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		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532 */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;Quicklinks: [[Introduction_to_Translation_Studies_2021|Back to course homepage]] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal#Frequently_asked_questions_FAQ FAQ]  [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal Manual] [[20210926_homework|Back to all homework webpages overview]] [[20220112_final_exam|final exam page]]&lt;br /&gt;
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PLEASE READ [[Joint_translation_terms|Joint translation terms]] &lt;br /&gt;
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PLEASE ALSO READ THE PREVIOUS PARTS, AT LEAST THE SENTENCES BEFORE YOUR OWN PART IN CHAPTER 19 [[20210303_culture|1, Mar 3 Chapters 1-4]], [[20210310_culture|2, Mar 10 Chapters 6-7]], [[20210317_culture|3, Mar 17 Chapters 11-13]], [[20210324_culture|4, Mar 24 Chapters 15-17]], [[20210331_culture|5, Mar 31 Chapters 4-7]], [[20210407_culture|6, Apr 7 Chapters 8-10]], [[20210414_culture|7, Apr 14 Chapters 13-15]] , [[20210519_culture|12, May 19 Chapters 17-19]], [[20210929_homework#Hongloumeng|for Sep 29 - rest of HLM Chapter 19]] [[20211013_homework|for Oct 13 - HLM Chapters 20-21]] [[20211020_homework|for Oct 20 - HLM Chapters 21-22]] [[20211027_homework|for Oct 27 - HLM Chapters 23-24]] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈静 Chén Jìng 国别 女 202020080595==&lt;br /&gt;
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心较比干多一窍──比干：暴君商(殷)纣王之叔，被誉为圣人。据《史记·殷本纪》载：纣王厌恶比干谏诤不已，怒曰：“吾闻圣人心有七窍。”于是“剖比干，观其心”。&lt;br /&gt;
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The heart is one more hole than Bigan. Bigan, the uncle of tyrant Shang King Zhou, is known as a saint. According to Historical Records: Yin Dynasty, King Zhou dislikes the advisement of Bigan, so said with anger,&amp;quot;I heard that a saint has seven hole in his heart.&amp;quot; Thus, Bigan was anatomized to observe his heart.--[[User:Chen Jing|Chen Jing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jing|talk]]) 11:44, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The heart is one more hole than Bigan.  Bigan: uncle of King Zhou of the tyrant Shang (Yin), known as a saint. According to the historical records of Yin Benji, King Zhou hated Bigan's admonition and said angrily, &amp;quot;I heard that the heart of Bigan.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 07:15, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==蔡珠凤 Cài Zhūfèng 法语语言文学 女 202120081477==&lt;br /&gt;
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古人以为心窍越多越聪明，故以“心较比干多一窍” 形容黛玉绝顶聪明。​&lt;br /&gt;
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病如西子胜三分──西子：即西施。《庄子·天运》说：“西施病心而颦(皱眉)”，益增娇艳。&lt;br /&gt;
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The ancients thought that the more the mind, the smarter it was, so they described Lin Daiyu Tochter von Lin Ji-hai as extremely clever. Illness like Xi Zi wins three points - Xi Zi: Xi Shi. Zhuangzi Tianyun said: &amp;quot;Xi Shi frowns (frowns) when she is ill&amp;quot;, which increases her beauty.​&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 07:25, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The ancients thought that the more the mind, the smarter it was, so they described Daiyu as extremely clever. ​&lt;br /&gt;
Illness like Xi Zi wins three points - Xi Zi: Xi Shi. Zhuangzi Tianyun said: &amp;quot;Xi Shi frowns (frowns) when she is ill&amp;quot;, which increases her beauty.--[[User:Zeng Junlin|Zeng Junlin]] ([[User talk:Zeng Junlin|talk]]) 12:01, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==曾俊霖 Zēng Jùnlín 国别 男 202120081478==&lt;br /&gt;
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故以“病如西子胜三分”形容黛玉病弱而娇美。 胜：胜过，超过。 下面贾宝玉替林黛玉起表字为“颦颦”，亦用西施颦眉之典，但又不敢明说，故编了一套谎活，杜撰了《古今人物通考》书名。​&lt;br /&gt;
Therefore, Mascara Jade Forest is described as weak and beautiful by &amp;quot;sick as Xizi wins three points&amp;quot;. Next, Precious Jade Merchant wrote &amp;quot;Pingping&amp;quot; for Mascara Jade Forest. He also used the code of Xi shi’s frown, but he didn't dare to say it clearly, so he made up a set of lies and invented the title of the general examination of ancient and modern characters. ​--[[User:Zeng Junlin|Zeng Junlin]] ([[User talk:Zeng Junlin|talk]]) 12:00, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈惠妮 Chén Huìnī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081479==&lt;br /&gt;
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教引嬷嬷──清代专司教导年幼皇子的女子，称“谙达”。后来世家大族也仿效而行。​&lt;br /&gt;
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“花气袭人”之句：是宋·陆游《村居书喜》中的半句，原诗为七言律诗：&lt;br /&gt;
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Jiao Yin Mammy -- a woman who was in charge of teaching the young emperor's son in the Qing Dynasty, known as &amp;quot;Jiuda&amp;quot;. Later, the big families followed the suit. ​&lt;br /&gt;
The sentence &amp;quot;flower spirit attacks people&amp;quot; is half of a sentence in &amp;quot;Village Residence Book Xi&amp;quot; by Song · Lu You. The original poem is a seven-word poem: --[[User:Chen Huini|Chen Huini]] ([[User talk:Chen Huini|talk]]) 06:05, 27 December 2021 (UTC)Chen Huini&lt;br /&gt;
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Guide Mammy——a woman who in charge of teaching young sons of Emperor in the Qing Dynasty，called “Anda”. Later, the big families followed the suit.&lt;br /&gt;
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The sentence &amp;quot;flower spirit attacks people&amp;quot; is half of a sentence in &amp;quot;Book of Happiness Living in Village&amp;quot; by Lu You in Song Dynasty.The original poem is a seven-word poem：--[[User:Chen Xiangqiong|Chen Xiangqiong]] ([[User talk:Chen Xiangqiong|talk]]) 01:43, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈湘琼 Chén Xiāngqióng 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081480==&lt;br /&gt;
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“红桥梅市晓山横，白塔樊江春水生。花气袭人知骤暖，鹊声穿树喜新晴。坊场酒贱贫犹醉，原野泥深老亦耕。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Mountains stand away from the Hong Qiaomei market and the Fanjiang river flows beside the Bai Tower. The glamour of flowers notices the spring and Tweetie magpies are happy because of a sunny day. The price of unstrained wine is so low that poor me can have a good drink. Farmers are diligently ploughing and sowing. --[[User:Chen Xiangqiong|Chen Xiangqiong]] ([[User talk:Chen Xiangqiong|talk]]) 01:37, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈心怡 Chén Xīnyí 翻译学 女 202120081481==&lt;br /&gt;
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最喜先期官赋足，经年无吏叩柴荆。”意谓因闻到花香，才知天气已经骤然暖和了。第二十三回和二十八回均引作“花气袭人知昼暖”，将“骤”误为“昼”，可能是曹雪芹误记。​&lt;br /&gt;
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==程杨 Chéng Yáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081482==&lt;br /&gt;
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省(xǐ ng醒)——典出《礼记·曲礼上》：“凡为人子之礼，冬温而夏凊，昏定而晨省。”[凊( jìng净)：凉。]&lt;br /&gt;
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Xing (pronounced xǐng) – canonical originated from ''The Book of Rites • Qu Li'': &amp;quot;The etiquette of being sons is: make his parents feel warm in winter, cool in the summer, serve them to bed at night, and greet them in the morning. [Jing  (pronounced jìng)]--[[User:Cheng Yang|Cheng Yang]] ([[User talk:Cheng Yang|talk]]) 11:27, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==丁旋 Dīng Xuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081483==&lt;br /&gt;
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意谓子女冬天要为父母焐暖被褥，夏天要为父母扇凉床席，每天早上要向父母请安问好，晚上要服侍父母安寝。泛指子女对父母的孝敬无微不至。故“省”即“晨省”的略称。&lt;br /&gt;
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==杜莉娜 Dù Lìnuó 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081484==&lt;br /&gt;
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指子女早晨向父母请安问候的礼节。​&lt;br /&gt;
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第四回 薄命女偏逢薄命郎，葫芦僧判断葫芦案&lt;br /&gt;
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It refers to the politeness children greet their parents in the morning.&lt;br /&gt;
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The Fourth Encountering of Unfortunate Couples;Fool Judge and the Misjudge Case--[[User:Du Lina|Du Lina]] ([[User talk:Du Lina|talk]]) 13:27, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==付红岩 Fù Hóngyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081485==&lt;br /&gt;
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却说黛玉同姐妹们至王夫人处，见王夫人正和兄嫂处的来使计议家务，又说姨母家遭人命官司等语。因见王夫人事情冗杂，姐妹们遂出来 ,至寡嫂李氏房中来了。原来这李氏即贾珠之妻。&lt;br /&gt;
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Mascara Jade Forest, for we shall now return to our story, having come, along with her cousins to Lady King's apartments, found Lady King  discussing certain domestic occurrences with the messengers, who had arrived from her elder brother's wife's home, and conversing also about the case of homicide, in which the family of her mother's sister had become involved, and other such relevant topics. Perceiving how pressing and perplexing were the matters in which Lady King was engaged, the young ladies promptly left her apartments, and came over to the rooms of their widow sister-in-law, Silk Plum.&lt;br /&gt;
This Silk Plum had originally been the spouse of Bead Merchant. --[[User:Fu Shiyu|Fu Shiyu]] ([[User talk:Fu Shiyu|talk]]) 08:30, 29 December 2021 (UTC)--[[User:Fu Shiyu|Fu Shiyu]] ([[User talk:Fu Shiyu|talk]]) 08:30, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==付诗雨 Fù Shīyǔ 日语语言文学 女 202120081486==&lt;br /&gt;
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珠虽夭亡，幸存一子，取名贾兰，今方五岁，已入学攻书。这李氏亦系金陵名宦之女。父名李守中，曾为国子祭酒；族中男女无不读诗书者。&lt;br /&gt;
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Although Bead Merchant had died at an early age, he had the good fortune of leaving behind him a son, to whom the name of Cymbidium Merchant was given. He was, at this period, just in his fifth year, and had already entered school, and applied himself to books. This Silk Plum was also the daughter of an official of note in Gold Mausoleum. Her father's name was Midfielder Plum, who had, at one time, been Imperial Libationer. Among his kindred, men as well as women had all devoted themselves to poetry and letters. --[[User:Fu Shiyu|Fu Shiyu]] ([[User talk:Fu Shiyu|talk]]) 07:24, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Bead Merchant died young. But luckily, she had a son, Cymbidium Merchant, just five and already in school. Her father, Midfielder Plum, a notable of Jinling, had served as a Libationer in the Imperial College. All the sons and daughters of his clan had been devoted to the study of the classics. --[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 10:06, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==高蜜 Gāo Mì 翻译学 女 202120081487==&lt;br /&gt;
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至李守中继续以来，便谓“女子无才便是德”，故生了此女，不曾叫他十分认真读书，只不过将些 《女四书》、 《烈女传》读读，认得几个字，记得前朝这几个贤女便了；&lt;br /&gt;
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When Midfielder Plum became head of the family, however, in the belief that “an unaccomplished woman is a virtuous one,” instead of making his daughter study hard he simply had her taught enough to read a few books such as the ''Four Books for Girls'', ''Biographies of Martyred Women'', and ''Lives of Exemplary Ladies'' so that she might be able to recognize a few characters and be familiar with some of the models of female virtue of former ages; --[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 10:05, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==宫博雅 Gōng Bóyǎ 俄语语言文学 女 202120081488==&lt;br /&gt;
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却以纺绩女红为要，因取名为李纨，字宫裁。所以这李纨虽青春丧偶，且居处于膏粱锦绣之中，竟如槁木死灰一般，一概不问不闻，惟知侍亲养子，闲时陪侍小姑等针黹、诵读而已。&lt;br /&gt;
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She was named Silk Plum and her courtesy name was Gongcai (imperial tailor) because she was hoped to be good at embroidery. Young but widowed, she looked like a dried-up wood, though living in a rich family. She did't ask any questions or wonder anything, but to serve her parents and raise her son, and in her spare time, she read and  embroidered with her sisters-in-law.--[[User:He Qin|He Qin]] ([[User talk:He Qin|talk]]) 03:55, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==何芩 Hé Qín 翻译学 女 202120081489==&lt;br /&gt;
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今黛玉虽客居于此，已有这几个姑嫂相伴，除老父之外，馀者也就无用虑了。如今且说贾雨村授了应天府，一到任，就有件人命官司详至案下，却是两家争买一婢，各不相让，以致殴伤人命。彼时雨村即拘原告来审。&lt;br /&gt;
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Although Mascara Jade was now living here as a guest, she had the company of these couins and sisters-in-law. She had nothing to worry about, except for her old father. Now Rainvillage Merchant was assigned as the officer in the God Promise Mansion. As soon as he arrived, there was a lawsuit for human life on his desk. Two families competed to buy a maid, but neither gave way, resulting in an assault and injury. He then took the plaintiff to trial.--[[User:He Qin|He Qin]] ([[User talk:He Qin|talk]]) 08:41, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==胡舒情 Hú Shūqíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081490==&lt;br /&gt;
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那原告道：“被打死的乃是小人的主人。因那日买了个丫头，不想系拐子拐来卖的。这拐子先已得了我家的银子，我家小主人原说第二日方是好日，再接入门；&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄锦云 Huáng Jǐnyún 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081491==&lt;br /&gt;
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这拐子又悄悄的卖与了薛家，被我们知道了，去找拿卖主，夺取丫头。无奈薛家原系金陵一霸，倚财仗势，众豪奴将我小主人竟打死了。凶身主仆已皆逃走，无有踪迹，只剩了几个局外的人。&lt;br /&gt;
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But this kidnapper stealthily sold her over again to the Hsueeh family. When we came to know of this, we went in search of the seller to lay hold of him, and bring back the girl by force. But the Hsueeh party has been all along the bully of Chin Ling, full of confidence in his wealth and prestige; and his arrogant menials in a body seized our master and beat him to death.The murderous master and his crew have all long ago made good their escape, leaving no trace behind them, while there only remain several parties not concerned in the affair. --[[User:Huang Jinyun|Huang Jinyun]] ([[User talk:Huang Jinyun|talk]]) 13:37, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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But this kidnapper stealthily sold her to the Hsueeh family. When we knew of this, we went in search of the seller to lay hold of him, and brought back the girl by force. But the Hsueeh party has been all along the bully of Chin Ling, full of confidence in his asset and prestige; and his arrogant menials in a body seized our master and beat him to death.The murderous master and his crew have all long ago made good their escape, leaving no trace behind them, while there only remain several people not concerned in the affair. --[[User:Huang Yiyan1|Huang Yiyan1]] ([[User talk:Huang Yiyan1|talk]]) 06:29, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄逸妍 Huáng Yìyán 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081492==&lt;br /&gt;
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小人告了一年的状，竟无人作主。求太老爷拘拿凶犯，以扶善良，存殁感激天恩不尽！”雨村听了，大怒道：“那有这等事：打死人竟白白的走了，拿不来的？”&lt;br /&gt;
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I filed a charge a year ago, but there's no answer. I beg Your Honour to arrest the criminals, punish the evil-doers and help the widow and orphan. Then both the living and the dead will be grateful!&amp;quot; &amp;quot;This is a scandal!&amp;quot; fumed Rainvillage Merchant. &amp;quot;How can men commit a murder and go without punishment?&amp;quot;--[[User:Huang Yiyan1|Huang Yiyan1]] ([[User talk:Huang Yiyan1|talk]]) 06:22, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄柱梁 Huáng Zhùliáng 国别 男 202120081493==&lt;br /&gt;
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便发签差公人，立刻将凶犯家属拿来拷问。只见案旁站着一个门子，使眼色不叫他发签。雨村心下狐疑，只得停了手。He sent a signature to send the official and immediately tortured the family members of the murderer. Seeing a boy page of the court standing by the case, who didn't ask Yucun to sign. Yucun was suspicious and had to stop.--[[User:Huang Zhuliang|Huang Zhuliang]] ([[User talk:Huang Zhuliang|talk]]) 01:45, 26 December 2021 (UTC)Huang Zhuliang&lt;br /&gt;
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He sent a signature to send the official and immediately tortured the family members of the murderer. Seeing a boy page of the court standing by the case, who didn't ask Yucun to sign. Yucun was suspicious and had to stop to do it.--[[User:Jin Xiaotong|Jin Xiaotong]] ([[User talk:Jin Xiaotong|talk]]) 11:17, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==金晓童 Jīn Xiǎotóng  202120081494==&lt;br /&gt;
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退堂至密室，令从人退去，只留这门子一人伏侍。门子忙上前请安，笑问：“老爷一向加官进禄，八九年来，就忘了我了？”&lt;br /&gt;
He retreated to the secret room and ordered everyone to leave the door man alone. The door man is busy forward to ask for his respect, smile to ask: &amp;quot;the master has been adding officials into the salary, eight or nine years, forget me?&amp;quot;--[[User:Jin Xiaotong|Jin Xiaotong]] ([[User talk:Jin Xiaotong|talk]]) 11:20, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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He retreated to the secret room and ordered everyone to leave except for the door man. The door man is busy forward to ask for his respect, smile to ask: &amp;quot;the master has been adding officials into the salary, eight or nine years, forget me?&amp;quot;--[[User:Kuang Yanli|Kuang Yanli]] ([[User talk:Kuang Yanli|talk]]) 01:27, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邝艳丽 Kuàng Yànl 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081495==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村道：“我看你十分眼熟，但一时总想不起来。”门子笑道：“老爷怎么把出身之地竟忘了？老爷不记得当年葫芦庙里的事么？”雨村大惊，方想起往事。&lt;br /&gt;
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Rainvillage Merchant said, “You look so familiar, but I can’t remember you at once.” the door man  laughed, “How could you forget your birthplace, my Master? Do you forget what happened in the Gourd Temple?” After listening, Rainvillage Merchant felt surprised, and the remembered the past.--[[User:Kuang Yanli|Kuang Yanli]] ([[User talk:Kuang Yanli|talk]]) 01:22, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Yue-ts'un said, “You look so familiar, but I can’t remember you at once.” gatekeeper laughed, “How could you forget your birthplace, my Master? Do you forget what happened in the Gourd Temple?” After listening, Yue-ts'un felt surprised, and the remembered the past.--[[User:Li Aixuan|Li Aixuan]] ([[User talk:Li Aixuan|talk]]) 05:51, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李爱璇 Lǐ Àixuán 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081496==&lt;br /&gt;
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原来这门子本是葫芦庙里一个小沙弥，因被火之后无处安身，想这件生意倒还轻省，耐不得寺院凄凉，遂趁年纪轻，蓄了发，充当门子。雨村那里想得是他。&lt;br /&gt;
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It turned out that the gatekeeper was originally a little monk in Bottle-gourd Temple. Because he had no place to settle down after the temple being burned by the fire, he thought this business was easy and could not bear the desolation of the temple. So he saved his hair and acted as a gatekeeper while he was young. Yue-ts'un didn't think it was him.--[[User:Li Aixuan|Li Aixuan]] ([[User talk:Li Aixuan|talk]]) 07:10, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The fact is that this Retainer had been a young monk in the Hu Lu temple, but because of its destruction by fire, he had no place to rest his frame, he remembered how light and easy was, after all, this kind of occupation, and being unable to reconcile himself to the solitude and quiet of a temple, he accordingly availed himself of his years, which were as yet few, to let his hair grow, and become a retainer. Yue-ts'un had had no idea that it was him. --[[User:Li Ruiyang|Li Ruiyang]] ([[User talk:Li Ruiyang|talk]]) 11:03, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李瑞洋 Lǐ Ruìyáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081497==&lt;br /&gt;
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便忙携手笑道：“原来还是故人。”因赏他坐了说话。这门子不敢坐。雨村笑道：“你也算贫贱之交了。此系私室，但坐不妨。”门子才斜签着坐下。&lt;br /&gt;
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Hastily taking his hand, he smilingly said, &amp;quot;You are, indeed, an old acquaintance!&amp;quot; and then pressed him to take a seat, so as to have a chat with more ease, but the Retainer would not presume to sit down. &amp;quot;Friendships,&amp;quot; Yue-ts'un remarked, putting on a smiling expression, &amp;quot;contracted in poor circumstances should not be forgotten! This is a private room, so that if you sat down, what would it matter?&amp;quot; The Retainer thereupon craved permission to take a seat and sat down gingerly.--[[User:Li Ruiyang|Li Ruiyang]] ([[User talk:Li Ruiyang|talk]]) 11:04, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Hastily taking his hand, he smilingly said, &amp;quot;You are, indeed, an old acquaintance!&amp;quot; and then asked him to take a seat, so as to have a further pleasant chat, but the doorman dared not to sit down. &amp;quot;Friendships,&amp;quot; Yue-ts'un remarked, putting on a smiling expression, &amp;quot;contracted in poor circumstances should not be forgotten! This is a private room, so that it would not offend anyone if you just sat down.&amp;quot; The doorman thereupon craved permission to take a seat and sat down gingerly.--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 11:20, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李姗 Lǐ Shān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081498==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村道：“方才何故不令发签？”门子道：“老爷荣任到此，难道就没抄一张本省的‘护官符’来不成？”雨村忙问：“何为‘护官符’？”&lt;br /&gt;
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Chia Yu-tsun asked, &amp;quot;Why did you not grant me the passport just now?&amp;quot; The doorman answered that &amp;quot;Your Excellency, when you are to assume office here, haven't you hold some relations to a guard officer? &amp;quot; Yu-tsun was confused and thus continued, &amp;quot;guard officer?&amp;quot;.--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 13:30, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Chia Yu-tsun asked, &amp;quot;Why did you not grant me the warrant just now?&amp;quot; The doorman answered that &amp;quot;Your Excellency, when you are to assume office here, haven't you hold 'a protection charm' of the province? &amp;quot; Yu-tsun was confused and thus continued, &amp;quot;What's the protection charm?&amp;quot;.--[[User:Li Shuang|Li Shuang]] ([[User talk:Li Shuang|talk]]) 15:58, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李双 Lǐ Shuāng 翻译学 女 202120081499==&lt;br /&gt;
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门子道：“如今凡作地方官的，都有一个私单，上面写的是本省最有权势极富贵的大乡绅名姓，各省皆然。倘若不知，一时触犯了这样的人家，不但官爵，只怕连性命也难保呢！&lt;br /&gt;
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The doorman said: “Nowadays every magistrate has a personal list of the names of the most powerful and wealthy squires in the province. It’s the same in all the provinces. If you don’t do this, you may lose your position even your life once you offend them.”--[[User:Li Shuang|Li Shuang]] ([[User talk:Li Shuang|talk]]) 14:47, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李文璇 Lǐ Wénxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081500==&lt;br /&gt;
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所以叫做‘护官符’。方才所说的这薛家，老爷如何惹得他！他这件官司并无难断之处，从前的官府都因碍着情分脸面，所以如此。”&lt;br /&gt;
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“So it was called “the amulet of protection from the feudal official. The family Xue we talked just now, we can’t offend them, my lord. His lawsuit had no difficulty, however, the former official had trouble in the relationship, thus causing the situation then.”.  --[[User:Li Wenxuan|Li Wenxuan]] ([[User talk:Li Wenxuan|talk]]) 09:46, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
So it's called ‘Guardian Talisman’. The Xue family just said, how did the master provoke him! There is nothing difficult about him in this lawsuit. The previous government officials were obstructed because of their affection, so it was so. &amp;quot;--[[User:Li Wen|Li Wen]] ([[User talk:Li Wen|talk]]) 11:32, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李雯 Lǐ Wén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081501==&lt;br /&gt;
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一面说，一面从顺袋中取出一张抄的“护官符”来，递与雨村看时，上面皆是本地大族名宦之家的俗谚口碑，云：贾不假，白玉为堂金作马。&lt;br /&gt;
On the one hand, while taking out a copy of the &amp;quot;protection charm&amp;quot; from the Shun bag, when it was handed it to Yucun, it was all the common sayings of the family of famous local eunuchs, saying: Jia is not fake, and Bai Yu is the gold of the house. Be a horse.--[[User:Li Wen|Li Wen]] ([[User talk:Li Wen|talk]]) 11:31, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李新星 Lǐ Xīnxīng 亚非语言文学 女 202120081503==&lt;br /&gt;
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阿房宫，三百里，住不下金陵一个史。东海缺少白玉床，龙王来请金陵王。丰年好大雪，珍珠如土金如铁。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李怡 Lǐ Yí 法语语言文学 女 202120081504==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村尚未看完，忽闻传点，报：“王老爷来拜。”雨村忙具衣冠接迎，有顿饭工夫，方回来问这门子。门子道：“四家皆连络有亲，一损俱损，一荣俱荣。&lt;br /&gt;
Yucun has not finished reading, suddenly smell spread point, report: &amp;quot;Wang master came to visit.&amp;quot; Yucun hurriedly arranged his clothes to meet him and had a meal before he came back to ask about it. Siemens way: &amp;quot;the four are connected to have relatives, a failure other destroyed, a glory other glory.--[[User:Li Yi|Li Yi]] ([[User talk:Li Yi|talk]]) 06:45, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Yucun has not finished reading, but suddenly heard from the messenger saying : &amp;quot;Wang master come to visit.&amp;quot; Yucun hurriedly arranged his clothes to welcome him. Only after a meal did he come back to ask Menzi, who said: &amp;quot;the four families are closely connected, so do their  honor and failure.--[[User:Liu Peiting|Liu Peiting]] ([[User talk:Liu Peiting|talk]]) 07:12, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘沛婷 Liú Pèitíng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081505==&lt;br /&gt;
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今告打死人之薛，就是‘丰年大雪’之薛。不单靠这三家，他的世交亲友在都在外的本也不少，老爷如今拿谁去？”雨村听说，便笑问门子道：“这样说来，却怎么了结此案？&lt;br /&gt;
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The xue of killing people is the xue of 'heavy snow in the year of plenty'. He has not only these three families, but also many family friends and relatives who are away from home. Who are you going to take now?&amp;quot; Rain village heard, then smiled and asked Siemens way: &amp;quot;So say, but how to settle the case?--[[User:Liu Peiting|Liu Peiting]] ([[User talk:Liu Peiting|talk]]) 07:05, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘胜楠 Liú Shèngnán 翻译学 女 202120081506==&lt;br /&gt;
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你大约也深知这凶犯躲的方向了？”门子笑道：“不瞒老爷说，不但这凶犯躲的方向，并这拐的人我也知道，死鬼买主也深知道，待我细说与老爷听：&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘薇 Liú Wēi 国别 女 202120081507==&lt;br /&gt;
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这个被打死的是一个小乡宦之子，名唤冯渊，父母俱亡，又无兄弟，守着些薄产度日。年纪十八九岁，酷爱男风，不好女色。这也是前生冤孽，可巧遇见这丫头，他便一眼看上了，立意买来作妾，设誓不近男色，也不再娶第二个了。&lt;br /&gt;
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The man who was killed was the son of a small township official, named Feng Yuan. His parents died and had no brothers. He lived on a low income. He is eighteen or nine years old. He loves men and is not good at women. This is also an injustice in his previous life. But when he happened to meet this girl, he took a fancy to it and decided to buy it as a concubine. He swore that he would not be close to a man and would not marry a second one.  --[[User:Liu Wei|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei|talk]]) 05:38, 27 December 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei&lt;br /&gt;
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The man who was killed, was the son of one of the minor local gentry, named Feng Yuan. Both his parents died and he had no brother, living on his small property. With an age of eighteen or nineteen he was a confirmed queer and took no interest in women. But then, as the entanglements in a former life, he ran into this girl and fell for her and made up his mind to buy her for his concubine. He swore to have no more to do with men and to marry no other wife.--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 13:41, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘晓 Liú Xiǎo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081508==&lt;br /&gt;
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所以郑重其事，必得三日后方进门。谁知这拐子又偷卖与薛家，他意欲卷了两家的银子逃去；谁知又走不脱，两家拿住，打了个半死，都不肯收银，各要领人。&lt;br /&gt;
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So he insisted on her entering the house three days later. Who could know that the kidnapper sell her on the sly to the Xues to abscond with the payment from both? However, before he could run, they nabbed him and beat him, leaving him half dead. Both refused to take back their money -- both wanted the girl.--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 13:35, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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So he had to wait three days before he could enter the house. Who would have thought that this trafficker would secretly sell to the Xue family again? He tried to escape with the money from both families.However, before he could run, they nabbed him and beat him, leaving him half dead. Both refused to take back their money -- both wanted the girl.--[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 00:44, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘越 Liú Yuè 亚非语言文学 女 202120081509==&lt;br /&gt;
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那薛公子便喝令下人动手，将冯公子打了个稀烂，抬回去三日竟死了。这薛公子原择下日子要上京的，既打了人，夺了丫头，他便没事人一般，只管带了家眷走他的路，并非为此而逃；&lt;br /&gt;
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He then rudely ordered his subordinates to do something about it, and beat Feng up so badly that he was carried home and died within three days. The Duke of Xue had intended to go to the capital in a few days, and since he had beaten and robbed the maid, he acted as if nothing had happened, and simply took his family away, not because of this escape;--[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 06:59, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘运心 Liú Yùnxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081510==&lt;br /&gt;
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这人命些些小事，自有他弟兄、奴仆在此料理。这且别说，老爷可知这被卖的丫头是谁？”雨村道：“我如何晓得？”门子冷笑道：“这人还是老爷的大恩人呢！&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗安怡 Luó Ānyí 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081511==&lt;br /&gt;
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他就是葫芦庙旁住的甄老爷的女儿，小名英莲的。”雨村骇然道：“原来是他！听见他自五岁被人拐去，怎么如今才卖呢？”门子道：“这种拐子单拐幼女，养至十二三岁，带至他乡转卖。&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗曦 Luó Xī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081512==&lt;br /&gt;
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当日这英莲，我们天天哄他玩耍，极相熟的，所以隔了七八年，虽模样儿出脱的齐整，然大段未改，所以认得；且他眉心中原有米粒大的一点胭脂记，从胎里带来的。&lt;br /&gt;
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When Yinglian was a little girl, we played with her every day and were very familiar with each other. Her appearance didn’t change a lot after seven or eight years though she has grown prettier than before, so we still remembered her; besides, her eyebrows came to a little carmine point (the size of a grain of rice) in the middle, which was the birthmark.--[[User:Ma Xin|Ma Xin]] ([[User talk:Ma Xin|talk]]) 05:53, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==马新 Mǎ Xīn 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081513==&lt;br /&gt;
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偏这拐子又租了我的房子居住，那日拐子不在家，我也曾问他。他说是打怕了的，万不敢说，只说拐子是他的亲爹，因无钱还债才卖的。再四哄他，他又哭了，只说：‘我原不记得小时的事。’&lt;br /&gt;
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The trafficker had rented my house to live in by coincidence. I had ever asked her one day when the trafficker was not at home. She said that she dared not to say anything after being attacked for a long time, and only answered that he was her father who sold her to pay off the debts. By coaxing her for several times, she cried again and said that &amp;quot;I don’t remember what happened when I was a child&amp;quot;.--[[User:Ma Xin|Ma Xin]] ([[User talk:Ma Xin|talk]]) 07:14, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The kidnapper just happened to rent the houses from me. One day, when he was not at home, I asked her about such a thing. She told me that she was afraid to say anything after being beaten so much; she only insisted that he was her father who sold her to pay off his debts. When I tried repeatedly to coax it out of her, she burst into tears and said that 'I do not remember what happened in my childhood.'--[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 08:29, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛雅文 Máo Yǎwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081514==&lt;br /&gt;
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这无可疑了。那日冯公子相见了，兑了银子，因拐子醉了，英莲自叹说：‘我今日罪孽可满了！’后又听见三日后才过门，他又转有忧愁之态。&lt;br /&gt;
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There is not doubt that the girl who was carried off by the kidnapper is Yinglian all right. The day when Feng Yuan met her and paid down his silver, the kidnapper had got drunk. And then, Yinglian sighed, 'I am overwhelmed by my sins today!' However, her gloom started deepening again, when she heard that Feng Yuan would not be coming and picking her up for three days.--[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 08:14, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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There is not doubt that the girl who was carried off by the kidnapper is Yinglian all right. The day when Feng Yuan met her and paid down his silver, the kidnapper had got drunk. And then, Yinglian sighed, 'I am overwhelmed by my sins today!'Later, she heard that it would be three days before Mr. Feng would marry her, and again she turned sad.--[[User:Mao You|Mao You]] ([[User talk:Mao You|talk]]) 16:27, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛优 Máo Yōu 俄语语言文学 女 202120081515==&lt;br /&gt;
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我又不忍，等拐子出去，又叫内人去解劝他：‘这冯公子必待好日期来接，可知必不以丫鬟相看。况他是个绝风流人品，家里颇过得，素性又最厌恶堂客，今竟破价买你，后事不言可知。&lt;br /&gt;
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I could not bear it, so I waited for the kidnapper to go out, and asked my wife to go and persuade him: 'Mr. Feng must be waiting for a good date to come and take you, so I know that he would never look at you as a maid. Besides, he is a man of great elegance, and his family is well off.He has always hated parishioners, but now he has gone so far as to buy you at a price that it is easy to tell what will happen.--[[User:Mao You|Mao You]] ([[User talk:Mao You|talk]]) 16:24, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I could not bear it, so I waited for the kidnapper to go out, and asked my wife to persuade him: “Mr. Feng must be waiting for a good date to come and take you, so I know that he would never look at you as a maid. Besides, he is a man of great elegance, and his family is well off. He has always hated women, but now he has gone so far as to buy you at such a price that it is easy to tell what will happen.”--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 03:22, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==牟一心 Móu Yīxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081516==&lt;br /&gt;
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只耐得三两日，何必忧闷？’他听如此说，方略解些，自谓从此得所。谁料天下竟有不如意事，第二日，他偏又卖与了薛家。&lt;br /&gt;
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Only for three or two days, why bother to be depressed? Hearing this, he relieved a little bit, saying that he would get a place to settle since then. Unexpectedly, everything is never perfect. On the next day, he was sold to the Marshgrass.--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 07:13, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==彭瑞雪 Péng Ruìxuě 法语语言文学 女 202120081517==&lt;br /&gt;
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若卖与第二家还好，这薛公子的混名，人称他‘呆霸王’，最是天下第一个弄性尚气的人，而且使钱如土。只打了个落花流水，生拖死拽，把个英莲拖去，如今也不知死活。&lt;br /&gt;
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It would be better if  Wiselotus Potterymaker was sold to the second person. The inflame of Dragon Marshgrass who was called Dull Overlord was the most capricious man in the world and spent money like the earth. He fought with those people who shanghaied Wiselotus Potterymaker, and scrambled for Wiselotus whose life was not assured.--[[User:Qing Jianan|Qing Jianan]] ([[User talk:Qing Jianan|talk]]) 07:44, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==秦建安 Qín Jiànān 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081518==&lt;br /&gt;
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这冯公子空喜一场，一念未遂，反花了钱，送了命，岂不可叹！”雨村听了，也叹道：“这也是他们的孽障遭遇，亦非偶然，不然这冯渊如何偏只看上了这英莲？&lt;br /&gt;
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“Feng Yuan dreamed of happiness, but instead of finding it he lost his life. What a pity!” Rain Village Merchant heard it and signed: “ that is also their evil encounter which is not a coincidence. Otherwise, Feng Yuan only had a crush on Ying Liam?”--[[User:Qing Jianan|Qing Jianan]] ([[User talk:Qing Jianan|talk]]) 07:35, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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“Mr. Feng’s dream stamped in the dust, but not only did the wish not come true, but it also cost a lot of money and even lose his life. What a pity!” Rain Village Merchant heard it and signed: “ that is also their evil encounter which is not a coincidence. Otherwise, Feng Yuan only had a crush on Pity Zhen?”--[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 08:37, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邱婷婷 Qiū Tíngtíng 英语语言文学（语言学）女 202120081519==&lt;br /&gt;
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这英莲受了拐子这几年折磨，才得了个路头，且又是个多情的，若果聚合了，倒是件美事，偏又生出这段事来。这薛家纵比冯家富贵，想其为人，自然姬妾众多，淫佚无度，未必及冯渊定情于一人。&lt;br /&gt;
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Finally, Pity Zhen could  get rid of the miserable life after being tortured by the trafficker for so many years. As Xue Pan is an amorous person, it would be a good thing if she could marry to him. However, such an unexpected thing deliberately happened. Even if the Xue family is richer than the Feng family, but think of his moral quality, he must be a man with many concubines and indulge himself in a luxury and incontinent life. In addition, He may not be devoted to only one person as Feng Yuan would do.--[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 07:55, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Pity Zhen has been tortured by human traffickers for several years before she can finally get rid of it. Although Dragon Marshgrass is an amorous person, it would be a good thing if she could marry and tie the knot. However, such an unbelievable thing deliberately happened. Even if the Xue family is richer than the Feng family, it's normal to think of him as a man with many concubines. He is lost without measure. He may not be devoted to one person as Feng Yuan does.--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 14:35, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==饶金盈 Ráo Jīnyíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081520==&lt;br /&gt;
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这正是梦幻情缘，恰遇见一对薄命儿女。且不要议论他人，只目今这官司如何剖断才好？”门子笑道：“老爷当年何其明决，今日何反成个没主意的人了？&lt;br /&gt;
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It is exactly the love of dream, coincidentally to be a pair of ill-fated couple. Not to mention other things, but how should we judge this case today?&amp;quot; The servant said with a smile, &amp;quot;Your Lordship was so clear and decisive back then, why are you so hesitant and irresolute now?&amp;quot;--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 14:28, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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It should be the love of dream, only to be an ill-fated couple. Don’t talk about others for the moment. It’s crucial that this case be judged properly.” The servant said with a smile, “ how decisive you were in those days. Why are you so irresolute at the present ?”--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 07:31, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==石丽青 Shí Lìqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081521==&lt;br /&gt;
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小的听见老爷补升此任，系贾府、王府之力。此薛蟠即贾府之亲，老爷何不顺水行舟，做个人情，将此案了结，日后也好去见贾、王二公。”&lt;br /&gt;
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I heard that you assumed office with the help of Merchant Mansion and King Mansion. Dragon Marshgrass is a relative of Merchant Mansion. Why don’t you do him a special favor, making use of the opportunity to settle the case, so that you can make a smooth explanation to Master Merchant and Master King in days to come.”--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 07:03, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I heard that you got a promotion additionally  with the help of Jia Mansion and Wang Mansion. Dragon Marshgrass is a relative of Jia Mansion. Why don’t you do him a special favor, making use of the opportunity to settle the case, so that you can make a smooth explanation to master Jia and Wang in days to come.”--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 05:42, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;Insert non-formatted text here&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==孙雅诗 Sūn Yǎshī 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081522==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村道：“你说的何尝不是，但事关人命，蒙皇上隆恩，起复委用，正竭力图报之时，岂可因私枉法？是实不忍为的。”门子听了，冷笑道：&lt;br /&gt;
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Yucun says: &amp;quot; What you said is right, but it is a matter of people's lives.I am so grateful that the emperor can appoint me. It's the time when I need to try my best to reward.Should I ignore the law for personal gain? It is really unbearable.&amp;quot;The doorman listened, and said with a sneer:--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 05:38, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Rain Village Merchant said:&amp;quot; What you said is right, but it is a matter of life. I am so grateful that the emperor can restore me to the commission. It's the time when I need to try my best to repay it, how can I ignore the law for personal gain? It is really unbearable.&amp;quot; Hearing this, the doorman said with a sneer: --[[User:Wang Lifei|Wang Lifei]] ([[User talk:Wang Lifei|talk]]) 07:51, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王李菲 Wáng Lǐfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081523==&lt;br /&gt;
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“老爷说的自是正理，但如今世上是行不去的。岂不闻古人说的：‘大丈夫相时而动。’又说：‘趋吉避凶者为君子。’依老爷这话，不但不能报效朝廷，亦且自身不保，还要三思为妥。”&lt;br /&gt;
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“What lord said is reasonable, but it is unfeasible in the current world. Have you not heard what the ancients said:’ A real man can take action according to the specific situation’, and ‘The one who can avoid calamity and bring on good fortune is a gentleman.’ According to lord’s words, you not only can’t serve the court, but also can’t protect yourself. You’d better think it over. ‘ --[[User:Wang Lifei|Wang Lifei]] ([[User talk:Wang Lifei|talk]]) 15:40, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王逸凡 Wáng Yìfán 亚非语言文学 女 202120081524==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村低了头，半日方说道：“依你怎么着？”门子道：“小人已想了个很好的主意在此：老爷明日坐堂，只管虚张声势，动文书，发签拿人。&lt;br /&gt;
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==王镇隆 Wáng Zhènlóng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 男 202120081525==&lt;br /&gt;
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凶犯自然是拿不来的，原告固是不依，只用将薛家族人及奴仆人等拿几个来拷问；小的在暗中调停，令他们报个‘暴病身亡’，合族中及地方上共递一张保呈。&lt;br /&gt;
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Naturally, the murderer could not get it. The plaintiff did not follow it. He only took a few of the Xue family and slave servants to torture them; The small ones were secretly mediating, so that they reported a &amp;quot;violent illness&amp;quot; and a joint guarantee was handed over to the middle and local communities.--[[User:Wang Zhenlong|Wang Zhenlong]] ([[User talk:Wang Zhenlong|talk]]) 11:25, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The murderer could not get it. The plaintiff did not follow it. He only took a few of Xue family and slave servants to torture them; I was secretly mediating, so that they reported a &amp;quot;violent illness&amp;quot; and a joint guarantee was handed over by close family and local community.--[[User:Wei Yiwen|Wei Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Wei Yiwen|talk]]) 08:45, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==卫怡雯 Wèi Yíwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081526==&lt;br /&gt;
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老爷只说善能扶鸾请仙，堂上设了乩坛，令军民人等只管来看。老爷便说：‘乩仙批了，死者冯渊与薛蟠原系夙孽，今犯狭路相遇，原应了结：&lt;br /&gt;
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The lord requested to set out the altar in order to invite immortals to come, and let the military and people to come to see. The lord then said that after coscinomancy finished, the dead Feng Yuan and Dragon Marshgrass should have come to an end because they used to be long-standing and are bound to meet head-on on a narrow road.--[[User:Wei Yiwen|Wei Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Wei Yiwen|talk]]) 14:46, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏楚璇 Wèi Chǔxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081527==&lt;br /&gt;
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今薛蟠已得了无名之病，被冯渊的魂魄追索而死。其祸皆由拐子而起，除将拐子按法处治外，馀不累及’等语。小人暗中嘱咐拐子，令其实招。&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏兆妍 Wèi Zhàoyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081528==&lt;br /&gt;
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众人见乩仙批语与拐子相符，自然不疑了。薛家有的是钱，老爷断一千也可，五百也可，与冯家作烧埋之费。那冯家也无甚要紧的人，不过为的是钱，有了银子，也就无话了。&lt;br /&gt;
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The crowed had no doubt after they saw the remarks of divinities in accordance with the trickster. The Xues had plenty of money, the Lord could give one thousand Yang yuan, or five hundred, to the Fengs for funeral expenses.There was no one of special importance in the Fengs, all they wanted was just the money. Having received the money, they wouldn't say anything more.--[[User:Wei Zhaoyan|Wei Zhaoyan]] ([[User talk:Wei Zhaoyan|talk]]) 14:25, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The people had no doubt after seeing the remarks of divinities in accordance with the trickster. The Xues had plenty of money, the Lord could give one thousand yuan, or five hundred, to the Fengs for funeral expenses.There was no one of special importance in the Fengs, all they wanted was just the money. Having received the money, they wouldn't say anything more. --[[User:Wu Jingyue|Wu Jingyue]] ([[User talk:Wu Jingyue|talk]]) 14:44, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴婧悦 Wú Jìngyuè 俄语语言文学 女 202120081529==&lt;br /&gt;
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老爷细想，此计如何？”雨村笑道：“不妥，不妥。等我再斟酌斟酌，压服得口声才好。”二人计议已定。至次日坐堂，勾取一干有名人犯，雨村详加审问。&lt;br /&gt;
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The lord thought carefully, and asked how about this plan? Rainvillage Merchant laughed and said: “ It’s not the right way, it’s not the right way. Let me think the matter over, the plan should be convinced by all the others.” Then they confirmed the plan. At tomorrow’s  court session, convening all criminals, whose name was known, Rainvillage Merchant questioned them seriously. --[[User:Wu Jingyue|Wu Jingyue]] ([[User talk:Wu Jingyue|talk]]) 14:31, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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What about this plan, Master?&amp;quot; Yu Cun laughed, &amp;quot;No, it's not good. I'll have to think about it again, so that I can convince them.&amp;quot; The two of them agreed on a plan. The next day they sat in the courtroom and took a number of famous criminals, and Yu Cun interrogated them in detail.--[[User:Wu Yinghong|Wu Yinghong]] ([[User talk:Wu Yinghong|talk]]) 08:24, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴映红 Wú Yìnghóng 日语语言文学 女 202120081530==&lt;br /&gt;
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果见冯家人口稀少，不过赖此欲得些烧埋之银；薛家仗势倚情，偏不相让：故致颠倒未决。雨村便徇情枉法，胡乱判断了此案。&lt;br /&gt;
The Feng family, with a small population, wanted to get some silver to burn and bury, but the Xue family, relying on their power and affection, did not give in: so the case was reversed. The Yu Cun family then bent the law and judged the case haphazardly.&lt;br /&gt;
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Seeing  Feng with such a small population, they wanted to get some silver to burn and bury, but the Xue, relying on their power and affection, did not give in: so the case was reversed. Rain Village then bent the law and judged the case haphazardly.--[[User:Xiao Yiyao|Xiao Yiyao]] ([[User talk:Xiao Yiyao|talk]]) 09:01, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531==&lt;br /&gt;
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冯家得了许多烧埋银子，也就无甚话说了。雨村便疾忙修书二封与贾政并京营节度使王子腾，不过说“令甥之事已完，不必过虑”之言寄去。&lt;br /&gt;
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The Feng family got a lot of buried silver and had nothing to say. Rain village will quickly repair two letters and Master Merchant and Soar King,and said &amp;quot;nephew has finished, do not have to worry about&amp;quot; words to send.--[[User:Xiao Yiyao|Xiao Yiyao]] ([[User talk:Xiao Yiyao|talk]]) 10:25, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The Feng family got a lot of buried silver and had nothing to say. Rain village will quickly repair two letters to Master Merchant and Soar King, and said &amp;quot;things about your nephew has been finished, do not need to worry about&amp;quot; words to send.--[[User:Xie Jiafen|Xie Jiafen]] ([[User talk:Xie Jiafen|talk]]) 11:28, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532==&lt;br /&gt;
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此事皆由葫芦庙内沙弥新门子所为，雨村又恐他对人说出当日贫贱时事来，因此心中大不乐意。后来到底寻了他一个不是，远远的充发了才罢。当下言不着雨村。&lt;br /&gt;
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It was all done by a novice monk Xinmenzi in Gourd Temple. Rainvillage was afraid that he would tell people about the awful current affairs of that day, so he was very unsatisfied. Later, Rainvillage pick holes in him , and banished him far away. Now, there was no one talking about bad things about Rainvillage.--[[User:Xie Jiafen|Xie Jiafen]] ([[User talk:Xie Jiafen|talk]]) 14:05, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢庆琳 Xiè Qìnglín 俄语语言文学 女 202120081533==&lt;br /&gt;
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且说那买了英莲、打死冯渊的薛公子，亦系金陵人氏，本是书香继世之家。只是如今这薛公子幼年丧父，寡母又怜他是个独根孤种，未免溺爱纵容些，遂致老大无成；&lt;br /&gt;
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==熊敏 Xióng Mǐn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081534==&lt;br /&gt;
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且家中有百万之富，现领着内帑钱粮，采办杂料。这薛公子学名薛蟠，表字文起，性情奢侈，言语傲慢；虽也上过学，不过略识几个字，终日惟有斗鸡走马，游山玩景而已。&lt;br /&gt;
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In addition, there are countless money in the family, and now people are taking the domestic money and food to purchase stuffs. The Mr. Xue so-called Dragon Marshgrass, is entitled as Wenqi with extravagant temperament and arrogant speech. Although he has also gone to school, but he knows a few words, he only like fighting cock walking around the mountains and enjoying the scenery all day long.&lt;br /&gt;
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In addition, there are countless money in the family, and now people are taking the domestic money and food to purchase stuffs. Mr.Xue, whose name is Dragon Marshgrass, is entitled as Wenqi with extravagant temperament and arrogant speech. Although he has also gone to school, he knows a few words, he only like fighting cock walking around the mountains and enjoying the scenery all day long.--[[User:Xu Minyun|Xu Minyun]] ([[User talk:Xu Minyun|talk]]) 11:21, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==徐敏赟 Xú Mǐnyūn 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 男 202120081535==&lt;br /&gt;
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虽是皇商，一应经纪世事全然不知，不过赖祖、父旧日的情分，户部挂个虚名，支领钱粮；其馀事体，自有伙计、老家人等措办。&lt;br /&gt;
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Although he was a royal merchant, he knew nothing about economics. However, due to the old affection of his grandfathers and fathers, he was given a virtual position in Board of Revenue to received money and grain, and the rest of affairs were handled by his clerks and old family members.--[[User:Xu Minyun|Xu Minyun]] ([[User talk:Xu Minyun|talk]]) 09:43, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Although he was a royal merchant, he knew nothing about economics. However, due to the old affection of his ancestors and his father, he was given a virtual position in Board of Revenue to received money and grain, and the rest of affairs were handled by his clerks and old family members.--[[User:Yan Jing|Yan Jing]] ([[User talk:Yan Jing|talk]]) 11:08, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜静 Yán Jìng 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 女 202120081536==&lt;br /&gt;
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寡母王氏，乃现任京营节度使王子腾之妹，与荣国府贾政的夫人王氏是一母所生的姊妹，今年方五十上下，只有薛蟠一子。还有一女，比薛蟠小两岁，乳名宝钗，生得肌骨莹润，举止娴雅。&lt;br /&gt;
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Wang, the widowed mother, is the sister of Wang Ziteng, the current governor of Jingying Festival and the sister of Wang, the wife of Jia Zheng in the Rongguo mansion. This year, she is about 50, and has only a son Xue Pan. Besides, she has a daughter, whose milk name is Bao Chai, two years younger than Xue Pan. Bao Chai has beautiful body and behave elegantly .&lt;br /&gt;
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Besides, she has a daughter, whose small name is Precious Hairpin Marshgrass, two years younger than Dragon Marshgrass.--[[User:Yan Lili|Yan Lili]] ([[User talk:Yan Lili|talk]]) 06:50, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜莉莉 Yán Lìlì 国别 女 202120081537==&lt;br /&gt;
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当时他父亲在日极爱此女，令其读书识字，较之乃兄竟高十倍。自父亲死后，见哥哥不能安慰母心，他便不以书字为念，只留心针黹、家计等事，好为母亲分忧代劳。&lt;br /&gt;
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His father had been so fond of her that he had sent her to read ten times better than her brother. Seeing that her brother could not pacify her mother after her father's death, she stopped thinking about reading and only cared about needle-work and family livelihood in order to share her mother's cares and duties.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Yan Lili|Yan Lili]] ([[User talk:Yan Lili|talk]]) 06:49, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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ever since her father's death, that her brother could not appease the anguish of her mother's heart, she at once dispelled all thoughts of books. and gave her sole mind to needlework, to the menage and other such concerns, so as to be able to participate in her mother's sorrow, and to bear the fatigue in lieu of her.--[[User:Yan Zihan|Yan Zihan]] ([[User talk:Yan Zihan|talk]]) 10:41, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜子涵 Yán Zǐhán 国别 女 202120081538==&lt;br /&gt;
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近因今上崇尚诗礼，征采才能，降不世之隆恩，除聘选妃嫔外，凡世宦名家之女，皆得亲名达部，以备选择为公主、郡主入学陪侍，充为才人、赞善之职。&lt;br /&gt;
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Recently, the Emperor in order to respect culture, promote etiquette and explore talents, in addition to selecting good wives and mothers to serve the emperor, the daughters of families of hereditary official status and renown were without exception, reported by name to the authorities, and communicated to the Board,in anticipation of the selection for maids in waiting to the Imperial Princesses and daughters of Imperial Princes in their studies, become “Cairen, Zanshan”.--[[User:Yan Zihan|Yan Zihan]] ([[User talk:Yan Zihan|talk]]) 10:37, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Recently, in order to respect culture, promote etiquette and explore talents,the Emperor held learning and propriety in high esteem, in addition to selecting consorts and ladies-in-waiting, , the daughters of families of hereditary official status and renown were without exception, reported by name to the authorities, and communicated to the Board,in anticipation of the selection for maids in waiting to the Imperial Princesses and daughters of Imperial Princes in their studies, become “Cairen, Zanshan”.--[[User:Yang Jiaying|Yang Jiaying]] ([[User talk:Yang Jiaying|talk]]) 07:54, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==阳佳颖 Yáng Jiāyǐng 国别 女 202120081540==&lt;br /&gt;
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自薛蟠父亲死后，各省中所有的买卖承局、总管、伙计人等，见薛蟠年轻不谙世事，便趁时拐骗起来，京都几处生意，渐亦销耗。&lt;br /&gt;
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Ever since the death of Dragon Marshgrass's father， all the assistants， managers and partners， and other employees in the respective provinces， perceiving how youthful and inexperienced Dragon Marshgrass was in years， readily availed themselves of the time to begin swindling and defrauding. As a result, The business， carried on in various different places in the capital，gradually also began to fall off and to show a deficit.--[[User:Yang Jiaying|Yang Jiaying]] ([[User talk:Yang Jiaying|talk]]) 08:33, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨爱江 Yáng Àijiāng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081541==&lt;br /&gt;
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薛蟠素闻得都中乃第一繁华之地，正思一游，便趁此机会：一来送妹待选；二来望亲；三来亲自入部销算旧账，再计新支；其实只为游览上国风光之意。&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨堃 Yáng Kūn 法语语言文学 女 202120081542==&lt;br /&gt;
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因此早已检点下行装细软，以及馈送亲友各色土物人情等类，正择日起身，不想偏遇着那拐子卖英莲。薛蟠见英莲生的不俗，立意买了作妾，又遇冯家来夺，因恃强喝令豪奴将冯渊打死。&lt;br /&gt;
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Dragon Marshgrass, therefore, has already checked his luggage and jewelry, and also has prepared the local specialty and gifts to his relatives and friends. He was going to set out on another day. Unexpectedly, he met the human trafficker selling Pity Zhen. Seeing that Pity Zhen was pretty, Dragon Marshgrass decided to buy her as a concubine. But he was also robbed by the family Feng,so he ordered a slave to kill Feng Yuan.--[[User:Yang Kun|Yang Kun]] ([[User talk:Yang Kun|talk]]) 04:05, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨柳青 Yáng Liǔqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081543==&lt;br /&gt;
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便将家中事务，一一嘱托了族中人并几个老家人；自己同着母亲、妹子，竟自起身长行去了。人命官司，他却视为儿戏，自谓花上几个钱，没有不了的。&lt;br /&gt;
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Dragon Marshgrass entrusted the household affairs to the clan middleman and old family members. Then he just went away with his mother and sister. He should deem the affair of murder as a trifling matter and believed it could be easily solved through money.--[[User:Yang Liuqing|Yang Liuqing]] ([[User talk:Yang Liuqing|talk]]) 12:31, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Then he has entrusted the household affairs to his clans and some from his hometown. While he himself just went away with his mother and sister. He deemed the affair of life and death as nothing and believed that nothing can't be handled by money.--[[User:Ye Weijie|Ye Weijie]] ([[User talk:Ye Weijie|talk]]) 04:41, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==叶维杰 Yè Wéijié 国别 男 202120081544==&lt;br /&gt;
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在路不计其日。那日已将入都，又听见母舅王子腾升了九省统制，奉旨出都查边。薛蟠心中暗喜道：“我正愁进京去有舅舅管辖，不能任意挥霍；如今升出去，可知天从人愿。”&lt;br /&gt;
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No time is counted when on the journey. That day he was about to enter the capital, and heard that mother-uncle Wang Ziten was promoted military commander and ordered to leave the capital to guard the border. Xue Pan merrily thought:&amp;quot; I'm just worried that I can't do whatever I want under uncle's jurisdiction, now he's promoted and about to leave, great! How lucky I am!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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No time is counted when on the journey. That day he was about to enter the capital, and heard that maternal uncle Soar King promoted to nine provinces, by decree out of the capital to check the border.Dragon Marshgrass heart secretly happy: &amp;quot; I was worried about going to the capital to have uncle's jurisdiction, can not be arbitrary spending; now promoted out, I know God from the wishes of man. &amp;quot;--[[User:Yi Yangfan|Yi Yangfan]] ([[User talk:Yi Yangfan|talk]]) 05:15, 29 December 2021 (UTC)Yi Yangfan&lt;br /&gt;
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==易扬帆 Yì Yángfān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081545==&lt;br /&gt;
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因和母亲商议道：“咱们京中虽有几处房舍，只是这十来年没人居住，那看守的人未免偷着租赁给人住，须得先着人去打扫收拾才好。”他母亲道：“何必如此招摇？”&lt;br /&gt;
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So he discussed with his mother, &amp;quot;Although we have a few premises in the capital, no one has lived there for ten years, the guards may sneakily rent to people to live, we must first ask someone to clean and tidy up.&amp;quot; His mother said, &amp;quot;Why do you have to be so flashy? &amp;quot;--[[User:Yi Yangfan|Yi Yangfan]] ([[User talk:Yi Yangfan|talk]]) 09:23, 25 December 2021 (UTC)Yi Yangfan&lt;br /&gt;
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So he discussed with his mother, &amp;quot;Although we have a few houses in the capital, no one has lived there for ten years. The guards may sneakily rent the house to other people, so we must first send someone to tidy up the house. His mother said, &amp;quot;Why do you have to be so flashy? &amp;quot;--[[User:Yin Huizhen|Yin Huizhen]] ([[User talk:Yin Huizhen|talk]]) 13:50, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷慧珍 Yīn Huìzhēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081546==&lt;br /&gt;
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咱们这进京去，原是先拜望亲友，或是在你舅舅处，或是你姨父家，他两家的房舍极是宽敞的，咱们且住下，再慢慢儿的着人去收拾，岂不消停些？”&lt;br /&gt;
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Now we go to the capital Beijing,  and we should visit our relatives first. Your uncle‘s or your aunt‘s husband’s house are good choices, and their houses are very spacious. Let's stay there for a while and then send someone to clean up the house，and it will be more inconspicuous.--[[User:Yin Huizhen|Yin Huizhen]] ([[User talk:Yin Huizhen|talk]]) 13:38, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷美达 Yīn Měidá 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081547==&lt;br /&gt;
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薛蟠道：“如今舅舅正升了外省去，家里自然忙乱起身，咱们这会子反一窝一拖的奔了去，岂不没眼色呢？”他母亲道：“你舅舅虽升了去，还有你姨父家。&lt;br /&gt;
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==尹媛 Yǐn Yuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081548==&lt;br /&gt;
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况这几年来，你舅舅、姨娘两处，每每带信捎书接咱们来；如今既来了，你舅舅虽忙着起身，你贾家的姨娘未必不苦留我们，咱们且忙忙的收拾房子，岂不使人见怪？你的意思，我早知道了：&lt;br /&gt;
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In the past few years, your uncle and aunt have often sent us letters to bring us here. Now that we have come, although your uncle is busy, Merchant's aunt may &lt;br /&gt;
try leaving us, we are busy making up the house, won't make people mind? I have already know what you mean: --[[User:Yin Yuan|Yin Yuan]] ([[User talk:Yin Yuan|talk]]) 05:28, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==詹若萱 Zhān Ruòxuān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081549==&lt;br /&gt;
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守着舅舅、姨母住着，未免拘紧了；不如各自住着，好任意施为。你既如此，你自去挑所宅子去住；我和你姨娘，姊妹们别了这几年，却要住几日，我带了你妹子去投你姨娘家去。你道好不好？”&lt;br /&gt;
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==张秋怡 Zhāng Qiūyí 亚非语言文学 女 202120081550==&lt;br /&gt;
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薛蟠见母亲如此说，情知扭不过，只得吩咐人夫，一路奔荣国府而来。那时王夫人已知薛蟠官司一事，亏贾雨村就中维持了，才放了心。&lt;br /&gt;
Dragon Marshgrass saw his mother said so, I know that the twist can not, only to order the husband, all the way to the Rongguo House and come. At that time, Lady King knew that Dragon Marshgrass lawsuit, thanks to Rainvillage Merchant on the maintenance of the heart.&lt;br /&gt;
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Seeing that his mother said so,Dragon Marshgrass had no choice but to order the husband to come all the way to Jung-guo-Anwesen. At that time, Lady King was relieved when she knew about Dragon Marshgrass's lawsuit and lost Rainvillage Merchant's support.--[[User:Zhang Yang|Zhang Yang]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yang|talk]]) 07:34, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张扬 Zhāng Yáng 国别 男 202120081551==&lt;br /&gt;
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又见哥哥升了边缺，正愁少了娘家的亲戚来往，略觉寂寞。过了几日，忽家人报：“姨太太带了哥儿、姐儿，合家进京，在门外下车了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Seeing that her brother was promoted, she was worried about the lack of relatives in her mother's family, and felt a little lonely. A few days later, suddenly her family reported: &amp;quot;concubine brought her brothers and sisters to Beijing and got off outside the door.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zhang Yang|Zhang Yang]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yang|talk]]) 10:02, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Seeing that her brother was promoted,  Dragon Marshgrass was worried about the lack of relatives in her mother's family, and felt a little lonely. A few days later, suddenly her family reported: &amp;quot;concubine brought her brothers and sisters to Beijing and got off outside the door.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zhang Yiran|Zhang Yiran]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yiran|talk]]) 14:38, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张怡然 Zhāng Yírán 俄语语言文学 女 202120081552==&lt;br /&gt;
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喜的王夫人忙带了人，接到大厅上，将薛姨妈等接进去了。姊妹们一朝相见，悲喜交集，自不必说。叙了一番契阔，又引着拜见贾母，将人情土物各种酬献了，合家俱厮见过，又治席接风。&lt;br /&gt;
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Lady King was so happy that she brought someone to the hall and took Aunt Marshgrass in. The sisters were joy tempered with sorrow to see each other that it goes without saying. Told a story of great deeds, and led to visit Grandma Merchant, all kinds of reward will be offered, together with the furniture saw, and treat the seat to receive wind.--[[User:Zhang Yiran|Zhang Yiran]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yiran|talk]]) 14:35, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Mr. Wang was so happy that she brought someone to the hall and took Aunt Xue in. The sisters were  in joy tempered with sorrow to see each other that it goes without saying. Told a story of great deeds, and led to visit Grandma Merchant, all kinds of reward will be offered, together with the furniture saw, and treat the seat to receive wind.--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 10:07, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟义菲 Zhōng Yìfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081553==&lt;br /&gt;
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薛蟠拜见过贾政、贾琏，又引着见了贾赦、贾珍等。贾政便使人进来对王夫人说：“姨太太已有了年纪，外甥年轻，不知庶务，在外住着，恐又要生事。&lt;br /&gt;
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Dragon Marshgrass met Master Merchant and Romance Merchant and introduced Pardon Merchant and Treasure Merchant. Master Merchant sent someone in and said to Lady King, &amp;quot;my aunt is old, and my nephew is young. He doesn't know about general affairs. If he is living outside, I am afraid that something will happen again.--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 10:10, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Dragon Marshgrass met Master Merchant and Romance Merchant and introduced Pardon Merchant and Treasure Merchant. Master Merchant sent someone in and said to Lady King, &amp;quot;my aunt is old, and my nephew is young. He doesn't know about general affairs. If he lives outside, I am afraid that he will make some trouble.--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 13:01, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟雨露 Zhōng Yǔlù 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081554==&lt;br /&gt;
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咱们东南角上梨香院那一所房十来间白空闲着，叫人请了姨太太和姐儿、哥儿住了甚好。”王夫人原要留住。贾母也遣人来说：“请姨太太就在这里住下，大家亲密些。”&lt;br /&gt;
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“We have a room in the southeast corner of Pear Fragrance Court that is vacant, and ask someone to invite the aunt and sister and brother to live here.” Lady King originally wanted to stay. Grandma Merchant also sent someone to say: “Please invite the aunt to stay here, the relationship between us will be closer.”--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 12:58, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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“We have dozens of room in the southeast corner of the Pear Fragrance court that is vacant, and ask someone to invite the aunt and sister and brother to live here.” Lady King originally wanted to stay. Grandma Merchant also sent someone to say: “Please stay here, the relationship between us will be closer.”--[[User:Zhou Jiu|Zhou Jiu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Jiu|talk]]) 07:56, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周玖 Zhōu Jiǔ 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081555==&lt;br /&gt;
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薛姨妈正欲同居一处，方可拘紧些儿子；若另住在外边，又恐他纵性惹祸：遂忙应允。又私与王夫人说明：“一应日费供给，一概都免，方是处常之法。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Aunt Marshgrass wanted to live here so that she could supervise her son. If she lived elsewhere, she feared that her son would get into trouble again. Therefore, she agreed immediately and said to Lady King privately, &amp;quot;the Xue family will pay for all the supplies by themselves, which is the only way to get along with them for a long time.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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Aunt Marshgrass wanted to live here so that she could supervise her son. If she lived elsewhere, she feared that her son would get into trouble again. Therefore, she agreed immediately and explicated  to Lady King privately, &amp;quot;the Marshgrass family will pay for all the supplies by themselves, which is the only way to get along with them for a long time.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 07:52, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周俊辉 Zhōu Jùnhuī 法语语言文学 女 202120081556==&lt;br /&gt;
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王夫人知他家不难于此，遂亦从其自便。从此后，薛家母女就在梨香院住了。原来这梨香院乃当日荣公暮年养静之所，小小巧巧，约有十馀间房舍，前厅后舍俱全。&lt;br /&gt;
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Lady King knew that it was not difficult to solve this problem, so she agreed to come down. From then on, the mother and daughter of the Marshgrass family lived in the Pear Fragrant Court. It turned out that the pear Hyangwon used to be the residence of King Yeongguk when he retired. It was small, but there were about a dozen houses with a complete front hall and back yard.--[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 07:49, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周巧 Zhōu Qiǎo 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081557==&lt;br /&gt;
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另有一门通街，薛蟠的家人就走此门出入。西南上又有一个角门，通着夹道子，出了夹道，便是王夫人正房的东院了。每日或饭后或晚间，薛姨妈便过来，或与贾母闲谈，或与王夫人相叙；&lt;br /&gt;
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There was another gate to the street, through which Xue Pan's family went in and out. There is another side gate in the southwest, which leads to the narrow lane. Out of it, comes the east courtyard of Lady King's principal room. Every day, after dinner or in the evening, Aunt Marshgrass came to chat with Grandma Merchant or Lady King;--[[User:Zhou Qiao1|Zhou Qiao1]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qiao1|talk]]) 12:49, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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There was another door leading to the street, and Xue Pan's family walked in and out through this door. There is another corner door on the southwest, leading through the lane, and out of the lane, it is the east courtyard of Mrs. Wang's main house. Every day, after dinner or in the evening, Aunt Xue came over, chatting with Jia's mother, or narrating with Mrs. Wang.--[[User:Zhou Qing|Zhou Qing]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qing|talk]]) 07:23, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周清 Zhōu Qīng 法语语言文学 女 202120081558==&lt;br /&gt;
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宝钗日与黛玉、迎春姊妹等一处，或看书下棋，或做针黹：倒也十分相安。只是薛蟠起初原不欲在贾府中居住，生恐姨父管束，不得自在。无奈母亲执意在此，且贾宅中又十分殷勤苦留，只得暂且住下；&lt;br /&gt;
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During the day, Baochai was in peace with Daiyu and Sister Yingchun, reading a book, playing chess, or doing stitches. It's just that Xue Pan didn't want to live in Jia's house at first, and was afraid of his uncle's control and uncomfortable. But my mother insisted on staying here, and the people in Jia's house were so diligent to stay, so they had to stay temporarily.&lt;br /&gt;
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During the day, Precious Hairpin Marshgrass  was in peace with with Mascara Jade Forest, Spring Pleasure Merchant, her sisters and the other girls, either to read, to play chess, or to do needlework.   It's just that Dragon Marshgrass didn't want to live in Jia's house at first, and was afraid of his uncle's control and uncomfortable. But my mother insisted on staying here, and the people in Jia's house were so diligent to stay, so they had to stay temporarily.--[[User:Zhou Xiaoxue|Zhou Xiaoxue]] ([[User talk:Zhou Xiaoxue|talk]]) 07:19, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周小雪 Zhōu Xiǎoxuě 日语语言文学 女 202120081559==&lt;br /&gt;
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一面使人打扫出自家的房屋，再移居过去。谁知自此间住了不上一月，贾宅族中凡有的子侄，俱已认熟了一半，都是那些纨袴气习，莫不喜与他来往。&lt;br /&gt;
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at the same time he directed servants to go and sweep the apartments of their own house and  they should move into them when they were ready.&lt;br /&gt;
But, contrary to expectation， for not over a month，Dragon Marshgrass to be on intimate relations with all the young men among the kindred of the Jia mansion， the half of whom were extravagant in their habits and glad to make contact with he.--[[User:Zhou Xiaoxue|Zhou Xiaoxue]] ([[User talk:Zhou Xiaoxue|talk]]) 06:44, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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At the same time，he arranged servants to clean their own house apartments and then moved to the apartment for living.However,less than a month's living，he has been acquainted with hallf of the sons and nephews in the clan of Chia. They were extravagant in their habits and glad to make friends with him.--[[User:Zhu Suzhen|Zhu Suzhen]] ([[User talk:Zhu Suzhen|talk]]) 13:46, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==朱素珍 Zhū Sùzhēn 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081561==&lt;br /&gt;
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今日会酒，明日观花，甚至聚赌嫖娼，无所不至，引诱的薛蟠比当日更坏了十倍。虽说贾政训子有方，治家有法，一则族大人多，照管不到；二则现在房长乃是贾珍，彼乃宁府长孙，又现袭职，凡族中事，都是他掌管；&lt;br /&gt;
Staying together and drinking wine today, appreciating flowers tomorrow, and even gambling and prostitution, everything will be done. Xue Pan, who is seduced, is ten times worse than that day. Although Jia Zhengxun is good at governing family, on the one hand,there are so many people in the family that he can not look after everyone; On the other hand, the house chief is Jia Zhen, and he is the eldest grandson of the Ning Mansion, now everything is in charge of him.&lt;br /&gt;
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Today having party and drinking, tomorrow watching flower, and even gambling and whoring are all around. Xue pan is ten times worse than that day. Although Jia Zheng correctly taught his children,Run the family with laws and regulations,For one thing, there are too many people to take care of; Second, now the head of the house is Jia Zhen, the grandson of the head of ,He was in charge of the Ning Mansion， all the affairs of the family，he is in charge of everything in the family;--[[User:Zou Yueli|Zou Yueli]] ([[User talk:Zou Yueli|talk]]) 03:34, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邹岳丽 Zōu Yuèlí 日语语言文学 女 202120081562==&lt;br /&gt;
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三则公私冗杂，且素性潇洒，不以俗事为要，每公暇之时，不过看书、着棋而已；况这梨香院相隔两层房舍，又有街门别开，任意可以出入：&lt;br /&gt;
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Third, the public and private are miscellaneous, and they are natural and unrestrained. They don't focus on mundane affairs. In their spare time, they just read books and play chess;Moreover, the Lixiang courtyard is separated by two floors, and the street door is not open, so you can go in and out at will:&lt;br /&gt;
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==Nadia 202011080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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这些子弟们所以只管放意畅怀的，因此薛蟠遂将移居之念渐渐打灭了。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Mahzad Heydarian 玛莎 202021080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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日后如何，下回分解。葫芦僧判断葫芦案──&lt;br /&gt;
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==Mariam Toure 2020GBJ002301==&lt;br /&gt;
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“葫芦”的谐音为糊涂，故其意谓糊涂僧糊涂判案。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Rouabah Soumaya 202121080001==&lt;br /&gt;
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指知县贾雨村按照现为衙门门子而原为葫芦庙小沙弥的主意糊里糊涂判结了薛蟠强买甄英莲并打死人命一案。&lt;br /&gt;
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Zhizhi County Jia Yucun was confused and convicted the case of Xue Panqiang buying Zhen Yinglian and killing people based on the idea that he is now Yamenzi but was originally a young novice monk in the Gourd Temple.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Numan 202121080002==&lt;br /&gt;
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女子无才便是德──语出明·张岱《公祭祁夫人文》：&lt;br /&gt;
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==Atta Ur Rahman 202121080003==&lt;br /&gt;
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“(陈)眉公曰：‘丈夫有德便是才，女子无才便是德。’此语殊为未确。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Saqib Mehran 202121080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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(又见清·石成金《家训钞》引)&lt;br /&gt;
 Translation: (See also the quote from Shi Chengjin's &amp;quot;Family Instructions&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Zohaib Chand 202121080005==&lt;br /&gt;
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意谓女子如果读书识字，便可能受到小说、戏曲的不良影响，做出伤风败俗的事，倒不如不识字而能保持妇德。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Jawad Ahmad 202121080006==&lt;br /&gt;
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《女四书》、《列女传》──都是记述历代贤德女子的事迹，以宣扬封建妇德的书。&lt;br /&gt;
 English:The Four Books on Women and the Biography of Lienu ─ ─ both describe the deeds of &lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
 virtuous women in past dynasties to publicize the feudal virtues of women.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Nizam Uddin 202121080007==&lt;br /&gt;
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《女四书》：明·王相模仿南宋·朱熹所编《四书》而辑成，包括东汉·班昭的《女诫》、唐·宋若莘和宋若昭的《女论语》、明·永乐皇后徐氏的《内训》、王相之母刘氏的《女范捷录》四种专讲女德的书，故称。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Öncü 202121080008==&lt;br /&gt;
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《列女传》：西汉·刘向编撰。全书七卷，每卷为一类，分别为母仪、贤明、仁智、贞顺、节义、辩通、嬖孽，共收妇女故事一百零四则。​&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;Biographies of Exemplary Women&amp;quot;: compiled by the western Han dynasty Liu Xiang. There are seven volumes in the whole book, each of which is a category. respectively, there are one hundred and four women's stories, including Mu Yi, Xian Ming, Ren Zhi, Zhen Shun, Jie Yi, Bian Tong, and Bi Nie.--[[User:AkiraJantarat|AkiraJantarat]] ([[User talk:AkiraJantarat|talk]]) 06:33, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Akira Jantarat 202121080009==&lt;br /&gt;
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纺绩女红(gōng工)──泛指女子应做的家务活计。&lt;br /&gt;
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Spinning needlework ——— Make a general reference of as housework that a woman should do.--[[User:AkiraJantarat|AkiraJantarat]] ([[User talk:AkiraJantarat|talk]]) 05:25, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Fangji Female Red (''gong'')──refers to the household chores of women.--[[User:Benjamin Wellsand|Benjamin Wellsand]] ([[User talk:Benjamin Wellsand|talk]]) 19:13, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Benjamin Wellsand 202111080118==&lt;br /&gt;
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纺绩：“纺”是把丝纺成纱，“绩”是把麻绩成线。&lt;br /&gt;
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''Fangji'': &amp;quot;Fang&amp;quot; means to spin silk into yarn, &amp;quot;Ji&amp;quot; means to turn the hemp into thread.--[[User:Benjamin Wellsand|Benjamin Wellsand]] ([[User talk:Benjamin Wellsand|talk]]) 19:06, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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''Fangji'': ''Fang'' means spinning silk into yarn, ''Ji'' means turning hemp into thread. --[[User:Asep Budiman|Asep Budiman]] ([[User talk:Asep Budiman|talk]]) 01:48, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Asep Budiman 202111080020==&lt;br /&gt;
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女红：又作“女工”或“女功”。&lt;br /&gt;
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Female Red (''gong''): is also known as &amp;quot;female worker&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;female performer&amp;quot;. --[[User:Asep Budiman|Asep Budiman]] ([[User talk:Asep Budiman|talk]]) 01:46, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Female Red: also known as &amp;quot;female worker&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;female performer&amp;quot;. --[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 10:56, 29 December 2021 (UTC)Ei Mon Kyaw&lt;br /&gt;
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==Ei Mon Kyaw 202111080021==&lt;br /&gt;
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是指纺织、缝纫、刺绣等。&lt;br /&gt;
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Refers to textiles, sewing, embroidery, etc.  --[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 10:53, 29 December 2021 (UTC)Ei Mon Kyaw&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211229_homework&amp;diff=134746</id>
		<title>20211229 homework</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211229_homework&amp;diff=134746"/>
		<updated>2021-12-29T11:28:26Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531 */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;Quicklinks: [[Introduction_to_Translation_Studies_2021|Back to course homepage]] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal#Frequently_asked_questions_FAQ FAQ]  [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal Manual] [[20210926_homework|Back to all homework webpages overview]] [[20220112_final_exam|final exam page]]&lt;br /&gt;
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PLEASE READ [[Joint_translation_terms|Joint translation terms]] &lt;br /&gt;
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PLEASE ALSO READ THE PREVIOUS PARTS, AT LEAST THE SENTENCES BEFORE YOUR OWN PART IN CHAPTER 19 [[20210303_culture|1, Mar 3 Chapters 1-4]], [[20210310_culture|2, Mar 10 Chapters 6-7]], [[20210317_culture|3, Mar 17 Chapters 11-13]], [[20210324_culture|4, Mar 24 Chapters 15-17]], [[20210331_culture|5, Mar 31 Chapters 4-7]], [[20210407_culture|6, Apr 7 Chapters 8-10]], [[20210414_culture|7, Apr 14 Chapters 13-15]] , [[20210519_culture|12, May 19 Chapters 17-19]], [[20210929_homework#Hongloumeng|for Sep 29 - rest of HLM Chapter 19]] [[20211013_homework|for Oct 13 - HLM Chapters 20-21]] [[20211020_homework|for Oct 20 - HLM Chapters 21-22]] [[20211027_homework|for Oct 27 - HLM Chapters 23-24]] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈静 Chén Jìng 国别 女 202020080595==&lt;br /&gt;
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心较比干多一窍──比干：暴君商(殷)纣王之叔，被誉为圣人。据《史记·殷本纪》载：纣王厌恶比干谏诤不已，怒曰：“吾闻圣人心有七窍。”于是“剖比干，观其心”。&lt;br /&gt;
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The heart is one more hole than Bigan. Bigan, the uncle of tyrant Shang King Zhou, is known as a saint. According to Historical Records: Yin Dynasty, King Zhou dislikes the advisement of Bigan, so said with anger,&amp;quot;I heard that a saint has seven hole in his heart.&amp;quot; Thus, Bigan was anatomized to observe his heart.--[[User:Chen Jing|Chen Jing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jing|talk]]) 11:44, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The heart is one more hole than Bigan.  Bigan: uncle of King Zhou of the tyrant Shang (Yin), known as a saint. According to the historical records of Yin Benji, King Zhou hated Bigan's admonition and said angrily, &amp;quot;I heard that the heart of Bigan.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 07:15, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==蔡珠凤 Cài Zhūfèng 法语语言文学 女 202120081477==&lt;br /&gt;
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古人以为心窍越多越聪明，故以“心较比干多一窍” 形容黛玉绝顶聪明。​&lt;br /&gt;
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病如西子胜三分──西子：即西施。《庄子·天运》说：“西施病心而颦(皱眉)”，益增娇艳。&lt;br /&gt;
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The ancients thought that the more the mind, the smarter it was, so they described Lin Daiyu Tochter von Lin Ji-hai as extremely clever. Illness like Xi Zi wins three points - Xi Zi: Xi Shi. Zhuangzi Tianyun said: &amp;quot;Xi Shi frowns (frowns) when she is ill&amp;quot;, which increases her beauty.​&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 07:25, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The ancients thought that the more the mind, the smarter it was, so they described Daiyu as extremely clever. ​&lt;br /&gt;
Illness like Xi Zi wins three points - Xi Zi: Xi Shi. Zhuangzi Tianyun said: &amp;quot;Xi Shi frowns (frowns) when she is ill&amp;quot;, which increases her beauty.--[[User:Zeng Junlin|Zeng Junlin]] ([[User talk:Zeng Junlin|talk]]) 12:01, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==曾俊霖 Zēng Jùnlín 国别 男 202120081478==&lt;br /&gt;
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故以“病如西子胜三分”形容黛玉病弱而娇美。 胜：胜过，超过。 下面贾宝玉替林黛玉起表字为“颦颦”，亦用西施颦眉之典，但又不敢明说，故编了一套谎活，杜撰了《古今人物通考》书名。​&lt;br /&gt;
Therefore, Mascara Jade Forest is described as weak and beautiful by &amp;quot;sick as Xizi wins three points&amp;quot;. Next, Precious Jade Merchant wrote &amp;quot;Pingping&amp;quot; for Mascara Jade Forest. He also used the code of Xi shi’s frown, but he didn't dare to say it clearly, so he made up a set of lies and invented the title of the general examination of ancient and modern characters. ​--[[User:Zeng Junlin|Zeng Junlin]] ([[User talk:Zeng Junlin|talk]]) 12:00, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈惠妮 Chén Huìnī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081479==&lt;br /&gt;
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教引嬷嬷──清代专司教导年幼皇子的女子，称“谙达”。后来世家大族也仿效而行。​&lt;br /&gt;
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“花气袭人”之句：是宋·陆游《村居书喜》中的半句，原诗为七言律诗：&lt;br /&gt;
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Jiao Yin Mammy -- a woman who was in charge of teaching the young emperor's son in the Qing Dynasty, known as &amp;quot;Jiuda&amp;quot;. Later, the big families followed the suit. ​&lt;br /&gt;
The sentence &amp;quot;flower spirit attacks people&amp;quot; is half of a sentence in &amp;quot;Village Residence Book Xi&amp;quot; by Song · Lu You. The original poem is a seven-word poem: --[[User:Chen Huini|Chen Huini]] ([[User talk:Chen Huini|talk]]) 06:05, 27 December 2021 (UTC)Chen Huini&lt;br /&gt;
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Guide Mammy——a woman who in charge of teaching young sons of Emperor in the Qing Dynasty，called “Anda”. Later, the big families followed the suit.&lt;br /&gt;
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The sentence &amp;quot;flower spirit attacks people&amp;quot; is half of a sentence in &amp;quot;Book of Happiness Living in Village&amp;quot; by Lu You in Song Dynasty.The original poem is a seven-word poem：--[[User:Chen Xiangqiong|Chen Xiangqiong]] ([[User talk:Chen Xiangqiong|talk]]) 01:43, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈湘琼 Chén Xiāngqióng 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081480==&lt;br /&gt;
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“红桥梅市晓山横，白塔樊江春水生。花气袭人知骤暖，鹊声穿树喜新晴。坊场酒贱贫犹醉，原野泥深老亦耕。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Mountains stand away from the Hong Qiaomei market and the Fanjiang river flows beside the Bai Tower. The glamour of flowers notices the spring and Tweetie magpies are happy because of a sunny day. The price of unstrained wine is so low that poor me can have a good drink. Farmers are diligently ploughing and sowing. --[[User:Chen Xiangqiong|Chen Xiangqiong]] ([[User talk:Chen Xiangqiong|talk]]) 01:37, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈心怡 Chén Xīnyí 翻译学 女 202120081481==&lt;br /&gt;
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最喜先期官赋足，经年无吏叩柴荆。”意谓因闻到花香，才知天气已经骤然暖和了。第二十三回和二十八回均引作“花气袭人知昼暖”，将“骤”误为“昼”，可能是曹雪芹误记。​&lt;br /&gt;
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==程杨 Chéng Yáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081482==&lt;br /&gt;
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省(xǐ ng醒)——典出《礼记·曲礼上》：“凡为人子之礼，冬温而夏凊，昏定而晨省。”[凊( jìng净)：凉。]&lt;br /&gt;
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Xing (pronounced xǐng) – canonical originated from ''The Book of Rites • Qu Li'': &amp;quot;The etiquette of being sons is: make his parents feel warm in winter, cool in the summer, serve them to bed at night, and greet them in the morning. [Jing  (pronounced jìng)]--[[User:Cheng Yang|Cheng Yang]] ([[User talk:Cheng Yang|talk]]) 11:27, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==丁旋 Dīng Xuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081483==&lt;br /&gt;
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意谓子女冬天要为父母焐暖被褥，夏天要为父母扇凉床席，每天早上要向父母请安问好，晚上要服侍父母安寝。泛指子女对父母的孝敬无微不至。故“省”即“晨省”的略称。&lt;br /&gt;
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==杜莉娜 Dù Lìnuó 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081484==&lt;br /&gt;
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指子女早晨向父母请安问候的礼节。​&lt;br /&gt;
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第四回 薄命女偏逢薄命郎，葫芦僧判断葫芦案&lt;br /&gt;
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It refers to the politeness children greet their parents in the morning.&lt;br /&gt;
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The Fourth Encountering of Unfortunate Couples;Fool Judge and the Misjudge Case--[[User:Du Lina|Du Lina]] ([[User talk:Du Lina|talk]]) 13:27, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==付红岩 Fù Hóngyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081485==&lt;br /&gt;
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却说黛玉同姐妹们至王夫人处，见王夫人正和兄嫂处的来使计议家务，又说姨母家遭人命官司等语。因见王夫人事情冗杂，姐妹们遂出来 ,至寡嫂李氏房中来了。原来这李氏即贾珠之妻。&lt;br /&gt;
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Mascara Jade Forest, for we shall now return to our story, having come, along with her cousins to Lady King's apartments, found Lady King  discussing certain domestic occurrences with the messengers, who had arrived from her elder brother's wife's home, and conversing also about the case of homicide, in which the family of her mother's sister had become involved, and other such relevant topics. Perceiving how pressing and perplexing were the matters in which Lady King was engaged, the young ladies promptly left her apartments, and came over to the rooms of their widow sister-in-law, Silk Plum.&lt;br /&gt;
This Silk Plum had originally been the spouse of Bead Merchant. --[[User:Fu Shiyu|Fu Shiyu]] ([[User talk:Fu Shiyu|talk]]) 08:30, 29 December 2021 (UTC)--[[User:Fu Shiyu|Fu Shiyu]] ([[User talk:Fu Shiyu|talk]]) 08:30, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==付诗雨 Fù Shīyǔ 日语语言文学 女 202120081486==&lt;br /&gt;
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珠虽夭亡，幸存一子，取名贾兰，今方五岁，已入学攻书。这李氏亦系金陵名宦之女。父名李守中，曾为国子祭酒；族中男女无不读诗书者。&lt;br /&gt;
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Although Bead Merchant had died at an early age, he had the good fortune of leaving behind him a son, to whom the name of Cymbidium Merchant was given. He was, at this period, just in his fifth year, and had already entered school, and applied himself to books. This Silk Plum was also the daughter of an official of note in Gold Mausoleum. Her father's name was Midfielder Plum, who had, at one time, been Imperial Libationer. Among his kindred, men as well as women had all devoted themselves to poetry and letters. --[[User:Fu Shiyu|Fu Shiyu]] ([[User talk:Fu Shiyu|talk]]) 07:24, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Bead Merchant died young. But luckily, she had a son, Cymbidium Merchant, just five and already in school. Her father, Midfielder Plum, a notable of Jinling, had served as a Libationer in the Imperial College. All the sons and daughters of his clan had been devoted to the study of the classics. --[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 10:06, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==高蜜 Gāo Mì 翻译学 女 202120081487==&lt;br /&gt;
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至李守中继续以来，便谓“女子无才便是德”，故生了此女，不曾叫他十分认真读书，只不过将些 《女四书》、 《烈女传》读读，认得几个字，记得前朝这几个贤女便了；&lt;br /&gt;
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When Midfielder Plum became head of the family, however, in the belief that “an unaccomplished woman is a virtuous one,” instead of making his daughter study hard he simply had her taught enough to read a few books such as the ''Four Books for Girls'', ''Biographies of Martyred Women'', and ''Lives of Exemplary Ladies'' so that she might be able to recognize a few characters and be familiar with some of the models of female virtue of former ages; --[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 10:05, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==宫博雅 Gōng Bóyǎ 俄语语言文学 女 202120081488==&lt;br /&gt;
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却以纺绩女红为要，因取名为李纨，字宫裁。所以这李纨虽青春丧偶，且居处于膏粱锦绣之中，竟如槁木死灰一般，一概不问不闻，惟知侍亲养子，闲时陪侍小姑等针黹、诵读而已。&lt;br /&gt;
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She was named Silk Plum and her courtesy name was Gongcai (imperial tailor) because she was hoped to be good at embroidery. Young but widowed, she looked like a dried-up wood, though living in a rich family. She did't ask any questions or wonder anything, but to serve her parents and raise her son, and in her spare time, she read and  embroidered with her sisters-in-law.--[[User:He Qin|He Qin]] ([[User talk:He Qin|talk]]) 03:55, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==何芩 Hé Qín 翻译学 女 202120081489==&lt;br /&gt;
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今黛玉虽客居于此，已有这几个姑嫂相伴，除老父之外，馀者也就无用虑了。如今且说贾雨村授了应天府，一到任，就有件人命官司详至案下，却是两家争买一婢，各不相让，以致殴伤人命。彼时雨村即拘原告来审。&lt;br /&gt;
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Although Mascara Jade was now living here as a guest, she had the company of these couins and sisters-in-law. She had nothing to worry about, except for her old father. Now Rainvillage Merchant was assigned as the officer in the God Promise Mansion. As soon as he arrived, there was a lawsuit for human life on his desk. Two families competed to buy a maid, but neither gave way, resulting in an assault and injury. He then took the plaintiff to trial.--[[User:He Qin|He Qin]] ([[User talk:He Qin|talk]]) 08:41, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==胡舒情 Hú Shūqíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081490==&lt;br /&gt;
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那原告道：“被打死的乃是小人的主人。因那日买了个丫头，不想系拐子拐来卖的。这拐子先已得了我家的银子，我家小主人原说第二日方是好日，再接入门；&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄锦云 Huáng Jǐnyún 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081491==&lt;br /&gt;
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这拐子又悄悄的卖与了薛家，被我们知道了，去找拿卖主，夺取丫头。无奈薛家原系金陵一霸，倚财仗势，众豪奴将我小主人竟打死了。凶身主仆已皆逃走，无有踪迹，只剩了几个局外的人。&lt;br /&gt;
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But this kidnapper stealthily sold her over again to the Hsueeh family. When we came to know of this, we went in search of the seller to lay hold of him, and bring back the girl by force. But the Hsueeh party has been all along the bully of Chin Ling, full of confidence in his wealth and prestige; and his arrogant menials in a body seized our master and beat him to death.The murderous master and his crew have all long ago made good their escape, leaving no trace behind them, while there only remain several parties not concerned in the affair. --[[User:Huang Jinyun|Huang Jinyun]] ([[User talk:Huang Jinyun|talk]]) 13:37, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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But this kidnapper stealthily sold her to the Hsueeh family. When we knew of this, we went in search of the seller to lay hold of him, and brought back the girl by force. But the Hsueeh party has been all along the bully of Chin Ling, full of confidence in his asset and prestige; and his arrogant menials in a body seized our master and beat him to death.The murderous master and his crew have all long ago made good their escape, leaving no trace behind them, while there only remain several people not concerned in the affair. --[[User:Huang Yiyan1|Huang Yiyan1]] ([[User talk:Huang Yiyan1|talk]]) 06:29, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄逸妍 Huáng Yìyán 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081492==&lt;br /&gt;
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小人告了一年的状，竟无人作主。求太老爷拘拿凶犯，以扶善良，存殁感激天恩不尽！”雨村听了，大怒道：“那有这等事：打死人竟白白的走了，拿不来的？”&lt;br /&gt;
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I filed a charge a year ago, but there's no answer. I beg Your Honour to arrest the criminals, punish the evil-doers and help the widow and orphan. Then both the living and the dead will be grateful!&amp;quot; &amp;quot;This is a scandal!&amp;quot; fumed Rainvillage Merchant. &amp;quot;How can men commit a murder and go without punishment?&amp;quot;--[[User:Huang Yiyan1|Huang Yiyan1]] ([[User talk:Huang Yiyan1|talk]]) 06:22, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄柱梁 Huáng Zhùliáng 国别 男 202120081493==&lt;br /&gt;
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便发签差公人，立刻将凶犯家属拿来拷问。只见案旁站着一个门子，使眼色不叫他发签。雨村心下狐疑，只得停了手。He sent a signature to send the official and immediately tortured the family members of the murderer. Seeing a boy page of the court standing by the case, who didn't ask Yucun to sign. Yucun was suspicious and had to stop.--[[User:Huang Zhuliang|Huang Zhuliang]] ([[User talk:Huang Zhuliang|talk]]) 01:45, 26 December 2021 (UTC)Huang Zhuliang&lt;br /&gt;
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He sent a signature to send the official and immediately tortured the family members of the murderer. Seeing a boy page of the court standing by the case, who didn't ask Yucun to sign. Yucun was suspicious and had to stop to do it.--[[User:Jin Xiaotong|Jin Xiaotong]] ([[User talk:Jin Xiaotong|talk]]) 11:17, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==金晓童 Jīn Xiǎotóng  202120081494==&lt;br /&gt;
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退堂至密室，令从人退去，只留这门子一人伏侍。门子忙上前请安，笑问：“老爷一向加官进禄，八九年来，就忘了我了？”&lt;br /&gt;
He retreated to the secret room and ordered everyone to leave the door man alone. The door man is busy forward to ask for his respect, smile to ask: &amp;quot;the master has been adding officials into the salary, eight or nine years, forget me?&amp;quot;--[[User:Jin Xiaotong|Jin Xiaotong]] ([[User talk:Jin Xiaotong|talk]]) 11:20, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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He retreated to the secret room and ordered everyone to leave except for the door man. The door man is busy forward to ask for his respect, smile to ask: &amp;quot;the master has been adding officials into the salary, eight or nine years, forget me?&amp;quot;--[[User:Kuang Yanli|Kuang Yanli]] ([[User talk:Kuang Yanli|talk]]) 01:27, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邝艳丽 Kuàng Yànl 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081495==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村道：“我看你十分眼熟，但一时总想不起来。”门子笑道：“老爷怎么把出身之地竟忘了？老爷不记得当年葫芦庙里的事么？”雨村大惊，方想起往事。&lt;br /&gt;
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Rainvillage Merchant said, “You look so familiar, but I can’t remember you at once.” the door man  laughed, “How could you forget your birthplace, my Master? Do you forget what happened in the Gourd Temple?” After listening, Rainvillage Merchant felt surprised, and the remembered the past.--[[User:Kuang Yanli|Kuang Yanli]] ([[User talk:Kuang Yanli|talk]]) 01:22, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Yue-ts'un said, “You look so familiar, but I can’t remember you at once.” gatekeeper laughed, “How could you forget your birthplace, my Master? Do you forget what happened in the Gourd Temple?” After listening, Yue-ts'un felt surprised, and the remembered the past.--[[User:Li Aixuan|Li Aixuan]] ([[User talk:Li Aixuan|talk]]) 05:51, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李爱璇 Lǐ Àixuán 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081496==&lt;br /&gt;
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原来这门子本是葫芦庙里一个小沙弥，因被火之后无处安身，想这件生意倒还轻省，耐不得寺院凄凉，遂趁年纪轻，蓄了发，充当门子。雨村那里想得是他。&lt;br /&gt;
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It turned out that the gatekeeper was originally a little monk in Bottle-gourd Temple. Because he had no place to settle down after the temple being burned by the fire, he thought this business was easy and could not bear the desolation of the temple. So he saved his hair and acted as a gatekeeper while he was young. Yue-ts'un didn't think it was him.--[[User:Li Aixuan|Li Aixuan]] ([[User talk:Li Aixuan|talk]]) 07:10, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The fact is that this Retainer had been a young monk in the Hu Lu temple, but because of its destruction by fire, he had no place to rest his frame, he remembered how light and easy was, after all, this kind of occupation, and being unable to reconcile himself to the solitude and quiet of a temple, he accordingly availed himself of his years, which were as yet few, to let his hair grow, and become a retainer. Yue-ts'un had had no idea that it was him. --[[User:Li Ruiyang|Li Ruiyang]] ([[User talk:Li Ruiyang|talk]]) 11:03, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李瑞洋 Lǐ Ruìyáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081497==&lt;br /&gt;
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便忙携手笑道：“原来还是故人。”因赏他坐了说话。这门子不敢坐。雨村笑道：“你也算贫贱之交了。此系私室，但坐不妨。”门子才斜签着坐下。&lt;br /&gt;
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Hastily taking his hand, he smilingly said, &amp;quot;You are, indeed, an old acquaintance!&amp;quot; and then pressed him to take a seat, so as to have a chat with more ease, but the Retainer would not presume to sit down. &amp;quot;Friendships,&amp;quot; Yue-ts'un remarked, putting on a smiling expression, &amp;quot;contracted in poor circumstances should not be forgotten! This is a private room, so that if you sat down, what would it matter?&amp;quot; The Retainer thereupon craved permission to take a seat and sat down gingerly.--[[User:Li Ruiyang|Li Ruiyang]] ([[User talk:Li Ruiyang|talk]]) 11:04, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Hastily taking his hand, he smilingly said, &amp;quot;You are, indeed, an old acquaintance!&amp;quot; and then asked him to take a seat, so as to have a further pleasant chat, but the doorman dared not to sit down. &amp;quot;Friendships,&amp;quot; Yue-ts'un remarked, putting on a smiling expression, &amp;quot;contracted in poor circumstances should not be forgotten! This is a private room, so that it would not offend anyone if you just sat down.&amp;quot; The doorman thereupon craved permission to take a seat and sat down gingerly.--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 11:20, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李姗 Lǐ Shān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081498==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村道：“方才何故不令发签？”门子道：“老爷荣任到此，难道就没抄一张本省的‘护官符’来不成？”雨村忙问：“何为‘护官符’？”&lt;br /&gt;
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Chia Yu-tsun asked, &amp;quot;Why did you not grant me the passport just now?&amp;quot; The doorman answered that &amp;quot;Your Excellency, when you are to assume office here, haven't you hold some relations to a guard officer? &amp;quot; Yu-tsun was confused and thus continued, &amp;quot;guard officer?&amp;quot;.--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 13:30, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Chia Yu-tsun asked, &amp;quot;Why did you not grant me the warrant just now?&amp;quot; The doorman answered that &amp;quot;Your Excellency, when you are to assume office here, haven't you hold 'a protection charm' of the province? &amp;quot; Yu-tsun was confused and thus continued, &amp;quot;What's the protection charm?&amp;quot;.--[[User:Li Shuang|Li Shuang]] ([[User talk:Li Shuang|talk]]) 15:58, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李双 Lǐ Shuāng 翻译学 女 202120081499==&lt;br /&gt;
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门子道：“如今凡作地方官的，都有一个私单，上面写的是本省最有权势极富贵的大乡绅名姓，各省皆然。倘若不知，一时触犯了这样的人家，不但官爵，只怕连性命也难保呢！&lt;br /&gt;
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The doorman said: “Nowadays every magistrate has a personal list of the names of the most powerful and wealthy squires in the province. It’s the same in all the provinces. If you don’t do this, you may lose your position even your life once you offend them.”--[[User:Li Shuang|Li Shuang]] ([[User talk:Li Shuang|talk]]) 14:47, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李文璇 Lǐ Wénxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081500==&lt;br /&gt;
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所以叫做‘护官符’。方才所说的这薛家，老爷如何惹得他！他这件官司并无难断之处，从前的官府都因碍着情分脸面，所以如此。”&lt;br /&gt;
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“So it was called “the amulet of protection from the feudal official. The family Xue we talked just now, we can’t offend them, my lord. His lawsuit had no difficulty, however, the former official had trouble in the relationship, thus causing the situation then.”.  --[[User:Li Wenxuan|Li Wenxuan]] ([[User talk:Li Wenxuan|talk]]) 09:46, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
So it's called ‘Guardian Talisman’. The Xue family just said, how did the master provoke him! There is nothing difficult about him in this lawsuit. The previous government officials were obstructed because of their affection, so it was so. &amp;quot;--[[User:Li Wen|Li Wen]] ([[User talk:Li Wen|talk]]) 11:32, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李雯 Lǐ Wén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081501==&lt;br /&gt;
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一面说，一面从顺袋中取出一张抄的“护官符”来，递与雨村看时，上面皆是本地大族名宦之家的俗谚口碑，云：贾不假，白玉为堂金作马。&lt;br /&gt;
On the one hand, while taking out a copy of the &amp;quot;protection charm&amp;quot; from the Shun bag, when it was handed it to Yucun, it was all the common sayings of the family of famous local eunuchs, saying: Jia is not fake, and Bai Yu is the gold of the house. Be a horse.--[[User:Li Wen|Li Wen]] ([[User talk:Li Wen|talk]]) 11:31, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李新星 Lǐ Xīnxīng 亚非语言文学 女 202120081503==&lt;br /&gt;
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阿房宫，三百里，住不下金陵一个史。东海缺少白玉床，龙王来请金陵王。丰年好大雪，珍珠如土金如铁。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李怡 Lǐ Yí 法语语言文学 女 202120081504==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村尚未看完，忽闻传点，报：“王老爷来拜。”雨村忙具衣冠接迎，有顿饭工夫，方回来问这门子。门子道：“四家皆连络有亲，一损俱损，一荣俱荣。&lt;br /&gt;
Yucun has not finished reading, suddenly smell spread point, report: &amp;quot;Wang master came to visit.&amp;quot; Yucun hurriedly arranged his clothes to meet him and had a meal before he came back to ask about it. Siemens way: &amp;quot;the four are connected to have relatives, a failure other destroyed, a glory other glory.--[[User:Li Yi|Li Yi]] ([[User talk:Li Yi|talk]]) 06:45, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Yucun has not finished reading, but suddenly heard from the messenger saying : &amp;quot;Wang master come to visit.&amp;quot; Yucun hurriedly arranged his clothes to welcome him. Only after a meal did he come back to ask Menzi, who said: &amp;quot;the four families are closely connected, so do their  honor and failure.--[[User:Liu Peiting|Liu Peiting]] ([[User talk:Liu Peiting|talk]]) 07:12, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘沛婷 Liú Pèitíng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081505==&lt;br /&gt;
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今告打死人之薛，就是‘丰年大雪’之薛。不单靠这三家，他的世交亲友在都在外的本也不少，老爷如今拿谁去？”雨村听说，便笑问门子道：“这样说来，却怎么了结此案？&lt;br /&gt;
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The xue of killing people is the xue of 'heavy snow in the year of plenty'. He has not only these three families, but also many family friends and relatives who are away from home. Who are you going to take now?&amp;quot; Rain village heard, then smiled and asked Siemens way: &amp;quot;So say, but how to settle the case?--[[User:Liu Peiting|Liu Peiting]] ([[User talk:Liu Peiting|talk]]) 07:05, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘胜楠 Liú Shèngnán 翻译学 女 202120081506==&lt;br /&gt;
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你大约也深知这凶犯躲的方向了？”门子笑道：“不瞒老爷说，不但这凶犯躲的方向，并这拐的人我也知道，死鬼买主也深知道，待我细说与老爷听：&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘薇 Liú Wēi 国别 女 202120081507==&lt;br /&gt;
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这个被打死的是一个小乡宦之子，名唤冯渊，父母俱亡，又无兄弟，守着些薄产度日。年纪十八九岁，酷爱男风，不好女色。这也是前生冤孽，可巧遇见这丫头，他便一眼看上了，立意买来作妾，设誓不近男色，也不再娶第二个了。&lt;br /&gt;
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The man who was killed was the son of a small township official, named Feng Yuan. His parents died and had no brothers. He lived on a low income. He is eighteen or nine years old. He loves men and is not good at women. This is also an injustice in his previous life. But when he happened to meet this girl, he took a fancy to it and decided to buy it as a concubine. He swore that he would not be close to a man and would not marry a second one.  --[[User:Liu Wei|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei|talk]]) 05:38, 27 December 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei&lt;br /&gt;
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The man who was killed, was the son of one of the minor local gentry, named Feng Yuan. Both his parents died and he had no brother, living on his small property. With an age of eighteen or nineteen he was a confirmed queer and took no interest in women. But then, as the entanglements in a former life, he ran into this girl and fell for her and made up his mind to buy her for his concubine. He swore to have no more to do with men and to marry no other wife.--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 13:41, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘晓 Liú Xiǎo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081508==&lt;br /&gt;
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所以郑重其事，必得三日后方进门。谁知这拐子又偷卖与薛家，他意欲卷了两家的银子逃去；谁知又走不脱，两家拿住，打了个半死，都不肯收银，各要领人。&lt;br /&gt;
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So he insisted on her entering the house three days later. Who could know that the kidnapper sell her on the sly to the Xues to abscond with the payment from both? However, before he could run, they nabbed him and beat him, leaving him half dead. Both refused to take back their money -- both wanted the girl.--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 13:35, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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So he had to wait three days before he could enter the house. Who would have thought that this trafficker would secretly sell to the Xue family again? He tried to escape with the money from both families.However, before he could run, they nabbed him and beat him, leaving him half dead. Both refused to take back their money -- both wanted the girl.--[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 00:44, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘越 Liú Yuè 亚非语言文学 女 202120081509==&lt;br /&gt;
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那薛公子便喝令下人动手，将冯公子打了个稀烂，抬回去三日竟死了。这薛公子原择下日子要上京的，既打了人，夺了丫头，他便没事人一般，只管带了家眷走他的路，并非为此而逃；&lt;br /&gt;
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He then rudely ordered his subordinates to do something about it, and beat Feng up so badly that he was carried home and died within three days. The Duke of Xue had intended to go to the capital in a few days, and since he had beaten and robbed the maid, he acted as if nothing had happened, and simply took his family away, not because of this escape;--[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 06:59, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘运心 Liú Yùnxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081510==&lt;br /&gt;
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这人命些些小事，自有他弟兄、奴仆在此料理。这且别说，老爷可知这被卖的丫头是谁？”雨村道：“我如何晓得？”门子冷笑道：“这人还是老爷的大恩人呢！&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗安怡 Luó Ānyí 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081511==&lt;br /&gt;
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他就是葫芦庙旁住的甄老爷的女儿，小名英莲的。”雨村骇然道：“原来是他！听见他自五岁被人拐去，怎么如今才卖呢？”门子道：“这种拐子单拐幼女，养至十二三岁，带至他乡转卖。&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗曦 Luó Xī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081512==&lt;br /&gt;
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当日这英莲，我们天天哄他玩耍，极相熟的，所以隔了七八年，虽模样儿出脱的齐整，然大段未改，所以认得；且他眉心中原有米粒大的一点胭脂记，从胎里带来的。&lt;br /&gt;
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When Yinglian was a little girl, we played with her every day and were very familiar with each other. Her appearance didn’t change a lot after seven or eight years though she has grown prettier than before, so we still remembered her; besides, her eyebrows came to a little carmine point (the size of a grain of rice) in the middle, which was the birthmark.--[[User:Ma Xin|Ma Xin]] ([[User talk:Ma Xin|talk]]) 05:53, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==马新 Mǎ Xīn 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081513==&lt;br /&gt;
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偏这拐子又租了我的房子居住，那日拐子不在家，我也曾问他。他说是打怕了的，万不敢说，只说拐子是他的亲爹，因无钱还债才卖的。再四哄他，他又哭了，只说：‘我原不记得小时的事。’&lt;br /&gt;
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The trafficker had rented my house to live in by coincidence. I had ever asked her one day when the trafficker was not at home. She said that she dared not to say anything after being attacked for a long time, and only answered that he was her father who sold her to pay off the debts. By coaxing her for several times, she cried again and said that &amp;quot;I don’t remember what happened when I was a child&amp;quot;.--[[User:Ma Xin|Ma Xin]] ([[User talk:Ma Xin|talk]]) 07:14, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The kidnapper just happened to rent the houses from me. One day, when he was not at home, I asked her about such a thing. She told me that she was afraid to say anything after being beaten so much; she only insisted that he was her father who sold her to pay off his debts. When I tried repeatedly to coax it out of her, she burst into tears and said that 'I do not remember what happened in my childhood.'--[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 08:29, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛雅文 Máo Yǎwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081514==&lt;br /&gt;
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这无可疑了。那日冯公子相见了，兑了银子，因拐子醉了，英莲自叹说：‘我今日罪孽可满了！’后又听见三日后才过门，他又转有忧愁之态。&lt;br /&gt;
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There is not doubt that the girl who was carried off by the kidnapper is Yinglian all right. The day when Feng Yuan met her and paid down his silver, the kidnapper had got drunk. And then, Yinglian sighed, 'I am overwhelmed by my sins today!' However, her gloom started deepening again, when she heard that Feng Yuan would not be coming and picking her up for three days.--[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 08:14, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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There is not doubt that the girl who was carried off by the kidnapper is Yinglian all right. The day when Feng Yuan met her and paid down his silver, the kidnapper had got drunk. And then, Yinglian sighed, 'I am overwhelmed by my sins today!'Later, she heard that it would be three days before Mr. Feng would marry her, and again she turned sad.--[[User:Mao You|Mao You]] ([[User talk:Mao You|talk]]) 16:27, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛优 Máo Yōu 俄语语言文学 女 202120081515==&lt;br /&gt;
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我又不忍，等拐子出去，又叫内人去解劝他：‘这冯公子必待好日期来接，可知必不以丫鬟相看。况他是个绝风流人品，家里颇过得，素性又最厌恶堂客，今竟破价买你，后事不言可知。&lt;br /&gt;
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I could not bear it, so I waited for the kidnapper to go out, and asked my wife to go and persuade him: 'Mr. Feng must be waiting for a good date to come and take you, so I know that he would never look at you as a maid. Besides, he is a man of great elegance, and his family is well off.He has always hated parishioners, but now he has gone so far as to buy you at a price that it is easy to tell what will happen.--[[User:Mao You|Mao You]] ([[User talk:Mao You|talk]]) 16:24, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I could not bear it, so I waited for the kidnapper to go out, and asked my wife to persuade him: “Mr. Feng must be waiting for a good date to come and take you, so I know that he would never look at you as a maid. Besides, he is a man of great elegance, and his family is well off. He has always hated women, but now he has gone so far as to buy you at such a price that it is easy to tell what will happen.”--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 03:22, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==牟一心 Móu Yīxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081516==&lt;br /&gt;
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只耐得三两日，何必忧闷？’他听如此说，方略解些，自谓从此得所。谁料天下竟有不如意事，第二日，他偏又卖与了薛家。&lt;br /&gt;
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Only for three or two days, why bother to be depressed? Hearing this, he relieved a little bit, saying that he would get a place to settle since then. Unexpectedly, everything is never perfect. On the next day, he was sold to the Marshgrass.--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 07:13, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==彭瑞雪 Péng Ruìxuě 法语语言文学 女 202120081517==&lt;br /&gt;
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若卖与第二家还好，这薛公子的混名，人称他‘呆霸王’，最是天下第一个弄性尚气的人，而且使钱如土。只打了个落花流水，生拖死拽，把个英莲拖去，如今也不知死活。&lt;br /&gt;
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It would be better if  Wiselotus Potterymaker was sold to the second person. The inflame of Dragon Marshgrass who was called Dull Overlord was the most capricious man in the world and spent money like the earth. He fought with those people who shanghaied Wiselotus Potterymaker, and scrambled for Wiselotus whose life was not assured.--[[User:Qing Jianan|Qing Jianan]] ([[User talk:Qing Jianan|talk]]) 07:44, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==秦建安 Qín Jiànān 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081518==&lt;br /&gt;
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这冯公子空喜一场，一念未遂，反花了钱，送了命，岂不可叹！”雨村听了，也叹道：“这也是他们的孽障遭遇，亦非偶然，不然这冯渊如何偏只看上了这英莲？&lt;br /&gt;
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“Feng Yuan dreamed of happiness, but instead of finding it he lost his life. What a pity!” Rain Village Merchant heard it and signed: “ that is also their evil encounter which is not a coincidence. Otherwise, Feng Yuan only had a crush on Ying Liam?”--[[User:Qing Jianan|Qing Jianan]] ([[User talk:Qing Jianan|talk]]) 07:35, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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“Mr. Feng’s dream stamped in the dust, but not only did the wish not come true, but it also cost a lot of money and even lose his life. What a pity!” Rain Village Merchant heard it and signed: “ that is also their evil encounter which is not a coincidence. Otherwise, Feng Yuan only had a crush on Pity Zhen?”--[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 08:37, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邱婷婷 Qiū Tíngtíng 英语语言文学（语言学）女 202120081519==&lt;br /&gt;
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这英莲受了拐子这几年折磨，才得了个路头，且又是个多情的，若果聚合了，倒是件美事，偏又生出这段事来。这薛家纵比冯家富贵，想其为人，自然姬妾众多，淫佚无度，未必及冯渊定情于一人。&lt;br /&gt;
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Finally, Pity Zhen could  get rid of the miserable life after being tortured by the trafficker for so many years. As Xue Pan is an amorous person, it would be a good thing if she could marry to him. However, such an unexpected thing deliberately happened. Even if the Xue family is richer than the Feng family, but think of his moral quality, he must be a man with many concubines and indulge himself in a luxury and incontinent life. In addition, He may not be devoted to only one person as Feng Yuan would do.--[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 07:55, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Pity Zhen has been tortured by human traffickers for several years before she can finally get rid of it. Although Dragon Marshgrass is an amorous person, it would be a good thing if she could marry and tie the knot. However, such an unbelievable thing deliberately happened. Even if the Xue family is richer than the Feng family, it's normal to think of him as a man with many concubines. He is lost without measure. He may not be devoted to one person as Feng Yuan does.--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 14:35, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==饶金盈 Ráo Jīnyíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081520==&lt;br /&gt;
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这正是梦幻情缘，恰遇见一对薄命儿女。且不要议论他人，只目今这官司如何剖断才好？”门子笑道：“老爷当年何其明决，今日何反成个没主意的人了？&lt;br /&gt;
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It is exactly the love of dream, coincidentally to be a pair of ill-fated couple. Not to mention other things, but how should we judge this case today?&amp;quot; The servant said with a smile, &amp;quot;Your Lordship was so clear and decisive back then, why are you so hesitant and irresolute now?&amp;quot;--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 14:28, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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It should be the love of dream, only to be an ill-fated couple. Don’t talk about others for the moment. It’s crucial that this case be judged properly.” The servant said with a smile, “ how decisive you were in those days. Why are you so irresolute at the present ?”--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 07:31, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==石丽青 Shí Lìqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081521==&lt;br /&gt;
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小的听见老爷补升此任，系贾府、王府之力。此薛蟠即贾府之亲，老爷何不顺水行舟，做个人情，将此案了结，日后也好去见贾、王二公。”&lt;br /&gt;
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I heard that you assumed office with the help of Merchant Mansion and King Mansion. Dragon Marshgrass is a relative of Merchant Mansion. Why don’t you do him a special favor, making use of the opportunity to settle the case, so that you can make a smooth explanation to Master Merchant and Master King in days to come.”--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 07:03, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I heard that you got a promotion additionally  with the help of Jia Mansion and Wang Mansion. Dragon Marshgrass is a relative of Jia Mansion. Why don’t you do him a special favor, making use of the opportunity to settle the case, so that you can make a smooth explanation to master Jia and Wang in days to come.”--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 05:42, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;Insert non-formatted text here&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==孙雅诗 Sūn Yǎshī 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081522==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村道：“你说的何尝不是，但事关人命，蒙皇上隆恩，起复委用，正竭力图报之时，岂可因私枉法？是实不忍为的。”门子听了，冷笑道：&lt;br /&gt;
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Yucun says: &amp;quot; What you said is right, but it is a matter of people's lives.I am so grateful that the emperor can appoint me. It's the time when I need to try my best to reward.Should I ignore the law for personal gain? It is really unbearable.&amp;quot;The doorman listened, and said with a sneer:--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 05:38, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Rain Village Merchant said:&amp;quot; What you said is right, but it is a matter of life. I am so grateful that the emperor can restore me to the commission. It's the time when I need to try my best to repay it, how can I ignore the law for personal gain? It is really unbearable.&amp;quot; Hearing this, the doorman said with a sneer: --[[User:Wang Lifei|Wang Lifei]] ([[User talk:Wang Lifei|talk]]) 07:51, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王李菲 Wáng Lǐfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081523==&lt;br /&gt;
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“老爷说的自是正理，但如今世上是行不去的。岂不闻古人说的：‘大丈夫相时而动。’又说：‘趋吉避凶者为君子。’依老爷这话，不但不能报效朝廷，亦且自身不保，还要三思为妥。”&lt;br /&gt;
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“What lord said is reasonable, but it is unfeasible in the current world. Have you not heard what the ancients said:’ A real man can take action according to the specific situation’, and ‘The one who can avoid calamity and bring on good fortune is a gentleman.’ According to lord’s words, you not only can’t serve the court, but also can’t protect yourself. You’d better think it over. ‘ --[[User:Wang Lifei|Wang Lifei]] ([[User talk:Wang Lifei|talk]]) 15:40, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王逸凡 Wáng Yìfán 亚非语言文学 女 202120081524==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村低了头，半日方说道：“依你怎么着？”门子道：“小人已想了个很好的主意在此：老爷明日坐堂，只管虚张声势，动文书，发签拿人。&lt;br /&gt;
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==王镇隆 Wáng Zhènlóng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 男 202120081525==&lt;br /&gt;
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凶犯自然是拿不来的，原告固是不依，只用将薛家族人及奴仆人等拿几个来拷问；小的在暗中调停，令他们报个‘暴病身亡’，合族中及地方上共递一张保呈。&lt;br /&gt;
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Naturally, the murderer could not get it. The plaintiff did not follow it. He only took a few of the Xue family and slave servants to torture them; The small ones were secretly mediating, so that they reported a &amp;quot;violent illness&amp;quot; and a joint guarantee was handed over to the middle and local communities.--[[User:Wang Zhenlong|Wang Zhenlong]] ([[User talk:Wang Zhenlong|talk]]) 11:25, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The murderer could not get it. The plaintiff did not follow it. He only took a few of Xue family and slave servants to torture them; I was secretly mediating, so that they reported a &amp;quot;violent illness&amp;quot; and a joint guarantee was handed over by close family and local community.--[[User:Wei Yiwen|Wei Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Wei Yiwen|talk]]) 08:45, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==卫怡雯 Wèi Yíwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081526==&lt;br /&gt;
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老爷只说善能扶鸾请仙，堂上设了乩坛，令军民人等只管来看。老爷便说：‘乩仙批了，死者冯渊与薛蟠原系夙孽，今犯狭路相遇，原应了结：&lt;br /&gt;
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The lord requested to set out the altar in order to invite immortals to come, and let the military and people to come to see. The lord then said that after coscinomancy finished, the dead Feng Yuan and Dragon Marshgrass should have come to an end because they used to be long-standing and are bound to meet head-on on a narrow road.--[[User:Wei Yiwen|Wei Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Wei Yiwen|talk]]) 14:46, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏楚璇 Wèi Chǔxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081527==&lt;br /&gt;
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今薛蟠已得了无名之病，被冯渊的魂魄追索而死。其祸皆由拐子而起，除将拐子按法处治外，馀不累及’等语。小人暗中嘱咐拐子，令其实招。&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏兆妍 Wèi Zhàoyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081528==&lt;br /&gt;
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众人见乩仙批语与拐子相符，自然不疑了。薛家有的是钱，老爷断一千也可，五百也可，与冯家作烧埋之费。那冯家也无甚要紧的人，不过为的是钱，有了银子，也就无话了。&lt;br /&gt;
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The crowed had no doubt after they saw the remarks of divinities in accordance with the trickster. The Xues had plenty of money, the Lord could give one thousand Yang yuan, or five hundred, to the Fengs for funeral expenses.There was no one of special importance in the Fengs, all they wanted was just the money. Having received the money, they wouldn't say anything more.--[[User:Wei Zhaoyan|Wei Zhaoyan]] ([[User talk:Wei Zhaoyan|talk]]) 14:25, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The people had no doubt after seeing the remarks of divinities in accordance with the trickster. The Xues had plenty of money, the Lord could give one thousand yuan, or five hundred, to the Fengs for funeral expenses.There was no one of special importance in the Fengs, all they wanted was just the money. Having received the money, they wouldn't say anything more. --[[User:Wu Jingyue|Wu Jingyue]] ([[User talk:Wu Jingyue|talk]]) 14:44, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴婧悦 Wú Jìngyuè 俄语语言文学 女 202120081529==&lt;br /&gt;
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老爷细想，此计如何？”雨村笑道：“不妥，不妥。等我再斟酌斟酌，压服得口声才好。”二人计议已定。至次日坐堂，勾取一干有名人犯，雨村详加审问。&lt;br /&gt;
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The lord thought carefully, and asked how about this plan? Rainvillage Merchant laughed and said: “ It’s not the right way, it’s not the right way. Let me think the matter over, the plan should be convinced by all the others.” Then they confirmed the plan. At tomorrow’s  court session, convening all criminals, whose name was known, Rainvillage Merchant questioned them seriously. --[[User:Wu Jingyue|Wu Jingyue]] ([[User talk:Wu Jingyue|talk]]) 14:31, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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What about this plan, Master?&amp;quot; Yu Cun laughed, &amp;quot;No, it's not good. I'll have to think about it again, so that I can convince them.&amp;quot; The two of them agreed on a plan. The next day they sat in the courtroom and took a number of famous criminals, and Yu Cun interrogated them in detail.--[[User:Wu Yinghong|Wu Yinghong]] ([[User talk:Wu Yinghong|talk]]) 08:24, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴映红 Wú Yìnghóng 日语语言文学 女 202120081530==&lt;br /&gt;
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果见冯家人口稀少，不过赖此欲得些烧埋之银；薛家仗势倚情，偏不相让：故致颠倒未决。雨村便徇情枉法，胡乱判断了此案。&lt;br /&gt;
The Feng family, with a small population, wanted to get some silver to burn and bury, but the Xue family, relying on their power and affection, did not give in: so the case was reversed. The Yu Cun family then bent the law and judged the case haphazardly.&lt;br /&gt;
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Seeing  Feng with such a small population, they wanted to get some silver to burn and bury, but the Xue, relying on their power and affection, did not give in: so the case was reversed. Rain Village then bent the law and judged the case haphazardly.--[[User:Xiao Yiyao|Xiao Yiyao]] ([[User talk:Xiao Yiyao|talk]]) 09:01, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531==&lt;br /&gt;
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冯家得了许多烧埋银子，也就无甚话说了。雨村便疾忙修书二封与贾政并京营节度使王子腾，不过说“令甥之事已完，不必过虑”之言寄去。&lt;br /&gt;
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The Feng family got a lot of buried silver and had nothing to say. Rain village will quickly repair two letters and Master Merchant and Soar King,and said &amp;quot;nephew has finished, do not have to worry about&amp;quot; words to send.--[[User:Xiao Yiyao|Xiao Yiyao]] ([[User talk:Xiao Yiyao|talk]]) 10:25, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The Feng family got a lot of buried silver and had nothing to say. Rain village will quickly repair two letters to Master Merchant and Soar King, and said &amp;quot;things about your nephew has been finished, do not need to worry about&amp;quot; words to send.--[[User:Xie Jiafen|Xie Jiafen]] ([[User talk:Xie Jiafen|talk]]) 11:28, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532==&lt;br /&gt;
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此事皆由葫芦庙内沙弥新门子所为，雨村又恐他对人说出当日贫贱时事来，因此心中大不乐意。后来到底寻了他一个不是，远远的充发了才罢。当下言不着雨村。&lt;br /&gt;
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It was all done by a novice monk Xinmenzi in Gourd Temple. Yucun was afraid that he would tell people about the awful current affairs of that day, so he was very unsatisfied. Later, Yucan pick holes in him , and banished him far away. Now, there was no one talking about bad things about Yucun.--[[User:Xie Jiafen|Xie Jiafen]] ([[User talk:Xie Jiafen|talk]]) 14:05, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢庆琳 Xiè Qìnglín 俄语语言文学 女 202120081533==&lt;br /&gt;
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且说那买了英莲、打死冯渊的薛公子，亦系金陵人氏，本是书香继世之家。只是如今这薛公子幼年丧父，寡母又怜他是个独根孤种，未免溺爱纵容些，遂致老大无成；&lt;br /&gt;
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==熊敏 Xióng Mǐn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081534==&lt;br /&gt;
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且家中有百万之富，现领着内帑钱粮，采办杂料。这薛公子学名薛蟠，表字文起，性情奢侈，言语傲慢；虽也上过学，不过略识几个字，终日惟有斗鸡走马，游山玩景而已。&lt;br /&gt;
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In addition, there are countless money in the family, and now people are taking the domestic money and food to purchase stuffs. The Mr. Xue so-called Dragon Marshgrass, is entitled as Wenqi with extravagant temperament and arrogant speech. Although he has also gone to school, but he knows a few words, he only like fighting cock walking around the mountains and enjoying the scenery all day long.&lt;br /&gt;
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In addition, there are countless money in the family, and now people are taking the domestic money and food to purchase stuffs. Mr.Xue, whose name is Dragon Marshgrass, is entitled as Wenqi with extravagant temperament and arrogant speech. Although he has also gone to school, he knows a few words, he only like fighting cock walking around the mountains and enjoying the scenery all day long.--[[User:Xu Minyun|Xu Minyun]] ([[User talk:Xu Minyun|talk]]) 11:21, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==徐敏赟 Xú Mǐnyūn 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 男 202120081535==&lt;br /&gt;
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虽是皇商，一应经纪世事全然不知，不过赖祖、父旧日的情分，户部挂个虚名，支领钱粮；其馀事体，自有伙计、老家人等措办。&lt;br /&gt;
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Although he was a royal merchant, he knew nothing about economics. However, due to the old affection of his grandfathers and fathers, he was given a virtual position in Board of Revenue to received money and grain, and the rest of affairs were handled by his clerks and old family members.--[[User:Xu Minyun|Xu Minyun]] ([[User talk:Xu Minyun|talk]]) 09:43, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Although he was a royal merchant, he knew nothing about economics. However, due to the old affection of his ancestors and his father, he was given a virtual position in Board of Revenue to received money and grain, and the rest of affairs were handled by his clerks and old family members.--[[User:Yan Jing|Yan Jing]] ([[User talk:Yan Jing|talk]]) 11:08, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜静 Yán Jìng 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 女 202120081536==&lt;br /&gt;
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寡母王氏，乃现任京营节度使王子腾之妹，与荣国府贾政的夫人王氏是一母所生的姊妹，今年方五十上下，只有薛蟠一子。还有一女，比薛蟠小两岁，乳名宝钗，生得肌骨莹润，举止娴雅。&lt;br /&gt;
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Wang, the widowed mother, is the sister of Wang Ziteng, the current governor of Jingying Festival and the sister of Wang, the wife of Jia Zheng in the Rongguo mansion. This year, she is about 50, and has only a son Xue Pan. Besides, she has a daughter, whose milk name is Bao Chai, two years younger than Xue Pan. Bao Chai has beautiful body and behave elegantly .&lt;br /&gt;
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Besides, she has a daughter, whose small name is Bao Chai, two years younger than Xue Pan.--[[User:Yan Lili|Yan Lili]] ([[User talk:Yan Lili|talk]]) 06:50, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜莉莉 Yán Lìlì 国别 女 202120081537==&lt;br /&gt;
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当时他父亲在日极爱此女，令其读书识字，较之乃兄竟高十倍。自父亲死后，见哥哥不能安慰母心，他便不以书字为念，只留心针黹、家计等事，好为母亲分忧代劳。&lt;br /&gt;
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His father had been so fond of her that he had sent her to read ten times better than her brother. Seeing that her brother could not pacify her mother after her father's death, she stopped thinking about reading and only cared about needle-work and family livelihood in order to share her mother's cares and duties.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Yan Lili|Yan Lili]] ([[User talk:Yan Lili|talk]]) 06:49, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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ever since her father's death, that her brother could not appease the anguish of her mother's heart, she at once dispelled all thoughts of books. and gave her sole mind to needlework, to the menage and other such concerns, so as to be able to participate in her mother's sorrow, and to bear the fatigue in lieu of her.--[[User:Yan Zihan|Yan Zihan]] ([[User talk:Yan Zihan|talk]]) 10:41, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜子涵 Yán Zǐhán 国别 女 202120081538==&lt;br /&gt;
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近因今上崇尚诗礼，征采才能，降不世之隆恩，除聘选妃嫔外，凡世宦名家之女，皆得亲名达部，以备选择为公主、郡主入学陪侍，充为才人、赞善之职。&lt;br /&gt;
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Recently, the Emperor in order to respect culture, promote etiquette and explore talents, in addition to selecting good wives and mothers to serve the emperor, the daughters of families of hereditary official status and renown were without exception, reported by name to the authorities, and communicated to the Board,in anticipation of the selection for maids in waiting to the Imperial Princesses and daughters of Imperial Princes in their studies, become “Cairen, Zanshan”.--[[User:Yan Zihan|Yan Zihan]] ([[User talk:Yan Zihan|talk]]) 10:37, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Recently, in order to respect culture, promote etiquette and explore talents,the Emperor held learning and propriety in high esteem, in addition to selecting consorts and ladies-in-waiting, , the daughters of families of hereditary official status and renown were without exception, reported by name to the authorities, and communicated to the Board,in anticipation of the selection for maids in waiting to the Imperial Princesses and daughters of Imperial Princes in their studies, become “Cairen, Zanshan”.--[[User:Yang Jiaying|Yang Jiaying]] ([[User talk:Yang Jiaying|talk]]) 07:54, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==阳佳颖 Yáng Jiāyǐng 国别 女 202120081540==&lt;br /&gt;
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自薛蟠父亲死后，各省中所有的买卖承局、总管、伙计人等，见薛蟠年轻不谙世事，便趁时拐骗起来，京都几处生意，渐亦销耗。&lt;br /&gt;
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Ever since the death of Dragon Marshgrass's father， all the assistants， managers and partners， and other employees in the respective provinces， perceiving how youthful and inexperienced Dragon Marshgrass was in years， readily availed themselves of the time to begin swindling and defrauding. As a result, The business， carried on in various different places in the capital，gradually also began to fall off and to show a deficit.--[[User:Yang Jiaying|Yang Jiaying]] ([[User talk:Yang Jiaying|talk]]) 08:33, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨爱江 Yáng Àijiāng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081541==&lt;br /&gt;
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薛蟠素闻得都中乃第一繁华之地，正思一游，便趁此机会：一来送妹待选；二来望亲；三来亲自入部销算旧账，再计新支；其实只为游览上国风光之意。&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨堃 Yáng Kūn 法语语言文学 女 202120081542==&lt;br /&gt;
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因此早已检点下行装细软，以及馈送亲友各色土物人情等类，正择日起身，不想偏遇着那拐子卖英莲。薛蟠见英莲生的不俗，立意买了作妾，又遇冯家来夺，因恃强喝令豪奴将冯渊打死。&lt;br /&gt;
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Dragon Marshgrass, therefore, has already checked his luggage and jewelry, and also has prepared the local specialty and gifts to his relatives and friends. He was going to set out on another day. Unexpectedly, he met the human trafficker selling Pity Zhen. Seeing that Pity Zhen was pretty, Dragon Marshgrass decided to buy her as a concubine. But he was also robbed by the family Feng,so he ordered a slave to kill Feng Yuan.--[[User:Yang Kun|Yang Kun]] ([[User talk:Yang Kun|talk]]) 04:05, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨柳青 Yáng Liǔqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081543==&lt;br /&gt;
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便将家中事务，一一嘱托了族中人并几个老家人；自己同着母亲、妹子，竟自起身长行去了。人命官司，他却视为儿戏，自谓花上几个钱，没有不了的。&lt;br /&gt;
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Dragon Marshgrass entrusted the household affairs to the clan middleman and old family members. Then he just went away with his mother and sister. He should deem the affair of murder as a trifling matter and believed it could be easily solved through money.--[[User:Yang Liuqing|Yang Liuqing]] ([[User talk:Yang Liuqing|talk]]) 12:31, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Then he has entrusted the household affairs to his clans and some from his hometown. While he himself just went away with his mother and sister. He deemed the affair of life and death as nothing and believed that nothing can't be handled by money.--[[User:Ye Weijie|Ye Weijie]] ([[User talk:Ye Weijie|talk]]) 04:41, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==叶维杰 Yè Wéijié 国别 男 202120081544==&lt;br /&gt;
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在路不计其日。那日已将入都，又听见母舅王子腾升了九省统制，奉旨出都查边。薛蟠心中暗喜道：“我正愁进京去有舅舅管辖，不能任意挥霍；如今升出去，可知天从人愿。”&lt;br /&gt;
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No time is counted when on the journey. That day he was about to enter the capital, and heard that mother-uncle Wang Ziten was promoted military commander and ordered to leave the capital to guard the border. Xue Pan merrily thought:&amp;quot; I'm just worried that I can't do whatever I want under uncle's jurisdiction, now he's promoted and about to leave, great! How lucky I am!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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No time is counted when on the journey. That day he was about to enter the capital, and heard that maternal uncle Soar King promoted to nine provinces, by decree out of the capital to check the border.Dragon Marshgrass heart secretly happy: &amp;quot; I was worried about going to the capital to have uncle's jurisdiction, can not be arbitrary spending; now promoted out, I know God from the wishes of man. &amp;quot;--[[User:Yi Yangfan|Yi Yangfan]] ([[User talk:Yi Yangfan|talk]]) 05:15, 29 December 2021 (UTC)Yi Yangfan&lt;br /&gt;
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==易扬帆 Yì Yángfān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081545==&lt;br /&gt;
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因和母亲商议道：“咱们京中虽有几处房舍，只是这十来年没人居住，那看守的人未免偷着租赁给人住，须得先着人去打扫收拾才好。”他母亲道：“何必如此招摇？”&lt;br /&gt;
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So he discussed with his mother, &amp;quot;Although we have a few premises in the capital, no one has lived there for ten years, the guards may sneakily rent to people to live, we must first ask someone to clean and tidy up.&amp;quot; His mother said, &amp;quot;Why do you have to be so flashy? &amp;quot;--[[User:Yi Yangfan|Yi Yangfan]] ([[User talk:Yi Yangfan|talk]]) 09:23, 25 December 2021 (UTC)Yi Yangfan&lt;br /&gt;
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So he discussed with his mother, &amp;quot;Although we have a few houses in the capital, no one has lived there for ten years. The guards may sneakily rent the house to other people, so we must first send someone to tidy up the house. His mother said, &amp;quot;Why do you have to be so flashy? &amp;quot;--[[User:Yin Huizhen|Yin Huizhen]] ([[User talk:Yin Huizhen|talk]]) 13:50, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷慧珍 Yīn Huìzhēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081546==&lt;br /&gt;
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咱们这进京去，原是先拜望亲友，或是在你舅舅处，或是你姨父家，他两家的房舍极是宽敞的，咱们且住下，再慢慢儿的着人去收拾，岂不消停些？”&lt;br /&gt;
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Now we go to the capital Beijing,  and we should visit our relatives first. Your uncle‘s or your aunt‘s husband’s house are good choices, and their houses are very spacious. Let's stay there for a while and then send someone to clean up the house，and it will be more inconspicuous.--[[User:Yin Huizhen|Yin Huizhen]] ([[User talk:Yin Huizhen|talk]]) 13:38, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷美达 Yīn Měidá 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081547==&lt;br /&gt;
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薛蟠道：“如今舅舅正升了外省去，家里自然忙乱起身，咱们这会子反一窝一拖的奔了去，岂不没眼色呢？”他母亲道：“你舅舅虽升了去，还有你姨父家。&lt;br /&gt;
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==尹媛 Yǐn Yuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081548==&lt;br /&gt;
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况这几年来，你舅舅、姨娘两处，每每带信捎书接咱们来；如今既来了，你舅舅虽忙着起身，你贾家的姨娘未必不苦留我们，咱们且忙忙的收拾房子，岂不使人见怪？你的意思，我早知道了：&lt;br /&gt;
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In the past few years, your uncle and aunt have often sent us letters to bring us here. Now that we have come, although your uncle is busy, Merchant's aunt may &lt;br /&gt;
try leaving us, we are busy making up the house, won't make people mind? I have already know what you mean: --[[User:Yin Yuan|Yin Yuan]] ([[User talk:Yin Yuan|talk]]) 05:28, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==詹若萱 Zhān Ruòxuān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081549==&lt;br /&gt;
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守着舅舅、姨母住着，未免拘紧了；不如各自住着，好任意施为。你既如此，你自去挑所宅子去住；我和你姨娘，姊妹们别了这几年，却要住几日，我带了你妹子去投你姨娘家去。你道好不好？”&lt;br /&gt;
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==张秋怡 Zhāng Qiūyí 亚非语言文学 女 202120081550==&lt;br /&gt;
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薛蟠见母亲如此说，情知扭不过，只得吩咐人夫，一路奔荣国府而来。那时王夫人已知薛蟠官司一事，亏贾雨村就中维持了，才放了心。&lt;br /&gt;
Dragon Marshgrass saw his mother said so, I know that the twist can not, only to order the husband, all the way to the Rongguo House and come. At that time, Lady King knew that Dragon Marshgrass lawsuit, thanks to Rainvillage Merchant on the maintenance of the heart.&lt;br /&gt;
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Seeing that his mother said so,Dragon Marshgrass had no choice but to order the husband to come all the way to Jung-guo-Anwesen. At that time, Lady King was relieved when she knew about Dragon Marshgrass's lawsuit and lost Rainvillage Merchant's support.--[[User:Zhang Yang|Zhang Yang]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yang|talk]]) 07:34, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张扬 Zhāng Yáng 国别 男 202120081551==&lt;br /&gt;
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又见哥哥升了边缺，正愁少了娘家的亲戚来往，略觉寂寞。过了几日，忽家人报：“姨太太带了哥儿、姐儿，合家进京，在门外下车了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Seeing that her brother was promoted, she was worried about the lack of relatives in her mother's family, and felt a little lonely. A few days later, suddenly her family reported: &amp;quot;concubine brought her brothers and sisters to Beijing and got off outside the door.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zhang Yang|Zhang Yang]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yang|talk]]) 10:02, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Seeing that her brother was promoted,  Dragon Marshgrass was worried about the lack of relatives in her mother's family, and felt a little lonely. A few days later, suddenly her family reported: &amp;quot;concubine brought her brothers and sisters to Beijing and got off outside the door.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zhang Yiran|Zhang Yiran]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yiran|talk]]) 14:38, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张怡然 Zhāng Yírán 俄语语言文学 女 202120081552==&lt;br /&gt;
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喜的王夫人忙带了人，接到大厅上，将薛姨妈等接进去了。姊妹们一朝相见，悲喜交集，自不必说。叙了一番契阔，又引着拜见贾母，将人情土物各种酬献了，合家俱厮见过，又治席接风。&lt;br /&gt;
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Lady King was so happy that she brought someone to the hall and took Aunt Marshgrass in. The sisters were joy tempered with sorrow to see each other that it goes without saying. Told a story of great deeds, and led to visit Grandma Merchant, all kinds of reward will be offered, together with the furniture saw, and treat the seat to receive wind.--[[User:Zhang Yiran|Zhang Yiran]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yiran|talk]]) 14:35, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Mr. Wang was so happy that she brought someone to the hall and took Aunt Xue in. The sisters were  in joy tempered with sorrow to see each other that it goes without saying. Told a story of great deeds, and led to visit Grandma Merchant, all kinds of reward will be offered, together with the furniture saw, and treat the seat to receive wind.--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 10:07, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟义菲 Zhōng Yìfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081553==&lt;br /&gt;
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薛蟠拜见过贾政、贾琏，又引着见了贾赦、贾珍等。贾政便使人进来对王夫人说：“姨太太已有了年纪，外甥年轻，不知庶务，在外住着，恐又要生事。&lt;br /&gt;
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Dragon Marshgrass met Master Merchant and Romance Merchant and introduced Pardon Merchant and Treasure Merchant. Master Merchant sent someone in and said to Lady King, &amp;quot;my aunt is old, and my nephew is young. He doesn't know about general affairs. If he is living outside, I am afraid that something will happen again.--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 10:10, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Dragon Marshgrass met Master Merchant and Romance Merchant and introduced Pardon Merchant and Treasure Merchant. Master Merchant sent someone in and said to Lady King, &amp;quot;my aunt is old, and my nephew is young. He doesn't know about general affairs. If he lives outside, I am afraid that he will make some trouble.--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 13:01, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟雨露 Zhōng Yǔlù 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081554==&lt;br /&gt;
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咱们东南角上梨香院那一所房十来间白空闲着，叫人请了姨太太和姐儿、哥儿住了甚好。”王夫人原要留住。贾母也遣人来说：“请姨太太就在这里住下，大家亲密些。”&lt;br /&gt;
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“We have a room in the southeast corner of Pear Fragrance Court that is vacant, and ask someone to invite the aunt and sister and brother to live here.” Lady King originally wanted to stay. Grandma Merchant also sent someone to say: “Please invite the aunt to stay here, the relationship between us will be closer.”--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 12:58, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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“We have dozens of room in the southeast corner of the Pear Fragrance court that is vacant, and ask someone to invite the aunt and sister and brother to live here.” Lady King originally wanted to stay. Grandma Merchant also sent someone to say: “Please stay here, the relationship between us will be closer.”--[[User:Zhou Jiu|Zhou Jiu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Jiu|talk]]) 07:56, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周玖 Zhōu Jiǔ 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081555==&lt;br /&gt;
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薛姨妈正欲同居一处，方可拘紧些儿子；若另住在外边，又恐他纵性惹祸：遂忙应允。又私与王夫人说明：“一应日费供给，一概都免，方是处常之法。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Aunt Marshgrass wanted to live here so that she could supervise her son. If she lived elsewhere, she feared that her son would get into trouble again. Therefore, she agreed immediately and said to Lady King privately, &amp;quot;the Xue family will pay for all the supplies by themselves, which is the only way to get along with them for a long time.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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Aunt Marshgrass wanted to live here so that she could supervise her son. If she lived elsewhere, she feared that her son would get into trouble again. Therefore, she agreed immediately and explicated  to Lady King privately, &amp;quot;the Marshgrass family will pay for all the supplies by themselves, which is the only way to get along with them for a long time.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 07:52, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周俊辉 Zhōu Jùnhuī 法语语言文学 女 202120081556==&lt;br /&gt;
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王夫人知他家不难于此，遂亦从其自便。从此后，薛家母女就在梨香院住了。原来这梨香院乃当日荣公暮年养静之所，小小巧巧，约有十馀间房舍，前厅后舍俱全。&lt;br /&gt;
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Lady King knew that it was not difficult to solve this problem, so she agreed to come down. From then on, the mother and daughter of the Marshgrass family lived in the Pear Fragrant Court. It turned out that the pear Hyangwon used to be the residence of King Yeongguk when he retired. It was small, but there were about a dozen houses with a complete front hall and back yard.--[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 07:49, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周巧 Zhōu Qiǎo 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081557==&lt;br /&gt;
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另有一门通街，薛蟠的家人就走此门出入。西南上又有一个角门，通着夹道子，出了夹道，便是王夫人正房的东院了。每日或饭后或晚间，薛姨妈便过来，或与贾母闲谈，或与王夫人相叙；&lt;br /&gt;
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There was another gate to the street, through which Xue Pan's family went in and out. There is another side gate in the southwest, which leads to the narrow lane. Out of it, comes the east courtyard of Lady King's principal room. Every day, after dinner or in the evening, Aunt Marshgrass came to chat with Grandma Merchant or Lady King;--[[User:Zhou Qiao1|Zhou Qiao1]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qiao1|talk]]) 12:49, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There was another door leading to the street, and Xue Pan's family walked in and out through this door. There is another corner door on the southwest, leading through the lane, and out of the lane, it is the east courtyard of Mrs. Wang's main house. Every day, after dinner or in the evening, Aunt Xue came over, chatting with Jia's mother, or narrating with Mrs. Wang.--[[User:Zhou Qing|Zhou Qing]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qing|talk]]) 07:23, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周清 Zhōu Qīng 法语语言文学 女 202120081558==&lt;br /&gt;
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宝钗日与黛玉、迎春姊妹等一处，或看书下棋，或做针黹：倒也十分相安。只是薛蟠起初原不欲在贾府中居住，生恐姨父管束，不得自在。无奈母亲执意在此，且贾宅中又十分殷勤苦留，只得暂且住下；&lt;br /&gt;
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During the day, Baochai was in peace with Daiyu and Sister Yingchun, reading a book, playing chess, or doing stitches. It's just that Xue Pan didn't want to live in Jia's house at first, and was afraid of his uncle's control and uncomfortable. But my mother insisted on staying here, and the people in Jia's house were so diligent to stay, so they had to stay temporarily.&lt;br /&gt;
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During the day, Precious Hairpin Marshgrass  was in peace with with Mascara Jade Forest, Spring Pleasure Merchant, her sisters and the other girls, either to read, to play chess, or to do needlework.   It's just that Dragon Marshgrass didn't want to live in Jia's house at first, and was afraid of his uncle's control and uncomfortable. But my mother insisted on staying here, and the people in Jia's house were so diligent to stay, so they had to stay temporarily.--[[User:Zhou Xiaoxue|Zhou Xiaoxue]] ([[User talk:Zhou Xiaoxue|talk]]) 07:19, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周小雪 Zhōu Xiǎoxuě 日语语言文学 女 202120081559==&lt;br /&gt;
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一面使人打扫出自家的房屋，再移居过去。谁知自此间住了不上一月，贾宅族中凡有的子侄，俱已认熟了一半，都是那些纨袴气习，莫不喜与他来往。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
at the same time he directed servants to go and sweep the apartments of their own house and  they should move into them when they were ready.&lt;br /&gt;
But, contrary to expectation， for not over a month，Dragon Marshgrass to be on intimate relations with all the young men among the kindred of the Jia mansion， the half of whom were extravagant in their habits and glad to make contact with he.--[[User:Zhou Xiaoxue|Zhou Xiaoxue]] ([[User talk:Zhou Xiaoxue|talk]]) 06:44, 27 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At the same time，he arranged servants to clean their own house apartments and then moved to the apartment for living.However,less than a month's living，he has been acquainted with hallf of the sons and nephews in the clan of Chia. They were extravagant in their habits and glad to make friends with him.--[[User:Zhu Suzhen|Zhu Suzhen]] ([[User talk:Zhu Suzhen|talk]]) 13:46, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==朱素珍 Zhū Sùzhēn 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081561==&lt;br /&gt;
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今日会酒，明日观花，甚至聚赌嫖娼，无所不至，引诱的薛蟠比当日更坏了十倍。虽说贾政训子有方，治家有法，一则族大人多，照管不到；二则现在房长乃是贾珍，彼乃宁府长孙，又现袭职，凡族中事，都是他掌管；&lt;br /&gt;
Staying together and drinking wine today, appreciating flowers tomorrow, and even gambling and prostitution, everything will be done. Xue Pan, who is seduced, is ten times worse than that day. Although Jia Zhengxun is good at governing family, on the one hand,there are so many people in the family that he can not look after everyone; On the other hand, the house chief is Jia Zhen, and he is the eldest grandson of the Ning Mansion, now everything is in charge of him.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Today having party and drinking, tomorrow watching flower, and even gambling and whoring are all around. Xue pan is ten times worse than that day. Although Jia Zheng correctly taught his children,Run the family with laws and regulations,For one thing, there are too many people to take care of; Second, now the head of the house is Jia Zhen, the grandson of the head of ,He was in charge of the Ning Mansion， all the affairs of the family，he is in charge of everything in the family;--[[User:Zou Yueli|Zou Yueli]] ([[User talk:Zou Yueli|talk]]) 03:34, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邹岳丽 Zōu Yuèlí 日语语言文学 女 202120081562==&lt;br /&gt;
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三则公私冗杂，且素性潇洒，不以俗事为要，每公暇之时，不过看书、着棋而已；况这梨香院相隔两层房舍，又有街门别开，任意可以出入：&lt;br /&gt;
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Third, the public and private are miscellaneous, and they are natural and unrestrained. They don't focus on mundane affairs. In their spare time, they just read books and play chess;Moreover, the Lixiang courtyard is separated by two floors, and the street door is not open, so you can go in and out at will:&lt;br /&gt;
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==Nadia 202011080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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这些子弟们所以只管放意畅怀的，因此薛蟠遂将移居之念渐渐打灭了。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Mahzad Heydarian 玛莎 202021080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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日后如何，下回分解。葫芦僧判断葫芦案──&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Mariam Toure 2020GBJ002301==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
“葫芦”的谐音为糊涂，故其意谓糊涂僧糊涂判案。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Rouabah Soumaya 202121080001==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
指知县贾雨村按照现为衙门门子而原为葫芦庙小沙弥的主意糊里糊涂判结了薛蟠强买甄英莲并打死人命一案。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Zhizhi County Jia Yucun was confused and convicted the case of Xue Panqiang buying Zhen Yinglian and killing people based on the idea that he is now Yamenzi but was originally a young novice monk in the Gourd Temple.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Numan 202121080002==&lt;br /&gt;
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女子无才便是德──语出明·张岱《公祭祁夫人文》：&lt;br /&gt;
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==Atta Ur Rahman 202121080003==&lt;br /&gt;
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“(陈)眉公曰：‘丈夫有德便是才，女子无才便是德。’此语殊为未确。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Saqib Mehran 202121080004==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(又见清·石成金《家训钞》引)&lt;br /&gt;
 Translation: (See also the quote from Shi Chengjin's &amp;quot;Family Instructions&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Zohaib Chand 202121080005==&lt;br /&gt;
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意谓女子如果读书识字，便可能受到小说、戏曲的不良影响，做出伤风败俗的事，倒不如不识字而能保持妇德。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Jawad Ahmad 202121080006==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
《女四书》、《列女传》──都是记述历代贤德女子的事迹，以宣扬封建妇德的书。&lt;br /&gt;
 English:The Four Books on Women and the Biography of Lienu ─ ─ both describe the deeds of &lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
 virtuous women in past dynasties to publicize the feudal virtues of women.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Nizam Uddin 202121080007==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
《女四书》：明·王相模仿南宋·朱熹所编《四书》而辑成，包括东汉·班昭的《女诫》、唐·宋若莘和宋若昭的《女论语》、明·永乐皇后徐氏的《内训》、王相之母刘氏的《女范捷录》四种专讲女德的书，故称。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Öncü 202121080008==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
《列女传》：西汉·刘向编撰。全书七卷，每卷为一类，分别为母仪、贤明、仁智、贞顺、节义、辩通、嬖孽，共收妇女故事一百零四则。​&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;Biographies of Exemplary Women&amp;quot;: compiled by the western Han dynasty Liu Xiang. There are seven volumes in the whole book, each of which is a category. respectively, there are one hundred and four women's stories, including Mu Yi, Xian Ming, Ren Zhi, Zhen Shun, Jie Yi, Bian Tong, and Bi Nie.--[[User:AkiraJantarat|AkiraJantarat]] ([[User talk:AkiraJantarat|talk]]) 06:33, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Akira Jantarat 202121080009==&lt;br /&gt;
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纺绩女红(gōng工)──泛指女子应做的家务活计。&lt;br /&gt;
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Spinning needlework ——— Make a general reference of as housework that a woman should do.--[[User:AkiraJantarat|AkiraJantarat]] ([[User talk:AkiraJantarat|talk]]) 05:25, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Fangji Female Red (''gong'')──refers to the household chores of women.--[[User:Benjamin Wellsand|Benjamin Wellsand]] ([[User talk:Benjamin Wellsand|talk]]) 19:13, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Benjamin Wellsand 202111080118==&lt;br /&gt;
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纺绩：“纺”是把丝纺成纱，“绩”是把麻绩成线。&lt;br /&gt;
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''Fangji'': &amp;quot;Fang&amp;quot; means to spin silk into yarn, &amp;quot;Ji&amp;quot; means to turn the hemp into thread.--[[User:Benjamin Wellsand|Benjamin Wellsand]] ([[User talk:Benjamin Wellsand|talk]]) 19:06, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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''Fangji'': ''Fang'' means spinning silk into yarn, ''Ji'' means turning hemp into thread. --[[User:Asep Budiman|Asep Budiman]] ([[User talk:Asep Budiman|talk]]) 01:48, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Asep Budiman 202111080020==&lt;br /&gt;
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女红：又作“女工”或“女功”。&lt;br /&gt;
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Female Red (''gong''): is also known as &amp;quot;female worker&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;female performer&amp;quot;. --[[User:Asep Budiman|Asep Budiman]] ([[User talk:Asep Budiman|talk]]) 01:46, 28 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Female Red: also known as &amp;quot;female worker&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;female performer&amp;quot;. --[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 10:56, 29 December 2021 (UTC)Ei Mon Kyaw&lt;br /&gt;
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==Ei Mon Kyaw 202111080021==&lt;br /&gt;
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是指纺织、缝纫、刺绣等。&lt;br /&gt;
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Refers to textiles, sewing, embroidery, etc.  --[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 10:53, 29 December 2021 (UTC)Ei Mon Kyaw&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211208_homework&amp;diff=134738</id>
		<title>20211208 homework</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211208_homework&amp;diff=134738"/>
		<updated>2021-12-29T11:18:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Quicklinks: [[Introduction_to_Translation_Studies_2021|Back to course homepage]] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal#Frequently_asked_questions_FAQ FAQ]  [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal Manual] [[20210926_homework|Back to all homework webpages overview]] [[20220112_final_exam|final exam page]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==陈静 Chén Jìng 国别 女 202020080595==&lt;br /&gt;
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说了一会话，临走又送我二两银子。”甄家娘子听了，不觉感伤。一夜无话。&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;We talked for a while and give me two bundles of silver when leaving.&amp;quot; Hearing this, Mrs. Zhen feel sad and keep silent the whole night.--[[User:Chen Jing|Chen Jing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jing|talk]]) 07:03, 9 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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“After talking for a while, he gave me two Liang of silver before he left. &amp;quot; The Zhen lady listened and felt sad. I was kept silence all night.&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 07:08, 9 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==蔡珠凤 Cài Zhūfèng 法语语言文学 女 202120081477==&lt;br /&gt;
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次日，早有雨村遣人送了两封银子、四匹锦缎，答谢甄家娘子；又一封密书与封肃，托他向甄家娘子要那娇杏作二房。封肃喜得眉开眼笑，巴不得去奉承太爷，便在女儿前一力撺掇。&lt;br /&gt;
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The next day, Jia Yucun armer Gelehrter sent two bundles of silver and four brocades to thank the Zhen lady; Another secret letter to Feng Su Bauer asked him to ask the Zhen lady for the delicate HM Lucky as concubine. Feng Su Bauer was so happy that he was eager to flatter the Lord, so he tried his best to encourage his daughter.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 14:01, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The next day, Yucun sent two bundles of silver and four brocades to thank  Zhen lady; He also sent another secret letter to Feng Su, asking him to ask Jiaoxing, the daughter of Zhen Lady, to be his second wife. Feng Su was so happy that he was eager to flatter the Lord, so he tried his best to encourage his daughter.--[[User:Chen Huini|Chen Huini]] ([[User talk:Chen Huini|talk]]) 07:56, 5 December 2021 (UTC)Chen Huini&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈惠妮 Chén Huìnī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081479==&lt;br /&gt;
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当夜用一乘小轿，便把娇杏送进衙内去了。雨村欢喜，自不必言；又封百金赠与封肃，又送甄家娘子许多礼物，令其且自过活，以待访寻女儿下落。&lt;br /&gt;
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One evening, Jiaoxing was sent to prison by a small sedan carriage. Undoutedbly, Yucun was very pleased and gave hundreds of golds to Fengsu and many gifts to Zhen's wife so that she can live by herself untill her daugther was found.--[[User:Chen Huini|Chen Huini]] ([[User talk:Chen Huini|talk]]) 11:17, 4 December 2021 (UTC)Chen Huini&lt;br /&gt;
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At that very night he put Jiaoxing in a small sedan-chair and escorted her to the yamen. We don't need to imagine Yucun's satisfaction.He gave Feng Su a hundred pieces of gold and sent Mrs. Zhen many gifts, telling her to take good care of herself that she can find her daughter.--[[User:Chen Xiangqiong|Chen Xiangqiong]] ([[User talk:Chen Xiangqiong|talk]]) 01:11, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈湘琼 Chén Xiāngqióng 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081480==&lt;br /&gt;
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却说娇杏那丫头，便是当年回顾雨村的，因偶然一看，便弄出这段奇缘，也是意想不到之事。谁知他命运两济：不承望自到雨村身边只一年，便生一子；又半载，雨村嫡配忽染疾下世，雨村便将他扶作正室夫人。&lt;br /&gt;
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Now Jiaoxing was the maid who had looked back at Yucun that year, little dreaming that one casual glance could have such an extraordinary outcome.And so lucky she was that wthin a year of marriage she bore a son; and after another half year Yucun's wife was very ill and died, and then he made Jiaoxing his wife, giving her higher position.&lt;br /&gt;
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It was said that the girl Jiaoxing, was the one who looked back on Yucun. Because of of a casual glance, they made this fantastic destiny, which was also an unexpected thing. Who knew that his fate was so unpredictable: she was so lucky that wthin a year of marriage she bore a son; and after another half year Yucun's first wife suddenly died of an illness, and then he took Jiaoxing as his principal wife.--[[User:Chen Xinyi|Chen Xinyi]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi|talk]]) 14:16, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈心怡 Chén Xīnyí 翻译学 女 202120081481==&lt;br /&gt;
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正是：偶因一回顾，便为人上人。原来雨村因那年士隐赠银之后，他于十六日便起身赴京。大比之期，十分得意，中了进士，选入外班，今已升了本县太爷。&lt;br /&gt;
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Jiaoxing looked back at Jia Yucun out of curiosity, not out of love. But because of such a chance, from a little girl who was serviced, she became a rich lady who serviced others. It turns out that Yucun because of silver given by Shiyin in that year, he left for Beijing on the 16th. He was lucky enough to won the scholar in the great competition and was selected into the outer class, now has been promoted to the county magistrate. --[[User:Chen Xinyi|Chen Xinyi]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi|talk]]) 09:33, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Jiaoxing looked back at Jia Yucun out of curiosity, not out of love. And because of such a chance, from a little girl who was serviced, she became a rich lady who serviced others. It turns out that Yucun because of tael given by Shiyin in that year, he left for Beijing on the 16th. He was lucky enough to won the scholar in the great competition and was selected into the outer class, now has been promoted to the county magistrate.--[[User:Cheng Yang|Cheng Yang]] ([[User talk:Cheng Yang|talk]]) 05:01, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==程杨 Chéng Yáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081482==&lt;br /&gt;
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虽才干优长，未免贪酷，且恃才侮上，那同寅皆侧目而视。不上一年，便被上司参了一本，说他貌似有才，性实狡猾；又题了一两件徇庇蠹役、交结乡绅之事。&lt;br /&gt;
Although he was very capable, he was a bit accustomed to corruption, was too harsh on his subordinates, and relied on his outstanding talents, and showed little respect for his superiors. Those colleagues had deep resentment towards him. In less than a year, he was got goods by his superior and wrote these things into a memorial to the throne, saying that he was cunning by nature, tampering with etiquette privately; and writing down one more things of acting wrongly out of personal considerations of those who harmed the interests of citizens and conluding with the squire.--[[User:Cheng Yang|Cheng Yang]] ([[User talk:Cheng Yang|talk]]) 04:54, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Although capable, he was a bit accustomed to corruption,  too harsh on his subordinates, relying on his outstanding talents, showing little respect for his superiors. Those colleagues had deep resentment towards him. In less than a year, he was accused by his superior of his cunning by nature, tampering with etiquette privately and mention of one more things of acting wrongly out of personal considerations of those who harmed the interests of citizens and conluding with the squire.--[[User:Ding Xuan|Ding Xuan]] ([[User talk:Ding Xuan|talk]]) 07:03, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==丁旋 Dīng Xuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081483==&lt;br /&gt;
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龙颜大怒，即命革职。部文一到，本府各官无不喜悦。那雨村虽十分惭恨，面上却全无一点怨色，仍是嘻笑自若。&lt;br /&gt;
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The emperor was extremely irritated and immediately removed him from office. Every official of this department was glad when the dismission information arrived. Though  very guilty and regretful, Yucun was smiling as often without any complaint complexion.--[[User:Ding Xuan|Ding Xuan]] ([[User talk:Ding Xuan|talk]]) 02:29, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The emperor was extremely irritated and immediately removed him from office. Every official of this department was glad when the dismission information arrived. Though  very guilty and regretful, Yucun was still smiling without any complainment on the face.--[[User:Du Lina|Du Lina]] ([[User talk:Du Lina|talk]]) 07:37, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杜莉娜 Dù Lìnuó 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081484==&lt;br /&gt;
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交代过了公事，将历年所积的宦囊，并家属人等，送至原籍，安顿妥当了，却自己担风袖月，游览天下胜迹。那日偶又游至维扬地方，闻得今年盐政点的是林如海。&lt;br /&gt;
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After giving official business,leaving the family his accumulated salary for several years and settled them in native home, he had given up high official positions and riches and travelled the famous historical sites everywhere.One day he arrived Weiyang（Yangzhou，Jiangsu Province，China）by accident and heared about the present salt administration officer was Lin Ruhai Salzinspektor.--[[User:Du Lina|Du Lina]] ([[User talk:Du Lina|talk]]) 04:23, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==付红岩 Fù Hóngyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081485==&lt;br /&gt;
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这林如海姓林名海，表字如海，乃是前科的探花，今已升兰台寺大夫，本贯姑苏人氏，今钦点为巡盐御史，到任未久。&lt;br /&gt;
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This Lin Ju-hai's family name was Lin, his name Hai and his style Ju-hai. He had obtained the third place in the previous triennial examination, and had, by this time, already risen to the rank of Director of the Court of Censors. He was a native of Ku Su. He had been recently designated by Imperial appointment as a Censor attached to the Salt Inspectorate, and had arrived at his post only a short time.--[[User:Fu Hongyan|Fu Hongyan]] ([[User talk:Fu Hongyan|talk]]) 15:06, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
This Lin Ju-hai's family name was Lin, his name Hai and his style Ju-hai. He had obtained the third place in the previous triennial examination, and had, by this time, already risen to the rank of Director of the Court of Censors. He was a native of Ku Su. He had been recently named by Imperial appointment a Censor attached to the Salt Inspectorate, and had arrived at his post only a short while back.--[[User:Fu Shiyu|Fu Shiyu]] ([[User talk:Fu Shiyu|talk]]) 13:33, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==付诗雨 Fù Shīyǔ 日语语言文学 女 202120081486==&lt;br /&gt;
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原来这林如海之祖，也曾袭过列侯的，今到如海，业经五世。起初只袭三世，因当今隆恩盛德，额外加恩，至如海之父又袭了一代，到了如海便从科第出身。&lt;br /&gt;
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In fact, the ancestors of Lin Ju-hai had, from years back, successively inherited the title of Marquis, which rank, by its present descent to Ju-hai, had already been enjoyed by five generations. When first conferred, the hereditary right to the title had been limited to three generations; but of late years, by an act of magnanimous favour and generous beneficence, extraordinary bounty had been superadded; and on the arrival of the succession to the father of Ju-hai, the right had been extended to another degree. It had now descended to Ju-hai, who had, besides this title of nobility, begun his career as a successful graduate. --[[User:Fu Shiyu|Fu Shiyu]] ([[User talk:Fu Shiyu|talk]]) 00:55, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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In fact, one of Lin Ju-hai's ancestors five generations earlier had been ennobled as a marquis. The title was originally limited to three generations, but through an act of magnanimous favour and generous beneficence of the Emperor, it had been extended to Lin Ju-hai’s father. Now Lin Ju-hai himself had been obliged to make his way up through the examination system.--[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 15:21, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==高蜜 Gāo Mì 翻译学 女 202120081487==&lt;br /&gt;
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虽系世禄之家，却是书香之族。只可惜这林家支庶不盛，人丁有限，虽有几门，却与如海俱是堂族，没甚亲支嫡派的。今如海年已五十，只有一个三岁之子，又于去岁亡了；&lt;br /&gt;
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It was not only a family of hereditary emoluments, but also of scholars. Unfortunately, the family was not prolific despite the fact that several branches existed. And Lin Ju-hai had cousins but no brothers or sisters. He was fifty already, and his only child had died last year at the age of three.--[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 14:53, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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It was not only a family of hereditary emoluments, but also of scholars. Unfortunately, the family was not prolific despite the fact that several branches existed. And Lin Ju-hai had cousins but no brothers or sisters. Now he was fifty years old, and had only a three-year-old son, who died last year.--[[User:Gong Boya|Gong Boya]] ([[User talk:Gong Boya|talk]]) 14:13, 10 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==宫博雅 Gōng Bóyǎ 俄语语言文学 女 202120081488==&lt;br /&gt;
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虽有几房姬妾，奈命中无子，亦无可如何之事。只嫡妻贾氏生得一女，乳名黛玉，年方五岁，夫妻爱之如掌上明珠。见他生得聪明俊秀，也欲使他识几个字，不过假充养子，聊解膝下荒凉之叹。&lt;br /&gt;
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Although he had several concubines, he was doomed to have no son (to inherit the family line). Only lady Jia, his legal wife, gave birth to a daughter, Mascara Jade Forest, aged five. The couple doted on their daughter like a pearl on the palm of their eyes. Lin Ruhai wanted to teach him to read, because he was smart and handsome, and Lin Ruhai wanted to ease the loneliness of not having a son by pretending to adopt him.--[[User:Gong Boya|Gong Boya]] ([[User talk:Gong Boya|talk]]) 05:55, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Although he had several concubines, he had no son in his life, and nothing could be done about it. The first wife, Min Merchant, had a daughter named Mascara Jade Forest, who was five years old and loved by the couple as a jewel. Seeing that she looked smart and beautiful, they also wanted to make her literate, but raised her as a son to relieve the sorrow of no son. --[[User:He Qin|He Qin]] ([[User talk:He Qin|talk]]) 13:44, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==何芩 Hé Qín 翻译学 女 202120081489==&lt;br /&gt;
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且说贾雨村在旅店偶感风寒，愈后又因盘费不继，正欲得一个居停之所，以为息肩之地。偶遇两个旧友，认得新盐政，知他正要请一西席教训女儿，遂将雨村荐进衙门去。&lt;br /&gt;
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The story goes that Rainvillage Merchant caught a cold at the inn and recovered. He wanted to get a place to stay but he could not afford the fee. He met two old friends who got acquainted the new official of salt (Ruhai Forest) and knew that Forest was about to hire a tutor for his daughter, so they recommended Rainvillage to the government office.--[[User:He Qin|He Qin]] ([[User talk:He Qin|talk]]) 13:57, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The story goes that Jia Yucun caught a cold occasionally at the inn, after recovering his money almost running out. He wanted to get a place to rest himself. He came across two old friends who acquainted with the new official of salt, knowing that he would hire a tutor for his daughter, so they recommended Jia Yucun to the government office.--[[User:Hu Shuqing|Hu Shuqing]] ([[User talk:Hu Shuqing|talk]]) 02:39, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==胡舒情 Hú Shūqíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081490==&lt;br /&gt;
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这女学生年纪幼小，身体又弱，功课不限多寡，其馀不过两个伴读丫鬟，故雨村十分省力，正好养病。看看又是一载有馀，不料女学生之母贾氏夫人一病而亡。&lt;br /&gt;
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The girl student was young and in poor health, the number of her assignments unnessesary with two servant girls, so Yucun needed less effort and could convalesce. Unexpectedly, the girl's mother, Ms.Jia died of illness after nearly a year.--[[User:Hu Shuqing|Hu Shuqing]] ([[User talk:Hu Shuqing|talk]]) 02:06, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The female pupil was youthful in years and delicate in physique, so that her lessons were irregular. There were only two waiting girls, who remained in attendance during the hours of study, so that Yue-ts'un was spared considerable trouble and had a suitable opportunity to attend to the improvement of his health.--[[User:Huang Jinyun|Huang Jinyun]] ([[User talk:Huang Jinyun|talk]]) 14:50, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄锦云 Huáng Jǐnyún 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081491==&lt;br /&gt;
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女学生奉侍汤药，守丧尽礼，过于哀痛，素本怯弱，因此旧病复发，有好些时不曾上学。雨村闲居无聊，每当风日晴和，饭后便出来闲步。这一日偶至郊外，意欲赏鉴那村野风光。&lt;br /&gt;
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The girl was dutiful in her attendance during her mother's sickness, and prepared the medicines. She went into the deepest mourning for her mother's death. Prescribed by the rites, she gave way to such excess of grief that, naturally delicate as she was, broke out anew. Being unable for a considerable time to prosecute her studies, Yue-ts'un lived at leisure and needn't to attend to. Whenever the wind was genial and the sun mild, he would stroll at random after meals.One day by some accident, walking beyond the suburbs he came up to a spot encircled by luxuriant clumps of trees and thick groves of bamboos.--[[User:Huang Jinyun|Huang Jinyun]] ([[User talk:Huang Jinyun|talk]]) 08:07, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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During her mother's sickness, the girl was dutiful in her attendance and prepared the medicines. She went into the deepest mourning for her mother's death. Prescribed by the rites, she gave way to such excess of grief that, naturally delicate as she was, broke out anew. Unable  to prosecute her studies for a considerable time, Yue-ts'un lived at leisure and needn't to attend to. Whenever the wind was genial and the sun mild, he would stroll at random after meals. One day by some accident, he walked to the countryside to enjoy the scenery.--[[User:Huang Yiyan1|Huang Yiyan1]] ([[User talk:Huang Yiyan1|talk]]) 15:12, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄逸妍 Huáng Yìyán 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081492==&lt;br /&gt;
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信步至一山环水漩、茂林修竹之处，隐隐有座庙宇，门巷倾颓，墙垣剥落。有额题曰“智通寺”，门旁又有一副旧破的对联云：身后有馀忘缩手，眼前无路想回头。&lt;br /&gt;
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He walked to a place with luxuriant woods and bamboo groves which is surrounded by hill and streams.And there was a temple half hidden among the foliage whose entrance was in ruins and walls were crumbling. There was an inscription above the gate: Zhi tong Temple. And flanking the gate was a couplet: Though plenty was left after death, one forgot to hold his hand back. Only at the end of the road does one think of turning on to the right back.--[[User:Huang Yiyan1|Huang Yiyan1]] ([[User talk:Huang Yiyan1|talk]]) 15:04, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Walking to a place surrounded by mountains, swirling water and lush forests and bamboos, there is a temple. The doors and alleys are falling and the walls are peeling off. There is a forehead titled &amp;quot;Zhitong Temple&amp;quot;, and there is an old broken couplet beside the door: I forgot to withdraw my hand behind me, and there is no way to turn back.--[[User:Zeng Junlin|Zeng Junlin]] ([[User talk:Zeng Junlin|talk]]) 02:02, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==曾俊霖 Zēng Jùnlín 国别 男 202120081478==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村看了，因想道：“这两句文虽甚浅，其意则深。也曾游过些名山大刹，倒不曾见过这话头。其中想必有个翻过筋斗来的，也未可知。&lt;br /&gt;
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Rainvillage Merchant looked at it and thought, &amp;quot;although these two sentences are very shallow, their meaning is deep. I've also visited some famous mountains and great temples, but I haven't seen this sentence. One of them must have somersaulted, and I don't know.&lt;br /&gt;
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Rainvillage Merchant looked at it and thought, &amp;quot;although these two sentences are very shallow, their meaning is deep. I've also visited some famous mountains and great temples, but I haven't seen this sentence. One of them must have somersaulted, and I don't know.--[[User:Huang Zhuliang|Huang Zhuliang]] ([[User talk:Huang Zhuliang|talk]]) 03:22, 6 December 2021 (UTC)Huang Zhuliang&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄柱梁 Huáng Zhùliáng 国别 男 202120081493==&lt;br /&gt;
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何不进去一访？”走入看时，只有一个龙锺老僧在那里煮粥。雨村见了，却不在意。及至问他两句话，那老僧既聋且昏，又齿落舌钝，所答非所问。雨村不耐烦，仍退出来。When Yu Cun walked in, there was only one old monk cooking porridge there. Yucun saw him, but he didn't care. When he asked him a few words, the old monk was deaf and faint, and his tongue was dull. His answer was not what he asked. Yucun was impatient and still withdrew.&lt;br /&gt;
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When Yu Cun walked in, there was only one old monk cooking porridge there. Yucun saw him, but he didn't care about him. When he asked him a few words, the old monk was deaf and faint, and his tongue was dull. His answer was not what he asked. Yucun was impatient and still withdrew.--[[User:Jin Xiaotong|Jin Xiaotong]] ([[User talk:Jin Xiaotong|talk]]) 13:33, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==金晓童 Jīn Xiǎotóng  202120081494==&lt;br /&gt;
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意欲到那村肆中沽饮三杯，以助野趣，于是移步行来。刚入肆门，只见座上吃酒之客，有一人起身大笑，接了出来，口内说：“奇遇，奇遇！”&lt;br /&gt;
He wanted to go to the village pub for a drink, for the pleasure of nature. So he went on his way. When He entered the pub, he could only see the drinking men in the seats. A man got up and laughed, and then came out, saying repeatedly“What a fortuitous meeting！”&lt;br /&gt;
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He wanted to go to the village pub for a drink to take the pleasure of nature. So he went on his way. When He entered the pub, he could only see the drinking men in the seats. A man got up and laughed, and then came out, saying repeatedly“What a fortuitous meeting！”--[[User:Kuang Yanli|Kuang Yanli]] ([[User talk:Kuang Yanli|talk]]) 14:28, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邝艳丽 Kuàng Yànl 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081495==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村忙看时，此人是都中古董行中贸易，姓冷号子兴的，旧日在都相识。雨村最赞这冷子兴是个有作为大本领的人，这子兴又借雨村斯文之名，故二人最相投契。&lt;br /&gt;
Yu Cun was busy looking at this man, who was an antiquary in the city. The man was called Zixing Leng. They met in the city before. Yucun praised him as a competent person, and he borrowed yucun’s name, so these two men are agreeable with each other.--[[User:Kuang Yanli|Kuang Yanli]] ([[User talk:Kuang Yanli|talk]]) 14:25, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Yu Cun was busy looking at this man, who was an antiquary in the city. The man was called Zixing Leng who he’ve met in the city before. Yucun praised him most as a competent person, and he borrowed yucun’s name, so these two men are agreeable with each other.--[[User:Li Aixuan|Li Aixuan]] ([[User talk:Li Aixuan|talk]]) 01:34, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李爱璇 Lǐ Àixuán 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081496==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村忙亦笑问：“老兄何日到此？弟竟不知。今日偶遇，真奇缘也！”子兴道：“去年岁底到家，今因还要入都，从此顺路找个敝友，说一句话。&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;When did you get here?&amp;quot; Yue-ts'un eagerly inquired also smilingly. &amp;quot;I wasn't aware of your arrival. This unexpected meeting is positively a strange piece of good fortune.&amp;quot; &amp;quot;I went home,&amp;quot; Tzu-hsing replied, &amp;quot;at the end of last year, but now as I return to the capital again, I passed through here on my way to look up a friend of mine and talk some matters over.--[[User:Li Aixuan|Li Aixuan]] ([[User talk:Li Aixuan|talk]]) 01:39, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;When did you get here?&amp;quot; Yue-ts'un eagerly and smilingly inquired. &amp;quot;I wasn't aware of your arrival. This unexpected meeting is a strange piece of good fortune.&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I went home,&amp;quot; Tzu-hsing replied, &amp;quot;about the close of last year, but now as I am again bound to the capital, I passed through here on my way to look up a friend and have a chat.--[[User:Li Ruiyang|Li Ruiyang]] ([[User talk:Li Ruiyang|talk]]) 14:20, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李瑞洋 Lǐ Ruìyáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081497==&lt;br /&gt;
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承他的情，留我多住两日。我也无甚紧事，且盘桓两日，待月半时也就起身了。今日敝友有事，我因闲走到此，不期这样巧遇。”一面说，一面让雨村同席坐了，另整上酒肴来。&lt;br /&gt;
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He had the kindness to press me to stay with him for a couple of days longer. As I also have no urgent business to attend to, I am tarrying a few days, but purpose starting about the middle of the moon. My friend is busy today, so I roamed listlessly as far as here, never expecting of such a fortunate meeting.&amp;quot; While speaking, he invited Yue-ts'un to sit down at the same table, and ordered a fresh supply of wine and eatables. --[[User:Li Ruiyang|Li Ruiyang]] ([[User talk:Li Ruiyang|talk]]) 14:21, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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“He was so kind that he asked me to stay for another couple of days. As I had no other urgencies to attend to, I stayed as he expected. When we chatted til the moon was high above the sky, I got up and left alone. My friend is busy today, so I roamed listlessly as far as here, never expecting such an encounter.&amp;quot; While speaking, he invited Yue-ts'un to sit down with him, and ordered a fresh supply of wine and dishes.--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 07:52, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李姗 Lǐ Shān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081498==&lt;br /&gt;
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二人闲谈慢饮，叙些别后之事。雨村因问：“近日都中可有新闻没有？”子兴道：“倒没有什么新闻，倒是老先生的贵同宗家出了一件小小的异事。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Over drinking, they two talked about some plans of the near future after the farewell. Then Yucun asked: Is there anything new in the capital city? Zixing answered，“Nothing new. But in your dignified remote relative's house there is indeed a strange thing.”--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 14:49, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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They two drank and talked about some plans of the near future after the farewell. Then Yucun asked: &amp;quot;Is there anything new in the capital city?&amp;quot; Zixing answered，“Nothing new. But there happened a strange thing in your dignified remote relative's family.”--[[User:Li Shuang|Li Shuang]] ([[User talk:Li Shuang|talk]]) 14:25, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李双 Lǐ Shuāng 翻译学 女 202120081499==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村笑道：“弟族中无人在都，何谈及此？”子兴笑道：“你们同姓，岂非一族？”雨村问：“是谁家？”子兴笑道：“荣国贾府中，可也不玷辱老先生的门楣了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Rain-Village laughed and said: “No one in my family is in the capital. Why are you talking about this?” Zi Xing said: “You have the same surname, are you not a family?” Rain-Village asked: “Who?” Zi Xing answered: “Merchant’s family. I did not slander the family status of the old gentleman.”--[[User:Li Shuang|Li Shuang]] ([[User talk:Li Shuang|talk]]) 14:20, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Yucun laughed and said: “No one in my family is in the capital. Why are you talking about this?” Zi Xing said: “You have the same surname, aren’t  you the same family?” Yucun asked: “Who?” Zi Xing answered: “Merchant’s family. I did not slander the family status of the old gentleman.” --[[User:Li Wenxuan|Li Wenxuan]] ([[User talk:Li Wenxuan|talk]]) 23:48, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李文璇 Lǐ Wénxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081500==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村道：“原来是他家。若论起来，寒族人丁却自不少，东汉贾复以来，支派繁盛，各省皆有，谁能逐细考查？若论荣国一支，却是同谱。但他那等荣耀，我们不便去认他，故越发生疏了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Yucun said: &amp;quot;It's his house. If discussed explicitly, the people of Han's family were of great quantity since the Eastern Han Dynasty of Jiafu. Their branches were numerous in each province, who can examine one by one? If only discussed the branch of Rongguo, they were the same. But the Rongguo were glorious, it was inconvenient for us to make a connection with them, so we were getting more and more unfamiliar. --[[User:Li Wenxuan|Li Wenxuan]] ([[User talk:Li Wenxuan|talk]]) 08:22, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
Yucun said: &amp;quot;It turned out to be his family. If you talk about it, there are many Han people. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, the tribe has been prosperous and there are all provinces. Who can examine it carefully? . But he is so glorious, it is inconvenient for us to recognize him, so we have become more and more estranged.&amp;quot;--[[User:Li Wen|Li Wen]] ([[User talk:Li Wen|talk]]) 10:02, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李雯 Lǐ Wén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081501==&lt;br /&gt;
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子兴叹道：“老先生休这样说。如今的这荣、宁两府，也都萧索了，不比先时的光景。”雨村道：“当日宁、荣两宅人口也极多，如何便萧索了呢？”子兴道：“正是，说来也话长。”&lt;br /&gt;
Zi Xing sighed, &amp;quot;Old Mr. Xiu said this. The Rong and Ning residences are now depressed, not as good as the previous conditions.&amp;quot; Yucun said: &amp;quot;The Ning and Rong residences had a large population that day. Is it done?&amp;quot; Zi Xing said: &amp;quot;Exactly, it's a long story.&amp;quot;--[[User:Li Wen|Li Wen]] ([[User talk:Li Wen|talk]]) 10:01, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
The son sighed: &amp;quot;This is what old Hugh said. The provinces of Rong and Ning are now deserted, not as they were in the past.&amp;quot; Rain village way: &amp;quot;that day ning, rong two house population is also very much, how then deserted?&amp;quot; Zi Xing said, &amp;quot;Exactly. It's a long story.&amp;quot;--[[User:Li Xinxing|Li Xinxing]] ([[User talk:Li Xinxing|talk]]) 14:33, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李新星 Lǐ Xīnxīng 亚非语言文学 女 202120081503==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村道：“去岁我到金陵时，因欲游览六朝遗迹，那日进了石头城，从他宅门前经过：街东是宁国府，街西是荣国府，二宅相连，竟将大半条街占了。&lt;br /&gt;
Yu Village road: &amp;quot;Last year when I went to Jinling, because I wanted to visit the ruins of the Six Dynasties, that day into the Stone city, from the front of his house through: street east is Ning Guo Fu, street west is Rong Guo Fu, two houses connected, unexpectedly occupied half of the street.--[[User:Li Xinxing|Li Xinxing]] ([[User talk:Li Xinxing|talk]]) 14:32, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Yucun said, &amp;quot;when I came to Jinling last year, I wanted to visit the ruins of the Six Dynasties. On that day, I entered the stone city and passed in front of his house: Ningguo house is in the east of the street, Rongguo house is in the west, and the two houses are connected, occupying more than half of the street.--[[User:Li Yi|Li Yi]] ([[User talk:Li Yi|talk]]) 14:35, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李怡 Lǐ Yí 法语语言文学 女 202120081504==&lt;br /&gt;
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大门外虽冷落无人，隔着围墙一望，里面厅殿楼阁，也还都峥嵘轩峻；就是后边一带花园里，树木山石，也都还有葱蔚洇润之气：那里像个衰败之家？”&lt;br /&gt;
Although deserted outside the gate, across the wall to see the hall hall pavilions, are also lofty xuan Jun; Even in the garden at the back, the trees and rocks were all luxuriant: it did not look at all like a run-down house--[[User:Li Yi|Li Yi]] ([[User talk:Li Yi|talk]]) 01:57, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Although deserted outside the gate, the hall and pavilions were also lofty and grand seen across the wall.Even in the garden at the back, the trees and rocks were all luxuriant: how did it look like a run-down house?--[[User:Liu Peiting|Liu Peiting]] ([[User talk:Liu Peiting|talk]]) 14:14, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘沛婷 Liú Pèitíng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081505==&lt;br /&gt;
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子兴笑道：“亏你是进士出身，原来不通。古人有言：‘百足之虫，死而不僵。’如今虽说不似先年那样兴盛，较之平常仕宦人家，到底气象不同。&lt;br /&gt;
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Zi Xing laughed and said, &amp;quot;You are a scholar but know nothing about its cause. There is an ancient saying: ‘old institutions die hard'. Now, though not as prosperous as in previous years, the atmosphere is different from that of ordinary officials.--[[User:Liu Peiting|Liu Peiting]] ([[User talk:Liu Peiting|talk]]) 14:09, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Zi Xing chuckled, &amp;quot;You are a scholar but know nothing about its cause. As a old saying goes, ‘old institutions die hard’. Now, though not as prosperous as before, the splendor is different from that of ordinary officials.--[[User:Liu Shengnan|Liu Shengnan]] ([[User talk:Liu Shengnan|talk]]) 10:51, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘胜楠 Liú Shèngnán 翻译学 女 202120081506==&lt;br /&gt;
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如今生齿日繁，事务日盛，主仆上下都是安富尊荣，运筹谋画的竟无一个；那日用排场，又不能将就省俭。如今外面的架子虽没很倒，内囊却也尽上来了。这也是小事。&lt;br /&gt;
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Their family members are growing, their commitments are increasing, and both masters and servants are used to lavishly controlling it. However no one thinks of the future. They squander money every day and can't save at all. On the surface, they look as noble as before, but their wallets are almost empty. However, this is not their biggest trouble.--[[User:Liu Shengnan|Liu Shengnan]] ([[User talk:Liu Shengnan|talk]]) 10:46, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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In Jia Mansion, there are many people to bring up, and household duties are getting more and more day by day. Masters and servants, from top to bottom, enjoy glory and wealth but no one to plan. They squander money every day and can't save at all. Although they still extravagant on the surface as ever, their wallets are almost empty. and this is not counted the biggest trouble.     --[[User:Liu Wei|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei|talk]]) 12:47, 8 December 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘薇 Liú Wēi 国别 女 202120081507==&lt;br /&gt;
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更有一件大事：谁知这样钟鸣鼎食的人家儿，如今养的儿孙，竟一代不如一代了。”雨村听说，也道：“这样诗礼之家，岂有不善教育之理？别门不知，只说这宁、荣两宅，是最教子有方的，何至如此？”&lt;br /&gt;
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There is one more important event: Who knows that the children of such a luxurious family, the children and grandchildren are not as good as previous generations.&amp;quot; When Yucun heard about it, he also said: &amp;quot;Is there any reason for such a family who always study and pay attention to ethics for generations is bad at education? Although I don't know the situation of other families, it is said that Ning and Rong are the most skillful in teaching children. How did they get to such a situation ? &amp;quot;     --[[User:Liu Wei|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei|talk]]) 15:37, 7 December 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei&lt;br /&gt;
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That's not the worst thing. Who will know that the children of such a noble clan can be inferior to the last.&amp;quot; Hearing about that, Yucun replied:&amp;quot;a family so cultures and versed in etiquette doesn't know the importance of education? Although I don't know other families, I've always heard that these two houses take great efforts to educate their children. How did they fall to such a situation?&amp;quot;--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 12:45, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘晓 Liú Xiǎo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081508==&lt;br /&gt;
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子兴叹道：“正说的是这两门呢！等我告诉你：当日宁国公是一母同胞弟兄两个。宁公居长，生了两个儿子。宁公死后，长子贾代化袭了官，也养了两个儿子：长子贾敷，八九岁上死了；&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;It's these two houses I'm talking about!&amp;quot; Son Prosperity signed, &amp;quot;Just let me tell you: the Duke of Ningguo and the Duke of Rongguo were brothers by the same mother. The Duke of Ningguo, the elder, had two sons, and after his death, his oldest son, Jia daihua, succeeded the title. The elder one of his two sons, Jia Fu, died at the age of eight or nine.--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 05:14, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Zi Xing sighed, &amp;quot;I was about to say something about these two families! Let me tell you: the Duke of Rongguo, as he is now called, had two brothers from the same mother. Lord Ning was the eldest brother and had two sons，and after his death, his oldest son, Jia daihua, succeeded the title. The elder one of his two sons, Jia Fu, died at the age of eight or nine.--[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 08:32, 10 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘越 Liú Yuè 亚非语言文学 女 202120081509==&lt;br /&gt;
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只剩了一个次子贾敬，袭了官，如今一味好道，只爱烧丹炼汞，别事一概不管。幸而早年留下一个儿子，名唤贾珍，因他父亲一心想作神仙，把官倒让他袭了。&lt;br /&gt;
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Only his second son, Honor Merchant, survived and succeeded to his position. Now he devoted himself only to Taoism and alchemy, and did nothing else. Fortunately, in his early years, he had left a son named Treasure Merchant, for his father had set his heart on becoming a fairy, so he succeeded to the position.  --[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 07:30, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Only his second son, Honor Merchant, survived and succeeded to his position. Now Honor Merchant devotes himself entirely to Taoism and alchemy, and does nothing else. Fortunately, in his early years, he had left a son named Treasure Merchant. For his father has set his heart on becoming immortal, Treasure Merchant succeeded to the position. --[[User:Liu Yunxin|Liu Yunxin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yunxin|talk]]) 08:36, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘运心 Liú Yùnxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081510==&lt;br /&gt;
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他父亲又不肯住在家里，只在都中城外，和那些道士们胡羼。这位珍爷也生了一个儿子，今年才十六岁，名叫贾蓉。如今敬老爷不管事了。&lt;br /&gt;
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His father refused to stay at home, but rather preferred to fool around with those Taoist priests. This Master Treasure Merchant also has a son called Prosperity Merchant, who’s only 16 years old. Nowadays Lord Honor Merchant is no longer in charge. --[[User:Liu Yunxin|Liu Yunxin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yunxin|talk]]) 08:27, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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His father is unwilling to live at home, but prefers to wander around the city to fool around with those Taoist priests. Mr. Zhen also has a son named Jia Rong who is 16 years old. Now, Lord Jing is no longer in charge. --[[User:Luo Anyi|Luo Anyi]] ([[User talk:Luo Anyi|talk]]) 13:42, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗安怡 Luó Ānyí 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081511==&lt;br /&gt;
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这珍爷那里干正事，只一味高乐不了，把那宁国府竟翻过来了，也没有敢来管他的人。再说荣府你听，方才所说异事就出在这里。&lt;br /&gt;
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Mr. Zhen would not do any proper thing but to amuse himself. Even if he turns the Ning Mansion upside down, no one there dares to stop him. Then I will tell you about Rong Mansion where the strange thing that I just mentioned happened. --[[User:Luo Anyi|Luo Anyi]] ([[User talk:Luo Anyi|talk]]) 13:24, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Mr Zhen would not do any his proper business，but only amuse himself，and  though he  turned rabbit in Ning Mansion，there is no one who dare to limit him.And I must tell you that some queer things just happen here.--[[User:Luo Xi|Luo Xi]] ([[User talk:Luo Xi|talk]]) 14:04, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗曦 Luó Xī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081512==&lt;br /&gt;
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自荣公死后，长子贾代善袭了官，娶的是金陵世家史侯的小姐为妻。生了两个儿子：长名贾赦，次名贾政。如今代善早已去世，太夫人尚在。&lt;br /&gt;
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Since the death of Rong Gong, the elder son Jia Daishan inherited the official title and get merried with the daughter of an aristocratic family in Jinling. They have two sons: the elder son is called Jia She, the second son is called Jia Zheng. Now Jia Daishan has already passed away with his wife still alive. --[[User:Luo Xi|Luo Xi]] ([[User talk:Luo Xi|talk]]) 03:06, 9 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Since the death of Lord Rong（Jia Yuan), the elder son Jia Daishan inherited the official title and married Shi Hou’s daughter from an aristocratic family in Jinling  as his wife. They had two children: the elder son named Jia She, and the second named Jia Zheng. Today Daishan has long passed away, and his wife is still alive.--[[User:Ma Xin|Ma Xin]] ([[User talk:Ma Xin|talk]]) 02:02, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==马新 Mǎ Xīn 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081513==&lt;br /&gt;
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长子贾赦袭了官，为人却也中平，也不管理家事。惟有次子贾政，自幼酷喜读书，为人端方正直。祖父锺爱，原要他从科甲出身。&lt;br /&gt;
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The eldest son, Jia She, inherited the official position from his ancestors but  he was not top-notch and did not manage the family affairs as well. Only his second son, Jia Zheng, loved to read since childhood and was a man of upright. His grandfather (Jia Yuan) like him the most and originally planed to let him take the imperial examination before becoming an official.--[[User:Ma Xin|Ma Xin]] ([[User talk:Ma Xin|talk]]) 08:02, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Their elder son Jia She inherited the official title; he was moderate and often remained neutral, and did not manage the family affairs. Only the younger son, Jia Zheng, was fond of studying as a child and was a man of upright so that he was his grandfather’s (Jia Yuan) favorite, and he hoped to make a career for himself through the imperial examinations. --[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 09:05, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛雅文 Máo Yǎwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081514==&lt;br /&gt;
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不料代善临终遗本一上，皇上怜念先臣，即叫长子袭了官；又问还有几个儿子，立刻引见，又将这政老爷赐了个额外主事职衔，叫他入部习学，如今现已升了员外郎。&lt;br /&gt;
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Unexpectedly, when Jia Daishan died, he left a valedictory memorial, and the Emperor, out of memory and regard for his former minister, not only conferred the official title on his elder son but also asked what other sons there were and ordered them to be introduced to the palace immediately. The Emperor also bestowed the rank of Assistant Secretary on Jia Zheng, and as an additional favor gave him instructions to familiarize himself with affairs in one of the ministries. He has now risen to the rank of Under-Secretary. --[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 08:40, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Unexpectedly, when Jia Daishan died, he left a valedictory memorial, and the Emperor, out of memory and regard for his former minister, not only conferred the official title on his elder son but also asked what other sons he had and ordered his sons to be introduced to the palace immediately. The Emperor also bestowed the rank of Assistant Secretary on Jia Zheng, and as an additional favor gave him instructions to familiarize himself with affairs in one of the ministries. He has now risen to the rank of Under-Secretary.--[[User:Mao You|Mao You]] ([[User talk:Mao You|talk]]) 08:53, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛优 Máo Yōu 俄语语言文学 女 202120081515==&lt;br /&gt;
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这政老爷的夫人王氏，头胎生的公子名叫贾珠，十四岁进学，后来娶了妻，生了子，不到二十岁，一病就死了。第二胎生了一位小姐，生在大年初一，就奇了。&lt;br /&gt;
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Mrs. Wang --- the wife of Lord Zheng. Their first child was a son named Jia Zhu, who entered school at the age of fourteen, then married and gave birth to a son, who died of an illness before the age of twenty. The second child was a young girl, born on the first day of the year. It was very surprising.--[[User:Mao You|Mao You]] ([[User talk:Mao You|talk]]) 08:45, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Mrs. Wang --- the wife of Master Merchant gave birth to her first child a boy named Bead Merchant, who entered school at the age of fourteen, then married and got  a son. But Jia Zhu died of an illness before the age of twenty. The couple’s second child was a girl born on the first day of the year, which was surprising.--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 06:17, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==牟一心 Móu Yīxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081516==&lt;br /&gt;
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不想隔了十几年，又生了一位公子，说来更奇：一落胞胎，嘴里便衔下一块五彩晶莹的玉来，还有许多字迹。你道是新闻不是？”&lt;br /&gt;
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Surprisingly, Mrs Wang gave birth to a boy after more than ten years and it is even strange that the boy was born with a piece of colorful and sparkling crystal with handwritings in his mouth. Isn’t it news?--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 06:25, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Surprisingly, after an interval of more than ten years, Mrs Wang gave birth to another male child, and even more miraculously, the boy was born with a piece of colorful and sparkling crystal with handwritings in his mouth. Isn’t it news?--[[User:Peng Ruixue|Peng Ruixue]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruixue|talk]]) 09:22, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==彭瑞雪 Péng Ruìxuě 法语语言文学 女 202120081517==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村笑道：“果然奇异。只怕这人的来历不小。”子兴冷笑道：“万人都这样说，因而他祖母爱如珍宝。那年周岁时，政老爷试他将来的志向，便将世上所有的东西摆了无数叫他抓。&lt;br /&gt;
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Yu Cun laughed, &amp;quot;It's really strange. I'm afraid this man has a lot of history.&amp;quot; Zi Xing laughed coldly and said, &amp;quot;Everyone says so, so his grandmother loves him like a treasure. That year, when he was one year old, Mr. Zheng tested his future aspirations, so he laid out countless things in the world for him to grab.--[[User:Peng Ruixue|Peng Ruixue]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruixue|talk]]) 09:17, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Yu Cun laughed, &amp;quot;It's really strange. I'm afraid this man has a lot of fame&amp;quot; Zi Xing laughed ruthlessly and said, &amp;quot;Everyone says like this, so his grandmother loves him like a treasure. When Jia Baoyu was one year old, Mr. Zheng wanted to test his future aspirations, so he laid out countless things in the world for him to grab.--[[User:Qing Jianan|Qing Jianan]] ([[User talk:Qing Jianan|talk]]) 09:46, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==秦建安 Qín Jiànān 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081518==&lt;br /&gt;
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谁知他一概不取，伸手只把些脂粉钗环抓来玩弄。那政老爷便不喜欢，说将来不过酒色之徒，因此不甚爱惜。独那太君还是命根子一般。说&lt;br /&gt;
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But he didn't catch anything, only reach his hand for some powder,hairpin and ring to play. Mr.Zheng was not satisfied with his action,and thought him as a gambler in the future.Therefore, Politic Merchant didn't show his preference toward Precious Jade Merchant,but that Grandma Merchant still regarded him as her treature,and said:--[[User:Qing Jianan|Qing Jianan]] ([[User talk:Qing Jianan|talk]]) 10:01, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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However, he did not take any of them, but only reached his hands out for some powders, hairpins and rings to play with. That action did not please  sir Zheng at all, what’s more, sir Zheng said he would be only a voluptuary in the future. Therefore, sir Zheng did not particularly cherish Baoyu, however, lady dowager still loved him as if he was the most preciou treasure.--[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 05:28, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邱婷婷 Qiū Tíngtíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081519==&lt;br /&gt;
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说来又奇：如今长了十来岁，虽然淘气异常，但聪明乖觉，百个不及他一个。说起孩子话来也奇，他说：‘女儿是水做的骨肉，男子是泥做的骨肉。我见了女儿便清爽，见了男子便觉浊臭逼人。’&lt;br /&gt;
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Strange to say: now he is ten years old, abnormally naughty , but smart and clever, even better than one hundred other children of his age. What he says is also very odd. Once he said, ‘Girls are made of water, men of mud. He will feel debonaire when  he see girls, but when he see men, what he can feel is only squalidness.’--[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 02:34, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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It's strange to notice that now he is ten years more older, abnormally naughty , but smart and clever, even better than one hundred other children of his age. What he says is also very odd. Once he said, &amp;quot;Girls are made of water, men of mud. I qwill feel debonaire when I see girls, but when I see men, what I can feel is only squalidness.&amp;quot;--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 13:18, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==饶金盈 Ráo Jīnyíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081520==&lt;br /&gt;
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你道好笑不好笑？将来色鬼无疑了。”雨村罕然厉色道：“非也。可惜你们不知道这人的来历，大约政老前辈也错以淫魔色鬼看待了。&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;Don't you think it's ridiculous? He or she will be a lecher in the future undoubtedly.&amp;quot; Jia Yucun said with a serious look: &amp;quot;Not true. Unfortunately, you do not know the identity of this person, may be the old senior Master Merchant may also wrongly regard him or her as a lewd.&amp;quot;--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 13:14, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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“Have you realized the facetiosity of it? He or she will be beyond all doubt a lecher.” Rain Village Merchant said with stern countenance: “ it is absolutely not the truth. It is a pity that you are insensible of the background of this person and senior Master Merchant may also mistakenly regarded him or her as a lewd demon”.--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 00:59, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==石丽青 Shí Lìqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081521==&lt;br /&gt;
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若非多读书识事，加以致知格物之功、悟道参玄之力者，不能知也。”子兴见他说得这样重大，忙请教其故。雨村道：“天地生人，除大仁大恶，馀者皆无大异。&lt;br /&gt;
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If someone was not well-read, knowledge-inquiring and truth-enlightening, he or she would be ignorant of it. Son Prosperity believed that Rain Village Merchant took it so seriously that he was bursting with impatience to make clear the reasons within it. Rain Village Merchant asserted: “the universe gives birth to mankind that boasts no differences except the benevolent and the evil.--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 00:36, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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If someone was not well-read, knowledge-inquired and truth-enlightened, he or she would be ignorant.After seeing that Yucun took it so seriously, Zixing couldn't wait to ask him the reasons.Yucun asserted: “The universe gives birth to mankind that boasts no differences except the benevolent and the evil.&amp;quot;--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 09:24, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==孙雅诗 Sūn Yǎshī 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081522==&lt;br /&gt;
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若大仁者则应运而生，大恶者则应劫而生；运生世治，劫生世危。尧、舜、禹、汤、文、武、周、召、孔、孟、董、韩、周、程、朱、张，皆应运而生者；&lt;br /&gt;
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The great benevolence was born in the time of good fortune,the great evil was born in the time of bad fortune. The former was benefit to the world,the latter was harmful to the world.Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu, Zhou, Zhao, Kong, Meng, Dong, Han, Zhou, Cheng, Zhu, Zhang, were all born at the historic moment of good fortune；--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 09:20, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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If the great benevolence emerged as the times demanded, the great evil was born emerged as the calamity demanded. The former was beneficial to the world, while the latter was harmful to the world. Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu, Zhou, Zhao, Kong, Meng, Dong, Han, Zhou, Cheng, Zhu, Zhang, all born emerged as the times demanded.--[[User:Wang Lifei|Wang Lifei]] ([[User talk:Wang Lifei|talk]]) 12:57, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王李菲 Wáng Lǐfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081523==&lt;br /&gt;
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蚩尤、共工、桀、纣、始皇、王莽、曹操、桓温、安禄山、秦桧等，皆应劫而生者。大仁者修治天下，大恶者扰乱天下。清明灵秀，天地之正气，仁者之所秉也；残忍乖僻，天地之邪气，恶者之所秉也。&lt;br /&gt;
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Chiyou, Gonggong, Jie, Zhou, Shi Huang, Wang Mang, Cao Cao, Huan Wen, An Lushan, and Qin Hui all emerged as the calamity demanded. Great benevolence governs the world, great evil disturbs the world. Be sober-minded and full of ingenuity, absorbing the righteousness of heaven and earth are the characteristics of merciful men; on the contrary, be cruel and eccentric, absorbing the evil of heaven and earth, are the characteristics of wicked men.--[[User:Wang Lifei|Wang Lifei]] ([[User talk:Wang Lifei|talk]]) 12:41, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Chi You, Gong Gong, Jie, Zhou, Shi Huang, Wang Mang, Cao Cao, Huan Wen, An Lushan and Qin Hui were all born in response to the tribulation. Those who are benevolent cultivate and rule the world, while those who are evil disturb the world. The clear, bright, spiritual and beautiful, the righteousness of heaven and earth, is held by the benevolent; the cruel and perverse, the evil of heaven and earth, is held by the evil.--[[User:Wang Yifan21|Wang Yifan21]] ([[User talk:Wang Yifan21|talk]]) 06:46, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王逸凡 Wáng Yìfán 亚非语言文学 女 202120081524==&lt;br /&gt;
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今当祚永运隆之日，太平无为之世，清明灵秀之气所秉者，上自朝廷，下至草野，比比皆是。所馀之秀气漫无所归，遂为甘露，为和风，洽然溉及四海。&lt;br /&gt;
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In this day of eternal prosperity and peace and inaction, there are many people from the imperial court to the grasses who have been blessed with a clear, bright and spiritual spirit. The remainder of the spirit has no place to return to, so it has become a sweet dew and a harmonious breeze, which has irrigated the four seas.--[[User:Wang Yifan21|Wang Yifan21]] ([[User talk:Wang Yifan21|talk]]) 13:40, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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In this day of eternal prosperity and peace and inaction, people from the imperial court to the grasses who have been blessed with a clear, bright and spiritual spirit are numberless. The remainder of the spirit has no place to return to, so it has become a sweet dew and a harmonious breeze, which has irrigated the four seas.--[[User:Wang Zhenlong|Wang Zhenlong]] ([[User talk:Wang Zhenlong|talk]]) 06:58, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王镇隆 Wáng Zhènlóng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 男 202120081525==&lt;br /&gt;
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彼残忍乖邪之气，不能荡溢于光天化日之下，遂凝结充塞于深沟大壑之中。偶因风荡，或被云摧，略有摇动感发之意，一丝半缕误而逸出者，值灵秀之气适过，正不容邪，邪复妒正，两不相下；&lt;br /&gt;
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His cruel and evil spirit could not overflow in broad daylight, so it condensed and filled deep ditches and gullies. Occasionally, due to the wind, or being destroyed by clouds, it feels slightly shaken, and a trace of half a wisp of error escapes. It is worthy of the beautiful Qi. If it is suitable, right should not be evil, evil should be jealous of right, and the two are not the same;--[[User:Wang Zhenlong|Wang Zhenlong]] ([[User talk:Wang Zhenlong|talk]]) 06:56, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Its cruel and evil spirit could not overflow in the light of the day, so it condensed and filled in deep ditches and gullies. Occasionally, due to the wind, or being destroyed by clouds, it feels slightly shaken, and a trace or half wisp of error escapes. It is worthy of the beautiful Qi. If it is suitable, the right is incompatible with the evil, and the evil should be jealous of the right, and the two are on the opposite sides.--[[User:Wei Yiwen|Wei Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Wei Yiwen|talk]]) 08:59, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==卫怡雯 Wèi Yíwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081526==&lt;br /&gt;
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如风水雷电地中既遇，既不能消，又不能让，必致搏击掀发。既然发泄，那邪气亦必赋之于人。假使或男或女偶秉此气而生者，上则不能为仁人为君子，下亦不能为大凶大恶。&lt;br /&gt;
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Like the wind, water, thunder, lightning meeting each other on the ground, they can neither disappear nor yield, and must fight against and turn over each other. Once it lets off, people will be endowed with evil influence. If men and women were both born on this air by accident, they cannot be up to benevolent gentlemen or down to villains.--[[User:Wei Yiwen|Wei Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Wei Yiwen|talk]]) 12:59, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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If wind, water, thunder, lightning meet each other on the ground, they can neither disappear nor yield, and must fight against and turn over each other. Once the evil air is let off, people will be endowed with it. If men or women are born with this air by accident, they cannot be up to benevolent gentlemen or down to extremely vicious villains.--[[User:Wei Chuxuan|Wei Chuxuan]] ([[User talk:Wei Chuxuan|talk]]) 09:13, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏楚璇 Wèi Chǔxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081527==&lt;br /&gt;
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置之千万人之中，其聪俊灵秀之气，则在千万人之上；其乖僻邪谬不近人情之态，又在千万人之下。若生于公侯富贵之家，则为情痴情种；若生于诗书清贫之族，则为逸士高人；纵然生于薄祚寒门，甚至为奇优，为名娼，亦断不至为走卒健仆，甘遭庸夫驱制。&lt;br /&gt;
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This kind of persons are usually outstanding. Their intelligence and beauty are above thousands of people. And their crankiness and indifference are below them. If they are born in a wealthy royal family, they will be persons of constant love. If they are born in a poor family of intellectual, they will become hermits with extraordinary wisdom. Even though if they are unfortunately born in a humble family, men will be excellent actors and women will be famous prostitutes rather than being  servants who have to be used by ordinary people.--[[User:Wei Chuxuan|Wei Chuxuan]] ([[User talk:Wei Chuxuan|talk]]) 09:12, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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This kind of people are usually prominent. Their intelligence and beauty are above millions of people. But their crankiness and indifference are below them. If they are born in a wealthy royal family, they will be people with constant love. If they are born in a poor family of intellectual, they will become hermits with extraordinary wisdom. Even though if they are unfortunately born in a humble family, men will be excellent actors and women will be famous prostitutes rather than being  servants who have to be controlled by ordinary people.--[[User:Wei Zhaoyan|Wei Zhaoyan]] ([[User talk:Wei Zhaoyan|talk]]) 04:15, 9 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏兆妍 Wèi Zhàoyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081528==&lt;br /&gt;
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如前之许由、陶潜、阮籍、嵇康、刘伶、王谢二族、顾虎头、陈后主、唐明皇、宋徽宗、刘庭芝、温飞卿、米南宫、石曼卿、柳耆卿、秦少游，近日倪云林、唐伯虎、祝枝山，再如李龟年、黄幡绰、敬新磨、卓文君、红拂、薛涛、崔莺、朝云之流：此皆易地则同之人也。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Such as the previous generation Xuyou, Taoqian, Ruanji, Jikang, Liuling, the Wang and Xie families, Gu Kaizhi, Chen Shubao, emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty, Liu Tingzhi, Wen Feiqing, Mi Nangong, Shi Manqing, Liu Qiqing, Qin Shaoyou, and the current generation Ni Yunlin, Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, or the generation like Li Guinian, Huang Fanchuo, Jing Xinmo, Zhuo Wenjun, Hongfu, Xuetao, Cuiying, Zhaoyun: they are the kind of people born when the rectitude and the evil spirits fight each other. This kind of people has both the rectitude and the evil spirits.--[[User:Wei Zhaoyan|Wei Zhaoyan]] ([[User talk:Wei Zhaoyan|talk]]) 11:37, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Like the previous generation: Xuyou, Taoqian, Ruanji, Jikang, Liuling, the Wang and Xie families, Gu Kaizhi, Chen Shubao, emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty, Liu Tingzhi, Wen Feiqing, Mi Nangong, Shi Manqing, Liu Qiqing, Qin Shaoyou, and the current generation Ni Yunlin, Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, or the generation like Li Guinian, Huang Fanchuo, Jing Xinmo, Zhuo Wenjun, Hongfu, Xuetao, Cuiying, Zhaoyun. Though this kind of people didn’t live in the same period of time, didn’t have the same experience, they had the same ambition.--[[User:Wu Jingyue|Wu Jingyue]] ([[User talk:Wu Jingyue|talk]]) 13:58, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴婧悦 Wú Jìngyuè 俄语语言文学 女 202120081529==&lt;br /&gt;
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子兴道：“依你说，成则公侯败则贼了？”雨村道：“正是这意。你还不知，我自革职以来，这两年遍游各省，也曾遇见两个异样孩子，所以方才你一说这宝玉，我就猜着了八九也是这一派人物。&lt;br /&gt;
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Antiquary said: “ As you said, the winner will be the duke, and the loser will be the traitor?”Rainvillage Merchant said: “ This is what I was talking about. You didn’t know, that since I was removed from the position, I traveled around all the provinces, and also met some unusual boys, so when you just talked about Precious Jade, I guessed that he was such a boy, too.--[[User:Wu Jingyue|Wu Jingyue]] ([[User talk:Wu Jingyue|talk]]) 13:52, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Zixing said, &amp;quot;according to you, if you become a duke, if you lose, you will become a thief.&amp;quot; Yucun said, &amp;quot;that's exactly what you mean. You don't know that I have traveled all over the provinces in the past two years since I was dismissed. I have met two different children, so I guessed that 89 is also a figure of this school.&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴映红 Wú Yìnghóng 日语语言文学 女 202120081530==&lt;br /&gt;
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不用远说，只这金陵城内钦差金陵省体仁院总裁甄家，你可知道？”子兴道：“谁人不知，这甄府就是贾府老亲，他们两家来往极亲热的。就是我也和他家往来非止一日了。”&lt;br /&gt;
Needless to say, it's only Zhen Jia, President of Jinling Provincial Institute of physical benevolence, who is an imperial envoy in Jinling City. Do you know? &amp;quot; Zixing, &amp;quot;no one knows that Zhen's house is the old relative of Jia's house. Their two families are very friendly. Even I have been with him for a long time.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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Do you know zhen Jia, president of Qinchai Tiren Academy of Jinling Province in Jinling City?&amp;quot; Zi Xing said, &amp;quot;Who knows? Zhen Fu is jia fu's old man, and the two families are very close to each other. Even I have been with them a long time.&amp;quot;--[[User:Xiao Yiyao|Xiao Yiyao]] ([[User talk:Xiao Yiyao|talk]]) 11:00, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村笑道：“去岁我在金陵，也曾有人荐我到甄府处馆。我进去看其光景，谁知他家那等荣贵，却是个富而好礼之家，倒是个难得之馆。但是这个学生虽是启蒙，却比一个举业的还劳神。&lt;br /&gt;
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Rain village Merchant smiled and said:”When I was in Nanjing last year, someone recommended me to teach in the House of Merchant. After I went there, I realized that his family is so prosperous and rich, but they also advocate etiquette, which is very rare. Although this student is a beginner, he is more serious than the examinee who wants to take the scientific examination.”--[[User:Xiao Yiyao|Xiao Yiyao]] ([[User talk:Xiao Yiyao|talk]]) 06:45, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Yu Cun smiled and said:”When I was in Jinling last year, someone recommended me to teach at Zhen Mansion. After I went there, I realized that his family is so prosperous and rich, but they also advocate etiquette, which is very rare. Although this student is a beginner, he is more serious than the examinee who wants to take the imperial examination.”--[[User:Xie Jiafen|Xie Jiafen]] ([[User talk:Xie Jiafen|talk]]) 07:15, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532==&lt;br /&gt;
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说起来更可笑，他说：‘必得两个女儿陪着我读书，我方能认得字，心上也明白；不然，我心里自己糊涂。’又常对着跟他的小厮们说：‘这“女儿”两个字极尊贵极清净的，比那瑞兽珍禽、奇花异草更觉稀罕尊贵呢。&lt;br /&gt;
Even it is more ridiculous when he said: &amp;quot;I must have two daughters to accompany me to study, so that I can recognize words and understand them in my heart; Otherwise, I will be confused. &amp;quot; He often said to his pageboys: &amp;quot;the word&amp;quot; daughter &amp;quot;is very noble and pure, which is more rare and noble than the auspicious animals, rare birds and exotic flowers and plants.--[[User:Xie Jiafen|Xie Jiafen]] ([[User talk:Xie Jiafen|talk]]) 11:18, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Even it is more ridiculous when he said: &amp;quot;I must have two daughters to accompany me to study, so that I can recognize words and understand them in my heart; Otherwise, I will be confused. &amp;quot; He often said to his pageboys: &amp;quot;the word&amp;quot; daughter &amp;quot;is very noble and pure, which is more rare and noble than the auspicious animals, rare birds and exotic flowers and plants.--[[User:Xie Qinglin|Xie Qinglin]] ([[User talk:Xie Qinglin|talk]]) 02:56, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢庆琳 Xiè Qìnglín 俄语语言文学 女 202120081533==&lt;br /&gt;
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你们这种浊口臭舌，万万不可唐突了这两个字，要紧，要紧！但凡要说的时节，必用净水香茶漱了口方可；设若失错，便要凿牙穿眼的。’其暴虐顽劣，种种异常。&lt;br /&gt;
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You have such a foul mouth and stinky tongue, you must not be abrupt these two words, important, important! But whenever you say something, you must rinse your mouth with clean water and fragrant tea; if you make a mistake, you will have to cut your teeth through your eyes.' The tyrannical and stubborn, all kinds of abnormalities.--[[User:Xie Qinglin|Xie Qinglin]] ([[User talk:Xie Qinglin|talk]]) 02:55, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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You have such a foul mouth and stinky tongue, you must not be abrupt these two words, important, important! But whenever you say something, you must rinse your mouth with clean water and fragrant tea; if you make a mistake, you will have to cut your teeth through your eyes.' The tyrannical and stubborn, all kinds of abnormalities.--[[User:Xiong Min|Xiong Min]] ([[User talk:Xiong Min|talk]]) 03:15, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==熊敏 Xióng Mǐn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081534==&lt;br /&gt;
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只放了学进去，见了那些女儿们，其温厚和平，聪敏文雅，竟变了一个样子。因此，他令尊也曾下死笞楚过几次，竟不能改。每打的吃疼不过时，他便姐姐妹妹的乱叫起来。&lt;br /&gt;
After class, he saw those daughters, who were gentle, tranquil and clever looking different. Therefore, his father was also beaten for several times. Everytime he was beaten to death, he screamed sisters' names.&lt;br /&gt;
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After class, he went in and met those daughters changed, who were gentle, peaceful, intelligent and elegant. Therefore, his father was also beaten for several times. Everytime he was beaten to death, he screamed sisters' names.--[[User:Xu Minyun|Xu Minyun]] ([[User talk:Xu Minyun|talk]]) 14:07, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==徐敏赟 Xú Mǐnyūn 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 男 202120081535==&lt;br /&gt;
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后来听得里面女儿们拿他取笑：‘因何打急了，只管叫姐妹作什么？莫不叫姐妹们去讨情讨饶？你岂不愧些？’他回答的最妙，他说：‘急痛之时，只叫姐姐妹妹字样，或可解疼，也未可知，因叫了一声，果觉疼得好些。&lt;br /&gt;
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Then he heard his daughters make fun of him: &amp;quot;Why do you call sisters when you are in pain? Why not let them beg for forgiveness? Aren't you ashamed?&amp;quot; He answered it best, saying, ‘In a time of acute pain, if I call the sisters, which may relieve the pain or not. However, I do felt the pain lessened a little when I called them'.--[[User:Xu Minyun|Xu Minyun]] ([[User talk:Xu Minyun|talk]]) 13:45, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Then he heard his daughters make fun of him: &amp;quot;Why do you call sisters when you are in pain? Do you want to let them beg for forgiveness? Aren't you ashamed?&amp;quot; He answered it best, saying, &amp;quot;In a time of acute pain, if I call the sisters, which may relieve the pain or not. However, I do felt the pain lessened a little when I called them&amp;quot;.--[[User:Yan Jing|Yan Jing]] ([[User talk:Yan Jing|talk]]) 00:34, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜静 Yán Jìng 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 女 202120081536==&lt;br /&gt;
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遂得了秘法，每疼痛之极，便连叫姐妹起来了。’你说可笑不可笑？为他祖母溺爱不明，每因孙辱师责子，我所以辞了馆出来的。这等子弟，必不能守祖、父基业，从师友规劝的。只可惜他家几个好姊妹都是少有的。”&lt;br /&gt;
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So he got the secret method, and every time he felt the pain, he called his sisters. &amp;quot; Do you also feel ridiculous? And his grandmother doted on him so deeply that I as his teacher was usually insulted and blamed. So I resigned from there. The children like him would not be able to keep the inheritance of their ancestors and follow the advice of their teachers and friends. But it's a pity becasue several sisters in his family are rarely good. &amp;quot;--[[User:Yan Jing|Yan Jing]] ([[User talk:Yan Jing|talk]]) 00:52, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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And his grandmother doted on him so deeply that I was usually insulted and blamed as his teacher. Such child like him would not be able to keep the inheritance of their ancestors and follow the advice of their teachers and friends.--[[User:Yan Lili|Yan Lili]] ([[User talk:Yan Lili|talk]]) 13:54, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜莉莉 Yán Lìlì 国别 女 202120081537==&lt;br /&gt;
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子兴道：“便是贾府中现在三个也不错。政老爷的长女名元春，因贤孝才德，选入宫作女史去了。二小姐乃是赦老爷姨娘所出，名迎春；三小姐政老爷庶出，名探春；四小姐乃宁府珍爷的胞妹，名惜春：&lt;br /&gt;
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Zixing said, &amp;quot;The three girls in Jia's mansion are not bad either. Master Merchant's eldest daughter was named First Spring Merchant. Because of her virtue and filial piety, she was chosen to be a female historian in the court. The second lady was born to Pardon Merchant'concubine, her name was Spring Pleasure Merchant; The third lady was born to Master Merchant's concubine and was named Seeking-Spring Merchant. The fourth lady is the sister of Treasure Merchant in Ning' mansion, named Cherishing Spring Merchant:&lt;br /&gt;
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“ The three girls in the Jia fumily aren ’ t bad either ,” rejoined Zixing .“ Master Merchant ’s elder daughter First Spring Merchant was chosen to be a Lady － Clerk in the palace of the heir apparent because of her goodness , filial piety and talents . The second , Spring Pleasure Merchant, is Pardon Merchant’s daughter by a concubine . The third Seeking-Spring Merchant , is Master Merchant ’ s daughter a concubine . The fourth , Cherishing Spring Merchant , is the younger sister of Treasure Merchant of the Ning Mansion .--[[User:Yan Zihan|Yan Zihan]] ([[User talk:Yan Zihan|talk]]) 09:43, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜子涵 Yán Zǐhán 国别 女 202120081538==&lt;br /&gt;
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因史老夫人极爱孙女，都跟在祖母这边，一处读书，听得个个不错。”雨村道：“更妙在甄家风俗：女儿之名，亦皆从男子之名；不似别人家里，另外用这些‘春’、‘红’、‘香’、‘玉’等艳字。&lt;br /&gt;
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As dowager lady Shi is so fondly attached to her granddaughters , they come , for the most part , over to their grandmother ’s place to prosecute their studies together , and each one of these girls is , I hear , without a fault . Yucun said, “I prefer the Zhen family ’s way of giving their daughters the same sort of names as boys instead of choosing flowery names meaning Spring , Red , Fragrant or Jade .” --[[User:Yan Zihan|Yan Zihan]] ([[User talk:Yan Zihan|talk]]) 09:37, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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“As dowager lady Shi is so attached to these grand-daughters that she makes them study in the Rong Mansion near her, and I hear good reports of them all.” Yucun said, “I prefer the Zhen family ’s way of giving their daughters the same sort of names as boys instead of choosing flowery names meaning Spring , Red , Fragrant or Jade .” --[[User:Yang Jiaying|Yang Jiaying]] ([[User talk:Yang Jiaying|talk]]) 16:12, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==阳佳颖 Yáng Jiāyǐng 国别 女 202120081540==&lt;br /&gt;
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何得贾府亦落此俗套？”子兴道：“不然。只因现今大小姐是正月初一所生，故名元春，馀者都从了‘春’字；上一排的却也是从弟兄而来的。现有对证：目今你贵东家林公的夫人，即荣府中赦、政二公的胞妹，在家时名字唤贾敏。&lt;br /&gt;
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But how is it that the Jia family have likewise fallen into this convention？&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Not so！&amp;quot; said Zixing. &amp;quot;It is simply because the eldest daughter was born on the first day of the first month，that she was called First Spring Merchant；And the rest followed Spring in their names. But the names of the last generation are adopted from those of their brothers；and there is at present an instance in support of this. The wife of your respected employer，Mr. Lin，is the sister of Mr.Pardon Merchant and Mr.Master Merchant，and while at home,she was named Djia Min. --[[User:Yang Jiaying|Yang Jiaying]] ([[User talk:Yang Jiaying|talk]]) 15:54, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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But how could that the Jia family have also become so vulgar in terms of the name of the daughters？&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;It’s not what you think&amp;quot; said Zixing. &amp;quot;It is simply because the eldest daughter was born on the first day of the first month in the lunar year, that she was called First Spring Merchant；And then the rest had Spring in their names too. But all the names of the girls of the last generation are adopted from those of their brothers；and there is at present an instance in support of this. The wife of your respected employer，Mr. Lin，is the sister of Mr.Pardon Merchant and Mr.Master Merchant，and while at home,she was named Djia Min.--[[User:Yang Aijiang|Yang Aijiang]] ([[User talk:Yang Aijiang|talk]]) 03:49, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨爱江 Yáng Àijiāng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081541==&lt;br /&gt;
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不信时你回去细访可知。”雨村拍手笑道：“是极。我这女学生名叫黛玉，他读书凡‘敏’字，他皆念作‘密’字；写字遇着‘敏’字，亦减一二笔。我心中每每疑惑，今听你说，是为此无疑矣。&lt;br /&gt;
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If you don’t believe me, check up carefully when you go back. Yucun pounded the table with a laugh. That’s right. The name of my girl student is Daiyu. She always pronounces min as mi and misses one or two strokes when writing. That puzzled me every time. Now  I finally understand the reason behind it after hearing your words. --[[User:Yang Aijiang|Yang Aijiang]] ([[User talk:Yang Aijiang|talk]]) 03:30, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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If you don’t believe me, inquire carefully when you go back. Rainvillage pounded the table and smiled :”That's right. The name of my girl student is Mascara Jade. She always pronounces ‘Min’ as ‘Mi’ and misses one or two strokes when writing. That puzzled me every time. Now I finally understand the reason behind it after hearing your words. “--[[User:Yang Kun|Yang Kun]] ([[User talk:Yang Kun|talk]]) 03:39, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨堃 Yáng Kūn 法语语言文学 女 202120081542==&lt;br /&gt;
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怪道我这女学生言语举止另是一样，不与凡女子相同，度其母不凡，故生此女。今知为荣府之外孙，又不足罕矣。可惜上月其母竟亡故了。”子兴叹道：“老姊妹三个，这是极小的，又没了；&lt;br /&gt;
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It's strange that my female student's speech and behavior are different. She is not the same as other ordinary ladies. Hence,I guess that her mother is extraordinary and so is she. Since I know that she is the granddaughter of the Mansion of Rongguo,it is not strange that she is such a girl. Unfortunately, her mother died last month. Zixing sighed, &amp;quot;Among the three sisters, she is the youngest and she's also dead.&amp;quot;--[[User:Yang Kun|Yang Kun]] ([[User talk:Yang Kun|talk]]) 02:30, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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No wonder that my female student's speech and behavior are unique and she is not the same as other ordinary ladies. That's because her mother is extraordinary and so is she. Since I know that she is the granddaughter of the Mansion of Rongguo,it is not suprising that she is such a girl. Unfortunately, her mother died last month. Zixing sighed, &amp;quot;Among the three sisters, she is the youngest and she's also dead.&amp;quot;--[[User:Yang Liuqing|Yang Liuqing]] ([[User talk:Yang Liuqing|talk]]) 10:43, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨柳青 Yáng Liǔqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081543==&lt;br /&gt;
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长一辈的姊妹，一个也没了。只看这小一辈的将来的东床何如呢。”雨村道：“正是。方才说政公已有一个衔玉之子，又有长子所遗弱孙，这赦老竟无一个不成？”&lt;br /&gt;
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There are no elder sisters. Then we just look forward to the younger generation's son-in-laws. Jia Yucun says: That's it. I have just heard that Jia Zheng has a son, Prescious Jade Merchant who is born with a jade. And he has a grandson who is his eldest son's child. Doesn't Jia She have any children?--[[User:Yang Liuqing|Yang Liuqing]] ([[User talk:Yang Liuqing|talk]]) 07:09, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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“No one's left in the elder sisters, Let's just see what will happen to the younger generation's sons-in-law.” “Exactly.”Jia Yucun says:“I've just heard that Master Zheng's got a another son, and his eldest son had given him a grandson. What's the matter with Master Xie? He hasn't had one yet!”--[[User:Ye Weijie|Ye Weijie]] ([[User talk:Ye Weijie|talk]]) 02:40, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==叶维杰 Yè Wéijié 国别 男 202120081544==&lt;br /&gt;
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子兴道：“政公既有玉儿之后，其妾又生了一个，倒不知其好歹。只眼前现有二子一孙，却不知将来何如。若问那赦老爷，也有一子，名叫贾琏，今已二十多岁了，亲上做亲，娶的是政老爷夫人王氏内侄女，今已娶了四五年。&lt;br /&gt;
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Zi Xing says:“After Master Zheng had Yu er, his concubine gave birth to another child, don't know whether it is good or bad. Right now they already have two children and a grandson, but not knowing what should do in the future. Master Xie also has a son named Jia Lian, who is about 20 years old now. Jia Lian married Master Zheng's wife Wang's niece, it was an intermarry between their families, and it's been five years now.”&lt;br /&gt;
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Zi Xing said:&amp;quot; Master Merchant's concubine had given birth to another kid for him after having the son named Precious Jade, and didn't know the kid good or bad. So he only had two sons and a grandson at that time and didn't know the future held. Pardon Merchant also had a son named Romance Merchant, who was about 20 years old. Romance Merchant married Master Merchant's wife Lady King's niece, it was an intermarry between their families, and it's been five years now.”--[[User:Yi Yangfan|Yi Yangfan]] ([[User talk:Yi Yangfan|talk]]) 06:35, 12 December 2021 (UTC)Yi Yangfan&lt;br /&gt;
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==易扬帆 Yì Yángfān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081545==&lt;br /&gt;
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这位琏爷身上现捐了个同知，也是不喜正务的；于世路上好机变，言谈去得，所以目今只在乃叔政老爷家住，帮着料理家务。谁知自娶了这位奶奶之后，倒上下无人不称颂他的夫人，琏爷倒退了一舍之地：模样又极标致，言谈又爽利，心机又极深细，竟是个男人万不及一的。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Romance Merchant had now paid for an official, but he was also uncomfortable with formal affairs; he was so clever and well-spoken in his career that he was currently living in the house of Master Merchant, Romance Merchant's uncle, and helping with the household chores. There is no idea that since marrying this difficult girl, no one in the house would not praise his wife, and that Romance Merchant would not be able to match her: she is so good-looking, so sharp-tongued, and so deep-witted that she is a man's equal.&amp;quot;--[[User:Yi Yangfan|Yi Yangfan]] ([[User talk:Yi Yangfan|talk]]) 06:11, 12 December 2021 (UTC)Yi Yangfan&lt;br /&gt;
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Romance Merchant had now bought a title as an official, but he was also uncomfortable with formal affairs. He was so clever and well-spoken in his career that he was currently living in the house of Maister Merchant, Romance Merchant's uncle, and helping with the household chores.  After he married his wife, everyone praised her, and that made Romance Merchant less popular: she is so good-looking, so sharp-tongued, and so deep-witted that she is a man's equal.&amp;quot;--[[User:Yin Huizhen|Yin Huizhen]] ([[User talk:Yin Huizhen|talk]]) 10:49, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷慧珍 Yīn Huìzhēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081546==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村听了，笑道：“可知我言不谬了。你我方才所说的这几个人，只怕都是那正邪两赋而来一路之人，未可知也。”子兴道：“正也罢，邪也罢，只顾算别人家的账，你也吃杯酒才好。”&lt;br /&gt;
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After hearing this, Yucun smiled and said, “now you know what I said is true. I’m afraid these people we just talked about are probably those who have the temperament of justice and evil.” Zixing said: “whether these people are just or evil, don't just talk about other people's gossip, and also remember to drink more.” --[[User:Yin Huizhen|Yin Huizhen]] ([[User talk:Yin Huizhen|talk]]) 08:36, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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After hearing this, Yucun laughed and said, “now you know what I said is true. I’m afraid these people we just talked about are probably those who have both good and evil temperament.” Zixing said: “It doesn't matter whether these people are good or evil, you should also take a drink rather than only talking about other people's gossip.”--[[User:Yin Meida|Yin Meida]] ([[User talk:Yin Meida|talk]]) 09:12, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷美达 Yīn Měidá 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081547==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村道：“只顾说话，就多吃了几杯。”子兴笑道：“说着别人家的闲话，正好下酒，即多吃几杯何妨？”雨村向窗外看道：“天也晚了，仔细关了城，我们慢慢进城再谈，未为不可。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Yucun said: &amp;quot;I have to drink a few more cups of alcohol because I kept talking all the time&amp;quot;. Zixing said while laughing: &amp;quot; Help yourself! Gossip goes well with alcohol&amp;quot;. Yucun looked out the window and said:&amp;quot; It's getting dark. We'd better continue our talk after entering the city in case the gate is shut.&amp;quot; --[[User:Yin Meida|Yin Meida]] ([[User talk:Yin Meida|talk]]) 09:28, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Rainvillage Merchant said: &amp;quot;I accidentally drink a few more cups of alcohol because I kept talking all the time&amp;quot;. Zixing said while laughing: &amp;quot; Enjoy yourself! Gossip goes well with alcohol&amp;quot;. Yucun looked out the window and said:&amp;quot; It has been dark. We'd better continue our talk after entering the city in case the gate shuts.&amp;quot;--[[User:Yin Yuan|Yin Yuan]] ([[User talk:Yin Yuan|talk]]) 09:39, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==尹媛 Yǐn Yuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081548==&lt;br /&gt;
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于是二人起身，算还酒钱。方欲走时，忽听得后面有人叫道：“雨村兄恭喜了！特来报个喜信的。”雨村忙回头看时……要知是谁，且听下回分解。&lt;br /&gt;
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So they got up and paid for the wine. When they was leaving, he heard someone calling behind: &amp;quot;Congratulations! My friend Rainvillage Merchant. Someone brings a lucky message to you.&amp;quot; Rainvillage Merchant looks back at once... Who is it? Please expect the next chapter--[[User:Yin Yuan|Yin Yuan]] ([[User talk:Yin Yuan|talk]]) 05:03, 5 December 2021 (UTC).&lt;br /&gt;
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So they got up and paid for the wine. When they was leaving, he heard someone calling behind: &amp;quot;Congratulations! My friend Yucun. Someone brings a lucky message to you.&amp;quot; Yucun looked back at once... Who was it? Please expect the next chapter.--[[User:Zhan Ruoxuan|Zhan Ruoxuan]] ([[User talk:Zhan Ruoxuan|talk]]) 14:19, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==詹若萱 Zhān Ruòxuān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081549==&lt;br /&gt;
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外班──清代会试考取进士后，留在朝中任官者称“京官”，分发外地任地方官者称“外班”。因新官分发到地方后要候补，按班次任官，故称“外班”。​同寅皆侧目而视──同寅：即同僚。&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;Wai Ban&amp;quot;(Foreign class) -- After passing the highest imperial examinations in Qing Dynasty, those who stayed in the court as officials were called &amp;quot;jingguan&amp;quot;, while those who were dispatched to other places as local officials were called &amp;quot;foreign class&amp;quot;. Because the new officers who were distributed to the local needed wait for the appointment, according to the official appointment system established in Qing Dynasty.so it was called &amp;quot;outside the shift&amp;quot;. Yin(colleagues)all sidelong glance ── with Yin: namely colleague.--[[User:Zhan Ruoxuan|Zhan Ruoxuan]] ([[User talk:Zhan Ruoxuan|talk]]) 14:17, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Foreign class -- After the qing dynasty imperial examinations, those who stayed in the court as officials were called &amp;quot;jingguan&amp;quot;, and those who were dispatched to other places as local officials were called &amp;quot;foreign class&amp;quot;. Because the new officer distribution to the local to wait for the officer, according to the shift, so called &amp;quot;outside the shift&amp;quot;. With Yin all sidelong eyes and look ── with Yin: namely colleague.--[[User:Zhang Qiuyi|Zhang Qiuyi]] ([[User talk:Zhang Qiuyi|talk]]) 13:56, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张秋怡 Zhāng Qiūyí 亚非语言文学 女 202120081550==&lt;br /&gt;
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典出《尚书·虞书·皋陶谟》：“百僚师师，百工惟时……同寅协恭，和衷哉。”寅时是朝臣上朝之时，故称。 侧目而视：斜着眼看。语出《战国策·秦策一》：“(苏秦)将说楚王，路过洛阳。&lt;br /&gt;
Code out of &amp;quot;Shang Shu · Yu Shu · Gao Tao Mo&amp;quot; : &amp;quot;100 liao division division, 100 work but time...... Cooperate with Yin and be respectful and sincere.&amp;quot; Yin shi is the court when the court, so called. Sidelong: to look sideways. Su Qin will say that the king of Chu is passing by Luoyang.--[[User:Zhang Qiuyi|Zhang Qiuyi]] ([[User talk:Zhang Qiuyi|talk]]) 13:12, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The code is out of ''Shang Shu · Yu Shu · Gao Tao Mo'' : Numerous bureaucrats and teachers work only a hundred hours...... Cooperate with Yin and be respectful and sincere.&amp;quot; The Yin time is the court when raised, so it's called. Sidelook: to look sideways. From ''Warring States policy · Qin policy I'':&amp;quot; Su Qin will say that the king of Chu is passing by Luoyang.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zhang Yang|Zhang Yang]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yang|talk]]) 06:57, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张扬 Zhāng Yáng 国别 男 202120081551==&lt;br /&gt;
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父母闻之，清宫除道，张乐设饮，郊迎三十里；妻侧目而视，倾耳而听；嫂蛇行匍伏，四拜自跪而谢。”原表示敬畏。引申以表示愤怒或不齿。​&lt;br /&gt;
When his parents heard of it, they cleared the palace and cleaned the road. Zhang Le set up a repast and welcomed thirty miles away far from home. His wife looked sideways and listened attentively, and his sister-in-law crawled on her knees for thanks.&amp;quot; Originally it expressed awe. Extended to express anger or disdain.--[[User:Zhang Yang|Zhang Yang]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yang|talk]]) 06:53, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
When his parents heard of this, they cleared the palace and Zhang Le set up music and drinks to welcome him to the countryside for thirty miles. His wife looked sideways and listened attentively, and his sister-in-law crawled on her knees for thanks.&amp;quot; Originally it expressed awe. Extended to express anger or disdain.--[[User:Zhang Yiran|Zhang Yiran]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yiran|talk]]) 04:30, 10 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张怡然 Zhāng Yírán 俄语语言文学 女 202120081552==&lt;br /&gt;
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维扬──扬州(在今江苏省)的别称。大禹所划分的“九州”之一。典出《尚书·夏书·禹贡》：“淮海惟扬州。”“惟”通“维”。&lt;br /&gt;
Wei Yang - an alternative name for Yangzhou (Jiangsu province). It was one of the &amp;quot;nine states&amp;quot; delineated by the Great Yu. The name is derived from ''Shang Shu - Xia Shu - Yu Gong'': &amp;quot;The Huaihai Sea is only Yangzhou.&amp;quot; The word &amp;quot;but&amp;quot; is synonymous with &amp;quot;wei&amp;quot;.--[[User:Zhang Yiran|Zhang Yiran]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yiran|talk]]) 04:27, 10 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Dimension Poplar - another name of Yangzhou (in today's Jiangsu Province) which is one of the &amp;quot;Kyushu&amp;quot; divided by Dayu. From the book Shangshu· Xiashu · Yugong  &amp;quot;the Huaihai sea Wei Yangzhou” &amp;quot;Wei&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;wei”--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 06:08, 9 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟义菲 Zhōng Yìfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081553==&lt;br /&gt;
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后人从“惟扬州”截取“惟扬”，又以“维”代“惟”，遂成“维扬”。如北朝周·庾信《哀江南赋》：“淮海维扬，三千馀里。”​探花──科举考试中殿试(最高一级考试)一甲第三名(第一名为状元，第二名为榜眼)。&lt;br /&gt;
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Later generations intercepted &amp;quot;Weiyang&amp;quot; from &amp;quot;weiyangzhou&amp;quot; and replaced &amp;quot;Weiyang&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;Wei&amp;quot;, so it became &amp;quot;Weiyang&amp;quot;. For example, Yuxin's Fu on mourning the south of the Yangtze River in the Northern Dynasty said, &amp;quot;the Huaihai sea is vast, more than 3000 miles.&amp;quot; Tanhua—the third place in the first grade of the palace examination (the highest level examination) (the first place is called Zhuangyuan and the second place is called Bangyan）--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 09:04, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Later generations intercepted &amp;quot;Weiyang&amp;quot; from &amp;quot;weiyangzhou&amp;quot; and replaced &amp;quot;Weiyang&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;Wei&amp;quot;, so it became &amp;quot;Weiyang&amp;quot;. For example, Yuxin's Poetic essay on mourning the south of the Yangtze River in the Northern Dynasty said, &amp;quot;the Weiyang city is vast, more than 3000 miles.&amp;quot; Tanhua—the third place in the first grade of the palace examination (the highest level examination) (the first place is called Zhuangyuan and the second place is called Bangyan)--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 09:15, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟雨露 Zhōng Yǔlù 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081554==&lt;br /&gt;
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本于唐代的“探花使”，亦称“探花郎”。唐·李淖《秦中岁时记》：“进士杏园初宴，谓之探花宴。差少俊二人为探花使，遍游名园，若它人先折花，二使皆被罚。”&lt;br /&gt;
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“Tan Huashi” in Tang Dynasty is also called “Tan Hualang”. Li Nao once wrote: “ The newly crowned scholars met in the Apricot Garden to feast with their peers who had been crowned in the same year. This banquet was known as the Flower Search Banquet. Two young and good-looking candidates were chosen to be the flower scouts, and they were asked to visit all the famous gardens and scout for flowers. If someone else took the flowers first, the two flower scouts would be punished with a drink.”--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 09:06, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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“Tan Huashi” in Tang Dynasty is also called “Tan Hualang”. Li Nao who lived in Tang Dynasty once wrote: “ The newly crowned scholars met in the Apricot Garden to feast with their peers who had been crowned in the same year. This banquet was known as the Flower Search Banquet. Two young and good-looking candidates were chosen to be the flower scouts, and they were asked to visit all the famous gardens and scout for flowers. If someone else took the flowers first, the two flower scouts would be punished with a drink.”--[[User:Zhou Jiu|Zhou Jiu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Jiu|talk]]) 01:09, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周玖 Zhōu Jiǔ 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081555==&lt;br /&gt;
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又宋·魏泰《东轩笔录》卷六：“进士及第后，例期集一月……又选最年少者二人为探花使，赋诗，世谓之探花郎。”​&lt;br /&gt;
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Wei Tai in Song Dynasty wrote that in his Dongxuan Bilu (Volume Six): “ In the imperial examination, after winning the imperial examination…… Two young scholars at the celebration were elected as Tanhua. And people named them Tanhua  boy .”--[[User:Zhou Jiu|Zhou Jiu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Jiu|talk]]) 09:19, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Wei Tai wrote in his ''Dongxuan Transcript'' (Volume Six) in Song Dynasty : “Participated in and passed the highest imperial examinations ... then the first two youngest scholars at the examination were chosen as Tanhua. And people named them Tanhua boy.”--[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 13:55, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周俊辉 Zhōu Jùnhuī 法语语言文学 女 202120081556==&lt;br /&gt;
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兰台寺大夫──指专管弹劾的御史。兰台是汉朝宫内藏书之所，由御史大夫主管，故后世将御史台别称“兰台”，将御史府别称“兰台寺”，将御史别称“兰台寺大夫”。​&lt;br /&gt;
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Censor of LanTai  - refers to imperial historian who is in charge of impeachment. LanTai  was the  place where the books were stored in the Palace of the Han Dynasty, and was in charge of the imperial historian. The institution where the imperial historian was later called “LanTai”,  the palace where the imperial historian lived was called “ LanTai Temple”, and the imperial historian was called “censor of LanTai” by later generations.--[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 13:41, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Censor of LanTai - refers to imperial historian who is in charge of impeachment. LanTai was the place where the books were stored in the Palace of the Han Dynasty, and was in charge of the imperial historian. Accordimgly, the institution where the imperial historian was later called “LanTai” the palace where the imperial historian lived was called “ LanTai Temple”, and the imperial historian was called “censor of LanTai” by later generations.--[[User:Zhou Qiao1|Zhou Qiao1]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qiao1|talk]]) 06:46, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周巧 Zhōu Qiǎo 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081557==&lt;br /&gt;
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列侯──古代爵名。在秦称“彻侯”，为二十四级爵位中的最高一级。至汉代为避汉武帝刘彻之讳，改为“通侯”。“通”与“彻”同义，是改名不改义。“通侯”之意是表示受爵者功勋通于王室。&lt;br /&gt;
Marquis - Ancient Baron name. In Qin Dynasty, it was called &amp;quot;chehou&amp;quot;, which was the highest among twenty-four levels. In the Han Dynasty, in order to avoid the taboo of Liu Che, Emperor of the Han Dynasty, it was changed to &amp;quot;tonghou&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;Tong&amp;quot; is synonymous with &amp;quot;Che&amp;quot; in Chinese, in this way changing the name without changing the meaning. &amp;quot;Tong Hou&amp;quot; means that the recipient has done meritorious services to the royal family.--[[User:Zhou Qiao1|Zhou Qiao1]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qiao1|talk]]) 09:17, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Marquis──Ancient noble name. In Qin Dynasty, it was called &amp;quot;Che Hou&amp;quot;, and it was the highest rank among the twenty-four ranks. In the Han Dynasty, it was changed to &amp;quot;Tonghou&amp;quot; to avoid the taboo of Han Wudi Liu Che. &amp;quot;Tong&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Che&amp;quot; are synonymous, which means changing the name without changing the meaning. &amp;quot;Tong Hou&amp;quot; means that the meritorious deeds of the nobility are passed to the royal family.--[[User:Zhou Qing|Zhou Qing]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qing|talk]]) 15:25, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周清 Zhōu Qīng 法语语言文学 女 202120081558==&lt;br /&gt;
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后又改为“列侯”，表示序列之意。见《汉书·高帝纪下》颜师古注。清代并无此爵，只是借指侯爵。清代爵位分公、侯、伯、子、男，侯爵为第二等。&lt;br /&gt;
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Later it was changed to &amp;quot;Liehou&amp;quot;, which means sequence. See Yan Shigu's Note in &amp;quot;The Book of Han·Gao Di Jixia&amp;quot;. There was no such nobility in the Qing Dynasty, but a reference to the marquis. In the Qing Dynasty, the titles were divided into Gong, Marquis, Bo, Zi, and Male, and Marquis was the second class.&lt;br /&gt;
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Later it was changed to &amp;quot;Liehou&amp;quot;, which means sequence. See Yan Shigu's Note in &amp;quot;Book of Han• Han Gaozu ( the first emperor of Han dynasty)&amp;quot;. There was no such nobility in the Qing Dynasty, but a reference to the marquess. In the Qing Dynasty, the titles were divided into Duck,Marquess, Earl, Viscount, Baron and Marquess was the second class.--[[User:Zhou Xiaoxue|Zhou Xiaoxue]] ([[User talk:Zhou Xiaoxue|talk]]) 16:03, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周小雪 Zhōu Xiǎoxuě 日语语言文学 女 202120081559==&lt;br /&gt;
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膝下荒凉──意谓子女稀少，尤无儿子。 膝下：这里指子女。因幼儿多倚偎于父母膝旁，故称。《孝经·圣治》：“故亲生之膝下，以养父母日严。”唐玄宗注：“亲犹爱也，膝下谓孩童之时也。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Desolate at the knees means that there are few children, especially no sons. Under the Knee: it means children. The reason why children are called knee is that children often nestle to their parents' knees.''The Classic of Filial Piety·Shengzhi'' says &amp;quot;the feeling of affection grows up at parents’ knees. As children grow up, they become more and more respectful of their parents.&amp;quot; Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty noted: &amp;quot;Be close to your parents and love them. Under the knees is the time of a child.--[[User:Zhou Xiaoxue|Zhou Xiaoxue]] ([[User talk:Zhou Xiaoxue|talk]]) 05:48, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Desolate below the knee means that there are few children, especially no sons. Knee: it refers to children. The reason why children are called knee is that children mostly lean on their parents' knees. &amp;quot;The Book of Filial Piety·Shengzhi&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Therefore, the days of adoptive parents are strict under the knees of one's own birth.&amp;quot; Tang Xuanzong's note: &amp;quot;You are still in love with you, and under your knees is the time of a child.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zhu Suzhen|Zhu Suzhen]] ([[User talk:Zhu Suzhen|talk]]) 13:29, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==朱素珍 Zhū Sùzhēn 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081561==&lt;br /&gt;
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荒凉：形容因子女稀少而家庭显得清冷凄凉。西席──古人座次以右(西)为尊，故右席为宾客和塾师之位，坐西面东，故称幕宾和塾师为“西席”或“西宾”。&lt;br /&gt;
Desolate: It can be used to describe such a situation: a family becomes desolate because of the small number of children. West Seat ─ ─  the right seat was preferred by the ancients, therefore the right seat belonged to the guests and tutors. Besides, because they sit in the derection of west and face the direcyion of east, so the guests and tutors were called &amp;quot;west seats&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;west guests&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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Desolation: it describes the desolation of the family due to the scarcity of children. West Seat -- the ancients took the right (West) seat as the priority, so the right seat was the seat for guests and school teachers.and because they sit in the derection of west and face the direcyion of east.Therefore, it was called &amp;quot;west seats&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;West guests&amp;quot; for the guests and tutors.--[[User:Zou Yueli|Zou Yueli]] ([[User talk:Zou Yueli|talk]]) 02:19, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邹岳丽 Zōu Yuèlí 日语语言文学 女 202120081562==&lt;br /&gt;
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清·梁章钜《称谓录》卷八：“汉明帝尊桓荣以师礼，上幸太常府，令荣坐东面(坐西面东)，设几。故师曰西席。”这里指家庭教师。“身后”一联──身后有馀：是说馀年还很长(“身后”不可解作死后)。&lt;br /&gt;
Liang Zhangju, Qing Dynasty, wrote in Volume VIII of 《Appellation records》: &amp;quot;Emperor  Mingdi After respected Huan Rong and treated him with teacher courtesy. He once visited Taichang mansion in person, asked Huan Rong to sit in the East, set a table and a walking stick。Therefore, master said it was a seat in the West.&amp;quot; Here refers to a tutor.A couplet of &amp;quot;behind you&amp;quot; - there is surplus behind you: it means that the remaining years are still very long (&amp;quot;behind you&amp;quot; cannot be interpreted as after death).--[[User:Zou Yueli|Zou Yueli]] ([[User talk:Zou Yueli|talk]]) 14:23, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Nadia 202011080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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忘缩手：是说不肯收手，还要争名夺利。 &lt;br /&gt;
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==Mahzad Heydarian 玛莎 202021080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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无路：走投无路。此联是说世人大多只顾眼前，不顾将来，等到走投无路，后悔无及。​&lt;br /&gt;
No way: desperate. This association means that most people in the world only care about the present, regardless of the future, and wait until they are desperate and regret it. ​&lt;br /&gt;
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==Mariam toure 2020GBJ002301==&lt;br /&gt;
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刹──梵语音译省称，意译为佛塔的柱形尖顶，故又称“佛柱”。&lt;br /&gt;
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Sha-Sanskrit transliteration provincial name, free translation is the columnar spire of the stupa, so it is also called &amp;quot;Buddha column&lt;br /&gt;
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==Rouabah Soumaya 202121080001==&lt;br /&gt;
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引申为佛寺。贾复──东汉南阳冠军(今河南邓州市西北)人，累官至左将军，并封胶东侯。&lt;br /&gt;
Extended to Buddhist temple. HiJia Fu——A native of Nanyang Champion of the Eastern Han Dynasty (now northwest of Dengzhou City, Henan Province),he was tired from general to the left and sealed Donghou in Jiao.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Numan 202121080002==&lt;br /&gt;
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《后汉书》有传。姓贾的成千上万，贾雨村却只拉千年前的贾复为一家，足见其拉大旗作虎皮之势利小人肺肝。​There is a biography in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. There are thousands of people surnamed Jia, but Jia Yucun only manages Jia Fu from a thousand years ago. This shows that the Qiraji banner is a tiger skin.​&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Atta Ur Rahman|Atta Ur Rahman]] ([[User talk:Atta Ur Rahman|talk]]) 14:18, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Atta Ur Rahman 202121080003==&lt;br /&gt;
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百足之虫，死而不僵——典出三国魏·曹冏《六代论》：&lt;br /&gt;
A hundred-footed worm does not die - an allusion to Cao Jon's &amp;quot;Six Dynasties&amp;quot; in the Three Kingdoms.&lt;br /&gt;
Note:百足之虫，至死不僵，读作 bǎi zú zhī chóng，zhì sǐ bù jiāng 。 It is used as a metaphor for a group or individual with strong power that will not easily collapse for a while. 百足：The name of a worm with a twenty-sectioned torso that can still wriggle after being severed.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Saqib Mehran 202121080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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“故语曰：‘百足之虫，死而不僵。’扶之者众也。”&lt;br /&gt;
The old saying goes:'Hundred-legged worms die but are not stiff.' There are many who support them.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:Example.jpg]]==Zohaib Chand 202121080005==&lt;br /&gt;
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比喻世家大族虽然衰败，因家底雄厚，依傍众多，表面上仍能维持繁荣景象。&lt;br /&gt;
It is a metaphor that despite the decline of the aristocratic family, because of the strong family background and numerous support, it can still maintain its prosperity on the surface.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Jawad Ahmad 202121080006==&lt;br /&gt;
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百足：虫名，即马陆。长约一寸，躯干由多节构成，每节有足一对或二对，切断后仍能蠕动。&lt;br /&gt;
English: Centipede, Insect name, arthropods. Length, around an inch, Body is composed of multiple sections, each section has one or two pairs of feet, after cutting still can squirm.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Nizam Uddin 202121080007==&lt;br /&gt;
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僵：倒下。​安富尊荣──语出《孟子·尽心上》：&lt;br /&gt;
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Stiff: fall down. ​Safety, wealth and honour──From the words &amp;quot;Mencius·All Your Heart&amp;quot;:&lt;br /&gt;
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==Öncü 202121080008==&lt;br /&gt;
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“君子居是国也，其君用之，则安富尊荣。”&lt;br /&gt;
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A gentleman can make people transform their morals, change their customs, Safeguard the country and protect its honor. --[[User:AkiraJantarat|AkiraJantarat]] ([[User talk:AkiraJantarat|talk]]) 13:55, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Akira Jantarat 202121080009==&lt;br /&gt;
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原意是君子因辅佐国君功勋卓著而享受荣华富贵。&lt;br /&gt;
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Agree to be a gentleman，because of the outstanding merits of supporting the monarch and enjoying the glory and wealth.--[[User:AkiraJantarat|AkiraJantarat]] ([[User talk:AkiraJantarat|talk]]) 13:58, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The original meaning was that gentlemen who made outstanding contributions to assist the monarch enjoyed glory and wealth. --[[User:Benjamin Wellsand|Benjamin Wellsand]] ([[User talk:Benjamin Wellsand|talk]]) 20:06, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Benjamin Wellsand 202111080118==&lt;br /&gt;
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这里反用其意，意谓不劳而获，安享荣华富贵。​&lt;br /&gt;
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The meaning is the opposite here, that for nothing one can enjoy prosperity and wealth.--[[User:Benjamin Wellsand|Benjamin Wellsand]] ([[User talk:Benjamin Wellsand|talk]]) 20:02, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The meaning is reversed here, which means to enjoy prosperity and wealth for nothing. --[[User:Asep Budiman|Asep Budiman]] ([[User talk:Asep Budiman|talk]]) 07:22, 7 December 2021 (UTC) ​&lt;br /&gt;
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==Asep Budiman 202111080020==&lt;br /&gt;
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钟鸣鼎食——语出唐·王勃《滕王阁序》：“闾阎扑地，钟鸣鼎食之家。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Zhongming Ding Shi-Quoting Tang Wang Bo's &amp;quot;Preface to the Pavilion of the King of Teng&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Lu Yan, the home of Zhong Ming Ding Shi.&amp;quot; --[[User:Asep Budiman|Asep Budiman]] ([[User talk:Asep Budiman|talk]]) 07:24, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Zhongming Ding Shi-Speech by Tang Wang Bo &amp;quot;Preface to the Pavilion of the King of Teng&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Lu Yan rushes to the ground, the home of Zhongming Ding Shi.&amp;quot; -Ei Mon Kyaw-[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 09:47, 7 December 2021 (UTC)--[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 09:47, 7 December 2021 (UTC)Ei Mon Kyaw&lt;br /&gt;
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==Ei Mon Kyaw 202111080021==&lt;br /&gt;
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古代贵族鸣钟列鼎而食。这里借以形容富贵豪华。&lt;br /&gt;
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The nobles in ancient times sang bells and set out to eat. Here it is used to describe the wealth and luxury.--[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 09:56, 7 December 2021 (UTC)Ei Mon Kyaw--------Ei Mon Kyaw-[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 09:56, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
The ancient nobles rang the bells and set out to eat. To describe wealth and luxury. --[[User:Mahzad Heydarian|Mahzad Heydarian]] ([[User talk:Mahzad Heydarian|talk]]) 07:09, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The ancient nobility enjoy their meal with tripod as cookware and the bell set as background music, which indicates occupying high positions and great wealth.--[[User:Chen Jing|Chen Jing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jing|talk]]) 14:33, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211124_homework&amp;diff=134735</id>
		<title>20211124 homework</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211124_homework&amp;diff=134735"/>
		<updated>2021-12-29T11:18:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532 */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;Quicklinks: [[Introduction_to_Translation_Studies_2021|Back to course homepage]] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal#Frequently_asked_questions_FAQ FAQ]  [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal Manual] [[20210926_homework|Back to all homework webpages overview]] [[20220112_final_exam|final exam page]]&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈静 Chén Jìng 国别 女 202020080595==&lt;br /&gt;
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我很纳闷：《不自弃文》是篇名，《姬子》是书名，应该同等对待，要么都予注释，要么都不注释，为什么一注一不注呢？难道前者生僻而需要注释，后者人所共知而不必注释吗？显然不是，只能说是避难就易，这与注释的宗旨完全背道而驰。&lt;br /&gt;
I wonder that since No Self-surrender is the title of the passage and Jizi is the title of the book, which should be treated equally, why did the situation happened that one annotated while one did not? Did the former need to be annotated while the latter is known to all without having to be annotated? Obviously, it is for choosing the easier way, which is completely contrary to the purpose of the annotation.&lt;br /&gt;
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I wonder: &amp;quot;don't abandon yourself&amp;quot; is the title, and &amp;quot;Ji Zi&amp;quot; is the title of the book. It should be treated equally, either annotated or not annotated. Why not annotate one note at a time? Is it true that the former is remote and needs annotation, while the latter is well known and does not need annotation? Obviously not, it can only be said that it is easy to avoid difficulties, which is completely contrary to the purpose of the notes. &lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 07:01, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==蔡珠凤 Cài Zhūfèng 法语语言文学 女 202120081477==&lt;br /&gt;
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那怕注为“《姬子》不详”，也还不失为态度诚实。老实说，起初我对《姬子》也一头雾水，因为见所未见，闻所未闻。但根据我自定的注释原则，我不能回避。&lt;br /&gt;
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Even if it is noted as &amp;quot;Ji Zi&amp;quot; unknown &amp;quot;, it can be regarded as an honest attitude. To be honest, at first I was confused about Ji Zi, because I had never seen or heard of it. But according to my own annotation principle, I can't avoid it.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 11:20, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Even if it is noted as &amp;quot;unknown Ji Zi&amp;quot; , it can still be regarded as an honest attitude. To be honest, at first I was confused about ''Ji Zi'', because I had never seen or heard of it. But according to my own annotation principle, I can't avoid it.--[[User:Chen Huini|Chen Huini]] ([[User talk:Chen Huini|talk]]) 14:36, 22 November 2021 (UTC)Chen Huini&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈惠妮 Chén Huìnī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081479==&lt;br /&gt;
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于是我首先求助于《中国古典数字工程》，肯定了中国根本不存在《姬子》这么一本书，完全是曹雪芹所杜撰，正如《古今人物通考》、《中国历代文选》都是曹雪芹杜撰一样。其次，我记得俞平伯先生有一篇专门解释《姬子》的文章，但文章的题目、发表时间以及文章内容却不记得了。经过两天的翻箱倒柜，我终于找到了这篇文章，它的题目是《读〈红楼梦〉随笔》第九节《姬子》，初载于《文汇报》1954年1月25日；又收入《红楼梦研究参考资料选辑》第二辑，人民文学出版社1973年11月出版。&lt;br /&gt;
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Therefore, I first made reference htiw &amp;quot;Chinese Classical Digital Engineering&amp;quot; and confirmed that there was no such a book called &amp;quot;Ji Zi&amp;quot; in China, which was completely written by Cao Xueqin, just as Cao Xueqin wrote &amp;quot;General Examination of Ancient and Modern Characters&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Selected Chinese Writings in Past Dynasties&amp;quot;. Secondly, I remember that Mr. Yu Pingbo had a special article explaining ''JiZi'', but I do not remember the title, publication time and content of the article. After two days of searching, I finally found this article. Its title is ''Ji Zi'', section 9 of Essays on Reading ''A Dream of Red Mansion''. It was first published in Wenhui Daily on January 25, 1954. It was also included in the second series of ''Selected Research Reference Materials on A Dream of Red Mansion'', published by People's Literature Publishing House in November 1973.--[[User:Chen Huini|Chen Huini]] ([[User talk:Chen Huini|talk]]) 14:46, 22 November 2021 (UTC)Chen Huini&lt;br /&gt;
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So, I firstly searched ''Chinese Classical Digital Engineering'' and confirmed there was no such a book called &amp;quot;Ji Zi&amp;quot; in China. This book was completely made up by Cao Xueqin like the same thing he did to ''General Examination of Ancient and Modern Characters'' and ''Selected Chinese Writings in Past Dynasties''.Then, I recalled that Mr. Yu Pingbo especially wrote an article to explain ''Ji Zi'', but I didn't remember the title, publication time and content.After two days of searching, I finally found it. The title of it was  ''Ji Zi'', section 9 of Essays on Reading ''A Dream of Red Mansion'' which was first published in Wenhui Daily on January 25, 1954. and then was included in the second series of ''Selected Research Reference Materials on A Dream of Red Mansion'', published by People's Literature Publishing House in November 1973.--[[User:Chen Xiangqiong|Chen Xiangqiong]] ([[User talk:Chen Xiangqiong|talk]]) 00:20, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈湘琼 Chén Xiāngqióng 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081480==&lt;br /&gt;
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据俞先生在文章中说：姬子书到底是部什么书呢，谁也说不上来。特别前些日子把这一回书选为高中国文的教材，教员讲解时碰到问题，每来信相询，我亦不能对。但经过研究，他还是写了这篇文章，作为回答。&lt;br /&gt;
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According to Mr.Yu in his article: nobody can tell what book ''Ji Zi'' really is. Moreover, this chapter of ''A Dream in Red Mansions'' with the name ''Ji Zhi'' has been selected as the reading material of the high school,and I can't say anything when the teacher who failed to explain it in the classroom come to me.But after careful research, he still write an article to reply this question.&lt;br /&gt;
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According to Mr. Yu in his article: nobody can tell what book ''Ji Zi'' really is.  In particular, this chapter was selected as a reading material for the Chinese language in high school some days ago, the teachers encountered problems when explaining it, and they wrote to me every time to ask about it, but I couldn't get it right. But after researching, he wrote this article as an answer.--[[User:Chen Xinyi|Chen Xinyi]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi|talk]]) 05:37, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈心怡 Chén Xīnyí 翻译学 女 202120081481==&lt;br /&gt;
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他的结论有三点：其一，《姬子》是“作者杜撰”，并以第三回的《古今人物通考》也是杜撰而作为佐证。其二，“这原来是一个笑话”，是探春“拿姬子来抵制”宝钗用以压人的朱子和孔子，而“比朱子孔子再大，只好是姬子了。殆以周公姓姬，作为顽笑”。&lt;br /&gt;
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There are three points in his conclusion: one, ''Ji Zi'' is &amp;quot;the author fabricated&amp;quot;, and to the third round of &amp;quot; the general examination of ancient and modern characters&amp;quot; is also fabricated and as proof. Second, &amp;quot;this turns out to be a joke&amp;quot;, is Tanchun &amp;quot; take ''Ji Zi'' to resist&amp;quot; Baochai and used to press people by citing Zhu Zi and Confucius, and &amp;quot;higher level than Zhu Zi and Confucius can only be ''Ji Zi''. Probably Zhou Gong was surnamed Ji as a joke.--[[User:Chen Xinyi|Chen Xinyi]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi|talk]]) 05:35, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
There are three points in his conclusion: first, ''Ji Zi'' is &amp;quot;fabricated by the author&amp;quot;, and can be proved by the fabrication of the third round of &amp;quot; the general examination of ancient and modern characters&amp;quot;. Second, &amp;quot;this turns out to be a joke&amp;quot;, which Tanchun &amp;quot; held ''Ji Zi'' to resist” Baochai who used to press her by citing Zhu Zi and Confucius, but “requiring higher level than Zhu Zi and Confucius, there’s only be ''Ji Zi''. Probably Zhou Gong was surnamed Ji as a joke.”--[[User:Cheng Yang|Cheng Yang]] ([[User talk:Cheng Yang|talk]]) 12:25, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==程杨 Chéng Yáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081482==&lt;br /&gt;
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其三，“有人或者要问为什么净瞎捣乱，造书名？我回答：这是小说。”《中国古典数字工程》可以证明俞先生的“杜撰说”是正确的，因此我把俞先生的意见用以注释《姬子》。&lt;br /&gt;
Thirdly, &amp;quot;Someone may ask why messing around and making a title? I replied: This is a novel. &amp;quot;It can be proved by ''The Chinese Classical Digital Engineering'' that Mr. Yu’s “theory of fabrication” is correct. Therefore, I applied Mr. Gong's opinion to annotate ''Jizi''.--[[User:Cheng Yang|Cheng Yang]] ([[User talk:Cheng Yang|talk]]) 04:56, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Thirdly, &amp;quot;Someone may ask why to mess around and make a title? I replied: This is a novel. &amp;quot;It can be proved by ''The Chinese Classical Digital Engineering'' that Mr. Yu’s  ''Theory of Fabrication'' is correct. Therefore, I applied Mr. Gong's opinion to annotate ''Ji Tzu''.--[[User:Ding Xuan|Ding Xuan]] ([[User talk:Ding Xuan|talk]]) 11:01, 26 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==丁旋 Dīng Xuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081483==&lt;br /&gt;
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据我所知，现在有人搜集了周公的几篇佚文，将其编为集子，按照《老子》、《庄子》、《孟子》之类的惯例，即命名为《姬子》，但这与曹雪芹毫不相干，《红楼梦》中的《姬子》书名绝对是杜撰。此外，有的注本虽然对《不自弃文》作了注释，却只是简述该文的大意，而没有注出曹雪芹的深刻用意。原来朱熹的徒子徒孙认为此文格调低下，有失朱夫子的身份，故将此文排除在众多朱熹文集之外，只有明·朱培编《文公大全集补遗》卷八从抄本《朱熹家谱》中引录，另有《朱子文集大全类编·卷二一·庭训》亦予收录。&lt;br /&gt;
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As far as I know, someone collected several lost articles of Duke of Zhou, edited them into an anthology and named it ''Ji Tzu'' according to the routine of  ''Lao Tzu'', ''Chang Tzu'' and ''Mencius'' and so on. However, this thing is irrelevant to Cao Xueqin, so the title of ''Ji Tzu'' in ''A Dream in Red Mansions'' is absolutely fabricated. Besides, although some books with annotations made interpretation to ''No Self-surrender'', they just told the main idea of this article rather than annotating the deep meaning made by Cao Xueqin. In fact, disciples and followers of Zhu Xi thought the style of this passage beneath his dignity is very low, so they excluded it out of many anthologies of Zhu Xi. Only when Zhu Pei(Ming dynasty) edited the eighth roll of ''Supplement to Collected Works of Duke Wen'', he incited it from transcript of ''Zhu Xi’s Genealogy''. In addition, it is also included in ''Complete Works of Zhu Tzua•Roll Twenty-one•Home Hearing''.--[[User:Ding Xuan|Ding Xuan]] ([[User talk:Ding Xuan|talk]]) 03:47, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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As far as I know, now someone collected several lost articles of Duke of Zhou and edited them into a collection that was named  ''Ji Tzu'' according to the routine of ''Lao Tzu'', ''Chang Tzu'' and ''Mencius'' and so on. However, this thing is irrelevant to Cao Xueqin, so the title of ''Ji Tzu'' in ''A Dream in Red Mansions'' is absolutely fabricated. Besides, although some books with annotations made interpretations to ''No Self-surrender'', they just briefly described the main idea of this article rather than annotating the deep meaning of Cao Xueqin. In fact, disciples and followers of Zhu Xi thought this passage  was low in style and demeaned Zhu Xi, so they excluded it out of many anthologies of Zhu Xi. Only when Zhu Pei(Ming dynasty) edited the Book Eight of ''Supplement to Collected Works of Duke Wen'', he incited it from transcript of Zhu Xi’s Genealogy. In addition, ''Complete Works of Zhu Tzua• Book Twenty-one•Home Hearing'' was also included.--[[User:Du Lina|Du Lina]] ([[User talk:Du Lina|talk]]) 03:07, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杜莉娜 Dù Lìna 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081484==&lt;br /&gt;
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曹雪芹借宝钗之口说出这篇少见的文章，一则以显示宝钗无书不读，再者也暗示自己博览群籍，同时也对那些自封的朱熹卫士予以调侃。可见曹雪芹即使开玩笑，也非闲笔，总有一定的用意。（详见注释）鉴于所要注释的词语性质不同，因此对注文的要求也有所不同。&lt;br /&gt;
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Saying this rare writing through Precious Hairpin Marshgrass,  on the one hand Cao Xueqin showed her strong love of reading  as well as implied own extensive reading, and on the other, he played off those self-appointed guards of Zhu Xi. Obviously, his joking is not  casual but absolutely with some profound meaning.(see annotations) The nature of words annotated is different, so the requirements for explanatory notes are different as well.--[[User:Du Lina|Du Lina]] ([[User talk:Du Lina|talk]]) 02:41, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==付红岩 Fù Hóngyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081485==&lt;br /&gt;
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其一，对于一般的疑难词语，重在疏通文意，多不引经据典，追根溯源。其二，对于成语、典故，则既要注明其出典，又要解释其本义，还要说明其引申义或比喻义。其三，对于各种名物（如建筑、服饰、官署、官职、琴棋书画、医卜星相等），则力求变专门术语为通俗语言，以利读者理解。&lt;br /&gt;
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Firstly, as for normally confusing words, the emphasis is on clearing up the meaning of the text, as much quoting scripture and tracing the roots as possible. Secondly, for idioms and allusions, it is necessary to indicate their origins, explain their original meanings, and also include their derivative meanings or metaphorical meanings. Thirdly, for all kinds of physical objects (such as architecture, costumes, official offices, official positions, Four Arts( qin, chess, calligraphy and painting), medicine, divination and astrology, etc.), the attempt is to turn specialized terms into common language in order to facilitate readers’ understanding.--[[User:Fu Hongyan|Fu Hongyan]] ([[User talk:Fu Hongyan|talk]]) 11:24, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Firstly, as for common confusing words, it should emphasize on clearing up the meaning of the text, as much quoting scripture and tracing the roots as possible. Secondly, for idioms and allusions, it is necessary to indicate their origins, explain their original meanings, and also include their derivative meanings or metaphorical meanings. Thirdly, for various technical terms of objects (such as architecture, costumes, official offices, official positions, Four Arts( qin, chess, calligraphy and painting), medicine, divination and astrology, etc.), the attempt is to turn specialized terms into common language in order to facilitate readers’ understanding.--[[User:Fu Shiyu|Fu Shiyu]] ([[User talk:Fu Shiyu|talk]]) 12:17, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==付诗雨 Fù Shīyǔ 日语语言文学 女 202120081486==&lt;br /&gt;
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其四，对于历史名人，则注明其所在朝代、简历及突出事迹。对于传说人物，则注明其出处及相关故事。其五，对于珍禽异兽、奇花异卉等，则注明其出处来历、奇异之处及相关故事。&lt;br /&gt;
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Fourthly, as for historical celebrities, their dynasties, resumes and outstanding deeds should be indicated. As for legendary figures, their sources and related stories should be indicated. Fifthly, as for rare birds and animals, unusual flowers and different plants, etc., their origins and histories, peculiar places and related stories should be indicated.--[[User:Fu Shiyu|Fu Shiyu]] ([[User talk:Fu Shiyu|talk]]) 14:36, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Fourthly, as for historical celebrities, their dynasties, resumes and outstanding deeds should be indicated. As for legendary figures, their sources and related stories should be indicated. Fifthly, as for rare birds and fabulous beasts, unusual flowers and different plants, etc., their origins and histories, peculiarities and related stories should be indicated.--[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 15:50, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==高蜜 Gāo Mì 翻译学 女 202120081487==&lt;br /&gt;
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其六，对于风俗、礼仪、节气等，则注明其形成沿革、具体内容。其七，对于谜语，则既要揭出谜底，又要解释谜语中的疑难词语、成语典故，还要说明谜底的根据。对于酒令，则要参照令谱，详述酒令的玩法及过程。&lt;br /&gt;
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Sixthly, in terms of customs, etiquette and solar terms, its formation, development and content should be indicated. Seventhly, in terms of riddles, answers should be uncovered and an explanation is expected to be given to the answer as well as to difficult words, idioms and allusions in the riddle. Finally, in terms of drinking games, elaboration should be given on the rules and the process according to the instruction manual.--[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 15:51, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Sixthly, in terms of customs, etiquette and solar terms, its formation, development and content should be indicated. Seventhly, in terms of riddles, answers should be uncovered and it is necessary to explain the difficult words and idioms in the riddle, and to explain the basis of the answer.Finally, in terms of drinking games, elaboration should be given on the rules and the process according to the instruction manual.--[[User:Gong Boya|Gong Boya]] ([[User talk:Gong Boya|talk]]) 05:45, 27 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==宫博雅 Gōng Bóyǎ 俄语语言文学 女 202120081488==&lt;br /&gt;
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其八，对于所引前人诗、词、曲、文等，皆要注明出处；诗、词、曲照录全文，文则节录相关的文字。其九，对于具有隐寓或暗示意味的诗、词、曲、文、成语、典故、谜语、酒令等，因其关系到故事情节的发展和人物性格、运命的描写，故除了作注释之外，还要揭示其隐藏的含义。总而言之，注文以释难为易、释疑为明为宗旨，以释义准确、释文简炼为目标。&lt;br /&gt;
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Eighthly, reference to predecessors' poems, Ci, Qu, essay, etc., must indicate the source; Poems, Ci, Qu are transcribed without changing the original words, and the essay takes the relevant words. Ninthly, for poems, Ci, Qu, essay, idioms, allusions, riddles, drinkers’ wager game and so on with implicit or suggestive meaning, because they are related to the development of the story plot and the description of the character and fate, so in addition to making annotations, but also to reveal his hidden meaning. In a word, the annotations aim to explain the difficulty as easy, to explain the doubt as clear. Aim to explain the meaning accurately and explain the text concisely.--[[User:Gong Boya|Gong Boya]] ([[User talk:Gong Boya|talk]]) 05:32, 27 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Eight, all quotations from poems, lyrics, songs and essays should be attributed to the source; the poems, lyrics and songs should be reproduced in their entirety, while the essays should be excerpted from the relevant texts. Nine, for poems, lyrics, songs, texts, idioms, allusions, riddles, wine orders, etc., which have an implicit or suggestive meaning, as they relate to the development of the storyline and the description of the characters' personalities and fortunes. The commentary should reveal their hidden meanings in addition to annotations. All in all, the aim of the commentary is to explain the difficult for the easy and the doubtful for the clear, and to explain the meaning accurately and to explain the text concisely.--[[User:He Qin|He Qin]] ([[User talk:He Qin|talk]]) 12:32, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==何芩 Hé Qín 翻译学 女 202120081489==&lt;br /&gt;
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愿望虽然如此，但学力有限，经验欠缺，愿望能否实现，毫无把握。诚望方家指教，读者检验。&lt;br /&gt;
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第一回 甄士隐梦幻识通灵 贾雨村风尘怀闺秀&lt;br /&gt;
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Although I wish to do so, I am not sure whether my wish can be realized because of my limited learning and lack of experience.I hope that the readers will test it.&lt;br /&gt;
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Chapter 1 Hidden Turth--[[User:He Qin|He Qin]] ([[User talk:He Qin|talk]]) 12:33, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Although I wish to do so, I am not sure whether the wish can come true with my limited ability and experience. Sincerely hope that other authors teach something and readers check it.&lt;br /&gt;
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Chapter 1 Zhen Shiyin, in a vision, apprehends spirituality. Jia Yucun, in the windy and dusty world, cherishes fond thoughts of a beautiful maiden. --[[User:Hu Shuqing|Hu Shuqing]] ([[User talk:Hu Shuqing|talk]]) 07:21, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==胡舒情 Hú Shūqíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081490==&lt;br /&gt;
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此开卷第一回也。作者自云：曾历过一番梦幻之后，故将真事隐去，而借“通灵”之说，撰此《石头记》一书也，故曰“甄士隐”云云。但书中所记何事何人&lt;br /&gt;
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This is the first chapter of the book. The author said that after going through the illusion, he prefered covering some truth and in virtue of mysticism wrote the novel ''The Story of the Stone''，so instead he used the name of  Zhen Shiyin as a major speaker. But things and people noted in it--[[User:Hu Shuqing|Hu Shuqing]] ([[User talk:Hu Shuqing|talk]]) 03:59, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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This is the first chapter of the book.Subsequent to the visions of a dream which he had，on some previous occasion，experienced，the writer personally relates，he designedly concealed the true circumstances，and borrowed the attributes of perception and spirituality to relate this story of the Record of the Stone. With this purpose，he made use of such designations as Chen Shih-yin and the like. What are，however，the events recorded in this work？--[[User:Huang Jinyun|Huang Jinyun]] ([[User talk:Huang Jinyun|talk]]) 10:19, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄锦云 Huáng Jǐnyún 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081491==&lt;br /&gt;
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自己又云：“今风尘碌碌，一事无成。忽念及当日所有之女子，一一细考较去，觉其行止见识，皆出我之上；我堂堂须眉，诚不若彼裙钗：我实愧则有馀，悔又无益，大无可如何之日也。当此日，欲将已往所赖天恩祖德，锦衣纨袴之时，饫甘餍肥之日，背父兄教育之恩，负师友规训之德，以致今日一技无成、半生潦倒之罪，编述一集，以告天下：知我之负罪固多，然闺阁中历历有人，万不可因我之不肖，自护己短，一并使其泯灭也。&lt;br /&gt;
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The author speaking for himself, goes on to explain, with the lack of success which attended every single concern, I suddenly bethought myself of the womankind of past ages. Passing one by one under a minute scrutiny, I felt that in action and in lore, one and all were far above me; that in spite of the majesty of my manliness, I could not, in point of fact, compare with these characters of the gentle sex. And my shame forsooth then knew no bounds; while regret, on the other hand, was of no avail, as there was not even a remote possibility of a day of remedy.On this very day it was that I became desirous to compile, in a connected form, for publication throughout the world, with a view to (universal) information, how that I bear inexorable and manifold retribution; inasmuch as what time, by the sustenance of the benevolence of Heaven, and the virtue of my ancestors, my apparel was rich and fine, and as what days my fare was savory and sumptuous, I disregarded the bounty of education and nurture of father and mother, and paid no heed to the virtue of precept and injunction of teachers and friends, with the result that I incurred the punishment, of failure recently in the least trifle, and the reckless waste of half my lifetime. There have been meanwhile, generation after generation, those in the inner chambers, the whole mass of whom could not, on any account, be, through my influence, allowed to fall into extinction, in order that I, unfilial as I have been, may have the means to screen my own shortcomings.--[[User:Huang Jinyun|Huang Jinyun]] ([[User talk:Huang Jinyun|talk]]) 12:42, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The author goes on to explain, with the lack of success which attended every single concern, I suddenly bethought myself of the womankind of past ages. Thinking of them one by one under a minute scrutiny, I felt that in action and in lore, one and all were far above me; that in spite of the majesty of my manliness, I could not, in point of fact, compare with these characters of the gentle sex. And my shame forsooth then knew no bounds; while regret, on the other hand, was of no avail, as there was not even a remote possibility of a day of remedy.On this very day it was that I became desirous to compile, in a connected form, for publication throughout the world, with a view to (universal) information, how that I bear inexorable and manifold retribution; inasmuch as what time, by the sustenance of the benevolence of Heaven, and the virtue of my ancestors, my apparel was rich and fine, and as what days my fare was savory and sumptuous, I disregarded the bounty of education and nurture of father and mother, and paid no heed to the virtue of precept and injunction of teachers and friends, with the result that I incurred the punishment, of failure recently in the least trifle, and the reckless waste of half my lifetime. There had been meanwhile, generation after generation, those in the inner chambers, the whole mass of whom could not, on any account, be, through my influence, allowed to fall into extinction, in order that I, unfilial as I have been, may have the means to hide my own shortcomings.--[[User:Huang Yiyan1|Huang Yiyan1]] ([[User talk:Huang Yiyan1|talk]]) 14:34, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄逸妍 Huáng Yìyán 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081492==&lt;br /&gt;
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所以蓬牖茅椽，绳床瓦灶，并不足妨我襟怀；况那晨风夕月，阶柳庭花，更觉得润人笔墨。我虽不学无文，又何妨用假语村言敷演出来，亦可使闺阁昭传，复可破一时之闷，醒同人之目，不亦宜乎？”故曰“贾雨村”云云。&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;Though my home is now a thatched cottage in which there are shabby windows, bed made of rope and earthen stove, all of these can not change my being broad and level. Besides, the morning breeze,  the dew of night, the willows by me steps and the flowers in the yard inspired me to wield my pen. Though I have little learning and literary talent, it doesn't matter if I tell a tale in rustic language to record those lovely girls. This should help readers distract them from their worries. And that's the reason why I use the name Rainvillage Merchant.&amp;quot;--[[User:Huang Yiyan1|Huang Yiyan1]] ([[User talk:Huang Yiyan1|talk]]) 13:27, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;Though my home is now a thatched cottage in which there are shabby windows, bed made of rope and earthen stove, all of these can not change my being broad and level. Besides, the morning breeze,  the dew of night, the willows by me steps and the flowers in the yard inspired me to wield my pen. Though I have little learning and literary talent, it doesn't matter if I tell a tale in rustic language to record those lovely girls. This should help readers distract them from their worries. And that's the reason why I use the name Jia Yucun.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zeng Junlin|Zeng Junlin]] ([[User talk:Zeng Junlin|talk]]) 14:19, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==曾俊霖 Zēng Jùnlín 国别 男 202120081478==&lt;br /&gt;
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更于篇中间用“梦”、“幻”等字，却是此书本旨，兼寓提醒阅者之意。看官：你道此书从何而起？说来虽近荒唐，细玩颇有趣味。&lt;br /&gt;
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In the middle of the article, the words &amp;quot;dream&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;fantasy&amp;quot; are the purpose of the book and the meaning of reminding readers. Reader: where did you start this book? Although it's absurd, it's fun to play.--[[User:Zeng Junlin|Zeng Junlin]] ([[User talk:Zeng Junlin|talk]]) 13:21, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
In the middle of the article, the words &amp;quot;dream&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;fantasy&amp;quot; are the purpose of the book and the meaning of reminding readers. Reader: where did you start this book? Although it's absurd, it's fun to play.--[[User:Huang Zhuliang|Huang Zhuliang]] ([[User talk:Huang Zhuliang|talk]]) 13:33, 24 November 2021 (UTC)Huang Zhuliang&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄柱梁 Huáng Zhùliáng 国别 男 202120081493==&lt;br /&gt;
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却说那女娲氏炼石补天之时，于大荒山无稽崖，炼成高十二丈、见方二十四丈大的顽石三万六千五百零一块，那娲皇只用了三万六千五百块，单单剩下一块未用，弃在青埂峰下。谁知此石自经锻炼之后，灵性已通，自去自来，可大可小。因见众石俱得补天，独自己无才，不得入选，遂自怨自愧，日夜悲哀。一日，正当嗟悼之际，俄见一僧一道远远而来，生得骨格不凡，丰神迥异，来到这青埂峰下，席地坐谈。It is said that, once upon a time, when Nuwa was refining stones to mend the sky, she refined them into 36,501 pieces of hard stones 12-feet high and 24-feet square on the Wuji Cliff of the Da Huangshan Mountain. Numa, the creator of human beings in Chinese myth, only used 36,500 pieces, leaving only one unused and abandoned it under the Qinggeng Peak.Who knows, after the stone has been refined and created, its spirit has been passed. It can be big or small.Seeing that all the stones were able to mend the sky, he had no talent and could not be selected, so he complained and felt ashamed and mourned day and night. One day, at the time of mourning, he suddenly saw a monk and a Taoism priest with extraordinary personality  coming from afar. They came to the Qinggeng Peak and sat on the ground to talk.--[[User:Huang Zhuliang|Huang Zhuliang]] ([[User talk:Huang Zhuliang|talk]]) 13:34, 24 November 2021 (UTC)Huang Zhuliang&lt;br /&gt;
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It is said that, once upon a time, when Nuwa(Goddesses of Sky-patching) was refining stones to mend the sky, she refined them into 36,501 pieces of hard stones 12-feet high and 24-feet square on the Wuji Cliff of the Da Huangshan Mountain. Numa, the creator of human beings in Chinese myth, only used 36,500 pieces, leaving only one unused and abandoned it under the Qinggeng Peak.Who knows, after the stone has been refined and created, it had its spirit, it moved freely and could be big or small.Seeing that all the stones were able to mend the sky, he had no talent and could not be selected, so he complained and felt ashamed and mourned day and night. One day, at the time of mourning, he suddenly saw a monk and a Taoism priest with extraordinary personality  coming from afar. They came to the Qinggeng Peak and sat on the ground to talk.--[[User:Jin Xiaotong|Jin Xiaotong]] ([[User talk:Jin Xiaotong|talk]]) 05:57, 26 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==金晓童 Jīn Xiǎotóng  202120081494==&lt;br /&gt;
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见着这块鲜莹明洁的石头，且又缩成扇坠一般，甚属可爱。那僧托于掌上，笑道：“形体倒也是个灵物了，只是没有实在的好处。须得再镌上几个字，使人人见了，便知你是件奇物。&lt;br /&gt;
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It was lovely to see this bright and clean stone shrinking like a fan. Resting on his palm, the monk smiled and said, &amp;quot;The body is a spiritual being, but it has no real benefit. Words had to be engraved so that everyone could see you and know that you were a wonder.--[[User:Jin Xiaotong|Jin Xiaotong]] ([[User talk:Jin Xiaotong|talk]]) 15:01, 20 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
Looking at this bright and clean stone shrinking like a fan, which is so lovely, with the stone on his palm the monk smiled and said, &amp;quot;Your body is a spiritual being, but ihas no real benefits. Words should be engraved so that everyone could see you and know that you are a wonder.--[[User:Kuang Yanli|Kuang Yanli]] ([[User talk:Kuang Yanli|talk]]) 11:42, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邝艳丽 Kuàng Yànl 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081495==&lt;br /&gt;
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然后携你到那昌明隆盛之邦、诗礼簪缨之族、花柳繁华地、温柔富贵乡那里去走一遭。”石头听了大喜，因问：“不知可镌何字？携到何方？望乞明示。”那僧笑道：“你且莫问，日后自然明白。”&lt;br /&gt;
Then take you there, a city-state of prosperity, a family of scholar, a place of flowers and willows. After listening, Stone asked rejoicingly: “I do not know  what word I can write? Where I will be taken to? I hope get your instruction.” The monk smiled, “You do not rush into answer, and you will know it some day.”--[[User:Kuang Yanli|Kuang Yanli]] ([[User talk:Kuang Yanli|talk]]) 11:24, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Then I'll take you for a walk to the prosperous country, the family of poems, gifts and tassels, the prosperous place of flowers and willows, and the gentle and rich township. &amp;quot; The stone was overjoyed when he asked, &amp;quot;I don't know what word to engrave? Where to carry it? I hope to beg clearly.&amp;quot; the monk smiled and said, “You do not rush into answer, and you will know it some day.”--[[User:Li Aixuan|Li Aixuan]] ([[User talk:Li Aixuan|talk]]) 14:54, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李爱璇 Lǐ Àixuán 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081496==&lt;br /&gt;
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说毕，便袖了，同那道人飘然而去，竟不知投向何方。又不知过了几世几劫，因有个空空道人访道求仙，从这大荒山无稽崖青埂峰下经过，忽见一块大石，上面字迹分明，编述历历。空空道人乃从头一看，原来是无才补天，幻形入世，被那茫茫大士、渺渺真人携入红尘、引登彼岸的一块顽石：上面叙着堕落之乡、投胎之处，以及家庭琐事、闺阁闲情、诗词谜语，倒还全备。&lt;br /&gt;
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Having concluded these words, he put the stone in his sleeve, and proceeded on his journey, in company with the Taoist priest. No one knows where he took the stone. Nor can it be known how many centuries and ages elapsed, before a Taoist priest, named K'ung K'ung, passed, during his researches after the eternal reason and his quest after immortality, by these Ta Huang Hills, Wu Ch'i cave and Ch'ing Keng Peak. Suddenly seeing a large stone, on the surface of which the handwriting on it is clear and the calendar is compiled, K'ung K'ung examined them from first to last. They, in fact, explained how that this stone had originally been devoid of the properties essential for the repairs to the heavens, how it would be transmuted into human form and introduced by Mang Mang the High Lord, and Miao Miao, the Divine, into the world of mortals, and how it would be led over the other bank (across the San Sara). On the surface, it describes the land of degeneration, the place of reincarnation, as well as family trivia, boudoir leisure, poetry, riddles, which could not be ascertained.--[[User:Li Aixuan|Li Aixuan]] ([[User talk:Li Aixuan|talk]]) 04:54, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Having concluded these words, he put the stone in his sleeve, and proceeded leisurely on his journey, in company with the Taoist priest. However, no one knew where he went. Nor can it be known how many centuries and ages elapsed, before a Taoist priest, K'ung K'ung by name, passed, during his researches after the eternal reason and his quest after immortality, by these Da Huang Hills, Wu Ch'i cave and Ch'ing Keng Peak. Suddenly perceiving a large block of stone, on the surface of which the traces of characters giving in a connected form, the various incidents of its fate could be clearly predicted. K'ung K'ung examined them from beginning to end. In fact, they explained how this block of worthless stone which had originally been devoid of the properties essential for the mending to the heavens, would be transmuted into human form and introduced by Mang Mang the High Lord, and Miao Miao, the Divine, into the world of mortals, and how it would be led over the other world (across the San Sara). On the surface, it recorded the spot of its degeneration and the place of its birth. The complete recording also included various family trifles, trivial affairs of young ladies, verses and riddles.--[[User:Li Ruiyang|Li Ruiyang]] ([[User talk:Li Ruiyang|talk]]) 06:17, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李瑞洋 Lǐ Ruìyáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081497==&lt;br /&gt;
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只是朝代年纪，失落无考。后面又有一偈云：无才可去补苍天，枉入红尘若许年。此系身前身后事，倩谁记去作奇传？&lt;br /&gt;
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But the name of the dynasty and the year of the reign were obliterated and could not be confirmed. There was also a Buddhist verse following behind:&lt;br /&gt;
Lacking in virtues to mend the azure skies, &lt;br /&gt;
in vain I have been into the mortal world for many years. &lt;br /&gt;
These facts are of a former and after life,&lt;br /&gt;
but who will record a strange legend for me?--[[User:Li Ruiyang|Li Ruiyang]] ([[User talk:Li Ruiyang|talk]]) 03:57, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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But the name of the dynasty and the year of the reign were obliterated and could not be confirmed. There was also a Buddhist verse following behind:&lt;br /&gt;
Lacking in virtues to mend the azure sky, nothing have I gained within the years spent in the secular world. All of these about my present life and afterlife, who would record them for me?--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 14:59, 26 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李姗 Lǐ Shān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081498==&lt;br /&gt;
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空空道人看了一回，晓得这石头有些来历，遂向石头说道：“石兄，你这一段故事，据你自己说来，有些趣味，故镌写在此，意欲闻世传奇。据我看来：第一件，无朝代年纪可考；第二件，并无大贤大忠理朝廷、治风俗的善政，其中只不过几个异样女子，或情或痴，或小才微善。我纵然抄去，也算不得一种奇书。”&lt;br /&gt;
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As the Taoist priest named Kongkong once has examined the stone, he had some idea about the story on it, and then said to the stone, &amp;quot;Brother, maybe in your opinion, the story inscribed on you is of some interest so as to be kept here to win a fame throughout the world. But to my mind, it is far from a legend book to be transcribed. Firstly, there are hardly any clues about the time period of the background; secondly, no outstanding governance regarding politics and costumes has been achieved by great talents or loyal officials, and what it mainly narrates are merely several unusual women, some stuck in love, some boasting subtle  intelligence and benevolence.&amp;quot;--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 09:02, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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As the Taoist priest named Kongkong once has examined the stone, he knew that the stone had some history, and then said to the stone, &amp;quot;Brother, maybe in your opinion, the story inscribed on you is of some interest so as to be kept here to win a fame throughout the world. But to my mind, it is far from a legend book to be transcribed. Firstly, there are hardly any clues about the time period of the background; secondly, no outstanding governance regarding politics and costumes has been achieved by great talents or loyal officials, and what it mainly narrates are merely several unusual women, some stuck in love, some boasting subtle  intelligence and benevolence.&amp;quot;--[[User:Li Shuang|Li Shuang]] ([[User talk:Li Shuang|talk]]) 03:05, 27 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李双 Lǐ Shuāng 翻译学 女 202120081499==&lt;br /&gt;
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石头果然答道：“我师何必太痴？我想历来野史的朝代，无非假借汉、唐的名色；莫如我这石头所记，不借此套，只按自己的事体情理，反倒新鲜别致。况且那野史中，或讪谤君相，或贬人妻女，奸淫凶恶，不可胜数；更有一种风月笔墨，其淫秽污臭，最易坏人子弟。&lt;br /&gt;
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The stone answered: “Why are you so stubborn? I think the dynasties of unofficial history are nothing more than under the guise of Han, Tang. They are not as good as the stories recorded by me, a stone, which don’t follow the convention but according to the real facts and therefore are more novel on the contrary. Moreover, those unofficial histories are either slandering the emperor and his subjects, or belittling other people’s wives and children. There are countless descriptions of ferocity and adultery which are the most likely to have a bad influence on the younger generation.”--[[User:Li Shuang|Li Shuang]] ([[User talk:Li Shuang|talk]]) 10:54, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The stone answered: “Why are you so stubborn? I think the dynasties recorded in the unofficial histories are nothing more than under the guise of Han and Tang Dynasty. They are not as good as the stories recorded by me, a stone, which don’t follow the convention but according to the real facts and therefore are more novel on the contrary. Besides, those unofficial histories are either slandering the emperor and his subjects, or belittling other people’s wives and children. There are countless descriptions of ferocity and adultery which are most likely to have a bad influence on the younger generation.” --[[User:Li Wenxuan|Li Wenxuan]] ([[User talk:Li Wenxuan|talk]]) 11:10, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李文璇 Lǐ Wénxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081500==&lt;br /&gt;
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至于才子佳人等书，则又开口文君，满篇子建，千部一腔，千人一面，且终不能不涉淫滥。在作者不过要写出自己的两首情诗艳赋来，故假捏出男女二人名姓；又必旁添一小人拨乱其间，如戏中小丑一般。更可厌者，之乎者也，非理即文，大不近情，自相矛盾。&lt;br /&gt;
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As for the books about the talented and the beauties, they talked about Wen and Jun, the pages were also full of Zi and Jian. A thousand volumes present the same thing, and a thousand person are also in the same character. Moreover, they cannot avoid to some licentious things. The authors, who had to write several sentimental odes and elegant ballads, had falsely invented the names of both men and women, and also some bad guys who like a clown in a play made some troubles in there. As for the annoying men, they had nothing in their minds and talked about Li and Wen, which had no link with the targeted things and paradoxical in the whole.--[[User:Li Wenxuan|Li Wenxuan]] ([[User talk:Li Wenxuan|talk]]) 00:53, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
As for books related to talented scholars and beautiful ladies, he also talked about Wenjun, who is good at articles and is capricious, but he could not avoid prostitution in the end. The author just wants to write two of his own love poems, so he falsely pinches out the names of men and women; he must add a little person to make trouble in the meantime, like a clown in a play. The more annoying, the more it is, the unreasonable is the literary, the most unkind, self-contradictory.--[[User:Li Wen|Li Wen]] ([[User talk:Li Wen|talk]]) 03:24, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李雯 Lǐ Wén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081501==&lt;br /&gt;
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竟不如我这半世亲见亲闻的几个女子，虽不敢说强似前代书中所有之人，但观其事迹原委，亦可消愁破闷；至于几首歪诗，也可以喷饭供酒。其间离合悲欢，兴衰际遇，俱是按迹循踪，不敢稍加穿凿，至失其真。只愿世人当那醉馀睡醒之时，或避事消愁之际，把此一玩，不但是洗旧翻新，却也省了些寿命筋力，不更去谋虚逐妄了。&lt;br /&gt;
It’s not as good as the few women I’ve seen and heard about in this half of my life. Although I dare not say that she is  better than all the people in the books of the previous generations. Looking at their deeds, you can also relieve your sorrow and boredom. As for a few poor poems, you can also taste them while eating and drinking.The joys and sorrows, the ups and downs all follow the traces, daring not to  lose the truth. I only hope that when the world is awake, or when avoiding troubles and sorrows ,they can enjoy it, not only to renovate, but also to save some lifespan and energy, not to seek falsehood.--[[User:Li Wen|Li Wen]] ([[User talk:Li Wen|talk]]) 03:15, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I am not as good as the women I have seen and heard in my life. Though I cannot say that they are as good as all the people in the books of previous generations, I can relieve my sorrow and despair by watching their deeds. As for a few crooked poems, you can also spray rice for wine. During the separation of joys and sorrows, ups and downs, are all traced, dare not slightly cut, to lose its true. I only hope that when people wake up from their drunkenness, or when they are relieved of their sorrow, they will not only wash the old and renew it, but also save some strength of life, so as not to seek for false things.--[[User:Li Xinxing|Li Xinxing]] ([[User talk:Li Xinxing|talk]]) 04:39, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李新星 Lǐ Xīnxīng 亚非语言文学 女 202120081503==&lt;br /&gt;
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我师意为如何？”空空道人听如此说，思忖半晌，将这《石头记》再检阅一遍。因见上面大旨不过谈情，亦只是实录其事，绝无伤时诲淫之病，方从头至尾抄写回来，闻世传奇。&lt;br /&gt;
What do I mean?&amp;quot; Empty Taoist listen to say so, ponder a long time, will this &amp;quot;stone&amp;quot; review again. Seeing that the message above was only a talk of love, and only a record of it, without suffering from the disease of lewdness, I copied it back from beginning to end and heard the legend of the world.--[[User:Li Xinxing|Li Xinxing]] ([[User talk:Li Xinxing|talk]]) 04:38, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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What do I mean? &amp;quot; After hearing this, Taoist Kongkong thought for a long time and reviewed the stone story again. Seeing that the above general purpose is nothing but romance, it is only a factual record of its affairs, and there is no disease of obscenity at the time of injury, so I copied it back from beginning to end and heard the legend of the world.--[[User:Li Yi|Li Yi]] ([[User talk:Li Yi|talk]]) 04:35, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李怡 Lǐ Yí 法语语言文学 女 202120081504==&lt;br /&gt;
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从此空空道人因空见色，由色生情，传情入色，自色悟空，遂改名情僧，改《石头记》为《情僧录》。东鲁孔梅溪题曰《风月宝鉴》。后因曹雪芹于悼红轩中披阅十载，增删五次，纂成目录，分出章回，又题曰《金陵十二钗》，并题一绝。&lt;br /&gt;
Since then empty Taoist empty because of empty see color, from color feeling, feeling into color, since color wukong, then changed the name of the monk, &amp;quot;stone&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;love monk record&amp;quot;. Kong Meixi of The Eastern Lu dynasty wrote the book Fengyue Bao Jian. After cao Xueqin in mourning red xuan read ten years, add and delete five times, compiled into a directory, a chapter back, and the title yue ''Jinling twelve Hairpin'', and a must.--[[User:Li Yi|Li Yi]] ([[User talk:Li Yi|talk]]) 04:31, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Since then Empty Taoist saw form through emptiness, generated emotions due to form, into which emptiness was stilled and epiphany was revealed, he then changed his epithet  into Monk in Love, and changed ''The story of the Stone''  into ''Record of Monk in Love'', which was called ''Catalogue of Chinese Ancient Romance'' by Kong Meixi of The Eastern Lu dynasty. Afterwards Cao Xueqin read and amended it for ten years, revised and polished it for five times, and then compiled it into a directory with chapters and sections. Finally he entitled it ''The Twelve Flowers in Jinlin'' attached with a Chinese quatrain.--[[User:Liu Peiting|Liu Peiting]] ([[User talk:Liu Peiting|talk]]) 04:55, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘沛婷 Liú Pèitíng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081505==&lt;br /&gt;
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即此便是《石头记》的缘起。诗云：满纸荒唐言，一把辛酸泪。都云作者痴，谁解其中味?&lt;br /&gt;
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This was the origin of ''The Story of The Stone''. A poem once said, “the whole novel is full of absurd words, as well as bitter tears. People all consider the author crazy, but is there anyone who knows its true meaning？--[[User:Liu Peiting|Liu Peiting]] ([[User talk:Liu Peiting|talk]]) 07:22, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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This is the origin of ''The Story of the Stone''. The poem says: The pages were full of idle words which was penned with hot and bitter tears; All men call the author fool, but no one understood his secret message.--[[User:Liu Shengnan|Liu Shengnan]] ([[User talk:Liu Shengnan|talk]]) 08:25, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘胜楠 Liú Shèngnán 翻译学 女 202120081506==&lt;br /&gt;
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《石头记》缘起既明，正不知那石头上面记着何人何事？看官请听。按那石上书云：当日地陷东南，这东南有个姑苏城，城中阊门最是红尘中一二等富贵风流之地。&lt;br /&gt;
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Now that the origin of the stone is clear, let us see what was written on the stone. Dear readers, please listen. Long ago, the earth dipped downwards in the southeast where there was a city named Gusu; and the quarter around Changmen Gate of Gusu was one of the most fashionable centres of wealth and nobility in the world of men. --[[User:Liu Shengnan|Liu Shengnan]] ([[User talk:Liu Shengnan|talk]]) 02:10, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The origin of &amp;quot;The Story of the Stone&amp;quot; was clear, but did you know who or what was written on the stone? Please listen to me and go on. According to the record on the stone: One day, there was a subsidence in southeast and there was Gusu City. In the city, the quarter around Changmen Gate was one of the most fashionable centres of wealth and nobility in the world of men.  --[[User:Liu Wei|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei|talk]]) 03:13, 23 November 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘薇 Liú Wēi 国别 女 202120081507==&lt;br /&gt;
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这阊门外有个十里街，街内有个仁清巷，巷内有个古庙，因地方狭窄，人皆呼作“葫芦庙”。庙旁住着一家乡宦，姓甄名费，字士隐；嫡妻封氏，性情贤淑，深明礼义。家中虽不甚富贵，然本地也推他为望族了。&lt;br /&gt;
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Outside the city of Changmen gate, there was a Shili street and a Renqing lane was on the street. In the Renqing lane, there was an ancient temple called &amp;quot;Hulu temple&amp;quot; owing to it`s narrow location. Next to the temple lived a hometown official named Zhen Fei, courtesy named Shi Yin; his legal wife, surnamed Feng, was a virtuous person with a deep sense of courtesy and righteousness. Although the family was not very rich, the local people also thought that he was a prominent family.  --[[User:Liu Wei|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei|talk]]) 14:02, 21 November 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei&lt;br /&gt;
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Outside the Changmen gate was the Shili street and the Renqing lane, inside which was an ancient temple, called the &amp;quot;Gourd temple&amp;quot; for its narrow space. Next to the temple lived a retired official named Zhen Fei, whose courtesy name was Shi Yin; his legal wife Mrs. Feng was a virtuous person with a deep awareness of courtesy and righteousness. Although the family was not very rich, the locals also regarded him as a noble man.--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 15:19, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘晓 Liú Xiǎo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081508==&lt;br /&gt;
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因这甄士隐禀性恬淡，不以功名为念，每日只以观花种竹、酌酒吟诗为乐，倒是神仙一流人物。只是一件不足：年过半百，膝下无儿；只有一女，乳名英莲，年方三岁。一日炎夏永昼，士隐于书房闲坐，手倦抛书，伏几盹睡，不觉矇眬中走至一处，不辨是何地方。&lt;br /&gt;
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Hidden Truth had a tranquil mind, indifferent to fame or gain. The only fun in every day life was enjoying beautiful flowers and planting bamboo, drinking nectared wine and reciting poetry. What a fairy-like figure! There was only one pity, that is, though in his fifty years old, he had no son nut only one three-year-old daughter, named Pity Zhen. One day in the hot summer, Hidden Truth was sitting idly in his study. Tired, he threw away his book and fell asleep at his desk, drifting to a place he could not tell.--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 03:19, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Zhen Shiyin had a tranquil mind, indifferent to fame or gain. The only fun in every day life was enjoying beautiful flowers and planting bamboo, drinking nectared wine and reciting poetry. What a fairy-like figure! But there was one pity, that is, though in his fifty years old, he had no son nut only one three-year-old daughter, named Yinglian. One day in the hot summer, Shenyin was sitting idly in his study. He was so tired that he threw away his book and fell asleep at his desk, drifting to a place he could not tell.--[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 05:12, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘越 Liú Yuè 亚非语言文学 女 202120081509==&lt;br /&gt;
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忽见那厢来了一僧一道，且行且谈。只听道人问道：“你携了此物，意欲何往？”那僧笑道：“你放心。如今现有一段风流公案，正该了结，这一干风流冤家，尚未投胎人世。&lt;br /&gt;
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Unexpectedly he espied， in the opposite direction， two priests coming towards him： the one a Buddhist， the other a Taoist. As they advanced they kept up the conversation in which they were engaged. &amp;quot;Whither do you purpose taking the object you have brought away？&amp;quot; he heard the Taoist inquire. To this question the Buddhist replied with a smile： &amp;quot;Set your mind at ease，&amp;quot; he said； &amp;quot;there's now in maturity a plot of a general character involving mundane pleasures， which will presently come to a denouement. The whole number of the votaries of voluptuousness have， as yet， not been quickened or entered the world.--[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 05:07, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Unexpectedly he espied, from the opposite direction, A monk and a Taoist coming up to him. As they advanced, they kept up the conversation in which they were engaged. &amp;quot;Whither do you purpose taking the thing you have brought away？&amp;quot; He heard the Taoist inquire. The Buddhist replied with a smile: &amp;quot;Set your mind at ease. There's now a case of romantic affairs, which should presently come to a denouement. The whole number of the votaries of voluptuousness involved in have not been reincarnated.--[[User:Liu Yunxin|Liu Yunxin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yunxin|talk]]) 12:31, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘运心 Liú Yùnxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081510==&lt;br /&gt;
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趁此机会，就将此物夹带于中，使他去经历经历。”那道人道：“原来近日风流冤家又将造劫历世，但不知起于何处，落于何方？”那僧道：“此事说来好笑。&lt;br /&gt;
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Taking this opportunity, we can mingle it in them and let it experience the life on earth.&amp;quot; The Taoist said: &amp;quot;So those debtors of love affairs will be reincarnated and then suffer on earth. But from which place will the reincarnation start and in which direction will them be placed still remain unsettled.&amp;quot; The monk said: &amp;quot;It's a funny story. --[[User:Liu Yunxin|Liu Yunxin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yunxin|talk]]) 12:28, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Taking this opportunity, we can carry it away and let it experience the life on earth. ”The Taoist priest said: &amp;quot;The debtors of love affairs will be reincarnated and then suffer on earth recently. But it' s unknown that from when the story started and to where will it go.“ The monk said: &amp;quot;It's a funny story....--  --[[User:Luo Anyi|Luo Anyi]] ([[User talk:Luo Anyi|talk]]) 08:23, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗安怡 Luó Ānyí 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081511==&lt;br /&gt;
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只因当年这个石头，娲皇未用，自己却也落得逍遥自在，各处去游玩。一日来到警幻仙子处，那仙子知他有些来历，因留他在赤霞宫中，名他为赤霞宫神瑛侍者。他却常在西方灵河岸上行走，看见那灵河岸上三生石畔有棵绛珠仙草，十分娇娜可爱，遂日以甘露灌溉，这绛珠草始得久延岁月。&lt;br /&gt;
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This stone have not been used by The Empress Nu Wo. Thus It used to be free to roam on the heavens until one day he came to the Fairy of Wonders, who knew his special background. So she kept him in her palace and gave him the name by the Divine Eunuch of the Palace. He often walked along the bank of the Spirit River in the West where he saw a delicate and lovely flower on the bank of the Three Living Stones. Being struck with the great beauty of this flower, the stone remained there, tending its protegee with the most loving care, and daily moistening its roots with the choicest nectar of the sky. Yielding to the influence of disinterested love, the flower lived a longer life. --[[User:Luo Anyi|Luo Anyi]] ([[User talk:Luo Anyi|talk]]) 07:32, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Because this stone in that age hasn‘t been used by a goddess in Chinese mythology，he could be careless and can go to visit many places for fun.One day，he come to the Fairy of Wonders who knew his special background. So she kept him in her palace and gave him the name by the Divine Eunuch of the Palace.But he always walks by the bank of the Spirit River.One day，he saw a fairy grass beside the Three Living Stones on the bank of the river，which is cute and delicate，so he irrigated it day by day，making it living longer.--[[User:Luo Xi|Luo Xi]] ([[User talk:Luo Xi|talk]]) 15:31, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗曦 Luó Xī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081512==&lt;br /&gt;
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后来既受天地精华，复得甘露滋养，遂脱了草木之胎，幻化人形，仅仅修成女体，终日游于离恨天外，饥餐秘情果，渴饮灌愁水。只因尚未酬报灌溉之德，故甚至五内郁结着一段缠绵不尽之意。常说：‘自己受了他雨露之惠，我并无此水可还。&lt;br /&gt;
Afterwards，because of the essence of the nature and the nutrients of the dew，it gradually got rid of itself from the trees and become a human-being，but only can become a female，meandering outside all day long，when feeling hungry，she would eat fruits，and when feeling thirsty，she would drink water.The reason for her lingering emotions is that she haven‘t showed her gratitude to her benefactors.She always said that：“I was benefited from his dew，but I can‘t bring back a report.”--[[User:Luo Xi|Luo Xi]] ([[User talk:Luo Xi|talk]]) 15:21, 28 November 2021 (UTC)--[[User:Luo Xi|Luo Xi]] ([[User talk:Luo Xi|talk]]) 15:21, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==马新 Mǎ Xīn 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081513==&lt;br /&gt;
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他若下世为人，我也同去走一遭，但把我一生所有的眼泪还他，也还得过了。’因此一事，就勾出多少风流冤家都要下凡，造历幻缘，那绛珠仙草也在其中。今日这石正该下世，我来特地将他仍带到警幻仙子案前，给他挂了号，同这些情鬼下凡，一了此案。”&lt;br /&gt;
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If he could be reincarnated as human in the next life, I would also go with him but only in this time return all the sorrows to him, which can let me go through the life. “For this reason, how many pretty teases have to descend to the world suffering the illusory fates, and the Crimson Pearl Flower is also among them. Today, this stone is about to be born, so I comes here specially to bring him to the court of Fairy Maiden Jinhuan, registering him and letting him go down to the earth with ghosts  in order to settle the case.”--[[User:Ma Xin|Ma Xin]] ([[User talk:Ma Xin|talk]]) 12:37, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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If he could be reincarnated as human in the next life, I would go with him, but I should also return all the sorrows in this time to him, which can enable me to go through the life. &amp;quot;For this reason, lots of pretty teases have to descend to the world suffering the illusory destiny, and that Crimson Pearl Flower is also amomg them. Today this jade is about to be born, so I come here specially to take him to the court of Fairy Maiden Jinhuan, endowing him with a registration and letting him go down to the earth with those sentimental ghosts so as to settle the case.--[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 15:16, 27 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛雅文 Máo Yǎwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081514==&lt;br /&gt;
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那道人道：“果是好笑，从来不闻有‘还泪’之说。趁此，你我何不也下世度脱几个，岂不是一场功德？”那僧道：“正合吾意。你且同我到警幻仙子宫中，将这蠢物交割清楚，待这一干风流孽鬼下世，你我再去。如今有一半落尘，然犹未全集。”&lt;br /&gt;
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The Taoist priest says:&amp;quot;It's really ridiculous. I have never heard of the saying of 'returning tears'. We can also take this opportunity to release several souls from purgatory (help several souls of the decease get rid of worldly sufferings). Isn't it a merit?&amp;quot; The monk replies:&amp;quot;It's exactly what I am hoping for. You and I are going to the palace of the fairy maiden Jing Huan, and to deliver such a jade and figure it out. When these dissolute and sinful evils all pass away, we will go to the afterlife. Half of them have fallen into the earthly world, but they have not yet gathered completely.&amp;quot;--[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 15:04, 27 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The Taoist priest says:&amp;quot;It's really ridiculous. I have never heard of the saying of 'returning tears'. We can also take this opportunity to release several souls from purgatory (help several souls of the decease get rid of worldly sufferings). Isn't it a merit?&amp;quot; The monk replies:&amp;quot;It's exactly what I am hoping for. You and I will go the palace of the fairy maiden Jing Huan, and to deliver such a jade and figure it out. When these dissolute and sinful evils all pass away, we will go to the afterlife. Half of them have fallen into the earthly world, but they have not yet gathered completely.&amp;quot;--[[User:Mao You|Mao You]] ([[User talk:Mao You|talk]]) 06:56, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛优 Máo Yōu 俄语语言文学 女 202120081515==&lt;br /&gt;
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道人道：“既如此，便随你去来。”却说甄士隐俱听得明白，遂不禁上前施礼，笑问道：“二位仙师请了。”那僧、道也忙答礼相问。&lt;br /&gt;
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The Taoist said, &amp;quot;In that case, let's go with you.&amp;quot; Then Hidden Truth heard and understood, so he could not help but go forward to salute, smiling and saying, &amp;quot; Please, distinguished masters.&amp;quot; The monk and the Taoist also replied with manners.&lt;br /&gt;
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The Taoist said, &amp;quot;In that case, let's go with you.&amp;quot; Then Hidden Truth heard and understood, so he could not help but go forward to salute, smiling and saying, &amp;quot; Please, distinguished masters.&amp;quot; The monk and the Taoist also immediately replied with manners.--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 10:50, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==牟一心 Móu Yīxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081516==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐因说道：“适闻仙师所谈因果，实人世罕闻者。但弟子愚拙，不能洞悉明白。若蒙大开痴顽，备细一闻，弟子洗耳谛听，稍能警省，亦可免沉沦之苦了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Hidden Truth said: &amp;quot;What you master talked about the cause and effect is definitely rare in the world. But I am stupid and can't fully understand it. If you can explain it for me to get rid of infatuation and stubbornness, I will listen to you carefully and then take warning from it, avoiding the suffering of enthrallment.&amp;quot;--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 08:01, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Hidden Truth then said, &amp;quot;I have just heard you master's words about karma, a truly rare insight in the world. But I am too ignorant to understand it. If I could be enlightened by you two to get rid of infatuation and stubbornness, I would certainly listen carefully to all that you say and then take warning from it, avoiding the suffering of enthrallment.&amp;quot;--[[User:Peng Ruixue|Peng Ruixue]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruixue|talk]]) 07:54, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==彭瑞雪 Péng Ruìxuě 法语语言文学 女 202120081517==&lt;br /&gt;
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二仙笑道：“此乃玄机，不可预泄。到那时只不要忘了我二人，便可跳出火坑矣。”士隐听了，不便再问，因笑道：“玄机固不可泄露，但适云‘蠢物’，不知为何？或可得见否？”那僧说：“若问此物，倒有一面之缘。”&lt;br /&gt;
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The two immortals laughed and said, &amp;quot;It is something metaphysical and cannot be divulged in advance.  At that time, just don't forget the two of us, and you will be free from your predicament.&amp;quot; When Shi Yin heard this, he stopped pursuing the matter. He laughed and said, &amp;quot;Of course the mystery must not be divulged, but I don't quite understand what the 'stupid thing' is that you just mentioned. Perhaps I have a chance to see it?&amp;quot;  The monk said, &amp;quot;This thing you are asking about, you do have the fortune to see it.--[[User:Peng Ruixue|Peng Ruixue]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruixue|talk]]) 07:39, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The two immortals laughed and said, &amp;quot;It is metaphysical and cannot be divulged in advance. At that time, if you don't forget two of us, and you will be free from your predicament.&amp;quot; When Shi Yin heard this, he stopped pursuing the matter. He laughed and said, &amp;quot;Of course the mystery must not be divulged, but I don't quite understand what the 'stupid thing' is that you just mentioned. Perhaps I have a chance to see it?&amp;quot;  The monk said, &amp;quot;This thing you are asking about, you do have the fortune to see it.--[[User:Qing Jianan|Qing Jianan]] ([[User talk:Qing Jianan|talk]]) 06:17, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==秦建安 Qín Jiànān 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081518==&lt;br /&gt;
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说着取出，递与士隐。士隐接了看时，原来是块鲜明美玉，上面字迹分明，镌着“通灵宝玉”四字，后面还有几行小字。正欲细看时，那僧便说已到幻境，就强从手中夺了去。&lt;br /&gt;
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He said and took it out to Hidden Truth. ShiYin received it and found it a bright beautiful jade in which there were four clear characters:Tong Ling Bao Yu followes by several lines of words.When Hidden Truth craved for a careful look, that monk said that he had reached the illusion, so he snatched it from ShiYin's hand.--[[User:Qing Jianan|Qing Jianan]] ([[User talk:Qing Jianan|talk]]) 02:57, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Then he said as he took it out and handed it to Hidden Truth. Hidden Truth took a look, and it turned out to be a piece of bright beautiful jade, with clear writing above, engraved with the “Tongling jade”. There were a few lines of small characters behind. When he was about to take a closer look, the monk said he had reached the Illusory Land and snatched the jade from his hands.--[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 01:47, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邱婷婷 Qiū Tíngtíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081519==&lt;br /&gt;
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和那道人竟过了一座大石牌坊，上面大书四字，乃是“太虚幻境”。两边又有一副对联道：假作真时真亦假，无为有处有还无。士隐意欲也跟着过去，方举步时，忽听一声霹雳，若山崩地陷。&lt;br /&gt;
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And with that Taoist priest actually passed a large stone archway, above which was engraved four big words, is “ Illusory Land of Great Void ”.On both sides there was a pair of couplets: If false is taken as the truth, then truth is said to be lieing , when nothing is taken as being, then being itself is turned into nothing. Hidden Truth also wanted to pass the big stone archway, but the moment he was about to raise his foot, he heard a crack of thunder which sounded as if the hills were rending asunder and the earth falling in.--[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 02:52, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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And that Taoist passed a large stone pagoda, written on it four big words, is &amp;quot;Taixu fantasy realm&amp;quot;. On both sides, there is a couplet saying: &amp;quot;Falsehood is true when it is true, and there is nothing where there is nothing&amp;quot;. Hidden Truth also wanted to follow, when just ready to raise his feet, he heard a thunderbolt all of a sudden, as if a landslide happened.--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 02:48, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==饶金盈 Ráo Jīnyíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081520==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐大叫一声，定睛看时，只见烈日炎炎，芭蕉冉冉，梦中之事便忘了一半。又见奶母抱了英莲走来。士隐见女儿越发生得粉装玉琢，乖觉可喜，便伸手接来，抱在怀中，斗他玩耍一会。&lt;br /&gt;
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Hidden Truth cried out, and when he fixed his eyes, only seeing the sun is shining, the weather is bright, and the plantains are flourishing, and then he forgot half of his dream. Later, the lactating mother coming with Pity Zhen in her arms. When Hidden Truth noted that his daughter was becoming more and more beautiful and cute, he reached out and took her in his arms, and teased her for a while.--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 02:43, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Hidden Truth cried out, fixing his eyes on the blazing sun and supplely drooping banana leaves, only to be oblivious to half of his dream. Then the wet nurse came over with Pity Zhen in her arms. Hidden Truth perceived that his daughter became so fair and lovely that he couldn’t wait to cradle her in his arms to amuse her.--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 05:48, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Headline text ==&lt;br /&gt;
==石丽青 Shí Lìqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081521==&lt;br /&gt;
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又带至街前，看那过会的热闹。方欲进来时，只见从那边来了一僧一道：那僧癞头跣足，那道跛足蓬头，疯疯癫癫，挥霍谈笑而至。及到了他门前，看见士隐抱着英莲，那僧便大哭起来，又向士隐道：“施主，你把这有命无运、累及爹娘之物抱在怀内作甚？”&lt;br /&gt;
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Hidden Truth then took his lovely daughter out into the street to see the lively meeting. When he was about to enter the door, he saw a monk and a Taoist coming from the other side: the monk had ringworm on his head and no shoes or socks on his feet; the Taoist priest was characterized by lameness and untidy hair. They came over, crazy, talking and laughing. When they got to Hidden Truth’s door, seeing him holding Pity Zhen in his arms. The monk began to cry and said to Hidden Truth, “ Benefactor, why did you cradle such an ill-fated and encumbering child in your arms？”--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 01:35, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Shiyin then took his lovely daughter to the street to see the lively agora. When he was about to enter the door, he saw a monk and a Taoist priest coming from the other side: the monk had ringworm on his head and no shoes or socks on his feet; the Taoist priest was characterized by lameness and untidy hair. They acted like a lunatic and came over,talking and laughing. When they got to Shiyin’s door, seeing him holding Yinglian in his arms. The monk began to cry and said to Shiyin, “ Benefactor, why did you cradle such an ill-fated and encumbering child in your arms？”--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 06:06, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==孙雅诗 Sūn Yǎshī 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081522==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐听了，知是疯话，也不睬他。那僧还说：“舍我罢，舍我罢。”士隐不耐烦，便抱着女儿转身。&lt;br /&gt;
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After listening to him,Shiyin knew that it's crazy words and ignored him.But the monk also said:&amp;quot;Give her to me,give her to me.&amp;quot; Shiyin was impatient,so he held his daughter and turned to leave.--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 05:59, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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After listening to him, Hidden Truth knew that it was lunatic ravings and ignored him. But the monk complemented:&amp;quot;Give her to me, give her to me.&amp;quot; Hidden Truth got impatient, so he embraced his daughter and turned around. --[[User:Wang Lifei|Wang Lifei]] ([[User talk:Wang Lifei|talk]]) 12:14, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王李菲 Wáng Lǐfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081523==&lt;br /&gt;
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才要进去，那僧乃指着他大笑，口内念了四句言词，道是：惯养娇生笑你痴，菱花空对雪澌澌。好防佳节元宵后，便是烟消火灭时。&lt;br /&gt;
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When he was about to get in, the monk pointed at him and laughed, mumbling four sentences, which mean “how crazy that you pamper your daughter like this, (see you embrace Yinglian), just like the summer lotus are exposed to the winter snow. Beware of the days after the Lantern Festival, then there is a fire to vanish everything.”--[[User:Wang Lifei|Wang Lifei]] ([[User talk:Wang Lifei|talk]]) 03:03, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
When he wanted to go in, the monk pointed at him and laughed, saying…--[[User:Wang Yifan21|Wang Yifan21]] ([[User talk:Wang Yifan21|talk]]) 06:56, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王逸凡 Wáng Yìfán 亚非语言文学 女 202120081524==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐听得明白，心下犹豫，意欲问他来历，只听道人说道：“你我不必同行，就此分手，各干营生去罢。三劫后，我在北邙山等你，会齐了，同往太虚幻境销号。”那僧道：“最妙，最妙。”&lt;br /&gt;
Shi Yin understood and hesitated, intending to ask him where he came from. The Taoist said, &amp;quot;You and I don't need to go together. Three days later, I wait for you in north mangshan, meet together, with the imaginary land sales number.&amp;quot; The monk said, &amp;quot;The best, the best.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wang Yifan21|Wang Yifan21]] ([[User talk:Wang Yifan21|talk]]) 06:44, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Shiyin understood,hesitated in his heart,and wanted to ask him where he came from.He only heard the Taoist say: &amp;quot;You and I don't have to go together, just break up and go to work. After the Three Tribulations, I will wait for you in Beimanshan,nnd go to the Tai Unreal Realm to sell the number.&amp;quot; The monk said: &amp;quot;The most wonderful, the most wonderful.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wang Zhenlong|Wang Zhenlong]] ([[User talk:Wang Zhenlong|talk]]) 13:40, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王镇隆 Wáng Zhènlóng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 男 202120081525==&lt;br /&gt;
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说毕，二人一去，再不见个踪影了。士隐心中此时自忖：“这两个人必有来历，很该问他一问，如今后悔却已晚了。”这士隐正在痴想，忽见隔壁葫芦庙内寄居的一个穷儒，姓贾名化、表字时飞、别号雨村的走来。&lt;br /&gt;
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After that,the two went away,and they were nowhere to be seen.Shiyin thought to himself at this moment: &amp;quot;These two people must have a history.It's time to ask him,but now it's too late to regret.&amp;quot; Shiyin was thinking about it,but suddenly saw a poor scholar living in the Hulu temple next door whose first name is Jia,last name hua,Courtesy name Shifei,and another name Yucun came.--[[User:Wang Zhenlong|Wang Zhenlong]] ([[User talk:Wang Zhenlong|talk]]) 13:37, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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After saying that, the two went away, and there was no sign of them anymore. Shiyin thought to himself at this moment: &amp;quot;These two people surely had some backgrounds. I should have asked him, but it was too late to regret now.&amp;quot; Shiyin was daydreaming, but suddenly saw a poor scholar living in the Hulu temple next door coming up. His first name is hua, last name is jia, secondary personal name is Shifei, and another name is Rainvillage Merchant.--[[User:Wei Yiwen|Wei Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Wei Yiwen|talk]]) 14:46, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==卫怡雯 Wèi Yíwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081526==&lt;br /&gt;
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这贾雨村原系湖州人氏，也是诗书仕宦之族。因他生于末世，父母祖宗根基已尽，人口衰丧，只剩得他一身一口。在家乡无益，因进京求取功名，再整基业。&lt;br /&gt;
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Rainvillage Merchant was born in Huzhou and came from a family of Confucian scholars and officials. Because he was born in last phase of age, the roots of his ancestors had died out. Family declined, and left him alone. He found no benefit in hometown, so he went to Beijing to strive for fame and tried to make another solid foundation for family.--[[User:Wei Yiwen|Wei Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Wei Yiwen|talk]]) 03:10, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Jia Yucun came from Huzhou and was born in a family of scholars and officials. However, because he was born in the last phase of the age, the root of his ancestors had died out and family declined, leaving him alone in the world. He found no benefit in hometown, so he went to Beijing to strive for success and fame and tried to make the revitalization of his family.--[[User:Wei Chuxuan|Wei Chuxuan]] ([[User talk:Wei Chuxuan|talk]]) 04:46, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏楚璇 Wèi Chǔxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081527==&lt;br /&gt;
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自前岁来此，又淹蹇住了，暂寄庙中安身，每日卖文作字为生，故士隐常与他交接。当下雨村见了士隐，忙施礼陪笑道：“老先生倚门伫望，敢街市上有甚新闻么？”士隐笑道：“非也。适因小女啼哭，引他出来作耍。正是无聊的很，贾兄来得正好，请入小斋，彼此俱可消此永昼。” &lt;br /&gt;
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Since arriving in Beijing the year before last, Jia Yuchun had led a hard life, living only in a temple. He wrote poems and articles in exchange for money every day, so Shiyin often often met with him. Once Yucun saw Shiyin, hurriedly saluted and said with a smile, &amp;quot; Sir, you are leaning on the door and looking at something. Is there any news in the market?&amp;quot; Shiyin smiled and said, &amp;quot;No. Just because my little girl cried, so I took her out to play. I am so bored now and you are so nice to appear in time. Please come into my study with me, so that we can both kill the boring time.&amp;quot; --[[User:Wei Chuxuan|Wei Chuxuan]] ([[User talk:Wei Chuxuan|talk]]) 03:35, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Since arriving in Beijing the year before last, Jia Yuchun found himself in difficult conditions and desperate straits. He lived only in a temple and made a living by writing in exchange for money every day, so Shiyin often met with him. At that moment, Yucun saw Shiyin, hurriedly saluted and said with smile, &amp;quot; An old gentleman as you, leaning on the door and looking at something, I wander that is there any news in the street?&amp;quot; Shiyin smiled and said, &amp;quot;Hardly, just because my little girl cried, so I take her out to play. I am so bored now and you‘ve come just at the right moment. Please come into my study, so that we can spend the long day together.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wei Zhaoyan|Wei Zhaoyan]] ([[User talk:Wei Zhaoyan|talk]]) 14:13, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏兆妍 Wèi Zhàoyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081528==&lt;br /&gt;
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说着，便令人送女儿进去。自携了雨村来至书房中，小童献茶。方谈得三五句话，忽家人飞报：“严老爷来拜。”&lt;br /&gt;
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While he was talking, he asked someone to take his daughter back to her room. Then he took Yucun to his study, and a child offered a cup of tea for each of them. But just said a few words, suddenly the family member came quickly to say that &amp;quot;Master Yan came to visit.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wei Zhaoyan|Wei Zhaoyan]] ([[User talk:Wei Zhaoyan|talk]]) 07:30, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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While talking, he asked someone to take his daughter back to her room. Then he took Rainvillage Merchant to his study, and a child offered a cup of tea for each of them. But just said a few words, suddenly the family member came quickly to say that &amp;quot;Master Yan came to visit.&amp;quot; --[[User:Wu Jingyue|Wu Jingyue]] ([[User talk:Wu Jingyue|talk]]) 14:01, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴婧悦 Wú Jìngyuè 俄语语言文学 女 202120081529==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐慌忙起身谢道：“恕诓驾之罪。且请略坐，弟即来奉陪。”雨村起身也让道：“老先生请便。晚生乃常造之客，稍候何妨！”说着，士隐已出前厅去了。&lt;br /&gt;
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HiddenTruth stood up hurriedly and said, &amp;quot; Excuse me.Please sit for a moment first, and I will entertain you at once.&amp;quot;Rainvillage Merchant also stood up and answered:&amp;quot; Old gentleman, you go. I often come to you here as a guest, wait a little while is not the matter!&amp;quot; Said, Hidden Truth had walked out of the guest room.--[[User:Wu Jingyue|Wu Jingyue]] ([[User talk:Wu Jingyue|talk]]) 02:51, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Shiyin hurriedly got up and thanked, &amp;quot;excuse the crime of cheating driving. Please sit down and my brother will accompany you.&amp;quot; Yucun got up and said, &amp;quot;please help yourself, sir. My late life is a regular guest. Why not wait a minute!&amp;quot; said Shiyin, who had left the front hall.--[[User:Wu Yinghong|Wu Yinghong]] ([[User talk:Wu Yinghong|talk]]) 13:44, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴映红 Wú Yìnghóng 日语语言文学 女 202120081530==&lt;br /&gt;
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这里雨村且翻弄诗籍解闷，忽听得窗外有女子嗽声。雨村遂起身往外一看，原来是一个丫鬟在那里掐花儿：生的仪容不俗，眉目清秀，虽无十分姿色，却也有动人之处。雨村不觉看得呆了。那甄家丫鬟掐了花儿，方欲走时，猛抬头见窗内有人：敝巾旧服，虽是贫窘，然生得腰圆背厚，面阔口方，更兼剑眉星眼，直鼻方腮。&lt;br /&gt;
Here in the rain village, I turned to poetry books to relieve my boredom. Suddenly I heard a woman coughing outside the window. Yucun then got up and looked out. It turned out that it was a servant girl pinching flowers there: Sheng's appearance was not vulgar and his eyebrows were beautiful. Although he was not very beautiful, he was also moving. Yucun was stunned. The Zhen servant girl pinched the flowers. When Fang was about to leave, she suddenly looked up and saw someone in the window: Although I was poor and embarrassed, I had a round waist, thick back, wide face and square mouth. I also had sword eyebrows, star eyes, straight nose and square cheeks.&lt;br /&gt;
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Yuncun was reading poems to relieve his boredom, suddenly hearing a girl outside the window coughing. Yucun stood up and found a housemaid picking flowers: she was of good appearance and pretty features. Although she was not perfect, she had something touching. Yucun felt stunned. The girl had pinched the flowers and was about to leave when she suddenly raised her head and saw someone in the window. In rags, he had a round waist and a thick back, a wide face and a square mouth, with a sword eyebrow and star eyes, a straight nose and a square cheek.--[[User:Xiao Yiyao|Xiao Yiyao]] ([[User talk:Xiao Yiyao|talk]]) 10:14, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531==&lt;br /&gt;
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这丫鬟忙转身回避，心下自想：“这人生的这样雄壮，却又这样褴褛。我家并无这样贫窘亲友，想他定是主人常说的什么贾雨村了。怪道又说他必非久困之人，每每有意帮助周济他，只是没什么机会。”如此一想，不免又回头一两次。雨村见他回头，便以为这女子心中有意于他，遂狂喜不禁，自谓此女子必是个巨眼英豪，风尘中之知己。&lt;br /&gt;
The housemaid turned away quickly and said to herself:” the man is so grand and ragged. I don’t have such deprived friends and relatives, thus he must be Rain Village Merchant that the master has mentioned frequently. It’s said that he will not be trapped in poverty for a long time. The master has meant to help him but doesn’t find a proper chance.”  At the thought of this, she looked back for several times, which misled Rian Village to think the girl was attracted by him and felt very excited. He believed that the girl must have  a pair of wisdom eye and was his true friend in difficulty.--[[User:Xiao Yiyao|Xiao Yiyao]] ([[User talk:Xiao Yiyao|talk]]) 02:16, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The housemaid turned away hurriedly and thought to herself:” the man is so strong, but his clothes are shabby. I don’t have such deprived friends and relatives, thus he must be Jia Yucun that the master has mentioned frequently. It’s said that he will not be trapped in poverty for a long time. The master has always meant to help him but doesn’t find a proper chance.”  At the thought of this, she looked back for several times, which misled Yu Cun to think the girl was attracted by him and felt very excited. He believed that the girl must have a good taste and was his true friend in difficulty.--[[User:Xie Jiafen|Xie Jiafen]] ([[User talk:Xie Jiafen|talk]]) 11:27, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532==&lt;br /&gt;
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一时小童进来，雨村打听得前面留饭，不可久待，遂从夹道中，自便门出去了。士隐待客既散，知雨村已去，便也不去再邀。一日，到了中秋佳节。&lt;br /&gt;
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When a child came in, Rainvillage heard that the host entertained the guests meal. Therefore, he knew that he couldn't stay long, so he went out through the lane and went out by himself. Later, Hidden Truth had already served guests, knowing that Rainvillage had gone, so he didn't invite again. One day, it was the Mid Autumn Festival.&lt;br /&gt;
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When a child came in, Rainvillage heard that the host entertained the guests meal. Therefore, he knew that he couldn't stay long, so he went out through the lane and went out by himself. Later, Hidden Truth had already served guests, knowing that Rainvillage had gone, so he didn't invite again. One day, it was the Mid Autumn Festival.--[[User:Xie Qinglin|Xie Qinglin]] ([[User talk:Xie Qinglin|talk]]) 07:53, 26 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢庆琳 Xiè Qìnglín 俄语语言文学 女 202120081533==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐家宴已毕，又另具一席于书房，自己步至庙中来邀雨村。原来雨村自那日见了甄家丫鬟曾回顾他两次，自谓是个知己，便时刻放在心上。今又正值中秋，不免对月有怀，因而口占五言一律云：&lt;br /&gt;
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Shiiyin‘s family banquet has been completed, and another seat in the study, he came to the temple to invite Yucun. It turns out that since that day Yucun saw the Zhen family maid had looked back at him twice, since he said he was a confidant, so he always put on his heart. Now it was the mid-autumn festival, so I couldn't help but feel nostalgic for the moon, so I took five words from the mouth and said.--[[User:Xie Qinglin|Xie Qinglin]] ([[User talk:Xie Qinglin|talk]]) 07:51, 26 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Shiiyin‘s family banquet has been completed, and another seat in the study, he came to the temple to invite Yucun. It turns out that since that day Yucun saw the Zhen family maid had looked back at him twice, since he said he was a confidant, so he always put on his heart. Now it was the mid-autumn festival, so I couldn't help but feel nostalgic for the moon, so I took five words from the mouth and said.--[[User:Xiong Min|Xiong Min]] ([[User talk:Xiong Min|talk]]) 14:30, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==熊敏 Xióng Mǐn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081534==&lt;br /&gt;
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未卜三生愿，频添一段愁。闷来时敛额，行去几回头。自顾风前影，谁堪月下俦？蟾光如有意，先上玉人楼。&lt;br /&gt;
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I haven’t realized my dream yet, but had sorrowful experience. I often frown when I feel depressed and look back repeatedly when I farewell. With the wind blowing, I look at my shadow. Who can be my partner? If the moon helps,please shed light on the girl’s window and show her my love.&lt;br /&gt;
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I haven’t realized my dream yet, but had sorrowful experience. I often frown when I feel depressed and look back repeatedly when I farewell. With the wind blowing, I look at my shadow. Who can be my partner? If the moon helps,please shed light on the girl’s window and show her my love.--[[User:Xu Minyun|Xu Minyun]] ([[User talk:Xu Minyun|talk]]) 12:02, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==徐敏赟 Xú Mǐnyūn 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 男 202120081535==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村吟罢，因又思及平生抱负，苦未逢时，乃又搔首对天长叹，复高吟一联云：玉在椟中求善价，钗于奁内待时飞。恰值士隐走来听见，笑道：“雨村兄真抱负不凡也！”&lt;br /&gt;
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After Rainvillage Merchant finished reciting the love poems of Lucky, he thought of his great ambitions and thought that he had not met a good time, so he recited a pair of couplets that he created aloud: &amp;quot;Jade and hairpin are all placed in the box, hoping that one day it can realize its value and play its role.&amp;quot; Just when Hidden Truth came to hear it, Shiyin smiled and said, &amp;quot;Brother Rainvillage Merchant is really ambitious!&amp;quot;--[[User:Xu Minyun|Xu Minyun]] ([[User talk:Xu Minyun|talk]]) 11:38, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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After Rainvillage Merchant finished reciting the love poems of Lucky, he thought of his great ambitions and thought that he had not met a good time, so he recited aloud a pair of couplets that he created: &amp;quot;Jade and hairpin are all placed in the box, hoping that one day it can realize its value and play its role.&amp;quot; Just when Hidden Truth came to hear it, Shiyin smiled and said, &amp;quot;Rainvillage Merchant is really ambitious!&amp;quot;--[[User:Yan Jing|Yan Jing]] ([[User talk:Yan Jing|talk]]) 16:53, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜静 Yán Jìng 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 女 202120081536==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村忙笑道：“不敢。不过偶吟前人之句，何期过誉如此！”因问：“老先生何兴至此？”士隐笑道：“今夜中秋，俗谓团圆之节。想尊兄旅寄僧房，不无寂寥之感。故特具小酌，邀兄到敝斋一饮。不知可纳芹意否？”&lt;br /&gt;
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Yucun laughed and hurriedly said, &amp;quot;No no, I just recite the words of the predecessors. You speak too highly of me!&amp;quot; he asked, &amp;quot;Why did you come here, sir?&amp;quot; Shiyin smiled, &amp;quot;Tonight is the reunion time of Mid Autumn Festival. You lodged with a monk's room alone. So I come to invite you to have a drink with me. What do you think?&amp;quot;--[[User:Yan Jing|Yan Jing]] ([[User talk:Yan Jing|talk]]) 10:51, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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 &amp;quot;Why did you come here, master?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 You are lodged with a monk's room alone. --[[User:Yan Lili|Yan Lili]] ([[User talk:Yan Lili|talk]]) 02:18, 29 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜莉莉 Yán Lìlì 国别 女 202120081537==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村听了，并不推辞，便笑道：“既蒙谬爱，何敢拂此盛情！”说着，便同士隐复过这边书院中来了。须臾茶毕，早已设下杯盘，那美酒佳肴，自不必说。&lt;br /&gt;
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Hearing this, Rainvillage Merchant did not refuse, but said with a smile: &amp;quot;Since I am indebted to you, I dare not live up to this feeling.&amp;quot; Then he and  Hidden Truth came to the academy here. In a moment they had finished their tea, and a feast had already been set up, with wine and food, in which the delicacy was all.&lt;br /&gt;
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They went to the court in front of Hidden Truth 's study. Soon they had fin rished their tea and sat down to a collation of choice wine and delicacies.--[[User:Yan Zihan|Yan Zihan]] ([[User talk:Yan Zihan|talk]]) 11:36, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜子涵 Yán Zǐhán 国别 女 202120081538==&lt;br /&gt;
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二人归坐，先是款酌慢饮；渐次谈至兴浓，不觉飞觥献斝起来。当时街坊上家家箫管，户户笙歌；当头一轮明月，飞彩凝辉。二人愈添豪兴，酒到杯干。&lt;br /&gt;
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At first, they drank slowly,but their spirits rose as they talked and they began to drink more recklessly.  At that time, Flutes and  strings can be heard everywhere and every family in the neighborhood was singing; When a bright moon rises, The two became more and more cheerful, and the wine dried cup up.--[[User:Yan Zihan|Yan Zihan]] ([[User talk:Yan Zihan|talk]]) 14:26, 27 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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At first, they drank slowly,but their spirits rose as they talked in depth， they began to drink more recklessly.  At that time, the sound of flutes and  strings can be heard everywhere and every family in the neighborhood was playing and singing; When a bright moon rises, The two became more and more cheerful and drained cup after cup.--[[User:Yang Jiaying|Yang Jiaying]] ([[User talk:Yang Jiaying|talk]]) 11:39, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==阳佳颖 Yáng Jiāyǐng 国别 女 202120081540==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村此时已有七八分酒意，狂兴不禁，乃对月寓怀，口占一绝云：时逢三五便团圆，满把清光护玉栏。天上一轮才捧出，人间万姓仰头看。士隐听了，大叫：“妙极！弟每谓兄必非久居人下者，今所吟之句，飞腾之兆已现，不日可接履于云霄之上了。可贺，可贺！”&lt;br /&gt;
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WE Rainvillage Merchant, eight-tenths drunk, cannot suppress his high spirits. As he gazed at the moon, he fostered thoughts, to which he gave vent by the recital of a double couplet.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;On the fifteenth the moon is full, Her pure rays fill the court; As her bright orb sails up the sky, All men on earth gaze upwards at the sight.&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;Excellent!&amp;quot; cried Hidden Truth with a loud voice, after he had heard these lines; &amp;quot;I have repeatedly maintained that it was impossible for you to  remain in a subordinate position for a long period, and now the verses are a prognostic of your rapid advancement. In a few days you will extend your footsteps far above the clouds! Let me congratulate you.&amp;quot;！&lt;br /&gt;
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WE Rainvillage Merchant, eight-tenths drunk, cannot suppress his elation. As he gazed at the moon, he improvised a poetry to the moon and declaimed it:&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;On the fifteenth the moon is full, Her pure rays fill the court; As her bright orb sails up the sky, All men on earth gaze upwards at the sight.&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;Excellent!&amp;quot; cried Hidden Truth with a loud voice, after he had heard these lines; &amp;quot;I have repeatedly maintained that it was impossible for you to  remain in a subordinate position for a long period, and now the verses reveals your rapid advancement. In a few days you will extend your footsteps far above the clouds! Let me congratulate you.&amp;quot;！--[[User:Yang Aijiang|Yang Aijiang]] ([[User talk:Yang Aijiang|talk]]) 04:36, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨爱江 Yáng Àijiāng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081541==&lt;br /&gt;
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乃亲斟一斗为贺。雨村饮干，忽叹道：“非晚生酒后狂言，若论时尚之学，晚生也或可去充数挂名。只是如今行李路费，一概无措，神京路远，非赖卖字撰文，即能到得。”士隐不待说完，便道：“兄何不早言？弟已久有此意，但每遇兄时，并未谈及，故未敢唐突。今既如此，弟虽不才，‘义利’二字，却还识得。且喜明岁正当大比，兄宜作速入都，春闱一捷，方不负兄之所学。其盘费馀事，弟自代为处置，亦不枉兄之谬识矣。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Shiyin filled another large cup of alcohol. Yucun tossed it off and then signed. &amp;quot;Don't think this is just a talk after being drunk,&amp;quot; he said, &amp;quot;I'm sure I could acquit myself quite creditably in the examinations, but I have no money in my wallet for my travelling expenses and the capital is far away. I can't raise enough money by selling my words and articles ....&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Why didn't you say so before?&amp;quot; interjected Shiyin. &amp;quot;I've always thought about this, but since you never mentioned it it is inappropriate for me to mention this subject. If that's how things are, dull as I am at least I know what's due to a firend. Luckily the Metropolitan Examinations are coming up next year. You must go as fast as you can to the capital and prove your learning in the Spring Test. I shall take it an honor to take care of the travelling expenses and other business for you.&amp;quot;--[[User:Yang Aijiang|Yang Aijiang]] ([[User talk:Yang Aijiang|talk]]) 04:28, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Hidden Truth filled another large cup of alcohol for congratulation. Rainvillage Merchant tossed it off and then sighed: &amp;quot;Don't think this is just a talk after drinking. I'm sure I could acquit myself quite creditably in the examinations, but I have no money in my wallet for my travelling expenses and the capital is far away. I can't raise enough money only by selling my words and articles ....&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Why didn't you say that before?&amp;quot; interjected Hidden Truth. &amp;quot;I've always thought about this, but since you never mentioned it.It is inappropriate for me to mention this subject. If that's how things are, dull as I am at least I know what's due to a real friend. Luckily the Metropolitan Examinations are coming up next year. You must go as fast as you can to the capital and prove your learning in the Spring Test. I shall take it an honor to take care of the travelling expenses and other business for you.&amp;quot;--[[User:Yang Kun|Yang Kun]] ([[User talk:Yang Kun|talk]]) 11:43, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨堃 Yáng Kūn 法语语言文学 女 202120081542==&lt;br /&gt;
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当下即命小童进去，速封五十两白银并两套冬衣。又云：“十九日乃黄道之期，兄可即买舟西上。待雄飞高举，明冬再晤，岂非大快之事！”雨村收了银、衣，不过略谢一语，并不介意，仍是吃酒谈笑。&lt;br /&gt;
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Hidden Truth immediately ordered the child to go in and quickly seal fifty liang silver and two sets of winter clothes. And he also said, &amp;quot;the 19th of March is the time of the zodiac, and you can buy a boat to the west. Isn't it a great pleasure to wait for triumph of the war[1] and meet again the next winter?&amp;quot; Rainvillage Merchant received the silver and clothes, but he thanked Hidden Truth a little. He didn't mind and was still drinking wine, talking and laughing.&lt;br /&gt;
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[1]The war between Li Zicheng and the emperor Chongzhen. On March 19 of the lunar calendar in 1644, Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty hanged himself. Then, Li Zicheng entered Beijing to overthrow the Ming Dynasty.--[[User:Yang Kun|Yang Kun]] ([[User talk:Yang Kun|talk]]) 03:23, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Shiyin immediately ordered the child in and seal fifty liang silver and two suits of winter clothes quickly. Then he said, &amp;quot;the 19th of March is favorable time, and you can buy a boat to the west. Isn't it a great pleasure to wait for triumph of the war[1] and meet again the next winter?&amp;quot; Yucun received the silver and clothes, but he thanked Shiyin a little. He didn't mind and was still drinking wine, talking and laughing.&lt;br /&gt;
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[1]The war between Li Zicheng and the emperor Chongzhen. On March 19 of the lunar calendar in 1644, Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty hanged himself. Then, Li Zicheng entered Beijing to overthrow the Ming Dynasty.--[[User:Yang Liuqing|Yang Liuqing]] ([[User talk:Yang Liuqing|talk]]) 12:15, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨柳青 Yáng Liǔqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081543==&lt;br /&gt;
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那天已交三鼓，二人方散。士隐送雨村去后，回房一觉，直至红日三竿方醒。因思昨夜之事，意欲写荐书两封与雨村，带至都中去，使雨村投谒个仕宦之家，为寄身之地。&lt;br /&gt;
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Jia Yunchun and Zhen Shiyin drank until midnight and then dispersed. Zhen Shiyin sent Jia Yuchun bedchamber and went back his room to sleep. He didn't wake up until the late morning. Considering Zhen Shiyin's bad conditions, Zhen Shiyin intended to write two recommendation letters for Jia Yuchun, so Jia Yuchun could take and deliver it to a family of dignities in Qi Zhou city to find a place to stay.--[[User:Yang Liuqing|Yang Liuqing]] ([[User talk:Yang Liuqing|talk]]) 06:10, 25 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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These two friends drank until midnight and then left. Zhen Shiyin sent Jia Yuchun back to his bedchamber and headed back to sleep. He didn't wake up until the noon time. Zhen Shiyin intended to write two recommendation letters for Jia Yuchun considering his bad condition, so Jia Yuchun could take and deliver it to some family of dignities in Qi Zhou city to find a fine place to settle.--[[User:Ye Weijie|Ye Weijie]] ([[User talk:Ye Weijie|talk]]) 05:11, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==叶维杰 Yè Wéijié 国别 男 202120081544==&lt;br /&gt;
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因使人过去请时，那家人回来说：“和尚说：贾爷今日五鼓已进京去了，也曾留下话与和尚转达老爷，说：‘读书人不在黄道黑道，总以事理为要，不及面辞了。’”士隐听了，也只得罢了。真是闲处光阴易过，倏忽又是元宵佳节。&lt;br /&gt;
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The family came back and said, “The monk said: The Five Drums of Master Jia has entered Beijing today, and he also left a message with the monk to convey to the master, saying:'The scholar is not in the zodiacal and underworld, and he always takes affair as the priority. , It's too late to resign.'&amp;quot; Shiyin listened and had no choice but to leave. It's really easy to spend leisure time, and suddenly it is the Lantern Festival.--[[User:Ye Weijie|Ye Weijie]] ([[User talk:Ye Weijie|talk]]) 13:21, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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When the family came back, they said, &amp;quot;The monk said that Master Merchant had gone to the capital between three and five o'clock today, and had left a message for the monk to convey to you, saying, 'No matter what the background of a scholar is, it is always important to take care of things, so it is too late to say goodbye.'&amp;quot; When Hidden Truth heard this, he had no choice but to do nothing. It was easy to spend time at leisure, and suddenly it was the Lantern Festival again.--[[User:Yi Yangfan|Yi Yangfan]] ([[User talk:Yi Yangfan|talk]]) 13:36, 28 November 2021 (UTC)Yi Yangfan&lt;br /&gt;
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==易扬帆 Yì Yángfān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081545==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐令家人霍启抱了英莲，去看社火花灯。半夜中霍启因要小解，便将英莲放在一家门槛上坐着。待他小解完了来抱时，那有英莲的踪影。&lt;br /&gt;
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Zhen Shiyin asked his family member Huo Qi to carry Yinglian and go to see the lanterns. In the middle of the night, Huo Qi had to take a piss, so he left Yinglian sitting on the threshold of a door. When he came to carry her after taking a piss, there was no sign of Yinglian.&lt;br /&gt;
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Hidden Truth asked his family member trouble beginner to carry  Pity Zhen and go to see the lanterns. In the middle of the night, trouble beginner left Pity Zhen alone sitting on the threshold of a door because of the urgency of urinating. When he came back, Pity Zhen disappeared.--[[User:Yin Huizhen|Yin Huizhen]] ([[User talk:Yin Huizhen|talk]]) 09:11, 27 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷慧珍 Yīn Huìzhēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081546==&lt;br /&gt;
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急的霍启直寻了半夜，至天明不见。那霍启也不敢回来见主人，便逃往他乡去了。那士隐夫妇见女儿一夜不归，便知有些不好。再使几人去找寻，回来皆云影响全无。&lt;br /&gt;
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Huo Qi was so anxious that he looked for her all night and did not find her by dawn. So he did not dare to return to meet the host and he fled to his hometown. Mr. and Mrs. Shi Yin felt something is about to go wrong when they found their daughter didn't go home all night.  They sent more people to look for her, but when they came back they said they didn't have any trace of her.--[[User:Yin Huizhen|Yin Huizhen]] ([[User talk:Yin Huizhen|talk]]) 14:22, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Being so anxious, Huo Qi looked for her all night but in vain till dawn. Dare not to return to his master, he fled to another place. Mr. and Mrs. Shi Yin felt something wrong when their daughter didn't go home all night. More people were sent to look for her, but only to find no trace of her.--[[User:Yin Meida|Yin Meida]] ([[User talk:Yin Meida|talk]]) 14:11, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷美达 Yīn Měidá 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081547==&lt;br /&gt;
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夫妻二人半世只生此女，一旦失去，何等烦恼，因此昼夜啼哭，几乎不顾性命。看看一月，士隐已先得病，夫人封氏也因思女搆疾，日日请医问卦。不想这日三月十五，葫芦庙中炸供，那和尚不小心，油锅火逸，便烧着窗纸。&lt;br /&gt;
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The couple, having spent half of their lifetime, couldn't bear the thought of losing their only child. They wept day and night, almost risking their lives. In January, Shi Yin was already sick, and his wife Feng shi also fell ill for missing her daughter excessively and had to see doctors and fortunetellers everyday. Unfortunately, on March 15, when frying tributes in the calabash Temple, the careless monk let the fire escape from the oil boiler, which set the window paper on fire.--[[User:Yin Meida|Yin Meida]] ([[User talk:Yin Meida|talk]]) 14:57, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The couple, having spent half of their lifetime, couldn't bear the annoyance of losing their only daughter. They wept all days and nights, almost risking their lives. In January, Hidden Truth was already sick, and his wife Feng also got ill for missing her daughter excessively and had to call the doctors and fortunetellers everyday. Unfortunately, on March 15, when frying tributes in the calabash Temple, the careless monk let the fire escape from the oil boiler, which set the window paper on fire.--[[User:Yin Yuan|Yin Yuan]] ([[User talk:Yin Yuan|talk]]) 12:11, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==尹媛 Yǐn Yuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081548==&lt;br /&gt;
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此方人家俱用竹篱木壁，也是劫数应当如此，于是接二连三，牵五挂四，将一条街烧得如火焰山一般。彼时虽有军民来救，那火已成了势了，如何救得下，直烧了一夜方熄，也不知烧了多少人家。只可怜甄家在隔壁，早成了一堆瓦砾场了，只有他夫妇并几个家人的性命不曾伤了，急的士隐惟跌足长叹而已。&lt;br /&gt;
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This family deserves this fate for using bamboos and wood as hedge. One by one, the whole street burnt like the Mountain of Flames. At that time, though the army and people came for rescue, the fire had already been too large to put out. It didn't burn until the morning. It cannot be estimated that how many houses had been destroyed. Poor Hiden Truth's house next door had turned into a pile of rubble, only the couple and the families unhurt, which made Hidden Truth anxious and sigh deeply.--[[User:Yin Yuan|Yin Yuan]] ([[User talk:Yin Yuan|talk]]) 14:44, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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This family deserved this fate for using bamboos and wood as hedge. One house by one house, the whole street burnt like the Mountain of Flames. At that time, though the army and people came for rescue, the fire had already been too large to put out. It didn't burn until the morning. It cannot be estimated that how many houses had been destroyed. The fire had turned Poor Zhen's house next door into a pile of rubble, only the couple and several families unhurt, which made Zhen Shiyin anxious and sigh deeply.--[[User:Zhan Ruoxuan|Zhan Ruoxuan]] ([[User talk:Zhan Ruoxuan|talk]]) 10:47, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==詹若萱 Zhān Ruòxuān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081549==&lt;br /&gt;
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与妻子商议，且到田庄上去住。偏值近年水旱不收，贼盗蜂起，官兵剿捕，田庄上又难以安身。只得将田地都折变了，携了妻子与两个丫鬟，投他岳丈家去。&lt;br /&gt;
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He discussed with his wife, and went to live on the farm. However, in recent years, harvests have been ruined by flood and drought, and thieves and robbers have been rising. It was difficult to settle down on the farm. He had to sell his lands at a discount and took his wife and two maids to seek his father-in-law's help.--[[User:Zhan Ruoxuan|Zhan Ruoxuan]] ([[User talk:Zhan Ruoxuan|talk]]) 10:42, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
Take counsel with his wife, and come to live at the Grange. Partial value in recent years flood and drought do not harvest, thieves bee, officers and soldiers suppression, the grange and difficult to live. He had to change the land and went to his husband's house with his wife and two maids.--[[User:Zhang Qiuyi|Zhang Qiuyi]] ([[User talk:Zhang Qiuyi|talk]]) 12:22, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张秋怡 Zhāng Qiūyí 亚非语言文学 女 202120081550==&lt;br /&gt;
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他岳丈名唤封肃，本贯大如州人氏，虽是务农，家中却还殷实。今见女婿这等狼狈而来，心中便有些不乐。幸而士隐还有折变田产的银子在身边，拿出来托他随便置买些房地，以为后日衣食之计。&lt;br /&gt;
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His father-in-law's name was Feng Su. His native place was  Such State. Although he was a farmer, his family was well off. Now, seeing her son-in-law come in such a discomfiture, I felt unhappy. Fortunately, there are hidden converted field of silver in the side, took out to entrust him to buy some premises, that the day after the means of food and clothing.--[[User:Zhang Qiuyi|Zhang Qiuyi]] ([[User talk:Zhang Qiuyi|talk]]) 10:19, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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His father-in-law's name was Feng Su, who was originally from Daru State. Although he was a farmer, his family was well off. Now, seeing his son-in-law come in such a discomfiture, he felt unpleasant inside. Fortunately, there are hidden silver of converted field by his side, so he took it out to entrust him to purchase some premises for buying food and clothing in the future.--[[User:Zhang Yang|Zhang Yang]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yang|talk]]) 11:40, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张扬 Zhāng Yáng 国别 男 202120081551==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
那封肃便半用半赚的，略与他些薄田破屋。士隐乃读书之人，不惯生理稼穑等事，勉强支持了一二年，越发穷了。封肃见面时，便说些现成话儿；且人前人后，又怨他不会过，只一味好吃懒做。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Feng Su made money while using some of it, and provided small fields and a shabby house with him. Shi Yin was a scholar and was not used to farming and other handworks. He reluctantly struggled for a year or two and became poorer and poorer. When Feng Su met him, he said something ready-made. But behind Shiyin's back, he complained that he couldn't live his life well by just being lazy.--[[User:Zhang Yang|Zhang Yang]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yang|talk]]) 11:34, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Feng Su made money while using some of it, and provided small fields and a shabby house with him. Hidden Truth was a scholar and was not used to farming and other handworks. He reluctantly struggled for a year or two and became poorer and poorer. When Feng Su met him, he said something ready-made. But behind Shiyin's back, he complained that he couldn't live his life well by just being lazy.--[[User:Zhang Yiran|Zhang Yiran]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yiran|talk]]) 12:15, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==张怡然 Zhāng Yírán 俄语语言文学 女 202120081552==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
士隐知道了，心中未免悔恨；再兼上年惊唬，急忿怨痛：暮年之人，那禁得贫病交攻，竟渐渐的露出那下世的光景来。可巧这日拄了拐，扎挣到街前散散心时，忽见那边来了一个跛足道人，疯狂落拓，麻鞋鹑衣，口内念着几句言词道：&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When Hidden Truth found out about this, he felt remorse in his heart; he was also frightened of the previous year, and he felt angry and resentful: a man in his twilight years, who could not help being attacked by poverty and illness, was gradually revealing the scene of his next life. It happened that when he was on crutches, he went to the street for a walk, and suddenly he saw a crippled Taoist, crazy and untidy, with sackcloth shoes and quails, reciting a few words under his breath.--[[User:Zhang Yiran|Zhang Yiran]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yiran|talk]]) 02:26, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When Hidden Truth found out this, he felt remorse in his heart; he was also frightened of the previous year, angry and resentful: a man in his twilight， who could not be able to be attacked by poverty and illness, was gradually revealing the scene of his next life. It happened that when he was on crutches, he went to the street for a walk, and suddenly he saw a crippled Taoist, crazy and untidy, with ragged shoes and clothes，reciting a few words under his breath.--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 07:00, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==钟义菲 Zhōng Yìfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081553==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
世人都晓神仙好，惟有功名忘不了。古今将相在何方？荒冢一堆草没了。世人都晓神仙好，只有金银忘不了。终朝只恨聚无多，及到多时眼闭了。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The common people know that immortals are good, but they can't forget their achievements and fame. Where are the generals and prime ministers from ancient times to the present？What we can see are just deserted graves full of grass. The common people  know that immortals are good, but they can‘t forget gold and silver. Till the end of life，they would regret their inability to create as much wealth as possible when they are alive and regret they are going to the heaven after they have accumulated plenty of wealth.--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 02:42, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All the common people know that immortals are good, but they can't forget their achievements and ambitions. Where are the great ones of old？They are just deserted graves full of grass. All the common people know that immortals are good, but they can‘t forget gold and silver. They grub for money all their lives until death seals up their eyes.--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 07:24, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==钟雨露 Zhōng Yǔlù 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081554==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
世人都晓神仙好，只有姣妻忘不了。君生日日说恩情，君死又随人去了。世人都晓神仙好，只有儿孙忘不了。痴心父母古来多，孝顺子孙谁见了？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All men want to be immortals, but dote on the wives they’ve married. Those who swear to love their husband forever, but  remarry as soon as he’s dead. All men want to be immortals, but dote on the sons they’ve gotten. Although infatuated parents are numerous, who ever saw really filial sons or daughters?--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 02:05, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Everyone in the world knows that the gods are good, but only the pretty wife can't forget. You swear to remember your husband’s  kindness, but when your husband die, you go away with others. Everyone knows that the gods are good, but only the children and grandchildren cannot be forgotten. There are many loving parents in the past, but who has seen the filial children?--[[User:Zhou Jiu|Zhou Jiu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Jiu|talk]]) 09:04, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==周玖 Zhōu Jiǔ 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081555==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
士隐听了，便迎上来道：“你满口说些什么？只听见些‘好’、‘了’，‘好’、‘了’。”那道人笑道：“你若果听见‘好’、‘了’二字，还算你明白。可知世上万般，好便是了，了便是好：若不了，便不好；若要好，须是了。我这歌儿便叫《好了歌》。&lt;br /&gt;
When the hermit heard it, he came up and said, &amp;quot;What are you talking about ?&amp;quot; I just hear 'Hao’ (means good), 'Liao' (means end) 'Hao’, ‘Liao'. The man laughed, &amp;quot;If you hear the words 'Hao' and 'Liao', you understand it. In this world, good is end, and the end is good. If there is no end, there is no good, and vice versa. My song is called ‘The Song of ‘Hao’ and ‘ Liao’. ”--[[User:Zhou Jiu|Zhou Jiu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Jiu|talk]]) 08:54, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hidden Truth came over after heard this and said: “ What are you talking about? I just hear the words ‘good’ and ‘end’.” That man laughed, “ You heard the words ‘good’ and ‘end’, that means you got a few things going for you. In this world, good is end, and end is good. If there is no end, there is no good, and vice versa. My song is called ''All Dood Things Must End''.”--[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 12:19, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==周俊辉 Zhōu Jùnhuī 法语语言文学 女 202120081556==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
士隐本是有夙慧的，一闻此言，心中早已悟彻，因笑道：“且住，待我将你这《好了歌》注解出来何如？”道人笑道：“你就请解。”士隐乃说道：陋室空堂，当年笏满床。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So intelligent, Hidden Truth understood the essence of the song entirely in his head as soon as he heard it, and said: “ Wait a minute. How about I explain your song ''All Good Things Must End'' ？” The Taoist priest said, laughing : “ Would you please explain.” Hidden Truth then explain: “ The empty and dilapidated rattraps we see today, were the grand mansions full of beds and boards used by dignitaries at that time.”--[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 08:01, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So intelligent as Hidden Truth is, he  understood the essence of the song entirely in his head as soon as once hearing it, and said: “ Wait a minute. How about I explain your song ''All Good Things Must End'' ？” The Taoist priest said, laughing : “ Would you please explain.” Hidden Truth then explain: “ The empty and dilapidated rattraps we see today, were the grand mansions full of boards used by  courtiers at that time.”--[[User:Zhou Qiao1|Zhou Qiao1]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qiao1|talk]]) 13:23, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==周巧 Zhōu Qiǎo 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081557==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
衰草枯杨，曾为歌舞场。蛛丝儿结满雕梁，绿纱今又在蓬窗上。说甚么脂正浓，粉正香，如何两鬓又成霜？&lt;br /&gt;
Humble hovels and abandoned halls where courtiers once paid daily calls；Bleak places where weeds and trees scarcely thrive&lt;br /&gt;
were once with a show of peace and prosperity．When cobwebs cover the mansion’s gilded beams，and collage casement with choice muslin gleams．Would you of perfumed elegance recite? Even as you speak, the raven locks turn white．--[[User:Zhou Qiao1|Zhou Qiao1]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qiao1|talk]]) 13:06, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Withered grass and withered poplar, This used to be a place where people sang and danced. The spider silk is full of carved beams, but the green gauze is on the simple window. The fat is thick and the powder is fragrant, how the temples become the color of frost?--[[User:Zhou Qing|Zhou Qing]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qing|talk]]) 15:20, 25 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==周清 Zhōu Qīng 法语语言文学 女 202120081558==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
昨日黄土陇头埋白骨，今宵红绡帐底卧鸳鸯。金满箱，银满箱，转眼乞丐人皆谤。正叹他人命不长，那知自己归来丧。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yesterday the bones were buried in the loess, and the mandarin ducks(allusions to couples) lie under the red silk tent tonight. Boxes full of gold, boxes full of silver, everyone yelled and insulted beggars in a blink of an eye. I'm sighing that the lives of others are not long, and I know I'm back to be mourned.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yesterday the bones were buried in the loess, then tonight it is the time for a newly married couple to sleep behind bed curtains with burning red candle lights.Boxes full of gold, boxes full of silver, everyone yelled and insulted beggars in a blink of an eye. I'm sighed that the lives of others are not long, but failed to predict my own future after return from the funeral.--[[User:Zhou Xiaoxue|Zhou Xiaoxue]] ([[User talk:Zhou Xiaoxue|talk]]) 11:36, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==周小雪 Zhōu Xiǎoxuě 日语语言文学 女 202120081559==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
训有方，保不定日后作强梁；择膏粱，谁承望流落在烟花巷。因嫌纱帽小，致使锁枷扛；昨怜破袄寒，今嫌紫蟒长。乱烘烘，你方唱罢我登场，反认他乡是故乡。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Though she was well educated according to her parent's plan, one can become a bandit later. She tried her best to marry into a rich family. However, she ended up in a (red-light)? district beyond everyone's expectation. People who are not satisfied with their positions have to spend the rest of their life in a prison in chains. People who used to be very poor and used worn coats to resist the cold were not satisfied with fancy clothes after they became rich. I come on the stage as soon as you have finished your singing in a chaotic manner. Taking other's hometown as my own. --[[User:Zhou Xiaoxue|Zhou Xiaoxue]] ([[User talk:Zhou Xiaoxue|talk]]) 11:42, 22 November 2021 (UTC)--[[User:Mahzad Heydarian|Mahzad Heydarian]] ([[User talk:Mahzad Heydarian|talk]]) 16:56, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If properly educated under parents' guidance, one can probabaly become a bandit later. Although trying her best to marry a rich man, she ends up with a driftage in the red-light district beyond everyone's expectation. People's unsatisfication with their positions leads to their miserable life in prison with chains on their bodies. People who used to be very poor and used worn coats to resist the cold were not satisfied with gorgeous clothes any more when they became rich. In noisy disorder, you just finished and I come on the scene.Instead, taking other's hometown as my own.--[[User:Zhu Suzhen|Zhu Suzhen]] ([[User talk:Zhu Suzhen|talk]]) 15:17, 25 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==朱素珍 Zhū Sùzhēn 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081561==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
甚荒唐，到头来，都是为他人作嫁衣裳。那疯跛道人听了，拍掌大笑道：“解得切，解得切！”士隐便说一声：“走罢。”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It's so ridiculous. In the end, they made wedding clothes for others. Hearing this, the crazy lame Taoist clapped his hands and laughed, saying &amp;quot;All right, all right !&amp;quot; Then Shiyin said, &amp;quot;let's go.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It's ridiculous. In the end, they make wedding clothes for others. The crazy lame Taoist listened, clapped his hands and laughed and said, &amp;quot;it's right, it's right!&amp;quot; Shiyin said, &amp;quot;let's go.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zou Yueli|Zou Yueli]] ([[User talk:Zou Yueli|talk]]) 11:43, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Headline text ==&lt;br /&gt;
==邹岳丽 Zōu Yuèlí 日语语言文学 女 202120081562==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
将道人肩上的搭裢抢过来背上，竟不回家，同着疯道人飘飘而去。当下哄动街坊，众人当作一件新闻传说。封氏闻知此信，哭个死去活来。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He grabbed the lap on the Taoist's shoulder and carried it on his back. He didn't go home and floated away with the crazy Taoist. At that moment, the neighborhood was stirred up and everyone regarded it as a news legend. When Feng heard this letter, he cried to death.--[[User:Zou Yueli|Zou Yueli]] ([[User talk:Zou Yueli|talk]]) 11:34, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Nadia 202011080004==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
只得与父亲商议，遣人各处访寻，那讨音信。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Mahzad Heydarian 玛莎 202021080004==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
无奈何，只得依靠着他父母度日。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He was so helpless that he had to rely on his parents to survive.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Mariam toure 2020GBJ002301==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
幸而身边还有两个旧日的丫鬟伏侍，主仆三人，日夜作些针线，帮着父亲用度。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Rouabah Soumaya 202121080001==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
那封肃虽然每日抱怨，也无可奈何了。&lt;br /&gt;
Although Feng Su complained every day, he was helpless&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Muhammad Numan 202121080002==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
这日那甄家的大丫鬟在门前买线，忽听得街上喝道之声。&lt;br /&gt;
The other day, the eldest maid of the Chen family was buying thread at the door when she heard a shout from the street.--[[User:Atta Ur Rahman|Atta Ur Rahman]] ([[User talk:Atta Ur Rahman|talk]]) 14:50, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Atta Ur Rahman 202121080003==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
众人都说：“新太爷到任了。”&lt;br /&gt;
Everyone said: &amp;quot;The new grandfather has arrived&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Muhammad Saqib Mehran 202121080004==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
丫鬟隐在门内看时，只见军牢、快手一对一对过去，俄而大轿内抬着一个乌帽猩袍的官府来了。&lt;br /&gt;
When the maid concealed in the door, she saw the military jail and quick hands passing one by one, and the official mansion carrying a black hat and ape robe came in the big sedan chair.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Zohaib Chand 202121080005==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
那丫鬟倒发了个怔，自思：“这官儿好面善，倒像在那里见过的。”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;Insert non-formatted text here&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The maid was startled, and thought to herself: &amp;quot;This official is so good-natured, but it looks like someone I've seen there.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Jawad Ahmad 202121080006==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
于是进入房中，也就丢过，不在心上。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Then she went into the room and laid the matter aside ，without taking it to heart.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Nizam Uddin 202121080007==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
至晚间正待歇息之时，忽听一片声打的门响，许多人乱嚷，说：“本县太爷的差人来传人问话！”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
English:&lt;br /&gt;
When I was about to rest in the evening, I heard a bang on the door suddenly, and many people shouted in disorder, saying, &amp;quot;The county's grandfather's messenger is here for questioning!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Öncü 202121080008==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
封肃听了，唬得目瞪口呆。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fengsu hear it,he gaped in consternation --[[User:AkiraJantarat|AkiraJantarat]] ([[User talk:AkiraJantarat|talk]]) 13:28, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Akira Jantarat 202121080009==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
不知有何祸事，且听下回分解。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Don't know something calamity happened, will describe in the ensuing chapter.--[[User:AkiraJantarat|AkiraJantarat]] ([[User talk:AkiraJantarat|talk]]) 06:36, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If you don't know what calamity took place, listen to the break down given in the next chapter.--[[User:Benjamin Wellsand|Benjamin Wellsand]] ([[User talk:Benjamin Wellsand|talk]]) 12:54, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Benjamin Wellsand 202111080118==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
通灵──“通灵宝玉”的简称。Psychic--short for ''Psychic Treasure.--[[User:Benjamin Wellsand|Benjamin Wellsand]] ([[User talk:Benjamin Wellsand|talk]]) 12:48, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Psychic -- the abbreviation for &amp;quot;Psychic Treasure&amp;quot;. --[[User:Asep Budiman|Asep Budiman]] ([[User talk:Asep Budiman|talk]]) 03:35, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Asep Budiman 202111080020==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
亦即下文所说女娲炼石补天所剩的那块“顽石”，因其历经锻炼而“灵性已通”，并能幻化为贾宝玉，故称。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
That is to say, the &amp;quot;stubborn stone&amp;quot; left by Nüwa's refining stone to replenish the sky. As it has undergone training, it has &amp;quot;spiritual achievement&amp;quot; and can be transformed into Jia Baoyu, so it is called. --[[User:Asep Budiman|Asep Budiman]] ([[User talk:Asep Budiman|talk]]) 03:48, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
That is to say, the &amp;quot;stubborn stone&amp;quot; left by Nüwa's refining stone to replenish the sky, because it has undergone training, has &amp;quot;spiritually achieved&amp;quot; and can be transformed into Jia Baoyu, so it is called.--[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 06:10, 24 November 2021 (UTC)Ei Mon Kyaw&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Ei Mon Kyaw 202111080021==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
《石头记》──此书的本名。&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Story of the Stone&amp;quot; - the original name of the book. --[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 06:26, 24 November 2021 (UTC)Ei Mon Kyaw&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211222_homework&amp;diff=134343</id>
		<title>20211222 homework</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211222_homework&amp;diff=134343"/>
		<updated>2021-12-26T11:34:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Quicklinks: [[Introduction_to_Translation_Studies_2021|Back to course homepage]] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal#Frequently_asked_questions_FAQ FAQ]  [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal Manual] [[20210926_homework|Back to all homework webpages overview]] [[20220112_final_exam|final exam page]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
PLEASE READ [[Joint_translation_terms|Joint translation terms]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
PLEASE ALSO READ THE PREVIOUS PARTS, AT LEAST THE SENTENCES BEFORE YOUR OWN PART IN CHAPTER 19 [[20210303_culture|1, Mar 3 Chapters 1-4]], [[20210310_culture|2, Mar 10 Chapters 6-7]], [[20210317_culture|3, Mar 17 Chapters 11-13]], [[20210324_culture|4, Mar 24 Chapters 15-17]], [[20210331_culture|5, Mar 31 Chapters 4-7]], [[20210407_culture|6, Apr 7 Chapters 8-10]], [[20210414_culture|7, Apr 14 Chapters 13-15]] , [[20210519_culture|12, May 19 Chapters 17-19]], [[20210929_homework#Hongloumeng|for Sep 29 - rest of HLM Chapter 19]] [[20211013_homework|for Oct 13 - HLM Chapters 20-21]] [[20211020_homework|for Oct 20 - HLM Chapters 21-22]] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈静 Chén Jìng 国别 女 202020080595==&lt;br /&gt;
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闲静似娇花照水，行动如弱柳扶风。心较比干多一窍，病如西子胜三分。宝玉看罢，笑道：“这个妹妹我曾见过的。”&lt;br /&gt;
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She, who is demure as delicate flowers and act like weak willow, is more clever than Bigan(the most clever man in the Legend of Deification) and more beautiful than Xishi(the most beautiful woman in acient China). Precious Jade simled, “I have seen her.”--[[User:Chen Jing|Chen Jing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jing|talk]]) 11:26, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Leisure is like a delicate flower shining on the water, and action is like a weak willow supporting the wind. The heart has more than one orifices than the stem, and like a disease wins Xizi. Baoyu said with a smile, &amp;quot;I've seen this sister.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 11:18, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==蔡珠凤 Cài Zhūfèng 日语语言文学 女 202120081477==&lt;br /&gt;
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贾母笑道：“又胡说了，你何曾见过？”宝玉笑道：“虽没见过，却看着面善，心里倒像是远别重逢的一般。”贾母笑道：“好，好！这么更相和睦了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Grandma Merchant smiled and said, &amp;quot;nonsense again. Have you ever seen her?&amp;quot; Baoyu said with a smile, &amp;quot;although I haven't seen her, I look good and feel like I'm far from meeting again.&amp;quot; Grandma Merchant said with a smile, &amp;quot;OK, OK! It's more harmonious.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 11:22, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Dowager Jia smiled and said, &amp;quot;nonsense again. Have you ever seen it?&amp;quot; Baoyu said with a smile, &amp;quot;although I haven't seen it, I look good and feel like I'm far from meeting again.&amp;quot; Dowager Jia  said with a smile, &amp;quot;OK, OK! It's more harmonious.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zeng Junlin|Zeng Junlin]] ([[User talk:Zeng Junlin|talk]]) 13:18, 21 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Grandma Merchant smiled and said, &amp;quot;Nonsense again. Have you ever seen it?&amp;quot; Precious Jade said with a smile, &amp;quot;Although I haven't seen it, I look good and feel like I'm far from meeting again.&amp;quot; Grandma Merchant said with a smile, &amp;quot;OK, OK! It's more harmonious.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zeng Junlin|Zeng Junlin]] ([[User talk:Zeng Junlin|talk]]) 13:18, 21 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==曾俊霖 Zēng Jùnlín 国别 男 202120081478==&lt;br /&gt;
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宝玉便走向黛玉身边坐下，又细细打量一番，因问：“妹妹可曾读书？”黛玉道：“不曾读书，只上了一年学，些须认得几个字。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Baoyu went to Daiyu and sat down. She looked at her carefully, because she asked, &amp;quot;has your sister ever read?&amp;quot; Daiyu said, &amp;quot;I didn't study. I only studied for a year. I have to recognize a few words.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zeng Junlin|Zeng Junlin]] ([[User talk:Zeng Junlin|talk]]) 13:12, 21 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈惠妮 Chén Huìnī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081479==&lt;br /&gt;
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宝玉又道：“妹妹尊名？”黛玉便说了名。宝玉又道：“表字？”黛玉道：“无字。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈湘琼 Chén Xiāngqióng 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081480==&lt;br /&gt;
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宝玉笑道：“我送妹妹一字：莫若‘颦颦’二字极妙。”探春便道：“何处出典？”宝玉道：“《古今人物通考》上说：&lt;br /&gt;
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Baoyu smiled and said:&amp;quot; I want to describe you with two words—Ping Ping, and no words are better than them.&amp;quot; Tanchun then asked:&amp;quot;In which book did you find them?&amp;quot; Baoyu said:&amp;quot; On ''General Study of Ancient and Modern Characters''&amp;quot;--[[User:Chen Xiangqiong|Chen Xiangqiong]] ([[User talk:Chen Xiangqiong|talk]]) 01:04, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Precious Jade smiled and said:&amp;quot; I want to give away two words to you—Pingping, and no words are better than them.&amp;quot; Tanchun then asked:&amp;quot;In which book did you find them?&amp;quot; Jade said:&amp;quot;''On General Study of Ancient and Modern Characters''.&amp;quot;--[[User:Chen Xinyi|Chen Xinyi]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi|talk]]) 06:37, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈心怡 Chén Xīnyí 翻译学 女 202120081481==&lt;br /&gt;
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‘西方有石名黛，可代画眉之墨。’况这妹妹眉尖若蹙，取这个字，岂不甚美？”探春笑道：“只怕又是杜撰。”&lt;br /&gt;
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'There is a stone in the west named Dai, it can replace the ink of painting eyebrows.' The sister's eyebrows are frown, if take this word for name, isn’t it very beautiful?&amp;quot; Tanchun laughed: &amp;quot;I'm afraid it's a fabrication again.&amp;quot;--[[User:Chen Xinyi|Chen Xinyi]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi|talk]]) 06:29, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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‘There is a stone in the west named Dai, it can replace the ink of drawing eyebrows.' Besides, her eyebrows are frown, if take this word for name, isn’t it very beautiful?&amp;quot; Tanchun laughed: &amp;quot;I'm afraid it's a fabrication again.&amp;quot;--[[User:Cheng Yang|Cheng Yang]] ([[User talk:Cheng Yang|talk]]) 11:33, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==程杨 Chéng Yáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081482==&lt;br /&gt;
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宝玉笑道：“除了《四书》，杜撰的也太多呢。”因又问黛玉：“可有玉没有？”众人都不解。&lt;br /&gt;
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==丁旋 Dīng Xuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081483==&lt;br /&gt;
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黛玉便忖度着：“因他有玉，所以才问我的。”便答道：“我没有玉。你那玉也是件稀罕物儿，岂能人人皆有？”&lt;br /&gt;
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Mascara Jade Forest contemplated, “He asked me because he has a jade.” So she answered, “I have no jade. Your jade is a rarity. How could everyone have it?”--[[User:Ding Xuan|Ding Xuan]] ([[User talk:Ding Xuan|talk]]) 13:45, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Mascara Jade Forest presumed, “He asked me because he has a jade.” So she answered, “I have no jade. Your jade is a rarity. How could everyone have it?”--[[User:Du Lina|Du Lina]] ([[User talk:Du Lina|talk]]) 08:25, 23 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杜莉娜 Dù Lìnuó 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081484==&lt;br /&gt;
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宝玉听了，登时发作起狂病来，摘下那玉就狠命摔去，骂道：“什么罕物！人的高下不识，还说灵不灵呢！我也不要这劳什子！”&lt;br /&gt;
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After hearing that,Precious Jade Merchant suddenly went mad. And he took off and dropped the jade with cursing that “What the hell is a rare thing! You all say that it is divine, but it can't tell lowliness or nobleness.I won't have the waste now!” --[[User:Du Lina|Du Lina]] ([[User talk:Du Lina|talk]]) 12:29, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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After hearing that,Precious Jade Merchant suddenly went mad. And he took off and dropped the jade with cursing that “What the hell is a rare thing! You all say that it is divine, but nobody could tell lowliness or nobleness.I won't have the waste now!” --[[User:Fu Hongyan|Fu Hongyan]] ([[User talk:Fu Hongyan|talk]]) 11:18, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Fu Hongyan|Fu Hongyan]] ([[User talk:Fu Hongyan|talk]]) 11:19, 26 December 2021 (UTC)==付红岩 Fù Hóngyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081485==&lt;br /&gt;
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吓的地下众人一拥争去拾玉。贾母急的搂了宝玉道：“孽障，你生气，要打骂人容易，何苦摔那命根子？”宝玉满面泪痕，哭道：“家里姐姐妹妹都没有，单我有，我说没趣儿；&lt;br /&gt;
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The aside servants were scared and then rushed to pick up the jade.Jia's mother anxiously hugged Baoyu and said:&amp;quot; poor kid, if you are angry, why do you bother to fall the jade rahtere to beat and curse.&amp;quot;Covered with tears, Baoyu cried:&amp;quot; my beloved elder and litter sisters have no one. I'm ashamed of owning one.&amp;quot;--[[User:Fu Hongyan|Fu Hongyan]] ([[User talk:Fu Hongyan|talk]]) 11:19, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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All those, who stood below, were startled; and in a body they pressed forward, vying with each other as to who should pick up the gem.&lt;br /&gt;
Grandma Merchant was so distressed that she clasped Precious Jade in her embrace. &amp;quot;You child of wrath,&amp;quot; she exclaimed. &amp;quot;When you get into a passion, it's easy enough for you to beat and abuse people; but what makes you fling away that stem of life?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
Precious Jade’s face was covered with the traces of tears. &amp;quot;All my cousins here, senior as well as junior,&amp;quot; he rejoined, as he sobbed, &amp;quot;have no gem, and if it's only I to have one, there's no fun in it, I maintain! “.--[[User:Fu Shiyu|Fu Shiyu]] ([[User talk:Fu Shiyu|talk]]) 06:27, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==付诗雨 Fù Shīyǔ 日语语言文学 女 202120081486==&lt;br /&gt;
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如今来了这个神仙似的妹妹也没有：可知这不是个好东西。”贾母忙哄他道：“你这妹妹原有玉来着，因你姑妈去世时，舍不得你妹妹，无法可处，遂将他的玉带了去：&lt;br /&gt;
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And now comes this angelic sort of cousin, and she too has none, so that it's clear enough that it is no profitable thing.&amp;quot; Grandma Merchant hastened to coax him. &amp;quot;This cousin of yours,&amp;quot; she explained, &amp;quot;would, under former circumstances, have come here with a jade; and it's because your aunt felt unable, as she lay on her death-bed, to reconcile herself to the separation from your cousin, that in the absence of any remedy, she forthwith took the gem belonging to her (daughter), along with her (in the grave); --[[User:Fu Shiyu|Fu Shiyu]] ([[User talk:Fu Shiyu|talk]]) 12:24, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Now the newly arrived cousin who is as lovely as a fairy hasn't got one either, so it can't be any good.&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Your cousin did have one once,&amp;quot; said Dowager lady Chia to soothe him, &amp;quot;but when your aunt was dying she was unwilling to leave your cousin, the best she could do was to take the jade with her instead. --[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 04:49, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==高蜜 Gāo Mì 翻译学 女 202120081487==&lt;br /&gt;
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一则全殉葬之礼，尽你妹妹的孝心；二则你姑妈的阴灵儿也可权作见了你妹妹了。因此他说没有，也是不便自己夸张的意思啊。&lt;br /&gt;
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In that way, your cousin showed her filial piety by letting the jade be buried with her; in the meantime, your aunt’s spirit could see your cousin through the jade. Therefore, when your cousin said she hadn’t got one, it was because she didn’t want to boast about it. --[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 04:50, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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In that way, your cousin showed her filial piety by letting the jade be buried with her; in the meantime, your aunt’s spirit could see your cousin through the jade. Therefore, when your cousin said she hadn’t got one, it was because she didn't want to publicise it.--[[User:Gong Boya|Gong Boya]] ([[User talk:Gong Boya|talk]]) 07:00, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==宫博雅 Gōng Bóyǎ 俄语语言文学 女 202120081488==&lt;br /&gt;
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你还不好生带上，仔细你娘知道。”说着，便向丫鬟手中接来，亲与他带上。宝玉听如此说，想了一想，也就不生别论。&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;If you don't take it with you, be careful your mother knows&amp;quot; As she spoke, she took the jade from the servant girl and adorned him herself. When Precious Jade Merchant heard her say this, he thought for a while and said nothing else.--[[User:Gong Boya|Gong Boya]] ([[User talk:Gong Boya|talk]]) 06:56, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;You‘d better keep it  well in case your mother notices.” As she spoke, she took the jade from the maid and adorned him herself. When Precious Jade Merchant heard her saying this, he thought for a while and said nothing else. --[[User:He Qin|He Qin]] ([[User talk:He Qin|talk]]) 12:18, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;Insert non-formatted text here&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;==何芩 Hé Qín 翻译学 女 202120081489==&lt;br /&gt;
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当下奶娘来问黛玉房舍，贾母便说：“将宝玉挪出来，同我在套间暖阁里，把你林姑娘暂且安置在碧纱厨里。等过了残冬，春天再给他们收拾房屋，另作一番安置罢。”&lt;br /&gt;
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When the nanny came to ask where Mascara Jade should stay, Lady Dowager answered, “ Place Precious Jade in the warm house in my suit and settle your Miss Forest in the Green Voile House temporarily until the winter ends. In next spring, you’ll rearrange the room for them.”--[[User:He Qin|He Qin]] ([[User talk:He Qin|talk]]) 12:34, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Hardly when the nanny came to ask the room of Mascara Jade, Lady Dowager said, “ Place Precious Jade in the warm house with me and settle your Miss Lin  inside the room of the partition door  temporarily until the winter ends. In next spring, you’ll rearrange the room for them.”--[[User:Hu Shuqing|Hu Shuqing]] ([[User talk:Hu Shuqing|talk]]) 11:31, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==胡舒情 Hú Shūqíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081490==&lt;br /&gt;
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宝玉道：“好祖宗，我就在碧纱厨外的床上很妥当，又何必出来，闹的老祖宗不得安静呢？”贾母想一想说：“也罢了。&lt;br /&gt;
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Baoyu said:” Dear grandma, I would rather stay at the bed outside the partition door, than at your room to bother you.”  The Lady Dowager said thoughtfully:”That’s Ok.”--[[User:Hu Shuqing|Hu Shuqing]] ([[User talk:Hu Shuqing|talk]]) 05:38, 21 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Presious Jade said:&amp;quot;Dear mother, I would rather stay on the bed outside the partition door rather than at grandma's to bother her.&amp;quot; The Lady Dowager said thoughtfully:&amp;quot;That's OK.&amp;quot;--[[User:Huang Jinyun|Huang Jinyun]] ([[User talk:Huang Jinyun|talk]]) 09:06, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄锦云 Huáng Jǐnyún 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081491==&lt;br /&gt;
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每人一个奶娘并一个丫头照管，馀者在外间上夜听唤。”一面早有熙凤命人送了一顶藕合色花帐并锦被、缎褥之类。&lt;br /&gt;
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But let each one of you have a nurse, as well as a waiting-maid to attend on you; the other servants can remain in the outside rooms and keep night watch and be ready to answer any call.&amp;quot; At an early hour, besides, Hsi-feng had sent a servant round with a grey flowered curtain, embroidered coverlets and satin quilts and other such articles.--[[User:Huang Jinyun|Huang Jinyun]] ([[User talk:Huang Jinyun|talk]]) 14:25, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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But let each one of you have a nurse and a waiting-maid; the other servants can remain in the outside rooms and keep night watch and be ready to answer any call.&amp;quot; At an early hour, besides, Hsi-feng had sent a servant round with a grey flowered curtain, embroidered coverlets and satin quilts and other such articles.--[[User:Huang Yiyan1|Huang Yiyan1]] ([[User talk:Huang Yiyan1|talk]]) 14:22, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄逸妍 Huáng Yìyán 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081492==&lt;br /&gt;
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黛玉只带了两个人来：一个是自己的奶娘王嬷嬷；一个是十岁的小丫头，名唤雪雁。贾母见雪雁甚小，一团孩气；&lt;br /&gt;
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Daiyu had brought her old Wet-nurse Nanny Wang and ten-year-old Xueyan,who had also attended her since she was a child. The Lady Dowager considered Xueyan too young;--[[User:Huang Yiyan1|Huang Yiyan1]] ([[User talk:Huang Yiyan1|talk]]) 14:17, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Daiyu had brought her old Wet-nurse Nanny Wang and ten-year-old Xueyan,who had also attended her since she was a child. The Lady Dowager considered Xueyan too young;--[[User:Huang Zhuliang|Huang Zhuliang]] ([[User talk:Huang Zhuliang|talk]]) 01:41, 26 December 2021 (UTC)Huang Zhuliang&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄柱梁 Huáng Zhùliáng 国别 男 202120081493==&lt;br /&gt;
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王嬷嬷又极老：料黛玉皆不遂心，将自己身边一个二等小丫头，名唤鹦哥的与了黛玉。亦如迎春等一般：每人除自幼乳母外，另有四个教引嬷嬷；Mammy(Here mammy not means the lady who gives birth to a baby, but a lady who looks after some noble children) Wang is very old: she is not expectd to look after  Daiyu well. So,Daiyu's grandmother gave Daiyu to a second-class little page girl named Yingge. Daiyu's arrangement is also like Jia Yingchun who not only has the nursing mother, but also four teaching mothers.--[[User:Huang Zhuliang|Huang Zhuliang]] ([[User talk:Huang Zhuliang|talk]]) 14:02, 19 December 2021 (UTC)Huang Zhuliang&lt;br /&gt;
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Mammy(Here mammy not means the lady who gives birth to a baby, but a lady who looks after some noble children) Wang is very old: she is not expectd to look after  Daiyu well. So,Daiyu's grandmother gave Daiyu to a second-class little girl named Polly. Daiyu's arrangement is also like Jia Yingchun who not only has the nursing mother, but also four teaching mummys.--[[User:Jin Xiaotong|Jin Xiaotong]] ([[User talk:Jin Xiaotong|talk]]) 14:40, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==金晓童 Jīn Xiǎotóng  202120081494==&lt;br /&gt;
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除贴身掌管钗钏盥沐两个丫头外，另有四五个洒扫房屋、来往使役的小丫头。当下王嬷嬷与鹦哥陪侍黛玉在碧纱厨内，宝玉乳母李嬷嬷并大丫头名唤袭人的陪侍在外面大床上。&lt;br /&gt;
In addition to the two servants who are in charge of jewelry and toiletries, there are four or five little maids who sweep the house and do chores. At the moment King mammy and polly accompany daiyu in green gauze room, Baoyu’s mammy li and big maid  Xiren accompany on the big bed outside.--[[User:Jin Xiaotong|Jin Xiaotong]] ([[User talk:Jin Xiaotong|talk]]) 14:37, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邝艳丽 Kuàng Yànl 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081495==&lt;br /&gt;
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原来这袭人亦是贾母之婢，本名蕊珠，贾母因溺爱宝玉，恐宝玉之婢不中使，素喜蕊珠心地纯良，遂与宝玉。宝玉因知他本姓花，又曾见旧人诗句有“花气袭人”之句，遂回明贾母，即把蕊珠更名袭人。&lt;br /&gt;
This maid Xi Ren, whose real name is Rui Zhu, also belongs to Lady Dowager. Lady Dowager enjoyed Rui Zhu’s purity and kindness then assigned her to Baoyu, for Lady Dowager coddled him and worried that the maids of Baoyu not work well. Baoyu knew her last name was Hua, and saw once poetic sentence “the fragrance of flowers assails noses”, then he talked it with Lady Dowager, and then Rui Zhu was named Xi Ren.--[[User:Kuang Yanli|Kuang Yanli]] ([[User talk:Kuang Yanli|talk]]) 07:12, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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This maid Xi Ren, whose real name is Rui Zhu, also belongs to Lady Dowager. Lady Dowager enjoyed Rui Zhu’s purity and kindness, then assigned her to serve Jade, for Lady Dowager coddled him and worried that the maids of Jade not professional. Jade knew her last name was Flower, and saw once a poetic sentence “the fragrance of flowers assails noses”, then he talked it with Lady Dowager. And then Rui Zhu was named Xi Ren.--[[User:Li Aixuan|Li Aixuan]] ([[User talk:Li Aixuan|talk]]) 12:33, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李爱璇 Lǐ Àixuán 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081496==&lt;br /&gt;
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却说袭人倒有些痴处：伏侍贾母时，心中只有贾母；如今跟了宝玉，心中又只有宝玉了。只因宝玉性情乖僻，每每规谏，见宝玉不听，心中着实忧郁。&lt;br /&gt;
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However, it is said that Hsi-jen is crazy: when seving Jia's mother, only Jia's mother is in her heart; now serving Jade, there is only Jade in her heart. Because of Jade's perverse temperament, when Jade doesn't listen to her advise, Hsi-jen is really depressed.--[[User:Li Aixuan|Li Aixuan]] ([[User talk:Li Aixuan|talk]]) 07:11, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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However, Hsi Jen had several simple traits. While in attendance upon dowager lady Chia, in her heart and her eyes there was no one but her venerable ladyship, and her alone; and now in her attendance upon Pao-yue, her heart and her eyes were again full of Pao-yue, and him alone. But as Pao-yue was of a perverse temperament and did not heed her repeated injunctions, she felt at heart exceedingly grieved.--[[User:Li Ruiyang|Li Ruiyang]] ([[User talk:Li Ruiyang|talk]]) 00:42, 21 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李瑞洋 Lǐ Ruìyáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081497==&lt;br /&gt;
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是晚，宝玉、李嬷嬷已睡了，他见里面黛玉、鹦哥犹未安歇，他自卸了妆，悄悄的进来，笑问：“姑娘怎么还不安歇？”黛玉忙笑让：“姐姐请坐。”&lt;br /&gt;
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At night, after nurse Li had fallen asleep, seeing that in the inner chambers, Tai-yue and Ying Ko had not as yet retired to rest, she removed her makeup, and with gentle step walked in.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;How is it, miss，&amp;quot; she inquired smiling, &amp;quot;that you have not turned in as yet？&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
Tai-yue at once put on a smile. &amp;quot;Sit down, sister, &amp;quot; she rejoined, pressing her to take a seat. --[[User:Li Ruiyang|Li Ruiyang]] ([[User talk:Li Ruiyang|talk]]) 01:37, 21 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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At night, after Master Bao and nurse Li had fallen asleep, seeing that in the inner chambers, Tai-yue and Ying Ko had not as yet retired to rest, she removed her makeup, and with gentle step walked in.&amp;quot;How is it, miss，&amp;quot; she inquired smilingly, &amp;quot;that you have not turned in as yet？&amp;quot; Tai-yue at once put on a smile. &amp;quot;Sit down, my dear sister, &amp;quot; she rejoined, leading her to take a seat.--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 14:41, 21 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李姗 Lǐ Shān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081498==&lt;br /&gt;
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袭人在床沿上坐了。鹦哥笑道：“林姑娘在这里伤心，自己淌眼抹泪的说：‘今儿才来了，就惹出你们哥儿的病来。倘或摔坏了那玉，岂不是因我之过？’&lt;br /&gt;
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Hsi-jen then sat by the bedside. Ying Ko ridiculed, &amp;quot;Miss Lin was feeling sad with her tears dropping down today, saying that 'It is the first day that I come here, while I have triggered the relapse of your young master. If his precious jade was truly broken apart, then I am sure to blame.&amp;quot;--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 14:29, 21 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Aroma then sat by the bedside. Brother Parrot ridiculed, &amp;quot;Miss Lin feels sad with her tears dropping down today, saying that 'It is the first day that I come here, while I have triggered the relapse of your young master. If his precious jade is truly broken apart, then I'll be sure to blame.&amp;quot;--[[User:Li Shuang|Li Shuang]] ([[User talk:Li Shuang|talk]]) 02:45, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李双 Lǐ Shuāng 翻译学 女 202120081499==&lt;br /&gt;
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所以伤心。我好容易劝好了。”袭人道：“姑娘快别这么着。将来只怕比这更奇怪的笑话儿还有呢。&lt;br /&gt;
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“She is therefore so sad, and I had a hard time persuading her to stop crying.” Aroma said: “Please don’t look so sad, young lady. There will be more stranger jokes in the future.”--[[User:Li Shuang|Li Shuang]] ([[User talk:Li Shuang|talk]]) 02:40, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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“She is therefore so sad, and I had a hard time persuading her to stop crying.” Aroma said: “Please don’t look so sad, my mistress. There will be more stranger jokes in the future.”--[[User:Li Wenxuan|Li Wenxuan]] ([[User talk:Li Wenxuan|talk]]) 10:51, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李文璇 Lǐ Wénxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081500==&lt;br /&gt;
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若为他这种行状，你多心伤感，只怕你还伤感不了呢。快别多心。”黛玉道：“姐姐们说的，我记着就是了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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“If you feel sad for his behavior, I’m afraid that you can’t be so. Don’t think too much.” Daiyu said: “I will remember what our sisters has said.” --[[User:Li Wenxuan|Li Wenxuan]] ([[User talk:Li Wenxuan|talk]]) 00:23, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李雯 Lǐ Wén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081501==&lt;br /&gt;
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又叙了一会，方才安歇。次早起来，省过贾母，因往王夫人处来。正值王夫人与熙凤在一处拆金陵来的书信，又有王夫人的兄嫂处遣来的两个媳妇儿来说话。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李新星 Lǐ Xīnxīng 亚非语言文学 女 202120081503==&lt;br /&gt;
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黛玉虽不知原委，探春等却晓得是议论金陵城中居住的薛家姨母之子、表兄薛蟠倚财仗势，打死人命，现在应天府案下审理。如今舅舅王子腾得了信，遣人来告诉这边，意欲唤取进京之意。&lt;br /&gt;
Although Daiyu did not know the exact cause, Tanchun and others knew that it was xue Pan, son and cousin of aunt Xue who lived in Jinling city, who killed a man by taking advantage of his wealth and power, and was now being tried by the Tianfu court. Now uncle Prince teng got the letter, send people to tell here, intended to call the meaning of Beijing.--[[User:Li Xinxing|Li Xinxing]] ([[User talk:Li Xinxing|talk]]) 12:24, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Although Dai Yu did not know the original commission, Tan Chun and others knew that it was a discussion of Xue Pan, the son of the Xue family's aunt and cousin Xue Pan, who lived in Jinling City, who relied on wealth and power to kill people, and now it should be tried under the Tianfu case. Now that his uncle Prince Teng had received the letter, he sent someone to tell this side, intending to summon the intention of entering the capital.--[[User:Li Yi|Li Yi]] ([[User talk:Li Yi|talk]]) 12:27, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李怡 Lǐ Yí 法语语言文学 女 202120081504==&lt;br /&gt;
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毕竟怎的，下回分解。&lt;br /&gt;
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起复——即重新起用被停职或撤职的官员，包括因父母丧停职回家守孝及因被弹劾而遭撤职的官员。​&lt;br /&gt;
If you want to know what happened, the answer is next time&lt;br /&gt;
Reinstatement – Reinstate officials who have been suspended or removed from their posts, including those who have been suspended from their posts for the death of their parents and who have been removed from office for impeachment.--[[User:Li Yi|Li Yi]] ([[User talk:Li Yi|talk]]) 12:14, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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After all, I'll break it down next time.&lt;br /&gt;
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Reinstatement - reinstatement of officials who have been suspended or removed from office, including those who have been removed from office due to the death of their parents and those who have been removed from office due to impeachment.--[[User:Liu Peiting|Liu Peiting]] ([[User talk:Liu Peiting|talk]]) 12:24, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘沛婷 Liú Pèitíng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081505==&lt;br /&gt;
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邸(dǐ底)报——亦称“邸抄”、“抄报”、“宫门抄”，清代或称“京报”。中国古代官方报纸的通称。&lt;br /&gt;
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Di Pao -- also known as &amp;quot;Di Copy&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;copy newspaper&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Palace Gate Copy&amp;quot; -- is also known as &amp;quot;Beijing Newspaper&amp;quot; during the Qing Dynasty. The general name of the official newspaper in ancient China.--[[User:Liu Peiting|Liu Peiting]] ([[User talk:Liu Peiting|talk]]) 12:23, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Di Bao -- also known as &amp;quot;Di Copy&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;copy newspaper&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Palace Gate Copy&amp;quot; -- is also known as &amp;quot;Beijing Newspaper&amp;quot; during the Qing Dynasty. The general name of the official newspaper in ancient China.--[[User:Liu Shengnan|Liu Shengnan]] ([[User talk:Liu Shengnan|talk]]) 12:10, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘胜楠 Liú Shèngnán 翻译学 女 202120081506==&lt;br /&gt;
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承办者或为地方官府驻京办事机构，或为朝廷。邸报专门抄发诏令、奏章及朝政新闻，以供地方官及时了解。 邸：原指战国时各诸侯在都城的客馆，后泛指地方官府驻京办事处。​&lt;br /&gt;
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The undertaker is either the local government office in Beijing or the imperial court. The residence newspaper specially copied and issued imperial edicts, memorials and government news for local officials to understand in time. Di: it used to refer to the guest houses of various princes in the capital during the Warring States period, and later it generally refers to the offices of local officials in Beijing. ​--[[User:Liu Shengnan|Liu Shengnan]] ([[User talk:Liu Shengnan|talk]]) 12:09, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The undertaker is either the local government office in Beijing or the imperial court. The &amp;quot;Di&amp;quot; newspaper(a official gazette) specially copied and issued imperial edicts, memorials and government news for local officials to understand in time.&amp;quot;Di&amp;quot;: Originally referred to the guest hall of the princes in the capital during the Warring States Period, and later generally referred to the Beijing office of the local government.    --[[User:Liu Wei|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei|talk]]) 14:40, 22 December 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘薇 Liú Wēi 国别 女 202120081507==&lt;br /&gt;
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贱荆——亦称“拙荆”、“山荆”等。谦词。对人称自己的妻子。 荆：“荆钗布裙”的省称。&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;Jian Jing&amp;quot; ——also known as &amp;quot;Zhuo Jing&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Shan Jing&amp;quot; etc. It's a modest word when a man mention his wife in front of others. &amp;quot;Jing&amp;quot;is a short name for &amp;quot;JingChaiBuQun&amp;quot;(the female have only a thorn for a hairpin and plain cloth for a skirt).   --[[User:Liu Wei|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei|talk]]) 12:36, 19 December 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei&lt;br /&gt;
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Jian Jing, also known as &amp;quot;Zhuo Jing&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Shan Jing&amp;quot;,etc, is a humle term for quoting one's own wife. Jing is an abbreviation for &amp;quot;Jingchaibuqun&amp;quot;, that is, a thorn for a hairpin and palin cloth for a skirt.--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 06:59, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘晓 Liú Xiǎo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081508==&lt;br /&gt;
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形容妇人极为简朴的服饰。语出汉·刘向《列女传》(见《太平御览》卷七一八引)：“梁鸿妻孟光，荆钗布裙。” 荆钗：即以木棍为钗。&lt;br /&gt;
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Jing, used to ​describe women's plain, simple and unadorned clothes, is originated from a sentence in the ''Biographies of Exemplary Women'' written by Liu Xiang in the Han Dynasty (see ''Imperial Review under the Reign of Taizong in the Song Dynasty'', Vol.718): &amp;quot;Meng Guang, wife of Liang Hong has only a thorn for a hairpin and plain cloth for a skirt.&amp;quot; Jingchai means a thron for a hairpin.--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 06:53, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Jing, used to ​describe the extremely simple dress of a woman. In Han, Liu Xiang's &amp;quot;Biography of the Female&amp;quot; (see ”Taiping Yu Lan“（Imperial Review under the Reign of Taizong in the Song Dynasty）, vol. 718): &amp;quot;Liang Hong's wife, Meng Guang, was dressed in a woven hairpin and cloth skirt.&amp;quot; Jingchai (荆钗): a wooden stick used as a hairpin.--[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 05:02, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘越 Liú Yuè 亚非语言文学 女 202120081509==&lt;br /&gt;
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内顾之忧──语出北朝魏·袁翻《安置蠕蠕表》：“且蠕蠕尚存，则高车犹有内顾之忧，未暇窥窬上国；&lt;br /&gt;
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The Worries of Internal Concern - From Yuan Fan's &amp;quot; Settlement Zoran Policy &amp;quot;, And if Zoran still existed, then Gao Che (a generic term used by the Northern Dynasties for a part of the nomadic tribes in the north of the desert) would still have internal concerns and would not have had the strength to covet the vassal states.--[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 04:55, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Internal Concerns – derived from Yuan Fan's &amp;quot;Policy on the Settlement of Ruru&amp;quot;. “And if Ruru survived, Gaoche would have internal concerns and would have no time to covet the territory of the Emperor.--[[User:Liu Yunxin|Liu Yunxin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yunxin|talk]]) 13:30, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘运心 Liú Yùnxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081510==&lt;br /&gt;
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若蠕蠕全灭，则高车跋扈之计，岂易可知？”(蠕蠕：“柔然”的别称，亦称“芮芮”、“茹茹”。我国古代北方少数民族名。&lt;br /&gt;
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“If Ruru was annihilated, wasn’t it easy to know the conceited plan of Gaoche?” (“Ruru”, an alternative name for Rouran Khaganate, can also be called “Ruirui” or “Ruru”. The name of an ancient northern ethnic minorities.)--[[User:Liu Yunxin|Liu Yunxin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yunxin|talk]]) 12:53, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗安怡 Luó Ānyí 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081511==&lt;br /&gt;
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高车：亦称“狄历”、“敕勒”、“铁勒”、“丁零”。 我国古代北方少数民族名。)意谓因对家事或国事的顾念而担忧。&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗曦 Luó Xī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081512==&lt;br /&gt;
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这里指家庭需要照顾的人或事。​&lt;br /&gt;
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垂花门──旧时较为讲究的四合院二门。门顶如屋顶式样，其四角和前后多有下垂的雕花，故称。&lt;br /&gt;
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This refers to the person or thing that family members need to take care of. ​&lt;br /&gt;
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Floral-Pendant Gates: It was  the second gate of a courtyard house with exquisite decoration in the old days. The top of the door was like a roof, with drooping carvings on the back and front of four corners, so it is called &amp;quot;Floral-Pendant Gates&amp;quot;.--[[User:Ma Xin|Ma Xin]] ([[User talk:Ma Xin|talk]]) 11:25, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==马新 Mǎ Xīn 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081513==&lt;br /&gt;
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超手游廊──亦作“超手回廊”、“抄手游廊”。房廊像两手笼入袖筒，两袖成环形状，故称。&lt;br /&gt;
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Verandah Chao Shou —— also known as &amp;quot;Corridor Chao Shou&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Cross Hand Verandah&amp;quot;. Its gallery looked like a two-handed cage into the sleeves, and the two sleeves formed a ring shape, so it was called &amp;quot;Verandah Chao Shou&amp;quot;.--[[User:Ma Xin|Ma Xin]] ([[User talk:Ma Xin|talk]]) 07:37, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Verandah Chao Shou: It was also known as  “Corridor Chao Shou” or “Verandah Cross Hand”. Its gallery was similar to a two-handed cage into the two sleeves which formed a ring shape, so it was called “Verandah Chao Shou”. --[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 06:26, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛雅文 Máo Yǎwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081514==&lt;br /&gt;
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穿山游廊──指与厅房两边山墙门通连的回廊。以其可由山墙门穿行，故称。 山：即房屋两侧的山墙。​&lt;br /&gt;
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Chuan Shan You Lang: A veranda or corridor connected with the gable doors on both sides of the hall. People can pass through the corridor after entering into the gable doors, so this kind of corridor is called such a name. Shan: The gable doors on both sides of a house.--[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 13:22, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Chuan Shan You Lang: It refers to the corridor connected to the door of the wall on either side of the room. People can pass through the corridor after entering into the gable doors, so this kind of corridor is called such a name. Shan: The gable doors on both sides of a house.--[[User:Mao You|Mao You]] ([[User talk:Mao You|talk]]) 13:33, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛优 Máo Yōu 俄语语言文学 女 202120081515==&lt;br /&gt;
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“第一个”六句──这是对迎春形象的描写。 微丰：稍胖。 腮凝新荔：形容腮帮子像荔枝般的红润。&lt;br /&gt;
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The first six lines - It is a description of Yingchun's image. Wei Feng: Slightly fat. Sai Ning Xin Li：The cheeks are as red as lychees.--[[User:Mao You|Mao You]] ([[User talk:Mao You|talk]]) 13:29, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The first six lines - It is a description of Yingchun's image. Wei Feng: Slightly fat. Sai Ning Xin Li：The cheeks are as red and shiny as lychees.--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 07:21, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==牟一心 Móu Yīxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081516==&lt;br /&gt;
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鼻腻鹅脂：形容鼻端像鹅脂般光润。​&lt;br /&gt;
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“第二个”七句──这是对探春形象的描写。 削肩：俗称溜肩。&lt;br /&gt;
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Bi Ni E Zhi: an idiom to describe someone’s tip of nose is as shiny and smooth as goose grease.&lt;br /&gt;
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“The second” seven lines —— this is a depiction of the look of Tanchun. Rounded shoulders: commonly known as sloping shoulders --[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 07:18, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Bi Ni E Zhi: a Chiniese idiom to describe someone’s tip of nose is as shiny and smooth as goose grease.&lt;br /&gt;
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“The second” seven lines —— this is a depiction of Tanchun'image. Cuted shoulders: commonly known as sloping shoulders--[[User:Peng Ruixue|Peng Ruixue]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruixue|talk]]) 07:00, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==彭瑞雪 Péng Ruìxuě 法语语言文学 女 202120081517==&lt;br /&gt;
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倾斜的双肩。古人以为美人肩。&lt;br /&gt;
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长挑身材：瘦高的身材。 鸭蛋脸儿：犹如鸭蛋似的长圆形脸盘。&lt;br /&gt;
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Sloping shoulders. The ancients considered these to be the shoulders of beauty.&lt;br /&gt;
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Long, tall figure: a tall, thin figure. Duck egg face: an oblong face like a duck egg.--[[User:Peng Ruixue|Peng Ruixue]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruixue|talk]]) 06:32, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==秦建安 Qín Jiànān 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081518==&lt;br /&gt;
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俊眼修眉：秀美的眼睛，长长的秀眉。 顾盼神飞：左顾右盼，目光炯炯，神采飞扬。 文彩精华：光彩照人，精神十足。&lt;br /&gt;
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Jun Yan Xiu Mei: beautiful eyes with long and delicate eyebrows. Gu Pan Shen Fei: looking left and right, with shining eyes and soaring spirit. Wen Cai Jing Hua: being radiant and full of energy.--[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 01:21, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邱婷婷 Qiū Tíngtíng 英语语言文学（语言学）女 202120081519==&lt;br /&gt;
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见之忘俗：意谓别人见了就会忘了俗气，变得高雅起来。形容探春一身高雅之气。​&lt;br /&gt;
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“第三个”两句──这是对惜春形象的描写。&lt;br /&gt;
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To see is to forget vulgarity: It means that when others see something or someone will forget the secular atmosphere and  become more elegant. In this sentence, it describes Tanchun has a great elegant temperament.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The third&amp;quot; two sentences ─ thses are  the description of the image of Xi Chun.--[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 02:50, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Jian Zhi Wang Su: It means that others will forget the vulgarity and become elegant when they see it. It is used to describe Tanchun's elegance. &lt;br /&gt;
The two sentences containing “ the third” — are the image depiction of Sichun.--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 12:27, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==饶金盈 Ráo Jīnyíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081520==&lt;br /&gt;
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形容惜春年纪尚小，身材和容貌都还没有发育成熟。​&lt;br /&gt;
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人参养荣丸──以人参、当归、黄芪、陈皮、白芍、熟地、桂心等配制而成的丸药，主治脾胃气血亏虚等症。&lt;br /&gt;
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It is used to describe the Xichun, who is still young and body and appearance are not developed.&lt;br /&gt;
Ginseng Yangrong Pill- A pill made of ginseng, angelica, astragalus, Chen Pi, Bai Shao, Shu Di, Gui Xin, etc., mainly used for treating deficiency of qi and blood in the spleen and stomach.--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 12:22, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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It is used to depict Xichun, who is still in her young age and underdeveloped stature as well as appearance.&lt;br /&gt;
Ginseng tonic bolus- a sort of pill composed of ginseng, Angelica sinensis, astragalus, tangerine peel, white paleontology root, rehmannia glutinousa, laurel heart, etc. is mainly used to treat diseases such as deficiency in spleen, stomach, qi as well as blood.--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 13:00, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==石丽青 Shí Lìqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081521==&lt;br /&gt;
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荣：中医指血脉。 养荣丸：似有双关之意：除了保养血脉之意外，还有保养荣誉之意，与薛宝钗的“冷香丸”相对，以寓二人的不同性格。&lt;br /&gt;
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“Rong” refers to blood vessel in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. Tonic bolus embraces double meaning. Apart from the maintenance of blood, it also boasts the function of maintaining the honor, which is opposite to “Cold Fragrant Pellet” of Xue Baochai. This is the revelation of different personalities between these two people.--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 12:45, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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“Rong” refers to blood vessel in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. Tonic bolus embraces double meanings. Apart from the maintenance of blood vessel, it also boasts the function of maintaining the honor, which is opposite to “Cold Fragrant Pellet” of Xue Baochai. This is the revelation of different personalities between these two people.--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 02:27, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==孙雅诗 Sūn Yǎshī 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081522==&lt;br /&gt;
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窄褃(kèn掯)袄──即紧身妖。 窄：瘦小。 褃：是上衣前后幅两侧接缝部分的名称。&lt;br /&gt;
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Narrow ken coat ── is a tight quilted jacket.Narrow: thin.Ken: It is the name of the seams on the front and rear sides of the jacket.--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 02:18, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Narrow Ken coat ── namely tight quilted jacket. Narrow: thin. Ken: the name of the seams on the front and back of the jacket. --[[User:Wang Lifei|Wang Lifei]] ([[User talk:Wang Lifei|talk]]) 08:50, 21 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王李菲 Wáng Lǐfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081523==&lt;br /&gt;
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仪门──原指官署大门里的第二道正门。之所以称“仪门”，是因为官员至此门必须整齐仪表。&lt;br /&gt;
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Etiquette Gate ── originally refers to the second main gate in the main gate of the government office. The reason why it is called &amp;quot;Etiquette Gate&amp;quot; is because the officers must be well-groomed when he arrives. --[[User:Wang Lifei|Wang Lifei]] ([[User talk:Wang Lifei|talk]]) 08:38, 21 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Etiquette Gate--Originally, it refers to the second main door in the gate of the official office. The reason why it is called &amp;quot;Etiquette Gate&amp;quot; is that officials must be neat and tidy when they arrive at this gate.--[[User:Wang Yifan21|Wang Yifan21]] ([[User talk:Wang Yifan21|talk]]) 06:30, 23 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王逸凡 Wáng Yìfán 亚非语言文学 女 202120081524==&lt;br /&gt;
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《明会典·礼部十七·官员礼》：“新官到任之日……先至神庙祭祀毕，引至仪门前下马，具官服，从中道入。”&lt;br /&gt;
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The Ming Canon - Rituals XVII - Official Rites: &amp;quot;On the day the new official arrives, he first goes to the temple to offer sacrifice, after which he is led to dismount in front of the ceremonial gate, with his official uniform, and enters from the middle road.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wang Yifan21|Wang Yifan21]] ([[User talk:Wang Yifan21|talk]]) 06:27, 23 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王镇隆 Wáng Zhènlóng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 男 202120081525==&lt;br /&gt;
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又《江宁府志·建制·官署》：“其制大门之内为仪门，仪门内为莅事堂。”后加以引申，大家府第的第二道正门也称仪门。​&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Jiangning official records，organizational system，official &amp;quot;: &amp;quot;inside the system gate is the instrument gate, and inside the instrument gate is the visiting hall.&amp;quot; Later extended, the second main gate of everyone's house is also called Yimen. ​--[[User:Wang Zhenlong|Wang Zhenlong]] ([[User talk:Wang Zhenlong|talk]]) 11:12, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;Jiangning official records，organizational system，government &amp;quot;: &amp;quot;inside the system gate is the etiquette gate, and inside the etiquette gate is the visiting hall.&amp;quot; Later extended, the second main gate of mansion is also called etiquette gate.--[[User:Wei Yiwen|Wei Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Wei Yiwen|talk]]) 09:52, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==卫怡雯 Wèi Yíwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081526==&lt;br /&gt;
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鹿顶耳房钻山──这里是指在正房两侧与东西厢房北侧之间建有两座平顶耳房，并在耳房山墙上开门。如此则使正房、东西耳房、东西厢房皆可相通，便于穿行，所以下句说“四通八达”。&lt;br /&gt;
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Luding Erfang Zuanshan—— it refers to two flat top ear rooms which are situated on the two sides of principal room and northern side of east and west wings and open up the door on the gable. Then it makes a connection between principal room, east and west ear room as well as east and west wings so that it is more convenient for people to pass. It is called “extend in all directions” as described below.--[[User:Wei Yiwen|Wei Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Wei Yiwen|talk]]) 02:14, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Luding Erfang Zuanshan——it refers to two flat-top ear rooms which are situated on the two sides of principal room and northern side of east and west wings and open up the door on the gable of ear rooms. Then it makes a connection between principal room, east and west ear rooms as well as east and west wings so that it is very convenient for people to pass. Therefore, it is called “accessible in all directions” as described below.--[[User:Wei Chuxuan|Wei Chuxuan]] ([[User talk:Wei Chuxuan|talk]]) 07:44, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏楚璇 Wèi Chǔxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081527==&lt;br /&gt;
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鹿顶：亦作“盝顶”。即平屋顶。 耳房：紧靠正房或厢房两侧并利用其山墙建造的房屋。&lt;br /&gt;
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Luding: flat roof. Ear room: a room built by using a gable on either side of a principle room or wing-room.--[[User:Wei Chuxuan|Wei Chuxuan]] ([[User talk:Wei Chuxuan|talk]]) 02:00, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Lu Ding: this means flat roof. Er Fang: a room built by using the gable on both sides of a principle room or wing-room.--[[User:Wei Zhaoyan|Wei Zhaoyan]] ([[User talk:Wei Zhaoyan|talk]]) 12:13, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏兆妍 Wèi Zhàoyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081528==&lt;br /&gt;
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因其位于正房两侧，犹如人的两只耳朵，故称。 钻山：指打通房屋两侧的山墙，以与相邻的房屋或回廊相通。​&lt;br /&gt;
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As they are located on both sides of the main house just like people’s ears, they are called “wings”.  Zuan Shan: this means breaking through the gables on both sides of the house to connect to adjacent houses and cloisters.--[[User:Wei Zhaoyan|Wei Zhaoyan]] ([[User talk:Wei Zhaoyan|talk]]) 07:45, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Because they are located on both sides of the main house just like people’s ears, they are called “wings”.  Zuan Shan: this means breaking through the gables on both sides of the house to connect to adjacent houses and cloisters. --[[User:Wu Jingyue|Wu Jingyue]] ([[User talk:Wu Jingyue|talk]]) 05:48, 21 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴婧悦 Wú Jìngyuè 俄语语言文学 女 202120081529==&lt;br /&gt;
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赤金九龙青地大匾──以赤金涂饰的九条雕龙为边框的黑底大匾。 九龙：古代传说龙生九子，性格各异。但说法各异。&lt;br /&gt;
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The horizontal board, which is  decorated with pink gold, night dragon and tuff - the board is black and is made of motifs of dragon and phoenix. The nine dragons: it is said that, in the ancient time, the dragon had nine sons, whose character were totally different. But there were different ideas about it.--[[User:Wu Jingyue|Wu Jingyue]] ([[User talk:Wu Jingyue|talk]]) 14:02, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
A large plaque with nine dragons painted in red gold on a black background. Nine Dragons: Ancient legend has it that dragons are born with nine sons, each with a different character. However, there are different sayings.--[[User:Wu Yinghong|Wu Yinghong]] ([[User talk:Wu Yinghong|talk]]) 05:36, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴映红 Wú Yìnghóng 日语语言文学 女 202120081530==&lt;br /&gt;
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明·杨慎《升庵外集·动物一·龙生九子》说：“龙生九子不成龙，各有所好：囚牛，平生好音乐，今胡琴头上刻兽是其遗像；&lt;br /&gt;
Ming-Yang Shen's &amp;quot;Sheng'an Waiji - Animals I - The Nine Sons of the Dragon&amp;quot; says: &amp;quot;The nine sons of the dragon were born without becoming dragons, but each had his own interests: the prisoner bull, who was good at music in his life, and the beast carved on the head of the huqin today is his posthumous image.&lt;br /&gt;
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Yang Shen of Ming Dynasty said in &amp;quot;Sheng an Outside collection · Animal · Long Sheng Jiu Zi&amp;quot; : &amp;quot;Long sheng Jiu Zi is not a dragon, each has his own good points: prisoner ox, good music in his life, the beast carved on the head of Huqin is his portrait;  --[[User:Xiao Yiyao|Xiao Yiyao]] ([[User talk:Xiao Yiyao|talk]]) 10:32, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531==&lt;br /&gt;
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睚毗，平生好杀，金刀柄上龙吞口是其遗像；嘲风，平生好险，今殿角走兽是其遗像；蒲牢，平生好鸣，今钟上兽纽是其遗像；&lt;br /&gt;
Yapi, who was easy to kill, has a portrait of a dragon swallowing mouth on the gold hilt.  Scene wind, life good risk, this temple corner beast is its portrait;  Pu Lao, life good Ming, this bell on the beast new is its portrait; --[[User:Xiao Yiyao|Xiao Yiyao]] ([[User talk:Xiao Yiyao|talk]]) 10:28, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Yapi, who likes killing, so the image of a dragon swallowing mouth on the gold hilt is its portrait. Chaofeng, who likes being at risk, so the image of the temple corner beast is its portrait; Pulao, who likes chirping, so the image of the bell on the beast new is its portrait.--[[User:Xie Jiafen|Xie Jiafen]] ([[User talk:Xie Jiafen|talk]]) 11:34, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532==&lt;br /&gt;
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狻猊，平生好坐，今佛座狮子是其遗像；霸下，平生好负重，今碑座兽是其遗像；陛犴，平生好讼，今狱门上狮子头是其遗像；&lt;br /&gt;
Suan ni likes sitting all its life , it looks alike a lion, which usually appears in the pedestal of Buddha ; Ba xia likes bearing a heavy burden all its life, so its image usually appears under the stone monuments as a stele monster; Bi'an likes lawsuit all its life, so its image usually appears in the cell doors.--[[User:Xie Jiafen|Xie Jiafen]] ([[User talk:Xie Jiafen|talk]]) 07:02, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Suan ni likes sitting all its life , it looks alike a lion, which usually appears in the pedestal of Buddha ; Ba xia likes bearing a heavy burden all its life, so its image usually appears under the stone monuments as a stele monster; Bi'an likes lawsuit all its life, so its image usually appears in the cell doors.--[[User:Xie Qinglin|Xie Qinglin]] ([[User talk:Xie Qinglin|talk]]) 07:25, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢庆琳 Xiè Qìnglín 俄语语言文学 女 202120081533==&lt;br /&gt;
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屓屭，平生好文，今碑两旁龙是其遗像；蚩吻，平生好吞，今殿脊兽头是其遗像。”明·焦竑《玉堂丛语·卷一·文学》则说：&lt;br /&gt;
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The clamshell, life is good literature, today the two sides of the monument dragon is its image; Chi kiss, life is good swallow, today the temple ridge beast head is its image.&amp;quot; Ming - Jiao Hong &amp;quot;Yu Tang Congye - Volume 1 - Literature&amp;quot; said.--[[User:Xie Qinglin|Xie Qinglin]] ([[User talk:Xie Qinglin|talk]]) 07:24, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==熊敏 Xióng Mǐn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081534==&lt;br /&gt;
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“俗传龙生九子不成龙，各有所好……一曰赑屭，形似龟，好负重，今石碑下龟趺是也；二曰螭吻，形似兽，性好望，今屋上兽头是也；&lt;br /&gt;
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“ It is said that the nine sons of dragons are not born into dragons, and each has its own features...One is Bixi shaped like a tortoise, and it is so heavy. It is also a tortoise under the stone tablet; the second is Liwen shaped like a beast, and it is well-known.&lt;br /&gt;
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==徐敏赟 Xú Mǐnyūn 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 男 202120081535==&lt;br /&gt;
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三曰蒲牢，形似龙而小，性好叫吼，今钟上纽是也；四曰狴犴，形似虎，有威力，故立于狱门；五曰饕餮，好饮食，故立于鼎盖；&lt;br /&gt;
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The third one is Pu'lao, who looks like a dragon but is small and easy to roar, and it often appeared in chime. The fourth was Bi'an, who looks like a tiger and is so powerful that he stand in the door of the prison. The fifth is Tao'tie, like eating food, so stand in tripod cover;--[[User:Xu Minyun|Xu Minyun]] ([[User talk:Xu Minyun|talk]]) 11:32, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜静 Yán Jìng 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 女 202120081536==&lt;br /&gt;
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六曰，性好水，故立于桥柱；七曰睚毗，性好杀，故立于刀环；八曰金猊，形似狮，性好烟火，故立于香炉；&lt;br /&gt;
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The sixth is good at water, so it stands on the bridge column; The seventh is called Ya Zi, good at killing, so it stands in the knife ring; The eighth is Jin Ni, like a lion, has a good nature of fireworks, so it stands in the incense burner;--[[User:Yan Jing|Yan Jing]] ([[User talk:Yan Jing|talk]]) 11:04, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜莉莉 Yán Lìlì 国别 女 202120081537==&lt;br /&gt;
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九曰椒图，形似螺蚌，性好闭，故立于门铺首。”明·沈德符《万历野获编·卷七·内阁·龙子》又说：“长沙李文正公在阁，孝宗忽下御札，问龙生九子之详。&lt;br /&gt;
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The ninth is called Jiao Tu, which is shaped like a screw and likes to close its mouth, so it is used as decoration on the door. Shen Defu of the Ming Dynasty, in his book ''Wanli Ye Huo, Vol.7, Cabinet, Longzi,'' also said, &amp;quot;When Duke Li Wenzheng of Changsha was in the cabinet, Emperor Xiaozong suddenly got down to ask the details of the birth of nine longzi.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Yan Lili|Yan Lili]] ([[User talk:Yan Lili|talk]]) 13:30, 21 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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When Duke Li Wenzheng of Changsha was in the pavilion, Emperor Xiaozong suddenly sent a royal letter and asked about the details of Long Sheng's nine sons.--[[User:Yan Zihan|Yan Zihan]] ([[User talk:Yan Zihan|talk]]) 07:32, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜子涵 Yán Zǐhán 国别 女 202120081538==&lt;br /&gt;
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文正对云：‘其子蒲牢好鸣，今为钟上钮鼻；囚牛好音，今为胡琴头刻兽；睚眦好杀，今为刀剑上吞口；&lt;br /&gt;
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Wen Zheng said , &amp;quot;his son Pu Lao likes roaring，the dragon shaped animal button on the Hong Zhong is its relic; The Qiu Niu loves music all his life. He often squats on the head of the piano to enjoy the music of plucking strings, so his portrait is engraved on the head of the HuQin; Ya Ci is the second child. He is aggressive and likes killing all his life，and swallow a sword with his mouth.--[[User:Yan Zihan|Yan Zihan]] ([[User talk:Yan Zihan|talk]]) 07:29, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Wen Zheng said , &amp;quot;his son Pu Lao likes roaring，and often appears on the bell; Qiu Niu loves music all his life,accordingly, he becomes a decoration for music instrument, such as two-stringed bowed violin (huqin); Ya Ci likes fighting and killing，people see him as the patron saint of weapons, so he often appears on the weapons.--[[User:Yang Jiaying|Yang Jiaying]] ([[User talk:Yang Jiaying|talk]]) 08:08, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==阳佳颖 Yáng Jiāyǐng 国别 女 202120081540==&lt;br /&gt;
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嘲风好险，今为殿阁走兽；狻猊好坐，今为佛座骑象；霸下好负重，今为碑碣石趺；&lt;br /&gt;
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Chao Feng loves adventure,he now often appears on the corner on the housetop; Suan Ni loves sitting quietly, his image is often found in temples as the mount of Buddha; Bi xi has the power of strength. He loves to carry heavy stuff to show off his magic energy, so under the stele can people see his appearing.--[[User:Yang Jiaying|Yang Jiaying]] ([[User talk:Yang Jiaying|talk]]) 08:12, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Chao Feng loves adventure. It's the small decorative animal on the eaves of the housetop; Suan Ni loves sitting quietly. Its image is often found in temples as the mount of Buddha; Bi xi has the power of strength. He loves to carry heavy stuff to show off his magic energy, so under the stele can people see his appearing.--[[User:Yang Aijiang|Yang Aijiang]] ([[User talk:Yang Aijiang|talk]]) 11:30, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨爱江 Yáng Àijiāng 英语语言文学（ 语言学） 女 202120081541==&lt;br /&gt;
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狴犴好讼，今为狱户首镇压；屓屭好文，今为碑两旁蜿蜒；蚩吻好吞，今为殿脊兽头。’”&lt;br /&gt;
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Bi An is eager for justice and righteousness and can distinguish right from wrong. Now they generally stand on both sides of the lobby of the government office to deter those who violate the law and discipline. Bi Xi, which is fond of reading and writing articles, is gentle. And now it’s the animal winding around on both sides of the stele. Chi Wen which has the ability of swallowing fire becomes the beast heads at both ends of the palace roof. --[[User:Yang Aijiang|Yang Aijiang]] ([[User talk:Yang Aijiang|talk]]) 07:24, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Bi An is eager for justice and righteousness and can distinguish right from wrong. Now it generally stands on both sides of the lobby of the government office to deter those who violate the law and discipline. Bi Xi, which is fond of reading and writing articles, is gentle. And now it’s the animal winding around on both sides of the stele. Chi Wen, who has the ability of swallowing fire, becomes the beast heads at both ends of the palace roof. --[[User:Yang Kun|Yang Kun]] ([[User talk:Yang Kun|talk]]) 11:14, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨堃 Yáng Kūn 法语语言文学 女 202120081542==&lt;br /&gt;
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此外，明·陈仁锡《潜确类书》、明·胡侍《真珠船·龙生九子》、清·褚人获《坚瓠十集·龙九子》、清·高士奇《天禄识馀·龙种》，对九龙的名称、性格、用途的说法也各不相同，可见出于民间传说。世人多用作装饰，以示祥瑞。​&lt;br /&gt;
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In addition, the names, characters and uses of the Dragon's nine sons, which can be seen from folklore, are also different in ''Reference Book of Qian Que'' by Chen Renxi of Ming Dynasty, ''Zhenzhu Boat·The Nine Sons of the Dragon'' by Hu Shi of Ming Dynasty,''Jian Hu's Collection-Vol.10·The Nine Sons of the Dragon'' by Chu Renhuo of Qing Dynasty and ''Tian Lu Shi Yu· Dragon Species'' by Gao Shiqi of Qing Dynasty. People often use the images of the Dragon's nine sons as decoration, to show good luck. --[[User:Yang Kun|Yang Kun]] ([[User talk:Yang Kun|talk]]) 03:53, 23 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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In addition, the names, characters and usages of the Dragon's nine sons, which can be seen from folklore, also differ in ''Reference Book of Qian Que'' by Chen Renxi of Ming Dynasty, ''Zhenzhu Boat·The Nine Sons of the Dragon'' by Hu Shi of Ming Dynasty,''Jian Hu's Collection-Vol.10·The Nine Sons of the Dragon'' by Chu Renhuo of Qing Dynasty and ''Tian Lu Shi Yu· Dragon Species'' by Gao Shiqi of Qing Dynasty. People often use the images of the Dragon's nine sons as decoration show auspiciousness.--[[User:Yang Liuqing|Yang Liuqing]] ([[User talk:Yang Liuqing|talk]]) 11:18, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨柳青 Yáng Liǔqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081543==&lt;br /&gt;
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万幾宸(chén辰)翰之宝──此为皇帝印章所刻的文字。 万幾：国家纷繁复杂的政务。典出《尚书·虞书·皋陶谟》：“兢兢业业，一日二日万幾。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==叶维杰 Yè Wéijié 国别 男 202120081544==&lt;br /&gt;
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孔颖达传云：“幾，微也，言当戒惧万事之微。”意谓尽管政务繁重，也不能忽略任何小事。亦称“万机”。&lt;br /&gt;
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Kong Yingda said: &amp;quot;Ji, which refers to the slighest thing, meaning that should be aware of the very small things.&amp;quot; It means that despite the arduous government affairs, no small things can be ignored. Also known as &amp;quot;Wan Ji&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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Kong Yingda's biography said: &amp;quot;The word Ji means that before saying something one should fear the smallest of all things.&amp;quot; This means that despite the heavy workload of the government, one should not neglect any small matters. It is also referred to as &amp;quot;ten thousand business&amp;quot;.--[[User:Yi Yangfan|Yi Yangfan]] ([[User talk:Yi Yangfan|talk]]) 10:00, 26 December 2021 (UTC)Yi Yangfan&lt;br /&gt;
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==易扬帆 Yì Yángfān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081545==&lt;br /&gt;
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典出《汉书·百官公卿表上》：“相国、丞相皆秦官，金印紫绶，掌丞天子，助理万机。”这里是形容皇帝日理万机，政务繁忙。&lt;br /&gt;
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The allusion is from ''Han Shu: The List of Hundred Officials（Previous）'': &amp;quot;The Minister of State and the Prime Minister were both Qin officials, with gold seals and purple ribbons, and were in charge of the Emperor and assisted in all affairs.&amp;quot; This is a description of the emperor's busy schedule of affairs.--[[User:Yi Yangfan|Yi Yangfan]] ([[User talk:Yi Yangfan|talk]]) 09:24, 25 December 2021 (UTC)Yi Yangfan&lt;br /&gt;
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The allusion is from Han Shu: The List of Hundred Officials（Previous）: &amp;quot;The Ministers of State and the Prime Ministers were Qin officials, with golden seals and purple ribbons, and they were in charge of the Emperor and assisted in all affairs.&amp;quot; Here is the description of the emperor's busy schedule of affairs.--[[User:Yin Huizhen|Yin Huizhen]] ([[User talk:Yin Huizhen|talk]]) 12:37, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷慧珍 Yīn Huìzhēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081546==&lt;br /&gt;
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宸：“北宸”的省称。即北极星。因皇帝上朝坐北朝南，遂为皇帝的代称。翰：本义是羽毛，因古代以羽毛为笔，引申为墨迹(书写的字)。&lt;br /&gt;
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Chen:is short for &amp;quot;Beichen&amp;quot;, that is, the Polaris, which was the alternative name of the Emperors because they sat in the North and faced the South in the imperial court. Han：the original meaning is feather, because in ancient times, feather was used as a pen，and it extended the meanig to ink（written words）.--[[User:Yin Huizhen|Yin Huizhen]] ([[User talk:Yin Huizhen|talk]]) 12:29, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Chen: short for &amp;quot;Beichen&amp;quot;, is the Polaris, which was the alternative name of the Emperors because they sat facing the South in the imperial court. Han：the original meaning was feather, because in ancient times, feather was used as a pen，which extended the meaning to ink（written words）.--[[User:Yin Meida|Yin Meida]] ([[User talk:Yin Meida|talk]]) 08:45, 24 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷美达 Yīn Měidá 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081547==&lt;br /&gt;
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宝：这里指皇帝的印章。上古天子、诸侯均以圭璧制印，故称“宝”。唐以后只有帝、后之印可称“宝”。​&lt;br /&gt;
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Bao refers to the emperors' seals. In ancient time, emperors and dukes all had their seals made of Gui and Bi(precious jade),from which it derived the name &amp;quot;Bao&amp;quot;. After Tang Dynasty, &amp;quot;Bao&amp;quot; was used exclusively by the emperors and empresses.--[[User:Yin Meida|Yin Meida]] ([[User talk:Yin Meida|talk]]) 09:02, 24 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Bao refers to the emperors' seals in the article. In ancient time, emperors and dukes all had their seals made of Gui and Bi(precious jade),from which it derived the name &amp;quot;Bao&amp;quot;. Since Tang Dynasty, &amp;quot;Bao&amp;quot; was used exclusively to describe the seals of the emperors and empresses.--[[User:Yin Yuan|Yin Yuan]] ([[User talk:Yin Yuan|talk]]) 09:32, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==尹媛 Yǐn Yuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081548==&lt;br /&gt;
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“座上”对联──珠玑：本义为珠宝，引申为名贵装饰。 昭日月：形容装饰光亮如日月。 昭：明亮。&lt;br /&gt;
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Couplet &amp;quot;above the seat&amp;quot;─ Gem's original meaning is jewelry, which extended for precious decorations. Zhao Riyue means the decorations as bright as the sun and the moon. Zhao means brightness.--[[User:Yin Yuan|Yin Yuan]] ([[User talk:Yin Yuan|talk]]) 12:21, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==詹若萱 Zhān Ruòxuān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081549==&lt;br /&gt;
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黼黻(fǔ fú府服)：泛指绣有华美花纹的礼服。《晏子春秋·谏下十五》：“公衣黼黻之衣，素绣之裳，一衣而王采具焉。” 黼：黑白相间的斧形花纹。&lt;br /&gt;
Fu Fu (f incarnation fu fu clothing) : refers to embroidered with colorful decorative pattern of the dress. &amp;quot;Yan Zi Spring And Autumn · Jian Next 15&amp;quot; : &amp;quot;I: gongclothes: both clothes, plain embroidered clothes, one dress and Wang CAI yan.&amp;quot; I: black and white axe shape.--[[User:Zhang Qiuyi|Zhang Qiuyi]] ([[User talk:Zhang Qiuyi|talk]]) 11:18, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张秋怡 Zhāng Qiūyí 亚非语言文学 女 202120081550==&lt;br /&gt;
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黻：黑与青相间的亚形花纹。 焕烟霞：形容绣服放射出如烟如霞的光彩，绚丽多姿。 焕：放射光彩。此联形容主宾皆珠光宝气，服饰华丽。&lt;br /&gt;
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Fu: black and blue sub-pattern. Huan Yanxia: to describe the embroidered clothing radiates the radiance of smoke and clouds. Huan: radiate brilliance. This couplet describes the guests of honor are glittering jewels, gorgeous clothes.--[[User:Zhang Qiuyi|Zhang Qiuyi]] ([[User talk:Zhang Qiuyi|talk]]) 11:17, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Fu: black and green sub shaped pattern. Huanyanxia: to describe that the embroidered clothes radiate smoke like glow, gorgeous and colorful. Huan: radiate brilliance. This couplet describes the guests of honor are glittering jewels, gorgeous clothes.--[[User:Zhang Yang|Zhang Yang]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yang|talk]]) 11:30, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张扬 Zhāng Yáng 国别 男 202120081551==&lt;br /&gt;
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汝窑美人觚(gū孤)──出自著名汝窑的一种盛酒器。 汝窑：即北宋汝州瓷窑。因其青瓷器皿质量特佳，多为贡品，故名闻天下，后世成为收藏珍品。&lt;br /&gt;
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Ruyao Beauty Gu-- A wine container from the famous Ruyao. Ruyao: Ruzhou porcelain kiln in the Northern Song Dynasty. Because its celadon ware is of excellent quality and mostly tribute, it is famous all over the world and has become a collection treasure in future generations.--[[User:Zhang Yang|Zhang Yang]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yang|talk]]) 09:59, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张怡然 Zhāng Yírán 俄语语言文学 女 202120081552==&lt;br /&gt;
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美人觚：因其体长腰细，形似美人，故名。​&lt;br /&gt;
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椅搭──又称“椅披”。是一种长方形织物的椅用装饰品。因搭或披在椅背和椅坐上，故名。​&lt;br /&gt;
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Beauty porcelain（mei ren gu）: so named because of its long waist and resemblance to a beauty. &lt;br /&gt;
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Chairs（Yi da） - also known as 'chairs'（Yi pi）. This is a rectangular fabric chair upholstery. The name is derived from the fact that it is placed on the back of the chair or on the seat of the chair.&lt;br /&gt;
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Beauty porcelain ：so named because of its long body and slender waist and resemblance to a beauty. &lt;br /&gt;
Chairs（Yi da） - also known as 'chairs'（Yi pi）. This is a rectangular fabric chair upholstery. The name is derived from the fact that it is placed on the back of the chair or on the seat of the chair.--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 10:12, 26 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟义菲 Zhōng Yìfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081553==&lt;br /&gt;
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掐牙——是一种装饰性衣服花边。即以锦缎等折叠成细条，镶嵌在衣边上，以为美观。 掐：嵌入之意。&lt;br /&gt;
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Qia Ya— a kind of decorative lace. That is to fold brocade into thin strips and inlay them on the edge of the clothes to look beautiful. Qia: embedded.--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 12:30, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Qia Ya— a kind of decorative lace. That is to fold brocade into thin strips and inlay them on the edge of the clothes to look beautiful. Qia: it means “embedded”.--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 08:04, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟雨露 Zhōng Yǔlù 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081554==&lt;br /&gt;
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牙：即“牙子”。器物突出的边沿。​&lt;br /&gt;
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《四书》──即《论语》、《孟子》、《大学》、《中庸》(后两种原为《礼记》中的两篇)。&lt;br /&gt;
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“Ya”: also called &amp;quot;Ya Zi&amp;quot; in Chinese. It means the protruding edge of an object. &lt;br /&gt;
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''The Four Books'' includes— ''The Confucian Analects'', ''The Works of Mencius'', ''The Great Learning'', and ''The Doctrine of the Mean'' (the latter two were originally two books from ''The Book of Rites'').--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 12:22, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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''The Four Books'' includes— ''The Confucian Analects'', ''The Works of Mencius'', ''The Great Learning'', and ''The Doctrine of the Mean'' (the latter two were originally two books chosen from ''The Book of Rites'').--[[User:Zhou Jiu|Zhou Jiu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Jiu|talk]]) 01:18, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周玖 Zhōu Jiǔ 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081555==&lt;br /&gt;
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宋代朱熹选定并定名《四书》，遂成为元、明、清三代科举考试的必读之书。​&lt;br /&gt;
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抹额：原指束在额上的头巾。其起源似乎很早。&lt;br /&gt;
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During the Song dynasty, Zhu xi chose and named ''Four Books'' which became the required readings in Imperial Competitive Examinations of Yuan dynasty, Ming dynasty, and Qing dynasty.&lt;br /&gt;
Mo E: It originally refers to a kerchief tied around the forehead. Its origin seems to be very early.&lt;br /&gt;
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During the Song dynasty, Zhu xi chose and named ''Four Books'' which became the required readings in Imperial Competitive Examinations of Yuan dynasty, Ming dynasty, and Qing dynasty.&lt;br /&gt;
Headband: It originally refers to a kerchief tied around the forehead. Its origin seems to be very early.--[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 01:25, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周俊辉 Zhōu Jùnhuī 法语语言文学 女 202120081556==&lt;br /&gt;
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宋·高承《事物纪原·戎容兵械·抹额》引《二仪实录》曰：“禹娶涂山之夕，大风雷电，中有甲卒千人，其不披甲者，以红绡帕抹其头额，云海神来朝。&lt;br /&gt;
Song Gaocheng quoted the ''Record of Eryi'' in his book ''Things Documentary-Armed Soldiers-Headband'': “When Yu married the Tushan lady, there was a strong wind, thunder and rain. There were a thousand soldiers in gear, and those who were not wore equipment bound a thin red handkerchiefs on their foreheads in anticipation of the arrival of the god of clouds.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 01:21, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
Song Gaocheng quoted the ''Record of Eryi'' in his book ''Things Documentary-Armed Soldiers-Headband'': “When Yu married Tu Shan,under the cicumstance of a strong wind, together with thunder and lighting, there were a thousand soldiers who were not equipped with armor but decorated their foreheads with a thin red handkerchiefs in anticipation of the arrival of the god of clouds.--[[User:Zhou Qiao1|Zhou Qiao1]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qiao1|talk]]) 12:42, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周巧 Zhōu Qiǎo 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081557==&lt;br /&gt;
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禹问之，对曰：‘此武士之首服也。’秦始皇至海上，有神朝，皆抹额、绯衫、大口袴。侍卫自此抹额，遂为军容之服。&lt;br /&gt;
Yu asked and replied, &amp;quot;this is the surrender of a warrior.&amp;quot; When the first emperor of Qin went to the sea, there was the divine Dynasty where people  wore red upper garment and loose trousers and decorated with smear. Since then, bodyguards decorated their forehead with smear, which has become a kind of military costume.--[[User:Zhou Qiao1|Zhou Qiao1]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qiao1|talk]]) 13:17, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Yu asked, and said, ‘this is the first choice for samurai. When Qin Shihuang arrived at the sea, there was a dynasty, and all the people here wiped their foreheads, crimson shirts, and hakama. Since then, the guards wiped their foreheads and became the uniforms of the military.--[[User:Zhou Qing|Zhou Qing]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qing|talk]]) 11:04, 22 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周清 Zhōu Qīng 法语语言文学 女 202120081558==&lt;br /&gt;
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可知原为军人的标志。后普及到一般男子，平民以布巾束发，富人用金箍束发，兼为头饰。​&lt;br /&gt;
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箭袖──亦称“箭衣”。&lt;br /&gt;
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It can be seen that it was originally a symbol of a soldier. Later, it was promoted to be used by ordinary men. Common people used cloth towels to tie their hair, and the rich used gold hoops to tie their hair, which also served as headwear. ​&lt;br /&gt;
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Arrow sleeve ─ ─ also known as &amp;quot;arrow suit&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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It was a sign of soldiers. Later, it was popularized to ordinary men. Common people tied their hair with cloth towels, and the rich tied their hair with gold hoops, which was also used as headwear. ​&lt;br /&gt;
Arrow Sleeves - also known as &amp;quot;Arrow Suit&amp;quot;.--[[User:Zhou Xiaoxue|Zhou Xiaoxue]] ([[User talk:Zhou Xiaoxue|talk]]) 05:13, 24 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周小雪 Zhōu Xiǎoxuě 日语语言文学 女 202120081559==&lt;br /&gt;
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是一种窄袖长袍。其袖口呈斜切状，朝手背的袖口长，朝手心的袖口短，便于射箭，故名。其斜袖口又形似马蹄，故又称马蹄袖。&lt;br /&gt;
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It's a kind of robe with narrow sleeves. Its cuffs were  in a diagonal cut shape. The cuffs facing the back of the hand are long and the cuffs facing the palm are short, which is convenient for archery, so it is named Arrow Sleeves. Its oblique cuff is also shaped like a horseshoe, so it is also called horseshoe sleeve.--[[User:Zhou Xiaoxue|Zhou Xiaoxue]] ([[User talk:Zhou Xiaoxue|talk]]) 05:55, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==朱素珍 Zhū Sùzhēn 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081561==&lt;br /&gt;
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后成为一种服式，不射箭的男子也穿。​&lt;br /&gt;
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“倒像”两句──似有双关之意：一者暗指贾宝玉的化身神瑛侍者在太虚幻境用甘露浇灌林黛玉的化身绛珠仙草；&lt;br /&gt;
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Later, it became a kind of clothing style, which was also worn by men who did not shoot arrows. ​&lt;br /&gt;
Two sentences of &amp;quot;inverted image&amp;quot; -- there seems to be a pun: one implies that Jia Baoyu's incarnation Shenying waiter watered Lin Daiyu's incarnation Jiangzhu fairy grass with nectar in Taixu fantasy;--[[User:Zou Yueli|Zou Yueli]] ([[User talk:Zou Yueli|talk]]) 11:03, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邹岳丽 Zōu Yuèlí 日语语言文学 女 202120081562==&lt;br /&gt;
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再者隐寓二人心有灵犀一点通，一见锺情。下文贾宝玉说“这个妹妹我曾见过的”、“心里倒像是远别重逢的一般”，其用意同此。​&lt;br /&gt;
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In addition, it implies that the two people share the same heartand fall in love at first sight. Below, Jia Baoyu said that &amp;quot;I have seen this sister&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;I feel like I am far from meeting again&amp;quot;. His intention is the same. ​&lt;br /&gt;
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==Nadia 202011080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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请安──这里指的是清代一种见面问好的特殊礼仪：&lt;br /&gt;
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==Mahzad Heydarian 玛莎 202021080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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男子须在口称“请某某安”的同时，右膝弯曲或跪地(俗称打千)；&lt;br /&gt;
A man must bend his right knee or kneel on the ground while showing respect.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Mariam Toure 2020GBJ002301==&lt;br /&gt;
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女子则在口称“请某某安”的同时，双手扶左膝，右腿微屈，身体半蹲。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Rouabah Soumaya 202121080001==&lt;br /&gt;
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寄名锁──旧时父母为保佑幼儿长命百岁，让幼儿作僧、道的“寄名”弟子，并在幼儿项下悬挂锁形饰物，谓之“寄名锁”。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Numan 202121080002==&lt;br /&gt;
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面如傅粉──语本南朝宋·刘义庆《世说新语·容止》：&lt;br /&gt;
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==Atta Ur Rahman 202121080003==&lt;br /&gt;
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“何平叔(晏)美姿仪，面至白。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Saqib Mehran 202121080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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魏明帝疑其傅粉，正夏月，与热汤饼。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Zohaib Chand 202121080005==&lt;br /&gt;
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既啖，大汗出，以朱衣自拭，色转皎然。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==Jawad Ahmad 202121080006==&lt;br /&gt;
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(皎然：洁白貌。)原指何晏的脸上好像抹了香粉般洁白。&lt;br /&gt;
English: (Jiao Ran: pure and white appearance.) The original means, He Yan's face it's like white as powdered.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Nizam Uddin 202121080007==&lt;br /&gt;
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引申以泛喻男子姿容洁白秀美。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Öncü 202121080008==&lt;br /&gt;
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《西江月》二词──即按照《西江月》词牌填写的两首(也称“阕”)词。&lt;br /&gt;
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Two words in &amp;quot;Westlake Moon&amp;quot; According，Fill in two poems (also known as &amp;quot;Que&amp;quot;) in the poem of &amp;quot;Westlake Moon&amp;quot;.--[[User:AkiraJantarat|AkiraJantarat]] ([[User talk:AkiraJantarat|talk]]) 04:45, 21 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Akira Jantarat 202121080009==&lt;br /&gt;
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词：原本指歌曲中的文词，后来文词与曲调分离，遂变成文体之一。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Words: Originally refers to the words in the song. Later, the words and the tune were separated and became one of the styles.--[[User:AkiraJantarat|AkiraJantarat]] ([[User talk:AkiraJantarat|talk]]) 04:33, 21 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Word: It originally referred to the words in a song. In time, the words and the tune separated and became one of the styles. --[[User:Benjamin Wellsand|Benjamin Wellsand]] ([[User talk:Benjamin Wellsand|talk]]) 13:14, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Benjamin Wellsand 202111080118==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
但仍须按曲填词，于是发展出许多词牌，每个词牌都有字数、句数、韵脚等规定，还有双调、长调、小令之别。&lt;br /&gt;
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However, it is still necessary to fill in the lyrics according to the tune. So many poems have been developed. Each poem has a word count, sentence count, rhymes and other provisions, as well as the difference between two-tone, long tune, and short meter.--[[User:Benjamin Wellsand|Benjamin Wellsand]] ([[User talk:Benjamin Wellsand|talk]]) 13:10, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However, it is still necessary to fill in lyrics according to the tune, so many lyric cards have been developed. Each lyric card has regulations on the number of words, sentences, and rhymes, as well as the differences between double tune, long tune, and short meter. --[[User:Asep Budiman|Asep Budiman]] ([[User talk:Asep Budiman|talk]]) 07:58, 21 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Asep Budiman 202111080020==&lt;br /&gt;
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故作词谓之“填词”，就是按照词牌的规范填写文字，不可越雷池一步。&lt;br /&gt;
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The preceding phrase &amp;quot;filling in words&amp;quot; means to fill in the words in accordance with the specifications of the words and phrases, and do not go beyond those criteria. --[[User:Asep Budiman|Asep Budiman]] ([[User talk:Asep Budiman|talk]]) 07:56, 21 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The preceding phrase &amp;quot;filling in words&amp;quot; means to fill in the words in accordance with the specifications of the words and phrases, and do not overstep the prescribed limit. --[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 09:23, 22 December 2021 (UTC)Ei Mon Kyaw&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Ei Mon Kyaw 202111080021==&lt;br /&gt;
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《西江月》就是词牌之一。本书用了不少词牌，以下不再一一注释。​&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;Westlake Moon&amp;quot; is one of the poems. This book uses a lot of words, so I won’t annotate them one by one below. ​--[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 08:59, 22 December 2021 (UTC)Ei Mon Kyaw&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211229_homework&amp;diff=134285</id>
		<title>20211229 homework</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211229_homework&amp;diff=134285"/>
		<updated>2021-12-25T14:05:23Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Quicklinks: [[Introduction_to_Translation_Studies_2021|Back to course homepage]] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal#Frequently_asked_questions_FAQ FAQ]  [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal Manual] [[20210926_homework|Back to all homework webpages overview]] [[20220112_final_exam|final exam page]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
PLEASE READ [[Joint_translation_terms|Joint translation terms]] &lt;br /&gt;
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PLEASE ALSO READ THE PREVIOUS PARTS, AT LEAST THE SENTENCES BEFORE YOUR OWN PART IN CHAPTER 19 [[20210303_culture|1, Mar 3 Chapters 1-4]], [[20210310_culture|2, Mar 10 Chapters 6-7]], [[20210317_culture|3, Mar 17 Chapters 11-13]], [[20210324_culture|4, Mar 24 Chapters 15-17]], [[20210331_culture|5, Mar 31 Chapters 4-7]], [[20210407_culture|6, Apr 7 Chapters 8-10]], [[20210414_culture|7, Apr 14 Chapters 13-15]] , [[20210519_culture|12, May 19 Chapters 17-19]], [[20210929_homework#Hongloumeng|for Sep 29 - rest of HLM Chapter 19]] [[20211013_homework|for Oct 13 - HLM Chapters 20-21]] [[20211020_homework|for Oct 20 - HLM Chapters 21-22]] [[20211027_homework|for Oct 27 - HLM Chapters 23-24]] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈静 Chén Jìng 国别 女 202020080595==&lt;br /&gt;
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心较比干多一窍──比干：暴君商(殷)纣王之叔，被誉为圣人。据《史记·殷本纪》载：纣王厌恶比干谏诤不已，怒曰：“吾闻圣人心有七窍。”于是“剖比干，观其心”。&lt;br /&gt;
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==蔡珠凤 Cài Zhūfèng 法语语言文学 女 202120081477==&lt;br /&gt;
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古人以为心窍越多越聪明，故以“心较比干多一窍” 形容黛玉绝顶聪明。​&lt;br /&gt;
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病如西子胜三分──西子：即西施。《庄子·天运》说：“西施病心而颦(皱眉)”，益增娇艳。&lt;br /&gt;
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==曾俊霖 Zēng Jùnlín 国别 男 202120081478==&lt;br /&gt;
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故以“病如西子胜三分”形容黛玉病弱而娇美。 胜：胜过，超过。 下面贾宝玉替林黛玉起表字为“颦颦”，亦用西施颦眉之典，但又不敢明说，故编了一套谎活，杜撰了《古今人物通考》书名。​&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈惠妮 Chén Huìnī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081479==&lt;br /&gt;
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教引嬷嬷──清代专司教导年幼皇子的女子，称“谙达”。后来世家大族也仿效而行。​&lt;br /&gt;
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“花气袭人”之句：是宋·陆游《村居书喜》中的半句，原诗为七言律诗：&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈湘琼 Chén Xiāngqióng 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081480==&lt;br /&gt;
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“红桥梅市晓山横，白塔樊江春水生。花气袭人知骤暖，鹊声穿树喜新晴。坊场酒贱贫犹醉，原野泥深老亦耕。&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈心怡 Chén Xīnyí 翻译学 女 202120081481==&lt;br /&gt;
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最喜先期官赋足，经年无吏叩柴荆。”意谓因闻到花香，才知天气已经骤然暖和了。第二十三回和二十八回均引作“花气袭人知昼暖”，将“骤”误为“昼”，可能是曹雪芹误记。​&lt;br /&gt;
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==程杨 Chéng Yáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081482==&lt;br /&gt;
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省(xǐ ng醒)——典出《礼记·曲礼上》：“凡为人子之礼，冬温而夏凊，昏定而晨省。”[凊( jìng净)：凉。]&lt;br /&gt;
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==丁旋 Dīng Xuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081483==&lt;br /&gt;
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意谓子女冬天要为父母焐暖被褥，夏天要为父母扇凉床席，每天早上要向父母请安问好，晚上要服侍父母安寝。泛指子女对父母的孝敬无微不至。故“省”即“晨省”的略称。&lt;br /&gt;
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==杜莉娜 Dù Lìnuó 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081484==&lt;br /&gt;
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指子女早晨向父母请安问候的礼节。​&lt;br /&gt;
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第四回 薄命女偏逢薄命郎，葫芦僧判断葫芦案&lt;br /&gt;
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==付红岩 Fù Hóngyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081485==&lt;br /&gt;
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却说黛玉同姐妹们至王夫人处，见王夫人正和兄嫂处的来使计议家务，又说姨母家遭人命官司等语。因见王夫人事情冗杂，姐妹们遂出来 ,至寡嫂李氏房中来了。原来这李氏即贾珠之妻。&lt;br /&gt;
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==付诗雨 Fù Shīyǔ 日语语言文学 女 202120081486==&lt;br /&gt;
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珠虽夭亡，幸存一子，取名贾兰，今方五岁，已入学攻书。这李氏亦系金陵名宦之女。父名李守中，曾为国子祭酒；族中男女无不读诗书者。&lt;br /&gt;
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Although Bead Merchant had died at an early age, he had the good fortune of leaving behind him a son, to whom the name of Cymbidium Merchant was given. He was, at this period, just in his fifth year, and had already entered school, and applied himself to books. This Silk Plum was also the daughter of an official of note in Gold Mausoleum. Her father's name was Midfielder Plum, who had, at one time, been Imperial Libationer. Among his kindred, men as well as women had all devoted themselves to poetry and letters. --[[User:Fu Shiyu|Fu Shiyu]] ([[User talk:Fu Shiyu|talk]]) 07:24, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==高蜜 Gāo Mì 翻译学 女 202120081487==&lt;br /&gt;
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至李守中继续以来，便谓“女子无才便是德”，故生了此女，不曾叫他十分认真读书，只不过将些 《女四书》、 《烈女传》读读，认得几个字，记得前朝这几个贤女便了；&lt;br /&gt;
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==宫博雅 Gōng Bóyǎ 俄语语言文学 女 202120081488==&lt;br /&gt;
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却以纺绩女红为要，因取名为李纨，字宫裁。所以这李纨虽青春丧偶，且居处于膏粱锦绣之中，竟如槁木死灰一般，一概不问不闻，惟知侍亲养子，闲时陪侍小姑等针黹、诵读而已。&lt;br /&gt;
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==何芩 Hé Qín 翻译学 女 202120081489==&lt;br /&gt;
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今黛玉虽客居于此，已有这几个姑嫂相伴，除老父之外，馀者也就无用虑了。如今且说贾雨村授了应天府，一到任，就有件人命官司详至案下，却是两家争买一婢，各不相让，以致殴伤人命。彼时雨村即拘原告来审。&lt;br /&gt;
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==胡舒情 Hú Shūqíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081490==&lt;br /&gt;
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那原告道：“被打死的乃是小人的主人。因那日买了个丫头，不想系拐子拐来卖的。这拐子先已得了我家的银子，我家小主人原说第二日方是好日，再接入门；&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄锦云 Huáng Jǐnyún 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081491==&lt;br /&gt;
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这拐子又悄悄的卖与了薛家，被我们知道了，去找拿卖主，夺取丫头。无奈薛家原系金陵一霸，倚财仗势，众豪奴将我小主人竟打死了。凶身主仆已皆逃走，无有踪迹，只剩了几个局外的人。&lt;br /&gt;
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But this kidnapper stealthily sold her over again to the Hsueeh family. When we came to know of this, we went in search of the seller to lay hold of him, and bring back the girl by force. But the Hsueeh party has been all along the bully of Chin Ling, full of confidence in his wealth and prestige; and his arrogant menials in a body seized our master and beat him to death.The murderous master and his crew have all long ago made good their escape, leaving no trace behind them, while there only remain several parties not concerned in the affair. --[[User:Huang Jinyun|Huang Jinyun]] ([[User talk:Huang Jinyun|talk]]) 13:37, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄逸妍 Huáng Yìyán 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081492==&lt;br /&gt;
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小人告了一年的状，竟无人作主。求太老爷拘拿凶犯，以扶善良，存殁感激天恩不尽！”雨村听了，大怒道：“那有这等事：打死人竟白白的走了，拿不来的？”&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄柱梁 Huáng Zhùliáng 国别 男 202120081493==&lt;br /&gt;
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便发签差公人，立刻将凶犯家属拿来拷问。只见案旁站着一个门子，使眼色不叫他发签。雨村心下狐疑，只得停了手。&lt;br /&gt;
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==金晓童 Jīn Xiǎotóng  202120081494==&lt;br /&gt;
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退堂至密室，令从人退去，只留这门子一人伏侍。门子忙上前请安，笑问：“老爷一向加官进禄，八九年来，就忘了我了？”&lt;br /&gt;
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==邝艳丽 Kuàng Yànl 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081495==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村道：“我看你十分眼熟，但一时总想不起来。”门子笑道：“老爷怎么把出身之地竟忘了？老爷不记得当年葫芦庙里的事么？”雨村大惊，方想起往事。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李爱璇 Lǐ Àixuán 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081496==&lt;br /&gt;
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原来这门子本是葫芦庙里一个小沙弥，因被火之后无处安身，想这件生意倒还轻省，耐不得寺院凄凉，遂趁年纪轻，蓄了发，充当门子。雨村那里想得是他。&lt;br /&gt;
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It turned out that the gatekeeper was originally a little monk in Bottle-gourd Temple. Because he had no place to settle down after the temple being burned by the fire, he thought this business was easy and could not bear the desolation of the temple. So he saved his hair and acted as a gatekeeper while he was young. Yue-ts'un didn't think it was him.--[[User:Li Aixuan|Li Aixuan]] ([[User talk:Li Aixuan|talk]]) 07:10, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李瑞洋 Lǐ Ruìyáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081497==&lt;br /&gt;
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便忙携手笑道：“原来还是故人。”因赏他坐了说话。这门子不敢坐。雨村笑道：“你也算贫贱之交了。此系私室，但坐不妨。”门子才斜签着坐下。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李姗 Lǐ Shān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081498==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村道：“方才何故不令发签？”门子道：“老爷荣任到此，难道就没抄一张本省的‘护官符’来不成？”雨村忙问：“何为‘护官符’？”&lt;br /&gt;
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Chia Yu-tsun asked, &amp;quot;Why did you not grant me the passport just now?&amp;quot; The doorman answered that &amp;quot;Your Excellency, when you are to assume office here, haven't you hold some relations to a guard officer? &amp;quot; Yu-tsun was confused and thus continued, &amp;quot;guard officer?&amp;quot;.--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 13:30, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李双 Lǐ Shuāng 翻译学 女 202120081499==&lt;br /&gt;
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门子道：“如今凡作地方官的，都有一个私单，上面写的是本省最有权势极富贵的大乡绅名姓，各省皆然。倘若不知，一时触犯了这样的人家，不但官爵，只怕连性命也难保呢！&lt;br /&gt;
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==李文璇 Lǐ Wénxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081500==&lt;br /&gt;
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所以叫做‘护官符’。方才所说的这薛家，老爷如何惹得他！他这件官司并无难断之处，从前的官府都因碍着情分脸面，所以如此。”&lt;br /&gt;
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“So it was called “the amulet of protection from the feudal official. The family Xue we talked just now, we can’t offend them, my lord. His lawsuit had no difficulty, however, the former official had trouble in the relationship, thus causing the situation then.”.  --[[User:Li Wenxuan|Li Wenxuan]] ([[User talk:Li Wenxuan|talk]]) 09:46, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李雯 Lǐ Wén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081501==&lt;br /&gt;
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一面说，一面从顺袋中取出一张抄的“护官符”来，递与雨村看时，上面皆是本地大族名宦之家的俗谚口碑，云：贾不假，白玉为堂金作马。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李新星 Lǐ Xīnxīng 亚非语言文学 女 202120081503==&lt;br /&gt;
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阿房宫，三百里，住不下金陵一个史。东海缺少白玉床，龙王来请金陵王。丰年好大雪，珍珠如土金如铁。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李怡 Lǐ Yí 法语语言文学 女 202120081504==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村尚未看完，忽闻传点，报：“王老爷来拜。”雨村忙具衣冠接迎，有顿饭工夫，方回来问这门子。门子道：“四家皆连络有亲，一损俱损，一荣俱荣。&lt;br /&gt;
Yucun has not finished reading, suddenly smell spread point, report: &amp;quot;Wang master came to visit.&amp;quot; Yucun hurriedly arranged his clothes to meet him and had a meal before he came back to ask about it. Siemens way: &amp;quot;the four are connected to have relatives, a failure other destroyed, a glory other glory.--[[User:Li Yi|Li Yi]] ([[User talk:Li Yi|talk]]) 06:45, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Yucun has not finished reading, but suddenly heard from the messenger saying : &amp;quot;Wang master come to visit.&amp;quot; Yucun hurriedly arranged his clothes to welcome him. Only after a meal did he come back to ask Menzi, who said: &amp;quot;the four families are closely connected, so do their  honor and failure.--[[User:Liu Peiting|Liu Peiting]] ([[User talk:Liu Peiting|talk]]) 07:12, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘沛婷 Liú Pèitíng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081505==&lt;br /&gt;
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今告打死人之薛，就是‘丰年大雪’之薛。不单靠这三家，他的世交亲友在都在外的本也不少，老爷如今拿谁去？”雨村听说，便笑问门子道：“这样说来，却怎么了结此案？&lt;br /&gt;
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The xue of killing people is the xue of 'heavy snow in the year of plenty'. He has not only these three families, but also many family friends and relatives who are away from home. Who are you going to take now?&amp;quot; Rain village heard, then smiled and asked Siemens way: &amp;quot;So say, but how to settle the case?--[[User:Liu Peiting|Liu Peiting]] ([[User talk:Liu Peiting|talk]]) 07:05, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘胜楠 Liú Shèngnán 翻译学 女 202120081506==&lt;br /&gt;
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你大约也深知这凶犯躲的方向了？”门子笑道：“不瞒老爷说，不但这凶犯躲的方向，并这拐的人我也知道，死鬼买主也深知道，待我细说与老爷听：&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘薇 Liú Wēi 国别 女 202120081507==&lt;br /&gt;
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这个被打死的是一个小乡宦之子，名唤冯渊，父母俱亡，又无兄弟，守着些薄产度日。年纪十八九岁，酷爱男风，不好女色。这也是前生冤孽，可巧遇见这丫头，他便一眼看上了，立意买来作妾，设誓不近男色，也不再娶第二个了。&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘晓 Liú Xiǎo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081508==&lt;br /&gt;
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所以郑重其事，必得三日后方进门。谁知这拐子又偷卖与薛家，他意欲卷了两家的银子逃去；谁知又走不脱，两家拿住，打了个半死，都不肯收银，各要领人。&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘越 Liú Yuè 亚非语言文学 女 202120081509==&lt;br /&gt;
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那薛公子便喝令下人动手，将冯公子打了个稀烂，抬回去三日竟死了。这薛公子原择下日子要上京的，既打了人，夺了丫头，他便没事人一般，只管带了家眷走他的路，并非为此而逃；&lt;br /&gt;
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He then rudely ordered his subordinates to do something about it, and beat Feng up so badly that he was carried home and died within three days. The Duke of Xue had intended to go to the capital in a few days, and since he had beaten and robbed the maid, he acted as if nothing had happened, and simply took his family away, not because of this escape;--[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 06:59, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘运心 Liú Yùnxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081510==&lt;br /&gt;
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这人命些些小事，自有他弟兄、奴仆在此料理。这且别说，老爷可知这被卖的丫头是谁？”雨村道：“我如何晓得？”门子冷笑道：“这人还是老爷的大恩人呢！&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗安怡 Luó Ānyí 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081511==&lt;br /&gt;
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他就是葫芦庙旁住的甄老爷的女儿，小名英莲的。”雨村骇然道：“原来是他！听见他自五岁被人拐去，怎么如今才卖呢？”门子道：“这种拐子单拐幼女，养至十二三岁，带至他乡转卖。&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗曦 Luó Xī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081512==&lt;br /&gt;
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当日这英莲，我们天天哄他玩耍，极相熟的，所以隔了七八年，虽模样儿出脱的齐整，然大段未改，所以认得；且他眉心中原有米粒大的一点胭脂记，从胎里带来的。&lt;br /&gt;
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==马新 Mǎ Xīn 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081513==&lt;br /&gt;
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偏这拐子又租了我的房子居住，那日拐子不在家，我也曾问他。他说是打怕了的，万不敢说，只说拐子是他的亲爹，因无钱还债才卖的。再四哄他，他又哭了，只说：‘我原不记得小时的事。’&lt;br /&gt;
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The trafficker had rented my house to live in by coincidence. I had ever asked her one day when the trafficker was not at home. She said that she dared not to say anything after being attacked for a long time, and only answered that he was her father who sold her to pay off the debts. By coaxing her for several times, she cried again and said that &amp;quot;I don’t remember what happened when I was a child&amp;quot;.--[[User:Ma Xin|Ma Xin]] ([[User talk:Ma Xin|talk]]) 07:14, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The kidnapper just happened to rent the houses from me. One day, when he was not at home, I asked her about such a thing. She told me that she was afraid to say anything after being beaten so much; she only insisted that he was her father who sold her to pay off his debts. When I tried repeatedly to coax it out of her, she burst into tears and said that 'I do not remember what happened in my childhood.'--[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 08:29, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛雅文 Máo Yǎwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081514==&lt;br /&gt;
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这无可疑了。那日冯公子相见了，兑了银子，因拐子醉了，英莲自叹说：‘我今日罪孽可满了！’后又听见三日后才过门，他又转有忧愁之态。&lt;br /&gt;
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There is not doubt that the girl who was carried off by the kidnapper is Yinglian all right. The day when Feng Yuan met her and paid down his silver, the kidnapper had got drunk. And then, Yinglian sighed, 'I am overwhelmed by my sins today!' However, her gloom started deepening again, when she heard that Feng Yuan would not be coming and picking her up for three days.--[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 08:14, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛优 Máo Yōu 俄语语言文学 女 202120081515==&lt;br /&gt;
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我又不忍，等拐子出去，又叫内人去解劝他：‘这冯公子必待好日期来接，可知必不以丫鬟相看。况他是个绝风流人品，家里颇过得，素性又最厌恶堂客，今竟破价买你，后事不言可知。&lt;br /&gt;
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==牟一心 Móu Yīxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081516==&lt;br /&gt;
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只耐得三两日，何必忧闷？’他听如此说，方略解些，自谓从此得所。谁料天下竟有不如意事，第二日，他偏又卖与了薛家。&lt;br /&gt;
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Only for three or two days, why bother to be depressed? Hearing this, he relieved a little bit, saying that he would get a place to settle since then. Unexpectedly, everything is never perfect. On the next day, he was sold to the Xue.--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 07:13, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==彭瑞雪 Péng Ruìxuě 法语语言文学 女 202120081517==&lt;br /&gt;
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若卖与第二家还好，这薛公子的混名，人称他‘呆霸王’，最是天下第一个弄性尚气的人，而且使钱如土。只打了个落花流水，生拖死拽，把个英莲拖去，如今也不知死活。&lt;br /&gt;
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==秦建安 Qín Jiànān 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081518==&lt;br /&gt;
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这冯公子空喜一场，一念未遂，反花了钱，送了命，岂不可叹！”雨村听了，也叹道：“这也是他们的孽障遭遇，亦非偶然，不然这冯渊如何偏只看上了这英莲？&lt;br /&gt;
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==邱婷婷 Qiū Tíngtíng 英语语言文学（语言学）女 202120081519==&lt;br /&gt;
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这英莲受了拐子这几年折磨，才得了个路头，且又是个多情的，若果聚合了，倒是件美事，偏又生出这段事来。这薛家纵比冯家富贵，想其为人，自然姬妾众多，淫佚无度，未必及冯渊定情于一人。&lt;br /&gt;
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==饶金盈 Ráo Jīnyíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081520==&lt;br /&gt;
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这正是梦幻情缘，恰遇见一对薄命儿女。且不要议论他人，只目今这官司如何剖断才好？”门子笑道：“老爷当年何其明决，今日何反成个没主意的人了？&lt;br /&gt;
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It should be the love of dream, only to be an ill-fated couple. Don’t talk about others for the moment. It’s crucial that this case be judged properly.” The servant said with a smile, “ how decisive you were in those days. Why are you so irresolute at the present ?”--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 07:31, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==石丽青 Shí Lìqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081521==&lt;br /&gt;
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小的听见老爷补升此任，系贾府、王府之力。此薛蟠即贾府之亲，老爷何不顺水行舟，做个人情，将此案了结，日后也好去见贾、王二公。”&lt;br /&gt;
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I heard that you respected master assumed office with the help of Jia Mansion and Wang Mansion. Xue Pan is a relative of Jia Mansion. Why don’t you do him a special favor, making use of the opportunity to settle the case, so that you can make a smooth explanation to master Jia and Wang in days to come.”--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 07:03, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==孙雅诗 Sūn Yǎshī 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081522==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村道：“你说的何尝不是，但事关人命，蒙皇上隆恩，起复委用，正竭力图报之时，岂可因私枉法？是实不忍为的。”门子听了，冷笑道：&lt;br /&gt;
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==王李菲 Wáng Lǐfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081523==&lt;br /&gt;
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“老爷说的自是正理，但如今世上是行不去的。岂不闻古人说的：‘大丈夫相时而动。’又说：‘趋吉避凶者为君子。’依老爷这话，不但不能报效朝廷，亦且自身不保，还要三思为妥。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==王逸凡 Wáng Yìfán 亚非语言文学 女 202120081524==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村低了头，半日方说道：“依你怎么着？”门子道：“小人已想了个很好的主意在此：老爷明日坐堂，只管虚张声势，动文书，发签拿人。&lt;br /&gt;
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==王镇隆 Wáng Zhènlóng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 男 202120081525==&lt;br /&gt;
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凶犯自然是拿不来的，原告固是不依，只用将薛家族人及奴仆人等拿几个来拷问；小的在暗中调停，令他们报个‘暴病身亡’，合族中及地方上共递一张保呈。&lt;br /&gt;
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==卫怡雯 Wèi Yíwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081526==&lt;br /&gt;
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老爷只说善能扶鸾请仙，堂上设了乩坛，令军民人等只管来看。老爷便说：‘乩仙批了，死者冯渊与薛蟠原系夙孽，今犯狭路相遇，原应了结：&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏楚璇 Wèi Chǔxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081527==&lt;br /&gt;
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今薛蟠已得了无名之病，被冯渊的魂魄追索而死。其祸皆由拐子而起，除将拐子按法处治外，馀不累及’等语。小人暗中嘱咐拐子，令其实招。&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏兆妍 Wèi Zhàoyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081528==&lt;br /&gt;
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众人见乩仙批语与拐子相符，自然不疑了。薛家有的是钱，老爷断一千也可，五百也可，与冯家作烧埋之费。那冯家也无甚要紧的人，不过为的是钱，有了银子，也就无话了。&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴婧悦 Wú Jìngyuè 俄语语言文学 女 202120081529==&lt;br /&gt;
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老爷细想，此计如何？”雨村笑道：“不妥，不妥。等我再斟酌斟酌，压服得口声才好。”二人计议已定。至次日坐堂，勾取一干有名人犯，雨村详加审问。&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴映红 Wú Yìnghóng 日语语言文学 女 202120081530==&lt;br /&gt;
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果见冯家人口稀少，不过赖此欲得些烧埋之银；薛家仗势倚情，偏不相让：故致颠倒未决。雨村便徇情枉法，胡乱判断了此案。&lt;br /&gt;
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==肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531==&lt;br /&gt;
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冯家得了许多烧埋银子，也就无甚话说了。雨村便疾忙修书二封与贾政并京营节度使王子腾，不过说“令甥之事已完，不必过虑”之言寄去。&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532==&lt;br /&gt;
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此事皆由葫芦庙内沙弥新门子所为，雨村又恐他对人说出当日贫贱时事来，因此心中大不乐意。后来到底寻了他一个不是，远远的充发了才罢。当下言不着雨村。&lt;br /&gt;
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It was all done by a novice monk Xinmenzi in Gourd Temple. Yucun was afraid that he would tell people about the awful current affairs of that day, so he was very unsatisfied. Later, Yucan pick holes in him , and banished him far away. Now, there was no one talking about bad things about Yucun.--[[User:Xie Jiafen|Xie Jiafen]] ([[User talk:Xie Jiafen|talk]]) 14:05, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢庆琳 Xiè Qìnglín 俄语语言文学 女 202120081533==&lt;br /&gt;
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且说那买了英莲、打死冯渊的薛公子，亦系金陵人氏，本是书香继世之家。只是如今这薛公子幼年丧父，寡母又怜他是个独根孤种，未免溺爱纵容些，遂致老大无成；&lt;br /&gt;
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==熊敏 Xióng Mǐn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081534==&lt;br /&gt;
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且家中有百万之富，现领着内帑钱粮，采办杂料。这薛公子学名薛蟠，表字文起，性情奢侈，言语傲慢；虽也上过学，不过略识几个字，终日惟有斗鸡走马，游山玩景而已。&lt;br /&gt;
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==徐敏赟 Xú Mǐnyūn 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 男 202120081535==&lt;br /&gt;
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虽是皇商，一应经纪世事全然不知，不过赖祖、父旧日的情分，户部挂个虚名，支领钱粮；其馀事体，自有伙计、老家人等措办。&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜静 Yán Jìng 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 女 202120081536==&lt;br /&gt;
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寡母王氏，乃现任京营节度使王子腾之妹，与荣国府贾政的夫人王氏是一母所生的姊妹，今年方五十上下，只有薛蟠一子。还有一女，比薛蟠小两岁，乳名宝钗，生得肌骨莹润，举止娴雅。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==颜莉莉 Yán Lìlì 国别 女 202120081537==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
当时他父亲在日极爱此女，令其读书识字，较之乃兄竟高十倍。自父亲死后，见哥哥不能安慰母心，他便不以书字为念，只留心针黹、家计等事，好为母亲分忧代劳。&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜子涵 Yán Zǐhán 国别 女 202120081538==&lt;br /&gt;
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近因今上崇尚诗礼，征采才能，降不世之隆恩，除聘选妃嫔外，凡世宦名家之女，皆得亲名达部，以备选择为公主、郡主入学陪侍，充为才人、赞善之职。&lt;br /&gt;
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==阳佳颖 Yáng Jiāyǐng 国别 女 202120081540==&lt;br /&gt;
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自薛蟠父亲死后，各省中所有的买卖承局、总管、伙计人等，见薛蟠年轻不谙世事，便趁时拐骗起来，京都几处生意，渐亦销耗。&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨爱江 Yáng Àijiāng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081541==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
薛蟠素闻得都中乃第一繁华之地，正思一游，便趁此机会：一来送妹待选；二来望亲；三来亲自入部销算旧账，再计新支；其实只为游览上国风光之意。&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨堃 Yáng Kūn 法语语言文学 女 202120081542==&lt;br /&gt;
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因此早已检点下行装细软，以及馈送亲友各色土物人情等类，正择日起身，不想偏遇着那拐子卖英莲。薛蟠见英莲生的不俗，立意买了作妾，又遇冯家来夺，因恃强喝令豪奴将冯渊打死。&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨柳青 Yáng Liǔqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081543==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
便将家中事务，一一嘱托了族中人并几个老家人；自己同着母亲、妹子，竟自起身长行去了。人命官司，他却视为儿戏，自谓花上几个钱，没有不了的。&lt;br /&gt;
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==叶维杰 Yè Wéijié 国别 男 202120081544==&lt;br /&gt;
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在路不计其日。那日已将入都，又听见母舅王子腾升了九省统制，奉旨出都查边。薛蟠心中暗喜道：“我正愁进京去有舅舅管辖，不能任意挥霍；如今升出去，可知天从人愿。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==易扬帆 Yì Yángfān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081545==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
因和母亲商议道：“咱们京中虽有几处房舍，只是这十来年没人居住，那看守的人未免偷着租赁给人住，须得先着人去打扫收拾才好。”他母亲道：“何必如此招摇？”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So he discussed with his mother, &amp;quot;Although we have a few premises in the capital, no one has lived there for ten years, the guards may sneakily rent to people to live, we must first ask someone to clean and tidy up.&amp;quot; His mother said, &amp;quot;Why do you have to be so flashy? &amp;quot;--[[User:Yi Yangfan|Yi Yangfan]] ([[User talk:Yi Yangfan|talk]]) 09:23, 25 December 2021 (UTC)Yi Yangfan&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So he discussed with his mother, &amp;quot;Although we have a few houses in the capital, no one has lived there for ten years. The guards may sneakily rent the house to other people, so we must first send someone to tidy up the house. His mother said, &amp;quot;Why do you have to be so flashy? &amp;quot;--[[User:Yin Huizhen|Yin Huizhen]] ([[User talk:Yin Huizhen|talk]]) 13:50, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷慧珍 Yīn Huìzhēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081546==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
咱们这进京去，原是先拜望亲友，或是在你舅舅处，或是你姨父家，他两家的房舍极是宽敞的，咱们且住下，再慢慢儿的着人去收拾，岂不消停些？”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Now we go to the capital Beijing,  and we should visit our relatives first. Your uncle‘s or your aunt‘s husband’s house are good choices, and their houses are very spacious. Let's stay there for a while and then send someone to clean up the house，and it will be more inconspicuous.--[[User:Yin Huizhen|Yin Huizhen]] ([[User talk:Yin Huizhen|talk]]) 13:38, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷美达 Yīn Měidá 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081547==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
薛蟠道：“如今舅舅正升了外省去，家里自然忙乱起身，咱们这会子反一窝一拖的奔了去，岂不没眼色呢？”他母亲道：“你舅舅虽升了去，还有你姨父家。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==尹媛 Yǐn Yuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081548==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
况这几年来，你舅舅、姨娘两处，每每带信捎书接咱们来；如今既来了，你舅舅虽忙着起身，你贾家的姨娘未必不苦留我们，咱们且忙忙的收拾房子，岂不使人见怪？你的意思，我早知道了：&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==詹若萱 Zhān Ruòxuān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081549==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
守着舅舅、姨母住着，未免拘紧了；不如各自住着，好任意施为。你既如此，你自去挑所宅子去住；我和你姨娘，姊妹们别了这几年，却要住几日，我带了你妹子去投你姨娘家去。你道好不好？”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==张秋怡 Zhāng Qiūyí 亚非语言文学 女 202120081550==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
薛蟠见母亲如此说，情知扭不过，只得吩咐人夫，一路奔荣国府而来。那时王夫人已知薛蟠官司一事，亏贾雨村就中维持了，才放了心。&lt;br /&gt;
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==张扬 Zhāng Yáng 国别 男 202120081551==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
又见哥哥升了边缺，正愁少了娘家的亲戚来往，略觉寂寞。过了几日，忽家人报：“姨太太带了哥儿、姐儿，合家进京，在门外下车了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==张怡然 Zhāng Yírán 俄语语言文学 女 202120081552==&lt;br /&gt;
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喜的王夫人忙带了人，接到大厅上，将薛姨妈等接进去了。姊妹们一朝相见，悲喜交集，自不必说。叙了一番契阔，又引着拜见贾母，将人情土物各种酬献了，合家俱厮见过，又治席接风。&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟义菲 Zhōng Yìfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081553==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
薛蟠拜见过贾政、贾琏，又引着见了贾赦、贾珍等。贾政便使人进来对王夫人说：“姨太太已有了年纪，外甥年轻，不知庶务，在外住着，恐又要生事。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Xue Pan met Jia Zheng and Jia Lian and introduced Jia She and Jia Zhen. Jia Zheng sent someone in and said to Mrs. Wang, &amp;quot;my aunt is old, and my nephew is young. He doesn't know about general affairs. If he is living outside, I am afraid that something will happen again.--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 10:10, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Xue Pan met Jia Zheng and Jia Lian and introduced Jia She and Jia Zhen. Jia Zheng sent someone in and said to Mrs. Wang, &amp;quot;my aunt is old, and my nephew is young. He doesn't know about general affairs. If he lives outside, I am afraid that he will make some trouble.--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 13:01, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟雨露 Zhōng Yǔlù 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081554==&lt;br /&gt;
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咱们东南角上梨香院那一所房十来间白空闲着，叫人请了姨太太和姐儿、哥儿住了甚好。”王夫人原要留住。贾母也遣人来说：“请姨太太就在这里住下，大家亲密些。”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
“We have a room in the southeast corner of the Li Xiang courtyard that is vacant, and ask someone to invite the aunt and sister and brother to live here.” Mrs. Wang originally wanted to stay. Mrs. Jia also sent someone to say: “Please invite the aunt to stay here, the relationship between us will be closer.”--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 12:58, 25 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周玖 Zhōu Jiǔ 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081555==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
薛姨妈正欲同居一处，方可拘紧些儿子；若另住在外边，又恐他纵性惹祸：遂忙应允。又私与王夫人说明：“一应日费供给，一概都免，方是处常之法。”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==周俊辉 Zhōu Jùnhuī 法语语言文学 女 202120081556==&lt;br /&gt;
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王夫人知他家不难于此，遂亦从其自便。从此后，薛家母女就在梨香院住了。原来这梨香院乃当日荣公暮年养静之所，小小巧巧，约有十馀间房舍，前厅后舍俱全。&lt;br /&gt;
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==周巧 Zhōu Qiǎo 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081557==&lt;br /&gt;
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另有一门通街，薛蟠的家人就走此门出入。西南上又有一个角门，通着夹道子，出了夹道，便是王夫人正房的东院了。每日或饭后或晚间，薛姨妈便过来，或与贾母闲谈，或与王夫人相叙；&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==周清 Zhōu Qīng 法语语言文学 女 202120081558==&lt;br /&gt;
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宝钗日与黛玉、迎春姊妹等一处，或看书下棋，或做针黹：倒也十分相安。只是薛蟠起初原不欲在贾府中居住，生恐姨父管束，不得自在。无奈母亲执意在此，且贾宅中又十分殷勤苦留，只得暂且住下；&lt;br /&gt;
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==周小雪 Zhōu Xiǎoxuě 日语语言文学 女 202120081559==&lt;br /&gt;
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一面使人打扫出自家的房屋，再移居过去。谁知自此间住了不上一月，贾宅族中凡有的子侄，俱已认熟了一半，都是那些纨袴气习，莫不喜与他来往。&lt;br /&gt;
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==朱素珍 Zhū Sùzhēn 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081561==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
今日会酒，明日观花，甚至聚赌嫖娼，无所不至，引诱的薛蟠比当日更坏了十倍。虽说贾政训子有方，治家有法，一则族大人多，照管不到；二则现在房长乃是贾珍，彼乃宁府长孙，又现袭职，凡族中事，都是他掌管；&lt;br /&gt;
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==邹岳丽 Zōu Yuèlí 日语语言文学 女 202120081562==&lt;br /&gt;
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三则公私冗杂，且素性潇洒，不以俗事为要，每公暇之时，不过看书、着棋而已；况这梨香院相隔两层房舍，又有街门别开，任意可以出入：&lt;br /&gt;
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==Nadia 202011080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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这些子弟们所以只管放意畅怀的，因此薛蟠遂将移居之念渐渐打灭了。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Mahzad Heydarian 玛莎 202021080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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日后如何，下回分解。葫芦僧判断葫芦案──&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Mariam Toure 2020GBJ002301==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
“葫芦”的谐音为糊涂，故其意谓糊涂僧糊涂判案。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Rouabah Soumaya 202121080001==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
指知县贾雨村按照现为衙门门子而原为葫芦庙小沙弥的主意糊里糊涂判结了薛蟠强买甄英莲并打死人命一案。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Zhizhi County Jia Yucun was confused and convicted the case of Xue Panqiang buying Zhen Yinglian and killing people based on the idea that he is now Yamenzi but was originally a young novice monk in the Gourd Temple.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Muhammad Numan 202121080002==&lt;br /&gt;
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女子无才便是德──语出明·张岱《公祭祁夫人文》：&lt;br /&gt;
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==Atta Ur Rahman 202121080003==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
“(陈)眉公曰：‘丈夫有德便是才，女子无才便是德。’此语殊为未确。”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Muhammad Saqib Mehran 202121080004==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(又见清·石成金《家训钞》引)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Zohaib Chand 202121080005==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
意谓女子如果读书识字，便可能受到小说、戏曲的不良影响，做出伤风败俗的事，倒不如不识字而能保持妇德。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Jawad Ahmad 202121080006==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
《女四书》、《列女传》──都是记述历代贤德女子的事迹，以宣扬封建妇德的书。&lt;br /&gt;
 English:The Four Books on Women and the Biography of Lienu ─ ─ both describe the deeds of &lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
 virtuous women in past dynasties to publicize the feudal virtues of women.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Nizam Uddin 202121080007==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
《女四书》：明·王相模仿南宋·朱熹所编《四书》而辑成，包括东汉·班昭的《女诫》、唐·宋若莘和宋若昭的《女论语》、明·永乐皇后徐氏的《内训》、王相之母刘氏的《女范捷录》四种专讲女德的书，故称。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Öncü 202121080008==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
《列女传》：西汉·刘向编撰。全书七卷，每卷为一类，分别为母仪、贤明、仁智、贞顺、节义、辩通、嬖孽，共收妇女故事一百零四则。​&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Akira Jantarat 202121080009==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
纺绩女红(gōng工)──泛指女子应做的家务活计。 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Benjamin Wellsand 202111080118==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
纺绩：“纺”是把丝纺成纱，“绩”是把麻绩成线。 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Asep Budiman 202111080020==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
女红：又作“女工”或“女功”。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Ei Mon Kyaw 202111080021==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
是指纺织、缝纫、刺绣等。&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211222_homework&amp;diff=134052</id>
		<title>20211222 homework</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211222_homework&amp;diff=134052"/>
		<updated>2021-12-20T07:02:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Quicklinks: [[Introduction_to_Translation_Studies_2021|Back to course homepage]] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal#Frequently_asked_questions_FAQ FAQ]  [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal Manual] [[20210926_homework|Back to all homework webpages overview]] [[20220112_final_exam|final exam page]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
PLEASE READ [[Joint_translation_terms|Joint translation terms]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
PLEASE ALSO READ THE PREVIOUS PARTS, AT LEAST THE SENTENCES BEFORE YOUR OWN PART IN CHAPTER 19 [[20210303_culture|1, Mar 3 Chapters 1-4]], [[20210310_culture|2, Mar 10 Chapters 6-7]], [[20210317_culture|3, Mar 17 Chapters 11-13]], [[20210324_culture|4, Mar 24 Chapters 15-17]], [[20210331_culture|5, Mar 31 Chapters 4-7]], [[20210407_culture|6, Apr 7 Chapters 8-10]], [[20210414_culture|7, Apr 14 Chapters 13-15]] , [[20210519_culture|12, May 19 Chapters 17-19]], [[20210929_homework#Hongloumeng|for Sep 29 - rest of HLM Chapter 19]] [[20211013_homework|for Oct 13 - HLM Chapters 20-21]] [[20211020_homework|for Oct 20 - HLM Chapters 21-22]] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==陈静 Chén Jìng 国别 女 202020080595==&lt;br /&gt;
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闲静似娇花照水，行动如弱柳扶风。心较比干多一窍，病如西子胜三分。宝玉看罢，笑道：“这个妹妹我曾见过的。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==蔡珠凤 Cài Zhūfèng 法语语言文学 女 202120081477==&lt;br /&gt;
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贾母笑道：“又胡说了，你何曾见过？”宝玉笑道：“虽没见过，却看着面善，心里倒像是远别重逢的一般。”贾母笑道：“好，好！这么更相和睦了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==曾俊霖 Zēng Jùnlín 国别 男 202120081478==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
宝玉便走向黛玉身边坐下，又细细打量一番，因问：“妹妹可曾读书？”黛玉道：“不曾读书，只上了一年学，些须认得几个字。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈惠妮 Chén Huìnī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081479==&lt;br /&gt;
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宝玉又道：“妹妹尊名？”黛玉便说了名。宝玉又道：“表字？”黛玉道：“无字。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈湘琼 Chén Xiāngqióng 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081480==&lt;br /&gt;
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宝玉笑道：“我送妹妹一字：莫若‘颦颦’二字极妙。”探春便道：“何处出典？”宝玉道：“《古今人物通考》上说：&lt;br /&gt;
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Baoyu smiled and said:&amp;quot; I want to describe you with two words—Ping Ping, and no words are better than them.&amp;quot; Tanchun then asked:&amp;quot;In which book did you find them?&amp;quot; Baoyu said:&amp;quot; On ''General Study of Ancient and Modern Characters''&amp;quot;--[[User:Chen Xiangqiong|Chen Xiangqiong]] ([[User talk:Chen Xiangqiong|talk]]) 01:04, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈心怡 Chén Xīnyí 翻译学 女 202120081481==&lt;br /&gt;
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‘西方有石名黛，可代画眉之墨。’况这妹妹眉尖若蹙，取这个字，岂不甚美？”探春笑道：“只怕又是杜撰。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==程杨 Chéng Yáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081482==&lt;br /&gt;
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宝玉笑道：“除了《四书》，杜撰的也太多呢。”因又问黛玉：“可有玉没有？”众人都不解。&lt;br /&gt;
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==丁旋 Dīng Xuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081483==&lt;br /&gt;
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黛玉便忖度着：“因他有玉，所以才问我的。”便答道：“我没有玉。你那玉也是件稀罕物儿，岂能人人皆有？”&lt;br /&gt;
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==杜莉娜 Dù Lìnuó 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081484==&lt;br /&gt;
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宝玉听了，登时发作起狂病来，摘下那玉就狠命摔去，骂道：“什么罕物！人的高下不识，还说灵不灵呢！我也不要这劳什子！”&lt;br /&gt;
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After hearing that,Precious Jade Merchant suddenly went mad. And he took off and dropped the jade with cursing that “What the hell is a rare thing! You all say that it is divine, but it can't tell lowliness or nobleness.I won't have the waste now!” --[[User:Du Lina|Du Lina]] ([[User talk:Du Lina|talk]]) 12:29, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==付红岩 Fù Hóngyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081485==&lt;br /&gt;
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吓的地下众人一拥争去拾玉。贾母急的搂了宝玉道：“孽障，你生气，要打骂人容易，何苦摔那命根子？”宝玉满面泪痕，哭道：“家里姐姐妹妹都没有，单我有，我说没趣儿；&lt;br /&gt;
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The aside servants were scared and then rushed to pick up the jade.Jia's mother anxiously hugged Baoyu and said:&amp;quot; poor kid, if you are angry, why do you bother to fall the jade rahtere to beat and curse.&amp;quot;Covered with tears, Baoyu cried:&amp;quot; my beloved elder and litter sisters have no one. I'm ashamed of owning one.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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==付诗雨 Fù Shīyǔ 日语语言文学 女 202120081486==&lt;br /&gt;
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如今来了这个神仙似的妹妹也没有：可知这不是个好东西。”贾母忙哄他道：“你这妹妹原有玉来着，因你姑妈去世时，舍不得你妹妹，无法可处，遂将他的玉带了去：&lt;br /&gt;
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And now comes this angelic sort of cousin, and she too has none, so that it's clear enough that it is no profitable thing.&amp;quot; Dowager lady Chia hastened to coax him. &amp;quot;This cousin of yours,&amp;quot; she explained, &amp;quot;would, under former circumstances, have come here with a jade; and it's because your aunt felt unable, as she lay on her death-bed, to reconcile herself to the separation from your cousin, that in the absence of any remedy, she forthwith took the gem belonging to her (daughter), along with her (in the grave); --[[User:Fu Shiyu|Fu Shiyu]] ([[User talk:Fu Shiyu|talk]]) 12:24, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Now the newly arrived cousin who is as lovely as a fairy hasn't got one either, so it can't be any good.&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Your cousin did have one once,&amp;quot; said Dowager lady Chia to soothe him, &amp;quot;but when your aunt was dying she was unwilling to leave your cousin, the best she could do was to take the jade with her instead. --[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 04:49, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==高蜜 Gāo Mì 翻译学 女 202120081487==&lt;br /&gt;
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一则全殉葬之礼，尽你妹妹的孝心；二则你姑妈的阴灵儿也可权作见了你妹妹了。因此他说没有，也是不便自己夸张的意思啊。&lt;br /&gt;
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In that way, your cousin showed her filial piety by letting the jade be buried with her; in the meantime, your aunt’s spirit could see your cousin through the jade. Therefore, when your cousin said she hadn’t got one, it was because she didn’t want to boast about it. --[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 04:50, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==宫博雅 Gōng Bóyǎ 俄语语言文学 女 202120081488==&lt;br /&gt;
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你还不好生带上，仔细你娘知道。”说着，便向丫鬟手中接来，亲与他带上。宝玉听如此说，想了一想，也就不生别论。&lt;br /&gt;
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==何芩 Hé Qín 翻译学 女 202120081489==&lt;br /&gt;
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当下奶娘来问黛玉房舍，贾母便说：“将宝玉挪出来，同我在套间暖阁里，把你林姑娘暂且安置在碧纱厨里。等过了残冬，春天再给他们收拾房屋，另作一番安置罢。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==胡舒情 Hú Shūqíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081490==&lt;br /&gt;
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宝玉道：“好祖宗，我就在碧纱厨外的床上很妥当，又何必出来，闹的老祖宗不得安静呢？”贾母想一想说：“也罢了。&lt;br /&gt;
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Baoyu said:” Dear grandma, I would rather stay at the bed outside the partition door, than at your room to bother you.”  The Lady Dowager said thoughtfully:”That’s Ok.”&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄锦云 Huáng Jǐnyún 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081491==&lt;br /&gt;
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每人一个奶娘并一个丫头照管，馀者在外间上夜听唤。”一面早有熙凤命人送了一顶藕合色花帐并锦被、缎褥之类。&lt;br /&gt;
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But let each one of you have a nurse, as well as a waiting-maid to attend on you; the other servants can remain in the outside rooms and keep night watch and be ready to answer any call.&amp;quot; At an early hour, besides, Hsi-feng had sent a servant round with a grey flowered curtain, embroidered coverlets and satin quilts and other such articles.--[[User:Huang Jinyun|Huang Jinyun]] ([[User talk:Huang Jinyun|talk]]) 14:25, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄逸妍 Huáng Yìyán 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081492==&lt;br /&gt;
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黛玉只带了两个人来：一个是自己的奶娘王嬷嬷；一个是十岁的小丫头，名唤雪雁。贾母见雪雁甚小，一团孩气；&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄柱梁 Huáng Zhùliáng 国别 男 202120081493==&lt;br /&gt;
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王嬷嬷又极老：料黛玉皆不遂心，将自己身边一个二等小丫头，名唤鹦哥的与了黛玉。亦如迎春等一般：每人除自幼乳母外，另有四个教引嬷嬷；Mammy(Here mammy not means the lady who gives birth to a baby, but a lady who looks after some noble children) Wang is very old: she is not expectd to look after  Daiyu well. So,Daiyu's grandmother gave Daiyu to a second-class little page girl named Yingge. Daiyu's arrangement is also like Jia Yingchun who not only has the nursing mother, but also four teaching mothers.--[[User:Huang Zhuliang|Huang Zhuliang]] ([[User talk:Huang Zhuliang|talk]]) 14:02, 19 December 2021 (UTC)Huang Zhuliang&lt;br /&gt;
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==金晓童 Jīn Xiǎotóng  202120081494==&lt;br /&gt;
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除贴身掌管钗钏盥沐两个丫头外，另有四五个洒扫房屋、来往使役的小丫头。当下王嬷嬷与鹦哥陪侍黛玉在碧纱厨内，宝玉乳母李嬷嬷并大丫头名唤袭人的陪侍在外面大床上。&lt;br /&gt;
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==邝艳丽 Kuàng Yànl 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081495==&lt;br /&gt;
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原来这袭人亦是贾母之婢，本名蕊珠，贾母因溺爱宝玉，恐宝玉之婢不中使，素喜蕊珠心地纯良，遂与宝玉。宝玉因知他本姓花，又曾见旧人诗句有“花气袭人”之句，遂回明贾母，即把蕊珠更名袭人。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李爱璇 Lǐ Àixuán 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081496==&lt;br /&gt;
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却说袭人倒有些痴处：伏侍贾母时，心中只有贾母；如今跟了宝玉，心中又只有宝玉了。只因宝玉性情乖僻，每每规谏，见宝玉不听，心中着实忧郁。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李瑞洋 Lǐ Ruìyáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081497==&lt;br /&gt;
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是晚，宝玉、李嬷嬷已睡了，他见里面黛玉、鹦哥犹未安歇，他自卸了妆，悄悄的进来，笑问：“姑娘怎么还不安歇？”黛玉忙笑让：“姐姐请坐。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==李姗 Lǐ Shān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081498==&lt;br /&gt;
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袭人在床沿上坐了。鹦哥笑道：“林姑娘在这里伤心，自己淌眼抹泪的说：‘今儿才来了，就惹出你们哥儿的病来。倘或摔坏了那玉，岂不是因我之过？’&lt;br /&gt;
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==李双 Lǐ Shuāng 翻译学 女 202120081499==&lt;br /&gt;
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所以伤心。我好容易劝好了。”袭人道：“姑娘快别这么着。将来只怕比这更奇怪的笑话儿还有呢。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李文璇 Lǐ Wénxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081500==&lt;br /&gt;
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若为他这种行状，你多心伤感，只怕你还伤感不了呢。快别多心。”黛玉道：“姐姐们说的，我记着就是了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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“If you feel sad for his behavior, I’m afraid that you can’t be so. Don’t think too much.” Daiyu said: “I will remember what our sisters has said.” --[[User:Li Wenxuan|Li Wenxuan]] ([[User talk:Li Wenxuan|talk]]) 00:23, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李雯 Lǐ Wén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081501==&lt;br /&gt;
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又叙了一会，方才安歇。次早起来，省过贾母，因往王夫人处来。正值王夫人与熙凤在一处拆金陵来的书信，又有王夫人的兄嫂处遣来的两个媳妇儿来说话。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李新星 Lǐ Xīnxīng 亚非语言文学 女 202120081503==&lt;br /&gt;
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黛玉虽不知原委，探春等却晓得是议论金陵城中居住的薛家姨母之子、表兄薛蟠倚财仗势，打死人命，现在应天府案下审理。如今舅舅王子腾得了信，遣人来告诉这边，意欲唤取进京之意。&lt;br /&gt;
Although Daiyu did not know the exact cause, Tanchun and others knew that it was xue Pan, son and cousin of aunt Xue who lived in Jinling city, who killed a man by taking advantage of his wealth and power, and was now being tried by the Tianfu court. Now uncle Prince teng got the letter, send people to tell here, intended to call the meaning of Beijing.--[[User:Li Xinxing|Li Xinxing]] ([[User talk:Li Xinxing|talk]]) 12:24, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Although Dai Yu did not know the original commission, Tan Chun and others knew that it was a discussion of Xue Pan, the son of the Xue family's aunt and cousin Xue Pan, who lived in Jinling City, who relied on wealth and power to kill people, and now it should be tried under the Tianfu case. Now that his uncle Prince Teng had received the letter, he sent someone to tell this side, intending to summon the intention of entering the capital.--[[User:Li Yi|Li Yi]] ([[User talk:Li Yi|talk]]) 12:27, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李怡 Lǐ Yí 法语语言文学 女 202120081504==&lt;br /&gt;
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毕竟怎的，下回分解。&lt;br /&gt;
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起复——即重新起用被停职或撤职的官员，包括因父母丧停职回家守孝及因被弹劾而遭撤职的官员。​&lt;br /&gt;
If you want to know what happened, the answer is next time&lt;br /&gt;
Reinstatement – Reinstate officials who have been suspended or removed from their posts, including those who have been suspended from their posts for the death of their parents and who have been removed from office for impeachment.--[[User:Li Yi|Li Yi]] ([[User talk:Li Yi|talk]]) 12:14, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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After all, I'll break it down next time.&lt;br /&gt;
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Reinstatement - reinstatement of officials who have been suspended or removed from office, including those who have been removed from office due to the death of their parents and those who have been removed from office due to impeachment.--[[User:Liu Peiting|Liu Peiting]] ([[User talk:Liu Peiting|talk]]) 12:24, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘沛婷 Liú Pèitíng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081505==&lt;br /&gt;
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邸(dǐ底)报——亦称“邸抄”、“抄报”、“宫门抄”，清代或称“京报”。中国古代官方报纸的通称。&lt;br /&gt;
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Di Pao -- also known as &amp;quot;Di Copy&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;copy newspaper&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Palace Gate Copy&amp;quot; -- is also known as &amp;quot;Beijing Newspaper&amp;quot; during the Qing Dynasty. The general name of the official newspaper in ancient China.--[[User:Liu Peiting|Liu Peiting]] ([[User talk:Liu Peiting|talk]]) 12:23, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘胜楠 Liú Shèngnán 翻译学 女 202120081506==&lt;br /&gt;
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承办者或为地方官府驻京办事机构，或为朝廷。邸报专门抄发诏令、奏章及朝政新闻，以供地方官及时了解。 邸：原指战国时各诸侯在都城的客馆，后泛指地方官府驻京办事处。​&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘薇 Liú Wēi 国别 女 202120081507==&lt;br /&gt;
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贱荆——亦称“拙荆”、“山荆”等。谦词。对人称自己的妻子。 荆：“荆钗布裙”的省称。&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;Jian Jing&amp;quot; ——also known as &amp;quot;Zhuo Jing&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Shan Jing&amp;quot; etc. It's a modest word when a man mention his wife in front of others. &amp;quot;Jing&amp;quot;is a short name for &amp;quot;JingChaiBuQun&amp;quot;(the female have only a thorn for a hairpin and plain cloth for a skirt).   --[[User:Liu Wei|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei|talk]]) 12:36, 19 December 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei&lt;br /&gt;
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Jian Jing, also known as &amp;quot;Zhuo Jing&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Shan Jing&amp;quot;,etc, is a humle term for quoting one's own wife. Jing is an abbreviation for &amp;quot;Jingchaibuqun&amp;quot;, that is, a thorn for a hairpin and palin cloth for a skirt.--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 06:59, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘晓 Liú Xiǎo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081508==&lt;br /&gt;
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形容妇人极为简朴的服饰。语出汉·刘向《列女传》(见《太平御览》卷七一八引)：“梁鸿妻孟光，荆钗布裙。” 荆钗：即以木棍为钗。&lt;br /&gt;
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Jing, used to ​describe women's plain, simple and unadorned clothes, is originated from a sentence in the ''Biographies of Exemplary Women'' written by Liu Xiang in the Han Dynasty (see ''Imperial Review under the Reign of Taizong in the Song Dynasty'', Vol.718): &amp;quot;Meng Guang, wife of Liang Hong has only a thorn for a hairpin and plain cloth for a skirt.&amp;quot; Jingchai means a thron for a hairpin.--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 06:53, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘越 Liú Yuè 亚非语言文学 女 202120081509==&lt;br /&gt;
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内顾之忧──语出北朝魏·袁翻《安置蠕蠕表》：“且蠕蠕尚存，则高车犹有内顾之忧，未暇窥窬上国；&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘运心 Liú Yùnxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081510==&lt;br /&gt;
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若蠕蠕全灭，则高车跋扈之计，岂易可知？”(蠕蠕：“柔然”的别称，亦称“芮芮”、“茹茹”。我国古代北方少数民族名。&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗安怡 Luó Ānyí 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081511==&lt;br /&gt;
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高车：亦称“狄历”、“敕勒”、“铁勒”、“丁零”。 我国古代北方少数民族名。)意谓因对家事或国事的顾念而担忧。&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗曦 Luó Xī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081512==&lt;br /&gt;
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这里指家庭需要照顾的人或事。​&lt;br /&gt;
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垂花门──旧时较为讲究的四合院二门。门顶如屋顶式样，其四角和前后多有下垂的雕花，故称。&lt;br /&gt;
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==马新 Mǎ Xīn 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081513==&lt;br /&gt;
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超手游廊──亦作“超手回廊”、“抄手游廊”。房廊像两手笼入袖筒，两袖成环形状，故称。&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛雅文 Máo Yǎwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081514==&lt;br /&gt;
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穿山游廊──指与厅房两边山墙门通连的回廊。以其可由山墙门穿行，故称。 山：即房屋两侧的山墙。​&lt;br /&gt;
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Chuan Shan You Lang: A veranda or corridor connected with the gable doors on both sides of the hall. People can pass through the corridor after entering into the gable doors, so this kind of corridor is called such a name. Shan: The gable doors on both sides of a house.--[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 13:22, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Chuan Shan You Lang: It refers to the corridor connected to the door of the wall on either side of the room. People can pass through the corridor after entering into the gable doors, so this kind of corridor is called such a name. Shan: The gable doors on both sides of a house.--[[User:Mao You|Mao You]] ([[User talk:Mao You|talk]]) 13:33, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛优 Máo Yōu 俄语语言文学 女 202120081515==&lt;br /&gt;
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“第一个”六句──这是对迎春形象的描写。 微丰：稍胖。 腮凝新荔：形容腮帮子像荔枝般的红润。&lt;br /&gt;
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The first six lines - It is a description of Yingchun's image. Wei Feng: Slightly fat. Sai Ning Xin Li：The cheeks are as red as lychees.--[[User:Mao You|Mao You]] ([[User talk:Mao You|talk]]) 13:29, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==牟一心 Móu Yīxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081516==&lt;br /&gt;
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鼻腻鹅脂：形容鼻端像鹅脂般光润。​&lt;br /&gt;
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“第二个”七句──这是对探春形象的描写。 削肩：俗称溜肩。&lt;br /&gt;
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==彭瑞雪 Péng Ruìxuě 法语语言文学 女 202120081517==&lt;br /&gt;
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倾斜的双肩。古人以为美人肩。&lt;br /&gt;
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长挑身材：瘦高的身材。 鸭蛋脸儿：犹如鸭蛋似的长圆形脸盘。&lt;br /&gt;
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Sloping shoulders. The ancients considered these to be the shoulders of beauty.&lt;br /&gt;
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Long, tall figure: a tall, thin figure. Duck egg face: an oblong face like a duck egg.--[[User:Peng Ruixue|Peng Ruixue]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruixue|talk]]) 06:32, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==秦建安 Qín Jiànān 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081518==&lt;br /&gt;
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俊眼修眉：秀美的眼睛，长长的秀眉。 顾盼神飞：左顾右盼，目光炯炯，神采飞扬。 文彩精华：光彩照人，精神十足。&lt;br /&gt;
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==邱婷婷 Qiū Tíngtíng 英语语言文学（语言学）女 202120081519==&lt;br /&gt;
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见之忘俗：意谓别人见了就会忘了俗气，变得高雅起来。形容探春一身高雅之气。​&lt;br /&gt;
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“第三个”两句──这是对惜春形象的描写。&lt;br /&gt;
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To see is to forget vulgarity: It means that when others see something or someone will forget the secular atmosphere and  become more elegant. In this sentence, it describes Tanchun has a great elegant temperament.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The third&amp;quot; two sentences ─ thses are  the description of the image of Xi Chun.--[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 02:50, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Jian Zhi Wang Su: It means that others will forget the vulgarity and become elegant when they see it. It is used to describe Tanchun's elegance. &lt;br /&gt;
The two sentences containing “ the third” — are the image depiction of Sichun.--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 12:27, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==饶金盈 Ráo Jīnyíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081520==&lt;br /&gt;
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形容惜春年纪尚小，身材和容貌都还没有发育成熟。​&lt;br /&gt;
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人参养荣丸──以人参、当归、黄芪、陈皮、白芍、熟地、桂心等配制而成的丸药，主治脾胃气血亏虚等症。&lt;br /&gt;
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It is used to describe the Xichun, who is still young and body and appearance are not developed.&lt;br /&gt;
Ginseng Yangrong Pill- A pill made of ginseng, angelica, astragalus, Chen Pi, Bai Shao, Shu Di, Gui Xin, etc., mainly used for treating deficiency of qi and blood in the spleen and stomach.--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 12:22, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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It is used to depict Xichun, who is still in her young age and underdeveloped stature as well as appearance.&lt;br /&gt;
Ginseng tonic bolus- a sort of pill composed of ginseng, Angelica sinensis, astragalus, tangerine peel, white paleontology root, rehmannia glutinousa, laurel heart, etc. is mainly used to treat diseases such as deficiency in spleen, stomach, qi as well as blood.--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 13:00, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==石丽青 Shí Lìqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081521==&lt;br /&gt;
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荣：中医指血脉。 养荣丸：似有双关之意：除了保养血脉之意外，还有保养荣誉之意，与薛宝钗的“冷香丸”相对，以寓二人的不同性格。&lt;br /&gt;
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“Rong” refers to blood vessel in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. Tonic bolus embraces double meaning. Apart from the maintenance of blood, it also boasts the function of maintaining the honor, which is opposite to “Cold Fragrant Pellet” of Xue Baochai. This is the revelation of different personalities between these two people.--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 12:45, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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“Rong” refers to blood vessel in the field of traditional Chinese medicine. Tonic bolus embraces double meanings. Apart from the maintenance of blood vessel, it also boasts the function of maintaining the honor, which is opposite to “Cold Fragrant Pellet” of Xue Baochai. This is the revelation of different personalities between these two people.--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 02:27, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==孙雅诗 Sūn Yǎshī 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081522==&lt;br /&gt;
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窄褃(kèn掯)袄──即紧身妖。 窄：瘦小。 褃：是上衣前后幅两侧接缝部分的名称。&lt;br /&gt;
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Narrow ken coat ── is a tight quilted jacket.Narrow: thin.Ken: It is the name of the seams on the front and rear sides of the jacket.--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 02:18, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王李菲 Wáng Lǐfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081523==&lt;br /&gt;
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仪门──原指官署大门里的第二道正门。之所以称“仪门”，是因为官员至此门必须整齐仪表。&lt;br /&gt;
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==王逸凡 Wáng Yìfán 亚非语言文学 女 202120081524==&lt;br /&gt;
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《明会典·礼部十七·官员礼》：“新官到任之日……先至神庙祭祀毕，引至仪门前下马，具官服，从中道入。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==王镇隆 Wáng Zhènlóng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 男 202120081525==&lt;br /&gt;
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又《江宁府志·建制·官署》：“其制大门之内为仪门，仪门内为莅事堂。”后加以引申，大家府第的第二道正门也称仪门。​&lt;br /&gt;
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==卫怡雯 Wèi Yíwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081526==&lt;br /&gt;
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鹿顶耳房钻山──这里是指在正房两侧与东西厢房北侧之间建有两座平顶耳房，并在耳房山墙上开门。如此则使正房、东西耳房、东西厢房皆可相通，便于穿行，所以下句说“四通八达”。&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏楚璇 Wèi Chǔxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081527==&lt;br /&gt;
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鹿顶：亦作“盝顶”。即平屋顶。 耳房：紧靠正房或厢房两侧并利用其山墙建造的房屋。&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏兆妍 Wèi Zhàoyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081528==&lt;br /&gt;
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因其位于正房两侧，犹如人的两只耳朵，故称。 钻山：指打通房屋两侧的山墙，以与相邻的房屋或回廊相通。​&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴婧悦 Wú Jìngyuè 俄语语言文学 女 202120081529==&lt;br /&gt;
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赤金九龙青地大匾──以赤金涂饰的九条雕龙为边框的黑底大匾。 九龙：古代传说龙生九子，性格各异。但说法各异。&lt;br /&gt;
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The horizontal board, which is  decorated with pink gold, night dragon and tuff - the board is black and is made of motifs of dragon and phoenix. The nine dragons: it is said that, in the ancient time, the dragon had nine sons, whose character were totally different. But there were different ideas about it.--[[User:Wu Jingyue|Wu Jingyue]] ([[User talk:Wu Jingyue|talk]]) 14:02, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴映红 Wú Yìnghóng 日语语言文学 女 202120081530==&lt;br /&gt;
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明·杨慎《升庵外集·动物一·龙生九子》说：“龙生九子不成龙，各有所好：囚牛，平生好音乐，今胡琴头上刻兽是其遗像；&lt;br /&gt;
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==肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531==&lt;br /&gt;
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睚毗，平生好杀，金刀柄上龙吞口是其遗像；嘲风，平生好险，今殿角走兽是其遗像；蒲牢，平生好鸣，今钟上兽纽是其遗像；&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532==&lt;br /&gt;
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狻猊，平生好坐，今佛座狮子是其遗像；霸下，平生好负重，今碑座兽是其遗像；陛犴，平生好讼，今狱门上狮子头是其遗像；&lt;br /&gt;
Suan ni likes sitting all its life , it looks alike a lion, which usually appears in the pedestal of Buddha ; Ba xia likes bearing a heavy burden all its life, so its image usually appears under the stone monuments as a stele monster; Bi'an likes lawsuit all its life, so its image usually appears in the cell doors.--[[User:Xie Jiafen|Xie Jiafen]] ([[User talk:Xie Jiafen|talk]]) 07:02, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢庆琳 Xiè Qìnglín 俄语语言文学 女 202120081533==&lt;br /&gt;
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屓屭，平生好文，今碑两旁龙是其遗像；蚩吻，平生好吞，今殿脊兽头是其遗像。”明·焦竑《玉堂丛语·卷一·文学》则说：&lt;br /&gt;
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==熊敏 Xióng Mǐn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081534==&lt;br /&gt;
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“俗传龙生九子不成龙，各有所好……一曰赑屭，形似龟，好负重，今石碑下龟趺是也；二曰螭吻，形似兽，性好望，今屋上兽头是也；&lt;br /&gt;
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==徐敏赟 Xú Mǐnyūn 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 男 202120081535==&lt;br /&gt;
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三曰蒲牢，形似龙而小，性好叫吼，今钟上纽是也；四曰狴犴，形似虎，有威力，故立于狱门；五曰饕餮，好饮食，故立于鼎盖；&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜静 Yán Jìng 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 女 202120081536==&lt;br /&gt;
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六曰，性好水，故立于桥柱；七曰睚毗，性好杀，故立于刀环；八曰金猊，形似狮，性好烟火，故立于香炉；&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜莉莉 Yán Lìlì 国别 女 202120081537==&lt;br /&gt;
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九曰椒图，形似螺蚌，性好闭，故立于门铺首。”明·沈德符《万历野获编·卷七·内阁·龙子》又说：“长沙李文正公在阁，孝宗忽下御札，问龙生九子之详。&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜子涵 Yán Zǐhán 国别 女 202120081538==&lt;br /&gt;
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文正对云：‘其子蒲牢好鸣，今为钟上钮鼻；囚牛好音，今为胡琴头刻兽；睚眦好杀，今为刀剑上吞口；&lt;br /&gt;
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==阳佳颖 Yáng Jiāyǐng 国别 女 202120081540==&lt;br /&gt;
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嘲风好险，今为殿阁走兽；狻猊好坐，今为佛座骑象；霸下好负重，今为碑碣石趺；&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨爱江 Yáng Àijiāng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081541==&lt;br /&gt;
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狴犴好讼，今为狱户首镇压；屓屭好文，今为碑两旁蜿蜒；蚩吻好吞，今为殿脊兽头。’”&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨堃 Yáng Kūn 法语语言文学 女 202120081542==&lt;br /&gt;
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此外，明·陈仁锡《潜确类书》、明·胡侍《真珠船·龙生九子》、清·褚人获《坚瓠十集·龙九子》、清·高士奇《天禄识馀·龙种》，对九龙的名称、性格、用途的说法也各不相同，可见出于民间传说。世人多用作装饰，以示祥瑞。​&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨柳青 Yáng Liǔqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081543==&lt;br /&gt;
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万幾宸(chén辰)翰之宝──此为皇帝印章所刻的文字。 万幾：国家纷繁复杂的政务。典出《尚书·虞书·皋陶谟》：“兢兢业业，一日二日万幾。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==叶维杰 Yè Wéijié 国别 男 202120081544==&lt;br /&gt;
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孔颖达传云：“幾，微也，言当戒惧万事之微。”意谓尽管政务繁重，也不能忽略任何小事。亦称“万机”。&lt;br /&gt;
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==易扬帆 Yì Yángfān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081545==&lt;br /&gt;
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典出《汉书·百官公卿表上》：“相国、丞相皆秦官，金印紫绶，掌丞天子，助理万机。”这里是形容皇帝日理万机，政务繁忙。&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷慧珍 Yīn Huìzhēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081546==&lt;br /&gt;
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宸：“北宸”的省称。即北极星。因皇帝上朝坐北朝南，遂为皇帝的代称。翰：本义是羽毛，因古代以羽毛为笔，引申为墨迹(书写的字)。&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷美达 Yīn Měidá 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081547==&lt;br /&gt;
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宝：这里指皇帝的印章。上古天子、诸侯均以圭璧制印，故称“宝”。唐以后只有帝、后之印可称“宝”。​&lt;br /&gt;
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==尹媛 Yǐn Yuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081548==&lt;br /&gt;
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“座上”对联──珠玑：本义为珠宝，引申为名贵装饰。 昭日月：形容装饰光亮如日月。 昭：明亮。&lt;br /&gt;
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==詹若萱 Zhān Ruòxuān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081549==&lt;br /&gt;
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黼黻(fǔ fú府服)：泛指绣有华美花纹的礼服。《晏子春秋·谏下十五》：“公衣黼黻之衣，素绣之裳，一衣而王采具焉。” 黼：黑白相间的斧形花纹。&lt;br /&gt;
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==张秋怡 Zhāng Qiūyí 亚非语言文学 女 202120081550==&lt;br /&gt;
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黻：黑与青相间的亚形花纹。 焕烟霞：形容绣服放射出如烟如霞的光彩，绚丽多姿。 焕：放射光彩。此联形容主宾皆珠光宝气，服饰华丽。&lt;br /&gt;
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==张扬 Zhāng Yáng 国别 男 202120081551==&lt;br /&gt;
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汝窑美人觚(gū孤)──出自著名汝窑的一种盛酒器。 汝窑：即北宋汝州瓷窑。因其青瓷器皿质量特佳，多为贡品，故名闻天下，后世成为收藏珍品。&lt;br /&gt;
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==张怡然 Zhāng Yírán 俄语语言文学 女 202120081552==&lt;br /&gt;
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美人觚：因其体长腰细，形似美人，故名。​&lt;br /&gt;
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椅搭──又称“椅披”。是一种长方形织物的椅用装饰品。因搭或披在椅背和椅坐上，故名。​&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟义菲 Zhōng Yìfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081553==&lt;br /&gt;
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掐牙——是一种装饰性衣服花边。即以锦缎等折叠成细条，镶嵌在衣边上，以为美观。 掐：嵌入之意。&lt;br /&gt;
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Qia Ya— a kind of decorative lace. That is to fold brocade into thin strips and inlay them on the edge of the clothes to look beautiful. Qia: embedded.--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 12:30, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟雨露 Zhōng Yǔlù 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081554==&lt;br /&gt;
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牙：即“牙子”。器物突出的边沿。​&lt;br /&gt;
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《四书》──即《论语》、《孟子》、《大学》、《中庸》(后两种原为《礼记》中的两篇)。&lt;br /&gt;
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“Ya”: also called &amp;quot;Ya Zi&amp;quot; in Chinese. It means the protruding edge of an object. &lt;br /&gt;
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''The Four Books'' includes— ''The Confucian Analects'', ''The Works of Mencius'', ''The Great Learning'', and ''The Doctrine of the Mean'' (the latter two were originally two books from ''The Book of Rites'').--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 12:22, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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''The Four Books'' includes— ''The Confucian Analects'', ''The Works of Mencius'', ''The Great Learning'', and ''The Doctrine of the Mean'' (the latter two were originally two books chosen from ''The Book of Rites'').&lt;br /&gt;
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==周玖 Zhōu Jiǔ 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081555==&lt;br /&gt;
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宋代朱熹选定并定名《四书》，遂成为元、明、清三代科举考试的必读之书。​&lt;br /&gt;
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抹额：原指束在额上的头巾。其起源似乎很早。&lt;br /&gt;
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During the Song dynasty, Zhu xi chose and named ''Four Books'' which became the required readings in Imperial Competitive Examinations of Yuan dynasty, Ming dynasty, and Qing dynasty.&lt;br /&gt;
Mo E: It originally refers to a kerchief tied around the forehead. Its origin seems to be very early.&lt;br /&gt;
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==周俊辉 Zhōu Jùnhuī 法语语言文学 女 202120081556==&lt;br /&gt;
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宋·高承《事物纪原·戎容兵械·抹额》引《二仪实录》曰：“禹娶涂山之夕，大风雷电，中有甲卒千人，其不披甲者，以红绡帕抹其头额，云海神来朝。&lt;br /&gt;
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==周巧 Zhōu Qiǎo 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081557==&lt;br /&gt;
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禹问之，对曰：‘此武士之首服也。’秦始皇至海上，有神朝，皆抹额、绯衫、大口袴。侍卫自此抹额，遂为军容之服。&lt;br /&gt;
Yu asked and replied, &amp;quot;this is the surrender of a warrior.&amp;quot; When the first emperor of Qin went to the sea, there was the divine Dynasty where people  wore red upper garment and loose trousers and decorated with smear. Since then, bodyguards decorated their forehead with smear, which has become a kind of military costume.--[[User:Zhou Qiao1|Zhou Qiao1]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qiao1|talk]]) 13:17, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周清 Zhōu Qīng 法语语言文学 女 202120081558==&lt;br /&gt;
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可知原为军人的标志。后普及到一般男子，平民以布巾束发，富人用金箍束发，兼为头饰。​&lt;br /&gt;
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箭袖──亦称“箭衣”。&lt;br /&gt;
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==周小雪 Zhōu Xiǎoxuě 日语语言文学 女 202120081559==&lt;br /&gt;
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是一种窄袖长袍。其袖口呈斜切状，朝手背的袖口长，朝手心的袖口短，便于射箭，故名。其斜袖口又形似马蹄，故又称马蹄袖。&lt;br /&gt;
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It's a kind of robe with narrow sleeves. Its cuffs were  in a diagonal cut shape. The cuffs facing the back of the hand are long and the cuffs facing the palm are short, which is convenient for archery, so it is named Arrow Sleeves. Its oblique cuff is also shaped like a horseshoe, so it is also called horseshoe sleeve.--[[User:Zhou Xiaoxue|Zhou Xiaoxue]] ([[User talk:Zhou Xiaoxue|talk]]) 05:55, 20 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==朱素珍 Zhū Sùzhēn 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081561==&lt;br /&gt;
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后成为一种服式，不射箭的男子也穿。​&lt;br /&gt;
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“倒像”两句──似有双关之意：一者暗指贾宝玉的化身神瑛侍者在太虚幻境用甘露浇灌林黛玉的化身绛珠仙草；&lt;br /&gt;
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==邹岳丽 Zōu Yuèlí 日语语言文学 女 202120081562==&lt;br /&gt;
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再者隐寓二人心有灵犀一点通，一见锺情。下文贾宝玉说“这个妹妹我曾见过的”、“心里倒像是远别重逢的一般”，其用意同此。​&lt;br /&gt;
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==Nadia 202011080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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请安──这里指的是清代一种见面问好的特殊礼仪：&lt;br /&gt;
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==Mahzad Heydarian 玛莎 202021080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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男子须在口称“请某某安”的同时，右膝弯曲或跪地(俗称打千)；&lt;br /&gt;
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==Mariam Toure 2020GBJ002301==&lt;br /&gt;
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女子则在口称“请某某安”的同时，双手扶左膝，右腿微屈，身体半蹲。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Rouabah Soumaya 202121080001==&lt;br /&gt;
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寄名锁──旧时父母为保佑幼儿长命百岁，让幼儿作僧、道的“寄名”弟子，并在幼儿项下悬挂锁形饰物，谓之“寄名锁”。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Numan 202121080002==&lt;br /&gt;
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面如傅粉──语本南朝宋·刘义庆《世说新语·容止》：&lt;br /&gt;
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==Atta Ur Rahman 202121080003==&lt;br /&gt;
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“何平叔(晏)美姿仪，面至白。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Saqib Mehran 202121080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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魏明帝疑其傅粉，正夏月，与热汤饼。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Zohaib Chand 202121080005==&lt;br /&gt;
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既啖，大汗出，以朱衣自拭，色转皎然。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==Jawad Ahmad 202121080006==&lt;br /&gt;
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(皎然：洁白貌。)原指何晏的脸上好像抹了香粉般洁白。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Nizam Uddin 202121080007==&lt;br /&gt;
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引申以泛喻男子姿容洁白秀美。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Öncü 202121080008==&lt;br /&gt;
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《西江月》二词──即按照《西江月》词牌填写的两首(也称“阕”)词。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Akira Jantarat 202121080009==&lt;br /&gt;
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词：原本指歌曲中的文词，后来文词与曲调分离，遂变成文体之一。&lt;br /&gt;
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Word: It originally referred to the words in a song. In time, the words and the tune separated and became one of style. --[[User:Benjamin Wellsand|Benjamin Wellsand]] ([[User talk:Benjamin Wellsand|talk]]) 13:14, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Benjamin Wellsand 202111080118==&lt;br /&gt;
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但仍须按曲填词，于是发展出许多词牌，每个词牌都有字数、句数、韵脚等规定，还有双调、长调、小令之别。&lt;br /&gt;
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However, it is still necessary to fill in the lyrics according to the tune. So many poems have been developed. Each poem has a word count, sentence count, rhymes and other provisions, as well as the difference between two-tone, long tune, and short meter.--[[User:Benjamin Wellsand|Benjamin Wellsand]] ([[User talk:Benjamin Wellsand|talk]]) 13:10, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Asep Budiman 202111080020==&lt;br /&gt;
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故作词谓之“填词”，就是按照词牌的规范填写文字，不可越雷池一步。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Ei Mon Kyaw 202111080021==&lt;br /&gt;
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《西江月》就是词牌之一。本书用了不少词牌，以下不再一一注释。​&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211215_homework&amp;diff=133952</id>
		<title>20211215 homework</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211215_homework&amp;diff=133952"/>
		<updated>2021-12-19T12:10:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531 */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;Quicklinks: [[Introduction_to_Translation_Studies_2021|Back to course homepage]] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal#Frequently_asked_questions_FAQ FAQ]  [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal Manual] [[20210926_homework|Back to all homework webpages overview]] [[20220112_final_exam|final exam page]]&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈静 Chén Jìng 国别 女 202020080595==&lt;br /&gt;
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鼎：古代食器。胡羼(chàn忏) ──胡闹。 羼：本义为群羊杂居。引申为杂乱不纯，乱七八糟。​&lt;br /&gt;
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Tripod (Ding in Chinese): ancient food utensil. Hu Chan in Chinese means nonsense. Chan in Chinese originally means that the sheep live together, whose extensive meaning is mess.&lt;br /&gt;
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Tripod: ancient food utensil. Hi Chan - nonsense. The original meaning is that sheep live together. It is extended meaning to be messy, impure and messy.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 01:25, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==蔡珠凤 Cài Zhūfèng 法语语言文学 女 202120081477==&lt;br /&gt;
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抓──即“抓周”，亦称“试儿”、“试周”。旧俗于婴儿满周岁时，父母摆列各种小件器物，任其抓取，以测试其秉性、智愚、志趣。此俗始于江南，后亦传到北方。&lt;br /&gt;
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Grasping -- namely &amp;quot;grasping the week&amp;quot;, also known as &amp;quot;trying the child&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;trying the week&amp;quot;. The old custom is that when a baby reaches the age of one year, his parents arrange all kinds of small objects and let him grab them to test his temperament, intelligence and interest. This custom began in the south of the Yangtze River and later spread to the north.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 01:23, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Catch ─ ─ means &amp;quot;catch the week&amp;quot;, also known as &amp;quot;test&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;test week&amp;quot;. The old custom is when the baby reaches one year old, the parents arrange all kinds of small utensils and let them grab them to test their disposition, wisdom and ambition. This custom began in the south of the Yangtze River and then spread to the north.--[[User:Zeng Junlin|Zeng Junlin]] ([[User talk:Zeng Junlin|talk]]) 07:41, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==曾俊霖 Zēng Jùnlín 国别 男 202120081478==&lt;br /&gt;
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事见北朝周·颜之推《颜氏家训·风操》：“江南风俗，儿生一期(年)，为制新衣，盥浴装饰，男则用弓矢纸笔，女则刀尺针缕(线)，并加饮食之物及珍宝服玩，置之儿前，观其发意所取，以验贪亷智愚，名之为试儿。”&lt;br /&gt;
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It is said in Yan's family instructions and customs by Yan Zhitui of the Northern Dynasty that &amp;quot;the custom in the south of the Yangtze River was born in the first year. It was to make new clothes and decorate bathrooms. Men used bows and arrows, paper and pens, women used knives, rulers, needles and threads (lines), and played with food and precious clothes. They were placed in front of their children and looked at what they wanted to take to test their greed, wisdom and stupidity. They were called test children.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zeng Junlin|Zeng Junlin]] ([[User talk:Zeng Junlin|talk]]) 07:37, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈惠妮 Chén Huìnī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081479==&lt;br /&gt;
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(宋·赵彦卫《云麓漫钞》卷二也有相同记载)又宋·叶真《爱日斋丛钞》卷一：“《玉壶野史》记曹武惠王(曹彬)始生周晬日，父母以百玩之具罗于席，观其所取。&lt;br /&gt;
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== Headline text ==&lt;br /&gt;
==陈湘琼 Chén Xiāngqióng 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081480==&lt;br /&gt;
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武惠王左手提干戈，右手提俎豆，斯须取一印，馀无所视。曹，真定人。江南遗俗乃在此(指真定)，今俗谓试周是也。”​&lt;br /&gt;
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Lord Wuhui holds weapons with his left hand and dinnerware in his right hand.Then he looks at a seal and graps it without seeing anything else.Lord Wuhui, whose first name is Cao, comes from Zhen Ding county. The place is called Shi Zhou now, on whiche Jiang Nan's old cities lay.--[[User:Chen Xiangqiong|Chen Xiangqiong]] ([[User talk:Chen Xiangqiong|talk]]) 00:23, 14 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Lord Wuhui holds weapons with his left hand and dinnerware in his right hand.Then he looks at a seal and graps it without seeing anything else.Lord Wuhui, whose first name is Cao, comes from Zhen Ding county. The place is so-called Shizhou now, on which ancient Jiangnan lay.--[[User:Chen Xinyi|Chen Xinyi]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi|talk]]) 05:07, 14 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈心怡 Chén Xīnyí 翻译学 女 202120081481==&lt;br /&gt;
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致知格物──语出《礼记·大学》：“致知在格物，格物而后知至。”意谓要想获得知识，必须探究事物的道理。 致：获得，取得。&lt;br /&gt;
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Zhi Zhi Ge Wu- ''From The Book of Rites·Daxue'': &amp;quot;Zhizhi lies in Gewu, and after Gewu, knowledge arrives.&amp;quot; It means that in order to gain knowledge, one must inquire into the truth of things. Zhi: To acquire, to obtain.--[[User:Chen Xinyi|Chen Xinyi]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi|talk]]) 05:18, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==程杨 Chéng Yáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081482==&lt;br /&gt;
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格：推究，探究，探讨。​尧……张──尧、舜、禹、汤、文、武，即唐尧、虞舜、夏禹、成汤、周文王、周武王，是从上古至西周的明君；&lt;br /&gt;
Ge: means deduction, exploration and discussion. Yao...Zhang──Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu, namely Tang Yao, Yu Shun, Xia Yu, Cheng Tang, Emperor Wen of Zhou Dynasty, Emperor Wu of Zhou Dynasty, they are all wise emperors from ancient times to the Zhou Dynasty;--[[User:Cheng Yang|Cheng Yang]] ([[User talk:Cheng Yang|talk]]) 13:11, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==丁旋 Dīng Xuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081483==&lt;br /&gt;
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周、召，即周公旦、召公奭，都是西周的贤相；孔、孟，即孔丘(通称孔子)、孟轲(通称孟子)，都是儒学的创始人；董、韩、周、程、朱、张，即汉代董仲舒、唐代韩愈、北宋周敦颐、北宋程颢和程颐兄弟、南宋朱熹、北宋张载，都是儒学理论家。&lt;br /&gt;
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Zhou, called the Duke of Zhou, and Zhao, called Duke of Shi, are both talented prime ministers (in feudal China); Kong (generally called Confucius) and Meng (generally called Mencius) are both founders of Confucianism; Dong (Dong Zhongshu in Han Dynasty), Han (Han Yu in Tang Dynasty), Zhou (Zhou Dunyi in the Northern Song Dynasty), Cheng (Cheng Jing and Cheng Yi brothers in the Northern Song Dynasty), Zhu (Zhu Xi in the Southern Song Dynasty), Zhang (Zhang Zai in the Northern Song Dynasty) are all Confucian theorists. --[[User:Ding Xuan|Ding Xuan]] ([[User talk:Ding Xuan|talk]]) 07:19, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Zhou and Zhao are respectively the Duke of Zhou and the Duke of Shi and both are talented prime ministers of the Western Zhou Dynasty; both Kong (generally called Confucius) and Meng (generally called Mencius) are  founders of Confucianism; Dong (Dong Zhongshu in Han Dynasty), Han (Han Yu in Tang Dynasty), Zhou (Zhou Dunyi in the Northern Song Dynasty), Cheng (Cheng Jing and Cheng Yi brothers in the Northern Song Dynasty), Zhu (Zhu Xi in the Southern Song Dynasty), Zhang (Zhang Zai in the Northern Song Dynasty) are all Confucian theorists. --[[User:Du Lina|Du Lina]] ([[User talk:Du Lina|talk]]) 08:09, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杜莉娜 Dù Lìnuó 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081484==&lt;br /&gt;
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这些人皆是儒家竭力推崇的人物。蚩尤……秦桧──蚩尤、共工，都是传说中上古最凶恶的部族首领；桀、纣、始皇，即夏桀、商纣王、秦始皇，都是登峰造极的暴君；&lt;br /&gt;
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All these people are strong recommended by confucianists such as Chi You(a mythological warrior engaged in fighting with the Yellow Emperor), Qin Hui (a traitor in the Song dynasty in Chinese history)and so on. Among them both Chi You and Gong Gong (the water god in ancient Chinses history and the devil of floods) are the most ferocious tribal chief in the Chinese legend;and all Xia Jie, Shang Zhou and Qin Shi Huang, being respectively the emperor Jie of Xia Dynasty，the emperor Zhou of Shang Dynasty and the first emperor of Qin Dynasty, are extremely tyrannical.&lt;br /&gt;
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==付红岩 Fù Hóngyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081485==&lt;br /&gt;
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王莽、曹操、桓温、安禄山、秦桧，他们分别是汉代、三国、东晋、唐代、南宋人，都是大奸臣乃至叛逆之贼。​许由……朝云──许由，传说他是上古时为了逃避帝位而终生隐居的贤人；陶潜(即陶渊明)、阮籍、嵇康、刘伶，都是魏晋时期著名文学家及不与流俗同低昂的独行之士；&lt;br /&gt;
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Wang Mang, Cao Cao, Huan Wen, An Lushan and Qin Kuei, who were in the Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty respectively, were all great treacherous court officials and even traitors. Xu You... Zhao Yun -- Xu You. It is said that he was a sage who lived in seclusion all his life in order to escape the throne in ancient times. Tao Qian (Tao Yuanming), Ruan Ji, Ji Kang and Liu Ling were all famous writers in the Wei and Jin dynasties and mavericks who did not flow along with the turbid currents of the world.--[[User:Fu Shiyu|Fu Shiyu]] ([[User talk:Fu Shiyu|talk]]) 11:57, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==付诗雨 Fù Shīyǔ 日语语言文学 女 202120081486==&lt;br /&gt;
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王谢二族，指东晋王导和谢安，都是显贵；顾虎头，即顾恺之，字虎头，是东晋名画家；陈后主、唐明皇、宋徽宗，都是有才气的风流皇帝；&lt;br /&gt;
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The Two families of Wang and Xie, namely Wang Dao and Xie An, were both nobility in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Gu Hutou, also known as Gu Kaizhi, was a famous painter in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Emperor Chen Shubao of Chen, Emperor Ming of Tang and  Emperor Huizong of Song were all talented and romantic emperors.--[[User:Fu Shiyu|Fu Shiyu]] ([[User talk:Fu Shiyu|talk]]) 10:07, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The Two families of Wang and Xie, namely Wang Dao and Xie An, were both of the nobility in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Gu Hutou, also known as Gu Kaizhi, was a famous painter in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Emperor Chen Shubao of Chen, Emperor Ming of Tang and Emperor Huizong of Song were all talented and romantic emperors. --[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 01:02, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==高蜜 Gāo Mì 翻译学 女 202120081487==&lt;br /&gt;
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刘庭芝即刘希夷(字庭芝)、温飞卿即温庭筠(字飞卿)，都是唐代名诗人；米南宫即米芾(南宫为世称)，是北宋名画家；石曼卿即石延年(字曼卿)、柳蓍卿即柳永(字蓍卿)、秦少游即秦观(字少游)，都是北宋著名文学家；&lt;br /&gt;
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Liu Tingzhi, or Liu Xiyi (courtesy name Tingzhi), Wen Feiqin refers orWen Tingyun (courtesy name Feiqing) are both famous poets of the Tang Dynasty. Mi Nangong, or Mi Fu (nickname Nangong), was a famous painter of the Northern Song Dynasty; Shi Manqing, or Shi Yannian (courtesy name Manqing), Liu Yaoqing, or Liu Yong (courtesy name Yaoqing), and Qin Shaoyou, or Qin Guan (courtesy name Shaoyou), were famous literary scholars of the Northern Song Dynasty.--[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 01:03, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Liu Tingzhi, or Liu Xiyi (styled Tingzhi), Wen Feiqin refers orWen Tingyun (styled Feiqing) are both famous poets of the Tang Dynasty. Mi Nangong, or Mi Fu (nickname Nangong), was a famous painter of the Northern Song Dynasty; Shi Manqing, or Shi Yannian (styled Manqing), Liu Yaoqing, or Liu Yong (styled Yaoqing), and Qin Shaoyou, or Qin Guan (styled Shaoyou), were famous literary scholars of the Northern Song Dynasty.--[[User:Gong Boya|Gong Boya]] ([[User talk:Gong Boya|talk]]) 12:27, 15 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==宫博雅 Gōng Bóyǎ 俄语语言文学 女 202120081488==&lt;br /&gt;
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倪云林即倪瓒，字云林，是元代名画家；唐伯虎即唐寅(字伯虎)、祝枝山即祝允明(字枝山)，都是明代名画家、文学家；李龟年(唐代人)、黄幡绰(唐代人)、敬新磨(五代后唐人)，都是名艺人；&lt;br /&gt;
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Ni Yunlin, i.e Ni Zan, was a famous painter in the Yuan Dynasty. Tang Bohu i.e Tang Yin (styled Bohu), Zhu Zhishan i.e Zhu Yunming (styled Zhishan), are famous Ming dynasty painters, litterateurs; Li Gunian (Tang Dynasty), Huang Fan Chuo (Tang Dynasty), Jing Xinmo (five dynasties later Tang dynasty), are famous artists;--[[User:Gong Boya|Gong Boya]] ([[User talk:Gong Boya|talk]]) 12:23, 15 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Ni Yunlin, or Ni Zan, or Ni Yunlin, was a famous painter in the Yuan dynasty; Tang Bohu (or Tang Yin) and Zhu Zhishan (or Zhu Yunming) were famous painters and literary figures in the Ming dynasty; Li Guinian (of the Tang dynasty), Huang Fanchuo (of the Tang dynasty), and Jing Xinmo (of the post-Tang dynasty of the Five Dynasties) were all famous artists.--[[User:He Qin|He Qin]] ([[User talk:He Qin|talk]]) 06:39, 15 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==何芩 Hé Qín 翻译学 女 202120081489==&lt;br /&gt;
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卓文君(已见第一回注)、红拂(先为隋相杨素的侍女，后私奔李靖，也是前蜀·杜光庭《虬髯客传》中的女主人公)、薛涛(唐代才妓)、崔莺(即唐·元稹《会真记》、元·王实甫《西厢记》中的崔莺莺)、朝云(宋代名妓)，他们都是以才貌流芳的名女。​&lt;br /&gt;
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Zhuo Wenjun (see the first chapter note), Hong Fu (she used to be as the servant of the Sui minister Yang Su, then eloping to Li Jing; she was also the heroine of ''The Legend of the Gnarled Man'' by Du Guangting), Xue Tao (a talented prostitute of the Tang Dynasty), Cui Ying (i.e. Cui Yingying of Yuan Zhen's ''The Book of Hui Zhen'' and  Wang Shifu's &amp;quot;The Western Chamber&amp;quot;), Zhaoyun (a famous prostitute of the Song Dynasty), they are all famous for their talent and beauty. --[[User:He Qin|He Qin]] ([[User talk:He Qin|talk]]) 06:32, 15 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==胡舒情 Hú Shūqíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081490==&lt;br /&gt;
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成则公侯败则贼──意谓成功的人便能获得公爵、侯爵之类的高官显爵，失败的人便被看作贼寇。表示世上并无公理，世人不讲是非，只论成功与失败，即只以成败论英雄。这里化用了“败则盗贼，成则帝王”。​&lt;br /&gt;
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Success makes the Duke while failure makes the theif ——which means that, If one is successful, he will be worshipped as the Duke. While one is unsuccessful, he will be despised as the thief. It expresses that there is no generally acknowledged truth in the world and people neglect justice and only pay attention to success and failure, that is, the sole measure. It coins a phrase here, “Failure makes a thief， success a king.”&lt;br /&gt;
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The winner is Duke, the looser is theif means that the person who succeeded would be entitled like Duke and who failed would be dispised as a theif. It presents that there is no generally acknowledged truth in the world and people neglect justice and only pay attention to success and failure, that is, the sole measure. It coins a phrase here, “Failure makes a thief， success a king.”--[[User:Huang Jinyun|Huang Jinyun]] ([[User talk:Huang Jinyun|talk]]) 14:58, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄锦云 Huáng Jǐnyún 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081491==&lt;br /&gt;
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出自宋·邓牧《君道》：“嘻！天下何常之有？败则盗贼，成则帝王。”东床──指女婿。典出《晋书·王羲之传》、南朝宋·刘义庆《世说新语·雅量》：晋朝太尉郗鉴派人至丞相王导家相婿，王丞相令其到东厢房随意挑选。&lt;br /&gt;
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It is cited from Deng Mu's How to Be Emperor, a work in Song dynasty, saying &amp;quot;how can the world be immutable! The loser is the thief, and the winner is the emperor.&amp;quot;  Dongchuang refers to the son-in-law, used in Books of Jin: Wang Xizhi's Biography&amp;quot; and Liu Yiqing's &amp;quot;Shi Shuo Xin Yu · Elegance&amp;quot; (Southern Song dynasty): In Jin dynasty Tai Wei (supreme government official in charge of military affairs) Xijian sent an underlying to the prime minister Wang Dao's house for taking in a son-in-law, and Prime Minister Wang invite him to choose at will in the east wing.--[[User:Huang Jinyun|Huang Jinyun]] ([[User talk:Huang Jinyun|talk]]) 14:43, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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It is cited from Deng Mu's How to Be Emperor, a work in Song dynasty, saying &amp;quot;how can the world be immutable! The loser is the thief, and the winner is the emperor.&amp;quot; Dongchuang refers to the son-in-law, used in Books of Jin: Wang Xizhi's Biography&amp;quot; and Liu Yiqing's &amp;quot;Shi Shuo Xin Yu · Elegance&amp;quot; (Southern Song dynasty): In Jin dynasty Tai Wei (supreme government official in charge of military affairs) Xijian sent an official to the prime minister Wang Dao's house choosing a son-in-law, and Prime Minister Wang invited him to choose at will in the east wing room.--[[User:Huang Yiyan1|Huang Yiyan1]] ([[User talk:Huang Yiyan1|talk]]) 14:51, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄逸妍 Huáng Yìyán 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081492==&lt;br /&gt;
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此人过去一看，见王家诸郎皆很矜持，唯独王羲之坦腹躺在东床之上，毫不在乎。此人回报，郗鉴即选中王羲之为婿。后世即以“东床”、“东床坦腹”、“东床客”、“东床娇客”等代指女婿。​&lt;br /&gt;
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The man looked over and saw that all the  lords of Wang family were very reserved, except Wang Xizhi, who was lying on the east bed and didn't care, showing his belly. In return, Xi Jian chose Wang Xizhi as his son-in-law. Later generations referred to the son-in-law with &amp;quot;East Bed&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;East Bed Man Showing Belly&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;East Bed Guest&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;East Bed Distinguished Guest&amp;quot; and so on.--[[User:Huang Yiyan1|Huang Yiyan1]] ([[User talk:Huang Yiyan1|talk]]) 04:59, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄柱梁 Huáng Zhùliáng 国别 男 202120081493==&lt;br /&gt;
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退了一舍之地──意谓退避三十里。形容退居其后，不敢与争。 一舍：三十里。 这里化用了“退避三舍”之典。&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Jin Xiaotong|Jin Xiaotong]] ([[User talk:Jin Xiaotong|talk]]) 12:02, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==金晓童 Jīn Xiǎotóng  202120081494==&lt;br /&gt;
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典出《左传·僖公二十三年》：春秋时，晋国公子重耳出奔至楚，楚成王礼遇之，因问道：“公子若反(返)晋国，则何以报不谷？”重耳对曰：“若以君之灵，得反晋国，晋、楚治兵，遇于中原，其辟(避)君三舍。”&lt;br /&gt;
This story comes from ''Zuo Zhuan · Xi public twenty three years'': During the Spring and Autumn Period (777-476 BC), Childe Chong Er of the state of Jin went to the state of Chu. King Cheng of Chu gave a banquet for Chong er and asked, &amp;quot;If childe returns to the state of Jin, how will you repay me? Chong Er answered, &amp;quot;If I can return to the state of Jin, if the troops of the state of Jin and the state of Chu meet each other in the Central Plains, I will ask the troops of the state of Jin to retreat 90 li.--[[User:Jin Xiaotong|Jin Xiaotong]] ([[User talk:Jin Xiaotong|talk]]) 06:56, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邝艳丽 Kuàng Yànl 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081495==&lt;br /&gt;
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后重耳返国为君，晋、楚城濮(在今山东省鄄城县西南)之战，重耳遵守诺言，晋军果“退三舍以辟之”。&lt;br /&gt;
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第三回&lt;br /&gt;
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托内兄如海荐西宾 接外孙贾母惜孤女&lt;br /&gt;
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==李爱璇 Lǐ Àixuán 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081496==&lt;br /&gt;
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却说雨村忙回头看时，不是别人，乃是当日同僚一案参革的张如圭。他系此地人，革后家居，今打听得都中奏准起复旧员之信，他便四下里寻情找门路，忽遇见雨村，故忙道喜。二人见了礼，张如圭便将此信告知雨村。&lt;br /&gt;
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Yue-ts'un, turning round in a hurry, perceived that the speaker was no other than a certain Chang Ju-kuei, an old colleague of his, who had been denounced and deprived of office, on account of some case or other; a native of that district, who had, since his degradation, resided in his home.Having come to hear the news that a memorial, presented in the capital, that the former officers (who had been cashiered) should be reinstated, had received the imperial consent, he had promptly done all he could, in every nook and corner, to obtain influence, and to find the means (of righting his position,) when he, unexpectedly, came across Yue-ts'un, to whom he therefore lost no time in offering his congratulations. The two friends exchanged the conventional salutations, and Chang Ju-kuei communicated the tidings to Yue-ts'un.&lt;br /&gt;
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Yue-ts'un, speedily looking back on, perceived that the speaker was no other than a certain Chang Ju-kuei, an old colleague of his, who had participated in the former case but been denounced and deprived of office, on account of some case or other. He was a native of that district, who had resided at home since his degradation. Having lately come to hear the news that a memorial, presented in the capital, that the former officers (who had been cashiered) should be reinstated, had received the imperial consent, he had promptly done all he could to obtain influence, and to find the means of righting his position. When he, unexpectedly, came across Yue-ts'un, he offered offering his congratulations to him soon. The two friends greeted to each other, exchanging the conventional salutations, and Chang Ju-kuei forthwith passed on the information to Yue-ts'un.--[[User:Li Ruiyang|Li Ruiyang]] ([[User talk:Li Ruiyang|talk]]) 04:55, 15 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李瑞洋 Lǐ Ruìyáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081497==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村欢喜，忙忙叙了两句，各自别去回家。冷子兴听得此言，便忙献计，令雨村央求林如海，转向都中去央烦贾政。雨村领其意而别，回至馆中，忙寻邸报看真确了。次日，面谋之如海。如海道：“天缘凑巧。&lt;br /&gt;
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Yue-ts'un was delighted, but after he had made a few remarks in a hurry, each took his leave and sped on his own way homewards. After hearing this conversation,  Leng Tzu-hsing hastened at once to propose a plan, advising Yue-ts'un to request Lin Ju-hai, then, in his turn, to appeal to Chia Cheng in the capital for support. Yue-ts'un accepted the suggestion, and took leave of him. Upon returning to the quarter, he made all haste to lay his hand on the Metropolitan Gazette, to ascertain whether the news was authentic or not. On the next day, he had a personal consultation with Ju-hai. &amp;quot;Providence and good fortune are both alike propitious!&amp;quot; said by Ju-hai.--[[User:Li Ruiyang|Li Ruiyang]] ([[User talk:Li Ruiyang|talk]]) 04:57, 15 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Yue-ts'un was delighted, but after he they made a short conversation, each of them stepped on their own way homewards. After hearing the words of Yue-ts'un, Leng Tzu-hsing hastened at once to propose a plan, advising Yue-ts'un to request Lin Ju-hai, then, in his turn, to appeal to Chia Cheng in the capital for support. Yue-ts'un accepted the suggestion, and took leave of him. Upon returning to the quarter, he made all haste to read the Metropolitan Gazette, to ascertain the authenticity of that news. On the next day, he made a personal consultation with Ju-hai. Thus, Ju-hai said, &amp;quot;Providence and good fortune are both alike propitious!&amp;quot; --[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 13:06, 15 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李姗 Lǐ Shān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081498==&lt;br /&gt;
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因贱荆去世，都中家岳母念及小女无人依傍，前已遣了男女、船只来接，因小女未曾大痊，故尚未行。此刻正思送女进京。因向蒙教训之恩，未经酬报，遇此机会，岂有不尽心图报之理？弟已预筹之，修下荐书一封，托内兄务为周全，方可稍尽弟之鄙诚；&lt;br /&gt;
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Since my wife has passed away, my mother-in-law has long before dispatched servants and transporting boats here to fetch my lonely daughter. But she has not set off yet due to the fact that she had not fully recovered at that time. As she is in good condition now, I am considering sending her to her grandma's. Once you have taught my daughter but desired no handsome payment; while now you need help, how can I sit on the fence? I have already well prepared for that in advance --- a recommendation letter has been written to my brother-in-law, to ensure your success in career. Only in this way can I show my gratitude towards you.--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 08:15, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Since my wife has passed away, my mother-in-law who lives in the capital worried that my daughter has no one to rely on. So she has long before dispatched servants and transporting boats here to fetch my lonely daughter. But she has not set off yet due to the fact that she had not fully recovered at that time. As she is in good condition now, I am considering sending her to her grandma's. Once you have taught my daughter but desired no handsome payment; while now you need help, how can I sit on the fence? I have already well prepared for that in advance --- a recommendation letter has been written to my brother-in-law, to ensure your success in career. Only in this way can I show my gratitude towards you.--[[User:Li Shuang|Li Shuang]] ([[User talk:Li Shuang|talk]]) 07:43, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李双 Lǐ Shuāng 翻译学 女 202120081499==&lt;br /&gt;
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即有所费，弟于内家信中写明，不劳吾兄多虑。”雨村一面打恭，谢不释口；一面又问：“不知令亲大人现居何职？只怕晚生草率，不敢进谒。”如海笑道：“若论舍亲，与尊兄犹系一家，乃荣公之孙：大内兄现袭一等将军之职，名赦，字恩侯；&lt;br /&gt;
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“As for the possible costs, I will explain in the letter. You don’t need to worry about it.” Yu Cun bent down and expressed his gratitude, asking: “What does your brother do now? I’m worried that I would take the liberty to pay a visit, it’s too hasty.” Ru Hai laughed and said: “My brother and your brother belong to the same family. They are both descendants of Origin Merchant. My eldest brother is now a first-class general, his name is Pardon Merchant, whose alternative given name is Enhou.”--[[User:Li Shuang|Li Shuang]] ([[User talk:Li Shuang|talk]]) 07:38, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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“As for the possible costs, I will explain in the letter. You needn’t to worry about it.” Yu Cun bent down and expressed his gratitude, asking: “What does your brother do now? I’m worried that I would take the liberty to pay a visit, it’s too hasty.” Ru Hai laughed and said: “My brother and your brother belong to the same family. They are both descendants of Ronggong. The eldest brother of my wife is now a first-class general, his name is Pardon Merchant, whose alternative given name is Enhou.” --[[User:Li Wenxuan|Li Wenxuan]] ([[User talk:Li Wenxuan|talk]]) 23:46, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李文璇 Lǐ Wénxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081500==&lt;br /&gt;
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二内兄名政，字存周，现任工部员外郎，其为人谦恭厚道，大有祖父遗风，非膏粱轻薄之流，故弟致书烦托，否则不但有污尊兄清操，即弟亦不屑为矣。”雨村听了，心下方信了昨日子兴之言，于是又谢了林如海。&lt;br /&gt;
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“The second brother of my wife named Zheng, his style name is Cunzhou. He is the Yuanwai official of the Ministry of Works in feudal China. He is moderate and kind, has the dignity of his grandfather, and is not the flimsy type. Therefore, my brother sent a letter to me. Otherwise, I will not only pollute my brother's operation, but also despise my brother.” After hearing this, Yuchun had believed the words of Zixing yesterday, therefore, he thanked Lin Ruhai again. --[[User:Li Wenxuan|Li Wenxuan]] ([[User talk:Li Wenxuan|talk]]) 01:27, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The second brother-in-law is named Zheng, and the word is kept in Zhou. He is currently a member of the Ministry of Engineering. He is courteous and kind. He has a grandfather's legacy. He is not anointing and frivolous. Disdainful. &amp;quot;Yucun listened, and believed in Xing's words from yesterday, so he thanked Lin Ruhai again.--[[User:Li Wen|Li Wen]] ([[User talk:Li Wen|talk]]) 14:12, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李雯 Lǐ Wén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081501==&lt;br /&gt;
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如海又说：“择了出月初二日小女入都，吾兄即同路而往，岂不两便？”雨村唯唯听命，心中十分得意。如海遂打点礼物并饯行之事，雨村一一领了。那女学生原不忍离亲而去，无奈他外祖母必欲其往，且兼如海说：“汝父年已半百，再无续室之意；&lt;br /&gt;
Ruhai also said: &amp;quot;I chose the girl to enter the capital on the second day of the lunar month, and my brother will go the same way. Isn't it both convenient?&amp;quot; Yucun obeyed,and RuHai was very satisfied . Ruhai then took some gifts and walked away, and Yucun took them one by one. The girl student couldn't bear to leave her relatives, but his grandmother wanted to go there. She also said like the sea: &amp;quot;Your father is half a hundred years old, and there is no intention to remarry.--[[User:Li Wen|Li Wen]] ([[User talk:Li Wen|talk]]) 14:11, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李新星 Lǐ Xīnxīng 亚非语言文学 女 202120081503==&lt;br /&gt;
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且汝多病，年又极小，上无亲母教养，下无姊妹扶持。今去依傍外祖母及舅氏姊妹，正好减我内顾之忧，如何不去？”黛玉听了，方洒泪拜别，随了奶娘及荣府中几个老妇登舟而去。雨村另有船只，带了两个小童，依附黛玉而行。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李怡 Lǐ Yí 法语语言文学 女 202120081504==&lt;br /&gt;
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一日到了京都，雨村先整了衣冠，带着童仆，拿了宗侄的名帖，至荣府门上投了。彼时贾政已看了妹丈之书，即忙请入相会。见雨村相貌魁伟，言谈不俗；且这贾政最喜的是读书人，礼贤下士，拯溺救危，大有祖风；况又系妹丈致意：因此优待雨村，更又不同。&lt;br /&gt;
One day, when YuCun arrived in Jingdou, he dressed himself, and went to Rongfu with his nephew's name card. At this time Jia Zheng had seen his brother-in-law's letter, immediately invited him to come in to meet. Yucun looked tall and handsome and talked well. And Jia Zheng most like scholar, courtesy, saving, great predecessors style; Therefore, Jia Zheng is very good to Yucun. He is different from others.--[[User:Li Yi|Li Yi]] ([[User talk:Li Yi|talk]]) 08:18, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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One day, when YuCun arrived in Jingdou, he dressed himself, and went to Rongfu with his nephew's name card. At this time Jia Zheng had received  his brother-in-law's letter, immediately invited him to come in to meet. Yucun looked tall and handsome and talked well. And Jia Zheng most like scholar, courtesy, saving, great predecessors style; Therefore, Jia Zheng is very good to Yucun. He is different from others.--[[User:Liu Shengnan|Liu Shengnan]] ([[User talk:Liu Shengnan|talk]]) 11:51, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘沛婷 Liú Pèitíng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081505==&lt;br /&gt;
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便极力帮助，题奏之日，谋了一个复职。不上两月，便选了金陵应天府，辞了贾政，择日到任去了，不在话下。且说黛玉自那日弃舟登岸时，便有荣府打发轿子并拉行李车辆伺候。这黛玉尝听得母亲说，他外祖母家与别人家不同。&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘胜楠 Liú Shèngnán 翻译学 女 202120081506==&lt;br /&gt;
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他近日所见的这几个三等的仆妇，吃穿用度，已是不凡；何况今至其家，都要步步留心，时时在意，不要多说一句话，不可多行一步路，恐被人耻笑了去。自上了轿，进了城，从纱窗中瞧了一瞧，其街市之繁华，人烟之阜盛，自非别处可比。&lt;br /&gt;
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In the past few days, she has been deeply impressed by the food, clothing and behavior of the low- ranking attendants who accompanied her. She decided that in their new home, she must always be vigilant and carefully weigh every word so as not to be ridiculed for any stupid mistake. When she carried into the city, she peeped out through the gauze window on her chair at the bustling and crowded streets, which she had never seen before.--[[User:Liu Shengnan|Liu Shengnan]] ([[User talk:Liu Shengnan|talk]]) 08:32, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The three-class servants she had seen recently have an extraordinary cost of food and clothing. What's more, since got on the sedan chair and entered the city, the prosperous market and the populousness of the city through the screen window were not comparable to other places. when coming to grandmother's mansion must pay attention to every step and be cautious with words so as not to be ridiculed by others. Daiyu thought.  --[[User:Liu Wei|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei|talk]]) 15:56, 12 December 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘薇 Liú Wēi 国别 女 202120081507==&lt;br /&gt;
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又行了半日，忽见街北蹲着两个大石狮子，三间兽头大门，门前列坐着十来个华冠丽服之人。正门不开，只东、西两角门有人出入。正门之上有一匾，匾上大书“敕造宁国府”五个大字。黛玉想道：“这是外祖的长房了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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After half day, there are two large stone lions squatting on the north side of the street, three gates decorated with beast head, and a dozen people in gorgeous crowns and clothes are sitting in front of the gate. The main gate is closing, only the east and west corners enterences are accessible. There is a plaque above the main gate with five big characters &amp;quot;Ningguo Mansion&amp;quot;.  &amp;quot;That must be grandfather's the first son's mansion.&amp;quot;Daiyu thought.  --[[User:Liu Wei|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei|talk]]) 15:39, 12 December 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei&lt;br /&gt;
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After another half-day walk, they came to a street with two huge stone lions crouching on the north side and three gates decorated with beast head, in front of which ten or more people in gorgeous crowns and clothes were sitting. The main gate was shut, with only people passing in and out of the other two smaller gates. On a board above the main gate was written in big characters &amp;quot;Ningguo Mansion Built at Imperial Command&amp;quot;. Daiyu realized that this must be where the elder branch of her grandmather's family lived.--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 05:40, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘晓 Liú Xiǎo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081508==&lt;br /&gt;
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又往西不远，照样也是三间大门，方是荣国府，却不进正门，只由西角门而进。轿子抬着走了一箭之远，将转弯时便歇了轿，后面的婆子也都下来了。另换了四个眉目秀洁的十七八岁的小厮上来抬着轿子，众婆子步下跟随。&lt;br /&gt;
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A little further to the west they came to another three gates. This was the Rong Mansion. Instead of going through the main gate, they entered the one on the west. The bearers carried the chair a bow-shot further, and then set it down at the turning and withdrew, the maidservants now going down the chair. Another four seventeen or eighteen smartly dressed lads picked up the chair, followed by the maids.--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 05:09, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Not far to the west is the same three-room gate, which is the Rongguo Mansion. Instead of going through the main gate, they entered the one on the west. The bearers carried the chair a bow-shot further, and then set it down at the turning and withdrew, the maidservants now going down the chair. Another four seventeen or eighteen smartly dressed lads picked up the chair, followed by the maids.--[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 07:26, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘越 Liú Yuè 亚非语言文学 女 202120081509==&lt;br /&gt;
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至一垂花门前落下，那小厮俱肃然退出。众婆子上前打起轿帘，扶黛玉下了轿。黛玉扶着婆子的手，进了垂花门，两边是超手游廊，正中是穿堂，当地放着一个紫檀架子大理石屏风。转过屏风，小小三间厅房。&lt;br /&gt;
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When the palanquin was dropped in front of a pendant door, the attendants all retired in silence. The ladies came forward and raised the curtain of the palanquin and helped Daiyu out of the palanquin. The two sides of the door are overhand corridors, and the centre is a hall with a marble screen on a rosewood frame. Turning past the screen, there is a small three-room hall.--[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 07:22, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘运心 Liú Yùnxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081510==&lt;br /&gt;
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厅后便是正房大院：正面五间上房，皆是雕梁画栋；两边穿山游廊、厢房，挂着各色鹦鹉、画眉等雀鸟。台阶上坐着几个穿红着绿的丫头，一见他们来了，都笑迎上来道：“刚才老太太还念诵呢，可巧就来了。”于是三四人争着打帘子。一面听得人说：“林姑娘来了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗安怡 Luó Ānyí 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081511==&lt;br /&gt;
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黛玉方进房，只见两个人扶着一位鬓发如银的老母迎上来。黛玉知是外祖母了，正欲下拜，早被外祖母抱住，搂入怀中，“心肝儿肉”叫着大哭起来。当下侍立之人无不下泪，黛玉也哭个不休。众人慢慢解劝，那黛玉方拜见了外祖母。&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗曦 Luó Xī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081512==&lt;br /&gt;
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贾母方一一指与黛玉道：“这是你大舅母。这是二舅母。这是你先前珠大哥的媳妇珠大嫂子。”黛玉一一拜见。贾母又说：“请姑娘们。今日远客来了，可以不必上学去。”众人答应了一声，便去了两个。&lt;br /&gt;
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==马新 Mǎ Xīn 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081513==&lt;br /&gt;
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不一时，只见三个奶妈并五六个丫鬟，拥着三位姑娘来了：第一个肌肤微丰，身材合中，腮凝新荔，鼻腻鹅脂，温柔沉默，观之可亲；第二个削肩细腰，长挑身材，鸭蛋脸儿，俊眼修眉，顾盼神飞，文彩精华，见之忘俗；&lt;br /&gt;
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In a little while, three grannies and five or six servant girls turned up, clustering with three ladies. The first was somewhere plump in figure and of average height; her cheek was in beautiful shape, like a fresh lichee; her nose was glossy like the goose grease; she was gentle and quiet in nature, who looks very friendly. The second  was thin and tall with an oval face, sparking eyes and long eyebrows; her elegance and quick-witted mind tickle people’s fancy, letting them forget everything vulgar.--[[User:Ma Xin|Ma Xin]] ([[User talk:Ma Xin|talk]]) 08:11, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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After a while, the three young ladies showed up, escorted by three wet nurses and five or six maids. The first was slightly plump and of medium height; her cheeks were as smooth and soft as the newly ripened lichees, and her nose was as glossy as goose fat. She was tender and reticent, and looked very affable. The second had drooping shoulders and a slender waist; she was tall and slim, with an oval face, bright and piercing eyes as well as delicate eyebrows. She seemed elegant, quick-witted and in high spirits, with a display of distinctive charm. People who looked at her were to forget everything vulgar and tawdry.--[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 23:42, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛雅文 Máo Yǎwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081514==&lt;br /&gt;
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第三个身量未足，形容尚小：其钗环裙袄，三人皆是一样的妆束。黛玉忙起身，迎上来见礼，互相厮认，归了坐位。丫鬟送上茶来。不过叙些黛玉之母如何得病，如何请医服药，如何送死发丧。不免贾母又伤感起来，因说：“我这些女孩儿，所疼的独有你母亲。&lt;br /&gt;
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The third one was not yet fully grown, and she still had the face of a child. All the three young ladies were dressed in similar garments, that is, the tunics and the skirts with the same bracelets and head ornaments. Daiyu hastily rose to greet politely these cousins, and then they introduced to and acquainted with each other, after which they took seats while the maids served the tea. All their talk now was about Daiyu's mother: the culprit for her illness, the medicine that the doctors prescribed for treating her disease, and the conduction of her funeral and mourning ceremonies. Inevitably, the Lady Dowager couldn't help being affected painfully. &amp;quot;Of all my chilren I loved your mother best,&amp;quot; she told Daiyu.--[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 07:49, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛优 Máo Yōu 俄语语言文学 女 202120081515==&lt;br /&gt;
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今一旦先我而亡，不得见面，怎不伤心！”说着，携了黛玉的手，又哭起来。众人都忙相劝慰，方略略止住。众人见黛玉年纪虽小，其举止言谈不俗；身体面貌虽弱不胜衣，却有一段风流态度，便知他有不足之症。&lt;br /&gt;
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Once she died before me, I could not see her again. She said, taking Daiyu's hand, and cried again. Everyone was busy trying to console her, and soon she slightly stopped. They saw that although Daiyu was young, her manner and speech were not ordinary; although her health was weak, she had graceful and elegant manner, so they knew that she had a disease of deficiency.--[[User:Mao You|Mao You]] ([[User talk:Mao You|talk]]) 08:43, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;Once she died before me, it is so sad that I could not see her again.&amp;quot; she said, taking Daiyu's hand, and cried again. Everyone was trying to console her, and then she slightly stopped. They saw that although Daiyu was young, her manner and speech were not ordinary; although she was weak, she had graceful and elegant gestures, so they learned that she had a disease of deficiency.--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 06:35, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==牟一心 Móu Yīxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081516==&lt;br /&gt;
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因问：“常服何药？为何不治好了？”黛玉道：“我自来如此，从会吃饭时便吃药到如今了，经过多少名医，总未见效。那一年我才三岁，记得来了一个癞头和尚，说要化我去出家，我父母自是不从。&lt;br /&gt;
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So they asked:&amp;quot; What medicine do you usually take? Why doesn't it work?&amp;quot; Daiyu replied:&amp;quot; I am used to getting along with my disease. I have been taking medicine since I could eat. A lot of famous daocters cannot contribute to my illness.When I was three years old, a monk with favus on the head came to persuade me to become a nun,but my parents declined him.--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 08:07, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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They then asked, &amp;quot;What medicines do you take regularly? Why can't you cure your illness?&amp;quot; Daiyu said, &amp;quot;I am used to getting along with my disease. I have been taking medicine since I could eat. A lot of famous docters cannot contribute to my illness. I was only three years old when I remember a mangy monk came and said he wanted to convert me to a monk, but my parents refused.--[[User:Peng Ruixue|Peng Ruixue]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruixue|talk]]) 06:29, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==彭瑞雪 Péng Ruìxuě 法语语言文学 女 202120081517==&lt;br /&gt;
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他又说：‘既舍不得他，但只怕他的病，一生也不能好的；若要好时，除非从此以后，总不许见哭声，除父母之外，凡有外亲，一概不见，方可平安了此一生。’这和尚疯疯癫癫，说了这些不经之谈，也没人理他。&lt;br /&gt;
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The monk said, &amp;quot;if you can't bear to part with her she'll probably nerver get well. The only remedy is to keep her from hearing weeping and from seeing any relatives apart from her father and mother. That's her only hope of having a quiet life.&amp;quot; No one paid any attention, of course, to such crazy talk.--[[User:Peng Ruixue|Peng Ruixue]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruixue|talk]]) 06:24, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==秦建安 Qín Jiànān 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081518==&lt;br /&gt;
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如今还是吃人参养荣丸。”贾母道：“这正好，我这里正配丸药呢，叫他们多配一料就是了。”一语未完，只听后院中有笑语声，说：“我来迟了，没得迎接远客。”黛玉思忖道：“这些人个个皆敛声屏气如此，这来者是谁，这样放诞无礼？”&lt;br /&gt;
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Now Lin Daiyu is still taking ginseng pills.And Grandma Jia said:&amp;quot; What a coincidence! The pills are making now, I just tell them to add one.&amp;quot; The words have not been finished, but there is a laugh in the back yard, which said:&amp;quot; I come late and fail to welcome our distinguished guest.&amp;quot; Daiyu thought: all people here are holding their breath, who is this person that is so arrogant and rude?--[[User:Qing Jianan|Qing Jianan]] ([[User talk:Qing Jianan|talk]]) 08:19, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Now Lin Daiyu is still taking ginseng pills. And Grandmother Jia said:&amp;quot; It just so happens that I have been asking them to dispense the pills, just asking them to do one more portion.&amp;quot; The words are not  finished, but there is a laugh in the back yard, which said:&amp;quot; I am late and fail to welcome our distinguished guest.&amp;quot; Daiyu thought: “all people here are holding their breath, who is this person that is so arrogant and rude?”--[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 09:33, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邱婷婷 Qiū Tíngtíng 英语语言文学（语言学）女 202120081519==&lt;br /&gt;
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心下想时，只见一群媳妇、丫鬟拥着一个丽人，从后房进来。这个人打扮与姑娘们不同，彩绣辉煌，恍若神妃仙子：头上戴着金丝八宝攒珠髻，绾着朝阳五凤挂珠钗；项上戴着赤金盘螭缨络圈；身上穿着缕金百蝶穿花大红云缎窄褃袄，外罩五彩刻丝石青银鼠褂；&lt;br /&gt;
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While Lin Daiyu is still thinking about it, a group of daughters-in-law and maids cluster around a beauty coming in from the back room. She dresses up differently from other girls, with colorful embroidery splendor, and looks like a divine concubine or a fairy: wearing a gold silk beads bun decorated with eight treasures and the five phoenix hairpin hanging with beads on the head; a red gold coiled chi dragon tassel ring around the neck; the bright red made of cloud satin material narrow lining cotton jacket with decorations of wisps of gold hundred butterflies and flowers, and the outer coat with decorations of the multicolored engraved silk stone green silver mouse.  --[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 09:34, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Lin Daiyu was still thinking about it when she saw a group of daughters-in-law and maids embracing a beautiful woman who came in from the back room. This woman dresses differently from the girls,  with colorful embroidery splendor,  and looks like a divine concubine fairy: wearing a gold silk eight treasure save beads bun and the sunrise five phoenix hanging beads hairpin on the head; a red gold coiled chi dragon tassel ring around the neck; wearing the bright red made of cloud satin material narrow lining cotton jacket with decorations of wisps of gold hundred butterflies and flowers, and  the outer coat with decorations of the multicolored engraved silk stone green silver mouse.--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 07:47, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==饶金盈 Ráo Jīnyíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081520==&lt;br /&gt;
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下着翡翠撒花洋绉裙。一双丹凤三角眼，两弯柳叶吊梢眉。身量苗条，体格风骚。粉面含春威不露，丹唇未启笑先闻。黛玉连忙起身接见。贾母笑道：“你不认得他。他是我们这里有名的一个泼辣货，南京所谓‘辣子’，你只叫他‘凤辣子’就是了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Wang Xifeng wore a jadeite flowered dress underneath, with a pair of phoenix triangle eyes and two curved willow hanging eyebrows. Her figure is slim and her physique is flirtatious. She can be described with “ the face is delicate and beautiful, spirited character of her is not revealed in the appearance, red lips beautiful, not yet open mouth first heard her laugh”. Lin Daiyu hastily got up to curtsy to  her. Lady Dowager said with a smile, &amp;quot;You do not recognize her. She is famous for her boldness and vigorousness  here, she is truly the 'chilli woman' in Nanjing dialect, you can just call her ' chilli Feng'.&amp;quot;--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 07:35, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Wang Xifeng, characterized by a pair of phoenix triangle eyes and two curved willow hanging eyebrows, wore an emerald flowered crepe skirt. She was slender and coquettish, with a delicate face and a smiling lip. Daiyu promptly rose quickly to greet her. Lady Dowager said with a smile: “ you don’t know him. He is famous for her fierceness and toughness, namely the so-called Nanjing chilli. So you can just call him ‘Chilli Feng’.”--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 12:48, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==石丽青 Shí Lìqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081521==&lt;br /&gt;
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黛玉正不知以何称呼，众姊妹都忙告诉黛玉道：“这是琏二嫂子。”黛玉虽不曾识面，听见他母亲说过：大舅贾赦之子贾琏，娶的就是二舅母王氏的内侄女，自幼假充男儿教养，叫做王熙凤学名。黛玉忙陪笑见礼，以“嫂”呼之。&lt;br /&gt;
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Daiyu was insensible of what to call her. Then her sisters told her promptly: “ this is your sister-in-law Lian Er.” Although Daiyu had never met her, she heard of her from his mother: Jia Lian, the son of her Uncle Jia She, had married the niece of Aunt Wang, named scientifically Wang Xifeng, was brought up as a male offspring since childhood. Daiyu was engaged in smiling and saluting at her, calling her “sister-in-law”.--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 12:32, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Daiyu didn't know what to call her. Then her sisters told her promptly: “This is your sister-in-law Lian Er.” Although Daiyu had never met her, she heard of her from his mother: Jia Lian, the son of her Uncle Jia She, had married the niece of Aunt Wang.She was brought up as a male offspring since childhood and her academic name is Wang Xifeng. Daiyu was engaged in smiling and saluting at her, calling her “sister-in-law”.--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 01:55, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==孙雅诗 Sūn Yǎshī 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081522==&lt;br /&gt;
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这熙凤携着黛玉的手，上下细细打量了一回，便仍送至贾母身边坐下，因笑道：“天下真有这样标致人儿！我今日才算看见了。况且这通身的气派，竟不像老祖宗的外孙女儿，竟是嫡亲的孙女儿似的，怨不得老祖宗天天嘴里心里放不下。&lt;br /&gt;
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Taking Daiyu's hand, Xifeng looked up and down her carefully, then she sent her to Mother Jia's side to sit down.She laughed and said:&amp;quot;There is really such a beautiful person in the world!I didn't see her until today.Moreover,the style of her makes her be more like your son's daughter than your daughter's daughter.It's no wonder that you are concerned about her so much.--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 01:49, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Taking Daiyu's hand, Xifeng looked her up and down carefully, then sent her to Mother Jia's side to sit down. She laughed and said:&amp;quot;There is really such a beautiful person in the world! I haven’t seen her until today. Moreover, her extraordinary temperament makes her be more like your son's daughter rather than your daughter's daughter. It's no wonder that you are concerned about her so much. --[[User:Wang Lifei|Wang Lifei]] ([[User talk:Wang Lifei|talk]]) 06:48, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王李菲 Wáng Lǐfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081523==&lt;br /&gt;
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只可怜我这妹妹这么命苦，怎么姑妈偏就去世了呢？”说着便用帕拭泪。贾母笑道：“我才好了，你又来招我；你妹妹远路才来，身子又弱，也才劝住了：快别再提了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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I pity my sister for being so miserable, how could my aunt died so early?&amp;quot; She said, wiping her tears with her handkerchief. Grandma Jia laughed and said, &amp;quot;I've just recovered. You come to provoke me again. Your sister has just arrived from a long journey and is weak, so she has just been persuaded: Don't mention it again.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wang Lifei|Wang Lifei]] ([[User talk:Wang Lifei|talk]]) 02:37, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I pity my sister who is so miserable, how could my aunt have died?&amp;quot; She said, wiping her tears with her handkerchief. Your sister has only just arrived from a long journey and is weak, so she has only just been persuaded to stop talking about it.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wang Yifan21|Wang Yifan21]] ([[User talk:Wang Yifan21|talk]]) 08:22, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王逸凡 Wáng Yìfán 亚非语言文学 女 202120081524==&lt;br /&gt;
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熙凤听了，忙转悲为喜道：“正是呢，我一见了妹妹，一心都在他身上，又是喜欢，又是伤心，竟忘了老祖宗了。该打，该打！”又忙拉着黛玉的手问道：“妹妹几岁了？可也上过学？现吃什么药？在这里别想家。&lt;br /&gt;
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The first time I saw my sister, I was all over him, and I liked him, and I was sad, and I forgot about my ancestors. You should be beaten, you should be beaten!&amp;quot; He also took Daiyu's hand and asked, &amp;quot;How old is my sister? How old is she? What kind of medicine do you take now? Don't be homesick here.--[[User:Wang Yifan21|Wang Yifan21]] ([[User talk:Wang Yifan21|talk]]) 08:21, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王镇隆 Wáng Zhènlóng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 男 202120081525==&lt;br /&gt;
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要什么吃的，什么玩的，只管告诉我；丫头、老婆们不好，也只管告诉我。”黛玉一一答应。一面熙凤又问人：“林姑娘的东西可搬进来了？带了几个人来？你们赶早打扫两间屋子，叫他们歇歇儿去。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Just tell me what you want to eat and play; Girls and old servants are not good, just tell me. &amp;quot; Daiyu nodded one by one. On one side, Xifeng asked, &amp;quot;have you moved in Miss Lin's things? How many people have you brought? Clean the two rooms early and tell them to have a rest.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wang Zhenlong|Wang Zhenlong]] ([[User talk:Wang Zhenlong|talk]]) 06:54, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Tell me what you want to eat and play; And if the maids or old nurses aren't good to you, just let me know. &amp;quot; Daiyu nodded one by one. At the same time, Xifeng asked, &amp;quot;Have Miss Lin's things been moved in? And how many people does she bring? Clean the two rooms as soon as possible and tell them to have a rest there.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wei Yiwen|Wei Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Wei Yiwen|talk]]) 08:24, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==卫怡雯 Wèi Yíwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081526==&lt;br /&gt;
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说话时已摆了果茶上来，熙凤亲自布让。又见二舅母问他：“月钱放完了没有？”熙凤道：“放完了。刚才带了人到后楼上找缎子，找了半日，也没见昨儿太太说的那个。想必太太记错了。”王夫人道：“有没有，什么要紧！”&lt;br /&gt;
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Fruits and tea had been prepared when Xifeng was talking, and she arranged them by herself. The second aunt asked her whether the monthly payment has been given out, she answered yes. “I looked for the satin in the back stairs with some people for hours just now, but didn’t find which madam mentioned yesterday. Madam must be wrong.” Wang Xifeng said, and Mrs. Wang answered, “ It doesn’t matter if there is or not.”--[[User:Wei Yiwen|Wei Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Wei Yiwen|talk]]) 07:45, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Fruits and tea had been prepared when Xifeng was talking, and she arranged them by herself. The second aunt asked her, &amp;quot;Have the monthly payment been given out?&amp;quot; Xifeng answered, &amp;quot;Yes. And I looked for the satin in the back stairs with some people for hours just now, but didn’t find what madam mentioned yesterday. Madam mabey remember something wrong.” Mrs. Wang replied, “ It doesn’t matter if there is or not.”--[[User:Wei Chuxuan|Wei Chuxuan]] ([[User talk:Wei Chuxuan|talk]]) 09:03, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏楚璇 Wèi Chǔxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081527==&lt;br /&gt;
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因又说道：“该随手拿出两个来，给你这妹妹裁衣裳啊。等晚上想着，再叫人去拿罢。”熙凤道：“我倒先料着了，知道妹妹这两日必到，我已经预备下了。等太太回去过了目，好送来。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Mrs. Wang said, &amp;quot;You should take out a couple of satin pieces to cut your sister's dress. When you think of this matter in the evening, send someone for the satin .&amp;quot; Xifeng said, &amp;quot;I expected it. I knew my sister would arrive in these two days, and I had already made preparations. I will send someone for the satin as soon as you have returned and examined it.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wei Chuxuan|Wei Chuxuan]] ([[User talk:Wei Chuxuan|talk]]) 08:52, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Mrs. Wang added, &amp;quot;You should take out a couple of satin pieces to cut your sister's dress. When you think of this in the evening, send someone for the satin .&amp;quot; Xifeng said, &amp;quot;I have expected it. I know my sister will arrive in these two days, and I have already made preparations. I will send someone for the satin as soon as you have examined it.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wei Zhaoyan|Wei Zhaoyan]] ([[User talk:Wei Zhaoyan|talk]]) 13:58, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏兆妍 Wèi Zhàoyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081528==&lt;br /&gt;
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王夫人一笑，点头不语。当下茶果已撤，贾母命两个老嬷嬷带黛玉去见两个舅舅去。维时贾赦之妻邢氏忙起身笑回道：“我带了外甥女儿过去，到底便宜些。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Her Ladyship smiled, nodded and said nothing. Now the refreshments were cleared away and the Lady Dowager ordered two nurses to take Daiyu to see her two uncles. At this time, Mrs. She also immediately stood up, replied with smile, &amp;quot;it's also very convenient for me to take my niece.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wei Zhaoyan|Wei Zhaoyan]] ([[User talk:Wei Zhaoyan|talk]]) 13:51, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Her Ladyship smiled, nodded but  said nothing. Now the refreshments were cleared away and the Lady Dowager ordered two mothers to take Daiyu to see her two uncles. At this time, Mrs. She immediately stood up, replied with a smile, &amp;quot;it's also very convenient for me to take my niece.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wu Jingyue|Wu Jingyue]] ([[User talk:Wu Jingyue|talk]]) 08:37, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴婧悦 Wú Jìngyuè 俄语语言文学 女 202120081529==&lt;br /&gt;
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贾母笑道：“正是呢，你也去罢，不必过来了。”那邢夫人答应了，遂带着黛玉，和王夫人作辞，大家送至穿堂。垂花门前早有众小厮拉过一辆翠幄青油车来，邢夫人携了黛玉坐上，众老婆们放下车帘，方命小厮们抬起。&lt;br /&gt;
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Jiamu laughed and said: “ Yeah, you can also leave, and don’t have to come here.” Ms. Xing promised, and said goodbye to Ms Wang with Daiyu, all of them went through the hallway. The ingenious green carriage, which drove by a group of manservants stood in front of the floral-pendant gates, Ms. Xing set in the car with Daiyu, several old mothers put down the car shade, instructing boys uplift the carriage. --[[User:Wu Jingyue|Wu Jingyue]] ([[User talk:Wu Jingyue|talk]]) 08:35, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
The mother laughed and said, &amp;quot;Exactly, you also go, no need to come.&amp;quot; That Mrs. Xing agreed, so took Daiyu, and Mrs. Wang to say goodbye, we sent to the wear hall. The tent green oil carriage in front of the flower gate, Mrs. Xing took Daiyu to sit on it, the wives put down the curtain, and ordered the boys to lift it.--[[User:Wu Yinghong|Wu Yinghong]] ([[User talk:Wu Yinghong|talk]]) 01:13, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴映红 Wú Yìnghóng 日语语言文学 女 202120081530==&lt;br /&gt;
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拉至宽处，驾上驯骡，出了西角门往东，过荣府正门，入一黑油漆大门内，至仪门前方下了车。邢夫人挽着黛玉的手进入院中。黛玉度其处必是荣府中之花园隔断过来的。&lt;br /&gt;
Pulled to a wide place, driving on the tame mule, out of the west corner gate to the east, past the main gate of Rongfu, into a black-painted gate, to the front of the ceremony door down the car. Mrs. Xing took Daiyu's hand and entered the courtyard. The first thing you need to do is to get to the garden.&lt;br /&gt;
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Then he took the mule，went out the west Corner gate to the east, passed the main gate of Rongfu, entered a black painted gate, and got off in front of Yi gate. Lady Xing took Daiyu's hand and entered the courtyard. Daiyu spent its place must be the garden in the rong mansion partition come over.--[[User:Xiao Yiyao|Xiao Yiyao]] ([[User talk:Xiao Yiyao|talk]]) 01:38, 15 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531==&lt;br /&gt;
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进入三层仪门，果见正房、厢房、游廊悉皆小巧别致，不似那边的轩峻壮丽，且院中随处之树木山石皆好。及进入正室，早有许多艳妆丽服之姬妾、丫鬟迎着。邢夫人让黛玉坐了；一面令人到外书房中请贾赦。&lt;br /&gt;
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When we entered the three-story ceremonial gate, the main room, wing room and verandah were all small and unique, unlike those of the other side. Besides, the trees, mountains and stones in the courtyard were all good. When they entered the main room, there were many concubines and servant girls dressed in colourful makeup and beautiful clothes waiting for them. Madam Xing asked Daiyu to sit down and then let others invite Jia She in the outer study.--[[User:Xiao Yiyao|Xiao Yiyao]] ([[User talk:Xiao Yiyao|talk]]) 01:02, 15 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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When entering the three- layers ceremonial gate, Daiyu found that the main room, wing room and verandah were all small and unique, unlike those of the other side. Besides, the trees, mountains and stones in the courtyard were all good. When they entered the main room, there were many concubines and servant girls dressed in heavy makeup and beautiful clothes waiting for them. Madam Xing asked Daiyu to sit down and then let others invite Jia She in the outer study.--[[User:Xie Jiafen|Xie Jiafen]] ([[User talk:Xie Jiafen|talk]]) 12:10, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532==&lt;br /&gt;
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一时回来说：“老爷说了：‘连日身上不好，见了姑娘，彼此伤心，暂且不忍相见。劝姑娘不必伤怀想家，跟着老太太和舅母，是和家里一样的。姐妹们虽拙，大家一处作伴，也可以解些烦闷。或有委屈之处，只管说，别外道了才是。’”&lt;br /&gt;
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Mrs.Xing came back and said, &amp;quot;the master said, 'I've been felt not so good for days. I am afraid that I will be emotional if I see you, so I can't bear to see you for the time being. I advise you not to be homesick. It's the same as home to follow the old lady and aunt. Although the sisters are clumsy, you can relieve some boredom if you keep company together. If you have grievances, just tell us and make yourself at home.''--[[User:Xie Jiafen|Xie Jiafen]] ([[User talk:Xie Jiafen|talk]]) 12:07, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢庆琳 Xiè Qìnglín 俄语语言文学 女 202120081533==&lt;br /&gt;
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黛玉忙站起身来，一一答应了。再坐一刻便告辞，邢夫人苦留吃过饭去。黛玉笑回道：“舅母爱惜赐饭，原不应辞；只是还要过去拜见二舅舅，恐去迟了不恭，异日再领。望舅母容谅。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==熊敏 Xióng Mǐn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081534==&lt;br /&gt;
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邢夫人道：“这也罢了。”遂命两个嬷嬷用方才坐来的车送过去。于是黛玉告辞。邢夫人送至仪门前，又嘱咐了众人几句，眼看着车去了方回来。一时黛玉进入荣府，下了车，只见一条大甬路直接出大门来。&lt;br /&gt;
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==徐敏赟 Xú Mǐnyūn 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 男 202120081535==&lt;br /&gt;
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众嬷嬷引着，便往东转弯，走过一座东西穿堂，向南大厅之后，仪门内大院落：上面五间大正房，两边厢房，鹿顶耳房钻山，四通八达，轩昂壮丽，比各处不同。黛玉便知这方是正内室。&lt;br /&gt;
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Led by the mammy, she turned east, passed through an east-west hall, and came to the south hall, where she found a large courtyard inside the Gate of Yi: five main rooms on the top, flanks on both sides, and deer's roof and ears, extending in all directions, magnificent and different from other places. Daiyu knew this was the inner room.--[[User:Xu Minyun|Xu Minyun]] ([[User talk:Xu Minyun|talk]]) 09:10, 18 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Led by the mammies, they turned eastward and passed through an east-west hallway and the southward hall, she found a large courtyard inside the secondary gate: five main rooms on the top, flanks on both sides, and a small flat topped house next to the main house, extending in all directions, magnificent and different from other places. Daiyu knew this was the inner room.--[[User:Yan Jing|Yan Jing]] ([[User talk:Yan Jing|talk]]) 10:08, 18 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜静 Yán Jìng 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 女 202120081536==&lt;br /&gt;
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进入堂屋，抬头迎面先见一个赤金九龙青地大匾，匾上写着斗大三个字，是“荣禧堂”；后有一行小字：“某年月日书赐荣国公贾源”，又有“万幾宸翰”之宝。大紫檀雕螭案上，设着三尺多高青绿古铜鼎，悬着待漏随朝墨龙大画，一边是錾金彝，一边是玻璃盆。&lt;br /&gt;
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Entering the main room, I looked up and saw a great blue board framed in gilded dragons. On the plaque, there were two big words &amp;quot;Rongxi hall&amp;quot;; Then there is a line of small characters: &amp;quot;on a certain date, this was given to Jia Yuan, the Duke of Honor&amp;quot;, and there was the treasure of Emperor's handwriting. On the large red sandalwood table that carved with dragon, there was a green bronze tripod more than three feet high, hanging a large ink dragon painting that seemed to attend the imperial court session in the early morning, with gilded wine vessels on one side and a glass basin on the other.--[[User:Yan Jing|Yan Jing]] ([[User talk:Yan Jing|talk]]) 08:11, 18 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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there was a green bronze tripod more than three feet high, hanging a large ink dragon painting that seemed to attend the imperial court session in the early morning, with gilded wine vessels on one side and a glass basin on the other.--[[User:Yan Lili|Yan Lili]] ([[User talk:Yan Lili|talk]]) 12:05, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜莉莉 Yán Lìlì 国别 女 202120081537==&lt;br /&gt;
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地下两溜十六张楠木圈椅。又有一副对联，乃是乌木联牌镶着錾金字迹，道是：座上珠玑昭日月，堂前黼黻焕烟霞。下面一行小字是“世教弟勋袭东安郡王穆莳拜手书”。原来王夫人时常居坐宴息也不在这正室中，只在东边的三间耳房内。&lt;br /&gt;
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On the ground two rows of 16 nanmu armchairs. There is also a pair of couplets, ebony couplet inset with gold handwriting, it said:The pearl and jade in the seat can shine with the sun and the moon; The people in front of the lobby wearing official clothes, its colors like clouds like clouds. The next line is written by mu Shis, the hereditary king of Dongpyeong County, who is a brother who has been taught by your family for generations.For Lady Wang often sat and reposed not in this main room, but in the three eastern rooms.--[[User:Yan Lili|Yan Lili]] ([[User talk:Yan Lili|talk]]) 03:36, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Since Lady Wang seldom sat in this main hall but used three rooms on the east side for relaxation.--[[User:Yan Zihan|Yan Zihan]] ([[User talk:Yan Zihan|talk]]) 10:04, 14 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜子涵 Yán Zǐhán 国别 女 202120081538==&lt;br /&gt;
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于是嬷嬷们引黛玉进东房门来。临窗大炕上铺着猩红洋毯，正面设着大红金钱蟒引枕，秋香色金钱蟒大条褥；两边设一对梅花式洋漆小几：左边几上摆着文王鼎，鼎旁匙箸、香盒；右边几上摆着汝窑美人觚，里面插着时鲜花草。&lt;br /&gt;
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So that the nurses led Daiyu through the door of the eastern wing. The large kang by the window was covered with a scarlet foreign rug. In the middle were red back-rests and turquoise bolsters, both with dragon-design medallions, and a long greenish yellow mattress also with dragon medallions.  On the two sides， stood one of a pair of small teapoys of foreign lacquer of plum-blossom pattern. On the left-hand table were a tripod, spoons, chopsticks and an incense container;  On the right-hand table were a slender-waisted porcelain vase from the Ruzhou Kiln in which were placed seasonable flowers.--[[User:Yan Zihan|Yan Zihan]] ([[User talk:Yan Zihan|talk]]) 09:48, 14 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Thereupon,the nurses led Daiyu through the door of the eastern wing. The large kang by the window was covered with a scarlet foreign rug. In the middle were red back-rests and turquoise bolsters, both with dragon-design medallions, and a long greenish yellow mattress also with dragon medallions.  On the two sides stood on a pair of small teapoys of foreign lacquer of plum-blossom pattern. On the left-hand table were a tripod, spoons, chopsticks and an incense container;  On the right-hand table were a slender-waisted porcelain vase from the Ruzhou Kiln in which were placed seasonable flowers.--[[User:Yang Jiaying|Yang Jiaying]] ([[User talk:Yang Jiaying|talk]]) 13:47, 14 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==阳佳颖 Yáng Jiāyǐng 国别 女 202120081540==&lt;br /&gt;
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地下面，西一溜四张大椅，都搭着银红撒花椅搭，底下四副脚踏；两边又有一对高几，几上茗碗、瓶花俱备。其馀陈设，不必细说。老嬷嬷让黛玉上炕坐。炕沿上却也有两个锦褥对设。&lt;br /&gt;
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On the floor on the west side of the room, were four chairs in a row, all of which were covered with antimacassars, embroidered with silverish-red flowers.Beneath them stood four footstools. On either side, was also a pair of high teapoys which were covered with teacups and flower vases.The rest of the room need not be described in detail.&lt;br /&gt;
The nurses urged Daiyu to sit on the kang, on the edge of which were two brocade cushions. --[[User:Yang Jiaying|Yang Jiaying]] ([[User talk:Yang Jiaying|talk]]) 13:42, 14 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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On the floor facing on the west wall were four chairs in a row, all of which were covered with ornamented cloth embroidered with silverish-red flowers.Beneath them stood four footstools. On either side were a pair of high table with teacups and flower vases.Other decorations in the rest of the room need not be described in detail.The nurses urged Daiyu to sit on the kang, on the edge of which were two brocade cushions.--[[User:Yang Aijiang|Yang Aijiang]] ([[User talk:Yang Aijiang|talk]]) 09:50, 18 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨爱江 Yáng Àijiāng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081541==&lt;br /&gt;
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黛玉度其位次，便不上炕，只就东边椅上坐了。本房的丫鬟忙捧上茶来。黛玉一面吃了，打量这些丫鬟们妆饰衣裙，举止行动，果与别家不同。&lt;br /&gt;
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Considering her status in the family, Daiyu sat on one of the chairs on the east side instead of sitting on the ''kang''. The maids in attendance served tea immediately. When she was sipping the tea, she observed the maids’ make-up,clothes and deportment, which, her thought, were indeed quite different from those in other families.--[[User:Yang Aijiang|Yang Aijiang]] ([[User talk:Yang Aijiang|talk]]) 09:38, 18 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Considering her status in the family, Daiyu sat on one of the chairs on the east side instead of sitting on the ''kang''. The maids in attendance served tea immediately.Sipping the tea, she observed the maids’ make-up,clothes and deportment, which, her thought, were indeed quite different from those in other families.--[[User:Yang Kun|Yang Kun]] ([[User talk:Yang Kun|talk]]) 14:18, 18 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨堃 Yáng Kūn 法语语言文学 女 202120081542==&lt;br /&gt;
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茶未吃了，只见一个穿红绫袄、青绸掐牙背心的一个丫鬟走来笑道：“太太说，请林姑娘到那边坐罢。”老嬷嬷听了，于是又引黛玉出来，到了东廊三间小正房内。&lt;br /&gt;
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Before the tea was drunk, a servant girl wearing a red silk jacket and a green satin vest came up and smiled, &amp;quot;Mrs. Wang invited Miss Lin to come and sit over there.&amp;quot; When the old Mammy heard this, she led Daiyu out again and went to the third small main room on the east porch.--[[User:Yang Kun|Yang Kun]] ([[User talk:Yang Kun|talk]]) 03:33, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Before they drank tea over, a servant girl in a red silk jacket and a green satin vest came up and smiled, &amp;quot;Mrs. Wang invited Miss Lin to come and sit over there.&amp;quot; When the old Mammy heard this, she led Daiyu out again to the third small main room on the east porch.--[[User:Yang Liuqing|Yang Liuqing]] ([[User talk:Yang Liuqing|talk]]) 11:10, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨柳青 Yáng Liǔqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081543==&lt;br /&gt;
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正面炕上横设一张炕桌，上面堆着书籍、茶具；靠东壁面西设着半旧的青缎靠背、引枕。王夫人却坐在西边下首，亦是半旧青缎靠背、坐褥。见黛玉来了，便往东让。&lt;br /&gt;
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On the kang there was a kang table on which books and tea sets piled up. Half new backrests and pillows made of blue satins were set on the east side of the wall. However, Mrs. Wang set at the foot of the west wall where half new backrests and mattresses made of blue satins were displayed. Mrs. Wang moved to the east side when she saw Lin Daiyu come in.--[[User:Yang Liuqing|Yang Liuqing]] ([[User talk:Yang Liuqing|talk]]) 11:11, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==叶维杰 Yè Wéijié 国别 男 202120081544==&lt;br /&gt;
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黛玉心中料定这是贾政之位。因见挨炕一溜三张椅子上也搭着半旧的弹花椅袱，黛玉便向椅上坐了。王夫人再三让他上炕，他方挨王夫人坐下。王夫人因说：“你舅舅今日斋戒去了，再见罢。&lt;br /&gt;
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Daiyu thought it must be Jia Zhen's seat. Seeing that there were half-old bouncing chair blankets on the three chairs slid by the kang, Daiyu sat on the chair. Mrs. Wang repeatedly asked him to go to the kang, then she sat down next to Mrs. Wang. Mrs. Wang said: &amp;quot;Your uncle has gone fast today, goodbye.&lt;br /&gt;
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==易扬帆 Yì Yángfān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081545==&lt;br /&gt;
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只是有句话嘱咐你：你三个姐妹倒都极好，以后一处念书认字，学针线，或偶一玩笑，却都有个尽让的。我就只一件不放心：我有一个孽根祸胎，是家里的混世魔王，今日因往庙里还愿去，尚未回来，晚上你看见就知道了。&lt;br /&gt;
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I just have one thing to tell you: your three sisters are all very good, and in the future they will study and learn to read and write together, and learn to sew, or occasionally play jokes, but all of them will do their best. There is only one thing I am not sure about: I have a sinful child who is the evil one in my family, and he has not returned yet because he has gone to the temple to pay his respects.--[[User:Yi Yangfan|Yi Yangfan]] ([[User talk:Yi Yangfan|talk]]) 02:19, 13 December 2021 (UTC)Yi Yangfan&lt;br /&gt;
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I just want to remind you: your sisters are very kind , and in the future you will study together, and learn to read and write and learn to sew. Sometimes you will play jokes at each other, but you will be very tolerant to each other. There is only one thing I am worried about: there is a naughty boy in our family, and he has not returned yet because he has gone to the temple to redeem his wishes, you will see him in the evening.--[[User:Yin Huizhen|Yin Huizhen]] ([[User talk:Yin Huizhen|talk]]) 07:45, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷慧珍 Yīn Huìzhēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081546==&lt;br /&gt;
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你以后总不用理会他，你这些姐姐妹妹都不敢沾惹他的。”黛玉素闻母亲说过：“有个内侄，乃衔玉而生，顽劣异常，不喜读书，最喜在内帏厮混。外祖母又溺爱，无人敢管。”&lt;br /&gt;
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“You can ignore him later and none of your sisters dare to bother him. ” Daiyu heard from her mother: “I have a nephew, who was born with jade in his mouth. He is very naughty and don’t like to read, but prefer to play with girls. His grandma has always spoiled him so that everyone let him be. ”--[[User:Yin Huizhen|Yin Huizhen]] ([[User talk:Yin Huizhen|talk]]) 07:27, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷美达 Yīn Měidá 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081547==&lt;br /&gt;
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今见王夫人所说，便知是这位表兄。一面陪笑道：“舅母所说，可是衔玉而生的？在家时，记得母亲常说：这位哥哥比我大一岁，小名就叫宝玉，性虽憨顽，说待姊妹们却是极好的。&lt;br /&gt;
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What Lady King described today is the cousin for sure. Mascara Jade said while smiling:&amp;quot; Is the person you just mentioned my cousin born with a jade? I remember when I was at home my mother often said that the cousin nicknamed Precious Jade is one year older than me. Although he is a little mischievous, he is very friendly with his sisters&amp;quot;.--[[User:Yin Meida|Yin Meida]] ([[User talk:Yin Meida|talk]]) 14:27, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Who Lady King described today is the cousin for sure. Mascara Jade said while smiling:&amp;quot; Is this my cousin you just mentioned born with a jade? I remember when I was at home my mother often said that the cousin nicknamed Precious Jade is one year older than me. Although he is a little mischievous, he is very friendly with his sisters&amp;quot;.--[[User:Yin Yuan|Yin Yuan]] ([[User talk:Yin Yuan|talk]]) 12:06, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==尹媛 Yǐn Yuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081548==&lt;br /&gt;
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况我来了，自然和姊妹们一处，弟兄们是另院别房，岂有沾惹之理？”王夫人笑道：“你不知道原故。他和别人不同，自幼因老太太疼爱，原系和姐妹们一处娇养惯了的。&lt;br /&gt;
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Now I come here,undoubtfully I live with my sisters. The brothers are in some different houses. Is there any reason to mess with them?&amp;quot; Lady King smiled and said, &amp;quot;You don't know. Unlike the others, he had been coddled by his sisters since he was young for the love of Grandma Merchant.--[[User:Yin Yuan|Yin Yuan]] ([[User talk:Yin Yuan|talk]]) 15:30, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Now I come here,undoubtfully I live with my sisters. The brothers are in some different houses. Is there any reason to mess with them?&amp;quot; Lady King smiled and said, &amp;quot;You don't know the reason. Unlike others, he had been coddled by his sisters since he was young for the love of Grandma Merchant.--[[User:Zhan Ruoxuan|Zhan Ruoxuan]] ([[User talk:Zhan Ruoxuan|talk]]) 03:20, 15 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==詹若萱 Zhān Ruòxuān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081549==&lt;br /&gt;
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若姐妹们不理他，他倒还安静些；若一日姐妹们和他多说了一句话，他心上一喜，便生出许多事来：所以嘱咐你别理会他。他嘴里一时甜言蜜语，一时有天没日，疯疯傻傻，只休信他。”黛玉一一的都答应着。&lt;br /&gt;
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“If the sisters ignore him, he is a bit quieter: if one day the sisters talk to him more, he is so happy that he will stir up many troubles: so I tell you to ignore him. He may talk sweetly for a while, and he may be crazy and silly for a while, just don't believe him.” Daiyu replied one by one.--[[User:Zhan Ruoxuan|Zhan Ruoxuan]] ([[User talk:Zhan Ruoxuan|talk]]) 08:45, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
If the sisters ignore him, he will be quiet; if one day they talk to him more, he will be happy, and many things will happen: so I tell you to ignore him. His mouth a sweet talk, a moment there is no day, crazy and silly, just do not believe him. Daiyu agreed one by one.--[[User:Zhang Qiuyi|Zhang Qiuyi]] ([[User talk:Zhang Qiuyi|talk]]) 12:06, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张秋怡 Zhāng Qiūyí 亚非语言文学 女 202120081550==&lt;br /&gt;
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忽见一个丫鬟来说：“老太太那里传晚饭了。”王夫人忙携了黛玉，出后房门，由后廊往西，出了角门，是一条南北甬路，南边是倒座三间小小抱厦厅，北边立着一个粉油大影壁，后有一个半大门，小小一所房屋。&lt;br /&gt;
Suddenly see a servant girl to say: &amp;quot;old lady there spread supper.&amp;quot; Lady Wang and Daiyu went out of the back door, leading from the back corridor to the west and out of the corner gate. There was a north-south corridor, with three small rooms in the south, a big screen wall of powder and oil in the north, and a small house with a half gate behind.--[[User:Zhang Qiuyi|Zhang Qiuyi]] ([[User talk:Zhang Qiuyi|talk]]) 13:53, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Suddenly a servant girl said, &amp;quot;the old lady has passed on dinner.&amp;quot; Lady King hurriedly took Mascara Jade Pearl out of the back door, from the back porch to the west, out of the corner door. It is a North-South corridor. In the south is the inverted three small balcony halls. In the north is a oil-powdered large shadow wall, followed by a half gate and a small house.--[[User:Zhang Yang|Zhang Yang]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yang|talk]]) 12:28, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张扬 Zhāng Yáng 国别 男 202120081551==&lt;br /&gt;
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王夫人笑指向黛玉道：“这是你凤姐姐的屋子。回来你好往这里找他去，少什么东西，只管和他说就是了。”这院门上也有几个才总角的小厮，都垂手侍立。王夫人遂携黛玉穿过一个东西穿堂，便是贾母的后院了。&lt;br /&gt;
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Lady King smiled at Mascara Jade Pearl and said: &amp;quot;This is your sister Phoenix's house. If you come back, you can find her here. And if there's anything missing, just tell her.&amp;quot; On the gate of the courtyard, there were also several young boys who were only in their childhood, all standing with their hands down. Lady King then took Mascara Jade Pearl through an east-west hall, which was Grandma Merchant's backyard.--[[User:Zhang Yang|Zhang Yang]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yang|talk]]) 07:30, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Lady King smiled at Mascara Jade Pearl and said: &amp;quot;This is your sister Phoenix's house. If you come back, you can find her here. And if there's anything missing, just tell her.&amp;quot; On the gate of the courtyard,there were also a few young boys on the door of this courtyard, all standing with their hands down.. Lady King then took Mascara Jade Pearl through an east-west hall, which was Grandma Merchant's backyard.&lt;br /&gt;
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==张怡然 Zhāng Yírán 俄语语言文学 女 202120081552==&lt;br /&gt;
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于是进入后房门，已有许多人在此伺候，见王夫人来，方安设桌椅；贾珠之妻李氏捧杯，熙凤安箸，王夫人进羹。贾母正面榻上独坐，两旁四张空椅。熙凤忙拉黛玉在左边第一张椅子上坐下，黛玉十分推让。&lt;br /&gt;
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So they entered the back room, where many people were already waiting, and when they saw  Lady King coming, they placed the table and chairs; Li, wife of Treasure Merchant, held the cup,  Lady King placed the chopsticks, and Splendid Phoenix King drank the soup. Grandma Merchant was sitting alone on a couch, flanked by four empty chairs. Splendid Phoenix King was busy pulling Mascara Jade Forest to sit in the first chair on the left, but Mascara Jade Forest was too embarrassed to sit.--[[User:Zhang Yiran|Zhang Yiran]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yiran|talk]]) 00:57, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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So they entered the back room, where many people were already waiting, and when they saw  Lady King coming, they placed the table and chairs; Li, wife of Treasure Merchant, held the cup,  Lady King placed the chopsticks, and Splendid Phoenix King drank the soup. Grandma Merchant was sitting alone on a couch, flanked by four empty chairs. Splendid Phoenix King was busy pulling Mascara Jade Forest to sit in the first chair on the left, but Mascara Jade Forest was too embarrassed to sit.--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 03:42, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟义菲 Zhōng Yìfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081553==&lt;br /&gt;
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贾母笑道：“你舅母和嫂子们是不在这里吃饭的。你是客，原该这么坐。”黛玉方告了坐，就坐了。贾母命王夫人也坐了。迎春姊妹三个告了坐，方上来：迎春坐右手第一，探春左第二，惜春右第二。&lt;br /&gt;
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Mrs. Jia said with a smile, &amp;quot;your aunt and sister-in-law don't eat here. You are a guest. You should have sat here.&amp;quot; Daiyu then sat down. Jia Mu ordered Mrs. Wang to sit down. The three sisters of Yingchun sat down：Yingchun sat first on the right hand, Tanchun second on the left, and Xi Chun second on the right.--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 10:36, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Mrs. Jia said with a smile, &amp;quot;your aunts and sisters-in-law don't eat here. You are a guest. You should have sat here.&amp;quot; Daiyu then sat down. Mrs. Jia ordered Mrs. Wang to sit down. The three sisters of Yingchun were asked to sit down: Yingchun sat first on the right hand, Tanchun second on the left, and Xi Chun second on the right.--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 02:02, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟雨露 Zhōng Yǔlù 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081554==&lt;br /&gt;
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旁边丫鬟执着拂尘、漱盂、巾帕，李纨、凤姐立于案边布让；外间伺候的媳妇、丫鬟虽多，却连一声咳嗽不闻。饭毕，各各有丫鬟用小茶盘捧上茶来。当日林家教女以惜福养身，每饭后必过片时方吃茶，不伤脾胃；&lt;br /&gt;
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Standing at the table, the servant girls held the horsetail whisks, vessels for mouthwash and handkerchiefs. Li Wan and Wang Xifeng sent dishes, refreshments to guests and invited them to eat. Though there were many servant girls in the outer room, they could not be heard to utter a sound. When the meal was over, each servant girl brought tea with a small tray. The daughter of Lin Ruhai, Lin Daiyu took tea after each meal to keep health and not hurt her spleen and stomach.--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 01:55, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The servant girls are standing at the table with the horsetail whisks, vessels for mouthwash and handkerchiefs. Li Wan and Wang Xifeng sent dishes, refreshments to guests and invited them to eat. Though there were many servant girls in the outer room, they could not be heard to utter a sound. When the meal was over, each servant girl brought tea with a small tray. The daughter of Lin Ruhai, Lin Daiyu took tea after each meal to keep health and not hurt her spleen and stomach.--[[User:Zhou Jiu|Zhou Jiu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Jiu|talk]]) 09:23, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周玖 Zhōu Jiǔ 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081555==&lt;br /&gt;
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今黛玉见了这里许多规矩不似家中，也只得随和些。接了茶，又有人捧过漱盂来，黛玉也漱了口，又盥手毕。然后又捧上茶来，这方是吃的茶。贾母便说：“你们去罢，让我们自在说说话儿。”&lt;br /&gt;
Now Daiyu saw many rules here are not like the rules of her home. She was also easy-going. After receiving the tea, someone else took a gargle bowl for her. Daiyu also rinsed her mouth and finished washing her hands again. Then tea which was for drinking was brought in. Then Mother Jia said to servants , &amp;quot;You all go and let's have a talk in our own comfort.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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Now Daiyu saw many rules here are not like the rules of her home.  She can only be easygoing. She caught the teacup. Some domestics came over with a mouthwash basin. Daiyu gargled and washed her hands. Then the servant brought back tea, and this was tea for drinking.Then Grandma Merchant said to servant, &amp;quot;You all go and let's have a talk in our own comfort.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 10:47, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周俊辉 Zhōu Jùnhuī 法语语言文学 女 202120081556==&lt;br /&gt;
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王夫人遂起身，又说了两句闲话儿，方引李、凤二人去了。贾母因问黛玉念何书，黛玉道：“刚念了《四书》。”黛玉又问姊妹读何书，贾母道：“读什么书，不过认几个字罢了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Lady Wang stood up and said something idle, then led Lady Li and Splendid Phoenix King to leave. When Grandma Merchant asked Daiyu what books she had read, Daiyu replied, &amp;quot;I just have read the ''Four Books''.&amp;quot; When Daiyu asked her sisters what books they read, Grandma Merchant said, &amp;quot;They don't read anything. They only know a few words.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 09:25, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
Madame Wang rose as soon as she heard these words, and having made a few irrelevant remarks, she led the way and left the room along with the two ladies, Mrs. Li and lady Feng.Dowager lady Chia, having inquired of Tai-yue what books she was reading, &amp;quot;I have just begun reading the Four Books,&amp;quot; Tai-yue replied. &amp;quot;What books are my cousins reading?&amp;quot; Tai-yue went on to ask. &amp;quot;Books, you say!&amp;quot; exclaimed dowager lady Chia; &amp;quot;why all they know are a few characters, that's all.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zhou Qiao1|Zhou Qiao1]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qiao1|talk]]) 13:15, 15 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周巧 Zhōu Qiǎo 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081557==&lt;br /&gt;
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一语未了，只听外面一阵脚步响，丫鬟进来报道：“宝玉来了。”黛玉心想：“这个宝玉，不知是怎样个惫懒人呢。”及至进来一看，却是位青年公子：头上戴着束发嵌宝紫金冠，齐眉勒着二龙戏珠金抹额；&lt;br /&gt;
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The sentence was barely out of her lips, when a continuous sounding of footsteps&lt;br /&gt;
was heard outside, and a waiting maid entered and announced that Pao-yue was&lt;br /&gt;
coming. Tai-yue was speculating in her mind how it was that this Pao-yue had&lt;br /&gt;
turned out such a good-for-nothing fellow, when he happened to walk in.&lt;br /&gt;
He was, in fact, a young man of tender years, wearing on his head, to hold his&lt;br /&gt;
hair together, a cap of gold of purplish tinge, inlaid with precious gems.&lt;br /&gt;
Parallel with his eyebrows was attached a circlet, embroidered with gold, and&lt;br /&gt;
representing two dragons snatching a pearl.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Zhou Qiao1|Zhou Qiao1]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qiao1|talk]]) 08:36, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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After a word, only a sound of footsteps outside, the maid came in and reported: &amp;quot;Baoyu is here.&amp;quot; Daiyu thought to herself: &amp;quot;This Baoyu, I don't know what a tired lazy person.&amp;quot; When she came in, she was a young man. He wears a purple and gold crown with hair inlaid on his head, and his forehead are tied with gold frontlet（The shape is two dragons playing with pearled）.--[[User:Zhou Qing|Zhou Qing]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qing|talk]]) 15:21, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周清 Zhōu Qīng 法语语言文学 女 202120081558==&lt;br /&gt;
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一件二色金百蝶穿花大红箭袖，束着五彩丝攒花结长穗宫绦，外罩石青起花八团倭缎排穗褂；登着青缎粉底小朝靴。面若中秋之月，色如春晓之花；鬓若刀裁，眉如墨画，鼻如悬胆，睛若秋波。&lt;br /&gt;
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A big red arrow sleeve decorated with two-color golden butterfly flowers, is tied with multicolored silk and knotted with long spikes, and is covered with azurite and satin rowed gowns; it wears small green satin and powder-soled boots. The face is as round and beautiful as the moon of Mid-Autumn Festival, the complexion is like a flower of spring dawn; the temples are like a knife cut, the eyebrows are like ink painting, the nose is like a hanging gall, and the eyes are like autumn waves.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A big red arrow sleeve decorated with two-color golden butterfly flowers, is tied with multicolored silk and knotted with long spikes, and is covered with azurite and satin rowed gowns; he wore small green satin and powder-soled boots. The face is as round and beautiful as the moon at mid-autumn, the complexion is like a flower of in spring; the temples as if chiselled with a knife, the eyebrows are like ink painting, the nose is like a a well-cut and shapely nose, and the eyes are like vernal waves.--[[User:Zhou Xiaoxue|Zhou Xiaoxue]] ([[User talk:Zhou Xiaoxue|talk]]) 06:19, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周小雪 Zhōu Xiǎoxuě 日语语言文学 女 202120081559==&lt;br /&gt;
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虽怒时而似笑，即嗔视而有情。项上金螭缨络，又有一根五色丝绦，系着一块美玉。黛玉一见，便吃一大惊，心中想道：“好生奇怪：倒像在那里见过的，何等眼熟！”只见这宝玉向贾母请了安，贾母便命：“去见你娘来。”&lt;br /&gt;
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His angry look even resembled a smile; his glance was full of sentiment.Round his neck he had a gold dragon necklet with a fringe; also a cord of variegated silk, to which was attached a piece of beautiful jade. When Daiyu saw this, she was shocked.&amp;quot;How very strange.&amp;quot; she was reflecting in her mind; &amp;quot;it would seem as if I had seen him somewhere or other, for his face appears extremely familiar to my eyes;&amp;quot; Baoyu greeted Lady Dowager &amp;quot;Go and see your mother and then come back,&amp;quot; remarked her venerable ladyship.--[[User:Zhou Xiaoxue|Zhou Xiaoxue]] ([[User talk:Zhou Xiaoxue|talk]]) 06:08, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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His angry look somentimes even resembled a smile; his glance was full of sentiment.Round his neck he had a gold dragon necklet with a fringe; also a cord of silk of five colours, to which was attached a piece of beautiful jade. When Daiyu saw this, she was shocked and thought to herself: &amp;quot;How strange it is.&amp;quot; she was reflecting in her mind; &amp;quot;as if I had seen him somewhere or other, for his face appears extremely familiar to my eyes;&amp;quot; Baoyu greeted Lady Dowager &amp;quot;Go and see your mother and then come back.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zhu Suzhen|Zhu Suzhen]] ([[User talk:Zhu Suzhen|talk]]) 11:46, 16 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==朱素珍 Zhū Sùzhēn 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081561==&lt;br /&gt;
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即转身去了。一会再来时已换了冠带：头上周围一转的短发都结成小辫，红丝结束，共攒至顶中胎发，总编一根大辫，黑亮如漆，从顶至梢，一串四颗大珠，用金八宝坠脚；身上穿着银红撒花半旧大袄；仍旧带着项圈、宝玉、寄名锁、护身符等物；&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Then turned around and went. He has changed the crown band when coming back for a while: the short hair around the head is braided, the red silk ends, and the hair is gathered up to the top of the fetus. The chief editor is a big braid, black and shiny, from top to tip , A string of four large beads, with gold eight treasures falling to the feet; wearing a silver-red half-old coat with flowers; still wearing collars, gems, locks, amulets, etc.;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He turned away. When he came back later, he had changed his crown belt: the short hair around his head was braided, and the red silk ended. He saved up to the top and middle fetal hair. The chief editor had a big braid, black and bright as paint, a string of four big beads from the top to the tip, and dropped his feet with gold eight treasures; He was wearing a silver red flower sprinkled semi-old coat; Still wearing collars, precious jade, name sending locks, amulets, etc--[[User:Zou Yueli|Zou Yueli]] ([[User talk:Zou Yueli|talk]]) 12:56, 16 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邹岳丽 Zōu Yuèlí 日语语言文学 女 202120081562==&lt;br /&gt;
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下面半露松绿撒花绫裤，锦边弹墨袜，厚底大红鞋。越显得面如傅粉，唇若施脂；转盼多情，语言若笑。天然一段风韵，全在眉梢；平生万种情思，悉堆眼角。看其外貌，最是极好，却难知其底细。&lt;br /&gt;
His lower body showed loose green flower pants, cotton socks and a pair of thick soled red shoes. This makes him look more beautiful. The lips seem to have been powdered with rouge; When he speaks, he often has a smile on his face, and his eyebrows can convey affection. A person's style and temperament, including what he thinks, can be conveyed through his eyes. His appearance is very good-looking, but I don't know whether he has real connotation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Nadia 202011080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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后人有《西江月》二词批的极确，词曰：&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Mahzad Heydarian 玛莎 202021080004==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
无故寻愁觅恨，有时似傻如狂。&lt;br /&gt;
Seeking sorrow and hate for no reason, sometimes seems stupid and crazy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Mariam toure 2020GBJ002301==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
纵然生得好皮囊，腹内原来草莽。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Rouabah Soumaya 202121080001==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
潦倒不通庶务，愚顽怕读文章。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I'm not able to get through general affairs, and I'm afraid of reading articles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Muhammad Numan 202121080002==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
行为偏僻性乖张，那管世人诽谤。&lt;br /&gt;
He who behaves in a perverse way has no control over the slander of course.--[[User:Atta Ur Rahman|Atta Ur Rahman]] ([[User talk:Atta Ur Rahman|talk]]) 03:29, 14 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Atta Ur Rahman 202121080003==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
又曰：富贵不知乐业，贫穷难耐凄凉。&lt;br /&gt;
It is also known that wealth does not know pleasure and happiness, and poverty cannot endure loneliness.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Muhammad Saqib Mehran 202121080004==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
可怜辜负好时光，于国于家无望。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Zohaib Chand 202121080005==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
天下无能第一，古今不肖无双。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Jawad Ahmad 202121080006==&lt;br /&gt;
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寄言纨袴与膏粱，莫效此儿形状。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
English; the author is to give some suggestion to playboys of high official that they do not follow the example of Jia Baoyu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Nizam Uddin 202121080007==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
却说贾母见他进来，笑道：“外客没见就脱了衣裳了，还不去见你妹妹呢。”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Öncü 202121080008==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
宝玉早已看见了一个袅袅婷婷的女儿，便料定是林姑妈之女，忙来见礼。&lt;br /&gt;
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Baoyu had already seen a daughter with a gentle posture, thought might be the daughter of Aunt Lin, then hurried to meet her.--[[User:AkiraJantarat|AkiraJantarat]] ([[User talk:AkiraJantarat|talk]]) 04:17, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Akira Jantarat 202121080009==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
归了坐细看时，真是与众各别。&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
When I look at you carefully, I think you are different.--[[User:AkiraJantarat|AkiraJantarat]] ([[User talk:AkiraJantarat|talk]]) 09:59, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When I returned to take a closer look, it was really different. --[[User:Benjamin Wellsand|Benjamin Wellsand]] ([[User talk:Benjamin Wellsand|talk]]) 07:41, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Benjamin Wellsand 202111080118==&lt;br /&gt;
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只见：两弯似蹙非蹙笼烟眉，一双似喜非喜含情目。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I saw two bends like the frowning of smoked eyebrows, at first they seemed happy but not really happy, yet affectionate eyebrows. --[[User:Benjamin Wellsand|Benjamin Wellsand]] ([[User talk:Benjamin Wellsand|talk]]) 07:41, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I saw: two curved eyebrows that looked like a frown, a pair of eyebrows that seemed to be happy or not. --[[User:Asep Budiman|Asep Budiman]] ([[User talk:Asep Budiman|talk]]) 23:18, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Asep Budiman 202111080020==&lt;br /&gt;
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态生两靥之愁，娇袭一身之病。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The sorrow of the two distresses, the disease of the whole body. --[[User:Asep Budiman|Asep Budiman]] ([[User talk:Asep Budiman|talk]]) 23:17, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The sorrow of two distresses, spoiled - the disease of the whole body.------Ei Mon Kyaw [[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 09:15, 15 December 2021 (UTC)--[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 09:15, 15 December 2021 (UTC)Ei Mon Kyaw&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Ei Mon Kyaw 202111080021==&lt;br /&gt;
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泪光点点，娇喘微微。&lt;br /&gt;
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Tears shone a little, and she breathed slightly.--[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 09:47, 15 December 2021 (UTC)Ei Mon Kyaw  -----Ei Mon Kyaw[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 09:47, 15 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
The tears droped, and she breathed slowly. --[[User:Mahzad Heydarian|Mahzad Heydarian]] ([[User talk:Mahzad Heydarian|talk]]) 11:58, 15 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211215_homework&amp;diff=133949</id>
		<title>20211215 homework</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211215_homework&amp;diff=133949"/>
		<updated>2021-12-19T12:07:17Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Quicklinks: [[Introduction_to_Translation_Studies_2021|Back to course homepage]] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal#Frequently_asked_questions_FAQ FAQ]  [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal Manual] [[20210926_homework|Back to all homework webpages overview]] [[20220112_final_exam|final exam page]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==陈静 Chén Jìng 国别 女 202020080595==&lt;br /&gt;
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鼎：古代食器。胡羼(chàn忏) ──胡闹。 羼：本义为群羊杂居。引申为杂乱不纯，乱七八糟。​&lt;br /&gt;
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Tripod (Ding in Chinese): ancient food utensil. Hu Chan in Chinese means nonsense. Chan in Chinese originally means that the sheep live together, whose extensive meaning is mess.&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
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Tripod: ancient food utensil. Hi Chan - nonsense. The original meaning is that sheep live together. It is extended meaning to be messy, impure and messy.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 01:25, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==蔡珠凤 Cài Zhūfèng 法语语言文学 女 202120081477==&lt;br /&gt;
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抓──即“抓周”，亦称“试儿”、“试周”。旧俗于婴儿满周岁时，父母摆列各种小件器物，任其抓取，以测试其秉性、智愚、志趣。此俗始于江南，后亦传到北方。&lt;br /&gt;
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Grasping -- namely &amp;quot;grasping the week&amp;quot;, also known as &amp;quot;trying the child&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;trying the week&amp;quot;. The old custom is that when a baby reaches the age of one year, his parents arrange all kinds of small objects and let him grab them to test his temperament, intelligence and interest. This custom began in the south of the Yangtze River and later spread to the north.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 01:23, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Catch ─ ─ means &amp;quot;catch the week&amp;quot;, also known as &amp;quot;test&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;test week&amp;quot;. The old custom is when the baby reaches one year old, the parents arrange all kinds of small utensils and let them grab them to test their disposition, wisdom and ambition. This custom began in the south of the Yangtze River and then spread to the north.--[[User:Zeng Junlin|Zeng Junlin]] ([[User talk:Zeng Junlin|talk]]) 07:41, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==曾俊霖 Zēng Jùnlín 国别 男 202120081478==&lt;br /&gt;
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事见北朝周·颜之推《颜氏家训·风操》：“江南风俗，儿生一期(年)，为制新衣，盥浴装饰，男则用弓矢纸笔，女则刀尺针缕(线)，并加饮食之物及珍宝服玩，置之儿前，观其发意所取，以验贪亷智愚，名之为试儿。”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is said in Yan's family instructions and customs by Yan Zhitui of the Northern Dynasty that &amp;quot;the custom in the south of the Yangtze River was born in the first year. It was to make new clothes and decorate bathrooms. Men used bows and arrows, paper and pens, women used knives, rulers, needles and threads (lines), and played with food and precious clothes. They were placed in front of their children and looked at what they wanted to take to test their greed, wisdom and stupidity. They were called test children.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zeng Junlin|Zeng Junlin]] ([[User talk:Zeng Junlin|talk]]) 07:37, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈惠妮 Chén Huìnī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081479==&lt;br /&gt;
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(宋·赵彦卫《云麓漫钞》卷二也有相同记载)又宋·叶真《爱日斋丛钞》卷一：“《玉壶野史》记曹武惠王(曹彬)始生周晬日，父母以百玩之具罗于席，观其所取。&lt;br /&gt;
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== Headline text ==&lt;br /&gt;
==陈湘琼 Chén Xiāngqióng 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081480==&lt;br /&gt;
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武惠王左手提干戈，右手提俎豆，斯须取一印，馀无所视。曹，真定人。江南遗俗乃在此(指真定)，今俗谓试周是也。”​&lt;br /&gt;
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Lord Wuhui holds weapons with his left hand and dinnerware in his right hand.Then he looks at a seal and graps it without seeing anything else.Lord Wuhui, whose first name is Cao, comes from Zhen Ding county. The place is called Shi Zhou now, on whiche Jiang Nan's old cities lay.--[[User:Chen Xiangqiong|Chen Xiangqiong]] ([[User talk:Chen Xiangqiong|talk]]) 00:23, 14 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Lord Wuhui holds weapons with his left hand and dinnerware in his right hand.Then he looks at a seal and graps it without seeing anything else.Lord Wuhui, whose first name is Cao, comes from Zhen Ding county. The place is so-called Shizhou now, on which ancient Jiangnan lay.--[[User:Chen Xinyi|Chen Xinyi]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi|talk]]) 05:07, 14 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈心怡 Chén Xīnyí 翻译学 女 202120081481==&lt;br /&gt;
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致知格物──语出《礼记·大学》：“致知在格物，格物而后知至。”意谓要想获得知识，必须探究事物的道理。 致：获得，取得。&lt;br /&gt;
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Zhi Zhi Ge Wu- ''From The Book of Rites·Daxue'': &amp;quot;Zhizhi lies in Gewu, and after Gewu, knowledge arrives.&amp;quot; It means that in order to gain knowledge, one must inquire into the truth of things. Zhi: To acquire, to obtain.--[[User:Chen Xinyi|Chen Xinyi]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi|talk]]) 05:18, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==程杨 Chéng Yáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081482==&lt;br /&gt;
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格：推究，探究，探讨。​尧……张──尧、舜、禹、汤、文、武，即唐尧、虞舜、夏禹、成汤、周文王、周武王，是从上古至西周的明君；&lt;br /&gt;
Ge: means deduction, exploration and discussion. Yao...Zhang──Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu, namely Tang Yao, Yu Shun, Xia Yu, Cheng Tang, Emperor Wen of Zhou Dynasty, Emperor Wu of Zhou Dynasty, they are all wise emperors from ancient times to the Zhou Dynasty;--[[User:Cheng Yang|Cheng Yang]] ([[User talk:Cheng Yang|talk]]) 13:11, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==丁旋 Dīng Xuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081483==&lt;br /&gt;
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周、召，即周公旦、召公奭，都是西周的贤相；孔、孟，即孔丘(通称孔子)、孟轲(通称孟子)，都是儒学的创始人；董、韩、周、程、朱、张，即汉代董仲舒、唐代韩愈、北宋周敦颐、北宋程颢和程颐兄弟、南宋朱熹、北宋张载，都是儒学理论家。&lt;br /&gt;
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Zhou, called the Duke of Zhou, and Zhao, called Duke of Shi, are both talented prime ministers (in feudal China); Kong (generally called Confucius) and Meng (generally called Mencius) are both founders of Confucianism; Dong (Dong Zhongshu in Han Dynasty), Han (Han Yu in Tang Dynasty), Zhou (Zhou Dunyi in the Northern Song Dynasty), Cheng (Cheng Jing and Cheng Yi brothers in the Northern Song Dynasty), Zhu (Zhu Xi in the Southern Song Dynasty), Zhang (Zhang Zai in the Northern Song Dynasty) are all Confucian theorists. --[[User:Ding Xuan|Ding Xuan]] ([[User talk:Ding Xuan|talk]]) 07:19, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Zhou and Zhao are respectively the Duke of Zhou and the Duke of Shi and both are talented prime ministers of the Western Zhou Dynasty; both Kong (generally called Confucius) and Meng (generally called Mencius) are  founders of Confucianism; Dong (Dong Zhongshu in Han Dynasty), Han (Han Yu in Tang Dynasty), Zhou (Zhou Dunyi in the Northern Song Dynasty), Cheng (Cheng Jing and Cheng Yi brothers in the Northern Song Dynasty), Zhu (Zhu Xi in the Southern Song Dynasty), Zhang (Zhang Zai in the Northern Song Dynasty) are all Confucian theorists. --[[User:Du Lina|Du Lina]] ([[User talk:Du Lina|talk]]) 08:09, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杜莉娜 Dù Lìnuó 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081484==&lt;br /&gt;
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这些人皆是儒家竭力推崇的人物。蚩尤……秦桧──蚩尤、共工，都是传说中上古最凶恶的部族首领；桀、纣、始皇，即夏桀、商纣王、秦始皇，都是登峰造极的暴君；&lt;br /&gt;
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All these people are strong recommended by confucianists such as Chi You(a mythological warrior engaged in fighting with the Yellow Emperor), Qin Hui (a traitor in the Song dynasty in Chinese history)and so on. Among them both Chi You and Gong Gong (the water god in ancient Chinses history and the devil of floods) are the most ferocious tribal chief in the Chinese legend;and all Xia Jie, Shang Zhou and Qin Shi Huang, being respectively the emperor Jie of Xia Dynasty，the emperor Zhou of Shang Dynasty and the first emperor of Qin Dynasty, are extremely tyrannical.&lt;br /&gt;
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==付红岩 Fù Hóngyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081485==&lt;br /&gt;
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王莽、曹操、桓温、安禄山、秦桧，他们分别是汉代、三国、东晋、唐代、南宋人，都是大奸臣乃至叛逆之贼。​许由……朝云──许由，传说他是上古时为了逃避帝位而终生隐居的贤人；陶潜(即陶渊明)、阮籍、嵇康、刘伶，都是魏晋时期著名文学家及不与流俗同低昂的独行之士；&lt;br /&gt;
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Wang Mang, Cao Cao, Huan Wen, An Lushan and Qin Kuei, who were in the Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty respectively, were all great treacherous court officials and even traitors. Xu You... Zhao Yun -- Xu You. It is said that he was a sage who lived in seclusion all his life in order to escape the throne in ancient times. Tao Qian (Tao Yuanming), Ruan Ji, Ji Kang and Liu Ling were all famous writers in the Wei and Jin dynasties and mavericks who did not flow along with the turbid currents of the world.--[[User:Fu Shiyu|Fu Shiyu]] ([[User talk:Fu Shiyu|talk]]) 11:57, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==付诗雨 Fù Shīyǔ 日语语言文学 女 202120081486==&lt;br /&gt;
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王谢二族，指东晋王导和谢安，都是显贵；顾虎头，即顾恺之，字虎头，是东晋名画家；陈后主、唐明皇、宋徽宗，都是有才气的风流皇帝；&lt;br /&gt;
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The Two families of Wang and Xie, namely Wang Dao and Xie An, were both nobility in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Gu Hutou, also known as Gu Kaizhi, was a famous painter in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Emperor Chen Shubao of Chen, Emperor Ming of Tang and  Emperor Huizong of Song were all talented and romantic emperors.--[[User:Fu Shiyu|Fu Shiyu]] ([[User talk:Fu Shiyu|talk]]) 10:07, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The Two families of Wang and Xie, namely Wang Dao and Xie An, were both of the nobility in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Gu Hutou, also known as Gu Kaizhi, was a famous painter in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Emperor Chen Shubao of Chen, Emperor Ming of Tang and Emperor Huizong of Song were all talented and romantic emperors. --[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 01:02, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==高蜜 Gāo Mì 翻译学 女 202120081487==&lt;br /&gt;
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刘庭芝即刘希夷(字庭芝)、温飞卿即温庭筠(字飞卿)，都是唐代名诗人；米南宫即米芾(南宫为世称)，是北宋名画家；石曼卿即石延年(字曼卿)、柳蓍卿即柳永(字蓍卿)、秦少游即秦观(字少游)，都是北宋著名文学家；&lt;br /&gt;
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Liu Tingzhi, or Liu Xiyi (courtesy name Tingzhi), Wen Feiqin refers orWen Tingyun (courtesy name Feiqing) are both famous poets of the Tang Dynasty. Mi Nangong, or Mi Fu (nickname Nangong), was a famous painter of the Northern Song Dynasty; Shi Manqing, or Shi Yannian (courtesy name Manqing), Liu Yaoqing, or Liu Yong (courtesy name Yaoqing), and Qin Shaoyou, or Qin Guan (courtesy name Shaoyou), were famous literary scholars of the Northern Song Dynasty.--[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 01:03, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Liu Tingzhi, or Liu Xiyi (styled Tingzhi), Wen Feiqin refers orWen Tingyun (styled Feiqing) are both famous poets of the Tang Dynasty. Mi Nangong, or Mi Fu (nickname Nangong), was a famous painter of the Northern Song Dynasty; Shi Manqing, or Shi Yannian (styled Manqing), Liu Yaoqing, or Liu Yong (styled Yaoqing), and Qin Shaoyou, or Qin Guan (styled Shaoyou), were famous literary scholars of the Northern Song Dynasty.--[[User:Gong Boya|Gong Boya]] ([[User talk:Gong Boya|talk]]) 12:27, 15 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==宫博雅 Gōng Bóyǎ 俄语语言文学 女 202120081488==&lt;br /&gt;
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倪云林即倪瓒，字云林，是元代名画家；唐伯虎即唐寅(字伯虎)、祝枝山即祝允明(字枝山)，都是明代名画家、文学家；李龟年(唐代人)、黄幡绰(唐代人)、敬新磨(五代后唐人)，都是名艺人；&lt;br /&gt;
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Ni Yunlin, i.e Ni Zan, was a famous painter in the Yuan Dynasty. Tang Bohu i.e Tang Yin (styled Bohu), Zhu Zhishan i.e Zhu Yunming (styled Zhishan), are famous Ming dynasty painters, litterateurs; Li Gunian (Tang Dynasty), Huang Fan Chuo (Tang Dynasty), Jing Xinmo (five dynasties later Tang dynasty), are famous artists;--[[User:Gong Boya|Gong Boya]] ([[User talk:Gong Boya|talk]]) 12:23, 15 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Ni Yunlin, or Ni Zan, or Ni Yunlin, was a famous painter in the Yuan dynasty; Tang Bohu (or Tang Yin) and Zhu Zhishan (or Zhu Yunming) were famous painters and literary figures in the Ming dynasty; Li Guinian (of the Tang dynasty), Huang Fanchuo (of the Tang dynasty), and Jing Xinmo (of the post-Tang dynasty of the Five Dynasties) were all famous artists.--[[User:He Qin|He Qin]] ([[User talk:He Qin|talk]]) 06:39, 15 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==何芩 Hé Qín 翻译学 女 202120081489==&lt;br /&gt;
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卓文君(已见第一回注)、红拂(先为隋相杨素的侍女，后私奔李靖，也是前蜀·杜光庭《虬髯客传》中的女主人公)、薛涛(唐代才妓)、崔莺(即唐·元稹《会真记》、元·王实甫《西厢记》中的崔莺莺)、朝云(宋代名妓)，他们都是以才貌流芳的名女。​&lt;br /&gt;
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Zhuo Wenjun (see the first chapter note), Hong Fu (she used to be as the servant of the Sui minister Yang Su, then eloping to Li Jing; she was also the heroine of ''The Legend of the Gnarled Man'' by Du Guangting), Xue Tao (a talented prostitute of the Tang Dynasty), Cui Ying (i.e. Cui Yingying of Yuan Zhen's ''The Book of Hui Zhen'' and  Wang Shifu's &amp;quot;The Western Chamber&amp;quot;), Zhaoyun (a famous prostitute of the Song Dynasty), they are all famous for their talent and beauty. --[[User:He Qin|He Qin]] ([[User talk:He Qin|talk]]) 06:32, 15 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==胡舒情 Hú Shūqíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081490==&lt;br /&gt;
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成则公侯败则贼──意谓成功的人便能获得公爵、侯爵之类的高官显爵，失败的人便被看作贼寇。表示世上并无公理，世人不讲是非，只论成功与失败，即只以成败论英雄。这里化用了“败则盗贼，成则帝王”。​&lt;br /&gt;
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Success makes the Duke while failure makes the theif ——which means that, If one is successful, he will be worshipped as the Duke. While one is unsuccessful, he will be despised as the thief. It expresses that there is no generally acknowledged truth in the world and people neglect justice and only pay attention to success and failure, that is, the sole measure. It coins a phrase here, “Failure makes a thief， success a king.”&lt;br /&gt;
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The winner is Duke, the looser is theif means that the person who succeeded would be entitled like Duke and who failed would be dispised as a theif. It presents that there is no generally acknowledged truth in the world and people neglect justice and only pay attention to success and failure, that is, the sole measure. It coins a phrase here, “Failure makes a thief， success a king.”--[[User:Huang Jinyun|Huang Jinyun]] ([[User talk:Huang Jinyun|talk]]) 14:58, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄锦云 Huáng Jǐnyún 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081491==&lt;br /&gt;
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出自宋·邓牧《君道》：“嘻！天下何常之有？败则盗贼，成则帝王。”东床──指女婿。典出《晋书·王羲之传》、南朝宋·刘义庆《世说新语·雅量》：晋朝太尉郗鉴派人至丞相王导家相婿，王丞相令其到东厢房随意挑选。&lt;br /&gt;
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It is cited from Deng Mu's How to Be Emperor, a work in Song dynasty, saying &amp;quot;how can the world be immutable! The loser is the thief, and the winner is the emperor.&amp;quot;  Dongchuang refers to the son-in-law, used in Books of Jin: Wang Xizhi's Biography&amp;quot; and Liu Yiqing's &amp;quot;Shi Shuo Xin Yu · Elegance&amp;quot; (Southern Song dynasty): In Jin dynasty Tai Wei (supreme government official in charge of military affairs) Xijian sent an underlying to the prime minister Wang Dao's house for taking in a son-in-law, and Prime Minister Wang invite him to choose at will in the east wing.--[[User:Huang Jinyun|Huang Jinyun]] ([[User talk:Huang Jinyun|talk]]) 14:43, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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It is cited from Deng Mu's How to Be Emperor, a work in Song dynasty, saying &amp;quot;how can the world be immutable! The loser is the thief, and the winner is the emperor.&amp;quot; Dongchuang refers to the son-in-law, used in Books of Jin: Wang Xizhi's Biography&amp;quot; and Liu Yiqing's &amp;quot;Shi Shuo Xin Yu · Elegance&amp;quot; (Southern Song dynasty): In Jin dynasty Tai Wei (supreme government official in charge of military affairs) Xijian sent an official to the prime minister Wang Dao's house choosing a son-in-law, and Prime Minister Wang invited him to choose at will in the east wing room.--[[User:Huang Yiyan1|Huang Yiyan1]] ([[User talk:Huang Yiyan1|talk]]) 14:51, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄逸妍 Huáng Yìyán 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081492==&lt;br /&gt;
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此人过去一看，见王家诸郎皆很矜持，唯独王羲之坦腹躺在东床之上，毫不在乎。此人回报，郗鉴即选中王羲之为婿。后世即以“东床”、“东床坦腹”、“东床客”、“东床娇客”等代指女婿。​&lt;br /&gt;
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The man looked over and saw that all the  lords of Wang family were very reserved, except Wang Xizhi, who was lying on the east bed and didn't care, showing his belly. In return, Xi Jian chose Wang Xizhi as his son-in-law. Later generations referred to the son-in-law with &amp;quot;East Bed&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;East Bed Man Showing Belly&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;East Bed Guest&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;East Bed Distinguished Guest&amp;quot; and so on.--[[User:Huang Yiyan1|Huang Yiyan1]] ([[User talk:Huang Yiyan1|talk]]) 04:59, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄柱梁 Huáng Zhùliáng 国别 男 202120081493==&lt;br /&gt;
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退了一舍之地──意谓退避三十里。形容退居其后，不敢与争。 一舍：三十里。 这里化用了“退避三舍”之典。&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Jin Xiaotong|Jin Xiaotong]] ([[User talk:Jin Xiaotong|talk]]) 12:02, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==金晓童 Jīn Xiǎotóng  202120081494==&lt;br /&gt;
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典出《左传·僖公二十三年》：春秋时，晋国公子重耳出奔至楚，楚成王礼遇之，因问道：“公子若反(返)晋国，则何以报不谷？”重耳对曰：“若以君之灵，得反晋国，晋、楚治兵，遇于中原，其辟(避)君三舍。”&lt;br /&gt;
This story comes from ''Zuo Zhuan · Xi public twenty three years'': During the Spring and Autumn Period (777-476 BC), Childe Chong Er of the state of Jin went to the state of Chu. King Cheng of Chu gave a banquet for Chong er and asked, &amp;quot;If childe returns to the state of Jin, how will you repay me? Chong Er answered, &amp;quot;If I can return to the state of Jin, if the troops of the state of Jin and the state of Chu meet each other in the Central Plains, I will ask the troops of the state of Jin to retreat 90 li.--[[User:Jin Xiaotong|Jin Xiaotong]] ([[User talk:Jin Xiaotong|talk]]) 06:56, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邝艳丽 Kuàng Yànl 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081495==&lt;br /&gt;
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后重耳返国为君，晋、楚城濮(在今山东省鄄城县西南)之战，重耳遵守诺言，晋军果“退三舍以辟之”。&lt;br /&gt;
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第三回&lt;br /&gt;
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托内兄如海荐西宾 接外孙贾母惜孤女&lt;br /&gt;
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==李爱璇 Lǐ Àixuán 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081496==&lt;br /&gt;
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却说雨村忙回头看时，不是别人，乃是当日同僚一案参革的张如圭。他系此地人，革后家居，今打听得都中奏准起复旧员之信，他便四下里寻情找门路，忽遇见雨村，故忙道喜。二人见了礼，张如圭便将此信告知雨村。&lt;br /&gt;
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Yue-ts'un, turning round in a hurry, perceived that the speaker was no other than a certain Chang Ju-kuei, an old colleague of his, who had been denounced and deprived of office, on account of some case or other; a native of that district, who had, since his degradation, resided in his home.Having come to hear the news that a memorial, presented in the capital, that the former officers (who had been cashiered) should be reinstated, had received the imperial consent, he had promptly done all he could, in every nook and corner, to obtain influence, and to find the means (of righting his position,) when he, unexpectedly, came across Yue-ts'un, to whom he therefore lost no time in offering his congratulations. The two friends exchanged the conventional salutations, and Chang Ju-kuei communicated the tidings to Yue-ts'un.&lt;br /&gt;
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Yue-ts'un, speedily looking back on, perceived that the speaker was no other than a certain Chang Ju-kuei, an old colleague of his, who had participated in the former case but been denounced and deprived of office, on account of some case or other. He was a native of that district, who had resided at home since his degradation. Having lately come to hear the news that a memorial, presented in the capital, that the former officers (who had been cashiered) should be reinstated, had received the imperial consent, he had promptly done all he could to obtain influence, and to find the means of righting his position. When he, unexpectedly, came across Yue-ts'un, he offered offering his congratulations to him soon. The two friends greeted to each other, exchanging the conventional salutations, and Chang Ju-kuei forthwith passed on the information to Yue-ts'un.--[[User:Li Ruiyang|Li Ruiyang]] ([[User talk:Li Ruiyang|talk]]) 04:55, 15 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李瑞洋 Lǐ Ruìyáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081497==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村欢喜，忙忙叙了两句，各自别去回家。冷子兴听得此言，便忙献计，令雨村央求林如海，转向都中去央烦贾政。雨村领其意而别，回至馆中，忙寻邸报看真确了。次日，面谋之如海。如海道：“天缘凑巧。&lt;br /&gt;
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Yue-ts'un was delighted, but after he had made a few remarks in a hurry, each took his leave and sped on his own way homewards. After hearing this conversation,  Leng Tzu-hsing hastened at once to propose a plan, advising Yue-ts'un to request Lin Ju-hai, then, in his turn, to appeal to Chia Cheng in the capital for support. Yue-ts'un accepted the suggestion, and took leave of him. Upon returning to the quarter, he made all haste to lay his hand on the Metropolitan Gazette, to ascertain whether the news was authentic or not. On the next day, he had a personal consultation with Ju-hai. &amp;quot;Providence and good fortune are both alike propitious!&amp;quot; said by Ju-hai.--[[User:Li Ruiyang|Li Ruiyang]] ([[User talk:Li Ruiyang|talk]]) 04:57, 15 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Yue-ts'un was delighted, but after he they made a short conversation, each of them stepped on their own way homewards. After hearing the words of Yue-ts'un, Leng Tzu-hsing hastened at once to propose a plan, advising Yue-ts'un to request Lin Ju-hai, then, in his turn, to appeal to Chia Cheng in the capital for support. Yue-ts'un accepted the suggestion, and took leave of him. Upon returning to the quarter, he made all haste to read the Metropolitan Gazette, to ascertain the authenticity of that news. On the next day, he made a personal consultation with Ju-hai. Thus, Ju-hai said, &amp;quot;Providence and good fortune are both alike propitious!&amp;quot; --[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 13:06, 15 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李姗 Lǐ Shān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081498==&lt;br /&gt;
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因贱荆去世，都中家岳母念及小女无人依傍，前已遣了男女、船只来接，因小女未曾大痊，故尚未行。此刻正思送女进京。因向蒙教训之恩，未经酬报，遇此机会，岂有不尽心图报之理？弟已预筹之，修下荐书一封，托内兄务为周全，方可稍尽弟之鄙诚；&lt;br /&gt;
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Since my wife has passed away, my mother-in-law has long before dispatched servants and transporting boats here to fetch my lonely daughter. But she has not set off yet due to the fact that she had not fully recovered at that time. As she is in good condition now, I am considering sending her to her grandma's. Once you have taught my daughter but desired no handsome payment; while now you need help, how can I sit on the fence? I have already well prepared for that in advance --- a recommendation letter has been written to my brother-in-law, to ensure your success in career. Only in this way can I show my gratitude towards you.--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 08:15, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Since my wife has passed away, my mother-in-law who lives in the capital worried that my daughter has no one to rely on. So she has long before dispatched servants and transporting boats here to fetch my lonely daughter. But she has not set off yet due to the fact that she had not fully recovered at that time. As she is in good condition now, I am considering sending her to her grandma's. Once you have taught my daughter but desired no handsome payment; while now you need help, how can I sit on the fence? I have already well prepared for that in advance --- a recommendation letter has been written to my brother-in-law, to ensure your success in career. Only in this way can I show my gratitude towards you.--[[User:Li Shuang|Li Shuang]] ([[User talk:Li Shuang|talk]]) 07:43, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李双 Lǐ Shuāng 翻译学 女 202120081499==&lt;br /&gt;
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即有所费，弟于内家信中写明，不劳吾兄多虑。”雨村一面打恭，谢不释口；一面又问：“不知令亲大人现居何职？只怕晚生草率，不敢进谒。”如海笑道：“若论舍亲，与尊兄犹系一家，乃荣公之孙：大内兄现袭一等将军之职，名赦，字恩侯；&lt;br /&gt;
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“As for the possible costs, I will explain in the letter. You don’t need to worry about it.” Yu Cun bent down and expressed his gratitude, asking: “What does your brother do now? I’m worried that I would take the liberty to pay a visit, it’s too hasty.” Ru Hai laughed and said: “My brother and your brother belong to the same family. They are both descendants of Origin Merchant. My eldest brother is now a first-class general, his name is Pardon Merchant, whose alternative given name is Enhou.”--[[User:Li Shuang|Li Shuang]] ([[User talk:Li Shuang|talk]]) 07:38, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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“As for the possible costs, I will explain in the letter. You needn’t to worry about it.” Yu Cun bent down and expressed his gratitude, asking: “What does your brother do now? I’m worried that I would take the liberty to pay a visit, it’s too hasty.” Ru Hai laughed and said: “My brother and your brother belong to the same family. They are both descendants of Ronggong. The eldest brother of my wife is now a first-class general, his name is Pardon Merchant, whose alternative given name is Enhou.” --[[User:Li Wenxuan|Li Wenxuan]] ([[User talk:Li Wenxuan|talk]]) 23:46, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李文璇 Lǐ Wénxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081500==&lt;br /&gt;
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二内兄名政，字存周，现任工部员外郎，其为人谦恭厚道，大有祖父遗风，非膏粱轻薄之流，故弟致书烦托，否则不但有污尊兄清操，即弟亦不屑为矣。”雨村听了，心下方信了昨日子兴之言，于是又谢了林如海。&lt;br /&gt;
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“The second brother of my wife named Zheng, his style name is Cunzhou. He is the Yuanwai official of the Ministry of Works in feudal China. He is moderate and kind, has the dignity of his grandfather, and is not the flimsy type. Therefore, my brother sent a letter to me. Otherwise, I will not only pollute my brother's operation, but also despise my brother.” After hearing this, Yuchun had believed the words of Zixing yesterday, therefore, he thanked Lin Ruhai again. --[[User:Li Wenxuan|Li Wenxuan]] ([[User talk:Li Wenxuan|talk]]) 01:27, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The second brother-in-law is named Zheng, and the word is kept in Zhou. He is currently a member of the Ministry of Engineering. He is courteous and kind. He has a grandfather's legacy. He is not anointing and frivolous. Disdainful. &amp;quot;Yucun listened, and believed in Xing's words from yesterday, so he thanked Lin Ruhai again.--[[User:Li Wen|Li Wen]] ([[User talk:Li Wen|talk]]) 14:12, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李雯 Lǐ Wén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081501==&lt;br /&gt;
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如海又说：“择了出月初二日小女入都，吾兄即同路而往，岂不两便？”雨村唯唯听命，心中十分得意。如海遂打点礼物并饯行之事，雨村一一领了。那女学生原不忍离亲而去，无奈他外祖母必欲其往，且兼如海说：“汝父年已半百，再无续室之意；&lt;br /&gt;
Ruhai also said: &amp;quot;I chose the girl to enter the capital on the second day of the lunar month, and my brother will go the same way. Isn't it both convenient?&amp;quot; Yucun obeyed,and RuHai was very satisfied . Ruhai then took some gifts and walked away, and Yucun took them one by one. The girl student couldn't bear to leave her relatives, but his grandmother wanted to go there. She also said like the sea: &amp;quot;Your father is half a hundred years old, and there is no intention to remarry.--[[User:Li Wen|Li Wen]] ([[User talk:Li Wen|talk]]) 14:11, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李新星 Lǐ Xīnxīng 亚非语言文学 女 202120081503==&lt;br /&gt;
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且汝多病，年又极小，上无亲母教养，下无姊妹扶持。今去依傍外祖母及舅氏姊妹，正好减我内顾之忧，如何不去？”黛玉听了，方洒泪拜别，随了奶娘及荣府中几个老妇登舟而去。雨村另有船只，带了两个小童，依附黛玉而行。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李怡 Lǐ Yí 法语语言文学 女 202120081504==&lt;br /&gt;
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一日到了京都，雨村先整了衣冠，带着童仆，拿了宗侄的名帖，至荣府门上投了。彼时贾政已看了妹丈之书，即忙请入相会。见雨村相貌魁伟，言谈不俗；且这贾政最喜的是读书人，礼贤下士，拯溺救危，大有祖风；况又系妹丈致意：因此优待雨村，更又不同。&lt;br /&gt;
One day, when YuCun arrived in Jingdou, he dressed himself, and went to Rongfu with his nephew's name card. At this time Jia Zheng had seen his brother-in-law's letter, immediately invited him to come in to meet. Yucun looked tall and handsome and talked well. And Jia Zheng most like scholar, courtesy, saving, great predecessors style; Therefore, Jia Zheng is very good to Yucun. He is different from others.--[[User:Li Yi|Li Yi]] ([[User talk:Li Yi|talk]]) 08:18, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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One day, when YuCun arrived in Jingdou, he dressed himself, and went to Rongfu with his nephew's name card. At this time Jia Zheng had received  his brother-in-law's letter, immediately invited him to come in to meet. Yucun looked tall and handsome and talked well. And Jia Zheng most like scholar, courtesy, saving, great predecessors style; Therefore, Jia Zheng is very good to Yucun. He is different from others.--[[User:Liu Shengnan|Liu Shengnan]] ([[User talk:Liu Shengnan|talk]]) 11:51, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘沛婷 Liú Pèitíng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081505==&lt;br /&gt;
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便极力帮助，题奏之日，谋了一个复职。不上两月，便选了金陵应天府，辞了贾政，择日到任去了，不在话下。且说黛玉自那日弃舟登岸时，便有荣府打发轿子并拉行李车辆伺候。这黛玉尝听得母亲说，他外祖母家与别人家不同。&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘胜楠 Liú Shèngnán 翻译学 女 202120081506==&lt;br /&gt;
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他近日所见的这几个三等的仆妇，吃穿用度，已是不凡；何况今至其家，都要步步留心，时时在意，不要多说一句话，不可多行一步路，恐被人耻笑了去。自上了轿，进了城，从纱窗中瞧了一瞧，其街市之繁华，人烟之阜盛，自非别处可比。&lt;br /&gt;
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In the past few days, she has been deeply impressed by the food, clothing and behavior of the low- ranking attendants who accompanied her. She decided that in their new home, she must always be vigilant and carefully weigh every word so as not to be ridiculed for any stupid mistake. When she carried into the city, she peeped out through the gauze window on her chair at the bustling and crowded streets, which she had never seen before.--[[User:Liu Shengnan|Liu Shengnan]] ([[User talk:Liu Shengnan|talk]]) 08:32, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The three-class servants she had seen recently have an extraordinary cost of food and clothing. What's more, since got on the sedan chair and entered the city, the prosperous market and the populousness of the city through the screen window were not comparable to other places. when coming to grandmother's mansion must pay attention to every step and be cautious with words so as not to be ridiculed by others. Daiyu thought.  --[[User:Liu Wei|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei|talk]]) 15:56, 12 December 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘薇 Liú Wēi 国别 女 202120081507==&lt;br /&gt;
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又行了半日，忽见街北蹲着两个大石狮子，三间兽头大门，门前列坐着十来个华冠丽服之人。正门不开，只东、西两角门有人出入。正门之上有一匾，匾上大书“敕造宁国府”五个大字。黛玉想道：“这是外祖的长房了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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After half day, there are two large stone lions squatting on the north side of the street, three gates decorated with beast head, and a dozen people in gorgeous crowns and clothes are sitting in front of the gate. The main gate is closing, only the east and west corners enterences are accessible. There is a plaque above the main gate with five big characters &amp;quot;Ningguo Mansion&amp;quot;.  &amp;quot;That must be grandfather's the first son's mansion.&amp;quot;Daiyu thought.  --[[User:Liu Wei|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei|talk]]) 15:39, 12 December 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei&lt;br /&gt;
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After another half-day walk, they came to a street with two huge stone lions crouching on the north side and three gates decorated with beast head, in front of which ten or more people in gorgeous crowns and clothes were sitting. The main gate was shut, with only people passing in and out of the other two smaller gates. On a board above the main gate was written in big characters &amp;quot;Ningguo Mansion Built at Imperial Command&amp;quot;. Daiyu realized that this must be where the elder branch of her grandmather's family lived.--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 05:40, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘晓 Liú Xiǎo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081508==&lt;br /&gt;
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又往西不远，照样也是三间大门，方是荣国府，却不进正门，只由西角门而进。轿子抬着走了一箭之远，将转弯时便歇了轿，后面的婆子也都下来了。另换了四个眉目秀洁的十七八岁的小厮上来抬着轿子，众婆子步下跟随。&lt;br /&gt;
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A little further to the west they came to another three gates. This was the Rong Mansion. Instead of going through the main gate, they entered the one on the west. The bearers carried the chair a bow-shot further, and then set it down at the turning and withdrew, the maidservants now going down the chair. Another four seventeen or eighteen smartly dressed lads picked up the chair, followed by the maids.--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 05:09, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Not far to the west is the same three-room gate, which is the Rongguo Mansion. Instead of going through the main gate, they entered the one on the west. The bearers carried the chair a bow-shot further, and then set it down at the turning and withdrew, the maidservants now going down the chair. Another four seventeen or eighteen smartly dressed lads picked up the chair, followed by the maids.--[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 07:26, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘越 Liú Yuè 亚非语言文学 女 202120081509==&lt;br /&gt;
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至一垂花门前落下，那小厮俱肃然退出。众婆子上前打起轿帘，扶黛玉下了轿。黛玉扶着婆子的手，进了垂花门，两边是超手游廊，正中是穿堂，当地放着一个紫檀架子大理石屏风。转过屏风，小小三间厅房。&lt;br /&gt;
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When the palanquin was dropped in front of a pendant door, the attendants all retired in silence. The ladies came forward and raised the curtain of the palanquin and helped Daiyu out of the palanquin. The two sides of the door are overhand corridors, and the centre is a hall with a marble screen on a rosewood frame. Turning past the screen, there is a small three-room hall.--[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 07:22, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘运心 Liú Yùnxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081510==&lt;br /&gt;
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厅后便是正房大院：正面五间上房，皆是雕梁画栋；两边穿山游廊、厢房，挂着各色鹦鹉、画眉等雀鸟。台阶上坐着几个穿红着绿的丫头，一见他们来了，都笑迎上来道：“刚才老太太还念诵呢，可巧就来了。”于是三四人争着打帘子。一面听得人说：“林姑娘来了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗安怡 Luó Ānyí 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081511==&lt;br /&gt;
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黛玉方进房，只见两个人扶着一位鬓发如银的老母迎上来。黛玉知是外祖母了，正欲下拜，早被外祖母抱住，搂入怀中，“心肝儿肉”叫着大哭起来。当下侍立之人无不下泪，黛玉也哭个不休。众人慢慢解劝，那黛玉方拜见了外祖母。&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗曦 Luó Xī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081512==&lt;br /&gt;
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贾母方一一指与黛玉道：“这是你大舅母。这是二舅母。这是你先前珠大哥的媳妇珠大嫂子。”黛玉一一拜见。贾母又说：“请姑娘们。今日远客来了，可以不必上学去。”众人答应了一声，便去了两个。&lt;br /&gt;
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==马新 Mǎ Xīn 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081513==&lt;br /&gt;
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不一时，只见三个奶妈并五六个丫鬟，拥着三位姑娘来了：第一个肌肤微丰，身材合中，腮凝新荔，鼻腻鹅脂，温柔沉默，观之可亲；第二个削肩细腰，长挑身材，鸭蛋脸儿，俊眼修眉，顾盼神飞，文彩精华，见之忘俗；&lt;br /&gt;
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In a little while, three grannies and five or six servant girls turned up, clustering with three ladies. The first was somewhere plump in figure and of average height; her cheek was in beautiful shape, like a fresh lichee; her nose was glossy like the goose grease; she was gentle and quiet in nature, who looks very friendly. The second  was thin and tall with an oval face, sparking eyes and long eyebrows; her elegance and quick-witted mind tickle people’s fancy, letting them forget everything vulgar.--[[User:Ma Xin|Ma Xin]] ([[User talk:Ma Xin|talk]]) 08:11, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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After a while, the three young ladies showed up, escorted by three wet nurses and five or six maids. The first was slightly plump and of medium height; her cheeks were as smooth and soft as the newly ripened lichees, and her nose was as glossy as goose fat. She was tender and reticent, and looked very affable. The second had drooping shoulders and a slender waist; she was tall and slim, with an oval face, bright and piercing eyes as well as delicate eyebrows. She seemed elegant, quick-witted and in high spirits, with a display of distinctive charm. People who looked at her were to forget everything vulgar and tawdry.--[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 23:42, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛雅文 Máo Yǎwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081514==&lt;br /&gt;
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第三个身量未足，形容尚小：其钗环裙袄，三人皆是一样的妆束。黛玉忙起身，迎上来见礼，互相厮认，归了坐位。丫鬟送上茶来。不过叙些黛玉之母如何得病，如何请医服药，如何送死发丧。不免贾母又伤感起来，因说：“我这些女孩儿，所疼的独有你母亲。&lt;br /&gt;
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The third one was not yet fully grown, and she still had the face of a child. All the three young ladies were dressed in similar garments, that is, the tunics and the skirts with the same bracelets and head ornaments. Daiyu hastily rose to greet politely these cousins, and then they introduced to and acquainted with each other, after which they took seats while the maids served the tea. All their talk now was about Daiyu's mother: the culprit for her illness, the medicine that the doctors prescribed for treating her disease, and the conduction of her funeral and mourning ceremonies. Inevitably, the Lady Dowager couldn't help being affected painfully. &amp;quot;Of all my chilren I loved your mother best,&amp;quot; she told Daiyu.--[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 07:49, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛优 Máo Yōu 俄语语言文学 女 202120081515==&lt;br /&gt;
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今一旦先我而亡，不得见面，怎不伤心！”说着，携了黛玉的手，又哭起来。众人都忙相劝慰，方略略止住。众人见黛玉年纪虽小，其举止言谈不俗；身体面貌虽弱不胜衣，却有一段风流态度，便知他有不足之症。&lt;br /&gt;
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Once she died before me, I could not see her again. She said, taking Daiyu's hand, and cried again. Everyone was busy trying to console her, and soon she slightly stopped. They saw that although Daiyu was young, her manner and speech were not ordinary; although her health was weak, she had graceful and elegant manner, so they knew that she had a disease of deficiency.--[[User:Mao You|Mao You]] ([[User talk:Mao You|talk]]) 08:43, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;Once she died before me, it is so sad that I could not see her again.&amp;quot; she said, taking Daiyu's hand, and cried again. Everyone was trying to console her, and then she slightly stopped. They saw that although Daiyu was young, her manner and speech were not ordinary; although she was weak, she had graceful and elegant gestures, so they learned that she had a disease of deficiency.--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 06:35, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==牟一心 Móu Yīxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081516==&lt;br /&gt;
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因问：“常服何药？为何不治好了？”黛玉道：“我自来如此，从会吃饭时便吃药到如今了，经过多少名医，总未见效。那一年我才三岁，记得来了一个癞头和尚，说要化我去出家，我父母自是不从。&lt;br /&gt;
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So they asked:&amp;quot; What medicine do you usually take? Why doesn't it work?&amp;quot; Daiyu replied:&amp;quot; I am used to getting along with my disease. I have been taking medicine since I could eat. A lot of famous daocters cannot contribute to my illness.When I was three years old, a monk with favus on the head came to persuade me to become a nun,but my parents declined him.--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 08:07, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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They then asked, &amp;quot;What medicines do you take regularly? Why can't you cure your illness?&amp;quot; Daiyu said, &amp;quot;I am used to getting along with my disease. I have been taking medicine since I could eat. A lot of famous docters cannot contribute to my illness. I was only three years old when I remember a mangy monk came and said he wanted to convert me to a monk, but my parents refused.--[[User:Peng Ruixue|Peng Ruixue]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruixue|talk]]) 06:29, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==彭瑞雪 Péng Ruìxuě 法语语言文学 女 202120081517==&lt;br /&gt;
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他又说：‘既舍不得他，但只怕他的病，一生也不能好的；若要好时，除非从此以后，总不许见哭声，除父母之外，凡有外亲，一概不见，方可平安了此一生。’这和尚疯疯癫癫，说了这些不经之谈，也没人理他。&lt;br /&gt;
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The monk said, &amp;quot;if you can't bear to part with her she'll probably nerver get well. The only remedy is to keep her from hearing weeping and from seeing any relatives apart from her father and mother. That's her only hope of having a quiet life.&amp;quot; No one paid any attention, of course, to such crazy talk.--[[User:Peng Ruixue|Peng Ruixue]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruixue|talk]]) 06:24, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==秦建安 Qín Jiànān 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081518==&lt;br /&gt;
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如今还是吃人参养荣丸。”贾母道：“这正好，我这里正配丸药呢，叫他们多配一料就是了。”一语未完，只听后院中有笑语声，说：“我来迟了，没得迎接远客。”黛玉思忖道：“这些人个个皆敛声屏气如此，这来者是谁，这样放诞无礼？”&lt;br /&gt;
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Now Lin Daiyu is still taking ginseng pills.And Grandma Jia said:&amp;quot; What a coincidence! The pills are making now, I just tell them to add one.&amp;quot; The words have not been finished, but there is a laugh in the back yard, which said:&amp;quot; I come late and fail to welcome our distinguished guest.&amp;quot; Daiyu thought: all people here are holding their breath, who is this person that is so arrogant and rude?--[[User:Qing Jianan|Qing Jianan]] ([[User talk:Qing Jianan|talk]]) 08:19, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Now Lin Daiyu is still taking ginseng pills. And Grandmother Jia said:&amp;quot; It just so happens that I have been asking them to dispense the pills, just asking them to do one more portion.&amp;quot; The words are not  finished, but there is a laugh in the back yard, which said:&amp;quot; I am late and fail to welcome our distinguished guest.&amp;quot; Daiyu thought: “all people here are holding their breath, who is this person that is so arrogant and rude?”--[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 09:33, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邱婷婷 Qiū Tíngtíng 英语语言文学（语言学）女 202120081519==&lt;br /&gt;
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心下想时，只见一群媳妇、丫鬟拥着一个丽人，从后房进来。这个人打扮与姑娘们不同，彩绣辉煌，恍若神妃仙子：头上戴着金丝八宝攒珠髻，绾着朝阳五凤挂珠钗；项上戴着赤金盘螭缨络圈；身上穿着缕金百蝶穿花大红云缎窄褃袄，外罩五彩刻丝石青银鼠褂；&lt;br /&gt;
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While Lin Daiyu is still thinking about it, a group of daughters-in-law and maids cluster around a beauty coming in from the back room. She dresses up differently from other girls, with colorful embroidery splendor, and looks like a divine concubine or a fairy: wearing a gold silk beads bun decorated with eight treasures and the five phoenix hairpin hanging with beads on the head; a red gold coiled chi dragon tassel ring around the neck; the bright red made of cloud satin material narrow lining cotton jacket with decorations of wisps of gold hundred butterflies and flowers, and the outer coat with decorations of the multicolored engraved silk stone green silver mouse.  --[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 09:34, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Lin Daiyu was still thinking about it when she saw a group of daughters-in-law and maids embracing a beautiful woman who came in from the back room. This woman dresses differently from the girls,  with colorful embroidery splendor,  and looks like a divine concubine fairy: wearing a gold silk eight treasure save beads bun and the sunrise five phoenix hanging beads hairpin on the head; a red gold coiled chi dragon tassel ring around the neck; wearing the bright red made of cloud satin material narrow lining cotton jacket with decorations of wisps of gold hundred butterflies and flowers, and  the outer coat with decorations of the multicolored engraved silk stone green silver mouse.--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 07:47, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==饶金盈 Ráo Jīnyíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081520==&lt;br /&gt;
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下着翡翠撒花洋绉裙。一双丹凤三角眼，两弯柳叶吊梢眉。身量苗条，体格风骚。粉面含春威不露，丹唇未启笑先闻。黛玉连忙起身接见。贾母笑道：“你不认得他。他是我们这里有名的一个泼辣货，南京所谓‘辣子’，你只叫他‘凤辣子’就是了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Wang Xifeng wore a jadeite flowered dress underneath, with a pair of phoenix triangle eyes and two curved willow hanging eyebrows. Her figure is slim and her physique is flirtatious. She can be described with “ the face is delicate and beautiful, spirited character of her is not revealed in the appearance, red lips beautiful, not yet open mouth first heard her laugh”. Lin Daiyu hastily got up to curtsy to  her. Lady Dowager said with a smile, &amp;quot;You do not recognize her. She is famous for her boldness and vigorousness  here, she is truly the 'chilli woman' in Nanjing dialect, you can just call her ' chilli Feng'.&amp;quot;--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 07:35, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Wang Xifeng, characterized by a pair of phoenix triangle eyes and two curved willow hanging eyebrows, wore an emerald flowered crepe skirt. She was slender and coquettish, with a delicate face and a smiling lip. Daiyu promptly rose quickly to greet her. Lady Dowager said with a smile: “ you don’t know him. He is famous for her fierceness and toughness, namely the so-called Nanjing chilli. So you can just call him ‘Chilli Feng’.”--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 12:48, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==石丽青 Shí Lìqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081521==&lt;br /&gt;
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黛玉正不知以何称呼，众姊妹都忙告诉黛玉道：“这是琏二嫂子。”黛玉虽不曾识面，听见他母亲说过：大舅贾赦之子贾琏，娶的就是二舅母王氏的内侄女，自幼假充男儿教养，叫做王熙凤学名。黛玉忙陪笑见礼，以“嫂”呼之。&lt;br /&gt;
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Daiyu was insensible of what to call her. Then her sisters told her promptly: “ this is your sister-in-law Lian Er.” Although Daiyu had never met her, she heard of her from his mother: Jia Lian, the son of her Uncle Jia She, had married the niece of Aunt Wang, named scientifically Wang Xifeng, was brought up as a male offspring since childhood. Daiyu was engaged in smiling and saluting at her, calling her “sister-in-law”.--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 12:32, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Daiyu didn't know what to call her. Then her sisters told her promptly: “This is your sister-in-law Lian Er.” Although Daiyu had never met her, she heard of her from his mother: Jia Lian, the son of her Uncle Jia She, had married the niece of Aunt Wang.She was brought up as a male offspring since childhood and her academic name is Wang Xifeng. Daiyu was engaged in smiling and saluting at her, calling her “sister-in-law”.--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 01:55, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==孙雅诗 Sūn Yǎshī 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081522==&lt;br /&gt;
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这熙凤携着黛玉的手，上下细细打量了一回，便仍送至贾母身边坐下，因笑道：“天下真有这样标致人儿！我今日才算看见了。况且这通身的气派，竟不像老祖宗的外孙女儿，竟是嫡亲的孙女儿似的，怨不得老祖宗天天嘴里心里放不下。&lt;br /&gt;
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Taking Daiyu's hand, Xifeng looked up and down her carefully, then she sent her to Mother Jia's side to sit down.She laughed and said:&amp;quot;There is really such a beautiful person in the world!I didn't see her until today.Moreover,the style of her makes her be more like your son's daughter than your daughter's daughter.It's no wonder that you are concerned about her so much.--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 01:49, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Taking Daiyu's hand, Xifeng looked her up and down carefully, then sent her to Mother Jia's side to sit down. She laughed and said:&amp;quot;There is really such a beautiful person in the world! I haven’t seen her until today. Moreover, her extraordinary temperament makes her be more like your son's daughter rather than your daughter's daughter. It's no wonder that you are concerned about her so much. --[[User:Wang Lifei|Wang Lifei]] ([[User talk:Wang Lifei|talk]]) 06:48, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王李菲 Wáng Lǐfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081523==&lt;br /&gt;
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只可怜我这妹妹这么命苦，怎么姑妈偏就去世了呢？”说着便用帕拭泪。贾母笑道：“我才好了，你又来招我；你妹妹远路才来，身子又弱，也才劝住了：快别再提了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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I pity my sister for being so miserable, how could my aunt died so early?&amp;quot; She said, wiping her tears with her handkerchief. Grandma Jia laughed and said, &amp;quot;I've just recovered. You come to provoke me again. Your sister has just arrived from a long journey and is weak, so she has just been persuaded: Don't mention it again.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wang Lifei|Wang Lifei]] ([[User talk:Wang Lifei|talk]]) 02:37, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I pity my sister who is so miserable, how could my aunt have died?&amp;quot; She said, wiping her tears with her handkerchief. Your sister has only just arrived from a long journey and is weak, so she has only just been persuaded to stop talking about it.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wang Yifan21|Wang Yifan21]] ([[User talk:Wang Yifan21|talk]]) 08:22, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王逸凡 Wáng Yìfán 亚非语言文学 女 202120081524==&lt;br /&gt;
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熙凤听了，忙转悲为喜道：“正是呢，我一见了妹妹，一心都在他身上，又是喜欢，又是伤心，竟忘了老祖宗了。该打，该打！”又忙拉着黛玉的手问道：“妹妹几岁了？可也上过学？现吃什么药？在这里别想家。&lt;br /&gt;
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The first time I saw my sister, I was all over him, and I liked him, and I was sad, and I forgot about my ancestors. You should be beaten, you should be beaten!&amp;quot; He also took Daiyu's hand and asked, &amp;quot;How old is my sister? How old is she? What kind of medicine do you take now? Don't be homesick here.--[[User:Wang Yifan21|Wang Yifan21]] ([[User talk:Wang Yifan21|talk]]) 08:21, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王镇隆 Wáng Zhènlóng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 男 202120081525==&lt;br /&gt;
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要什么吃的，什么玩的，只管告诉我；丫头、老婆们不好，也只管告诉我。”黛玉一一答应。一面熙凤又问人：“林姑娘的东西可搬进来了？带了几个人来？你们赶早打扫两间屋子，叫他们歇歇儿去。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Just tell me what you want to eat and play; Girls and old servants are not good, just tell me. &amp;quot; Daiyu nodded one by one. On one side, Xifeng asked, &amp;quot;have you moved in Miss Lin's things? How many people have you brought? Clean the two rooms early and tell them to have a rest.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wang Zhenlong|Wang Zhenlong]] ([[User talk:Wang Zhenlong|talk]]) 06:54, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Tell me what you want to eat and play; And if the maids or old nurses aren't good to you, just let me know. &amp;quot; Daiyu nodded one by one. At the same time, Xifeng asked, &amp;quot;Have Miss Lin's things been moved in? And how many people does she bring? Clean the two rooms as soon as possible and tell them to have a rest there.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wei Yiwen|Wei Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Wei Yiwen|talk]]) 08:24, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==卫怡雯 Wèi Yíwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081526==&lt;br /&gt;
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说话时已摆了果茶上来，熙凤亲自布让。又见二舅母问他：“月钱放完了没有？”熙凤道：“放完了。刚才带了人到后楼上找缎子，找了半日，也没见昨儿太太说的那个。想必太太记错了。”王夫人道：“有没有，什么要紧！”&lt;br /&gt;
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Fruits and tea had been prepared when Xifeng was talking, and she arranged them by herself. The second aunt asked her whether the monthly payment has been given out, she answered yes. “I looked for the satin in the back stairs with some people for hours just now, but didn’t find which madam mentioned yesterday. Madam must be wrong.” Wang Xifeng said, and Mrs. Wang answered, “ It doesn’t matter if there is or not.”--[[User:Wei Yiwen|Wei Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Wei Yiwen|talk]]) 07:45, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Fruits and tea had been prepared when Xifeng was talking, and she arranged them by herself. The second aunt asked her, &amp;quot;Have the monthly payment been given out?&amp;quot; Xifeng answered, &amp;quot;Yes. And I looked for the satin in the back stairs with some people for hours just now, but didn’t find what madam mentioned yesterday. Madam mabey remember something wrong.” Mrs. Wang replied, “ It doesn’t matter if there is or not.”--[[User:Wei Chuxuan|Wei Chuxuan]] ([[User talk:Wei Chuxuan|talk]]) 09:03, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏楚璇 Wèi Chǔxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081527==&lt;br /&gt;
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因又说道：“该随手拿出两个来，给你这妹妹裁衣裳啊。等晚上想着，再叫人去拿罢。”熙凤道：“我倒先料着了，知道妹妹这两日必到，我已经预备下了。等太太回去过了目，好送来。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Mrs. Wang said, &amp;quot;You should take out a couple of satin pieces to cut your sister's dress. When you think of this matter in the evening, send someone for the satin .&amp;quot; Xifeng said, &amp;quot;I expected it. I knew my sister would arrive in these two days, and I had already made preparations. I will send someone for the satin as soon as you have returned and examined it.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wei Chuxuan|Wei Chuxuan]] ([[User talk:Wei Chuxuan|talk]]) 08:52, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Mrs. Wang added, &amp;quot;You should take out a couple of satin pieces to cut your sister's dress. When you think of this in the evening, send someone for the satin .&amp;quot; Xifeng said, &amp;quot;I have expected it. I know my sister will arrive in these two days, and I have already made preparations. I will send someone for the satin as soon as you have examined it.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wei Zhaoyan|Wei Zhaoyan]] ([[User talk:Wei Zhaoyan|talk]]) 13:58, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏兆妍 Wèi Zhàoyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081528==&lt;br /&gt;
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王夫人一笑，点头不语。当下茶果已撤，贾母命两个老嬷嬷带黛玉去见两个舅舅去。维时贾赦之妻邢氏忙起身笑回道：“我带了外甥女儿过去，到底便宜些。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Her Ladyship smiled, nodded and said nothing. Now the refreshments were cleared away and the Lady Dowager ordered two nurses to take Daiyu to see her two uncles. At this time, Mrs. She also immediately stood up, replied with smile, &amp;quot;it's also very convenient for me to take my niece.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wei Zhaoyan|Wei Zhaoyan]] ([[User talk:Wei Zhaoyan|talk]]) 13:51, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Her Ladyship smiled, nodded but  said nothing. Now the refreshments were cleared away and the Lady Dowager ordered two mothers to take Daiyu to see her two uncles. At this time, Mrs. She immediately stood up, replied with a smile, &amp;quot;it's also very convenient for me to take my niece.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wu Jingyue|Wu Jingyue]] ([[User talk:Wu Jingyue|talk]]) 08:37, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴婧悦 Wú Jìngyuè 俄语语言文学 女 202120081529==&lt;br /&gt;
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贾母笑道：“正是呢，你也去罢，不必过来了。”那邢夫人答应了，遂带着黛玉，和王夫人作辞，大家送至穿堂。垂花门前早有众小厮拉过一辆翠幄青油车来，邢夫人携了黛玉坐上，众老婆们放下车帘，方命小厮们抬起。&lt;br /&gt;
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Jiamu laughed and said: “ Yeah, you can also leave, and don’t have to come here.” Ms. Xing promised, and said goodbye to Ms Wang with Daiyu, all of them went through the hallway. The ingenious green carriage, which drove by a group of manservants stood in front of the floral-pendant gates, Ms. Xing set in the car with Daiyu, several old mothers put down the car shade, instructing boys uplift the carriage. --[[User:Wu Jingyue|Wu Jingyue]] ([[User talk:Wu Jingyue|talk]]) 08:35, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
The mother laughed and said, &amp;quot;Exactly, you also go, no need to come.&amp;quot; That Mrs. Xing agreed, so took Daiyu, and Mrs. Wang to say goodbye, we sent to the wear hall. The tent green oil carriage in front of the flower gate, Mrs. Xing took Daiyu to sit on it, the wives put down the curtain, and ordered the boys to lift it.--[[User:Wu Yinghong|Wu Yinghong]] ([[User talk:Wu Yinghong|talk]]) 01:13, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴映红 Wú Yìnghóng 日语语言文学 女 202120081530==&lt;br /&gt;
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拉至宽处，驾上驯骡，出了西角门往东，过荣府正门，入一黑油漆大门内，至仪门前方下了车。邢夫人挽着黛玉的手进入院中。黛玉度其处必是荣府中之花园隔断过来的。&lt;br /&gt;
Pulled to a wide place, driving on the tame mule, out of the west corner gate to the east, past the main gate of Rongfu, into a black-painted gate, to the front of the ceremony door down the car. Mrs. Xing took Daiyu's hand and entered the courtyard. The first thing you need to do is to get to the garden.&lt;br /&gt;
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Then he took the mule，went out the west Corner gate to the east, passed the main gate of Rongfu, entered a black painted gate, and got off in front of Yi gate. Lady Xing took Daiyu's hand and entered the courtyard. Daiyu spent its place must be the garden in the rong mansion partition come over.--[[User:Xiao Yiyao|Xiao Yiyao]] ([[User talk:Xiao Yiyao|talk]]) 01:38, 15 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531==&lt;br /&gt;
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进入三层仪门，果见正房、厢房、游廊悉皆小巧别致，不似那边的轩峻壮丽，且院中随处之树木山石皆好。及进入正室，早有许多艳妆丽服之姬妾、丫鬟迎着。邢夫人让黛玉坐了；一面令人到外书房中请贾赦。&lt;br /&gt;
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When we entered the three-story ceremonial gate, the main room, wing room and verandah were all small and unique, unlike those of the other side. Besides, the trees, mountains and stones in the courtyard were all good. When they entered the main room, there were many concubines and servant girls dressed in colourful makeup and beautiful clothes waiting for them. Madam Xing asked Daiyu to sit down and then let others invite Jia She in the outer study.--[[User:Xiao Yiyao|Xiao Yiyao]] ([[User talk:Xiao Yiyao|talk]]) 01:02, 15 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532==&lt;br /&gt;
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一时回来说：“老爷说了：‘连日身上不好，见了姑娘，彼此伤心，暂且不忍相见。劝姑娘不必伤怀想家，跟着老太太和舅母，是和家里一样的。姐妹们虽拙，大家一处作伴，也可以解些烦闷。或有委屈之处，只管说，别外道了才是。’”&lt;br /&gt;
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Mrs.Xing came back and said, &amp;quot;the master said, 'I've been felt not so good for days. I am afraid that I will be emotional if I see you, so I can't bear to see you for the time being. I advise you not to be homesick. It's the same as home to follow the old lady and aunt. Although the sisters are clumsy, you can relieve some boredom if you keep company together. If you have grievances, just tell us and make yourself at home.''--[[User:Xie Jiafen|Xie Jiafen]] ([[User talk:Xie Jiafen|talk]]) 12:07, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢庆琳 Xiè Qìnglín 俄语语言文学 女 202120081533==&lt;br /&gt;
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黛玉忙站起身来，一一答应了。再坐一刻便告辞，邢夫人苦留吃过饭去。黛玉笑回道：“舅母爱惜赐饭，原不应辞；只是还要过去拜见二舅舅，恐去迟了不恭，异日再领。望舅母容谅。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==熊敏 Xióng Mǐn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081534==&lt;br /&gt;
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邢夫人道：“这也罢了。”遂命两个嬷嬷用方才坐来的车送过去。于是黛玉告辞。邢夫人送至仪门前，又嘱咐了众人几句，眼看着车去了方回来。一时黛玉进入荣府，下了车，只见一条大甬路直接出大门来。&lt;br /&gt;
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==徐敏赟 Xú Mǐnyūn 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 男 202120081535==&lt;br /&gt;
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众嬷嬷引着，便往东转弯，走过一座东西穿堂，向南大厅之后，仪门内大院落：上面五间大正房，两边厢房，鹿顶耳房钻山，四通八达，轩昂壮丽，比各处不同。黛玉便知这方是正内室。&lt;br /&gt;
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Led by the mammy, she turned east, passed through an east-west hall, and came to the south hall, where she found a large courtyard inside the Gate of Yi: five main rooms on the top, flanks on both sides, and deer's roof and ears, extending in all directions, magnificent and different from other places. Daiyu knew this was the inner room.--[[User:Xu Minyun|Xu Minyun]] ([[User talk:Xu Minyun|talk]]) 09:10, 18 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Led by the mammies, they turned eastward and passed through an east-west hallway and the southward hall, she found a large courtyard inside the secondary gate: five main rooms on the top, flanks on both sides, and a small flat topped house next to the main house, extending in all directions, magnificent and different from other places. Daiyu knew this was the inner room.--[[User:Yan Jing|Yan Jing]] ([[User talk:Yan Jing|talk]]) 10:08, 18 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜静 Yán Jìng 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 女 202120081536==&lt;br /&gt;
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进入堂屋，抬头迎面先见一个赤金九龙青地大匾，匾上写着斗大三个字，是“荣禧堂”；后有一行小字：“某年月日书赐荣国公贾源”，又有“万幾宸翰”之宝。大紫檀雕螭案上，设着三尺多高青绿古铜鼎，悬着待漏随朝墨龙大画，一边是錾金彝，一边是玻璃盆。&lt;br /&gt;
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Entering the main room, I looked up and saw a great blue board framed in gilded dragons. On the plaque, there were two big words &amp;quot;Rongxi hall&amp;quot;; Then there is a line of small characters: &amp;quot;on a certain date, this was given to Jia Yuan, the Duke of Honor&amp;quot;, and there was the treasure of Emperor's handwriting. On the large red sandalwood table that carved with dragon, there was a green bronze tripod more than three feet high, hanging a large ink dragon painting that seemed to attend the imperial court session in the early morning, with gilded wine vessels on one side and a glass basin on the other.--[[User:Yan Jing|Yan Jing]] ([[User talk:Yan Jing|talk]]) 08:11, 18 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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there was a green bronze tripod more than three feet high, hanging a large ink dragon painting that seemed to attend the imperial court session in the early morning, with gilded wine vessels on one side and a glass basin on the other.--[[User:Yan Lili|Yan Lili]] ([[User talk:Yan Lili|talk]]) 12:05, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜莉莉 Yán Lìlì 国别 女 202120081537==&lt;br /&gt;
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地下两溜十六张楠木圈椅。又有一副对联，乃是乌木联牌镶着錾金字迹，道是：座上珠玑昭日月，堂前黼黻焕烟霞。下面一行小字是“世教弟勋袭东安郡王穆莳拜手书”。原来王夫人时常居坐宴息也不在这正室中，只在东边的三间耳房内。&lt;br /&gt;
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On the ground two rows of 16 nanmu armchairs. There is also a pair of couplets, ebony couplet inset with gold handwriting, it said:The pearl and jade in the seat can shine with the sun and the moon; The people in front of the lobby wearing official clothes, its colors like clouds like clouds. The next line is written by mu Shis, the hereditary king of Dongpyeong County, who is a brother who has been taught by your family for generations.For Lady Wang often sat and reposed not in this main room, but in the three eastern rooms.--[[User:Yan Lili|Yan Lili]] ([[User talk:Yan Lili|talk]]) 03:36, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Since Lady Wang seldom sat in this main hall but used three rooms on the east side for relaxation.--[[User:Yan Zihan|Yan Zihan]] ([[User talk:Yan Zihan|talk]]) 10:04, 14 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜子涵 Yán Zǐhán 国别 女 202120081538==&lt;br /&gt;
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于是嬷嬷们引黛玉进东房门来。临窗大炕上铺着猩红洋毯，正面设着大红金钱蟒引枕，秋香色金钱蟒大条褥；两边设一对梅花式洋漆小几：左边几上摆着文王鼎，鼎旁匙箸、香盒；右边几上摆着汝窑美人觚，里面插着时鲜花草。&lt;br /&gt;
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So that the nurses led Daiyu through the door of the eastern wing. The large kang by the window was covered with a scarlet foreign rug. In the middle were red back-rests and turquoise bolsters, both with dragon-design medallions, and a long greenish yellow mattress also with dragon medallions.  On the two sides， stood one of a pair of small teapoys of foreign lacquer of plum-blossom pattern. On the left-hand table were a tripod, spoons, chopsticks and an incense container;  On the right-hand table were a slender-waisted porcelain vase from the Ruzhou Kiln in which were placed seasonable flowers.--[[User:Yan Zihan|Yan Zihan]] ([[User talk:Yan Zihan|talk]]) 09:48, 14 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Thereupon,the nurses led Daiyu through the door of the eastern wing. The large kang by the window was covered with a scarlet foreign rug. In the middle were red back-rests and turquoise bolsters, both with dragon-design medallions, and a long greenish yellow mattress also with dragon medallions.  On the two sides stood on a pair of small teapoys of foreign lacquer of plum-blossom pattern. On the left-hand table were a tripod, spoons, chopsticks and an incense container;  On the right-hand table were a slender-waisted porcelain vase from the Ruzhou Kiln in which were placed seasonable flowers.--[[User:Yang Jiaying|Yang Jiaying]] ([[User talk:Yang Jiaying|talk]]) 13:47, 14 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==阳佳颖 Yáng Jiāyǐng 国别 女 202120081540==&lt;br /&gt;
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地下面，西一溜四张大椅，都搭着银红撒花椅搭，底下四副脚踏；两边又有一对高几，几上茗碗、瓶花俱备。其馀陈设，不必细说。老嬷嬷让黛玉上炕坐。炕沿上却也有两个锦褥对设。&lt;br /&gt;
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On the floor on the west side of the room, were four chairs in a row, all of which were covered with antimacassars, embroidered with silverish-red flowers.Beneath them stood four footstools. On either side, was also a pair of high teapoys which were covered with teacups and flower vases.The rest of the room need not be described in detail.&lt;br /&gt;
The nurses urged Daiyu to sit on the kang, on the edge of which were two brocade cushions. --[[User:Yang Jiaying|Yang Jiaying]] ([[User talk:Yang Jiaying|talk]]) 13:42, 14 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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On the floor facing on the west wall were four chairs in a row, all of which were covered with ornamented cloth embroidered with silverish-red flowers.Beneath them stood four footstools. On either side were a pair of high table with teacups and flower vases.Other decorations in the rest of the room need not be described in detail.The nurses urged Daiyu to sit on the kang, on the edge of which were two brocade cushions.--[[User:Yang Aijiang|Yang Aijiang]] ([[User talk:Yang Aijiang|talk]]) 09:50, 18 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨爱江 Yáng Àijiāng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081541==&lt;br /&gt;
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黛玉度其位次，便不上炕，只就东边椅上坐了。本房的丫鬟忙捧上茶来。黛玉一面吃了，打量这些丫鬟们妆饰衣裙，举止行动，果与别家不同。&lt;br /&gt;
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Considering her status in the family, Daiyu sat on one of the chairs on the east side instead of sitting on the ''kang''. The maids in attendance served tea immediately. When she was sipping the tea, she observed the maids’ make-up,clothes and deportment, which, her thought, were indeed quite different from those in other families.--[[User:Yang Aijiang|Yang Aijiang]] ([[User talk:Yang Aijiang|talk]]) 09:38, 18 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Considering her status in the family, Daiyu sat on one of the chairs on the east side instead of sitting on the ''kang''. The maids in attendance served tea immediately.Sipping the tea, she observed the maids’ make-up,clothes and deportment, which, her thought, were indeed quite different from those in other families.--[[User:Yang Kun|Yang Kun]] ([[User talk:Yang Kun|talk]]) 14:18, 18 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨堃 Yáng Kūn 法语语言文学 女 202120081542==&lt;br /&gt;
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茶未吃了，只见一个穿红绫袄、青绸掐牙背心的一个丫鬟走来笑道：“太太说，请林姑娘到那边坐罢。”老嬷嬷听了，于是又引黛玉出来，到了东廊三间小正房内。&lt;br /&gt;
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Before the tea was drunk, a servant girl wearing a red silk jacket and a green satin vest came up and smiled, &amp;quot;Mrs. Wang invited Miss Lin to come and sit over there.&amp;quot; When the old Mammy heard this, she led Daiyu out again and went to the third small main room on the east porch.--[[User:Yang Kun|Yang Kun]] ([[User talk:Yang Kun|talk]]) 03:33, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Before they drank tea over, a servant girl in a red silk jacket and a green satin vest came up and smiled, &amp;quot;Mrs. Wang invited Miss Lin to come and sit over there.&amp;quot; When the old Mammy heard this, she led Daiyu out again to the third small main room on the east porch.--[[User:Yang Liuqing|Yang Liuqing]] ([[User talk:Yang Liuqing|talk]]) 11:10, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨柳青 Yáng Liǔqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081543==&lt;br /&gt;
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正面炕上横设一张炕桌，上面堆着书籍、茶具；靠东壁面西设着半旧的青缎靠背、引枕。王夫人却坐在西边下首，亦是半旧青缎靠背、坐褥。见黛玉来了，便往东让。&lt;br /&gt;
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On the kang there was a kang table on which books and tea sets piled up. Half new backrests and pillows made of blue satins were set on the east side of the wall. However, Mrs. Wang set at the foot of the west wall where half new backrests and mattresses made of blue satins were displayed. Mrs. Wang moved to the east side when she saw Lin Daiyu come in.--[[User:Yang Liuqing|Yang Liuqing]] ([[User talk:Yang Liuqing|talk]]) 11:11, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==叶维杰 Yè Wéijié 国别 男 202120081544==&lt;br /&gt;
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黛玉心中料定这是贾政之位。因见挨炕一溜三张椅子上也搭着半旧的弹花椅袱，黛玉便向椅上坐了。王夫人再三让他上炕，他方挨王夫人坐下。王夫人因说：“你舅舅今日斋戒去了，再见罢。&lt;br /&gt;
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==易扬帆 Yì Yángfān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081545==&lt;br /&gt;
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只是有句话嘱咐你：你三个姐妹倒都极好，以后一处念书认字，学针线，或偶一玩笑，却都有个尽让的。我就只一件不放心：我有一个孽根祸胎，是家里的混世魔王，今日因往庙里还愿去，尚未回来，晚上你看见就知道了。&lt;br /&gt;
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I just have one thing to tell you: your three sisters are all very good, and in the future they will study and learn to read and write together, and learn to sew, or occasionally play jokes, but all of them will do their best. There is only one thing I am not sure about: I have a sinful child who is the evil one in my family, and he has not returned yet because he has gone to the temple to pay his respects.--[[User:Yi Yangfan|Yi Yangfan]] ([[User talk:Yi Yangfan|talk]]) 02:19, 13 December 2021 (UTC)Yi Yangfan&lt;br /&gt;
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I just want to remind you: your sisters are very kind , and in the future you will study together, and learn to read and write and learn to sew. Sometimes you will play jokes at each other, but you will be very tolerant to each other. There is only one thing I am worried about: there is a naughty boy in our family, and he has not returned yet because he has gone to the temple to redeem his wishes, you will see him in the evening.--[[User:Yin Huizhen|Yin Huizhen]] ([[User talk:Yin Huizhen|talk]]) 07:45, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷慧珍 Yīn Huìzhēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081546==&lt;br /&gt;
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你以后总不用理会他，你这些姐姐妹妹都不敢沾惹他的。”黛玉素闻母亲说过：“有个内侄，乃衔玉而生，顽劣异常，不喜读书，最喜在内帏厮混。外祖母又溺爱，无人敢管。”&lt;br /&gt;
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“You can ignore him later and none of your sisters dare to bother him. ” Daiyu heard from her mother: “I have a nephew, who was born with jade in his mouth. He is very naughty and don’t like to read, but prefer to play with girls. His grandma has always spoiled him so that everyone let him be. ”--[[User:Yin Huizhen|Yin Huizhen]] ([[User talk:Yin Huizhen|talk]]) 07:27, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷美达 Yīn Měidá 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081547==&lt;br /&gt;
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今见王夫人所说，便知是这位表兄。一面陪笑道：“舅母所说，可是衔玉而生的？在家时，记得母亲常说：这位哥哥比我大一岁，小名就叫宝玉，性虽憨顽，说待姊妹们却是极好的。&lt;br /&gt;
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What Lady King described today is the cousin for sure. Mascara Jade said while smiling:&amp;quot; Is the person you just mentioned my cousin born with a jade? I remember when I was at home my mother often said that the cousin nicknamed Precious Jade is one year older than me. Although he is a little mischievous, he is very friendly with his sisters&amp;quot;.--[[User:Yin Meida|Yin Meida]] ([[User talk:Yin Meida|talk]]) 14:27, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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What Lady King described today is the cousin for sure. Mascara Jade said while smiling:&amp;quot; Is the person you just mentioned my cousin born with a jade? I remember when I was at home my mother often said that the cousin nicknamed Precious Jade is one year older than me. Although he is a little mischievous, he is very friendly with his sisters&amp;quot;.--[[User:Yin Yuan|Yin Yuan]] ([[User talk:Yin Yuan|talk]]) 12:06, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==尹媛 Yǐn Yuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081548==&lt;br /&gt;
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况我来了，自然和姊妹们一处，弟兄们是另院别房，岂有沾惹之理？”王夫人笑道：“你不知道原故。他和别人不同，自幼因老太太疼爱，原系和姐妹们一处娇养惯了的。&lt;br /&gt;
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Now I come here,undoubtfully I live with my sisters. The brothers are in some different houses. Is there any reason to mess with them?&amp;quot; Lady King smiled and said, &amp;quot;You don't know. Unlike the others, he had been coddled by his sisters since he was young for the love of Grandma Merchant.--[[User:Yin Yuan|Yin Yuan]] ([[User talk:Yin Yuan|talk]]) 15:30, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Now I come here,undoubtfully I live with my sisters. The brothers are in some different houses. Is there any reason to mess with them?&amp;quot; Lady King smiled and said, &amp;quot;You don't know the reason. Unlike others, he had been coddled by his sisters since he was young for the love of Grandma Merchant.--[[User:Zhan Ruoxuan|Zhan Ruoxuan]] ([[User talk:Zhan Ruoxuan|talk]]) 03:20, 15 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==詹若萱 Zhān Ruòxuān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081549==&lt;br /&gt;
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若姐妹们不理他，他倒还安静些；若一日姐妹们和他多说了一句话，他心上一喜，便生出许多事来：所以嘱咐你别理会他。他嘴里一时甜言蜜语，一时有天没日，疯疯傻傻，只休信他。”黛玉一一的都答应着。&lt;br /&gt;
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“If the sisters ignore him, he is a bit quieter: if one day the sisters talk to him more, he is so happy that he will stir up many troubles: so I tell you to ignore him. He may talk sweetly for a while, and he may be crazy and silly for a while, just don't believe him.” Daiyu replied one by one.--[[User:Zhan Ruoxuan|Zhan Ruoxuan]] ([[User talk:Zhan Ruoxuan|talk]]) 08:45, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
If the sisters ignore him, he will be quiet; if one day they talk to him more, he will be happy, and many things will happen: so I tell you to ignore him. His mouth a sweet talk, a moment there is no day, crazy and silly, just do not believe him. Daiyu agreed one by one.--[[User:Zhang Qiuyi|Zhang Qiuyi]] ([[User talk:Zhang Qiuyi|talk]]) 12:06, 19 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张秋怡 Zhāng Qiūyí 亚非语言文学 女 202120081550==&lt;br /&gt;
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忽见一个丫鬟来说：“老太太那里传晚饭了。”王夫人忙携了黛玉，出后房门，由后廊往西，出了角门，是一条南北甬路，南边是倒座三间小小抱厦厅，北边立着一个粉油大影壁，后有一个半大门，小小一所房屋。&lt;br /&gt;
Suddenly see a servant girl to say: &amp;quot;old lady there spread supper.&amp;quot; Lady Wang and Daiyu went out of the back door, leading from the back corridor to the west and out of the corner gate. There was a north-south corridor, with three small rooms in the south, a big screen wall of powder and oil in the north, and a small house with a half gate behind.--[[User:Zhang Qiuyi|Zhang Qiuyi]] ([[User talk:Zhang Qiuyi|talk]]) 13:53, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Suddenly a servant girl said, &amp;quot;the old lady has passed on dinner.&amp;quot; Lady King hurriedly took Mascara Jade Pearl out of the back door, from the back porch to the west, out of the corner door. It is a North-South corridor. In the south is the inverted three small balcony halls. In the north is a oil-powdered large shadow wall, followed by a half gate and a small house.--[[User:Zhang Yang|Zhang Yang]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yang|talk]]) 12:28, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张扬 Zhāng Yáng 国别 男 202120081551==&lt;br /&gt;
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王夫人笑指向黛玉道：“这是你凤姐姐的屋子。回来你好往这里找他去，少什么东西，只管和他说就是了。”这院门上也有几个才总角的小厮，都垂手侍立。王夫人遂携黛玉穿过一个东西穿堂，便是贾母的后院了。&lt;br /&gt;
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Lady King smiled at Mascara Jade Pearl and said: &amp;quot;This is your sister Phoenix's house. If you come back, you can find her here. And if there's anything missing, just tell her.&amp;quot; On the gate of the courtyard, there were also several young boys who were only in their childhood, all standing with their hands down. Lady King then took Mascara Jade Pearl through an east-west hall, which was Grandma Merchant's backyard.--[[User:Zhang Yang|Zhang Yang]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yang|talk]]) 07:30, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Lady King smiled at Mascara Jade Pearl and said: &amp;quot;This is your sister Phoenix's house. If you come back, you can find her here. And if there's anything missing, just tell her.&amp;quot; On the gate of the courtyard,there were also a few young boys on the door of this courtyard, all standing with their hands down.. Lady King then took Mascara Jade Pearl through an east-west hall, which was Grandma Merchant's backyard.&lt;br /&gt;
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==张怡然 Zhāng Yírán 俄语语言文学 女 202120081552==&lt;br /&gt;
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于是进入后房门，已有许多人在此伺候，见王夫人来，方安设桌椅；贾珠之妻李氏捧杯，熙凤安箸，王夫人进羹。贾母正面榻上独坐，两旁四张空椅。熙凤忙拉黛玉在左边第一张椅子上坐下，黛玉十分推让。&lt;br /&gt;
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So they entered the back room, where many people were already waiting, and when they saw  Lady King coming, they placed the table and chairs; Li, wife of Treasure Merchant, held the cup,  Lady King placed the chopsticks, and Splendid Phoenix King drank the soup. Grandma Merchant was sitting alone on a couch, flanked by four empty chairs. Splendid Phoenix King was busy pulling Mascara Jade Forest to sit in the first chair on the left, but Mascara Jade Forest was too embarrassed to sit.--[[User:Zhang Yiran|Zhang Yiran]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yiran|talk]]) 00:57, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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So they entered the back room, where many people were already waiting, and when they saw  Lady King coming, they placed the table and chairs; Li, wife of Treasure Merchant, held the cup,  Lady King placed the chopsticks, and Splendid Phoenix King drank the soup. Grandma Merchant was sitting alone on a couch, flanked by four empty chairs. Splendid Phoenix King was busy pulling Mascara Jade Forest to sit in the first chair on the left, but Mascara Jade Forest was too embarrassed to sit.--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 03:42, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟义菲 Zhōng Yìfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081553==&lt;br /&gt;
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贾母笑道：“你舅母和嫂子们是不在这里吃饭的。你是客，原该这么坐。”黛玉方告了坐，就坐了。贾母命王夫人也坐了。迎春姊妹三个告了坐，方上来：迎春坐右手第一，探春左第二，惜春右第二。&lt;br /&gt;
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Mrs. Jia said with a smile, &amp;quot;your aunt and sister-in-law don't eat here. You are a guest. You should have sat here.&amp;quot; Daiyu then sat down. Jia Mu ordered Mrs. Wang to sit down. The three sisters of Yingchun sat down：Yingchun sat first on the right hand, Tanchun second on the left, and Xi Chun second on the right.--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 10:36, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Mrs. Jia said with a smile, &amp;quot;your aunts and sisters-in-law don't eat here. You are a guest. You should have sat here.&amp;quot; Daiyu then sat down. Mrs. Jia ordered Mrs. Wang to sit down. The three sisters of Yingchun were asked to sit down: Yingchun sat first on the right hand, Tanchun second on the left, and Xi Chun second on the right.--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 02:02, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟雨露 Zhōng Yǔlù 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081554==&lt;br /&gt;
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旁边丫鬟执着拂尘、漱盂、巾帕，李纨、凤姐立于案边布让；外间伺候的媳妇、丫鬟虽多，却连一声咳嗽不闻。饭毕，各各有丫鬟用小茶盘捧上茶来。当日林家教女以惜福养身，每饭后必过片时方吃茶，不伤脾胃；&lt;br /&gt;
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Standing at the table, the servant girls held the horsetail whisks, vessels for mouthwash and handkerchiefs. Li Wan and Wang Xifeng sent dishes, refreshments to guests and invited them to eat. Though there were many servant girls in the outer room, they could not be heard to utter a sound. When the meal was over, each servant girl brought tea with a small tray. The daughter of Lin Ruhai, Lin Daiyu took tea after each meal to keep health and not hurt her spleen and stomach.--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 01:55, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The servant girls are standing at the table with the horsetail whisks, vessels for mouthwash and handkerchiefs. Li Wan and Wang Xifeng sent dishes, refreshments to guests and invited them to eat. Though there were many servant girls in the outer room, they could not be heard to utter a sound. When the meal was over, each servant girl brought tea with a small tray. The daughter of Lin Ruhai, Lin Daiyu took tea after each meal to keep health and not hurt her spleen and stomach.--[[User:Zhou Jiu|Zhou Jiu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Jiu|talk]]) 09:23, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周玖 Zhōu Jiǔ 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081555==&lt;br /&gt;
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今黛玉见了这里许多规矩不似家中，也只得随和些。接了茶，又有人捧过漱盂来，黛玉也漱了口，又盥手毕。然后又捧上茶来，这方是吃的茶。贾母便说：“你们去罢，让我们自在说说话儿。”&lt;br /&gt;
Now Daiyu saw many rules here are not like the rules of her home. She was also easy-going. After receiving the tea, someone else took a gargle bowl for her. Daiyu also rinsed her mouth and finished washing her hands again. Then tea which was for drinking was brought in. Then Mother Jia said to servants , &amp;quot;You all go and let's have a talk in our own comfort.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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Now Daiyu saw many rules here are not like the rules of her home.  She can only be easygoing. She caught the teacup. Some domestics came over with a mouthwash basin. Daiyu gargled and washed her hands. Then the servant brought back tea, and this was tea for drinking.Then Grandma Merchant said to servant, &amp;quot;You all go and let's have a talk in our own comfort.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 10:47, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==周俊辉 Zhōu Jùnhuī 法语语言文学 女 202120081556==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
王夫人遂起身，又说了两句闲话儿，方引李、凤二人去了。贾母因问黛玉念何书，黛玉道：“刚念了《四书》。”黛玉又问姊妹读何书，贾母道：“读什么书，不过认几个字罢了。”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lady Wang stood up and said something idle, then led Lady Li and Splendid Phoenix King to leave. When Grandma Merchant asked Daiyu what books she had read, Daiyu replied, &amp;quot;I just have read the ''Four Books''.&amp;quot; When Daiyu asked her sisters what books they read, Grandma Merchant said, &amp;quot;They don't read anything. They only know a few words.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 09:25, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
Madame Wang rose as soon as she heard these words, and having made a few irrelevant remarks, she led the way and left the room along with the two ladies, Mrs. Li and lady Feng.Dowager lady Chia, having inquired of Tai-yue what books she was reading, &amp;quot;I have just begun reading the Four Books,&amp;quot; Tai-yue replied. &amp;quot;What books are my cousins reading?&amp;quot; Tai-yue went on to ask. &amp;quot;Books, you say!&amp;quot; exclaimed dowager lady Chia; &amp;quot;why all they know are a few characters, that's all.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zhou Qiao1|Zhou Qiao1]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qiao1|talk]]) 13:15, 15 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==周巧 Zhōu Qiǎo 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081557==&lt;br /&gt;
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一语未了，只听外面一阵脚步响，丫鬟进来报道：“宝玉来了。”黛玉心想：“这个宝玉，不知是怎样个惫懒人呢。”及至进来一看，却是位青年公子：头上戴着束发嵌宝紫金冠，齐眉勒着二龙戏珠金抹额；&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The sentence was barely out of her lips, when a continuous sounding of footsteps&lt;br /&gt;
was heard outside, and a waiting maid entered and announced that Pao-yue was&lt;br /&gt;
coming. Tai-yue was speculating in her mind how it was that this Pao-yue had&lt;br /&gt;
turned out such a good-for-nothing fellow, when he happened to walk in.&lt;br /&gt;
He was, in fact, a young man of tender years, wearing on his head, to hold his&lt;br /&gt;
hair together, a cap of gold of purplish tinge, inlaid with precious gems.&lt;br /&gt;
Parallel with his eyebrows was attached a circlet, embroidered with gold, and&lt;br /&gt;
representing two dragons snatching a pearl.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Zhou Qiao1|Zhou Qiao1]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qiao1|talk]]) 08:36, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After a word, only a sound of footsteps outside, the maid came in and reported: &amp;quot;Baoyu is here.&amp;quot; Daiyu thought to herself: &amp;quot;This Baoyu, I don't know what a tired lazy person.&amp;quot; When she came in, she was a young man. He wears a purple and gold crown with hair inlaid on his head, and his forehead are tied with gold frontlet（The shape is two dragons playing with pearled）.--[[User:Zhou Qing|Zhou Qing]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qing|talk]]) 15:21, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==周清 Zhōu Qīng 法语语言文学 女 202120081558==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
一件二色金百蝶穿花大红箭袖，束着五彩丝攒花结长穗宫绦，外罩石青起花八团倭缎排穗褂；登着青缎粉底小朝靴。面若中秋之月，色如春晓之花；鬓若刀裁，眉如墨画，鼻如悬胆，睛若秋波。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A big red arrow sleeve decorated with two-color golden butterfly flowers, is tied with multicolored silk and knotted with long spikes, and is covered with azurite and satin rowed gowns; it wears small green satin and powder-soled boots. The face is as round and beautiful as the moon of Mid-Autumn Festival, the complexion is like a flower of spring dawn; the temples are like a knife cut, the eyebrows are like ink painting, the nose is like a hanging gall, and the eyes are like autumn waves.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A big red arrow sleeve decorated with two-color golden butterfly flowers, is tied with multicolored silk and knotted with long spikes, and is covered with azurite and satin rowed gowns; he wore small green satin and powder-soled boots. The face is as round and beautiful as the moon at mid-autumn, the complexion is like a flower of in spring; the temples as if chiselled with a knife, the eyebrows are like ink painting, the nose is like a a well-cut and shapely nose, and the eyes are like vernal waves.--[[User:Zhou Xiaoxue|Zhou Xiaoxue]] ([[User talk:Zhou Xiaoxue|talk]]) 06:19, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==周小雪 Zhōu Xiǎoxuě 日语语言文学 女 202120081559==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
虽怒时而似笑，即嗔视而有情。项上金螭缨络，又有一根五色丝绦，系着一块美玉。黛玉一见，便吃一大惊，心中想道：“好生奇怪：倒像在那里见过的，何等眼熟！”只见这宝玉向贾母请了安，贾母便命：“去见你娘来。”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
His angry look even resembled a smile; his glance was full of sentiment.Round his neck he had a gold dragon necklet with a fringe; also a cord of variegated silk, to which was attached a piece of beautiful jade. When Daiyu saw this, she was shocked.&amp;quot;How very strange.&amp;quot; she was reflecting in her mind; &amp;quot;it would seem as if I had seen him somewhere or other, for his face appears extremely familiar to my eyes;&amp;quot; Baoyu greeted Lady Dowager &amp;quot;Go and see your mother and then come back,&amp;quot; remarked her venerable ladyship.--[[User:Zhou Xiaoxue|Zhou Xiaoxue]] ([[User talk:Zhou Xiaoxue|talk]]) 06:08, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
His angry look somentimes even resembled a smile; his glance was full of sentiment.Round his neck he had a gold dragon necklet with a fringe; also a cord of silk of five colours, to which was attached a piece of beautiful jade. When Daiyu saw this, she was shocked and thought to herself: &amp;quot;How strange it is.&amp;quot; she was reflecting in her mind; &amp;quot;as if I had seen him somewhere or other, for his face appears extremely familiar to my eyes;&amp;quot; Baoyu greeted Lady Dowager &amp;quot;Go and see your mother and then come back.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zhu Suzhen|Zhu Suzhen]] ([[User talk:Zhu Suzhen|talk]]) 11:46, 16 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==朱素珍 Zhū Sùzhēn 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081561==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
即转身去了。一会再来时已换了冠带：头上周围一转的短发都结成小辫，红丝结束，共攒至顶中胎发，总编一根大辫，黑亮如漆，从顶至梢，一串四颗大珠，用金八宝坠脚；身上穿着银红撒花半旧大袄；仍旧带着项圈、宝玉、寄名锁、护身符等物；&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Then turned around and went. He has changed the crown band when coming back for a while: the short hair around the head is braided, the red silk ends, and the hair is gathered up to the top of the fetus. The chief editor is a big braid, black and shiny, from top to tip , A string of four large beads, with gold eight treasures falling to the feet; wearing a silver-red half-old coat with flowers; still wearing collars, gems, locks, amulets, etc.;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He turned away. When he came back later, he had changed his crown belt: the short hair around his head was braided, and the red silk ended. He saved up to the top and middle fetal hair. The chief editor had a big braid, black and bright as paint, a string of four big beads from the top to the tip, and dropped his feet with gold eight treasures; He was wearing a silver red flower sprinkled semi-old coat; Still wearing collars, precious jade, name sending locks, amulets, etc--[[User:Zou Yueli|Zou Yueli]] ([[User talk:Zou Yueli|talk]]) 12:56, 16 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==邹岳丽 Zōu Yuèlí 日语语言文学 女 202120081562==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
下面半露松绿撒花绫裤，锦边弹墨袜，厚底大红鞋。越显得面如傅粉，唇若施脂；转盼多情，语言若笑。天然一段风韵，全在眉梢；平生万种情思，悉堆眼角。看其外貌，最是极好，却难知其底细。&lt;br /&gt;
His lower body showed loose green flower pants, cotton socks and a pair of thick soled red shoes. This makes him look more beautiful. The lips seem to have been powdered with rouge; When he speaks, he often has a smile on his face, and his eyebrows can convey affection. A person's style and temperament, including what he thinks, can be conveyed through his eyes. His appearance is very good-looking, but I don't know whether he has real connotation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Nadia 202011080004==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
后人有《西江月》二词批的极确，词曰：&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Mahzad Heydarian 玛莎 202021080004==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
无故寻愁觅恨，有时似傻如狂。&lt;br /&gt;
Seeking sorrow and hate for no reason, sometimes seems stupid and crazy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Mariam toure 2020GBJ002301==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
纵然生得好皮囊，腹内原来草莽。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Rouabah Soumaya 202121080001==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
潦倒不通庶务，愚顽怕读文章。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I'm not able to get through general affairs, and I'm afraid of reading articles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Muhammad Numan 202121080002==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
行为偏僻性乖张，那管世人诽谤。&lt;br /&gt;
He who behaves in a perverse way has no control over the slander of course.--[[User:Atta Ur Rahman|Atta Ur Rahman]] ([[User talk:Atta Ur Rahman|talk]]) 03:29, 14 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Atta Ur Rahman 202121080003==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
又曰：富贵不知乐业，贫穷难耐凄凉。&lt;br /&gt;
It is also known that wealth does not know pleasure and happiness, and poverty cannot endure loneliness.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Muhammad Saqib Mehran 202121080004==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
可怜辜负好时光，于国于家无望。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Zohaib Chand 202121080005==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
天下无能第一，古今不肖无双。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Jawad Ahmad 202121080006==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
寄言纨袴与膏粱，莫效此儿形状。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
English; the author is to give some suggestion to playboys of high official that they do not follow the example of Jia Baoyu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Nizam Uddin 202121080007==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
却说贾母见他进来，笑道：“外客没见就脱了衣裳了，还不去见你妹妹呢。”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Öncü 202121080008==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
宝玉早已看见了一个袅袅婷婷的女儿，便料定是林姑妈之女，忙来见礼。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Baoyu had already seen a daughter with a gentle posture, thought might be the daughter of Aunt Lin, then hurried to meet her.--[[User:AkiraJantarat|AkiraJantarat]] ([[User talk:AkiraJantarat|talk]]) 04:17, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Akira Jantarat 202121080009==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
归了坐细看时，真是与众各别。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When I look at you carefully, I think you are different.--[[User:AkiraJantarat|AkiraJantarat]] ([[User talk:AkiraJantarat|talk]]) 09:59, 13 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When I returned to take a closer look, it was really different. --[[User:Benjamin Wellsand|Benjamin Wellsand]] ([[User talk:Benjamin Wellsand|talk]]) 07:41, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Benjamin Wellsand 202111080118==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
只见：两弯似蹙非蹙笼烟眉，一双似喜非喜含情目。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I saw two bends like the frowning of smoked eyebrows, at first they seemed happy but not really happy, yet affectionate eyebrows. --[[User:Benjamin Wellsand|Benjamin Wellsand]] ([[User talk:Benjamin Wellsand|talk]]) 07:41, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I saw: two curved eyebrows that looked like a frown, a pair of eyebrows that seemed to be happy or not. --[[User:Asep Budiman|Asep Budiman]] ([[User talk:Asep Budiman|talk]]) 23:18, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Asep Budiman 202111080020==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
态生两靥之愁，娇袭一身之病。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The sorrow of the two distresses, the disease of the whole body. --[[User:Asep Budiman|Asep Budiman]] ([[User talk:Asep Budiman|talk]]) 23:17, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The sorrow of two distresses, spoiled - the disease of the whole body.------Ei Mon Kyaw [[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 09:15, 15 December 2021 (UTC)--[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 09:15, 15 December 2021 (UTC)Ei Mon Kyaw&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Ei Mon Kyaw 202111080021==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
泪光点点，娇喘微微。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tears shone a little, and she breathed slightly.--[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 09:47, 15 December 2021 (UTC)Ei Mon Kyaw  -----Ei Mon Kyaw[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 09:47, 15 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
The tears droped, and she breathed slowly. --[[User:Mahzad Heydarian|Mahzad Heydarian]] ([[User talk:Mahzad Heydarian|talk]]) 11:58, 15 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_Trans_EN_9&amp;diff=133419</id>
		<title>Machine Trans EN 9</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_Trans_EN_9&amp;diff=133419"/>
		<updated>2021-12-15T12:24:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
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30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''谢佳芬 Xie Jiafen Hunan Normal University, China’''&lt;br /&gt;
'''9 谢佳芬 Machine Translation and Artificial Translation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译’’’&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
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===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of information technology, many industries are facing the competitive pressure of artificial intelligence, and so is the field of translation. Artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and combined with the field of translation，which has brought great impact and changes to traditional translation, but artificial intelligence translation and artificial translation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Artificial translation is in the leading position in adapting to human language logical habits and understanding characteristics, but in terms of translation threshold and economic value, the efficiency of artificial intelligence translation is even better. In a word, we need to know that machine translation and human translation are complementary rather than antagonistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Artificial Translation; Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
伴随着信息技术的不断发展，多个行业面临着人工智能的竞争压力，翻译领域也是如此。人工智能技术快速发展并与翻译领域结合，人工智能翻译给传统翻译带来了巨大的冲击和变革，但人工智能翻译与人工翻译存在着各自的优劣特点和发展空间，在适应人类语言逻辑习惯和理解特点的翻译效果上，人工翻译处于领先地位，但在翻译门槛和经济价值上，人工智能翻译的效率则更胜一筹。总的来说，我们要知道机器翻译与人工翻译是互补而非对立的关系。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译;人工翻译;人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
====1.1 The History of Machine Translation Aborad====&lt;br /&gt;
The research history of machine translation can be traced back to the 1930s and 1940s. In the early 1930s, the French scientist G.B. Alchuni put forward the idea of using machines for translation. In 1933, the Soviet inventor Troyansky designed a machine to translate one language into another.(Fan Yuxiao 2021:179)In 1946, the world's first modern electronic computer ENIAC was born. Soon after, American scientist Warren Weaver, a pioneer of information theory, put forward the idea of automatic language translation by computer in 1947. In 1949, Warren Weaver published a memorandum entitled Translation, which formally raised the issue of machine translation. In 1954, Georgetown University, with the cooperation of IBM, completed the English-Russian machine translation experiment with IBM-701 computer for the first time, which opened the prelude of machine translation research. (Dai Weichang 1994:2)In 2006, Google translation was officially released as a free service software, bringing a big upsurge of statistical machine translation research. It was Franz Och who joined Google in 2004 and led Google translation. What’s more, it is precisely because of the unremitting efforts of generations of scientists that science fiction has been brought into reality step by step.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2 The History of Machine Translation in China====&lt;br /&gt;
In 1956, the research and development of machine translation has been named in the scientific and technological work and made little achievements in China. On the eve of the tenth anniversary of the National Day in 1959, our country successfully carried out experiments, which translated nine different types of complicated sentences on large general-purpose electronic computers. The dictionary includes 2030 entries, and the grammar rule system consists of 29 circuit diagrams. (Liu Yongquan 1984:63) After a period of stagnation, China's machine translation ushered in a high-speed development stage after the 1980s in the wave of the third scientific and technological revolution. With the rapid development of economy and science and technology, China has made a qualitative leap in the field of machine translation research with the pace of reform and opening up. In 1978, Institute of Scientific and Technological Information of China, Institute of Computing Technology and Institute of Linguistics carried out an English-Chinese translation experiment with 20 Metallurgical Title examples as the objects and achieved satisfactory results. Subsequently, they developed a JYE-I machine translation system, which based on 200 sentences from metallurgical documents. Its principles and methods were also widely used in the machine translation system developed in the future. In addition, the research achievements of machine translation in China during the 1980s and 1990s also include that Institute of Post and Telecommunication Sciences developed a machine translation system, C Retrieval and automatic typesetting system with good performance and strong practicability in October 1986; In 1988, ISTC launched the ISTIC-I English-Chinese Title System for the translation of applied literature of metallurgy, Information Research Institute of Railway developed an English-Chinese Title Recording machine translation system for railway documents; the Language Institute of the Academy of Social Sciences developed &amp;quot;Tianyu&amp;quot; English-Chinese machine translation system and Matr English-Chinese machine translation system developed by the computer department of National University of Defense Technology. After many explorations and studies, machine translation in China has gradually moved towards application, popularization and commercialization. China Software Technology Corporation launched &amp;quot;Yixing I&amp;quot; in 1988, marking China's machine translation system officially going to the market. After &amp;quot;Yixing&amp;quot;, a series of machine translation systems such as Gaoli system in Beijing, Tongyi system in Tianjin and Langwei system in Shaanxi have also entered the public. In the 21st century, the development of a series of apps such as Kingsoft Powerword, Youdao translation and Baidu translation has greatly met the needs of ordinary users for translation. According to the working principle, machine translation has roughly experienced three stages: rule-based machine translation, statistics-based machine translation and deep learning based neural machine translation. (Li Li 2020:276)These three stages witnessed a leap in the quality of machine translation. Machine translation is more and more used in daily life and even the translation of some texts is almost comparable to artificial translation. In addition to text translation, voice translation, photo translation and other functions have also been listed, which provides great convenience for people's life. It is undeniable that machine translation has become the development trend of translation in the future.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.3 The Status Quo of Machine Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
In this big data era of information explosion, the prospect of machine translation is also bright. At present, the circular neural network system launched by Google has supported universal translation in more than 60 languages. Many Internet companies such as Microsoft Bing, Sogou, Tencent, Baidu and NetEase Youdao have also launched their own Internet free machine translation systems.(Liu Qun 2012:48) Users can obtain translation results free of charge by logging in to the corresponding websites. At present, the circular neural network translation system launched by Google can support real-time translation of more than 60 languages, and the domestic Baidu online machine translation system can also support real-time translation of 28 languages. These Internet online machine translation systems are suitable for a variety of terminal platforms such as mobile phone, PC, tablet and web and its functions are also quite diverse, supporting many translation forms, such as screen word selection, text scanning translation, photo translation, offline translation, web page translation and so on. Although its translation quality needs to be improved, it has been outstanding in the fields of daily dialogue, news translation and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
Generally speaking, machine translation has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, accurate term translation and great development potential and etc. Machine translation is fast and efficient, this is something that artificial translation can’t catch up with. In addition, with the continuous emergence of all kinds of translation software in the market, compared with artificial translation, machine translation is cheap and sometimes even free, which greatly saves the economic cost and time for users with low translation quality requirements. What's more, compared with artificial translation, machine translation has a huge corpus, which makes the translation of some terms, especially the latest scientific and technological terms, more rapid and accurate. The accurate translation of these terms requires the translator to constantly learn, but learning needs a process, which has a certain test on the translator's learning ability and learning speed. In this regard, artificial translation has uncertainty and hysteretic nature. At the same time, with the progress of science and technology and the development of society, the function of machine translation will be more perfect and the quality of translation will be better.Today's machine translation tools and software are easy to carry, all you need to do is just to use the software and electronic dictionary in the mobile phone. There is no need to carry paper dictionaries and books for translation, which saves time and space. At the same time, machine translation covers many fields and is suitable for translation practice in different situations, such as academic, education, commercial trade, social networking, tourism, production technology, etc, it is also easy to deal with various professional terms. However, due to the limitation of translators' own knowledge, artificial translation is often limited to one or a few fields or industries. For example, it is difficult for an interpreter specializing in medical English to translate legal English.&lt;br /&gt;
At the same time, machine translation also has its limitations. At first, machine can only operate word to word translation, which only plays the function and role of dictionary. Then, the application of syntax enables the process of sentence translation and it can be solved by using the direct translation method. When the original text and the target language are highly similar, it can be translated directly. For example, the original text &amp;quot;他是个老师.&amp;quot; The target language is &amp;quot;he is a teacher &amp;quot;. With the increase of the structural complexity of the original text, the effect of machine translation is greatly reduced. Therefore, at the syntactic level, machine translation still stays in sentences with relatively simple structure. Meanwhile, the original text and the results of machine translation cannot be interchanged equally, indicating that English-Chinese translation has strong randomness, and is not rigorous and scientific enough. &lt;br /&gt;
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Nowadays, machine translation is highly dependent on parallel corpora, but the construction of parallel corpora is not perfect. At present, the resources of some mainstream languages such as Chinese and English are relatively rich, while the data collection of many small languages is not satisfactory. Moreover, the current corpus is mainly concentrated in the fields of government literature, science and technology, current affairs and news, while there is a serious lack of data in other fields, which can’t reflect the advantages of machine translation. At the same time, corpus construction lags behind. Some informative texts introducing the latest cutting-edge research results often spread the latest academic knowledge and use a large number of new professional terms, such as academic papers and teaching materials while the corpus often lacks the corresponding words of the target language, which makes machine translation powerless&lt;br /&gt;
Besides, machine translation is not culturally sensitive. Human may never be able to program machines to understand and experience a particular culture. Different cultures have unique and different language systems, and machines do not have complexity to understand or recognize slang, jargon, puns and idioms. Therefore, their translation may not conform to cultural values and specific norms. This is also one of the challenges that the machine needs to overcome.(Jin Wenlu 2019:282)Artificial intelligence may have human abstract thinking ability in the future, but it is difficult to have image thinking ability including imagination and emotion.(Hu Kaibao, Li Yi: 2016:11) Therefore, machine translation is often used in news, science and technology, patents, specifications and other text fields with the purpose of fact description, knowledge and information transmission. These words rarely involve emotional and cultural background. When translating expressive texts, the limitations of machine translation are exposed. The so-called expressive text refers to the text that pays attention to emotional expression and is full of imagination. Its main characteristics are subjectivity, emotion and imagination, such as novels, poetry, prose, art and so on. This kind of text attaches importance to the emotional expression of the author or character image, and uses a lot of metaphors, symbols and other expressions. Machine translation is difficult to catch up with artificial translation in this kind of text, it can only translate the main idea, lack of connotation and literary grace and it cannot have subjective feelings and rational analysis like human beings. In fact, it is not difficult to simulate the human brain, the difficulty is that it is impossible to learn from the rich social experience and life experience of excellent translators. In other words, machine translation lacks the personalization and creativity of human translation. It is this personalization and creativity that promote the development and evolution of language, and what machine translation can only output is mechanical &amp;quot;machine language&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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===3.The Irreplaceability of Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
====3.1 Translation is Constrained by Context====&lt;br /&gt;
At present, machine translation can help people deal with language communication in people's daily life and work, such as clothing, food, housing and transportation, but there is a big gap from the &amp;quot;faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance&amp;quot; emphasized by high-level translation. Language itself is art，which pays more attention to artistry than functionality, and the discipline of art is difficult to quantify and unify. Sometimes it is regular, rigorous, logical and clear, and sometimes it is random, free and logical. If it is translated by machine, it is difficult to grasp this degree. Sometimes, machine translation cannot connect words with contextual meaning. In many languages, the same word may have multiple completely unrelated meanings. In this case, context will have a great impact on word meaning, and the understanding of word meaning depends largely on the meaning read from context. Only human beings can combine words with context, determine their true meaning, and creatively adjust and modify the language to obtain a complete and accurate translation. This is undoubtedly very difficult for machine translation. Artificial translation can get rid of the constraints of the source language and translate the translation in line with the grammar, sentence patterns and word habits of the target language. In the process of translation, translators can use their own knowledge reserves to analyze the differences between the source language and the target language in thinking mode, cultural characteristics, social background, customs and habits, so as to translate a more accurate translation. Artificial translation can also add, delete, domesticate, modify and polish the translation according to the style, make up for the lack of culture, try to maintain the thought, artistic conception and charm of the original text and the style of the source language. In addition, translators can also judge and consider the words with multiple meanings or easy to produce ambiguity according to the context, so as to make the translation more clear and more accurate and improve the quality of the translation.&lt;br /&gt;
====3.2 Literary Translation is Inseparable from Human Participation====&lt;br /&gt;
Literary works express human rich thoughts and emotions, which contain profound cultural connotation. Only by clarifying the cultural background of the work and guessing the emotion expressed in the work can the translator feel it. However, the machine itself has neither emotion nor humanistic feelings, so how can it make a translation with human emotion. Although machine translation in the era of artificial intelligence has made great progress and can help people deal with some translation work, it is still difficult to reach the high standard and realm of translation. However, the current machine translation can’t take into account the cultural differences and language habits between the two languages. The translated literary works are difficult to understand or even twist its original meaning. While a good translator not only master the cultural background knowledge of the source language and the target language, also the translator can take into account the differences between the two languages and cultures, feel the emotions contained in the works, figure out the ideas the author wants to express, so as to translate more authentic works.&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Future Development Trend of Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
====4.1 Deep Integration of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation and artificial translation both complement , improve and develop with each other On the one hand, machine translation has indeed made great progress, brought changes in the field of translation, and saved a lot of time and energy for translators. From artificial intelligence to machine intelligence weak artificial intelligence (ANI) focuses on completing a specific task, such as speech recognition, image recognition and translation, so it is an artificial intelligence that is good at a single aspect. (Wang Huashu 2021:10)Strong artificial intelligence (AGI) is usually able to think, plan, solve problems, abstract thinking, understand complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience. Its system includes learning, language, cognition, reasoning, creation and planning and the goal is to enable artificial intelligence to deal with unprecedented details in the case of unsupervised learning, and carry out interactive learning with human beings at the same time.&lt;br /&gt;
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Driven by artificial intelligence technology, the mode of translation will roughly go through several stages, such as artificial translation, artificial translation with machine assistance, machine translation with artificial assistance, and intelligent machine translation. From traditional translation to machine translation with post-editing mode, from traditional interpretation to machine assisted interpretation, the degree of human-computer interaction is becoming higher and higher. At present, it is changing from artificial translation with machine assistance to machine translation with artificial assistance. In the future, a highly intelligent translation system will automatically connect all the resources required for translation, give full play to the advantages of artificial intelligence, focus the wisdom of translators on more valuable and creative work, and greatly liberate the workload of translation. For example, when doing some simple non-literary translation texts, machine translation can quickly complete a lot of translation work, which is unmatched by artificial translation. On the other hand, although the current machine translation has made a great breakthrough and can carry out some translation work, there are still some translation work that machine translation is not competent, such as literary translation, publishing publications and books, etc. The reason is that the existing technical level has not yet reached the point of replacing artificial translation. Therefore, we should not only improve our translation level, but also keep pace with the times, so as to be more competitive. In short, machine translation is inseparable from artificial translation. Artificial translation also needs the assistance of machine translation and the deep integration of the two will be the general trend. In the process of translation, we can combine the advantages of the two and learn from each other, which can not only improve efficiency, reduce the labor intensity of the translator, but also improve the quality of the translation. However, it is undeniable that in this process, some low-level translators will face the risk of elimination.&lt;br /&gt;
====4.2 Technicalization of Artificial Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Under the guidance of advanced information technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data, the technicalization of artificial translation will become an inevitable trend of artificial translation in the future. First of all, machine translation under artificial intelligence technology has triggered profound changes in the way and content of translation. In this context, translators should not only improve their professional translation ability, but also learn and apply new technologies, so as to be more competitive under the background of artificial intelligence. The current translation market requires translators to use some translation tools, which may be the future development trend. If translators know nothing about new translation technologies, it will be difficult to survive in the technical translation environment. This requires translators to keep pace with the times, learn and master the technical skills related to translation, and apply them to practice. So that when facing different translation scenarios and translation tasks, machine translation and artificial translation can work together. Machine translation will do some simple, basic and repetitive work, so as to save a lot of time and energy for translators to do some more complex work, so that translators can give full play to their advantages in their fields.&lt;br /&gt;
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===5. Discussion on the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
====5.1 Competition====&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous progress of science and technology, machine translation will play a more and more important role. However, the different characteristics of machine translation and artificial translation determine that they will have different markets. Those regular and stylized translation work will be gradually replaced by machine translation, which will occupy a dominant position in the middle and low-end translation market. For example, ordinary texts such as daily communication, instant messaging, e-mail and Wechat do not need very accurate and professional translation, and machine translation is enough to meet their needs. High-end artificial translation talents are still in short supply. For example, political discourse, legal documents and medical documents that require high translation accuracy . Take the political discourse as an example，political discourse often represents the national image and belongs to a very sensitive topic. A slight error will cause irreparable consequences and even affect international relations. For another example, literature, art and other fields with high requirements for imagination and creativity need artificial translation to assume humanistic responsibility while machine translation cannot make a perfect judgment in this regard. In the future, the division of labor between machine translation and artificial translation in the target market will gradually become clear. Machine translation and artificial translation will compete in different positioning markets. Moreover, we can see from the meaning and actual work of machine translation that compared with artificial translation, it is convenient to use, has no location restrictions, switches between multiple languages at any time and supports paragraph translation. As long as there is a network, it can be translated with high convenience and efficiency. Compared with online translation, artificial translation has higher flexibility, stronger pertinence and lower error rate. Taking simultaneous interpretation as an example, simultaneous interpretation is a very difficult interlingual conversion activity strictly limited by time, which requires the interpreter to quickly complete the prediction, understanding, memory and conversion of the source language information in a very short time with the help of the existing subject knowledge while listening to the source language, and to monitor, organize, modify and express the target language. Simultaneous interpretation translators have solid language skills, mature experience of conferences, and master extensive knowledge is an important prerequisite for doing well in simultaneous interpreting. And these are machine translation can’t be completed.&lt;br /&gt;
====5.2 Integration====&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.1 Complementarity Between Simple Translation and Complex Translation=====&lt;br /&gt;
Because machine translation can better translate some simple sentences and paragraphs, which can liberate translators from focusing on simple translation in terms of translation complexity, so that translators can have more time and energy to carry out some more complex translation work, for example, some texts with high national customs, foreign literary works with profound meaning, and texts using special rhetorical skills. In addition, laws and regulations, contracts and other texts have the highest requirements for quality, those texts need translation's standardization and accuracy, so artificial translation is safer. Literary and artistic texts focus on aesthetics and interest, so the style of the translation is pretty significant, which cannot be achieved by machine translation with only rationality and lack of humanistic cultivation. Some texts, such as product specifications, science and technology, economy and trade, news, etc., have moderate requirements for the quality of translation, and can adopt the mode of human-machine cooperation. There are usually two main modes: pre-editing + machine translation + post-editing and machine translation + post-editing. Pre-editing usually involves two parts: format processing and language processing, which refers to the structural modification of the text before machine translation. Its purpose is to reduce semantic ambiguity and make it conform to the logical mode of machine translation, so as to improve the accuracy and readability of the translation and reduce the workload of post-editing. However, no matter how intelligent the machine is and how long the translator spends on pre-editing, a certain proportion of the text that has not been successfully translated, so we still need the post-editing of machine translation. Therefore, it can be seen that machine translation and artificial translation are not antagonistic. The relationship between them should be a clear division of labor and complement each other.&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.2Complementarity Between Old and New Translation Tasks=====&lt;br /&gt;
Because machine translation has certain learning ability in some aspects, for example, based on its self-learning ability of neural network, it can memorize the existing programmatic expressions, terms and paragraphs in its database, and can translate them better and more accurately when it encounters similar sentence patterns next time so as to effectively avoid the problems of inconsistent terminology and inconsistent expression caused by the participation of many people in the translation project. Therefore, machine translation can achieve the purpose of saving translation human resources, so that they can better invest in the research and discussion of the translation of emerging terms or important expressions, and make them have stronger translation behavior.&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.3The Complementarity of Translation Scenarios=====&lt;br /&gt;
Due to its fast and convenient characteristics, machine translation can be better qualified for the application scenarios with loose translation quality and content requirements, such as daily communication, web browsing, information acquisition and so on. At present, the translation software developed in the market has basically changed from translation to faster intelligent voice real-time translation, which is welcomed by the majority of users. For more professional application scenarios, such as high-level meetings, negotiations and litigation, both translators and interpreters need more professional senior translators. For example, in some specific environments, only artificial translation can meet the translation needs, such as the translation of seven national languages in the national two sessions and congress of party representatives. Under these circumstances, only flexible artificial translation can work well. No matter whether the translation of paper documents or simultaneous interpreting at the scene requires professionals with rich experience in party and professional experience, they are determined by the seriousness and particularity of the translation scenario.&lt;br /&gt;
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The rapid development of machine translation has indeed brought convenience to the public and produced certain economic benefits, but we can't exaggerate the effectiveness of machine translation. Some so-called professionals exaggerate the power of technology while ignoring the humanistic side of translation. The reason why translation activities thrive is that different nations and countries need cultural and ideological exchanges. One-sided emphasis on science and technology or humanities is an extreme approach. The correct approach is to integrate science and technology with humanities. We should not only pay attention to the convenience of machine translation technology, but also give full play to the subjectivity of translators. No matter how developed artificial intelligence is, it is only a product developed by human beings, and its ultimate goal is to serve human beings. In the increasingly developed era of informatization and specialization, translation professionals need to embrace new technologies, learn and apply new technologies to improve their professional translation ability with the help of machine translation technology, so as to make translation faster and better. Translation majors are highly practical, practical and professional. It can be predicted that the future manual interpreter should be a combination of bilingual ability and computer software development ability. What's more, translators should learn to use machine translation and strengthen their own translation technology application ability, which is a new model of translation in the future. But at the same time, we should also see that translation is a humanities. The translator is not only a cultural messenger, but also a guardian of language. Translation is not a simple conversion of words and sounds. Its essence is the communication and dissemination of body, mind and thinking between different cultures. The temperature, thickness and purity of human nature in interpersonal and cultural communication, and the skills, creativity and wisdom embodied in human translation are beyond the reach of machine translation. At the same time, the translator is the guardian of language. If thinkers and poets are the guardians of language, a translator with thinking, creativity and artistic sense also undertakes this responsibility. Regarding the translator as the guardian of language is the affirmation and understanding of the identity of the artificial translator. On the one hand, it avoids the erosion of the natural language by the machine translation, on the other hand, it is conducive to the exertion of the subjectivity of the artificial translator. Machine translation takes into account the transmission and accuracy of information, but it cannot take into account the polysemy, fuzziness and creativity of language. However, it is the polysemy, fuzziness and creativity of language that makes our life full of spirituality, beauty and vitality.&lt;br /&gt;
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===6.Suggestions for the Combined Development of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
====6.1 Reasonable Division of Labor====&lt;br /&gt;
First of all, we should speed up the training of translation talents so that senior translation talents can match the number of machine translation. In this way, when dealing with relevant translation business, we can achieve high business efficiency, good content and quality. Secondly, while accelerating the formation of the industry, relevant state departments should give certain policy support to improve the industry status of translators, have certain professional certification for professional translation content, raise the employment threshold of the translation industry, filter out those who are not professional, leave those with good skills and increase those with ability, In this way, the translation industry can form a certain scale industry in the high-end field. The formation of the industry also requires large-scale assembly line operation to meet the needs of manual translation, supplemented by the processing capacity of machine translation for medium and low-end content, so as to solve the problems of slow translation speed and high price in the past.&lt;br /&gt;
====6.2 Both Need to be Improved====&lt;br /&gt;
So far, the universal application of machine translation still focuses on the written form. Although Google and other companies have made attempts and achieved some achievements in machine interpretation, the technology of machine interpretation is still not mature enough. The author's proposal is not to replace artificial interpretation with machine interpretation, but to realize the intelligence of the middle and low-end market like written translation. In addition, artificial translation still needs to be refined. The requirements for translators should not only focus on the mastery of language, but also absorb more skilled personnel with professional background knowledge to join the professional translation team. The future industry integration will eliminate some translators with weak professional background knowledge. At the same time, expand the training mode of translation major in colleges and universities so that students can have more opportunities to participate in social practice. Meanwhile, colleges and universities should timely understand the needs of the industry, and carefully train students from the basic stage of freshman and sophomore, so as to make students more targeted for future employment.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
With the advent of the era of artificial intelligence, AI technology is affecting the development of translation on an unprecedented scale and speed, causing profound changes in the translation industry. On the one hand, machine translation at this stage has made great achievements, gradually penetrated into our life and work, and has been applied in many fields, which has brought great convenience to our life and work; On the other hand, there are many problems in machine translation，such as cultural differences and emotional factors in language, which makes it difficult for machine translation to replace artificial translation. Since machine translation and artificial translation have their own advantages, we need to face how to integrate them efficiently, so as to give full play to their advantages and improve translation efficiency and quality. Although the development prospect of machine translation is very bright, the scope of application of machine translation and translation technology is limited. It is mainly used in general news reports, scientific and technological texts and other highly repetitive texts, which cannot completely replace artificial translation. Even the most advanced neural machine translation system has only achieved good results in the fields of daily conversation, news translation and so on. Literary texts are highly metaphorical. Machine translation and translation technology can only be used as auxiliary translation means to serve professional translators. Machine translation and artificial intelligence will not replace human creativity and imagination, but will improve the quality of translation and avoid boring and repetitive translation work. The improvement of machine translation requires the joint efforts of computer science, information science, statistics, linguistics and other academic circles, so as to realize more mature man-machine mutual assistance translation. In general, machine translation is not only a challenge, but also an opportunity. If we want to turn the challenge into an opportunity, we must constantly improve our competitiveness, keep pace with the times, make full use of new technologies related to translation, and jointly create a new era of &amp;quot;man and machines dancing together&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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===References===&lt;br /&gt;
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Fan Yuxiao 樊玉消 (2021). 浅谈人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译[J]A Brief Talk on Machine Translation and Human Translation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence海外英语 Overseas English,11:179-180&lt;br /&gt;
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Jin Wenlu 靳文璐(2019). 机器翻译可以取代人工翻译吗? [J]Can machine translation replace artificial translation?. 智库时代 Think Tank Times 40:282-284.&lt;br /&gt;
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Liu Tianze刘天泽（2019） 浅谈人工智能翻译和人工翻译的比较与展望[J] A Brief Discussion on the Comparison and Prospect of Artificial Intelligence Translation and Artificial Translation海外英语 Overseas English 16:46-47&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Chapter 1:A Comparison Between the Quality of Machine Translation and Human Translation——A Case Study of the Application of artificial intelligence in Sports Events=&lt;br /&gt;
'''论机器翻译与人工翻译的质量对比——以人工智能在体育赛事领域的应用为例'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
卫怡雯 Wei Yiwen, Hunan Normal University, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Chapter 2：On the Realm Advantages And Mutual Development of Machine Translation And Huamn Translation)=&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;'论机器翻译与人工翻译的领域优势及共同发展'&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
肖毅瑶 Xiao Yiyao, Hunan Normal University, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Chapter 4 : A Comparison Between Machine Translation of Netease and Traditional Human Translation—A Case Study of The Economist Articles)= &lt;br /&gt;
'''网易有道机器翻译与人工翻译的译文对比——以经济学人语料为例'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
王李菲 Wang Lifei, Hunan Normal University&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_4]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Chapter 5: Muhammad Saqib Mehran - Problems in translation studies=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_5]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=6 徐敏赟(Machine Translation Based on Neural Network --Challenge or Chance?)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_6]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Chapter 7: The Cultivation of artificial intelligence and translation talents in the Belt and Road Initiative=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_7]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
颜莉莉 Yan Lili, Hunan Normal University, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Chapter 8: On Machine Translation Under Lanuguage Intelligence——An Option and Opportunity for Human Translators=&lt;br /&gt;
'''论语言智能下的机器翻译——译者的选择与机遇'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
颜静 Yan Jing, Hunan Normal University, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_8]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=9 谢佳芬（ Machine Translation and Artificial Translation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence）=&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
谢佳芬 Xie Jiafen ,Hunan Normal University, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Chapter 10 熊敏 Research on the English Chinese Translation Ability of Machine Translation for Various Types of Texts=&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译对各类型文本的英汉翻译能力探究&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
熊敏, Xiong Min, Hunan Normal University&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_10]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Chapter 11 Study on Pre- editing of Machine Translation - A Case Study of Medical Abstracts=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译的译前编辑研究——以医学类文摘为例&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
陈惠妮 Chen Huini, Hunan Normal University&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_11]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Written by --[[User:Chen Huini|Chen Huini]] ([[User talk:Chen Huini|talk]]) 04:58, 15 December 2021 (UTC)Chen Huini&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Chapter 12 The Mistranslation of C-J Machine Translation of Political Statements=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译中政治发言中译日的误译&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
蔡珠凤 Cai Zhufeng, Hunan Normal University&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_12]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=133413</id>
		<title>Machine translation</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=133413"/>
		<updated>2021-12-15T12:15:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Chapter 1:A Comparison Between the Quality of Machine Translation and Human Translation——A Case Study of the Application of artificial intelligence in Sports Events=&lt;br /&gt;
'''论机器翻译与人工翻译的质量对比——以人工智能在体育赛事领域的应用为例'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
卫怡雯 Wei Yiwen, Hunan Normal University, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Chapter 2：On the Realm Advantages And Mutual Development of Machine Translation And Huamn Translation)=&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;'论机器翻译与人工翻译的领域优势及共同发展'&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
肖毅瑶 Xiao Yiyao, Hunan Normal University, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_2]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Chapter 4 : A Comparison Between Machine Translation of Netease and Traditional Human Translation—A Case Study of The Economist Articles)= &lt;br /&gt;
'''网易有道机器翻译与人工翻译的译文对比——以经济学人语料为例'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
王李菲 Wang Lifei, Hunan Normal University&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_4]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Chapter 5: Muhammad Saqib Mehran - Problems in translation studies=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_5]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=6 徐敏赟(Machine Translation Based on Neural Network --Challenge or Chance?)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_6]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Chapter 7: The Cultivation of artificial intelligence and translation talents in the Belt and Road Initiative=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_7]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
颜莉莉 Yan Lili, Hunan Normal University, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Chapter 8: On Machine Translation Under Lanuguage Intelligence——An Option and Opportunity for Human Translators=&lt;br /&gt;
'''论语言智能下的机器翻译——译者的选择与机遇'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
颜静 Yan Jing, Hunan Normal University, China&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_8]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=9 谢佳芬（ Machine Translation and Artificial Translation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence）=&lt;br /&gt;
'谢佳芬 Xie Jiafen Hunan Normal University, China’&lt;br /&gt;
 Machine Translation and Artificial Translation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译’’’&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Chapter 10 熊敏 Research on the English Chinese Translation Ability of Machine Translation for Various Types of Texts=&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译对各类型文本的英汉翻译能力探究&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
熊敏, Xiong Min, Hunan Normal University&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_10]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Chapter 11 Study on Pre- editing of Machine Translation - A Case Study of Medical Abstracts=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译的译前编辑研究——以医学类文摘为例&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
陈惠妮 Chen Huini, Hunan Normal University&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_11]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Written by --[[User:Chen Huini|Chen Huini]] ([[User talk:Chen Huini|talk]]) 04:58, 15 December 2021 (UTC)Chen Huini&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Chapter 12 The Mistranslation of C-J Machine Translation of Political Statements=&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译中政治发言中译日的误译&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
蔡珠凤 Cai Zhufeng, Hunan Normal University&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_12]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_Trans_EN_9&amp;diff=133412</id>
		<title>Machine Trans EN 9</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_Trans_EN_9&amp;diff=133412"/>
		<updated>2021-12-15T12:13:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''谢佳芬 Xie Jiafen Hunan Normal University, China’''&lt;br /&gt;
'''9 谢佳芬 Machine Translation and Artificial Translation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译’’’&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of information technology, many industries are facing the competitive pressure of artificial intelligence, and so is the field of translation. Artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and combined with the field of translation，which has brought great impact and changes to traditional translation, but artificial intelligence translation and artificial translation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Artificial translation is in the leading position in adapting to human language logical habits and understanding characteristics, but in terms of translation threshold and economic value, the efficiency of artificial intelligence translation is even better. In a word, we need to know that machine translation and human translation are complementary rather than antagonistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Artificial Translation; Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
伴随着信息技术的不断发展，多个行业面临着人工智能的竞争压力，翻译领域也是如此。人工智能技术快速发展并与翻译领域结合，人工智能翻译给传统翻译带来了巨大的冲击和变革，但人工智能翻译与人工翻译存在着各自的优劣特点和发展空间，在适应人类语言逻辑习惯和理解特点的翻译效果上，人工翻译处于领先地位，但在翻译门槛和经济价值上，人工智能翻译的效率则更胜一筹。总的来说，我们要知道机器翻译与人工翻译是互补而非对立的关系。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译;人工翻译;人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
====1.1 The History of Machine Translation Aborad====&lt;br /&gt;
The research history of machine translation can be traced back to the 1930s and 1940s. In the early 1930s, the French scientist G.B. Alchuni put forward the idea of using machines for translation. In 1933, the Soviet inventor Troyansky designed a machine to translate one language into another.(Fan Yuxiao 2021:179)In 1946, the world's first modern electronic computer ENIAC was born. Soon after, American scientist Warren Weaver, a pioneer of information theory, put forward the idea of automatic language translation by computer in 1947. In 1949, Warren Weaver published a memorandum entitled Translation, which formally raised the issue of machine translation. In 1954, Georgetown University, with the cooperation of IBM, completed the English-Russian machine translation experiment with IBM-701 computer for the first time, which opened the prelude of machine translation research. (Dai Weichang 1994:2)In 2006, Google translation was officially released as a free service software, bringing a big upsurge of statistical machine translation research. It was Franz Och who joined Google in 2004 and led Google translation. What’s more, it is precisely because of the unremitting efforts of generations of scientists that science fiction has been brought into reality step by step.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2 The History of Machine Translation in China====&lt;br /&gt;
In 1956, the research and development of machine translation has been named in the scientific and technological work and made little achievements in China. On the eve of the tenth anniversary of the National Day in 1959, our country successfully carried out experiments, which translated nine different types of complicated sentences on large general-purpose electronic computers. The dictionary includes 2030 entries, and the grammar rule system consists of 29 circuit diagrams. (Liu Yongquan 1984:63) After a period of stagnation, China's machine translation ushered in a high-speed development stage after the 1980s in the wave of the third scientific and technological revolution. With the rapid development of economy and science and technology, China has made a qualitative leap in the field of machine translation research with the pace of reform and opening up. In 1978, Institute of Scientific and Technological Information of China, Institute of Computing Technology and Institute of Linguistics carried out an English-Chinese translation experiment with 20 Metallurgical Title examples as the objects and achieved satisfactory results. Subsequently, they developed a JYE-I machine translation system, which based on 200 sentences from metallurgical documents. Its principles and methods were also widely used in the machine translation system developed in the future. In addition, the research achievements of machine translation in China during the 1980s and 1990s also include that Institute of Post and Telecommunication Sciences developed a machine translation system, C Retrieval and automatic typesetting system with good performance and strong practicability in October 1986; In 1988, ISTC launched the ISTIC-I English-Chinese Title System for the translation of applied literature of metallurgy, Information Research Institute of Railway developed an English-Chinese Title Recording machine translation system for railway documents; the Language Institute of the Academy of Social Sciences developed &amp;quot;Tianyu&amp;quot; English-Chinese machine translation system and Matr English-Chinese machine translation system developed by the computer department of National University of Defense Technology. After many explorations and studies, machine translation in China has gradually moved towards application, popularization and commercialization. China Software Technology Corporation launched &amp;quot;Yixing I&amp;quot; in 1988, marking China's machine translation system officially going to the market. After &amp;quot;Yixing&amp;quot;, a series of machine translation systems such as Gaoli system in Beijing, Tongyi system in Tianjin and Langwei system in Shaanxi have also entered the public. In the 21st century, the development of a series of apps such as Kingsoft Powerword, Youdao translation and Baidu translation has greatly met the needs of ordinary users for translation. According to the working principle, machine translation has roughly experienced three stages: rule-based machine translation, statistics-based machine translation and deep learning based neural machine translation. (Li Li 2020:276)These three stages witnessed a leap in the quality of machine translation. Machine translation is more and more used in daily life and even the translation of some texts is almost comparable to artificial translation. In addition to text translation, voice translation, photo translation and other functions have also been listed, which provides great convenience for people's life. It is undeniable that machine translation has become the development trend of translation in the future.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.3 The Status Quo of Machine Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
In this big data era of information explosion, the prospect of machine translation is also bright. At present, the circular neural network system launched by Google has supported universal translation in more than 60 languages. Many Internet companies such as Microsoft Bing, Sogou, Tencent, Baidu and NetEase Youdao have also launched their own Internet free machine translation systems.(Liu Qun 2012:48) Users can obtain translation results free of charge by logging in to the corresponding websites. At present, the circular neural network translation system launched by Google can support real-time translation of more than 60 languages, and the domestic Baidu online machine translation system can also support real-time translation of 28 languages. These Internet online machine translation systems are suitable for a variety of terminal platforms such as mobile phone, PC, tablet and web and its functions are also quite diverse, supporting many translation forms, such as screen word selection, text scanning translation, photo translation, offline translation, web page translation and so on. Although its translation quality needs to be improved, it has been outstanding in the fields of daily dialogue, news translation and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
Generally speaking, machine translation has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, accurate term translation and great development potential and etc. Machine translation is fast and efficient, this is something that artificial translation can’t catch up with. In addition, with the continuous emergence of all kinds of translation software in the market, compared with artificial translation, machine translation is cheap and sometimes even free, which greatly saves the economic cost and time for users with low translation quality requirements. What's more, compared with artificial translation, machine translation has a huge corpus, which makes the translation of some terms, especially the latest scientific and technological terms, more rapid and accurate. The accurate translation of these terms requires the translator to constantly learn, but learning needs a process, which has a certain test on the translator's learning ability and learning speed. In this regard, artificial translation has uncertainty and hysteretic nature. At the same time, with the progress of science and technology and the development of society, the function of machine translation will be more perfect and the quality of translation will be better.Today's machine translation tools and software are easy to carry, all you need to do is just to use the software and electronic dictionary in the mobile phone. There is no need to carry paper dictionaries and books for translation, which saves time and space. At the same time, machine translation covers many fields and is suitable for translation practice in different situations, such as academic, education, commercial trade, social networking, tourism, production technology, etc, it is also easy to deal with various professional terms. However, due to the limitation of translators' own knowledge, artificial translation is often limited to one or a few fields or industries. For example, it is difficult for an interpreter specializing in medical English to translate legal English.&lt;br /&gt;
At the same time, machine translation also has its limitations. At first, machine can only operate word to word translation, which only plays the function and role of dictionary. Then, the application of syntax enables the process of sentence translation and it can be solved by using the direct translation method. When the original text and the target language are highly similar, it can be translated directly. For example, the original text &amp;quot;他是个老师.&amp;quot; The target language is &amp;quot;he is a teacher &amp;quot;. With the increase of the structural complexity of the original text, the effect of machine translation is greatly reduced. Therefore, at the syntactic level, machine translation still stays in sentences with relatively simple structure. Meanwhile, the original text and the results of machine translation cannot be interchanged equally, indicating that English-Chinese translation has strong randomness, and is not rigorous and scientific enough. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nowadays, machine translation is highly dependent on parallel corpora, but the construction of parallel corpora is not perfect. At present, the resources of some mainstream languages such as Chinese and English are relatively rich, while the data collection of many small languages is not satisfactory. Moreover, the current corpus is mainly concentrated in the fields of government literature, science and technology, current affairs and news, while there is a serious lack of data in other fields, which can’t reflect the advantages of machine translation. At the same time, corpus construction lags behind. Some informative texts introducing the latest cutting-edge research results often spread the latest academic knowledge and use a large number of new professional terms, such as academic papers and teaching materials while the corpus often lacks the corresponding words of the target language, which makes machine translation powerless&lt;br /&gt;
Besides, machine translation is not culturally sensitive. Human may never be able to program machines to understand and experience a particular culture. Different cultures have unique and different language systems, and machines do not have complexity to understand or recognize slang, jargon, puns and idioms. Therefore, their translation may not conform to cultural values and specific norms. This is also one of the challenges that the machine needs to overcome.(Jin Wenlu 2019:282)Artificial intelligence may have human abstract thinking ability in the future, but it is difficult to have image thinking ability including imagination and emotion.(Hu Kaibao, Li Yi: 2016:11) Therefore, machine translation is often used in news, science and technology, patents, specifications and other text fields with the purpose of fact description, knowledge and information transmission. These words rarely involve emotional and cultural background. When translating expressive texts, the limitations of machine translation are exposed. The so-called expressive text refers to the text that pays attention to emotional expression and is full of imagination. Its main characteristics are subjectivity, emotion and imagination, such as novels, poetry, prose, art and so on. This kind of text attaches importance to the emotional expression of the author or character image, and uses a lot of metaphors, symbols and other expressions. Machine translation is difficult to catch up with artificial translation in this kind of text, it can only translate the main idea, lack of connotation and literary grace and it cannot have subjective feelings and rational analysis like human beings. In fact, it is not difficult to simulate the human brain, the difficulty is that it is impossible to learn from the rich social experience and life experience of excellent translators. In other words, machine translation lacks the personalization and creativity of human translation. It is this personalization and creativity that promote the development and evolution of language, and what machine translation can only output is mechanical &amp;quot;machine language&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.The Irreplaceability of Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
====3.1 Translation is Constrained by Context====&lt;br /&gt;
At present, machine translation can help people deal with language communication in people's daily life and work, such as clothing, food, housing and transportation, but there is a big gap from the &amp;quot;faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance&amp;quot; emphasized by high-level translation. Language itself is art，which pays more attention to artistry than functionality, and the discipline of art is difficult to quantify and unify. Sometimes it is regular, rigorous, logical and clear, and sometimes it is random, free and logical. If it is translated by machine, it is difficult to grasp this degree. Sometimes, machine translation cannot connect words with contextual meaning. In many languages, the same word may have multiple completely unrelated meanings. In this case, context will have a great impact on word meaning, and the understanding of word meaning depends largely on the meaning read from context. Only human beings can combine words with context, determine their true meaning, and creatively adjust and modify the language to obtain a complete and accurate translation. This is undoubtedly very difficult for machine translation. Artificial translation can get rid of the constraints of the source language and translate the translation in line with the grammar, sentence patterns and word habits of the target language. In the process of translation, translators can use their own knowledge reserves to analyze the differences between the source language and the target language in thinking mode, cultural characteristics, social background, customs and habits, so as to translate a more accurate translation. Artificial translation can also add, delete, domesticate, modify and polish the translation according to the style, make up for the lack of culture, try to maintain the thought, artistic conception and charm of the original text and the style of the source language. In addition, translators can also judge and consider the words with multiple meanings or easy to produce ambiguity according to the context, so as to make the translation more clear and more accurate and improve the quality of the translation.&lt;br /&gt;
====3.2 Literary Translation is Inseparable from Human Participation====&lt;br /&gt;
Literary works express human rich thoughts and emotions, which contain profound cultural connotation. Only by clarifying the cultural background of the work and guessing the emotion expressed in the work can the translator feel it. However, the machine itself has neither emotion nor humanistic feelings, so how can it make a translation with human emotion. Although machine translation in the era of artificial intelligence has made great progress and can help people deal with some translation work, it is still difficult to reach the high standard and realm of translation. However, the current machine translation can’t take into account the cultural differences and language habits between the two languages. The translated literary works are difficult to understand or even twist its original meaning. While a good translator not only master the cultural background knowledge of the source language and the target language, also the translator can take into account the differences between the two languages and cultures, feel the emotions contained in the works, figure out the ideas the author wants to express, so as to translate more authentic works.&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Future Development Trend of Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
====4.1 Deep Integration of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation and artificial translation both complement , improve and develop with each other On the one hand, machine translation has indeed made great progress, brought changes in the field of translation, and saved a lot of time and energy for translators. From artificial intelligence to machine intelligence weak artificial intelligence (ANI) focuses on completing a specific task, such as speech recognition, image recognition and translation, so it is an artificial intelligence that is good at a single aspect. (Wang Huashu 2021:10)Strong artificial intelligence (AGI) is usually able to think, plan, solve problems, abstract thinking, understand complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience. Its system includes learning, language, cognition, reasoning, creation and planning and the goal is to enable artificial intelligence to deal with unprecedented details in the case of unsupervised learning, and carry out interactive learning with human beings at the same time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Driven by artificial intelligence technology, the mode of translation will roughly go through several stages, such as artificial translation, artificial translation with machine assistance, machine translation with artificial assistance, and intelligent machine translation. From traditional translation to machine translation with post-editing mode, from traditional interpretation to machine assisted interpretation, the degree of human-computer interaction is becoming higher and higher. At present, it is changing from artificial translation with machine assistance to machine translation with artificial assistance. In the future, a highly intelligent translation system will automatically connect all the resources required for translation, give full play to the advantages of artificial intelligence, focus the wisdom of translators on more valuable and creative work, and greatly liberate the workload of translation. For example, when doing some simple non-literary translation texts, machine translation can quickly complete a lot of translation work, which is unmatched by artificial translation. On the other hand, although the current machine translation has made a great breakthrough and can carry out some translation work, there are still some translation work that machine translation is not competent, such as literary translation, publishing publications and books, etc. The reason is that the existing technical level has not yet reached the point of replacing artificial translation. Therefore, we should not only improve our translation level, but also keep pace with the times, so as to be more competitive. In short, machine translation is inseparable from artificial translation. Artificial translation also needs the assistance of machine translation and the deep integration of the two will be the general trend. In the process of translation, we can combine the advantages of the two and learn from each other, which can not only improve efficiency, reduce the labor intensity of the translator, but also improve the quality of the translation. However, it is undeniable that in this process, some low-level translators will face the risk of elimination.&lt;br /&gt;
====4.2 Technicalization of Artificial Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Under the guidance of advanced information technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data, the technicalization of artificial translation will become an inevitable trend of artificial translation in the future. First of all, machine translation under artificial intelligence technology has triggered profound changes in the way and content of translation. In this context, translators should not only improve their professional translation ability, but also learn and apply new technologies, so as to be more competitive under the background of artificial intelligence. The current translation market requires translators to use some translation tools, which may be the future development trend. If translators know nothing about new translation technologies, it will be difficult to survive in the technical translation environment. This requires translators to keep pace with the times, learn and master the technical skills related to translation, and apply them to practice. So that when facing different translation scenarios and translation tasks, machine translation and artificial translation can work together. Machine translation will do some simple, basic and repetitive work, so as to save a lot of time and energy for translators to do some more complex work, so that translators can give full play to their advantages in their fields.&lt;br /&gt;
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===5. Discussion on the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
====5.1 Competition====&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous progress of science and technology, machine translation will play a more and more important role. However, the different characteristics of machine translation and artificial translation determine that they will have different markets. Those regular and stylized translation work will be gradually replaced by machine translation, which will occupy a dominant position in the middle and low-end translation market. For example, ordinary texts such as daily communication, instant messaging, e-mail and Wechat do not need very accurate and professional translation, and machine translation is enough to meet their needs. High-end artificial translation talents are still in short supply. For example, political discourse, legal documents and medical documents that require high translation accuracy . Take the political discourse as an example，political discourse often represents the national image and belongs to a very sensitive topic. A slight error will cause irreparable consequences and even affect international relations. For another example, literature, art and other fields with high requirements for imagination and creativity need artificial translation to assume humanistic responsibility while machine translation cannot make a perfect judgment in this regard. In the future, the division of labor between machine translation and artificial translation in the target market will gradually become clear. Machine translation and artificial translation will compete in different positioning markets. Moreover, we can see from the meaning and actual work of machine translation that compared with artificial translation, it is convenient to use, has no location restrictions, switches between multiple languages at any time and supports paragraph translation. As long as there is a network, it can be translated with high convenience and efficiency. Compared with online translation, artificial translation has higher flexibility, stronger pertinence and lower error rate. Taking simultaneous interpretation as an example, simultaneous interpretation is a very difficult interlingual conversion activity strictly limited by time, which requires the interpreter to quickly complete the prediction, understanding, memory and conversion of the source language information in a very short time with the help of the existing subject knowledge while listening to the source language, and to monitor, organize, modify and express the target language. Simultaneous interpretation translators have solid language skills, mature experience of conferences, and master extensive knowledge is an important prerequisite for doing well in simultaneous interpreting. And these are machine translation can’t be completed.&lt;br /&gt;
====5.2 Integration====&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.1 Complementarity Between Simple Translation and Complex Translation=====&lt;br /&gt;
Because machine translation can better translate some simple sentences and paragraphs, which can liberate translators from focusing on simple translation in terms of translation complexity, so that translators can have more time and energy to carry out some more complex translation work, for example, some texts with high national customs, foreign literary works with profound meaning, and texts using special rhetorical skills. In addition, laws and regulations, contracts and other texts have the highest requirements for quality, those texts need translation's standardization and accuracy, so artificial translation is safer. Literary and artistic texts focus on aesthetics and interest, so the style of the translation is pretty significant, which cannot be achieved by machine translation with only rationality and lack of humanistic cultivation. Some texts, such as product specifications, science and technology, economy and trade, news, etc., have moderate requirements for the quality of translation, and can adopt the mode of human-machine cooperation. There are usually two main modes: pre-editing + machine translation + post-editing and machine translation + post-editing. Pre-editing usually involves two parts: format processing and language processing, which refers to the structural modification of the text before machine translation. Its purpose is to reduce semantic ambiguity and make it conform to the logical mode of machine translation, so as to improve the accuracy and readability of the translation and reduce the workload of post-editing. However, no matter how intelligent the machine is and how long the translator spends on pre-editing, a certain proportion of the text that has not been successfully translated, so we still need the post-editing of machine translation. Therefore, it can be seen that machine translation and artificial translation are not antagonistic. The relationship between them should be a clear division of labor and complement each other.&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.2Complementarity Between Old and New Translation Tasks=====&lt;br /&gt;
Because machine translation has certain learning ability in some aspects, for example, based on its self-learning ability of neural network, it can memorize the existing programmatic expressions, terms and paragraphs in its database, and can translate them better and more accurately when it encounters similar sentence patterns next time so as to effectively avoid the problems of inconsistent terminology and inconsistent expression caused by the participation of many people in the translation project. Therefore, machine translation can achieve the purpose of saving translation human resources, so that they can better invest in the research and discussion of the translation of emerging terms or important expressions, and make them have stronger translation behavior.&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.3The Complementarity of Translation Scenarios=====&lt;br /&gt;
Due to its fast and convenient characteristics, machine translation can be better qualified for the application scenarios with loose translation quality and content requirements, such as daily communication, web browsing, information acquisition and so on. At present, the translation software developed in the market has basically changed from translation to faster intelligent voice real-time translation, which is welcomed by the majority of users. For more professional application scenarios, such as high-level meetings, negotiations and litigation, both translators and interpreters need more professional senior translators. For example, in some specific environments, only artificial translation can meet the translation needs, such as the translation of seven national languages in the national two sessions and congress of party representatives. Under these circumstances, only flexible artificial translation can work well. No matter whether the translation of paper documents or simultaneous interpreting at the scene requires professionals with rich experience in party and professional experience, they are determined by the seriousness and particularity of the translation scenario.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The rapid development of machine translation has indeed brought convenience to the public and produced certain economic benefits, but we can't exaggerate the effectiveness of machine translation. Some so-called professionals exaggerate the power of technology while ignoring the humanistic side of translation. The reason why translation activities thrive is that different nations and countries need cultural and ideological exchanges. One-sided emphasis on science and technology or humanities is an extreme approach. The correct approach is to integrate science and technology with humanities. We should not only pay attention to the convenience of machine translation technology, but also give full play to the subjectivity of translators. No matter how developed artificial intelligence is, it is only a product developed by human beings, and its ultimate goal is to serve human beings. In the increasingly developed era of informatization and specialization, translation professionals need to embrace new technologies, learn and apply new technologies to improve their professional translation ability with the help of machine translation technology, so as to make translation faster and better. Translation majors are highly practical, practical and professional. It can be predicted that the future manual interpreter should be a combination of bilingual ability and computer software development ability. What's more, translators should learn to use machine translation and strengthen their own translation technology application ability, which is a new model of translation in the future. But at the same time, we should also see that translation is a humanities. The translator is not only a cultural messenger, but also a guardian of language. Translation is not a simple conversion of words and sounds. Its essence is the communication and dissemination of body, mind and thinking between different cultures. The temperature, thickness and purity of human nature in interpersonal and cultural communication, and the skills, creativity and wisdom embodied in human translation are beyond the reach of machine translation. At the same time, the translator is the guardian of language. If thinkers and poets are the guardians of language, a translator with thinking, creativity and artistic sense also undertakes this responsibility. Regarding the translator as the guardian of language is the affirmation and understanding of the identity of the artificial translator. On the one hand, it avoids the erosion of the natural language by the machine translation, on the other hand, it is conducive to the exertion of the subjectivity of the artificial translator. Machine translation takes into account the transmission and accuracy of information, but it cannot take into account the polysemy, fuzziness and creativity of language. However, it is the polysemy, fuzziness and creativity of language that makes our life full of spirituality, beauty and vitality.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6.Suggestions for the Combined Development of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
====6.1 Reasonable Division of Labor====&lt;br /&gt;
First of all, we should speed up the training of translation talents so that senior translation talents can match the number of machine translation. In this way, when dealing with relevant translation business, we can achieve high business efficiency, good content and quality. Secondly, while accelerating the formation of the industry, relevant state departments should give certain policy support to improve the industry status of translators, have certain professional certification for professional translation content, raise the employment threshold of the translation industry, filter out those who are not professional, leave those with good skills and increase those with ability, In this way, the translation industry can form a certain scale industry in the high-end field. The formation of the industry also requires large-scale assembly line operation to meet the needs of manual translation, supplemented by the processing capacity of machine translation for medium and low-end content, so as to solve the problems of slow translation speed and high price in the past.&lt;br /&gt;
====6.2 Both Need to be Improved====&lt;br /&gt;
So far, the universal application of machine translation still focuses on the written form. Although Google and other companies have made attempts and achieved some achievements in machine interpretation, the technology of machine interpretation is still not mature enough. The author's proposal is not to replace artificial interpretation with machine interpretation, but to realize the intelligence of the middle and low-end market like written translation. In addition, artificial translation still needs to be refined. The requirements for translators should not only focus on the mastery of language, but also absorb more skilled personnel with professional background knowledge to join the professional translation team. The future industry integration will eliminate some translators with weak professional background knowledge. At the same time, expand the training mode of translation major in colleges and universities so that students can have more opportunities to participate in social practice. Meanwhile, colleges and universities should timely understand the needs of the industry, and carefully train students from the basic stage of freshman and sophomore, so as to make students more targeted for future employment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
With the advent of the era of artificial intelligence, AI technology is affecting the development of translation on an unprecedented scale and speed, causing profound changes in the translation industry. On the one hand, machine translation at this stage has made great achievements, gradually penetrated into our life and work, and has been applied in many fields, which has brought great convenience to our life and work; On the other hand, there are many problems in machine translation，such as cultural differences and emotional factors in language, which makes it difficult for machine translation to replace artificial translation. Since machine translation and artificial translation have their own advantages, we need to face how to integrate them efficiently, so as to give full play to their advantages and improve translation efficiency and quality. Although the development prospect of machine translation is very bright, the scope of application of machine translation and translation technology is limited. It is mainly used in general news reports, scientific and technological texts and other highly repetitive texts, which cannot completely replace artificial translation. Even the most advanced neural machine translation system has only achieved good results in the fields of daily conversation, news translation and so on. Literary texts are highly metaphorical. Machine translation and translation technology can only be used as auxiliary translation means to serve professional translators. Machine translation and artificial intelligence will not replace human creativity and imagination, but will improve the quality of translation and avoid boring and repetitive translation work. The improvement of machine translation requires the joint efforts of computer science, information science, statistics, linguistics and other academic circles, so as to realize more mature man-machine mutual assistance translation. In general, machine translation is not only a challenge, but also an opportunity. If we want to turn the challenge into an opportunity, we must constantly improve our competitiveness, keep pace with the times, make full use of new technologies related to translation, and jointly create a new era of &amp;quot;man and machines dancing together&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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===References===&lt;br /&gt;
Fan Yuxiao 樊玉消 (2021). 浅谈人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译[J]A Brief Talk on Machine Translation and Human Translation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence海外英语 Overseas English,11:179-180&lt;br /&gt;
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Liu YongQuan刘涌泉(1984).中国的机器翻译[M]China’s Machine Translation. 北京：知识出版社Bei Jing: Knowledge Press.&lt;br /&gt;
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Li Li李利(2020).浅析机器翻译和人工翻译的关系[J]A Brief Analysis of the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation国际机关PR Magazine 9:276-277.&lt;br /&gt;
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Liu Qun刘利（2012）.机器翻译技术现状与展望 [J]Current Situation and Prospect of Machine Translation Technology 集成技术 Journal of Integration Technology1:48-54.&lt;br /&gt;
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Jin Wenlu 靳文璐(2019). 机器翻译可以取代人工翻译吗? [J]Can machine translation replace artificial translation?. 智库时代 Think Tank Times 40:282-284.&lt;br /&gt;
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Hu Kaibao Li Yi胡开宝，李翼(2016) 机器翻译特征及其与人工翻译关系的研究[J]Research on the Characteristics of Machine Translation and Its Relationship with Artificial Translation 中国翻译 Chinese Translators Journal 37：10-14&lt;br /&gt;
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Dai Weichang 戴伟长（1994）.国内外机器翻译进展状况[J]Progress of Machine Translation at Home and Abroad 软件世界 Software World 12:2-3&lt;br /&gt;
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Wang Huashu WangXin王华树 王鑫(2021) .人工智能时代的翻译技术研究: 应用场景、 现存问题与趋势展望[J]Translation Research in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Application Scenarios, Existing Problems and Trends 外国语文Foreign Language and Literature  1:9-17&lt;br /&gt;
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Xu Yican Liu Jibin徐一灿 刘继斌(2017) .机器翻译的现状和前景[J] Current Situation and Prospect of Machine Translation海外英语Overseas English(11):117-118&lt;br /&gt;
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Pang Yingyu 庞盈羽(2019) .谈机器翻译与人工翻译的关系——从机器翻译与计算机辅助翻译的发展角度[J]The Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation -- From the Perspective of the Development of Machine Translation and Computer-aided Translation 科学大众Popular Science 11:164-165&lt;br /&gt;
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Liu Tianze刘天泽（2019） 浅谈人工智能翻译和人工翻译的比较与展望[J] A Brief Discussion on the Comparison and Prospect of Artificial Intelligence Translation and Artificial Translation海外英语 Overseas English 16:46-47&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
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		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_Trans_EN_9&amp;diff=133410</id>
		<title>Machine Trans EN 9</title>
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		<updated>2021-12-15T12:10:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
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30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
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'''谢佳芬 Xie Jiafen Hunan Normal University, China’''&lt;br /&gt;
'''9 谢佳芬 Machine Translation and Artificial Translation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译’’’&lt;br /&gt;
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===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of information technology, many industries are facing the competitive pressure of artificial intelligence, and so is the field of translation. Artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and combined with the field of translation，which has brought great impact and changes to traditional translation, but artificial intelligence translation and artificial translation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Artificial translation is in the leading position in adapting to human language logical habits and understanding characteristics, but in terms of translation threshold and economic value, the efficiency of artificial intelligence translation is even better. In a word, we need to know that machine translation and human translation are complementary rather than antagonistic.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Key Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Artificial Translation; Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
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===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译&lt;br /&gt;
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===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
伴随着信息技术的不断发展，多个行业面临着人工智能的竞争压力，翻译领域也是如此。人工智能技术快速发展并与翻译领域结合，人工智能翻译给传统翻译带来了巨大的冲击和变革，但人工智能翻译与人工翻译存在着各自的优劣特点和发展空间，在适应人类语言逻辑习惯和理解特点的翻译效果上，人工翻译处于领先地位，但在翻译门槛和经济价值上，人工智能翻译的效率则更胜一筹。总的来说，我们要知道机器翻译与人工翻译是互补而非对立的关系。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译;人工翻译;人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
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===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
====1.1 The History of Machine Translation Aborad====&lt;br /&gt;
The research history of machine translation can be traced back to the 1930s and 1940s. In the early 1930s, the French scientist G.B. Alchuni put forward the idea of using machines for translation. In 1933, the Soviet inventor Troyansky designed a machine to translate one language into another.(Fan Yuxiao 2021:179)In 1946, the world's first modern electronic computer ENIAC was born. Soon after, American scientist Warren Weaver, a pioneer of information theory, put forward the idea of automatic language translation by computer in 1947. In 1949, Warren Weaver published a memorandum entitled Translation, which formally raised the issue of machine translation. In 1954, Georgetown University, with the cooperation of IBM, completed the English-Russian machine translation experiment with IBM-701 computer for the first time, which opened the prelude of machine translation research. (Dai Weichang 1994:2)In 2006, Google translation was officially released as a free service software, bringing a big upsurge of statistical machine translation research. It was Franz Och who joined Google in 2004 and led Google translation. What’s more, it is precisely because of the unremitting efforts of generations of scientists that science fiction has been brought into reality step by step.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2 The History of Machine Translation in China====&lt;br /&gt;
In 1956, the research and development of machine translation has been named in the scientific and technological work and made little achievements in China. On the eve of the tenth anniversary of the National Day in 1959, our country successfully carried out experiments, which translated nine different types of complicated sentences on large general-purpose electronic computers. The dictionary includes 2030 entries, and the grammar rule system consists of 29 circuit diagrams. (Liu Yongquan 1984:63) After a period of stagnation, China's machine translation ushered in a high-speed development stage after the 1980s in the wave of the third scientific and technological revolution. With the rapid development of economy and science and technology, China has made a qualitative leap in the field of machine translation research with the pace of reform and opening up. In 1978, Institute of Scientific and Technological Information of China, Institute of Computing Technology and Institute of Linguistics carried out an English-Chinese translation experiment with 20 Metallurgical Title examples as the objects and achieved satisfactory results. Subsequently, they developed a JYE-I machine translation system, which based on 200 sentences from metallurgical documents. Its principles and methods were also widely used in the machine translation system developed in the future. In addition, the research achievements of machine translation in China during the 1980s and 1990s also include that Institute of Post and Telecommunication Sciences developed a machine translation system, C Retrieval and automatic typesetting system with good performance and strong practicability in October 1986; In 1988, ISTC launched the ISTIC-I English-Chinese Title System for the translation of applied literature of metallurgy, Information Research Institute of Railway developed an English-Chinese Title Recording machine translation system for railway documents; the Language Institute of the Academy of Social Sciences developed &amp;quot;Tianyu&amp;quot; English-Chinese machine translation system and Matr English-Chinese machine translation system developed by the computer department of National University of Defense Technology. After many explorations and studies, machine translation in China has gradually moved towards application, popularization and commercialization. China Software Technology Corporation launched &amp;quot;Yixing I&amp;quot; in 1988, marking China's machine translation system officially going to the market. After &amp;quot;Yixing&amp;quot;, a series of machine translation systems such as Gaoli system in Beijing, Tongyi system in Tianjin and Langwei system in Shaanxi have also entered the public. In the 21st century, the development of a series of apps such as Kingsoft Powerword, Youdao translation and Baidu translation has greatly met the needs of ordinary users for translation. According to the working principle, machine translation has roughly experienced three stages: rule-based machine translation, statistics-based machine translation and deep learning based neural machine translation. (Li Li 2020:276)These three stages witnessed a leap in the quality of machine translation. Machine translation is more and more used in daily life and even the translation of some texts is almost comparable to artificial translation. In addition to text translation, voice translation, photo translation and other functions have also been listed, which provides great convenience for people's life. It is undeniable that machine translation has become the development trend of translation in the future.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.3 The Status Quo of Machine Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
In this big data era of information explosion, the prospect of machine translation is also bright. At present, the circular neural network system launched by Google has supported universal translation in more than 60 languages. Many Internet companies such as Microsoft Bing, Sogou, Tencent, Baidu and NetEase Youdao have also launched their own Internet free machine translation systems.(Liu Qun 2012:48) Users can obtain translation results free of charge by logging in to the corresponding websites. At present, the circular neural network translation system launched by Google can support real-time translation of more than 60 languages, and the domestic Baidu online machine translation system can also support real-time translation of 28 languages. These Internet online machine translation systems are suitable for a variety of terminal platforms such as mobile phone, PC, tablet and web and its functions are also quite diverse, supporting many translation forms, such as screen word selection, text scanning translation, photo translation, offline translation, web page translation and so on. Although its translation quality needs to be improved, it has been outstanding in the fields of daily dialogue, news translation and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
Generally speaking, machine translation has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, accurate term translation and great development potential and etc. Machine translation is fast and efficient, this is something that artificial translation can’t catch up with. In addition, with the continuous emergence of all kinds of translation software in the market, compared with artificial translation, machine translation is cheap and sometimes even free, which greatly saves the economic cost and time for users with low translation quality requirements. What's more, compared with artificial translation, machine translation has a huge corpus, which makes the translation of some terms, especially the latest scientific and technological terms, more rapid and accurate. The accurate translation of these terms requires the translator to constantly learn, but learning needs a process, which has a certain test on the translator's learning ability and learning speed. In this regard, artificial translation has uncertainty and hysteretic nature. At the same time, with the progress of science and technology and the development of society, the function of machine translation will be more perfect and the quality of translation will be better.Today's machine translation tools and software are easy to carry, all you need to do is just to use the software and electronic dictionary in the mobile phone. There is no need to carry paper dictionaries and books for translation, which saves time and space. At the same time, machine translation covers many fields and is suitable for translation practice in different situations, such as academic, education, commercial trade, social networking, tourism, production technology, etc, it is also easy to deal with various professional terms. However, due to the limitation of translators' own knowledge, artificial translation is often limited to one or a few fields or industries. For example, it is difficult for an interpreter specializing in medical English to translate legal English.&lt;br /&gt;
At the same time, machine translation also has its limitations. At first, machine can only operate word to word translation, which only plays the function and role of dictionary. Then, the application of syntax enables the process of sentence translation and it can be solved by using the direct translation method. When the original text and the target language are highly similar, it can be translated directly. For example, the original text &amp;quot;他是个老师.&amp;quot; The target language is &amp;quot;he is a teacher &amp;quot;. With the increase of the structural complexity of the original text, the effect of machine translation is greatly reduced. Therefore, at the syntactic level, machine translation still stays in sentences with relatively simple structure. Meanwhile, the original text and the results of machine translation cannot be interchanged equally, indicating that English-Chinese translation has strong randomness, and is not rigorous and scientific enough. &lt;br /&gt;
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Nowadays, machine translation is highly dependent on parallel corpora, but the construction of parallel corpora is not perfect. At present, the resources of some mainstream languages such as Chinese and English are relatively rich, while the data collection of many small languages is not satisfactory. Moreover, the current corpus is mainly concentrated in the fields of government literature, science and technology, current affairs and news, while there is a serious lack of data in other fields, which can’t reflect the advantages of machine translation. At the same time, corpus construction lags behind. Some informative texts introducing the latest cutting-edge research results often spread the latest academic knowledge and use a large number of new professional terms, such as academic papers and teaching materials while the corpus often lacks the corresponding words of the target language, which makes machine translation powerless&lt;br /&gt;
Besides, machine translation is not culturally sensitive. Human may never be able to program machines to understand and experience a particular culture. Different cultures have unique and different language systems, and machines do not have complexity to understand or recognize slang, jargon, puns and idioms. Therefore, their translation may not conform to cultural values and specific norms. This is also one of the challenges that the machine needs to overcome.(Jin Wenlu 2019:282)Artificial intelligence may have human abstract thinking ability in the future, but it is difficult to have image thinking ability including imagination and emotion.(Hu Kaibao, Li Yi: 2016:11) Therefore, machine translation is often used in news, science and technology, patents, specifications and other text fields with the purpose of fact description, knowledge and information transmission. These words rarely involve emotional and cultural background. When translating expressive texts, the limitations of machine translation are exposed. The so-called expressive text refers to the text that pays attention to emotional expression and is full of imagination. Its main characteristics are subjectivity, emotion and imagination, such as novels, poetry, prose, art and so on. This kind of text attaches importance to the emotional expression of the author or character image, and uses a lot of metaphors, symbols and other expressions. Machine translation is difficult to catch up with artificial translation in this kind of text, it can only translate the main idea, lack of connotation and literary grace and it cannot have subjective feelings and rational analysis like human beings. In fact, it is not difficult to simulate the human brain, the difficulty is that it is impossible to learn from the rich social experience and life experience of excellent translators. In other words, machine translation lacks the personalization and creativity of human translation. It is this personalization and creativity that promote the development and evolution of language, and what machine translation can only output is mechanical &amp;quot;machine language&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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===3.The Irreplaceability of Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
====3.1 Translation is Constrained by Context====&lt;br /&gt;
At present, machine translation can help people deal with language communication in people's daily life and work, such as clothing, food, housing and transportation, but there is a big gap from the &amp;quot;faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance&amp;quot; emphasized by high-level translation. Language itself is art，which pays more attention to artistry than functionality, and the discipline of art is difficult to quantify and unify. Sometimes it is regular, rigorous, logical and clear, and sometimes it is random, free and logical. If it is translated by machine, it is difficult to grasp this degree. Sometimes, machine translation cannot connect words with contextual meaning. In many languages, the same word may have multiple completely unrelated meanings. In this case, context will have a great impact on word meaning, and the understanding of word meaning depends largely on the meaning read from context. Only human beings can combine words with context, determine their true meaning, and creatively adjust and modify the language to obtain a complete and accurate translation. This is undoubtedly very difficult for machine translation. Artificial translation can get rid of the constraints of the source language and translate the translation in line with the grammar, sentence patterns and word habits of the target language. In the process of translation, translators can use their own knowledge reserves to analyze the differences between the source language and the target language in thinking mode, cultural characteristics, social background, customs and habits, so as to translate a more accurate translation. Artificial translation can also add, delete, domesticate, modify and polish the translation according to the style, make up for the lack of culture, try to maintain the thought, artistic conception and charm of the original text and the style of the source language. In addition, translators can also judge and consider the words with multiple meanings or easy to produce ambiguity according to the context, so as to make the translation more clear and more accurate and improve the quality of the translation.&lt;br /&gt;
====3.2 Literary Translation is Inseparable from Human Participation====&lt;br /&gt;
Literary works express human rich thoughts and emotions, which contain profound cultural connotation. Only by clarifying the cultural background of the work and guessing the emotion expressed in the work can the translator feel it. However, the machine itself has neither emotion nor humanistic feelings, so how can it make a translation with human emotion. Although machine translation in the era of artificial intelligence has made great progress and can help people deal with some translation work, it is still difficult to reach the high standard and realm of translation. However, the current machine translation can’t take into account the cultural differences and language habits between the two languages. The translated literary works are difficult to understand or even twist its original meaning. While a good translator not only master the cultural background knowledge of the source language and the target language, also the translator can take into account the differences between the two languages and cultures, feel the emotions contained in the works, figure out the ideas the author wants to express, so as to translate more authentic works.&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Future Development Trend of Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
====4.1 Deep Integration of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation and artificial translation both complement , improve and develop with each other On the one hand, machine translation has indeed made great progress, brought changes in the field of translation, and saved a lot of time and energy for translators. From artificial intelligence to machine intelligence weak artificial intelligence (ANI) focuses on completing a specific task, such as speech recognition, image recognition and translation, so it is an artificial intelligence that is good at a single aspect. (Wang Huashu 2021:10)Strong artificial intelligence (AGI) is usually able to think, plan, solve problems, abstract thinking, understand complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience. Its system includes learning, language, cognition, reasoning, creation and planning and the goal is to enable artificial intelligence to deal with unprecedented details in the case of unsupervised learning, and carry out interactive learning with human beings at the same time.&lt;br /&gt;
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Driven by artificial intelligence technology, the mode of translation will roughly go through several stages, such as artificial translation, artificial translation with machine assistance, machine translation with artificial assistance, and intelligent machine translation. From traditional translation to machine translation with post-editing mode, from traditional interpretation to machine assisted interpretation, the degree of human-computer interaction is becoming higher and higher. At present, it is changing from artificial translation with machine assistance to machine translation with artificial assistance. In the future, a highly intelligent translation system will automatically connect all the resources required for translation, give full play to the advantages of artificial intelligence, focus the wisdom of translators on more valuable and creative work, and greatly liberate the workload of translation. For example, when doing some simple non-literary translation texts, machine translation can quickly complete a lot of translation work, which is unmatched by artificial translation. On the other hand, although the current machine translation has made a great breakthrough and can carry out some translation work, there are still some translation work that machine translation is not competent, such as literary translation, publishing publications and books, etc. The reason is that the existing technical level has not yet reached the point of replacing artificial translation. Therefore, we should not only improve our translation level, but also keep pace with the times, so as to be more competitive. In short, machine translation is inseparable from artificial translation. Artificial translation also needs the assistance of machine translation and the deep integration of the two will be the general trend. In the process of translation, we can combine the advantages of the two and learn from each other, which can not only improve efficiency, reduce the labor intensity of the translator, but also improve the quality of the translation. However, it is undeniable that in this process, some low-level translators will face the risk of elimination.&lt;br /&gt;
====4.2 Technicalization of Artificial Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Under the guidance of advanced information technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data, the technicalization of artificial translation will become an inevitable trend of artificial translation in the future. First of all, machine translation under artificial intelligence technology has triggered profound changes in the way and content of translation. In this context, translators should not only improve their professional translation ability, but also learn and apply new technologies, so as to be more competitive under the background of artificial intelligence. The current translation market requires translators to use some translation tools, which may be the future development trend. If translators know nothing about new translation technologies, it will be difficult to survive in the technical translation environment. This requires translators to keep pace with the times, learn and master the technical skills related to translation, and apply them to practice. So that when facing different translation scenarios and translation tasks, machine translation and artificial translation can work together. Machine translation will do some simple, basic and repetitive work, so as to save a lot of time and energy for translators to do some more complex work, so that translators can give full play to their advantages in their fields.&lt;br /&gt;
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===5. Discussion on the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
====5.1 Competition====&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous progress of science and technology, machine translation will play a more and more important role. However, the different characteristics of machine translation and artificial translation determine that they will have different markets. Those regular and stylized translation work will be gradually replaced by machine translation, which will occupy a dominant position in the middle and low-end translation market. For example, ordinary texts such as daily communication, instant messaging, e-mail and Wechat do not need very accurate and professional translation, and machine translation is enough to meet their needs. High-end artificial translation talents are still in short supply. For example, political discourse, legal documents and medical documents that require high translation accuracy . Take the political discourse as an example，political discourse often represents the national image and belongs to a very sensitive topic. A slight error will cause irreparable consequences and even affect international relations. For another example, literature, art and other fields with high requirements for imagination and creativity need artificial translation to assume humanistic responsibility while machine translation cannot make a perfect judgment in this regard. In the future, the division of labor between machine translation and artificial translation in the target market will gradually become clear. Machine translation and artificial translation will compete in different positioning markets. Moreover, we can see from the meaning and actual work of machine translation that compared with artificial translation, it is convenient to use, has no location restrictions, switches between multiple languages at any time and supports paragraph translation. As long as there is a network, it can be translated with high convenience and efficiency. Compared with online translation, artificial translation has higher flexibility, stronger pertinence and lower error rate. Taking simultaneous interpretation as an example, simultaneous interpretation is a very difficult interlingual conversion activity strictly limited by time, which requires the interpreter to quickly complete the prediction, understanding, memory and conversion of the source language information in a very short time with the help of the existing subject knowledge while listening to the source language, and to monitor, organize, modify and express the target language. Simultaneous interpretation translators have solid language skills, mature experience of conferences, and master extensive knowledge is an important prerequisite for doing well in simultaneous interpreting. And these are machine translation can’t be completed.&lt;br /&gt;
====5.2 Integration====&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.1 Complementarity Between Simple Translation and Complex Translation=====&lt;br /&gt;
Because machine translation can better translate some simple sentences and paragraphs, which can liberate translators from focusing on simple translation in terms of translation complexity, so that translators can have more time and energy to carry out some more complex translation work, for example, some texts with high national customs, foreign literary works with profound meaning, and texts using special rhetorical skills. In addition, laws and regulations, contracts and other texts have the highest requirements for quality, those texts need translation's standardization and accuracy, so artificial translation is safer. Literary and artistic texts focus on aesthetics and interest, so the style of the translation is pretty significant, which cannot be achieved by machine translation with only rationality and lack of humanistic cultivation. Some texts, such as product specifications, science and technology, economy and trade, news, etc., have moderate requirements for the quality of translation, and can adopt the mode of human-machine cooperation. There are usually two main modes: pre-editing + machine translation + post-editing and machine translation + post-editing. Pre-editing usually involves two parts: format processing and language processing, which refers to the structural modification of the text before machine translation. Its purpose is to reduce semantic ambiguity and make it conform to the logical mode of machine translation, so as to improve the accuracy and readability of the translation and reduce the workload of post-editing. However, no matter how intelligent the machine is and how long the translator spends on pre-editing, a certain proportion of the text that has not been successfully translated, so we still need the post-editing of machine translation. Therefore, it can be seen that machine translation and artificial translation are not antagonistic. The relationship between them should be a clear division of labor and complement each other.&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.2Complementarity Between Old and New Translation Tasks=====&lt;br /&gt;
Because machine translation has certain learning ability in some aspects, for example, based on its self-learning ability of neural network, it can memorize the existing programmatic expressions, terms and paragraphs in its database, and can translate them better and more accurately when it encounters similar sentence patterns next time so as to effectively avoid the problems of inconsistent terminology and inconsistent expression caused by the participation of many people in the translation project. Therefore, machine translation can achieve the purpose of saving translation human resources, so that they can better invest in the research and discussion of the translation of emerging terms or important expressions, and make them have stronger translation behavior.&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.3The Complementarity of Translation Scenarios=====&lt;br /&gt;
Due to its fast and convenient characteristics, machine translation can be better qualified for the application scenarios with loose translation quality and content requirements, such as daily communication, web browsing, information acquisition and so on. At present, the translation software developed in the market has basically changed from translation to faster intelligent voice real-time translation, which is welcomed by the majority of users. For more professional application scenarios, such as high-level meetings, negotiations and litigation, both translators and interpreters need more professional senior translators. For example, in some specific environments, only artificial translation can meet the translation needs, such as the translation of seven national languages in the national two sessions and congress of party representatives. Under these circumstances, only flexible artificial translation can work well. No matter whether the translation of paper documents or simultaneous interpreting at the scene requires professionals with rich experience in party and professional experience, they are determined by the seriousness and particularity of the translation scenario.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The rapid development of machine translation has indeed brought convenience to the public and produced certain economic benefits, but we can't exaggerate the effectiveness of machine translation. Some so-called professionals exaggerate the power of technology while ignoring the humanistic side of translation. The reason why translation activities thrive is that different nations and countries need cultural and ideological exchanges. One-sided emphasis on science and technology or humanities is an extreme approach. The correct approach is to integrate science and technology with humanities. We should not only pay attention to the convenience of machine translation technology, but also give full play to the subjectivity of translators. No matter how developed artificial intelligence is, it is only a product developed by human beings, and its ultimate goal is to serve human beings. In the increasingly developed era of informatization and specialization, translation professionals need to embrace new technologies, learn and apply new technologies to improve their professional translation ability with the help of machine translation technology, so as to make translation faster and better. Translation majors are highly practical, practical and professional. It can be predicted that the future manual interpreter should be a combination of bilingual ability and computer software development ability. What's more, translators should learn to use machine translation and strengthen their own translation technology application ability, which is a new model of translation in the future. But at the same time, we should also see that translation is a humanities. The translator is not only a cultural messenger, but also a guardian of language. Translation is not a simple conversion of words and sounds. Its essence is the communication and dissemination of body, mind and thinking between different cultures. The temperature, thickness and purity of human nature in interpersonal and cultural communication, and the skills, creativity and wisdom embodied in human translation are beyond the reach of machine translation. At the same time, the translator is the guardian of language. If thinkers and poets are the guardians of language, a translator with thinking, creativity and artistic sense also undertakes this responsibility. Regarding the translator as the guardian of language is the affirmation and understanding of the identity of the artificial translator. On the one hand, it avoids the erosion of the natural language by the machine translation, on the other hand, it is conducive to the exertion of the subjectivity of the artificial translator. Machine translation takes into account the transmission and accuracy of information, but it cannot take into account the polysemy, fuzziness and creativity of language. However, it is the polysemy, fuzziness and creativity of language that makes our life full of spirituality, beauty and vitality.&lt;br /&gt;
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===6.Suggestions for the Combined Development of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
====6.1 Reasonable Division of Labor====&lt;br /&gt;
First of all, we should speed up the training of translation talents so that senior translation talents can match the number of machine translation. In this way, when dealing with relevant translation business, we can achieve high business efficiency, good content and quality. Secondly, while accelerating the formation of the industry, relevant state departments should give certain policy support to improve the industry status of translators, have certain professional certification for professional translation content, raise the employment threshold of the translation industry, filter out those who are not professional, leave those with good skills and increase those with ability, In this way, the translation industry can form a certain scale industry in the high-end field. The formation of the industry also requires large-scale assembly line operation to meet the needs of manual translation, supplemented by the processing capacity of machine translation for medium and low-end content, so as to solve the problems of slow translation speed and high price in the past.&lt;br /&gt;
====6.2 Both Need to be Improved====&lt;br /&gt;
So far, the universal application of machine translation still focuses on the written form. Although Google and other companies have made attempts and achieved some achievements in machine interpretation, the technology of machine interpretation is still not mature enough. The author's proposal is not to replace artificial interpretation with machine interpretation, but to realize the intelligence of the middle and low-end market like written translation. In addition, artificial translation still needs to be refined. The requirements for translators should not only focus on the mastery of language, but also absorb more skilled personnel with professional background knowledge to join the professional translation team. The future industry integration will eliminate some translators with weak professional background knowledge. At the same time, expand the training mode of translation major in colleges and universities so that students can have more opportunities to participate in social practice. Meanwhile, colleges and universities should timely understand the needs of the industry, and carefully train students from the basic stage of freshman and sophomore, so as to make students more targeted for future employment.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
With the advent of the era of artificial intelligence, AI technology is affecting the development of translation on an unprecedented scale and speed, causing profound changes in the translation industry. On the one hand, machine translation at this stage has made great achievements, gradually penetrated into our life and work, and has been applied in many fields, which has brought great convenience to our life and work; On the other hand, there are many problems in machine translation，such as cultural differences and emotional factors in language, which makes it difficult for machine translation to replace artificial translation. Since machine translation and artificial translation have their own advantages, we need to face how to integrate them efficiently, so as to give full play to their advantages and improve translation efficiency and quality. Although the development prospect of machine translation is very bright, the scope of application of machine translation and translation technology is limited. It is mainly used in general news reports, scientific and technological texts and other highly repetitive texts, which cannot completely replace artificial translation. Even the most advanced neural machine translation system has only achieved good results in the fields of daily conversation, news translation and so on. Literary texts are highly metaphorical. Machine translation and translation technology can only be used as auxiliary translation means to serve professional translators. Machine translation and artificial intelligence will not replace human creativity and imagination, but will improve the quality of translation and avoid boring and repetitive translation work. The improvement of machine translation requires the joint efforts of computer science, information science, statistics, linguistics and other academic circles, so as to realize more mature man-machine mutual assistance translation. In general, machine translation is not only a challenge, but also an opportunity. If we want to turn the challenge into an opportunity, we must constantly improve our competitiveness, keep pace with the times, make full use of new technologies related to translation, and jointly create a new era of &amp;quot;man and machines dancing together&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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===References===&lt;br /&gt;
Fan Yuxiao 樊玉消 (2021). 浅谈人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译[J]A Brief Talk on Machine Translation and Human Translation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence海外英语 Overseas English,11:179-180&lt;br /&gt;
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Liu YongQuan刘涌泉(1984).中国的机器翻译[M]China’s Machine Translation. 北京：知识出版社Bei Jing: Knowledge Press.&lt;br /&gt;
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Li Li李利(2020).浅析机器翻译和人工翻译的关系[J]A Brief Analysis of the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation国际机关PR Magazine 9:276-277.&lt;br /&gt;
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Liu Qun刘利（2012）.机器翻译技术现状与展望 [J]Current Situation and Prospect of Machine Translation Technology 集成技术 Journal of Integration Technology1:48-54.&lt;br /&gt;
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Jin Wenlu 靳文璐(2019). 机器翻译可以取代人工翻译吗? [J]Can machine translation replace artificial translation?. 智库时代 Think Tank Times 40:282-284.&lt;br /&gt;
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Hu Kaibao Li Yi胡开宝，李翼(2016) 机器翻译特征及其与人工翻译关系的研究[J]Research on the Characteristics of Machine Translation and Its Relationship with Artificial Translation 中国翻译 Chinese Translators Journal 37：10-14&lt;br /&gt;
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Dai Weichang 戴伟长（1994）.国内外机器翻译进展状况[J]Progress of Machine Translation at Home and Abroad 软件世界 Software World 12:2-3&lt;br /&gt;
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Wang Huashu WangXin王华树 王鑫(2021) .人工智能时代的翻译技术研究: 应用场景、 现存问题与趋势展望[J]Translation Research in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Application Scenarios, Existing Problems and Trends 外国语文Foreign Language and Literature  1:9-17&lt;br /&gt;
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Xu Yican Liu Jibin徐一灿 刘继斌(2017) .机器翻译的现状和前景[J] Current Situation and Prospect of Machine Translation海外英语Overseas English(11):117-118&lt;br /&gt;
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Pang Yingyu 庞盈羽(2019) .谈机器翻译与人工翻译的关系——从机器翻译与计算机辅助翻译的发展角度[J]The Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation -- From the Perspective of the Development of Machine Translation and Computer-aided Translation 科学大众Popular Science 11:164-165&lt;br /&gt;
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Liu Tianze刘天泽（2019） 浅谈人工智能翻译和人工翻译的比较与展望[J] A Brief Discussion on the Comparison and Prospect of Artificial Intelligence Translation and Artificial Translation海外英语 Overseas English 16:46-47&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
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		<title>Machine Trans EN 9</title>
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		<updated>2021-12-15T12:09:04Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
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30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''9 谢佳芬 Machine Translation and Artificial Translation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译’’'&lt;br /&gt;
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'''谢佳芬 Xie Jiafen Hunan Normal University, China'''&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''谢佳芬 Xie Jiafen Hunan Normal University, China’''&lt;br /&gt;
'''9 谢佳芬 Machine Translation and Artificial Translation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译’’'&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of information technology, many industries are facing the competitive pressure of artificial intelligence, and so is the field of translation. Artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and combined with the field of translation，which has brought great impact and changes to traditional translation, but artificial intelligence translation and artificial translation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Artificial translation is in the leading position in adapting to human language logical habits and understanding characteristics, but in terms of translation threshold and economic value, the efficiency of artificial intelligence translation is even better. In a word, we need to know that machine translation and human translation are complementary rather than antagonistic.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Key Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Artificial Translation; Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
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===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译&lt;br /&gt;
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===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
伴随着信息技术的不断发展，多个行业面临着人工智能的竞争压力，翻译领域也是如此。人工智能技术快速发展并与翻译领域结合，人工智能翻译给传统翻译带来了巨大的冲击和变革，但人工智能翻译与人工翻译存在着各自的优劣特点和发展空间，在适应人类语言逻辑习惯和理解特点的翻译效果上，人工翻译处于领先地位，但在翻译门槛和经济价值上，人工智能翻译的效率则更胜一筹。总的来说，我们要知道机器翻译与人工翻译是互补而非对立的关系。&lt;br /&gt;
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===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译;人工翻译;人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
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===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
====1.1 The History of Machine Translation Aborad====&lt;br /&gt;
The research history of machine translation can be traced back to the 1930s and 1940s. In the early 1930s, the French scientist G.B. Alchuni put forward the idea of using machines for translation. In 1933, the Soviet inventor Troyansky designed a machine to translate one language into another.(Fan Yuxiao 2021:179)In 1946, the world's first modern electronic computer ENIAC was born. Soon after, American scientist Warren Weaver, a pioneer of information theory, put forward the idea of automatic language translation by computer in 1947. In 1949, Warren Weaver published a memorandum entitled Translation, which formally raised the issue of machine translation. In 1954, Georgetown University, with the cooperation of IBM, completed the English-Russian machine translation experiment with IBM-701 computer for the first time, which opened the prelude of machine translation research. (Dai Weichang 1994:2)In 2006, Google translation was officially released as a free service software, bringing a big upsurge of statistical machine translation research. It was Franz Och who joined Google in 2004 and led Google translation. What’s more, it is precisely because of the unremitting efforts of generations of scientists that science fiction has been brought into reality step by step.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2 The History of Machine Translation in China====&lt;br /&gt;
In 1956, the research and development of machine translation has been named in the scientific and technological work and made little achievements in China. On the eve of the tenth anniversary of the National Day in 1959, our country successfully carried out experiments, which translated nine different types of complicated sentences on large general-purpose electronic computers. The dictionary includes 2030 entries, and the grammar rule system consists of 29 circuit diagrams. (Liu Yongquan 1984:63) After a period of stagnation, China's machine translation ushered in a high-speed development stage after the 1980s in the wave of the third scientific and technological revolution. With the rapid development of economy and science and technology, China has made a qualitative leap in the field of machine translation research with the pace of reform and opening up. In 1978, Institute of Scientific and Technological Information of China, Institute of Computing Technology and Institute of Linguistics carried out an English-Chinese translation experiment with 20 Metallurgical Title examples as the objects and achieved satisfactory results. Subsequently, they developed a JYE-I machine translation system, which based on 200 sentences from metallurgical documents. Its principles and methods were also widely used in the machine translation system developed in the future. In addition, the research achievements of machine translation in China during the 1980s and 1990s also include that Institute of Post and Telecommunication Sciences developed a machine translation system, C Retrieval and automatic typesetting system with good performance and strong practicability in October 1986; In 1988, ISTC launched the ISTIC-I English-Chinese Title System for the translation of applied literature of metallurgy, Information Research Institute of Railway developed an English-Chinese Title Recording machine translation system for railway documents; the Language Institute of the Academy of Social Sciences developed &amp;quot;Tianyu&amp;quot; English-Chinese machine translation system and Matr English-Chinese machine translation system developed by the computer department of National University of Defense Technology. After many explorations and studies, machine translation in China has gradually moved towards application, popularization and commercialization. China Software Technology Corporation launched &amp;quot;Yixing I&amp;quot; in 1988, marking China's machine translation system officially going to the market. After &amp;quot;Yixing&amp;quot;, a series of machine translation systems such as Gaoli system in Beijing, Tongyi system in Tianjin and Langwei system in Shaanxi have also entered the public. In the 21st century, the development of a series of apps such as Kingsoft Powerword, Youdao translation and Baidu translation has greatly met the needs of ordinary users for translation. According to the working principle, machine translation has roughly experienced three stages: rule-based machine translation, statistics-based machine translation and deep learning based neural machine translation. (Li Li 2020:276)These three stages witnessed a leap in the quality of machine translation. Machine translation is more and more used in daily life and even the translation of some texts is almost comparable to artificial translation. In addition to text translation, voice translation, photo translation and other functions have also been listed, which provides great convenience for people's life. It is undeniable that machine translation has become the development trend of translation in the future.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.3 The Status Quo of Machine Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
In this big data era of information explosion, the prospect of machine translation is also bright. At present, the circular neural network system launched by Google has supported universal translation in more than 60 languages. Many Internet companies such as Microsoft Bing, Sogou, Tencent, Baidu and NetEase Youdao have also launched their own Internet free machine translation systems.(Liu Qun 2012:48) Users can obtain translation results free of charge by logging in to the corresponding websites. At present, the circular neural network translation system launched by Google can support real-time translation of more than 60 languages, and the domestic Baidu online machine translation system can also support real-time translation of 28 languages. These Internet online machine translation systems are suitable for a variety of terminal platforms such as mobile phone, PC, tablet and web and its functions are also quite diverse, supporting many translation forms, such as screen word selection, text scanning translation, photo translation, offline translation, web page translation and so on. Although its translation quality needs to be improved, it has been outstanding in the fields of daily dialogue, news translation and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
Generally speaking, machine translation has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, accurate term translation and great development potential and etc. Machine translation is fast and efficient, this is something that artificial translation can’t catch up with. In addition, with the continuous emergence of all kinds of translation software in the market, compared with artificial translation, machine translation is cheap and sometimes even free, which greatly saves the economic cost and time for users with low translation quality requirements. What's more, compared with artificial translation, machine translation has a huge corpus, which makes the translation of some terms, especially the latest scientific and technological terms, more rapid and accurate. The accurate translation of these terms requires the translator to constantly learn, but learning needs a process, which has a certain test on the translator's learning ability and learning speed. In this regard, artificial translation has uncertainty and hysteretic nature. At the same time, with the progress of science and technology and the development of society, the function of machine translation will be more perfect and the quality of translation will be better.Today's machine translation tools and software are easy to carry, all you need to do is just to use the software and electronic dictionary in the mobile phone. There is no need to carry paper dictionaries and books for translation, which saves time and space. At the same time, machine translation covers many fields and is suitable for translation practice in different situations, such as academic, education, commercial trade, social networking, tourism, production technology, etc, it is also easy to deal with various professional terms. However, due to the limitation of translators' own knowledge, artificial translation is often limited to one or a few fields or industries. For example, it is difficult for an interpreter specializing in medical English to translate legal English.&lt;br /&gt;
At the same time, machine translation also has its limitations. At first, machine can only operate word to word translation, which only plays the function and role of dictionary. Then, the application of syntax enables the process of sentence translation and it can be solved by using the direct translation method. When the original text and the target language are highly similar, it can be translated directly. For example, the original text &amp;quot;他是个老师.&amp;quot; The target language is &amp;quot;he is a teacher &amp;quot;. With the increase of the structural complexity of the original text, the effect of machine translation is greatly reduced. Therefore, at the syntactic level, machine translation still stays in sentences with relatively simple structure. Meanwhile, the original text and the results of machine translation cannot be interchanged equally, indicating that English-Chinese translation has strong randomness, and is not rigorous and scientific enough. &lt;br /&gt;
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Nowadays, machine translation is highly dependent on parallel corpora, but the construction of parallel corpora is not perfect. At present, the resources of some mainstream languages such as Chinese and English are relatively rich, while the data collection of many small languages is not satisfactory. Moreover, the current corpus is mainly concentrated in the fields of government literature, science and technology, current affairs and news, while there is a serious lack of data in other fields, which can’t reflect the advantages of machine translation. At the same time, corpus construction lags behind. Some informative texts introducing the latest cutting-edge research results often spread the latest academic knowledge and use a large number of new professional terms, such as academic papers and teaching materials while the corpus often lacks the corresponding words of the target language, which makes machine translation powerless&lt;br /&gt;
Besides, machine translation is not culturally sensitive. Human may never be able to program machines to understand and experience a particular culture. Different cultures have unique and different language systems, and machines do not have complexity to understand or recognize slang, jargon, puns and idioms. Therefore, their translation may not conform to cultural values and specific norms. This is also one of the challenges that the machine needs to overcome.(Jin Wenlu 2019:282)Artificial intelligence may have human abstract thinking ability in the future, but it is difficult to have image thinking ability including imagination and emotion.(Hu Kaibao, Li Yi: 2016:11) Therefore, machine translation is often used in news, science and technology, patents, specifications and other text fields with the purpose of fact description, knowledge and information transmission. These words rarely involve emotional and cultural background. When translating expressive texts, the limitations of machine translation are exposed. The so-called expressive text refers to the text that pays attention to emotional expression and is full of imagination. Its main characteristics are subjectivity, emotion and imagination, such as novels, poetry, prose, art and so on. This kind of text attaches importance to the emotional expression of the author or character image, and uses a lot of metaphors, symbols and other expressions. Machine translation is difficult to catch up with artificial translation in this kind of text, it can only translate the main idea, lack of connotation and literary grace and it cannot have subjective feelings and rational analysis like human beings. In fact, it is not difficult to simulate the human brain, the difficulty is that it is impossible to learn from the rich social experience and life experience of excellent translators. In other words, machine translation lacks the personalization and creativity of human translation. It is this personalization and creativity that promote the development and evolution of language, and what machine translation can only output is mechanical &amp;quot;machine language&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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===3.The Irreplaceability of Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
====3.1 Translation is Constrained by Context====&lt;br /&gt;
At present, machine translation can help people deal with language communication in people's daily life and work, such as clothing, food, housing and transportation, but there is a big gap from the &amp;quot;faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance&amp;quot; emphasized by high-level translation. Language itself is art，which pays more attention to artistry than functionality, and the discipline of art is difficult to quantify and unify. Sometimes it is regular, rigorous, logical and clear, and sometimes it is random, free and logical. If it is translated by machine, it is difficult to grasp this degree. Sometimes, machine translation cannot connect words with contextual meaning. In many languages, the same word may have multiple completely unrelated meanings. In this case, context will have a great impact on word meaning, and the understanding of word meaning depends largely on the meaning read from context. Only human beings can combine words with context, determine their true meaning, and creatively adjust and modify the language to obtain a complete and accurate translation. This is undoubtedly very difficult for machine translation. Artificial translation can get rid of the constraints of the source language and translate the translation in line with the grammar, sentence patterns and word habits of the target language. In the process of translation, translators can use their own knowledge reserves to analyze the differences between the source language and the target language in thinking mode, cultural characteristics, social background, customs and habits, so as to translate a more accurate translation. Artificial translation can also add, delete, domesticate, modify and polish the translation according to the style, make up for the lack of culture, try to maintain the thought, artistic conception and charm of the original text and the style of the source language. In addition, translators can also judge and consider the words with multiple meanings or easy to produce ambiguity according to the context, so as to make the translation more clear and more accurate and improve the quality of the translation.&lt;br /&gt;
====3.2 Literary Translation is Inseparable from Human Participation====&lt;br /&gt;
Literary works express human rich thoughts and emotions, which contain profound cultural connotation. Only by clarifying the cultural background of the work and guessing the emotion expressed in the work can the translator feel it. However, the machine itself has neither emotion nor humanistic feelings, so how can it make a translation with human emotion. Although machine translation in the era of artificial intelligence has made great progress and can help people deal with some translation work, it is still difficult to reach the high standard and realm of translation. However, the current machine translation can’t take into account the cultural differences and language habits between the two languages. The translated literary works are difficult to understand or even twist its original meaning. While a good translator not only master the cultural background knowledge of the source language and the target language, also the translator can take into account the differences between the two languages and cultures, feel the emotions contained in the works, figure out the ideas the author wants to express, so as to translate more authentic works.&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Future Development Trend of Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
====4.1 Deep Integration of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation and artificial translation both complement , improve and develop with each other On the one hand, machine translation has indeed made great progress, brought changes in the field of translation, and saved a lot of time and energy for translators. From artificial intelligence to machine intelligence weak artificial intelligence (ANI) focuses on completing a specific task, such as speech recognition, image recognition and translation, so it is an artificial intelligence that is good at a single aspect. (Wang Huashu 2021:10)Strong artificial intelligence (AGI) is usually able to think, plan, solve problems, abstract thinking, understand complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience. Its system includes learning, language, cognition, reasoning, creation and planning and the goal is to enable artificial intelligence to deal with unprecedented details in the case of unsupervised learning, and carry out interactive learning with human beings at the same time.&lt;br /&gt;
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Driven by artificial intelligence technology, the mode of translation will roughly go through several stages, such as artificial translation, artificial translation with machine assistance, machine translation with artificial assistance, and intelligent machine translation. From traditional translation to machine translation with post-editing mode, from traditional interpretation to machine assisted interpretation, the degree of human-computer interaction is becoming higher and higher. At present, it is changing from artificial translation with machine assistance to machine translation with artificial assistance. In the future, a highly intelligent translation system will automatically connect all the resources required for translation, give full play to the advantages of artificial intelligence, focus the wisdom of translators on more valuable and creative work, and greatly liberate the workload of translation. For example, when doing some simple non-literary translation texts, machine translation can quickly complete a lot of translation work, which is unmatched by artificial translation. On the other hand, although the current machine translation has made a great breakthrough and can carry out some translation work, there are still some translation work that machine translation is not competent, such as literary translation, publishing publications and books, etc. The reason is that the existing technical level has not yet reached the point of replacing artificial translation. Therefore, we should not only improve our translation level, but also keep pace with the times, so as to be more competitive. In short, machine translation is inseparable from artificial translation. Artificial translation also needs the assistance of machine translation and the deep integration of the two will be the general trend. In the process of translation, we can combine the advantages of the two and learn from each other, which can not only improve efficiency, reduce the labor intensity of the translator, but also improve the quality of the translation. However, it is undeniable that in this process, some low-level translators will face the risk of elimination.&lt;br /&gt;
====4.2 Technicalization of Artificial Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Under the guidance of advanced information technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data, the technicalization of artificial translation will become an inevitable trend of artificial translation in the future. First of all, machine translation under artificial intelligence technology has triggered profound changes in the way and content of translation. In this context, translators should not only improve their professional translation ability, but also learn and apply new technologies, so as to be more competitive under the background of artificial intelligence. The current translation market requires translators to use some translation tools, which may be the future development trend. If translators know nothing about new translation technologies, it will be difficult to survive in the technical translation environment. This requires translators to keep pace with the times, learn and master the technical skills related to translation, and apply them to practice. So that when facing different translation scenarios and translation tasks, machine translation and artificial translation can work together. Machine translation will do some simple, basic and repetitive work, so as to save a lot of time and energy for translators to do some more complex work, so that translators can give full play to their advantages in their fields.&lt;br /&gt;
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===5. Discussion on the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
====5.1 Competition====&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous progress of science and technology, machine translation will play a more and more important role. However, the different characteristics of machine translation and artificial translation determine that they will have different markets. Those regular and stylized translation work will be gradually replaced by machine translation, which will occupy a dominant position in the middle and low-end translation market. For example, ordinary texts such as daily communication, instant messaging, e-mail and Wechat do not need very accurate and professional translation, and machine translation is enough to meet their needs. High-end artificial translation talents are still in short supply. For example, political discourse, legal documents and medical documents that require high translation accuracy . Take the political discourse as an example，political discourse often represents the national image and belongs to a very sensitive topic. A slight error will cause irreparable consequences and even affect international relations. For another example, literature, art and other fields with high requirements for imagination and creativity need artificial translation to assume humanistic responsibility while machine translation cannot make a perfect judgment in this regard. In the future, the division of labor between machine translation and artificial translation in the target market will gradually become clear. Machine translation and artificial translation will compete in different positioning markets. Moreover, we can see from the meaning and actual work of machine translation that compared with artificial translation, it is convenient to use, has no location restrictions, switches between multiple languages at any time and supports paragraph translation. As long as there is a network, it can be translated with high convenience and efficiency. Compared with online translation, artificial translation has higher flexibility, stronger pertinence and lower error rate. Taking simultaneous interpretation as an example, simultaneous interpretation is a very difficult interlingual conversion activity strictly limited by time, which requires the interpreter to quickly complete the prediction, understanding, memory and conversion of the source language information in a very short time with the help of the existing subject knowledge while listening to the source language, and to monitor, organize, modify and express the target language. Simultaneous interpretation translators have solid language skills, mature experience of conferences, and master extensive knowledge is an important prerequisite for doing well in simultaneous interpreting. And these are machine translation can’t be completed.&lt;br /&gt;
====5.2 Integration====&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.1 Complementarity Between Simple Translation and Complex Translation=====&lt;br /&gt;
Because machine translation can better translate some simple sentences and paragraphs, which can liberate translators from focusing on simple translation in terms of translation complexity, so that translators can have more time and energy to carry out some more complex translation work, for example, some texts with high national customs, foreign literary works with profound meaning, and texts using special rhetorical skills. In addition, laws and regulations, contracts and other texts have the highest requirements for quality, those texts need translation's standardization and accuracy, so artificial translation is safer. Literary and artistic texts focus on aesthetics and interest, so the style of the translation is pretty significant, which cannot be achieved by machine translation with only rationality and lack of humanistic cultivation. Some texts, such as product specifications, science and technology, economy and trade, news, etc., have moderate requirements for the quality of translation, and can adopt the mode of human-machine cooperation. There are usually two main modes: pre-editing + machine translation + post-editing and machine translation + post-editing. Pre-editing usually involves two parts: format processing and language processing, which refers to the structural modification of the text before machine translation. Its purpose is to reduce semantic ambiguity and make it conform to the logical mode of machine translation, so as to improve the accuracy and readability of the translation and reduce the workload of post-editing. However, no matter how intelligent the machine is and how long the translator spends on pre-editing, a certain proportion of the text that has not been successfully translated, so we still need the post-editing of machine translation. Therefore, it can be seen that machine translation and artificial translation are not antagonistic. The relationship between them should be a clear division of labor and complement each other.&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.2Complementarity Between Old and New Translation Tasks=====&lt;br /&gt;
Because machine translation has certain learning ability in some aspects, for example, based on its self-learning ability of neural network, it can memorize the existing programmatic expressions, terms and paragraphs in its database, and can translate them better and more accurately when it encounters similar sentence patterns next time so as to effectively avoid the problems of inconsistent terminology and inconsistent expression caused by the participation of many people in the translation project. Therefore, machine translation can achieve the purpose of saving translation human resources, so that they can better invest in the research and discussion of the translation of emerging terms or important expressions, and make them have stronger translation behavior.&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.3The Complementarity of Translation Scenarios=====&lt;br /&gt;
Due to its fast and convenient characteristics, machine translation can be better qualified for the application scenarios with loose translation quality and content requirements, such as daily communication, web browsing, information acquisition and so on. At present, the translation software developed in the market has basically changed from translation to faster intelligent voice real-time translation, which is welcomed by the majority of users. For more professional application scenarios, such as high-level meetings, negotiations and litigation, both translators and interpreters need more professional senior translators. For example, in some specific environments, only artificial translation can meet the translation needs, such as the translation of seven national languages in the national two sessions and congress of party representatives. Under these circumstances, only flexible artificial translation can work well. No matter whether the translation of paper documents or simultaneous interpreting at the scene requires professionals with rich experience in party and professional experience, they are determined by the seriousness and particularity of the translation scenario.&lt;br /&gt;
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The rapid development of machine translation has indeed brought convenience to the public and produced certain economic benefits, but we can't exaggerate the effectiveness of machine translation. Some so-called professionals exaggerate the power of technology while ignoring the humanistic side of translation. The reason why translation activities thrive is that different nations and countries need cultural and ideological exchanges. One-sided emphasis on science and technology or humanities is an extreme approach. The correct approach is to integrate science and technology with humanities. We should not only pay attention to the convenience of machine translation technology, but also give full play to the subjectivity of translators. No matter how developed artificial intelligence is, it is only a product developed by human beings, and its ultimate goal is to serve human beings. In the increasingly developed era of informatization and specialization, translation professionals need to embrace new technologies, learn and apply new technologies to improve their professional translation ability with the help of machine translation technology, so as to make translation faster and better. Translation majors are highly practical, practical and professional. It can be predicted that the future manual interpreter should be a combination of bilingual ability and computer software development ability. What's more, translators should learn to use machine translation and strengthen their own translation technology application ability, which is a new model of translation in the future. But at the same time, we should also see that translation is a humanities. The translator is not only a cultural messenger, but also a guardian of language. Translation is not a simple conversion of words and sounds. Its essence is the communication and dissemination of body, mind and thinking between different cultures. The temperature, thickness and purity of human nature in interpersonal and cultural communication, and the skills, creativity and wisdom embodied in human translation are beyond the reach of machine translation. At the same time, the translator is the guardian of language. If thinkers and poets are the guardians of language, a translator with thinking, creativity and artistic sense also undertakes this responsibility. Regarding the translator as the guardian of language is the affirmation and understanding of the identity of the artificial translator. On the one hand, it avoids the erosion of the natural language by the machine translation, on the other hand, it is conducive to the exertion of the subjectivity of the artificial translator. Machine translation takes into account the transmission and accuracy of information, but it cannot take into account the polysemy, fuzziness and creativity of language. However, it is the polysemy, fuzziness and creativity of language that makes our life full of spirituality, beauty and vitality.&lt;br /&gt;
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===6.Suggestions for the Combined Development of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
====6.1 Reasonable Division of Labor====&lt;br /&gt;
First of all, we should speed up the training of translation talents so that senior translation talents can match the number of machine translation. In this way, when dealing with relevant translation business, we can achieve high business efficiency, good content and quality. Secondly, while accelerating the formation of the industry, relevant state departments should give certain policy support to improve the industry status of translators, have certain professional certification for professional translation content, raise the employment threshold of the translation industry, filter out those who are not professional, leave those with good skills and increase those with ability, In this way, the translation industry can form a certain scale industry in the high-end field. The formation of the industry also requires large-scale assembly line operation to meet the needs of manual translation, supplemented by the processing capacity of machine translation for medium and low-end content, so as to solve the problems of slow translation speed and high price in the past.&lt;br /&gt;
====6.2 Both Need to be Improved====&lt;br /&gt;
So far, the universal application of machine translation still focuses on the written form. Although Google and other companies have made attempts and achieved some achievements in machine interpretation, the technology of machine interpretation is still not mature enough. The author's proposal is not to replace artificial interpretation with machine interpretation, but to realize the intelligence of the middle and low-end market like written translation. In addition, artificial translation still needs to be refined. The requirements for translators should not only focus on the mastery of language, but also absorb more skilled personnel with professional background knowledge to join the professional translation team. The future industry integration will eliminate some translators with weak professional background knowledge. At the same time, expand the training mode of translation major in colleges and universities so that students can have more opportunities to participate in social practice. Meanwhile, colleges and universities should timely understand the needs of the industry, and carefully train students from the basic stage of freshman and sophomore, so as to make students more targeted for future employment.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
With the advent of the era of artificial intelligence, AI technology is affecting the development of translation on an unprecedented scale and speed, causing profound changes in the translation industry. On the one hand, machine translation at this stage has made great achievements, gradually penetrated into our life and work, and has been applied in many fields, which has brought great convenience to our life and work; On the other hand, there are many problems in machine translation，such as cultural differences and emotional factors in language, which makes it difficult for machine translation to replace artificial translation. Since machine translation and artificial translation have their own advantages, we need to face how to integrate them efficiently, so as to give full play to their advantages and improve translation efficiency and quality. Although the development prospect of machine translation is very bright, the scope of application of machine translation and translation technology is limited. It is mainly used in general news reports, scientific and technological texts and other highly repetitive texts, which cannot completely replace artificial translation. Even the most advanced neural machine translation system has only achieved good results in the fields of daily conversation, news translation and so on. Literary texts are highly metaphorical. Machine translation and translation technology can only be used as auxiliary translation means to serve professional translators. Machine translation and artificial intelligence will not replace human creativity and imagination, but will improve the quality of translation and avoid boring and repetitive translation work. The improvement of machine translation requires the joint efforts of computer science, information science, statistics, linguistics and other academic circles, so as to realize more mature man-machine mutual assistance translation. In general, machine translation is not only a challenge, but also an opportunity. If we want to turn the challenge into an opportunity, we must constantly improve our competitiveness, keep pace with the times, make full use of new technologies related to translation, and jointly create a new era of &amp;quot;man and machines dancing together&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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Pang Yingyu 庞盈羽(2019) .谈机器翻译与人工翻译的关系——从机器翻译与计算机辅助翻译的发展角度[J]The Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation -- From the Perspective of the Development of Machine Translation and Computer-aided Translation 科学大众Popular Science 11:164-165&lt;br /&gt;
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Liu Tianze刘天泽（2019） 浅谈人工智能翻译和人工翻译的比较与展望[J] A Brief Discussion on the Comparison and Prospect of Artificial Intelligence Translation and Artificial Translation海外英语 Overseas English 16:46-47&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
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		<title>Machine Trans EN 9</title>
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		<updated>2021-12-13T12:13:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
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30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
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'''9 谢佳芬 Machine Translation and Artificial Translation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译’’'&lt;br /&gt;
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'''谢佳芬 Xie Jiafen Hunan Normal University, China'''&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of information technology, many industries are facing the competitive pressure of artificial intelligence, and so is the field of translation. Artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and combined with the field of translation，which has brought great impact and changes to traditional translation, but artificial intelligence translation and artificial translation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Artificial translation is in the leading position in adapting to human language logical habits and understanding characteristics, but in terms of translation threshold and economic value, the efficiency of artificial intelligence translation is even better. In a word, we need to know that machine translation and human translation are complementary rather than antagonistic.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Key Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Artificial Translation; Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
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===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译&lt;br /&gt;
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===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
伴随着信息技术的不断发展，多个行业面临着人工智能的竞争压力，翻译领域也是如此。人工智能技术快速发展并与翻译领域结合，人工智能翻译给传统翻译带来了巨大的冲击和变革，但人工智能翻译与人工翻译存在着各自的优劣特点和发展空间，在适应人类语言逻辑习惯和理解特点的翻译效果上，人工翻译处于领先地位，但在翻译门槛和经济价值上，人工智能翻译的效率则更胜一筹。总的来说，我们要知道机器翻译与人工翻译是互补而非对立的关系。&lt;br /&gt;
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===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译;人工翻译;人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
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===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
====1.1 The History of Machine Translation Aborad====&lt;br /&gt;
The research history of machine translation can be traced back to the 1930s and 1940s. In the early 1930s, the French scientist G.B. Alchuni put forward the idea of using machines for translation. In 1933, the Soviet inventor Troyansky designed a machine to translate one language into another.(Fan Yuxiao 2021:179)In 1946, the world's first modern electronic computer ENIAC was born. Soon after, American scientist Warren Weaver, a pioneer of information theory, put forward the idea of automatic language translation by computer in 1947. In 1949, Warren Weaver published a memorandum entitled Translation, which formally raised the issue of machine translation. In 1954, Georgetown University, with the cooperation of IBM, completed the English-Russian machine translation experiment with IBM-701 computer for the first time, which opened the prelude of machine translation research. (Dai Weichang 1994:2)In 2006, Google translation was officially released as a free service software, bringing a big upsurge of statistical machine translation research. It was Franz Och who joined Google in 2004 and led Google translation. What’s more, it is precisely because of the unremitting efforts of generations of scientists that science fiction has been brought into reality step by step.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2 The History of Machine Translation in China====&lt;br /&gt;
In 1956, the research and development of machine translation has been named in the scientific and technological work and made little achievements in China. On the eve of the tenth anniversary of the National Day in 1959, our country successfully carried out experiments, which translated nine different types of complicated sentences on large general-purpose electronic computers. The dictionary includes 2030 entries, and the grammar rule system consists of 29 circuit diagrams. (Liu Yongquan 1984:63) After a period of stagnation, China's machine translation ushered in a high-speed development stage after the 1980s in the wave of the third scientific and technological revolution. With the rapid development of economy and science and technology, China has made a qualitative leap in the field of machine translation research with the pace of reform and opening up. In 1978, Institute of Scientific and Technological Information of China, Institute of Computing Technology and Institute of Linguistics carried out an English-Chinese translation experiment with 20 Metallurgical Title examples as the objects and achieved satisfactory results. Subsequently, they developed a JYE-I machine translation system, which based on 200 sentences from metallurgical documents. Its principles and methods were also widely used in the machine translation system developed in the future. In addition, the research achievements of machine translation in China during the 1980s and 1990s also include that Institute of Post and Telecommunication Sciences developed a machine translation system, C Retrieval and automatic typesetting system with good performance and strong practicability in October 1986; In 1988, ISTC launched the ISTIC-I English-Chinese Title System for the translation of applied literature of metallurgy, Information Research Institute of Railway developed an English-Chinese Title Recording machine translation system for railway documents; the Language Institute of the Academy of Social Sciences developed &amp;quot;Tianyu&amp;quot; English-Chinese machine translation system and Matr English-Chinese machine translation system developed by the computer department of National University of Defense Technology. After many explorations and studies, machine translation in China has gradually moved towards application, popularization and commercialization. China Software Technology Corporation launched &amp;quot;Yixing I&amp;quot; in 1988, marking China's machine translation system officially going to the market. After &amp;quot;Yixing&amp;quot;, a series of machine translation systems such as Gaoli system in Beijing, Tongyi system in Tianjin and Langwei system in Shaanxi have also entered the public. In the 21st century, the development of a series of apps such as Kingsoft Powerword, Youdao translation and Baidu translation has greatly met the needs of ordinary users for translation. According to the working principle, machine translation has roughly experienced three stages: rule-based machine translation, statistics-based machine translation and deep learning based neural machine translation. (Li Li 2020:276)These three stages witnessed a leap in the quality of machine translation. Machine translation is more and more used in daily life and even the translation of some texts is almost comparable to artificial translation. In addition to text translation, voice translation, photo translation and other functions have also been listed, which provides great convenience for people's life. It is undeniable that machine translation has become the development trend of translation in the future.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.3 The Status Quo of Machine Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
In this big data era of information explosion, the prospect of machine translation is also bright. At present, the circular neural network system launched by Google has supported universal translation in more than 60 languages. Many Internet companies such as Microsoft Bing, Sogou, Tencent, Baidu and NetEase Youdao have also launched their own Internet free machine translation systems.(Liu Qun 2012:48) Users can obtain translation results free of charge by logging in to the corresponding websites. At present, the circular neural network translation system launched by Google can support real-time translation of more than 60 languages, and the domestic Baidu online machine translation system can also support real-time translation of 28 languages. These Internet online machine translation systems are suitable for a variety of terminal platforms such as mobile phone, PC, tablet and web and its functions are also quite diverse, supporting many translation forms, such as screen word selection, text scanning translation, photo translation, offline translation, web page translation and so on. Although its translation quality needs to be improved, it has been outstanding in the fields of daily dialogue, news translation and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
Generally speaking, machine translation has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, accurate term translation and great development potential and etc. Machine translation is fast and efficient, this is something that artificial translation can’t catch up with. In addition, with the continuous emergence of all kinds of translation software in the market, compared with artificial translation, machine translation is cheap and sometimes even free, which greatly saves the economic cost and time for users with low translation quality requirements. What's more, compared with artificial translation, machine translation has a huge corpus, which makes the translation of some terms, especially the latest scientific and technological terms, more rapid and accurate. The accurate translation of these terms requires the translator to constantly learn, but learning needs a process, which has a certain test on the translator's learning ability and learning speed. In this regard, artificial translation has uncertainty and hysteretic nature. At the same time, with the progress of science and technology and the development of society, the function of machine translation will be more perfect and the quality of translation will be better.Today's machine translation tools and software are easy to carry, all you need to do is just to use the software and electronic dictionary in the mobile phone. There is no need to carry paper dictionaries and books for translation, which saves time and space. At the same time, machine translation covers many fields and is suitable for translation practice in different situations, such as academic, education, commercial trade, social networking, tourism, production technology, etc, it is also easy to deal with various professional terms. However, due to the limitation of translators' own knowledge, artificial translation is often limited to one or a few fields or industries. For example, it is difficult for an interpreter specializing in medical English to translate legal English.&lt;br /&gt;
At the same time, machine translation also has its limitations. At first, machine can only operate word to word translation, which only plays the function and role of dictionary. Then, the application of syntax enables the process of sentence translation and it can be solved by using the direct translation method. When the original text and the target language are highly similar, it can be translated directly. For example, the original text &amp;quot;他是个老师.&amp;quot; The target language is &amp;quot;he is a teacher &amp;quot;. With the increase of the structural complexity of the original text, the effect of machine translation is greatly reduced. Therefore, at the syntactic level, machine translation still stays in sentences with relatively simple structure. Meanwhile, the original text and the results of machine translation cannot be interchanged equally, indicating that English-Chinese translation has strong randomness, and is not rigorous and scientific enough. &lt;br /&gt;
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Nowadays, machine translation is highly dependent on parallel corpora, but the construction of parallel corpora is not perfect. At present, the resources of some mainstream languages such as Chinese and English are relatively rich, while the data collection of many small languages is not satisfactory. Moreover, the current corpus is mainly concentrated in the fields of government literature, science and technology, current affairs and news, while there is a serious lack of data in other fields, which can’t reflect the advantages of machine translation. At the same time, corpus construction lags behind. Some informative texts introducing the latest cutting-edge research results often spread the latest academic knowledge and use a large number of new professional terms, such as academic papers and teaching materials while the corpus often lacks the corresponding words of the target language, which makes machine translation powerless&lt;br /&gt;
Besides, machine translation is not culturally sensitive. Human may never be able to program machines to understand and experience a particular culture. Different cultures have unique and different language systems, and machines do not have complexity to understand or recognize slang, jargon, puns and idioms. Therefore, their translation may not conform to cultural values and specific norms. This is also one of the challenges that the machine needs to overcome.(Jin Wenlu 2019:282)Artificial intelligence may have human abstract thinking ability in the future, but it is difficult to have image thinking ability including imagination and emotion.(Hu Kaibao, Li Yi: 2016:11) Therefore, machine translation is often used in news, science and technology, patents, specifications and other text fields with the purpose of fact description, knowledge and information transmission. These words rarely involve emotional and cultural background. When translating expressive texts, the limitations of machine translation are exposed. The so-called expressive text refers to the text that pays attention to emotional expression and is full of imagination. Its main characteristics are subjectivity, emotion and imagination, such as novels, poetry, prose, art and so on. This kind of text attaches importance to the emotional expression of the author or character image, and uses a lot of metaphors, symbols and other expressions. Machine translation is difficult to catch up with artificial translation in this kind of text, it can only translate the main idea, lack of connotation and literary grace and it cannot have subjective feelings and rational analysis like human beings. In fact, it is not difficult to simulate the human brain, the difficulty is that it is impossible to learn from the rich social experience and life experience of excellent translators. In other words, machine translation lacks the personalization and creativity of human translation. It is this personalization and creativity that promote the development and evolution of language, and what machine translation can only output is mechanical &amp;quot;machine language&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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===3.The Irreplaceability of Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
====3.1 Translation is Constrained by Context====&lt;br /&gt;
At present, machine translation can help people deal with language communication in people's daily life and work, such as clothing, food, housing and transportation, but there is a big gap from the &amp;quot;faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance&amp;quot; emphasized by high-level translation. Language itself is art，which pays more attention to artistry than functionality, and the discipline of art is difficult to quantify and unify. Sometimes it is regular, rigorous, logical and clear, and sometimes it is random, free and logical. If it is translated by machine, it is difficult to grasp this degree. Sometimes, machine translation cannot connect words with contextual meaning. In many languages, the same word may have multiple completely unrelated meanings. In this case, context will have a great impact on word meaning, and the understanding of word meaning depends largely on the meaning read from context. Only human beings can combine words with context, determine their true meaning, and creatively adjust and modify the language to obtain a complete and accurate translation. This is undoubtedly very difficult for machine translation. Artificial translation can get rid of the constraints of the source language and translate the translation in line with the grammar, sentence patterns and word habits of the target language. In the process of translation, translators can use their own knowledge reserves to analyze the differences between the source language and the target language in thinking mode, cultural characteristics, social background, customs and habits, so as to translate a more accurate translation. Artificial translation can also add, delete, domesticate, modify and polish the translation according to the style, make up for the lack of culture, try to maintain the thought, artistic conception and charm of the original text and the style of the source language. In addition, translators can also judge and consider the words with multiple meanings or easy to produce ambiguity according to the context, so as to make the translation more clear and more accurate and improve the quality of the translation.&lt;br /&gt;
====3.2 Literary Translation is Inseparable from Human Participation====&lt;br /&gt;
Literary works express human rich thoughts and emotions, which contain profound cultural connotation. Only by clarifying the cultural background of the work and guessing the emotion expressed in the work can the translator feel it. However, the machine itself has neither emotion nor humanistic feelings, so how can it make a translation with human emotion. Although machine translation in the era of artificial intelligence has made great progress and can help people deal with some translation work, it is still difficult to reach the high standard and realm of translation. However, the current machine translation can’t take into account the cultural differences and language habits between the two languages. The translated literary works are difficult to understand or even twist its original meaning. While a good translator not only master the cultural background knowledge of the source language and the target language, also the translator can take into account the differences between the two languages and cultures, feel the emotions contained in the works, figure out the ideas the author wants to express, so as to translate more authentic works.&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Future Development Trend of Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
====4.1 Deep Integration of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation and artificial translation both complement , improve and develop with each other On the one hand, machine translation has indeed made great progress, brought changes in the field of translation, and saved a lot of time and energy for translators. From artificial intelligence to machine intelligence weak artificial intelligence (ANI) focuses on completing a specific task, such as speech recognition, image recognition and translation, so it is an artificial intelligence that is good at a single aspect. (Wang Huashu 2021:10)Strong artificial intelligence (AGI) is usually able to think, plan, solve problems, abstract thinking, understand complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience. Its system includes learning, language, cognition, reasoning, creation and planning and the goal is to enable artificial intelligence to deal with unprecedented details in the case of unsupervised learning, and carry out interactive learning with human beings at the same time.&lt;br /&gt;
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Driven by artificial intelligence technology, the mode of translation will roughly go through several stages, such as artificial translation, artificial translation with machine assistance, machine translation with artificial assistance, and intelligent machine translation. From traditional translation to machine translation with post-editing mode, from traditional interpretation to machine assisted interpretation, the degree of human-computer interaction is becoming higher and higher. At present, it is changing from artificial translation with machine assistance to machine translation with artificial assistance. In the future, a highly intelligent translation system will automatically connect all the resources required for translation, give full play to the advantages of artificial intelligence, focus the wisdom of translators on more valuable and creative work, and greatly liberate the workload of translation. For example, when doing some simple non-literary translation texts, machine translation can quickly complete a lot of translation work, which is unmatched by artificial translation. On the other hand, although the current machine translation has made a great breakthrough and can carry out some translation work, there are still some translation work that machine translation is not competent, such as literary translation, publishing publications and books, etc. The reason is that the existing technical level has not yet reached the point of replacing artificial translation. Therefore, we should not only improve our translation level, but also keep pace with the times, so as to be more competitive. In short, machine translation is inseparable from artificial translation. Artificial translation also needs the assistance of machine translation and the deep integration of the two will be the general trend. In the process of translation, we can combine the advantages of the two and learn from each other, which can not only improve efficiency, reduce the labor intensity of the translator, but also improve the quality of the translation. However, it is undeniable that in this process, some low-level translators will face the risk of elimination.&lt;br /&gt;
====4.2 Technicalization of Artificial Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Under the guidance of advanced information technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data, the technicalization of artificial translation will become an inevitable trend of artificial translation in the future. First of all, machine translation under artificial intelligence technology has triggered profound changes in the way and content of translation. In this context, translators should not only improve their professional translation ability, but also learn and apply new technologies, so as to be more competitive under the background of artificial intelligence. The current translation market requires translators to use some translation tools, which may be the future development trend. If translators know nothing about new translation technologies, it will be difficult to survive in the technical translation environment. This requires translators to keep pace with the times, learn and master the technical skills related to translation, and apply them to practice. So that when facing different translation scenarios and translation tasks, machine translation and artificial translation can work together. Machine translation will do some simple, basic and repetitive work, so as to save a lot of time and energy for translators to do some more complex work, so that translators can give full play to their advantages in their fields.&lt;br /&gt;
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===5. Discussion on the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
====5.1 Competition====&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous progress of science and technology, machine translation will play a more and more important role. However, the different characteristics of machine translation and artificial translation determine that they will have different markets. Those regular and stylized translation work will be gradually replaced by machine translation, which will occupy a dominant position in the middle and low-end translation market. For example, ordinary texts such as daily communication, instant messaging, e-mail and Wechat do not need very accurate and professional translation, and machine translation is enough to meet their needs. High-end artificial translation talents are still in short supply. For example, political discourse, legal documents and medical documents that require high translation accuracy . Take the political discourse as an example，political discourse often represents the national image and belongs to a very sensitive topic. A slight error will cause irreparable consequences and even affect international relations. For another example, literature, art and other fields with high requirements for imagination and creativity need artificial translation to assume humanistic responsibility while machine translation cannot make a perfect judgment in this regard. In the future, the division of labor between machine translation and artificial translation in the target market will gradually become clear. Machine translation and artificial translation will compete in different positioning markets. Moreover, we can see from the meaning and actual work of machine translation that compared with artificial translation, it is convenient to use, has no location restrictions, switches between multiple languages at any time and supports paragraph translation. As long as there is a network, it can be translated with high convenience and efficiency. Compared with online translation, artificial translation has higher flexibility, stronger pertinence and lower error rate. Taking simultaneous interpretation as an example, simultaneous interpretation is a very difficult interlingual conversion activity strictly limited by time, which requires the interpreter to quickly complete the prediction, understanding, memory and conversion of the source language information in a very short time with the help of the existing subject knowledge while listening to the source language, and to monitor, organize, modify and express the target language. Simultaneous interpretation translators have solid language skills, mature experience of conferences, and master extensive knowledge is an important prerequisite for doing well in simultaneous interpreting. And these are machine translation can’t be completed.&lt;br /&gt;
====5.2 Integration====&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.1 Complementarity Between Simple Translation and Complex Translation=====&lt;br /&gt;
Because machine translation can better translate some simple sentences and paragraphs, which can liberate translators from focusing on simple translation in terms of translation complexity, so that translators can have more time and energy to carry out some more complex translation work, for example, some texts with high national customs, foreign literary works with profound meaning, and texts using special rhetorical skills. In addition, laws and regulations, contracts and other texts have the highest requirements for quality, those texts need translation's standardization and accuracy, so artificial translation is safer. Literary and artistic texts focus on aesthetics and interest, so the style of the translation is pretty significant, which cannot be achieved by machine translation with only rationality and lack of humanistic cultivation. Some texts, such as product specifications, science and technology, economy and trade, news, etc., have moderate requirements for the quality of translation, and can adopt the mode of human-machine cooperation. There are usually two main modes: pre-editing + machine translation + post-editing and machine translation + post-editing. Pre-editing usually involves two parts: format processing and language processing, which refers to the structural modification of the text before machine translation. Its purpose is to reduce semantic ambiguity and make it conform to the logical mode of machine translation, so as to improve the accuracy and readability of the translation and reduce the workload of post-editing. However, no matter how intelligent the machine is and how long the translator spends on pre-editing, a certain proportion of the text that has not been successfully translated, so we still need the post-editing of machine translation. Therefore, it can be seen that machine translation and artificial translation are not antagonistic. The relationship between them should be a clear division of labor and complement each other.&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.2Complementarity Between Old and New Translation Tasks=====&lt;br /&gt;
Because machine translation has certain learning ability in some aspects, for example, based on its self-learning ability of neural network, it can memorize the existing programmatic expressions, terms and paragraphs in its database, and can translate them better and more accurately when it encounters similar sentence patterns next time so as to effectively avoid the problems of inconsistent terminology and inconsistent expression caused by the participation of many people in the translation project. Therefore, machine translation can achieve the purpose of saving translation human resources, so that they can better invest in the research and discussion of the translation of emerging terms or important expressions, and make them have stronger translation behavior.&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.3The Complementarity of Translation Scenarios=====&lt;br /&gt;
Due to its fast and convenient characteristics, machine translation can be better qualified for the application scenarios with loose translation quality and content requirements, such as daily communication, web browsing, information acquisition and so on. At present, the translation software developed in the market has basically changed from translation to faster intelligent voice real-time translation, which is welcomed by the majority of users. For more professional application scenarios, such as high-level meetings, negotiations and litigation, both translators and interpreters need more professional senior translators. For example, in some specific environments, only artificial translation can meet the translation needs, such as the translation of seven national languages in the national two sessions and congress of party representatives. Under these circumstances, only flexible artificial translation can work well. No matter whether the translation of paper documents or simultaneous interpreting at the scene requires professionals with rich experience in party and professional experience, they are determined by the seriousness and particularity of the translation scenario.&lt;br /&gt;
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The rapid development of machine translation has indeed brought convenience to the public and produced certain economic benefits, but we can't exaggerate the effectiveness of machine translation. Some so-called professionals exaggerate the power of technology while ignoring the humanistic side of translation. The reason why translation activities thrive is that different nations and countries need cultural and ideological exchanges. One-sided emphasis on science and technology or humanities is an extreme approach. The correct approach is to integrate science and technology with humanities. We should not only pay attention to the convenience of machine translation technology, but also give full play to the subjectivity of translators. No matter how developed artificial intelligence is, it is only a product developed by human beings, and its ultimate goal is to serve human beings. In the increasingly developed era of informatization and specialization, translation professionals need to embrace new technologies, learn and apply new technologies to improve their professional translation ability with the help of machine translation technology, so as to make translation faster and better. Translation majors are highly practical, practical and professional. It can be predicted that the future manual interpreter should be a combination of bilingual ability and computer software development ability. What's more, translators should learn to use machine translation and strengthen their own translation technology application ability, which is a new model of translation in the future. But at the same time, we should also see that translation is a humanities. The translator is not only a cultural messenger, but also a guardian of language. Translation is not a simple conversion of words and sounds. Its essence is the communication and dissemination of body, mind and thinking between different cultures. The temperature, thickness and purity of human nature in interpersonal and cultural communication, and the skills, creativity and wisdom embodied in human translation are beyond the reach of machine translation. At the same time, the translator is the guardian of language. If thinkers and poets are the guardians of language, a translator with thinking, creativity and artistic sense also undertakes this responsibility. Regarding the translator as the guardian of language is the affirmation and understanding of the identity of the artificial translator. On the one hand, it avoids the erosion of the natural language by the machine translation, on the other hand, it is conducive to the exertion of the subjectivity of the artificial translator. Machine translation takes into account the transmission and accuracy of information, but it cannot take into account the polysemy, fuzziness and creativity of language. However, it is the polysemy, fuzziness and creativity of language that makes our life full of spirituality, beauty and vitality.&lt;br /&gt;
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===6.Suggestions for the Combined Development of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
====6.1 Reasonable Division of Labor====&lt;br /&gt;
First of all, we should speed up the training of translation talents so that senior translation talents can match the number of machine translation. In this way, when dealing with relevant translation business, we can achieve high business efficiency, good content and quality. Secondly, while accelerating the formation of the industry, relevant state departments should give certain policy support to improve the industry status of translators, have certain professional certification for professional translation content, raise the employment threshold of the translation industry, filter out those who are not professional, leave those with good skills and increase those with ability, In this way, the translation industry can form a certain scale industry in the high-end field. The formation of the industry also requires large-scale assembly line operation to meet the needs of manual translation, supplemented by the processing capacity of machine translation for medium and low-end content, so as to solve the problems of slow translation speed and high price in the past.&lt;br /&gt;
====6.2 Both Need to be Improved====&lt;br /&gt;
So far, the universal application of machine translation still focuses on the written form. Although Google and other companies have made attempts and achieved some achievements in machine interpretation, the technology of machine interpretation is still not mature enough. The author's proposal is not to replace artificial interpretation with machine interpretation, but to realize the intelligence of the middle and low-end market like written translation. In addition, artificial translation still needs to be refined. The requirements for translators should not only focus on the mastery of language, but also absorb more skilled personnel with professional background knowledge to join the professional translation team. The future industry integration will eliminate some translators with weak professional background knowledge. At the same time, expand the training mode of translation major in colleges and universities so that students can have more opportunities to participate in social practice. Meanwhile, colleges and universities should timely understand the needs of the industry, and carefully train students from the basic stage of freshman and sophomore, so as to make students more targeted for future employment.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
With the advent of the era of artificial intelligence, AI technology is affecting the development of translation on an unprecedented scale and speed, causing profound changes in the translation industry. On the one hand, machine translation at this stage has made great achievements, gradually penetrated into our life and work, and has been applied in many fields, which has brought great convenience to our life and work; On the other hand, there are many problems in machine translation，such as cultural differences and emotional factors in language, which makes it difficult for machine translation to replace artificial translation. Since machine translation and artificial translation have their own advantages, we need to face how to integrate them efficiently, so as to give full play to their advantages and improve translation efficiency and quality. Although the development prospect of machine translation is very bright, the scope of application of machine translation and translation technology is limited. It is mainly used in general news reports, scientific and technological texts and other highly repetitive texts, which cannot completely replace artificial translation. Even the most advanced neural machine translation system has only achieved good results in the fields of daily conversation, news translation and so on. Literary texts are highly metaphorical. Machine translation and translation technology can only be used as auxiliary translation means to serve professional translators. Machine translation and artificial intelligence will not replace human creativity and imagination, but will improve the quality of translation and avoid boring and repetitive translation work. The improvement of machine translation requires the joint efforts of computer science, information science, statistics, linguistics and other academic circles, so as to realize more mature man-machine mutual assistance translation. In general, machine translation is not only a challenge, but also an opportunity. If we want to turn the challenge into an opportunity, we must constantly improve our competitiveness, keep pace with the times, make full use of new technologies related to translation, and jointly create a new era of &amp;quot;man and machines dancing together&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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===References===&lt;br /&gt;
Fan Yuxiao 樊玉消 (2021). 浅谈人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译[J]A Brief Talk on Machine Translation and Human Translation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence海外英语 Overseas English,11:179-180&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Liu YongQuan刘涌泉(1984).中国的机器翻译[M]China’s Machine Translation. 北京：知识出版社Bei Jing: Knowledge Press.&lt;br /&gt;
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Li Li李利(2020).浅析机器翻译和人工翻译的关系[J]A Brief Analysis of the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation国际机关PR Magazine 9:276-277.&lt;br /&gt;
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Liu Qun刘利（2012）.机器翻译技术现状与展望 [J]Current Situation and Prospect of Machine Translation Technology 集成技术 Journal of Integration Technology1:48-54.&lt;br /&gt;
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Jin Wenlu 靳文璐(2019). 机器翻译可以取代人工翻译吗? [J]Can machine translation replace artificial translation?. 智库时代 Think Tank Times 40:282-284.&lt;br /&gt;
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Hu Kaibao Li Yi胡开宝，李翼(2016) 机器翻译特征及其与人工翻译关系的研究[J]Research on the Characteristics of Machine Translation and Its Relationship with Artificial Translation 中国翻译 Chinese Translators Journal 37：10-14&lt;br /&gt;
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Dai Weichang 戴伟长（1994）.国内外机器翻译进展状况[J]Progress of Machine Translation at Home and Abroad 软件世界 Software World 12:2-3&lt;br /&gt;
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Wang Huashu WangXin王华树 王鑫(2021) .人工智能时代的翻译技术研究: 应用场景、 现存问题与趋势展望[J]Translation Research in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Application Scenarios, Existing Problems and Trends 外国语文Foreign Language and Literature  1:9-17&lt;br /&gt;
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Xu Yican Liu Jibin徐一灿 刘继斌(2017) .机器翻译的现状和前景[J] Current Situation and Prospect of Machine Translation海外英语Overseas English(11):117-118&lt;br /&gt;
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Pang Yingyu 庞盈羽(2019) .谈机器翻译与人工翻译的关系——从机器翻译与计算机辅助翻译的发展角度[J]The Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation -- From the Perspective of the Development of Machine Translation and Computer-aided Translation 科学大众Popular Science 11:164-165&lt;br /&gt;
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Liu Tianze刘天泽（2019） 浅谈人工智能翻译和人工翻译的比较与展望[J] A Brief Discussion on the Comparison and Prospect of Artificial Intelligence Translation and Artificial Translation海外英语 Overseas English 16:46-47&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
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		<title>Machine Trans EN 8</title>
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		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
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'''8 颜静(On Machine Translation Under Lanuguage Intelligence——An Option and Opportunity for Human Translators)'''&lt;br /&gt;
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===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
Nowadays the artificial intelligence is sweeping the world, however, the traditional language study and language service industry are facing new challenges.  This paper attempts to comb and analyze the development process of language intelligence in artificial intelligence and the development status of language study and language industry under the background of information age to interpret the feasibility of liberal arts translators to engage in machine translation research and necessity to apply machine translation, thus to provide a reference on the development path for preparatory translators（students majored in language and translation） and full-time and part-time formal translators.&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Language Intelligence; Machine Translation; Interdisciplinarity; Language Service&lt;br /&gt;
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===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
论语言智能下的机器翻译——译者的选择与机遇&lt;br /&gt;
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===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
当今人工智能的热潮席卷全球，而传统的语言研究和语言服务行业却面临着新的挑战。本文通过梳理分析人工智能中语言智能领域的发展历程和信息时代背景下语言研究和语言服务行业的发展现状，对文科译者从事机器翻译研究的可行性和应用机器翻译的必要性进行阐述，为信息时代包括语言和翻译专业学生的准译员和专、兼职的正式译员提供发展路径上的参考。&lt;br /&gt;
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===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
语言智能；机器翻译；学科交叉；语言服务&lt;br /&gt;
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===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
Obviously, we are now in an era of &amp;quot;explosion&amp;quot; of information and knowledge, which makes us have to find ways to deal with it quickly. Language is the manifestation of information, and the tool that can deal with language with complicated information is just a computer. It happens that human beings do not have a special organ to perceive language, but carry the image and sound symbols of language through visual and auditory perception, and then form language information through brain processing and abstraction. Therefore, language intelligence also belongs to the research category of &amp;quot;cognitive intelligence&amp;quot;. In view of this, computer has carried out the research on language, among which the common research fields are &amp;quot;natural language processing&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;language information processing&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Computational Linguistics&amp;quot;. These three are different, but they all have the same goal, that is, to enable computers to realize and express with language, solve language related problems and simulate human language ability. Among them, machine translation is the integration of language intelligence and technology. The comprehensive research of MT in China starts from the mid-1980s. Especially since the 1990s, a number of MT systems have been published and commercialized systems have been launched. In addition, various universities in China have also carried out MT and computational linguistics research, developed various translation experimental systems and achieved fruitful results. In the research of machine translation, it involves not only translation model and language model, but also alignment method, part of speech tagging, syntactic analysis method, translation evaluation and so on. Therefore, researchers must understand the basic knowledge of translation and be proficient in English, Chinese or other languages. Therefore, we say that compound talents with computer and language related knowledge will be more needed in the language industry or the computer field.&lt;br /&gt;
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===2. Artificial Intelligence in Rapid Development===&lt;br /&gt;
At the Dartmouth Conference in 1956, the word &amp;quot;artificial intelligence&amp;quot; appeared in the human world for the first time. In the past 65 years, with the in-depth study of science, artificial intelligence seems to have come out of the original science fiction movies and science fictions, and is closer to human daily life step by step. Nowadays, autopilot, machine translation, chess and E-sports robots, AI synthetic anchor, AI generated portrait and so on have been realized and widely known. Artificial intelligence has also moved from logical intelligence and computational intelligence to today's cognitive intelligence. &lt;br /&gt;
====2.1 The Development of Language Intelligence====&lt;br /&gt;
According to academician Tan Tieniu, &amp;quot;Artificial intelligence is a technical science that studies and develops theories, methods, technologies and application systems that can simulate, extend and expand human intelligence. Its purpose is to enable intelligent machines to listen, see, speak, think, learn and act, that is, they have the following capabilities——speech recognition and machine translation, image and character recognition, speech synthesis and man-machine dialogue, man-machine games and theorems proving, machine learning and knowledge representation, autopilot and so on. So, from these purposes we can see that language plays a vital role in AI. In order to imitate human intelligence, an advanced form of artificial intelligence is to analyze and process human language by using computer and information technology. We call it &amp;quot;language intelligence&amp;quot;. Language intelligence is not only the core part of artificial intelligence, but also an important basis and means of human-computer interaction cognition, whose development will contribute to the whole process of AI and further to let AI technologies to practice. Therefore, it is known as the Pearl on the crown of artificial intelligence. &lt;br /&gt;
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The concept of “language intelligence” was proposed in 2013 at Beijing Academic Forum on Language Intelligence. However, as mentioned above, its research direction in the computer field has always been called natural language processing (NLP). Its history is almost as long as computer and artificial intelligence. After the emergence of computer, there has been the research of artificial intelligence. Natural language processing generally includes two parts: natural language understanding and natural language generation(Chen Yin 2017: 2). The early research of artificial intelligence has involved machine translation and natural language understanding, which is basically divided into three stages.&lt;br /&gt;
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The first stage is from 1960s to 1980s. In this period, the common method is to establish vocabulary, syntactic and semantic analysis, question and answer, chat and machine translation systems based on rules. The advantage is that rules can make use of human’s own knowledge instead of relying on data, and can start quickly; The problem is on its insufficient coverage, and its rule management and scalability have not been solved. &lt;br /&gt;
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The second stage starts from 1990s. At this time, statistics-based machine learning (ML) has become popular, and many NLP began to use statistics-based methods. The main idea is to use labeled data to establish a machine learning system based on manually defined features, and to use the data to determine the parameters of the machine learning system through learning. At runtime, by using these learned parameters, the input data is decoded and output. Machine translation and search engines just make use of statistical methods and get success. &lt;br /&gt;
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The third stage is after 2008, when deep learning functions in voice and image. Subsequently, NLP researchers begin to turn to deep learning. First, they use deep learning for feature calculation or establish a new feature, and then experience the effect under the original statistical learning framework. For example, search engines add in-depth learning to calculate the similarity between search words and documents to improve the relevance of search. Since 2014, people have tried to conduct end-to-end training directly through deep learning modeling. At present, progress has been made in the fields of machine translation, question and answer, reading comprehension and so on.(Li Deyi 2018: 168)&lt;br /&gt;
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====2.2 The Research on Machine Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation is an important research direction in the field of natural language processing. As early as the 17th century, Descartes, a famous French philosopher, put forward the concept of world language in order to convert words that expressing the same meaning in different languages into unified symbols. In 1946, Warren Weaver put forward the idea of using machines to convert words from one language into another, and published the famous memorandum Translation, formally marking the born of the modern concept——machine translation. &lt;br /&gt;
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Until now, machine translation has experienced four stages according to its translation method: rule-based machine translation, case-based machine translation, statistics-based machine translation and neural machine translation. In the early stage of the development of machine translation, due to the limited computing power and lack of data, people usually input the rules designed by translators and Linguistics experts into the computer. The computer converts the sentences of the source language into the sentences of the target language based on these rules, which is rule-based machine translation. Rule based machine translation is usually divided into three procedures: source language sentence analysis, transformation and target language sentence generation. The source language sentence of the given input will generate a syntax tree after the lexical and syntactic analysis, and then the syntax tree is converted through the conversion rules to generate the syntax tree of the target language. Finally, the target language sentences are obtained by traversing the leaf nodes based on the target language syntax tree. &lt;br /&gt;
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Rule-based machine translation requires professionals to design rules. When there are too many rules, the dependence between rules will become very complex and it is difficult to build a large-scale translation system. With the development of science and technology, people collect some bilingual and monolingual data, and extract translation templates and translation dictionaries based on these data. In translation process, the computer matches the translation template of the input sentence and generates the translation result based on the successfully matched template fragments and the translation knowledge in the dictionary, which is case-based machine translation. &lt;br /&gt;
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With the rapid development of the Internet, it is possible to obtain large-scale bilingual and monolingual corpora. Statistical method based on large-scale corpora has become the mainstream of machine translation. Given the source language sentence, the statistical machine translation method models the conditional probability of the target language sentence, which is usually divided into language model and translation model. The translation model describes the meaning consistency between the target language sentence and the source language sentence, while the language model describes the fluency of the target language sentence. The language model uses large-scale monolingual data for training, and the translation model uses large-scale bilingual data for training. Statistical machine translation usually uses a decoding algorithm to generate translation candidates, then uses the language model and translation model to score and sort the translation candidates, and finally selects the best translation candidates as the translation output. Decoding algorithms usually include beam decoding, CKY decoding, etc. &lt;br /&gt;
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Statistical machine translation uses translation rules (usually extracted from bilingual data based on alignment results) to match the input sentences to obtain the translation candidates of fragments in the input sentences. If there are multiple translation candidates in a segment, the language model and translation model are used to sort these translation candidates, and only some candidates with the highest scores are retained. Translation candidates based on these fragments use translation rules to splice fragments and then form translation candidates of longer fragments. There are two ways of splicing translation fragments: sequential and reverse. Translation model and language model will have different weights when scoring. The weights are usually trained by a development data set. &lt;br /&gt;
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With the further improvement of computing power, especially the rapid development of parallel training based on GPU, the method based on deep neural network has attracted more and more attention in natural language processing. The method based on deep neural network was first used to train some sub models in statistical machine translation (language model based on deep neural network or translation model based on deep neural network), and significantly improved the performance of statistical machine translation. With the proposal of decoder and encoder framework and attention mechanism, neural machine translation has comprehensively surpassed statistical machine translation, and machine translation has entered the era of neural network.(Li Deyi 2018: 173-174)&lt;br /&gt;
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===3. Language Study in Information Times===&lt;br /&gt;
The study to language is usually pointed to linguistics. Linguistics is the leading discipline of many humanities, such as literature, which promotes the development and progress of related humanities. Among them, the relationship between linguistics and translation research is particularly close, because in the final analysis, translation is first an operation at the language level, which is the research and application of language. At the same time, we also say that linguistics is a bridge between Humanities and natural sciences. In the information age, because of its own characteristics, language has applied many mathematical methods in research. These characteristics and methods play a very important role in the development and research of application systems such as machine translation and information retrieval. Therefore, in-depth research on language is a unique advantage for preparatory translators to the field of machine translation in language intelligence. Basically, language study can be divided into the following three categories.&lt;br /&gt;
====3.1 Fundamental Study====&lt;br /&gt;
Fundamental study is the study of the basic features of language. Linguistics can be divided into specific linguistics and general linguistics from the scope of research objects. Concrete linguistics takes a specific language as the research object. General linguistics takes all human languages as the research object, focusing on the commonness of language and the essence of language, so as to form the universal theory of language. In terms of the time of the research object, linguistics can be divided into diachronic linguistics and synchronic linguistics. Diachronic linguistics, also known as dynamic linguistics, mainly studies the development and evolution of language and its laws. It is a vertical study of language, such as the development history of Chinese and English. Synchronic linguistics, also known as static linguistics, mainly studies the structural system of language. It is a horizontal study of language, such as modern French, modern Chinese and so on. People are used to classifying linguistics from research methods. For example, the study of kinship languages by comparative method is called historical comparative linguistics; Contrastive linguistics is the study of languages without kinship. Structural linguistics and transformational generative linguistics also belong to this category. The basic research introduced above can also take a subsystem or aspect of language as the research object, so as to form idiom phonology, lexicology, grammar, semantics, dialectology and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
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These basic studies of linguistics play an important leading role in translation. From a macro perspective, with the progress of linguistics and the introduction of language science, translation research has gone through various stages, such as semantics, systemic functional linguistics, pragmatics, stylistics, discourse analysis and typology. From a micro perspective, the birth of each linguistic translation research method is inseparable from a specific linguistic theory. Linguistic translation research is carried out on the basis of linguistics, a science specializing in language, trying to summarize some regular things from the research process to guide translation practice, or analyze the translation process, or evaluate the translation product - translation, or explain the essential characteristics of translation. Linguistic translation research is scientific, because it’s more rigorous, more systematic and closer to the essential characteristics of language (Xu Jun, Mu Lei 2021: 120). In a word, with the guidance of basic linguistic knowledge, translators can not only go further in translation, but also have the opportunity to try the applied research of machine translation and other interdisciplinary research.&lt;br /&gt;
====3.2 Application Study====&lt;br /&gt;
The applied study of language is collectively referred to as Applied Linguistics. Applied linguistics uses the theories, methods and basic research results of linguistics to clarify and solve language problems in other fields and transform the basic research results of linguistics into social benefits. The biggest research field of applied linguistics is language teaching, so Applied Linguistics in a narrow sense only refers to language teaching. Language teaching includes native language teaching, foreign language teaching and language diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of people with language disabilities. Dictionary compilation, writing creation and reform, the creation and implementation of special language codes used by the disabled, the standardization and promotion of standard language, language translation, social language countermeasures, etc. are also important research contents of Applied Linguistics. In recent decades, with the rapid development of information science and computer science, the fields of information retrieval and management, man-machine dialogue and artificial intelligence have also become important fields of Applied Linguistics. With the development of social science and technology, the field of Applied Linguistics is becoming wider and wider.&lt;br /&gt;
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One of the major fields of Applied Linguistics involving translation is the study of speech acts. Speech act refers to the analysis of the influence of utterance on the behavior of the speaker and the listener. It studies not only the discourse itself, the so-called locational act, but also the speaker's intention, the illocutionary force, and the role of discourse on the listener, that is, the perlocutionary force. This is a difficult problem for machine translation, because it’s not good at interpreting the meaning outside language or speech. Searle divides speech acts into several types: assertive, directive, committed, expressive and declarative. When understanding the original text, the translator should recognize the illocutionary force, and should not be confused by the literal meaning. For example, when a salesperson sees a customer, he often says, “Is there anything I can do for you?” Or simply say a word, “yes?” The action in this is far greater than its literal meaning. If you don't recognize the action (these two sentences contain the expression of welcome) and literally translate it into &amp;quot;有什么事我可以为您效劳的吗&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;是吗?&amp;quot;, it may make misunderstandings. These two sentences with the illocutionary force of expressive seem to be translated into “您要点什么？” and “您来了？” in order to achieve speech act equivalence. Of course, the translator must also consider the perlocutionary force, that is, the possible impact of discourse on the target readers. The translator's recognition of the illocutionary force of the original paragraph is not enough. If perlocutionary force is ignored, the work he has paid may be wasted, and even cause misunderstanding (Xu Jun, Mu Lei 2021: 135). Therefore, when it is difficult for machine translation to correctly translate, it is necessary for translators to show their skills. It is feasible to provide computer with manually labeled data sets for learning, to provide problem-solving ideas for experts in machine translation, or just to study in the field of language intelligence and then study machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
====3.3 Interdisciplinarity Study====&lt;br /&gt;
In October 2018, the Ministry of Education decided to implement the &amp;quot;six excellence and one top-notch&amp;quot; program 2.0, which originally only included the top-notch student training program of basic disciplines such as mathematics and physics, added humanities such as psychology, philosophy, Chinese language and literature, history and so on for the first time. Shortly after that, 13 departments including the Ministry of education and the Ministry of science and technology officially launched the plan to comprehensively promote the construction of new engineering, new medicine, new agriculture and new liberal arts. The cross penetration between disciplines has become a major trend of the current scientific development. The emergence of many interdisciplinarities is a major symbol of contemporary science. Ma Feicheng, a professor at Wuhan University, explained: &amp;quot;on the whole, all disciplines and even the whole science are highly differentiated and constantly moving towards integration.&amp;quot; Before that, people were not able to recognize the whole picture of things, and in order to conduct in-depth research, they had to divide science as a whole into relatively narrow disciplines. Therefore, although this improves the research efficiency, it leads to the isolation between disciplines. Ma Feicheng believes that while the mobile Internet has completely changed the way of human production and life, it has also triggered unprecedented legal, ethical and moral problems. &amp;quot;These problems are far from simple technical problems, but deep-seated social and cultural problems that people have never been involved in&amp;quot;. The solution of these problems must rely on multi-disciplinary cooperation. As a result, the field of new liberal arts has emerged on the edge of interdisciplinary research. In his opinion, the proposal of the new liberal arts is based on the internal integration of liberal arts and the intersection of arts and science to study, understand and solve the complex problems in the discipline itself, in people and society. In recent years, humanities experimental classes have also appeared in Tsinghua University, Renmin University of China, Zhengzhou University and other universities, and collegiate teaching models have appeared in Xi'an Jiaotong University, Central China Normal University and other universities. These attempts are important experiences in the construction of new liberal arts.&lt;br /&gt;
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For linguistics, linguistics has many traditional partners, such as literature, sociology, history, philosophy, logic, anthropology, culture, geography, archaeology, psychology and so on. Most of these partners belong to the humanities. Now linguistics has developed some new partners, such as mathematics, computer science, medicine, information science, communication science and so on. Most of these new partners belong to the field of science and technology. The relationship between linguistics and these new and old partners has developed and established many interdisciplinary disciplines of linguistics. The main ones are sociolinguistics, language philosophy, logical linguistics, human linguistics, geographic linguistics, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, pathological linguistics, mathematical linguistics, computational linguistics, experimental linguistics, etc. Computational linguistics, which uses computers to process language, is what the field of language intelligence focus on and the important direction for new liberal arts to develop.&lt;br /&gt;
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Of course, in the face of technological development, the new liberal arts also face challenges. Liberal arts scholars lack the necessary information technology foundation and cannot effectively use technical tools to solve research problems in their own field; The relevant stuffs engaged in computer are often lack of knowledge in relevant fields and cannot effectively capture the real needs of liberal arts scholars, so they cannot compelely play the auxiliary role of technology in research. Moreover, Professor Han Jingtai of Beijing Language and Culture University also reminded that the construction of new liberal arts should not blindly tend to be new, and the essence of &amp;quot;liberal arts&amp;quot; should not be obscured in the process of integrating arts and science. After the intersection of Arts and science, we must pay more attention to and highlight the characteristics of &amp;quot;liberal arts&amp;quot;. In any case, interdisciplinary development is indeed the requirement of the development of the times. For pure liberal arts students, an appropriate understanding of knowledge in other fields will also be a valuable asset and make personal development more competitive.&lt;br /&gt;
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===4. Language Service Industry with Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
Facing the upsurge of artificial intelligence, the traditional translation industry has also been put forward new requirements, and the production mode of translation has gradually changed. The translation industry has always been a result-oriented field, and with the help of computers, it can not only improve the efficiency and quality of translation, but also reduce the cost.&lt;br /&gt;
====4.1 Translation Mode====&lt;br /&gt;
Since the new century, with the emergence and popularization of the Internet, the amount of data has increased sharply, and statistical methods have been fully applied. Internet companies have set up machine translation research groups and developed machine translation systems based on Internet big data, so as to make machine translation really practical, such as &amp;quot;Baidu translation&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Google translation&amp;quot;, etc. In recent years, with the development of deep learning, machine translation technology has further developed, which has promoted the rapid improvement of translation quality. However, although machine translation has many advantages, such as fast translation speed, large corpus, low cost and easy to control, machine translation is still difficult to be perfect due to the characteristics of language, but it is a feasible strategy to use computer-aided translation to form a man-machine combination mode.&lt;br /&gt;
Today, with the close combination of computer-aided translation and machine translation, human identity has changed from absolute subject to &amp;quot;MT + cat + PE&amp;quot; mode of man-machine cooperation. We should welcome the arrival of new technology with a positive attitude and clearly identify the convenience it brings to us. It can be predicted that under the background of the development of language intelligence, post-translational editors will become the mainstream of the needs of the translation industry in the future. As Professor Li Sheng, a giant in computational linguistics, said, &amp;quot;Today's artificial intelligence is only weak artificial intelligence, not strong artificial intelligence or super artificial intelligence. Now the role of artificial intelligence is still to use machines to replace simple, repetitive and dangerous labor. If you want to solve the problem that you can't find rules, artificial intelligence can't do it or replace people. People should try to make good use of machines as an assistant to not only improve work efficiency, but also ensure quality.&amp;quot; As for the competition between machine translation and human translation, Professor Li Sheng believes, &amp;quot;The best translators must be those who have a deep understanding of artificial intelligence systems and can use them freely. If the artificial intelligence systems are used as auxiliary means, translator’s level will be higher, and the effect be better. It is not the problem of who will be eliminated because machines will always be human’s tools.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
====4.2 Translators====&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of machine translation, part-time translators can get great facilitation from the model of &amp;quot;MT + cat + PE&amp;quot;. But for full-time translators, the difficulty of translation tasks will gradually increase. Full-time translators need to improve their professional ability in vertical fields that are difficult to reach by machine translation. In addition, they can combine translation ability with other fields. In terms of the definition of language service, Mr. Wang Lifei thinks that language service is based on cross language ability. With the goal of information transformation, knowledge transfer, cultural communication and language education, it is a modern service industry that provides professional services such as translation services, technology R &amp;amp; D, tool application, asset management, marketing trade, investment and M &amp;amp; A, research and consultation, training and examination in the fields of high-tech, international economy and trade, foreign-related law, international communication, government affairs and foreign language training. The definition clearly shows the service basis, service mode and service scope of language service. From the perspective of service basis, it must rely on language ability, and all service activities are language related; from the perspective of service mode, it must provide bilingual or multilingual conversion, information transfer or product marketing and trade, as well as investment and M &amp;amp; A of language service enterprises. Therefore, development , application, management, training, consulting, marketing, trade, etc. must be based on cross language rather than monolingual; from the perspective of service scope, language service industry is an integral part of modern service industry, serving all walks of life of the national economy, including agriculture and industry, as well as other modern service industries, such as transportation and logistics, information service industry, finance and insurance Real estate, leasing and business services, scientific research, technical services, education, culture, sports and entertainment, etc. So, translators do not have to stick to pure language translation but can combine with other fields to tap and give full play to their potential and value. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of artificial intelligence and translation technology, great changes will take place in the language service industry, and translation technology will play a greater role in it. As preparatory translators, students should seize the opportunity to constantly learn new knowledge and make full use of their own language advantages to occupy a place in the field of translation technology, while formal translators need to put aside their prejudices and embrace new technology and its convenience, while grasping the translation mode of man-machine combination, constantly improve their core competitiveness to achieve vertical development, and combine with other fields to achieve horizontal development.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Xie Jiafen|Xie Jiafen]] ([[User talk:Xie Jiafen|talk]]) 08:19, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
Chen Yin 陈鄞. (2017). 自然语言处理基本理论和方法 [Basic Theories and Methods of Natural Language Processing]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology Press 哈尔滨工业大学出版社.&lt;br /&gt;
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Feng Zhiwei 冯志伟. (2011).语言与数学 [Language and Mathematics].Beijing: World Book Publishing Company 世界图书出版公司.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Han Lintao 韩林涛. (2020). 译者编程入门指南 [An Introduction Guide to Translator Programming]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press 清华大学出版社.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hu Kaibao, Tian Xujun 胡开宝,田绪军. (2020). 语言智能背景下的MTI人才培养:挑战、对策与前景 [MTI talent training in the context of language intelligence: challenges, countermeasures and prospects]. 外语界 foreign language 2020(02) 59-64.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Li Deyi 李德毅. (2018). 人工智能导论 [Introduction to Artificial Intelligence]. Beijing: China Science and Technology Press 中国科学技术出版社.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Li Hanji 李晗佶. (2021). 人工智能时代翻译技术与译者关系演变与重构 [Evolution and reconstruction of the relationship between translation technology and translators in the era of artificial intelligence]. 西华师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) Journal of West China Normal University (PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIAL SCIENCES EDITION) (2021-12-04) 1-6.&lt;br /&gt;
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Liang Xiaobo, Deng Zhen 梁晓波,邓祯.(2021). 美军语言智能处理技术的发展策略与启示 [Liang Xiaobo, Deng Zhen]. 国防科技 National defense science and technology 42(04) 85-91.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wang Hongqi 王红旗. (2008). 语言学概论 [Introduction to Linguistics]. Beijing: Peking University Press 北京大学出版社.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wang Huashu, Ma Shichen, Yang Shaolong 王华树,马世臣,杨绍龙. (2021). 语言服务行业翻译技术发展现状及前瞻 [Development status and Prospect of translation technology in language service industry].河南工业大学学报(社会科学版)  Journal of Henan University of Technology (SOCIAL SCIENCE EDITION) 37(04) 1-6.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wang Lianzhu 王连柱. (2018). 机器学习应用于语言智能的研究综述 [Research review on the application of machine learning to language intelligence]. 现代教育技术 Modern educational technology 28(09) 66-72.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wang Lifei王立非. (2021). 从语言服务大国迈向语言服务强国&lt;br /&gt;
——再论语言服务、语言服务学科、语言服务人才 [Marching from a Large Country to a Strong One in Language Services&lt;br /&gt;
—Revisiting Language Services, Language-service Discipline, and&lt;br /&gt;
Language-service Talents]. 北京第二外国语学院学报 Journal of Beijing International Studies University 43(04) 3-11.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wang Zonghua 王宗华. (2021). 人工智能时代语言服务业发展对策研究 [Research on the countermeasures of language service industry development in the era of artificial intelligence]. 齐齐哈尔大学学报(哲学社会科学版) Journal of Qiqihar University (PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIAL SCIENCES EDITION)  2021(06) 131-134.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Xu Jun, Mu Lei 许均, 穆雷. (2021). 翻译学概论 [Introduction to Translatology].Beijing: Yilin Publishing House 译林出版社.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Zhang Le, Tang Liang 张乐,唐亮. (2020). 人工智能时代语言学家面临的机遇和挑战 [Opportunities and challenges faced by linguists in the era of artificial intelligence].电脑知识与技术 Computer Knowledge and Technology 16(24) 195-197.&lt;br /&gt;
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Written by --[[User:Yan Jing|Yan Jing]] ([[User talk:Yan Jing|talk]]) 14:18, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=131199</id>
		<title>Machine translation</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=131199"/>
		<updated>2021-12-12T08:03:43Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
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30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
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=Chapter 1:A Comparison Between the Quality of Machine Translation and Human Translation——A Case Study of the Application of artificial intelligence in Sports Events=&lt;br /&gt;
'''论机器翻译与人工翻译的质量对比——以人工智能在体育赛事领域的应用为例'''&lt;br /&gt;
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卫怡雯 Wei Yiwen, Hunan Normal University, China&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]]&lt;br /&gt;
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=2 吴映红（The Introduction of Machine Translation)= &lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_2]]&lt;br /&gt;
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=Chapter 3：On the Realm Advantages And Mutual Development of Machine Translation And Huamn Translation)=&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;'论机器翻译与人工翻译的领域优势及共同发展'&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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肖毅瑶 Xiao Yiyao, Hunan Normal University, China&lt;br /&gt;
 [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]]&lt;br /&gt;
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=Chapter 4 : A Comparison Between Machine Translation of Netease and Traditional Human Translation—A Case Study of The Economist Articles)= &lt;br /&gt;
'''网易有道机器翻译与人工翻译的译文对比——以经济学人语料为例'''&lt;br /&gt;
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王李菲 Wang Lifei, Hunan Normal University&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_Trans_EN_4]]&lt;br /&gt;
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=Chapter 5: Muhammad Saqib Mehran - Problems in translation studies=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_5]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=6 徐敏赟(Machine Translation Based on Neural Network --Challenge or Chance?)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_6]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=7 颜莉莉(The Cultivation of artificial intelligence and translation talents in the Belt and Road Initiative)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_7]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=Chapter 8: On Machine Translation Under Lanuguage Intelligence——An Option and Opportunity for Human Translators=&lt;br /&gt;
'''论语言智能下的机器翻译——译者的选择与机遇'''&lt;br /&gt;
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颜静 Yan Jing, Hunan Normal University, China&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_Trans_EN_8]]&lt;br /&gt;
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=9 谢佳芬（ Machine Translation and Artificial Translation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
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=10 熊敏(Research on the English Chinese Translation Ability of Machine Translation for Various Types of Texts)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_10]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
The history of machine translation can be traced to 1940s, undergoing germination, recession, revival and flourish. Nowadays, with the rapid development of information technology, machine translation technology emerged and is gradually becoming mature. Whether manual translation can be replaced by machine translation becomes a widely-disputed topic. So in order to explore the ability of machine translation, I adopts two versions of translation, which are manual translation and machine translation(this paper uses Youdao translation) for different types of texts(according to Peter Newmark's types of text：informative text, expressive text and vocative text). The results are quite different in terms of quality and accuracy. The results show that machine translation is more suitable for informative text for its brevity, while the expressive texts especially literary works and vocative texts are difficult to be translated, because there are too many loaded words and cultural images in expressive text and dependence on the readers. To draw a conclusion, the relationship between machine translation and manual translation should be complementary rather than competitive.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
machine translation; manual translation; Newmark's type of texts&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
Research on the English Chinese Translation Ability of Machine Translation for Various Types of Texts&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译的历史可以追溯到上个世纪40年代，经历了萌芽期、萧条期、复兴期和繁荣期四个阶段。如今，随着信息技术的高速发展，机器翻译技术日益成熟，于是机器翻译能不能替代人工翻译这个话题引起了广泛热议。为了探究机器翻译的能力水平是否足以替代人工翻译，本人根据皮特纽马克的文本类型分类理论（信息类文本，表达文本，呼吁文本），选择了相应的译文类型，并且将其机器翻译的版本以及人工翻译的版本进行对比。结果发现，就质量和准确度而言，译文的水平大相径庭。因为其简洁的特性，机器比较适合翻译信息文本。而就表达文本，尤其是文学作品，因其存在文化负载词及相应的文化现象，所以机器翻译这类文本存在难度。而呼唤文本因其目的性以及对读者的依赖性较强，翻译难度较大。由此得知，机器翻译和人工翻译的关系应该是互补的，而不是竞争的。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译；人工翻译；纽马克文本类型&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
====1.1.Introduction to machine translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation, also known as computer translation is a technique to translating through machine translator, such as Google translation and Youdao translation. Machine translation is one of the branches of computational linguistics, ranging from computer science, statistics, information science and so on. Machine translation plays an important role in all aspects.&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation can be traced back to 1940s, when British engineer Booth and American engineer Weaver proposed using computer to translate and started to study machines used for translation. And the first machine translating system launched in 1954, used in English and Russian translation. And this means machine translation becomes a reality. However, the arrival of new things always accompanies barriers and setbacks. In the 1960s, reports from ALPAC (Automated Language Processing Advisory Committee) showed studies on machine translation had stagnated for a decade. At that time, due to the high cost of machine, choosing human translators to finish translating works was more economical for most companies. What’s worse, machine had difficulty in understanding semantic and pragmatic meanings. Fortunately, in the 1970s, with the advance and popularity of computer, machine translation was gradually back on track. With the development of science and technology, machine translation has better technological guarantee, such as artificial intelligence and computer technology. In the last decades, from the late 90s till now, machine translation is becoming more and more mature. The initial rule-oriented machine translation has been updated and Corpus-aided machine translation appears. And nowadays, technology in voice recognition has been further developed. This technique is frequently applied in speech translation products. Users only need to speak source language to the online translator and instantly it will speak out the target version. But machine can’t fully provide precise and accurate translation without any grammatical or semantic problems. Machine can understand the literal meaning of texts, but not the meaning in context. For example, there is polysemy in English, which refers to words having multiple meanings. So when translating these words, translators should take contexts into consideration. But machine has troubles in this way. In addition, machine has no feeling or intention. Hence, it is also difficult to convey the feelings from the source language.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2.Process of machine translation====&lt;br /&gt;
The process of manual translation is different from that of machine translation. Here is the process of the former. (1) Understand source language. (2) Use target language to organize language. (3) Generate translation. Unlike manual translation, machine translation tends to analyze and code source language first, then look for related codes in corpus, and work out the code that represents target language, generating translation. But they share a common feature, which is that Lexicon, grammatical rules and syntactic structure are taken into consideration. This is one of the biggest challenges for machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
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===2.Theorectical framework===&lt;br /&gt;
====2.1Newmark’s text typology====&lt;br /&gt;
Text typology is a theory from linguistics. It undergoes several phrases. Karl Buhler, a German psychologist and linguist defines communicative functions into expressive, information and vocative. Then Roman Jakobson proposes categorization of texts, which are intralingual translation, interlingual translation and intersemiotic translation. Accordingly, he defines six main functions of language, including the referential function, conative function, emotive function, poetic function, metalingual function and the phatic function. Based on the two theories, Peter Newmark, a translation theorist, summarizes the language function into six parts: the informative function, the vocative function, the expressive function, the phatic function, the aesthetic function, and the metalingual function. Later, he further divided texts into informative type, expressive text and vocative type according to the linguistic functions of various texts. &lt;br /&gt;
The core of the informative texts is the truth. It is to convey facts, information, knowledge of certain topics, reality and theories. The language style of the text is objective, logical and standardized. Reports, papers, scientific and technological textbooks are all attributed to informative texts. Translators are required to take format into account for different styles.&lt;br /&gt;
The core of the expressive text is the sender’s emotions and attitudes. It is to express sender’s preferences, feelings, views and so on. The language style of it is subjective. Imaginative literature, including fictions, poems and dramas, autobiography and authoritative statements belong to expressive text. It requires translators to be faithful to the source language and maintain the style.&lt;br /&gt;
The core of the vocative text is readership. It is to call upon readers to act, think, feel and react in the way intended by the text. So it is reader-oriented. Such texts as advertisement, propaganda and notices are of vocative text. Newmark noted that translators need to consider cultural background of the source language and the semantic and pragmatic effect of target language. If readers can comprehend the meaning at once and do as the text says, then the goal of information communication is achieved.&lt;br /&gt;
To draw a conclusion, informative texts focus on the information and facts. Expressive texts center on the mind of addressers, including feelings, prejudices and so on. And vocative texts are oriented on readers and call on them to practice as the texts say.&lt;br /&gt;
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====2.2Study method====&lt;br /&gt;
Manual translations of the three texts are selected from authoritative versions and universally acknowledged. And machine translations of those come from Youdao Translator. And in this thesis I will compare and evaluate the two methods in word diction, sentence structure, word order and redundancy.&lt;br /&gt;
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===3.Comparison and analysis of machine translation and manual translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
====3.1Informative text ====&lt;br /&gt;
（1）English into Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
①Source language:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Keep the tip of Apple Pencil clean, as dirt and other small particles may cause excessive wear to the tip or damage the screen of i-pad.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Target language:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation: Apple Pencil笔尖应保持清洁，灰尘等小颗粒可能会导致笔尖过度磨损或损坏ipad屏幕。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Manual translation: 保持Apple Pencil铅笔的笔尖干净，因为灰尘和其他微粒可能会导致笔尖的过度磨损或损坏iPad屏幕。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Analysis: Here is the instruction of Apple Pencil. And the manual translation is the Chinese version on the instruction.Product instruction tends to be professional, since there are many terms for some concepts. Machine can easily identify these terms and provide related words to translate. The machine version is faithful and expressive to the source language. So it is well-qualified and readable for readers to understand the instruction. So we can use machine to translate informative text.&lt;br /&gt;
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②Source language:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
China on Saturday launched a rocket carrying three astronauts-two men and one woman - to the core module of a future space station where they will live and work for six months, the longest orbit for Chinese astronauts.&lt;br /&gt;
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Target language:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation: 周六，中国发射了一枚运载三名宇航员(两男一女)的火箭，进入未来空间站的核心舱，他们将在那里生活和工作6个月，这是中国宇航员最长的轨道。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Manual translation: 周六，中国发射了一枚搭载三名宇航员(两男一女)的火箭，进入未来空间站的核心舱，他们将在那里生活和工作6个月，这是中国宇航员最漫长的一次轨道飞行。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Analysis: This is a news from Reuters, reporting that China has launched a rocket.The meaning of the two translations is almost the same, except for some word diction. But there are some details dealt with different choice. For example, the last sentence of the machine translation is a bit of obscure and direct. There are some ambiguous words and expressions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(2)Chinese into English&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Source language:湖南省博物馆是湖南省最大的历史艺术类博物馆，占地面积4.9万平方米，总建筑面积为9.1万平方米，是首批国家一级博物馆，中央地方共建的八个国家级重点博物馆之一、全国文化系统先进集体、文化强省建设有突出贡献先进集体。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Target language:&lt;br /&gt;
Manual translation: As the largest history and art museum in Hunan province, the Hunan Museum covers an area of 49,000㎡, with the building area reaching 91,000㎡. It is one of the first batch of national first-level museums and one of the first eight national museums co-funded by central and local governments.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation: Museum in hunan province is one of the largest historical art museum in hunan province, covers an area of 49000 square meters, a total construction area of 91000 square meters, is the first national museum, the central place to build one of the eight national key museum, national cultural system advanced collectives, strong culture began with outstanding contribution of advanced collective.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Analysis: Machine translation is not faithful enough in content. For instance, “首批国家一级博物馆” is translated into “first national museum”, which is not the meaning of the source language. And there are some obvious grammar mistakes in the machine translation. For example, machine translates it into just one sentence but there are multiple predicates in it. So it is not grammatically permissible. What’s more, the sentence structure of machine translation is confusing and the focus is not specific enough.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====3.2Expressive text ====&lt;br /&gt;
(1)English into Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Source language:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
An individual human existence should be like a river- small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past rocks and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible breaks, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Target language:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation: 一个人的存在应该像一条河流——开始很小，被紧紧地夹在两岸中间，然后热情奔放地冲过岩石，飞下瀑布。渐渐地，河面变宽，两岸后退，水流更加平缓，最后，没有任何明显的停顿，它们汇入大海，毫无痛苦地失去了自己的存在。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Manual translation:人生在世，如若河流；河口初始狭窄，河岸虬曲，而后狂涛击石，飞泻成瀑。河道渐趋开阔，峡岸退去，水流潺缓，终了，一马平川，汇于大海，消逝无影。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Analysis: Here is a well-known metaphor in the prose How to Grow Old written by Bertrand Russell. The manual translation is written by Tian Rongchang.This is a philosophical prose with graceful language. Literary translation is a most important and difficult branch of translation. Translator should focus on the literal meaning, culture, writing style and so on. It is a combination of beauty and elegance. Therefore, translators find it in a dilemma of beauty and faithfulness, let alone translating machine. Compared with manual translation, machine translation has difficulty in word choice. It is faithful and expressive, but not elegant enough.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(2)Chinese into English&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Source language:没有一个人将小草叫做“大力士”，但是它的力量之大，的确是世界无比。这种力，是一般人看不见的生命力，只要生命存在，这种力就要显现，上面的石块，丝毫不足以阻挡。因为它是一种“长期抗战”的力，有弹性，能屈能伸的力，有韧性，不达目的不止的力。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Target language:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation: No one calls the little grass &amp;quot;hercules&amp;quot;, but its power is truly matchless in the world. This force is invisible life force. As long as there is life, this force will show itself. The stone above is not strong enough to stop it. Because it is a &amp;quot;long-term resistance&amp;quot; of the force, elastic, can bend and extend force, tenacity, not to achieve the purpose of the force.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Manual translation: Though nobody describes the little grass as a “husky”, yet its herculean strength is unrivalled. It is the force of life invisible to naked eye. It will display itself so long as there is life. The rock is utterly helpless before this force- a force that will forever remain militant, a force that is resilient and can take temporary setbacks calmly, a force that is tenacity itself and will never give up until the goal is reached. (by Zhang Peiji)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Analysis:This is the excerpt of a well-known Chinese prose written by Xia Yan. It is written during the war of Resistance Against Japan. So the prose holds symbolic meaning, eulogizing the invisible tenacious vitality so as to encourage Chinese to have confidence in the anti-aggression war. Compared with manual translation, machine translation is much more abstract and confusing, especially for the word diction. For example, “大力士” is translated into “hercules” which is a man of exceptional strength and size in Greek and Roman Mythology, making it difficult to understand if readers of target language have no idea of the allusion. What’s worse, the machine version doesn’t reveal the symbolic meaning of the text, which is the core of this prose.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====3.3Vocative text ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(1)English into Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
①Source language:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
iPhone went to film school, so you don’t have to. (Advertisement of iPhone13)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Target language:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation: iPhone上的是电影学院，所以你不用去。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Manual translation:电影专业课，iPhone同学替你上完了。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Analysis：Here are advertisements of iPhone on Apple official website. There is a personification in the source language. It is used to stress the advancement and proficiency in camera, which is an appealing selling point to potential buyers. Compared with manual translation, machine translation is plain and not eye-catching enough for customers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
②Source language: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5G speed   OMGGGGG&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Machine language: 5克的速度   OMGGGGG&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Manual translation:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
iPhone的5G     巨巨巨巨巨5G&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Analysis: The “G” in the source language is the unit of speed, standing for generation. However, it is mistaken as a unit of weight, representing gram in the machine translation. So the meaning is not faithful to the source language at all. As for manual translation, it complies with the source in form. Specifically speaking, five “G”s in the former complies with five characters “巨”in the latter. And the pronunciation of the two is similar. There are two layers of meaning for the 5 “G”s. One exclaims the fast speed of 5 generation network and the other new technology. In the manual version, “巨”can be used to show degree, meaning “quite” or “very”. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
③Source language: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
History, faith and reason show the way, the way of unity. We can see each other not as adversaries but as neighbors. We can treat each other with dignity and respect, we can join forces, stop the shouting and lower the temperature. For without unity, there is no peace, only bitterness and fury.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Target language:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation: 历史、信仰和理性指明了团结的道路。我们可以把彼此视为邻居，而不是对手。我们可以尊严地对待彼此，我们可以联合起来，停止大喊大叫，降低温度。因为没有团结，就没有和平，只有痛苦和愤怒。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Manual translation:历史、信仰和理性为我们指明道路。那是团结之路。我们可以把彼此视为邻居，而不是对手。我们可以有尊严地相互尊重。我们可以联合起来，停止喊叫，减少愤怒。因为没有团结就没有和平，只有痛苦和愤怒&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Analysis: Speech is a way to propagate some activity in public. It is an art to inspire emotion of the audience. The source language is the excerpt of Joe Biden’s inaugural speech. The speech should be inspiring and logic. The machine translation has some misunderstanding. Taking the translation of “lower the temperature” for example, machine only translates its literal meaning, relating to the temperature itself, without considering the context. What’s more, it is less logic than the manual one. Therefore, it adds difficulty to inspire the audience and infect their emotion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.Common mistakes in machine translation  ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====4.1 lexical mistakes  ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Common lexical mistakes include misunderstandings in word category, lexical meaning and emotive and evaluative meaning. Misunderstanding in word category shows in the classification of word in the source language. As for misunderstanding in lexical meaning, machine has difficulty in precisely reflecting the meaning of the original texts, due to different cultural background and different language system. And for misunderstanding in emotive meaning, machine has no intention and emotion like human-beings. Therefore, it’s impossible for it to know writers’ feelings and their writing purposes. So sometimes, it may translate something negative into something positive.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====4.2	grammatical mistakes====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Grammatical analysis plays an important part in translation. Normally speaking, every language has its own unique grammatical rules. So in the process of translation, if translators don’t know the formation rule well, the sentence meaning will be affected. Even though all the lexical meanings are well-known by translators, the lack of consciousness of grammaticality makes it harder to arrange words according to sequential rule. English tends to be hypotactic, while Chinese tends to be paratactic. English sentences are connected through syntactic devices and lexical devices. While Chinese sentences are semantically connected, which means there are limited logical words and connection words in Chinese. So when translating English sentence, we should first analyze its grammaticality and logical structure and then rearrange its sequence. However, online translating machine has troubles in grammatical analysis, which makes its improvement more difficult.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====4.3	other mistakes====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The two mistakes above are the internal ones. Apart from mistakes in linguistic system, there are some mistakes in other aspects, such as cultural background.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.Reasons for its common mistakes ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====5.1	Difference in two linguistic system====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With different history, English and Chinese have different ways of expression. Commonly speaking, English is synthetic language which expresses grammatical meaning through inflection such as tense and Chinese is analytic language which expresses grammatical meaning through word order and function word. In addition, English is more compact with full sentences. Subordinate sentence is one of the most important features in modern English. Chinese, on the other hand, is more diffusive with minor sentences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====5.2	Difference in thinking patterns and cultural background====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Sapir-Whorf’s Hypothesis, our language helps mould our way of thinking and consequently, different languages may probably express their unique ways of understanding the world. For two different speech communities, the greater their structural differentiations are, the more diverse their conceptualization of the world will be. For example, western culture is more direct and eastern culture more euphemistic. What’s more, English culture tends to be individualism, focusing on detail, through which it reflects the whole, while Chinese culture tends to be collective. Different thinking patterns will add difficulty for machine to translate texts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====5.3	Limitation of computer====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Recently, there are some breakthroughs and innovation in machine translation. However, due to its own limitation, online translation has limitation in some ways. Firstly, compared with machine, human brain is much more complicated, consisting of ten billions of neuron, each of which has different function to affect human’s daily activities and help humans avoid some errors. However, computer can only function according to preset programming has no intention or consciousness. Until now, countless related scholars have invested much time in machine translation. They upload massive language database, which include almost all linguistic rules. But computers still fail to precisely reflect the meaning of source language for many times due to the complexity and flexibility of language.  On the other hand, computers can’t take context into consideration. During translation, it is often the case that machine chooses the most-frequently used meaning of one word. So without the correct and exact meaning, readers are easier to feel confused and even misunderstand the meaning of source language.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6.Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
From the analysis above, we can draw a conclusion that machine deals with informative text best, followed by non-literary translation of expressive text. What’s more, machine can be a useful tool to get to know the gist and main idea of a specific topic, for the simple sentence structure and numerous terms. And it can improve translating efficiency with high speed. But machine has difficulty in translating literary works, especially proses and poems.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation has mixed future. From the perspective of commercial, machine translation boasts a bright future. With the process of globalization, the demand for translation is increasing accordingly. On one hand, if we only depend on human translator to deal with translating works, the quality and accuracy of translation can be greatly affected. On the other hand, if machine is used properly to do some basic work, human translators only need to make preparation before translating, progress, polish and other advanced work, contributing to highly-qualified translation and high working efficiency.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However, compared with manual translation, machine translation has a bleak future. It is still impossible for machine to replace interpreter or translator in a short term. With intelligence and initiative, humans are able to learn new knowledge constantly, which machine will never accomplish. Besides, machine is not used to replace translators but to assist them in work. In other words, translators and machine carry out their own duties and they are not incompatible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To draw a conclusion, although there are certain limitations of machine translation, it can serve as a catalyst for translating works. Therefore, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence and related technology, there are still many opportunities for machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Reference ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cui Zihan 崔子涵.机器翻译译文质量对比——以谷歌翻译和DeepL为例[J] [Comparison among Machine Translation--Taking Google Translation and Deepl for Example].Overseas English 海外英语,2021(15):182-183.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Li Deyi 李德毅. (2018). 人工智能导论 [Introduction to Artificial Intelligence]. Beijing: China Science and Technology Press 中国科学技术出版社.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Qiu Quanju 仇全菊.大数据时代背景下机器翻译及其发展趋势[J][Machine Translation and its Development Trend under the Background of Big Data Era]. English Teachers 英语教师,2021,21(16):60-62.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Zhuo Jianbin 卓键滨,Liu Wenxian 刘文娴,Peng Zili 彭子莉.机器翻译对各类型文本的德汉翻译能力探究[J][Research on the German Chinese Translation Ability of Machine Translation for Various Types of Texts]. Comparative Study of Cultural innovation 文化创新比较研究,2021,5(28):122-125.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(英) Peter Newmark A Textbook of Translation[M] Shanghai Foreign Education Press, 2002&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wang Hongqi 王红旗. (2008). 语言学概论 [Introduction to Linguistics]. Beijing: Peking University Press 北京大学出版社.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Liu Qin刘琴.功能目的论对于不同文本类型的翻译解读[J][Analysis of Translations in Different Types of Text based on Functionalist Approaches].Overseas Engliosh 海外英语,2021(17):8-9.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Zhang Peiji 张培基.英译中国现代散文选[M][Selected Modern Chinese Prose Writings]. Shanghai Foreign Languages Education Press 上海外语教育出版社, 2002.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Chen Cheng陈诚.机器翻译技术的综述[J][Overview of Machine Translation Technology].Electronic Techonology 电子技术,2021,50(11):290-291.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He Xinyu何馨宇.机器翻译的发展及其对翻译职业化的影响研究[J] [The Development of Machine Translation and its Effect on Professional Transltors].Overseas English 海外英语,2021(20):48-49.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He Wen 何雯, Wang Xiufeng 王秀峰.信息型文本的在线机器翻译错误研究[J][Research on Errors in Online Machine Translation of Informative text ].Overseas English海外英语,2021(15):188-189.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Li Hanji 李晗佶. (2021). 人工智能时代翻译技术与译者关系演变与重构 [Evolution and reconstruction of the relationship between translation technology and translators in the era of artificial intelligence]. 西华师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) Journal of West China Normal University (PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIAL SCIENCES EDITION) (2021-12-04) 1-6.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wei Guang魏光. 人工翻译与机器翻译译文编辑比较研究[J][Comparative Study of Translation Editing between Manual Translation and Machine Translation]. Overseas English 海外英语,2021(19):18-19+21.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=11 陈惠妮=(Study on Pre- editing of Machine Translation - A Case Study of Medical Abstracts)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_11]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
At present, globalization is accelerating and the market demand for language services is rapidly increasing . Machine translation, as an important translation method, can greatly improve translation efficiency due to its low cost and high speed. However, because of the limitations of machine translation and the differences between Chinese and English language, machine translation is not accurate enough. In order to balance translation efficiency and translation quality, a great number of manual revisions in translation are required for the machine translating texts. Medical papers are specialized, special and purposeful, so it requires accurate,qualified and professional translation. However, the quality of translations by machine is inefficient to meet the high-quality requirements of medical papers translation. Therefore, the introduction of pre-editing can greatly improve the efficiency and quality of machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Pre-editing, Machine translation, Medical texts&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
Study on Pre- editing of Machine Translation - A Case Study of Medical Abstracts&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
在全球化加速发展的今天，市场对语言服务的需求迅速增加。机器翻译作为一种重要的翻译途径，由于其成本低、速度快，可以大大提高翻译效率。然而，由于机器翻译的局限性以及中英文语言的差异，机器翻译的准确性不高。为了平衡翻译效率和翻译质量，机器翻译文本需要大量的手工修改。&lt;br /&gt;
医学论文具有专业性、特殊性和目的性，要求其译文准确、合格、专业。然而，机器翻译的质量较低，无法满足医学论文对翻译的高质量要求。因此，译前编辑的引入可以大大提高机器翻译的效率和质量。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
译前编辑；机器翻译；医学文本&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
===1.1 Definition of Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
As Cronin(2013) revealed: &amp;quot;Translation is undergoing a revolutionary upheaval. The influence of digital technology and the Internet on translation is continuous, extensive and profound. From the popularity of automatic online translation applications, translation revolution is everywhere (Cronin,2013) However,the concept of machine translation was firstly proposed in the 1930s. Since 1940s, the machine translation technology has been evolving from rule-based machine translation (RBMT) to statistical machine translation (SMT), and to neural machine translation (NMT). Machine translation refers to the automatic translation of source language into target language by using a computer system. That is, machine translation refers to the automatic translation of text from one language into another natural language by computer software or other online translation webs. Machine translation is also defined as the process of “using a computer system to automatically translate text or speech from one natural language to another” according to the definition by ISO (Cui, 2014).O 'Brien (2002) defines it as &amp;quot;the behavior of modifying errors in machine translation to ensure that the target translation meets certain quality requirements&amp;quot;. On the basic level, machine translation performs mechanical substitution of words in one language for words in another language, but that rarely produces a good translation, therefore, recognition of the whole phrases and their closest counterparts in the target language is needed. Not all words in one language have equivalents in another language, and many words have more than one meaning. A huge demand for translation is greatly needed in today’s global world, which creates new opportunities for the development of machine translation, attracts more and more attention and becomes one of the current research focuses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1.2 Definition of Pre-editing===&lt;br /&gt;
Pre-editing means to adjust and modify the source language to make it fit more with  the characteristics of the machine translation software before putting the source language before the into machine translation, so as to improve the quality of the translation machine translation (Wei Changhong, 2008:93-94). Pre-editing is to modify the original text before putting it into machine translation software, in order to improve the recognition rate of machine translation, optimize the output quality of translated text and reduce the workload of post-editing. Because pre-translation editing only needs to be modified in one language, the operation is simpler than post-translation editing, which can realize the double improvement of quality and efficiency. A good pre-editing translation can help machine translation more smoothly, thus improving the machine readability and quality of the output translation. Pre-editing is mostly applied in the following situations: one is when the original text is of poor quality and the machine is difficult to recognize the meaning of the sentence, such as user generated content with poor readability and translatability (Gerlach et al, 2003:45-53); Documents that need to be published in multiple languages; Next is when the original text contains a lot of jargon; The last is the original text has a corresponding translation memory bank. If the original text is edited, it can better match the content of the translation memory bank. Pre-editing is a process of identifying problems. It requires to pre-edit the source texts before putting it into machine translation according to the requirements, listing the expressions or sentences that may have trouble in machine translation and then pre-edit it by human. The purpose is to enable the computer to translate better, improve the translatability of machine translation. (Slype G V &amp;amp; Guinet J F &amp;amp; Seitz F,1984:115)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1.3 Machine Translation Mode===&lt;br /&gt;
According to the different knowledge acquisition methods, machine translation modes can be classified as follows: one is rule-based machine translation, which is based on bilingual dictionaries and a library of language rules for each language. The quality of translation depends on whether the source language conforms to the existing rules, but the inexhaustible rules are the hinders of this model. The second mode is machine translation based on statistics. This translation model relies on the principles of mathematics and statistics to find various existing translations corresponding to the translation tasks through the employment of corpus, analyzing the frequency of their occurrence and selecting the translation with the highest frequency for output. The disadvantage of this translation model is that it ignores the flexibility of language and the importance of context. The last one is neural network language model. This model is different from previous translation models in that it uses end-to-end neural network to realize automatic translation between natural languages. At present, the quality of its translation is much higher than that of the previous translation models.&lt;br /&gt;
===1.4 Source of Study Abstracts===&lt;br /&gt;
The core medical journals from domestic are selected in order to make the paper more representative and authoritative, such as National Medical Journal of China, Journal of Peking University (Health Science), and Journal of Third Military Medical University. All of them include basic medical science, biomedical technology, laboratory medical science and other fields. In this way, the pre-editing approaches included are applicable enough to machine translation of medical abstracts.&lt;br /&gt;
===1.5 Selection of Translation Software===&lt;br /&gt;
Generally, machine translation software includes Google Translation, Youdao Translator and Niu Translation, which has their own special use in translation. Take Google as an example, it is more like neurons in human brain, enabling to learn and collect information to establish connections with its neural machine translator’s neurons. However, it also causes many errors because of the lack of enough information. In this paper, contrastive analysis will be carried on by using Google translation. On the one hand, being a pioneer in the translation of NET, it is inevitably to sue Google as the translation software to translate medical texts in this paper. Comparing the program called “Google brain”, other NMT of translation software are relatively disadvantages. On the other hand, the Google translation enjoys the largest users in the world, with its downloads of more than one billion. The output quality of Google translation is more correct and complete than other machine translation software. With years of development and improvement, Google Translation has been greatly promoted. In this paper, Chinese medical abstract will be automatically translated by Google translation, and then the translation output will be compared with the translation by human and the publication of English abstracts. The main purpose is to prove that the improvement and promotion of quality and accuracy in the medical abstracts will be obtained through the pre-editing approaches.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.Language Characteristics and Error Division===&lt;br /&gt;
Since Chinese and English are two different languages, it is quite neccessary to identify their own characteristics so as to better analyze and understand the two languages. Tytler (1978) argued in his Essay on the Principles of Translation that there are three principles of translation that in all the translation should give readers the same feelings as the source text, except for complete transcript of ideas. There actually also exit some mistakes of these two languages. So the following will make some clarrifications of these two languages to ensure more accurate translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.1 Language Characteristics of Medical Abstracts===&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese and English belong to different language systems, so there are differences in their language structure and the way users think of the languages. When using machine translation from Chinese to English, due to the unequal language levels, there will be many mistakes in the translation process, especially for ESP texts, such as medical papers. &lt;br /&gt;
Here, these differences mainly refer to the linguistic characteristics of medical abstracts. In medical abstracts, it usually includes structured and unstructured abstracts. Although in different forms, they both describe the purpose, methods and conclusions of the research.&lt;br /&gt;
In the method section of medial abstract, several Chinese sentences can be connected with commas, but each sentence may convey different information. In contrast, English sentences contain a great deal of information, but in order to ensure clarity, some modifiers need to be isolated and then reconstructed. However, in Chinese-English machine translation, a lot of information is put into the sentence because the machine segments the sentence on the basis of the full comma.&lt;br /&gt;
In addition, subjectless sentence is used in the objective and method parts of Chinese medical abstracts. The subjectless sentence means the sentence without or free from subject and is usually employed in two contexts. The first is &amp;quot;needless to say&amp;quot;. In Chinese sentences, it is common to omit the subject of the sentence. Chinese sentences can convey meanings by using incomplete sentence structures, so Chinese speakers can understand the meanings of the sentences even though the sentence subject is omitted. The second is &amp;quot;emphasis of action&amp;quot;. In this context, subjectless sentences are used to describe behaviors, especially in the study of traditional Chinese medicine abstracts. Comparatively speaking, it should be avoided in English medical abstracts. Abstract sentences are more subjective when describing the learning process, while the essential requirement of English medical abstract is objectivity. From this point, sentences without subject should be avoided in English medical abstracts. Another feature is voice. Few words with passive meanings appear in Chinese abstracts. English sentences are more favoured in using passive voice. When translating from Chinese to English, passive voice should be used to make the contents objective, which is also the basic requirement of medical papers.&lt;br /&gt;
These are the linguistic features of Chinese medical abstracts. There are great differences in sentence structure and expression between Chinese and English medical abstracts. These differences may reduce the accuracy of machine translation, so it is necessary to introduce pre-editing to edit the source text to ensure that the source text can be accurately recognized by the machine and fully translated into English.&lt;br /&gt;
===2.2 Error Division of Machine Translation in Translating Abstracts of Medical Papers from Chinese to English===&lt;br /&gt;
In this paper, errors in machine translation are listed out after analyzing. Some are due to the principles, such as statistical-based MT and NMT, employed by machine translation. Based on the original errors, they can be studied from two levels. One is from the macro-level, referring to mistakes caused by objective factors. These are not human factors, but the disadvantage of machine translation and the limitations of language. The limitations of machine translation are derived from the principles and models adopted and manifests itself as a reliance on reference sources. In this case, semantic ambiguity and textual incoherence may occur in the absence of reference sources.&lt;br /&gt;
However, for ESP texts such as medical papers, the requirements for terms and sentence patterns are far beyond the existing corpora. For unfamiliar texts (that is, the corresponding texts cannot be found in the corpora). The quality of output translation will be relatively low, which is determined by the principles of machine translation. As mentioned above, machine translation has evolved over the past few decades from rules-based to corp-based statistics to NMT. However, there still exist some limitations in machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
Mistakes on micro-level are mainly caused by the variations and differences of linguistic structure between Chinese and English. Chinese is an implicit language, while English is an explicit one (Lian, 2010) To put it in another way, Chinese expression does not depend on language structures, while English does the opposite. This may result in mismatches between the original and machine translated sentences. This kind of error is mainly divided into two types: component fragment and component missing. For a medical paper, such errors are very serious. As a kind of ESP discourse, medical paper has the characteristics of fixed, objective and accurate language structure. In order to reproduce the characteristics of medical abstracts in translation, it is necessary to avoid errors at the level of words and sentences and pay attention to logic and consistency.&lt;br /&gt;
Lexical errors here refer to the inconsistency of fixed expressions in the translation of terms. Although these terms are machine translation based on the corpus, the corpus may not be perfect for ESP texts such as medical papers. Therefore, fixed expressions are not used in term translation. This is also the most common mistake in machine translation (the term here includes but is not limited to nouns). For ESP texts, medical text in particular, the fixed expressions and the accuracy of terms are of great importance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.Approaches Proposed for Pre-editing ===&lt;br /&gt;
Generally speaking, there is a close relationship between pre-editing and post-editing, both of which aim to convey information and ensure high or publishable translation quality. Proper pre-editing can improve the quality of machine translation in terms of adequacy and consistency. &lt;br /&gt;
Complexity of natural language and people use language arbitrarily, bringing many difficulties to Chinese-English machine translation, Hu Qingping (2005:24) has proposed &amp;quot;the research of translation software and the development of the controlled language are the two directions to improve the quality of machine translation : the former aims at the difficulty in the natural language processing, the latter overcomes the arbitrariness of natural language&amp;quot;. Feng Quangong and Gao Lin (2017: 63-68) put forward: &amp;quot;The writing principles of controlled language can be applied to pre-editing of machine translation. Pre-editing based on controlled language can effectively reduce the complexity and ambiguity of source text, improve the identifiability of machine translation (the translatability of source text itself), and thus reduce (fully) the workload of post-editing&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
The central task of pre-editing is to transform human-friendly content into machine-friendly content, so words and sentences need to be repositioned or even changed. Based on the analysis of the language characteristics of Chinese and English, the Chinese ideographic group should be split before the Chinese source text is input into the machine software to translate so that the sentence structure is complete  which can be easily recognized by the machine translation software.&lt;br /&gt;
===3.1 Extraction and Replacement of Terms in the Source Text===&lt;br /&gt;
As a branch of applied English, medical English is the product of the combination of English language knowledge and medical knowledge. The terms in medical papers have the characteristics of fixed and complex language structure. Although Google Translation is based on a corpus, the language structure is not fixed due to the limited size of the corpus. Therefore, the following two steps should be followed before machine translation. The first is to extract terms and create a glossary, and then replace the Chinese terms in the source text with the corresponding English expressions in the glossary. Of course, the terms of extraction should be searched and verified according to the actual situation. All of these words are verified before they can be replaced. This method can not only ensure the accuracy of term translation, but also maintain the consistency of expression, especially when dealing with long texts.&lt;br /&gt;
Example1&lt;br /&gt;
Source abstract: 口腔白斑病癌变相关缺氧应答基因和微小RNA的芯片及表达验证。&lt;br /&gt;
Google translation: Microarray detection/Chip detection and expression verification of hypoxia response genes and microRNAs related to oral leukoplakia canceration.&lt;br /&gt;
Published translation:Transcriptome array screening and verification of oral leukoplakia carcinogenesis-related hypoxia-responsive gene and microRNA. &lt;br /&gt;
Analysis: The expression “ Affymetrix GeneChip” empolyed in this thesis is a human transcription array for transcriptome array. In the source abstract, “芯片检测“ can be meant “screening” but not detection, so the proper and appropriate translation of these expression should be “transcription array screening”, but the Google translates it into “microarry detection of chip detection”. Therefore, term extraction is essential and inevitable before putting the source abstracts into the machine translation software.&lt;br /&gt;
After pre-editing source abstracts: 对 oral leukoplakia carcinogenesis 相关 hypoxia-responsive gene 和微小RNA进行 transcriptome array screening 及表达验证。&lt;br /&gt;
After pre-editing translation: Transcriptome array screening and expression- verification of hypoxia-responsive genes and microRNAs related to oral leukoplakia carcinogenesis.&lt;br /&gt;
===3.2 Explication of Subordination===&lt;br /&gt;
As mentioned above, the subordination of Chinese sentences is judged by certain specific words in machine translation . Chinese is a paratactic language, and sentences are often connected by internal logical relationships; while English depends on sentence structure, so sentences are often closely linked by various language forms. In order to improve the accuracy of machine translation, we can adjust the sentence structure and adjust the position of adjectives and their modifiers. &lt;br /&gt;
Example 2&lt;br /&gt;
Source abstracts:回顾性分析南京医科大学附属儿童医院中重度HIE患儿49例及同期就诊的无神经系统症状体征的足月新生儿为对照组31例的头颅磁共振成像（MRI）资料。&lt;br /&gt;
Google translation: A retrospective analysis that the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of 49 children with moderate to severe HIE in the Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and full-term neonates with no neurological symptoms and signs during the same period were included in the control group.&lt;br /&gt;
Published translation: A total of 49 children with moderate to severe HIE admitted to the children’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) date of 31 full-term neonates without neurological symptoms and signs who visited the hospital during the same period were recruited as the control group. &lt;br /&gt;
Analysis: As the above example shows that “中重度HIE患儿” and “足月新生儿” in the source abstracts are from the Children’s Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University. The Google translation shows that 49 children with moderate to severe HIE in the Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. There is an error due to the misuse of subordination. There are some advice in order to solve the problem. That is, first to segment the sentence and then reconstruct the sentence. For instance, the Chinese expression “南京医科大学附属儿童医院” carries many modifiers, which requires to cut the modifiers and reconstruct the sentence. Therefore, the Chinese expression “南京医科大学附属儿童医院’can be divided into abstractions, leaving two sentences instead of one long sentence with modifiers..&lt;br /&gt;
After pre-editing source abstracts: 对49例中重度HIE患儿以及31例无神经系统症状体征的足月新生儿的MRI资料进行回顾性分析。这些患者收治于南京医科大学儿童附属医院。&lt;br /&gt;
After pre-editing translation: The MRI data of 49 children with moderate to severe HIE and 31 full-term newborns without neurological symptoms and signs were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were admitted to the Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.&lt;br /&gt;
===3.3 Explication of Subject through Voice Changing===&lt;br /&gt;
The extensive use of subjectless sentences are quite common in the Chinese abstracts, while English prefers to employ passive voice in the sentences so as to make them object and accurate. In order to take the characteristics of English sentences into great and careful consideration, the sentences written in passive voice in particular, it will be helpful for machine translation to find out the subject and reconstruct a sentence in passive voice (Wang Yan: 2008). The first is to discover the “doee” in a sentence and then is to reconstruct the sentence structure and put the “doee” before the verb. The last is to explicate the passive relation between the noun and the verb.&lt;br /&gt;
Example 3&lt;br /&gt;
Source abstract: 回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年12月解放军总医院第七医学中心收治的500例老年髋部骨折患者的资料。&lt;br /&gt;
Google translation: A retrospective analysis of the data of 500 elderly patients with hip fractures admitted to the Seventh Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital from January 2018 to December 2020.&lt;br /&gt;
Published translation: From January 2018 to December 2020, the data of 500 elderly patients with hip fracture treated in the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital were analyzed retrospectively.&lt;br /&gt;
Analysis: The above example indicates that the “回顾性分析”in the Google Translate is a noun phrase, but the source abstracts actually describes an action or a behavior. The reason for such a mistake is that the machine can’t recognize the Chinese subjetless sentences. To find the subject of the sentence, the source abstracts can be revised and adjusted. Finding the “doee” is the first step, which refers to “500例老年髋部骨折患者的资料”in the source abstracts. And next is to put it in front of the verb, that is to place it in the beginning of the sentence. Last but not least, the passive voice should be explicated in the sentence. &lt;br /&gt;
After pre-editing source abstract: 500例老年髋部骨折患者的资料被回顾性分析，他们在2018年1月之2020年12月期间收治于解放军总医院第七医学中心。&lt;br /&gt;
After pre-editing translation: The data of 500 elderly hip fracture patients were retrospectively analyzed. They were admitted to the Seventh Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital between January 2018 and December 2020.&lt;br /&gt;
===3.4 Relocation of Modifiers===&lt;br /&gt;
Modifiers, including noun, adverbial and attributive are constantly employed in the Chinese medical papers in order to add information to subject and object in the sentence. By doing this, complicated sentences can be structured, thus causing obstacles to machine translation for recognizing this complex sentence structures when translating Chinese-English sentences. To make the machine translation successfully recognize the sentence structure, simplifying the sentence structure is quite necessary. The key is to moving the location of the modifiers and thus making the modifiers an independent sentence. In other words, the modifiers ought to be put before or behind the main part of the sentence to satisfy the common use of English. &lt;br /&gt;
Usually, the modifiers in Chinese sentence can only be placed in front of the core word, while in English, modifiers are very flexible. It is all right to place the modifiers in front of or behind the major part of the sentences with adjective or a connective noun.&lt;br /&gt;
Example 4&lt;br /&gt;
Source abstracts: 利用DNA重组技术以pET-28a表达系统在E.coli BL21(DE3) 中重组表达Hepl。&lt;br /&gt;
Google Translation: Hepl is recombined in E.coli BL21 (DE3) using DNA recombination technology with pET-28a expression system.&lt;br /&gt;
Published translation: The recombinant Hcpl protein was expressed by using DNA recombination technology through pET-28a expression system in E. coli BL21 (De3).&lt;br /&gt;
Analysis: The Chinese medical text includes two modifiers, “利用DNA”and “以pET-28a)表达系统”. These two modifiers will be translated by machine, which catches more attention to the two constituents. From the Google translation above, one failure is obvious that it misplaces the location of the two modifiers and presents it in not accurate form. To make it translate correctly by machine translation, dividing the sentences is very important so that the source abstracts can be correctly recognized by machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
After pre-editing source abstract: 利用DNA重组技术，Hcp1重组表达在E.coli BL21 (DE3)中， 通过pET-28a表达系统在E. coli BL21 (DE3)中。&lt;br /&gt;
Google translation: Using DNA recombination technology, Hcp1 recombination is expressed in E.coli BL21 (DE3), via pET-28a expression system in E. coli BL21 (DE3).&lt;br /&gt;
The second is the independence of modifiers, that is, modifiers can also be reconstructed into clauses to modify core words. Compared with English, There is no subordinate clause in Chinese, so redundant Chinese modifiers need to be reconstructed into subordinate clauses in Chinese-English translation to meet the characteristics of English. English, especially sentences with multiple modifiers. Otherwise, sentence structure may be confused, such as scattered modifiers of core words. To avoid this mistake, it is necessary to separate the modifier from the main part of the sentence. These modifiers should be reconstituted into clauses. Also, keep your sentences simple and easy to understand.&lt;br /&gt;
===3.5 Proper Omission and Deletion of Category Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Category words are commonly used in Chinese. Category words complement the meaning of words, including problems, positions, situations and jobs. Adding this supplementary word is more in line with Chinese custom. In many cases, it has no real meaning, so it can be omitted in translation. In Chinese, category words are frequently used. However, it is rarely used in English, which is one of the differences between Chinese and English. There are many kinds of category words. Considering objectivity and the fixed structure of language, redundant category words should be deleted in Chinese-English translation. In the general, the most commonly used category of words in the Chinese medical abstracts are &amp;quot;process&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;behavior&amp;quot;, and &amp;quot;situation&amp;quot;. These categories of words hinder the language conversion of Chinese and English, resulting in redundancy. &lt;br /&gt;
Example 5&lt;br /&gt;
Source abstract: 探讨口腔白斑病癌变进程中的缺氧应答基因及相关微小RNA (miRNA) 的表达。&lt;br /&gt;
Google translation: The expression of hypoxia response genes and associated microRNAs in the process of oral leukoplakia cancer was discussed.&lt;br /&gt;
Published translation: To study the hypoxia response gene and microRNA (miRNA)expression profiles in the pathogenesis and progression of oral leukoplakia (OLK).&lt;br /&gt;
Analysis: As the above example shows, the Chinese words “进程” belongs to a category word. However, the Chinese expression “癌变”contains the process, so the “进程” expression can be deleted before placing it into the machine translation, because the meaning of it has been overlapping between the expression “癌变”. Therefore, its place can be replaced with preposition “during”.&lt;br /&gt;
After pre-editing source abstract: 探讨口腔白斑病癌变中的缺氧应答基因及相关微小RNA (miRNA) 的表达。&lt;br /&gt;
Google translation: The expression of hypoxia responsive genes and miRNA in oral leukoplakia cancer was investigated.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
After years of development, machine translation has made great progress. The accuracy of machine translation has been greatly improved in both text recognition and sentence pattern conversion. However, machine translation has its own limitations. In other words, it needs to rely on the parallel corpus as a reference source for improving its accuracy. ESP text, in particular, is harder to get the high quality by machine translation. &lt;br /&gt;
As one of the research papers, the characteristics of medical abstracts are fixed language structures, objectivity and accuracy (Qin Yi:2004). Therefore, medical translation must be accurate, object and understandable to follow the specific demands of the medical paper. Being an important field in the human society, medical paper translation is on a great demand, which means that it needs a huge demand for human labor. However, with the machine translation promoting, it will be more efficient to translate medical papers combining the effort by human and machine. The improvement and development of machine translation requires the joint efforts of computer science, information science, statistics, linguistics and other academic circles to achieve more mature human-computer mutual assistance translation (Li Yafei, Zhang Ruihua : 2019).&lt;br /&gt;
However, errors can occur during the process of machine translation of Chinese- English, because of the differences of the Chinese and English and the processing of the machine. Errors from the perspective of linguistic or grammar can affect the machine translation a lot. After division and recognition of errors, some pre-editing approaches are put forward to help the machine translation more accurate and readable, that are, extraction and replacement of terms in the source text, relocation of modifiers, explication of subordination, proper omission, deletion of category words and explication of subject through voice changing. &lt;br /&gt;
The paper mainly focuses on the pre-editing machine translation by using medical papers as a case study. The errors of machine translation occurring in the translation of medical abstracts and pre-editing approaches for machine translation. The quality of machine translation of medical papers is greatly improved after employing the pre-editing methods. However, machine translation is not as flexible and accurate as human brain, so it is of importance to combine pre-editing and post-editing approaches with machine translation in order to produce more accurate, more object machine translation of medical papers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
[1]. Cronin, Michael (2013). Translation in the Digital Age[M]. New York&amp;amp;London: Routledge.&lt;br /&gt;
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[2]. GERLACH J, et al ( 2013). Combining Pre-editing and Post-editing to Improve SMT of User-generated Content[M]// Proceedings of MT Summit XIV Workshop on Post-editing Technology and Practice. 45-53.&lt;br /&gt;
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[3]. Slype G V &amp;amp; Guinet J F &amp;amp; Seitz F (1984). Better Translation for Better Communication [M] .Oxford: Pergamon Press Ltd (U.K.), &lt;br /&gt;
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[4]. O'Brien S (2002). Teaching Post-editing: A Proposal for Course Con-tent [EB/OL]. http://mt-archive. Info/EAMT-2002-0brien. Pdf.&lt;br /&gt;
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[5]. Tytler, A. F. (1978). Essay On The Principles of Translation[M]. Amsterdam: JohnBenjamins Publishing.&lt;br /&gt;
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[6] 崔启亮. (2014), 论机器翻译的译后编辑[J], 中国翻译, 035(006):68-73.&lt;br /&gt;
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[7] 冯全功,高琳 (2017) 基于受控语言的译前编辑对机器翻译的影响[J]. 当代外语研究,(2): 63-68+87+110.&lt;br /&gt;
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[8] 胡清平(2005). 机器翻译中的受控语言[J]. 中国科技翻译, (03): 24-27. &lt;br /&gt;
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[9] 连淑能 (2010). 英汉对比研究增订本[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社.&lt;br /&gt;
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[11] 秦毅(2004),从翻译基本标准议医学英语的翻译[J]. 遵义医学院学报,27 (4): 421-423. &lt;br /&gt;
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=12 蔡珠凤=(The Mistranslation of C-J Machine Translation of Political Statements)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_12]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
Language is the main way of communication between people. With the continuous development of globalization, the scale of cross-border exchanges is also expanding. However, due to cultural differences and diversity, the languages of different countries and regions are very different, which seriously hinders people's communication. The demand for efficient and convenient translation tools is increasing. At the same time, with the development of network technology and artificial intelligence, recognition technology based on deep learning is more and more widely used in English, Japanese and other fields.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
machine translation; political statements; mistranslation of C-J machine translation&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
The Mistranslation of C-J Machine Translation of Political Statements&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
语言是人与人之间交流的主要方式。随着全球化的不断发展，跨境交流的规模也在不断扩大。然而，由于文化的差异和多样性，不同国家和地区的语言差异很大，这严重阻碍了人们的交流。对高效便捷的翻译工具的需求正在增加。同时，随着网络技术和人工智能的发展，基于深度学习的识别技术在英语、日语等领域的应用越来越广泛。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译；政治发言；政治发言中译日的误译&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
===Introduction to machine translation===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation, also known as automatic translation, is a process of using computers to convert one natural language (source language) into another natural language (target language). It is a branch of computational linguistics, one of the ultimate goals of artificial intelligence, and has important scientific research value.At the same time, machine translation has important practical value. With the rapid development of economic globalization and the Internet, machine translation technology plays a more and more important role in promoting political, economic and cultural exchanges.The development of machine translation technology has been closely accompanied by the development of computer technology, information theory, linguistics and other disciplines. From the early dictionary matching, to the rule translation of dictionaries combined with linguistic expert knowledge, and then to the statistical machine translation based on corpus, with the improvement of computer computing power and the explosive growth of multilingual information, machine translation technology gradually stepped out of the ivory tower and began to provide real-time and convenient translation services for general users.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== C-J machine translation software===&lt;br /&gt;
Today's online machine translation software includes Baidu translation, Tencent translation, Google translation, Youdao translation, Bing translation and so on. Google was the first company to launch the machine translation system, and Baidu was the first company to import the machine translation system in China. In addition, Tencent and Youdao have attracted much attention.Machine translation is the process of using computers to convert one natural language into another. It usually refers to sentence and full-text translation between natural languages. In order to continuously improve the translation quality, R &amp;amp; D personnel have added artificial intelligence technologies such as speech recognition, image processing and deep neural network to machine translation on the basis of traditional machine translation based on rules, statistics and examples.With the increase of using machine translation, the joint cooperation between manual translation and machine translation will also increase significantly in the future. What criteria should be used to evaluate the quality of machine translation? In the evolving field of machine translation, there is an urgent need to clarify the unsolvable questions and solved problems.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===The history of machine translation===&lt;br /&gt;
The research history of machine translation can be traced back to the 1930s and 1940s. In the early 1930s, the French scientist G.B. alchuni put forward the idea of using machines for translation. In 1933, Soviet inventor П.П. Trojansky designed a machine to translate one language into another, and registered his invention on September 5 of the same year; However, due to the low technical level in the 1930s, his translation machine was not made. In 1946, the first modern electronic computer ENIAC was born. Shortly after that, W. weaver, an American scientist and A. D. booth, a British engineer, a pioneer of information theory, put forward the idea of automatic language translation by computer in 1947 when discussing the application scope of electronic computer. In 1949, W. Weaver published the translation memorandum, which formally put forward the idea of machine translation. After 60 years of ups and downs, machine translation has experienced a tortuous and long development path. The academic community generally divides it into the following four stages:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pioneering period（1947-1964）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1954, with the cooperation of IBM, Georgetown University completed the English Russian machine translation experiment with ibm-701 computer for the first time, showing the feasibility of machine translation to the public and the scientific community, thus opening the prelude to the study of machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
It is not too late for China to start this research. As early as 1956, the state included this research in the national scientific work development plan. The topic name is &amp;quot;machine translation, the construction of natural language translation rules and the mathematical theory of natural language&amp;quot;. In 1957, the Institute of language and the Institute of computing technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences cooperated in the Russian Chinese machine translation experiment, translating 9 different types of more complex sentences.From the 1950s to the first half of the 1960s, machine translation research has been on the rise. The United States and the former Soviet Union, two superpowers, have provided a lot of financial support for machine translation projects for military, political and economic purposes, while European countries have also paid considerable attention to machine translation research due to geopolitical and economic needs, and machine translation has become an upsurge for a time. In this period, although machine translation is just in the pioneering stage, it has entered an optimistic period of prosperity.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Frustrated period（1964-1975）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1964, in order to evaluate the research progress of machine translation, the American Academy of Sciences established the automatic language processing Advisory Committee (Alpac Committee) and began a two-year comprehensive investigation, analysis and test.In November 1966, the committee published a report entitled &amp;quot;language and machine&amp;quot; (Alpac report for short), which comprehensively denied the feasibility of machine translation and suggested stopping the financial support for machine translation projects. The publication of this report has dealt a blow to the booming machine translation, and the research of machine translation has fallen into a standstill. Coincidentally, during this period, China broke out the &amp;quot;ten-year Cultural Revolution&amp;quot;, and basically these studies also stagnated. Machine translation has entered a depression.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
convalescence（1975-1989）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Since the 1970s, with the development of science and technology and the increasingly frequent exchange of scientific and technological information among countries, the language barriers between countries have become more serious. The traditional manual operation mode has been far from meeting the needs, and there is an urgent need for computers to engage in translation. At the same time, the development of computer science and linguistics, especially the substantial improvement of computer hardware technology and the application of artificial intelligence in natural language processing, have promoted the recovery of machine translation research from the technical level. Machine translation projects have begun to develop again, and various practical and experimental systems have been launched successively, such as weinder system Eurpotra multilingual translation system, taum-meteo system, etc.However, after the end of the &amp;quot;ten-year holocaust&amp;quot;, China has perked up again, and machine translation research has been put on the agenda again. The &amp;quot;784&amp;quot; project has paid enough attention to machine translation research. After the mid-1980s, the development of machine translation research in China has further accelerated. Firstly, two English Chinese machine translation systems, ky-1 and MT / ec863, have been successfully developed, indicating that China has made great progress in machine translation technology.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
New period(1990 present)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With the universal application of the Internet, the acceleration of the process of world economic integration and the increasingly frequent exchanges in the international community, the traditional way of manual operation is far from meeting the rapidly growing needs of translation. People's demand for machine translation has increased unprecedentedly, and machine translation has ushered in a new development opportunity. International conferences on machine translation research have been held frequently, and China has made unprecedented achievements. A series of machine translation software have been launched, such as &amp;quot;Yixing&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Yaxin&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Tongyi&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Huajian&amp;quot;, etc. Driven by the market demand, the commercial machine translation system has entered the practical stage, entered the market and came to the users.Since the new century, with the emergence and popularization of the Internet, the amount of data has increased sharply, and statistical methods have been fully applied. Internet companies have set up machine translation research groups and developed machine translation systems based on Internet big data, so as to make machine translation really practical, such as &amp;quot;Baidu translation&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Google translation&amp;quot;, etc. In recent years, with the progress of in-depth learning, machine translation technology has further developed, which has promoted the rapid improvement of translation quality, and the translation in oral and other fields is more authentic and fluent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===The problem of machine translation at present===&lt;br /&gt;
Error is inevitable&lt;br /&gt;
Many people have misunderstandings about machine translation. They think that machine translation has great deviation and can't help people solve any problems. In fact, the error is inevitable. The reason is that machine translation uses linguistic principles. The machine automatically recognizes grammar, calls the stored thesaurus and automatically performs corresponding translation. However, errors are inevitable due to changes or irregularities in grammar, morphology and syntax, such as sentences with adverbials after &amp;quot;give me a reason to kill you first&amp;quot; in Dahua journey to the West. After all, a machine is a machine. No one has special feelings for language. How can it feel the lasting charm of &amp;quot;the tenderness of lowering its head, like the shame of a water lotus? After all, the meaning of Chinese is very different due to the changes of morphology, grammar and syntax and the change of context. Even many Chinese people are zhanger monks - they can't touch their heads, let alone machines.&lt;br /&gt;
Bottleneck&lt;br /&gt;
In fact, no matter which method, the biggest factor affecting the development of machine translation lies in the quality of translation. Judging from the achievements, the quality of machine translation is still far from the ultimate goal.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese mathematician and linguist Zhou Haizhong once pointed out in his paper &amp;quot;fifty years of machine translation&amp;quot;: to improve the quality of machine translation, the first thing to solve is the problem of language itself rather than programming; It is certainly impossible to improve the quality of machine translation by relying on several programs alone. At the same time, he also pointed out that it is impossible for machine translation to achieve the degree of &amp;quot;faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance&amp;quot; when human beings have not yet understood how the brain performs fuzzy recognition and logical judgment of language. This view may reveal the bottleneck restricting the quality of translation. &lt;br /&gt;
It is worth mentioning that American inventor and futurist ray cozwell predicted in an interview with Huffington Post that the quality of machine translation will reach the level of human translation by 2029. There are still many disputes about this thesis in the academic circles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.Mistranslation of Chinese Japanese machine translation===&lt;br /&gt;
===2.1Vocabulary mistranslation in Chinese Japanese machine translation===&lt;br /&gt;
===2.1.1Mistranslation of proper nouns===&lt;br /&gt;
In political materials, there are often political dignitaries' names, place names or a large number of proper nouns in the political field. The morphemes of such words are definite and inseparable. Mistranslation will make the source language lose its specific meaning. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Japanese translation into Chinese                                                 Chinese translation into Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
	                         &lt;br /&gt;
original text    translation by Youdao	reference translation	      original text 	  translation by Youdao	       reference translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
朱鎔基	               朱基	               朱镕基                    栗战书	                栗戰史書	               栗戰書&lt;br /&gt;
	             &lt;br /&gt;
労安	               劳安	                劳安                     李克强	                 李克強	                       李克強	&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
筑紫哲也	     筑紫哲也	              筑紫哲也                   习近平	                 習近平	                       習近平&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;br /&gt;
山口百惠	     山口百惠	              山口百惠	                  韩正	                  韓中	                        韓正&lt;br /&gt;
	      &lt;br /&gt;
田中角栄	     田中角荣	              田中角荣                   王沪宁	                 王上海氏	               王滬寧&lt;br /&gt;
	      &lt;br /&gt;
東条英機	     东条英社	              东条英机                     汪洋	                   汪洋	                        汪洋&lt;br /&gt;
	  &lt;br /&gt;
毛沢东	             毛泽东	               毛泽东                    赵乐际	                  趙樂南	               趙樂際&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;br /&gt;
トウ・ショウヘイ　　　大酱	               邓小平                    江泽民	                  江沢民	               江沢民&lt;br /&gt;
	 &lt;br /&gt;
周恩来	             周恩来                    周恩来&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
クリントン	     克林顿                    克林顿&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The above table counts 18 special names in the two texts, and 7 machine translation errors. In terms of mistranslation, there are not only &amp;quot;战书&amp;quot; but also &amp;quot;戰史&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;史書&amp;quot; in Chinese. &amp;quot;沪&amp;quot; is the abbreviation of Shanghai. In other words, since &amp;quot;战书&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;沪&amp;quot; are originally common nouns, this disrupts the choice of target language in machine translation. Except Katakana interference (except for トウシゃウヘイ, most of the mistranslations appear in the new Standing Committee. It can be seen that the machine translation system does not update the thesaurus in time. Different from other words, people's names have particularity. Especially as members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, the translation of their names is officially unified. In this regard, public figures such as political dignitaries, stars, famous hosts and important. In addition, the machine also translates Japanese surnames such as &amp;quot;タ二モト&amp;quot; (谷本), &amp;quot;アンドウ&amp;quot; (安藤) into &amp;quot;塔尼莫特&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;龙胆&amp;quot;. It can be found that the language feature that Japanese will be written together with Chinese characters and Hiragana also directly affects the translation quality of Japanese Chinese machine translation. Japanese people often use Katakana pronunciation. For example, when Japanese people talk with Premier Zhu, they often use &amp;quot;二ーハウ&amp;quot; (Hello). However, the machine only recognizes the two pseudonyms &amp;quot;二&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;ハ&amp;quot; and transliterates them into &amp;quot;尼哈&amp;quot; , ignoring the long sound after &amp;quot;二&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;ハ&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
original text 	                                      Translation by Youdao	                        reference translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
日美安全体制	                                        日米の安全体制	                                   日米安保体制&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会	                 中国共産党第19回全国代表大会	             中国共産党第19回全国代表大会（第19回党大会）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
十八大	                                                    十八大	                               第18回党大会中国特色社会主义&lt;br /&gt;
	                     &lt;br /&gt;
中国特色社会主義	                            中国の特色ある社会主義                                     第18回党大会&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中国共产党中央委员会	                             中国共産党中央委員会	                           中国共産党中央委員会&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中国共産党中央委員会十八届中共中央政治局常委	第18代中国共產党中央政治局常務委員                      第18期中共中央政治局常務委員&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
十八届中共中央政治局委员	                  18期の中国共產党中央政治局委員	                 第18期中共中央政治局委員&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
十九届中共中央政治局常委	                十九回中国共產党中央政治局常務委員	                 第19期中央政治局常務委員&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中共十九届一中全会                                中国共產党第十九回一中央委員会	               第19期中央委員会第1回全体会議&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The above table is a comparison of the original and translated versions of some proper nouns. As shown in the table, the mistranslation problems are mainly reflected in the mismatch of numerals + quantifiers, the wrong addition of case auxiliary word &amp;quot;の&amp;quot;, the lack of connectors, the Mistranslation of abbreviations, dead translation, and the writing errors of Chinese characters. The following is a specific analysis one by one.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;十八届中共中央政治局常委&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;十八届中共中央政治局委员&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;十九届中共中央政治局常委&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;中共十九届一中全会&amp;quot; all have quantifiers &amp;quot;届&amp;quot;, which are translated into &amp;quot;代&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;期&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;回&amp;quot; respectively. The meaning is vague and should be uniformly translated into &amp;quot;期&amp;quot;; Among them, the translation of the last three proper nouns lacks the Chinese conjunction &amp;quot;第&amp;quot;. The case auxiliary word &amp;quot;の&amp;quot; was added by mistake in the translation of &amp;quot;十八届中共中央政治局委员&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;日美安全体制&amp;quot;. The &amp;quot;中国共产党中央委员会&amp;quot; did not write in the form of Japanese Ming Dynasty characters, but directly used simplified Chinese characters.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The full name of &amp;quot;中共十九届一中全会&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;中国共产党第十九届中央委员会第一次全体会议&amp;quot;, in which &amp;quot;一&amp;quot; stands for &amp;quot;第一次&amp;quot;, which is an ordinal word rather than a cardinal word. Machine translation does not produce a correct translation. The fundamental reason is that there are no &amp;quot;规则&amp;quot; for translating such words in machine translation. If we can formulate corresponding rules for such words (for example, 中共m'1届m2 中全会→第m1期中央委员会第m2回全体会议), the translation system must be able to translate well no matter how many plenary sessions of the CPC Central Committee.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.1.2Mistranslation of Polysemy===&lt;br /&gt;
original text 	                                               Translation by Youdao	                             reference translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
スタジオ	                                                   摄影棚/工作室	                                 直播现场/演播厅&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
日中関係の話	                                                   中日关系的故事	                                就中日关系(话题)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
溝	                                                                水沟	                                              鸿沟&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
それでは日中の問題について質問のある方。	             那么对白天的问题有提问的人。	                  关于中日问题的话题，举手提问。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
私たちのクラスは20人ちょっとですが、                             我们班有20人左右，                               我们班二十多人的意见统一很难，&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
いろいろな意見が出て、まとめるのは大変です。            但是又各种各样的意见，总结起来很困难。                   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
一体どうやって、13億人もの人をまとめているんですか。	    到底是怎么处理13亿的人的呢？  	                   中国是怎样把13亿人凝聚在一起的？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the original text, the word &amp;quot;スタジオ&amp;quot; appeared four times and was translated into &amp;quot;摄影棚&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;工作室&amp;quot; respectively, but the context is on-site interview, not the production site of photography or film. &amp;quot;話&amp;quot; has many semantics, such as &amp;quot;说话&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;事情&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;道理&amp;quot;, etc. In accordance with the practice of the interview program, Premier Zhu Rongji was invited to answer five questions on the topic of China Japan relations. Obviously, the meaning of the word &amp;quot;故事&amp;quot; is very abrupt. The inherent Japanese word &amp;quot;日中&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;晌午、白天&amp;quot;. At the same time, it is also the abbreviation of the names of the two countries. The machine failed to deal with it correctly according to the context. &amp;quot;溝&amp;quot; refers to the gap between China and Japan, not a &amp;quot;水沟&amp;quot;. The former &amp;quot;まとめる&amp;quot; appears in the original text with the word &amp;quot;意见&amp;quot;, which is intended to describe that it is difficult to unify everyone's opinions. The latter &amp;quot;まとめている&amp;quot; also refers to unifying the thoughts of 1.3 billion people, not &amp;quot;处理&amp;quot;. Therefore, it is more appropriate to use &amp;quot;统一&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;处理&amp;quot; in human translation, rather than &amp;quot;总结意见&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;处理意见&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mistranslation of polysemy has always been a difficult problem in machine translation research. The translation of each word is correct, but it is often very different from the original expression in the context. Zhang Zhengzeng said that ambiguity is a common phenomenon in natural language. Its essence is that the same language form may have different meanings, which is also one of the differences between natural language and artificial language. Therefore, one of the difficulties faced by machine translation is language disambiguation (Zhang Zheng, 2005:60). In this regard, we can mark all the meanings of polysemous words and judge which meaning to choose by common collocation with other words. At the same time, strengthen the text recognition ability of the machine to avoid the translation inconsistent with the current context. In this way, we can avoid the mistake of &amp;quot;大酱&amp;quot; in the place where famous figures such as Deng Xiaoping should have appeared in the previous political articles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.1.3Mistranslation of compound words===&lt;br /&gt;
Multi class words refer to a word with two or more parts of speech, also known as the same word and different classes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
original text 	                                Translation by Youdao	                                  reference translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1998年江泽民主席曾经访问日本,             1998年の江沢民国家主席の日本訪問し、                   1998年、江沢民総書記が日本を訪問し、かつ&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
同已故小渊首相签署了联合宣言。	         かつて同じ故小渕首相が署名した共同宣言	                 亡くなられた小渕総理と宣言に調印されました&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese &amp;quot;同&amp;quot; has two parts of speech: prepositions and conjunctions: &amp;quot;故&amp;quot; has many parts of speech, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives and conjunctions. This directly affects the judgment of the machine at the source language level. The word &amp;quot;同&amp;quot; in the above table is used as a conjunction to indicate the other party of a common act. &amp;quot;故&amp;quot; is used as a verb with the semantic meaning of &amp;quot;死亡&amp;quot;, which is a modifier of &amp;quot;小渊首相&amp;quot;. The machine regards &amp;quot;同&amp;quot; as an adjective and &amp;quot;故&amp;quot; as a noun &amp;quot;原因&amp;quot;, which leads to confusion in the structure and unclear semantics of the translation. Different from the polysemy problem, multi category words have at least two parts of speech, and there is often not only one meaning under each part of speech. In this regard, software R &amp;amp; D personnel should fully consider the existence of multi category words, so that the translation machine can distinguish the meaning of words on the basis of marking the part of speech, so as to select the translation through the context and the components of the word in the sentence. Of course, the realization of this function is difficult, and we need to give full play to the wisdom of R &amp;amp; D personnel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.2 Syntactic mistranslation in Chinese Japanese machine translation===&lt;br /&gt;
===2.2.1Mistranslation of tenses===&lt;br /&gt;
original text：History is written by the people, and all achievements are attributed to the people. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Translation by Youdao：歴史は人民が書いたものであり、すべての成果は人民のためである。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
reference translation：歴史は人民が綴っていくものであり、すべての成果は人民に帰することとなります。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The original sentence meaning is &amp;quot;历史是人民书写的历史&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;历史是人民书写的东西&amp;quot;. When translated into Japanese, due to the influence of Japanese language habits, the formal noun &amp;quot;もの&amp;quot; should be supplemented accordingly. In this sentence, both the machine and the interpreter have translated correctly. However, the machine's recognition of &amp;quot;的&amp;quot; is biased, resulting in tense translation errors. The past, present and future will become &amp;quot;history&amp;quot;, and this is a continuous action. The form translated as &amp;quot;~ ていく&amp;quot; not only reflects that the action is a continuous action, but also conforms to the tense and semantic information of the original text. In addition, the machine's treatment of the preposition &amp;quot;于&amp;quot; is also inappropriate. In the original text, &amp;quot;人民&amp;quot; is the recipient of action, not the target language. As the most obvious feature of isolated language, function words in Chinese play an important role in semantic expression, and their translation should be regarded as a focus of machine translation research.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
original text：李克强同志是十六届中共中央政治局常委,其他五位同志都是十六届中共中央政治局委员。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Translation by Youdao：李克強総理は第16代中国共産党中央政治局常務委員であり、他の５人の同志はいずれも16期の中国共産党中央政治局委員である。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
reference translation：李克強同志は第16期中国共産党中央政治局常務委員を務め、他の５人は第16期中共中央政治局委員を務めました。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Judging the verb &amp;quot;是&amp;quot; in the original text plays its most basic positive role, but due to the complexity of Chinese language, &amp;quot;是&amp;quot; often can not be completely transformed into the form of &amp;quot;だ / である&amp;quot; in the process of translation. This sentence is a judgment of what has happened. Compared with the 19th session, the 18th session has become history. This is an implicit temporal information. It is very difficult for machines without human brain to recognize this implicit information. &amp;quot;中共中央政治局常委&amp;quot; is the abbreviation of &amp;quot;中共中央政治局常务委员会委员&amp;quot; and it is a kind of position. In Japanese, often use it with verbs such as &amp;quot;務める&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;担当する&amp;quot;,etc. The translator adopts the past tense of &amp;quot;務める&amp;quot;, which conforms to the expression habit of Japanese and deals with the problem of tense at the same time. However, machine translation only mechanically translates this sentence into judgment sentence, and fails to correctly deal with the past information implied by the word &amp;quot;十八届&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.2.2Mistranslation of honorifics===&lt;br /&gt;
Honorific language is a language means to show respect to the listener. Different from Japanese, there is no grammatical category of honorifics in Chinese. There is no specific fixed grammatical form to express honorifics, self modesty and politeness. Instead, specific words such as &amp;quot;您&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;请&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;劳驾&amp;quot; are used to express all kinds of respect or self modesty. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Original text                              translation by Youdao                                  reference translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
女士们，先生们，同志们，朋友们     さんたち、先生たち、同志たち、お友达さん　　                      ご列席の皆さん&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
谢谢大家！                                 ありがとうございます！                             ご清聴ありがとうございました。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
これはどうされますか。                         这是怎么回事呢?                                     您将如何解决这一问题？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
こうした問題をどうお考えでしょうか。       我们会如何考虑这些问题呢？                               您如何看待这一问题？&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
For example, for the processing of &amp;quot;女士们，先生们，同志们，朋友们&amp;quot;, the machine makes the translation correspond to the original one by one based on the principle of unchanged format, but there are errors in semantic communication and pragmatic habits. When speaking on formal occasions, Chinese expression tends to be comprehensive and detailed, as well as the address of the audience. In contrast, Japanese usually uses general terms such as &amp;quot;皆様&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;ご臨席の皆さん&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;代表団の方々&amp;quot; as the opening remarks. In terms of Japanese Chinese translation, the machine also failed to recognize the usage of Japanese honorifics such as &amp;quot;さ れ る&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;お考え&amp;quot;. It can be seen that Chinese Japanese machine translation has a low ability to deal with honorific expressions. The occasion is more formal. A good translation should not only be fluent in meaning, but also conform to the expression habits of the target language and match the current translation environment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
In the process of discussing the Mistranslation of machine translation, this paper mainly cites the Mistranslation of Youdao translator. When I studied the problem of machine translation mistranslation, I also used a large number of translation software such as Google and Baidu for parallel comparison, and found that these translation software also had similar problems with Youdao translator. For example, the &amp;quot;新世界新未来&amp;quot; in Chinese ABAC structural phrases is translated by Baidu as &amp;quot;新し世界の新しい未来&amp;quot;, which, like Youdao, is not translated in the form of parallel phrases; Google online translation translates the word &amp;quot;“全心全意&amp;quot; into a completely wrong &amp;quot;全面的に&amp;quot;; The original sentence &amp;quot;我吃了很多亏&amp;quot; in the Mistranslation of the unique expression in the language is translated by Google online as &amp;quot;私はたくさんの損失を食べました&amp;quot;. Because the &amp;quot;吃&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;亏&amp;quot; in the original text are not closely adjacent, the machine can not recognize this echo and mistakenly treats &amp;quot;亏&amp;quot; as a kind of food, so the machine translates the predicate as &amp;quot;食べました&amp;quot;; Japanese &amp;quot;こうした問題をどう考えでしょうか&amp;quot;, Google's online translation is &amp;quot;你如何看待这些问题?&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;你&amp;quot; tone can not reflect the tone of Japanese honorific, while Baidu translates as &amp;quot;你怎么想这样的问题呢?&amp;quot; Although the meaning can be understood, it is an irregular spoken language. Google and Baidu also made the same mistakes as Youdao in the translation of proper nouns. For example, they translated &amp;quot;十七届(中共中央政治局常委)”&amp;quot; into &amp;quot;第17回...&amp;quot; .In short, similar mistranslations of Youdao are also common in Baidu and Google. Due to space constraints, they will not be listed one by one here.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Mr. Liu Yongquan, Institute of language, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (1997) It has been pointed out that machine translation is a linguistic problem in the final analysis. Although corpus based machine translation does not require a lot of linguistic knowledge, language expression is ever-changing. Machine translation based solely on statistical ideas can not avoid the translation quality problems caused by the lack of language rules. The following is based on the analysis of lexical, syntactic and other mistranslations From the perspective of the characteristics of the source language, this paper summarizes some difficulties of Chinese and Japanese in machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(1) The difficulties of Chinese in machine translation &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese is a typical isolated language. The relationship between words needs to be reflected by word order and function words. We should pay attention to the transformation of function words such as &amp;quot;的&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;在&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;向&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;了&amp;quot;. Some special verbs, such as &amp;quot;是&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;做&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;作&amp;quot;, are widely used. How to translate on the basis of conforming to Japanese pragmatic habits and expressions is a difficulty in machine translation research. In terms of word order, Chinese is basically &amp;quot;subject→predicate→object&amp;quot;. At the same time, Chinese pays attention to parataxis, and there is no need to be clear in expression with meaningful cohesion, which increases the difficulty of Chinese Japanese machine translation. When there are multiple verbs or modifier components in complex long sentences, machine translation usually can not accurately divide the components of the sentence, resulting in the result that the translation is completely unreadable. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(2) Difficulties of Japanese in machine translation &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Both Chinese and Japanese languages use Chinese characters, and most machines produce the target language through the corresponding translation of Chinese characters. However, pseudonyms in Japanese play an important role in judging the part of speech and meaning, and can not only recognize Chinese characters and judge the structure and semantics of sentences. Japanese vocabulary is composed of Chinese vocabulary, inherent vocabulary and foreign vocabulary. Among them, the first two have a great impact on Chinese Japanese machine translation. For example &amp;quot;提出&amp;quot; is translated as &amp;quot;提出する&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;打ち出す&amp;quot;; and &amp;quot;重视&amp;quot; is translated as &amp;quot;重視する&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;大切にする&amp;quot;. Japanese is an adhesive language, which contains a lot of &amp;quot;けど&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;が&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;けれども&amp;quot; Some of them are transitional and progressive structures, but there are also some sequential expressions that do not need translation, and these translation software often can not accurately grasp them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
[1] Navroz Kaur Kahlon;Williamjeet Singh.Machine translation from text to sign language: a systematic review[J].Universal Access in the Information Society,2021(prepublish):1-35.&lt;br /&gt;
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[2] Cao Qianyu;Hao Hanmei;Ahmed Syed Hassan.A Chaotic Neural Network Model for English Machine Translation Based on Big Data Analysis[J].Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience,2021,2021:3274326-3274326.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[3]Hwang Yongkeun;Kim Yanghoon;Jung Kyomin.Context-Aware Neural Machine Translation for Korean Honorific Expressions[J].Electronics,2021,10(13):1589-1589.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[4]Zakaryia Almahasees.Analysing English-Arabic Machine Translation:Google Translate, Microsoft Translator and Sakhr,2021.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[5]Machine learning in translation[J].Nature Biomedical Engineering,2021,5(6):485-486.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[6]Shaimaa Marzouk.An in-depth analysis of the individual impact of controlled language rules on machine translation output: a mixed-methods approach[J].Machine Translation,2021(prepublish):1-37.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
[7]Welnitzová Katarína;Munková Daša.Sentence-structure errors of machine translation into Slovak[J].Topics in Linguistics,2021,22(1):78-92.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[8]Xu Xueyuan.Machine learning-based prediction of urban soil environment and corpus translation teaching[J].Arabian Journal of Geosciences,2021,14(11). &lt;br /&gt;
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[9]陈丙昌.機械翻訳の誤訳分析【D】.贵州大学.2016(05) &lt;br /&gt;
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[10]呂寅秋.機械翻訳の言語規則と伝統文法との相違点.日本学研究.1996(00):21-22 &lt;br /&gt;
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[11]刘君.基于语料库的中日同形词词义用法对比及其日中机器翻译研究【D】.广西大学.2014(03) &lt;br /&gt;
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[12]崔倩倩.机器翻译错误与译后编辑策略研究【D】.北京外国语大学.2019(09) &lt;br /&gt;
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[13]张义.机器翻译的译文分析【D】.西安外国语大学.2019(10) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[14]张琳婧.在线机器翻译中日翻译错误原因及对策【D】.山西大学.2019(02)&lt;br /&gt;
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[15]王丹.基于机器翻译的专利文本译后编辑对策研究【D】.大连理工大学.2020(06)&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
[16]杨晓琨.日中机器翻译中的前编辑规则与效果验证【D】.大连理工大学.2020(06)&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
[17]左嘉. 机器翻译日译汉误译研究[D]. 北京第二外国语学院, 2021.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[18]关碧莹.关于政治类发言的汉日机器翻译误译分析[D].哈尔滨理工大学, 2018.&lt;br /&gt;
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[19]车彤.汉译日机器翻译质量评估及译后编辑策略研究【D】.北京外国语大学.2021(09)&lt;br /&gt;
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Networking Linking&lt;br /&gt;
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http://www.elecfans.com/rengongzhineng/692245.html&lt;br /&gt;
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https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91/411793&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=13 陈湘琼Chen Xiangqiong（Study on Post-editing from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory ）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_13]]&lt;br /&gt;
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=14 Bi bi Nadia（Machine Translation a Challenge for Human Translators)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_14]]&lt;br /&gt;
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===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation is a big obstacle in the way of Human translators or interpretors although it is quick and less time consuming.people are trying to get translation of their target language using through source language.For this purpose they are using digital apps like Google translation Google translation does not give accurate and exact interpretation.Google translator is translates word to word translate that doesn't clarifies it's true and actual meaning.On the other hand human translators can give exact and accurate translation ,they take care of grammatical errors , diction and sentence structure.They clarify the purpose of target language through using source language.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Keywords===&lt;br /&gt;
Descriptive translation, academic, interdiscipline, comparative literature, localization,Translatology,school of thought,translation , studies, linguistics, corresponding.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Body of article===&lt;br /&gt;
Translation is the process of reworking text from one language into another to maintain the original message and communication. But, like everything else, there are different methods of translation, and they vary in form and function. What is translation? The term has become widely used among knowledge transfer researchers and practitioners, especially in the fields of health and health care. In a landmark review, Jonathan Lomas began to argue that 'The tasks… may be defined as to establish and maintain links between researchers and their audience, via the appropriate translation of research findings' (Lomas 1997, p 4). In 2004, the World Health Organization's World Report on Knowledge for Better Health suggested that 'One of the key contributions of research to health systems is the translation of knowledge into actions' (WHO 2004, p 33 and p 100). By 2006, special issues of WHO's Bulletin as well as the journals Evaluation and the Health Professions and the Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions were dedicated to translation.But what does 'translation' mean? It may be a new word for an old problem, meaning nothing more than 'transfer'. The rapidly emerging field of 'translational medicine' seems to take translation to mean generally what transfer might have meant, that is the transmission of knowledge and evidence 'from bench to bedside'. As one commentator has observed, &amp;quot;Translational medicine&amp;quot; as a fashionable term is being increasingly used to describe the wish of biomedical researchers to ultimately help patients' (Wehling 2008, abstract). &lt;br /&gt;
Semantic uncertainty persists, not least because of the different interests of scientists, clinicians, patients and commercial firms (Littman et al 2007): 'Translational research means different things to different people, but it seems important to almost everyone' (Woolf 2008, p 211).&lt;br /&gt;
In related fields, such as public health (Armstrong et al 2006), 'translation' seems to signify dissatisfaction with 'transfer'. It wants to move away from thinking of knowledge transfer as a form of technology transfer or dissemination, rejecting if only by implication its mechanistic assumptions and its model of linear messaging from A to B. But still, what does it signify?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Why translation?===&lt;br /&gt;
'Translation' indicates a closer attention to the problem of shared meaning and how it might be developed. It seems to represent some new epistemological lubricant, facilitating the dissemination of texts and the application and use of the knowledge and information they  in. Simply, translation might be the key to transfer. And yet, when we stop to think, we are more ambivalent. What is translated often seems somehow inferior, not real or original. Note how readily commentators reach for the idea that things might be 'lost in translation'. Knowing at a distance – made in and mediated by translation - makes for incomplete renditions, blurred images, partial truths. So what might 'translation' really mean? The purpose of this paper is to set out, for policy makers and practitioners, the theoretical and conceptual resources translation holds and seems to represent. In doing so, it explores understandings of translation in the fields of literature and linguistics and in the sociology of science and technology. It begins by setting out just why this idea of translation should make immediate, intuitive sense in relation to research, policy and practice.&lt;br /&gt;
1translation in research, policy and practice research as translation&lt;br /&gt;
Research often entails translation from one language to another: where data is collected from more than one ethnic group, for example, or where the language of the researcher is other than that of the research subject. It may draw on a secondary literature or source documents written in different languages, and may be published and disseminated in languages other than the one in which it is first written up.&lt;br /&gt;
2In a different way, to conduct an interview is to ask for an account of experience and its meanings, but it is also to construct and translate that experience in terms defined at least in part by the researcher. In representing what is said, transcripts then select data, usually excluding significant gesture and eye-contact, for example. Often, certain characteristics of speech-acts (such as hesitations) will be edited out. In turn, the format of the transcript shapes the analytic use the researcher may make of it. The basis of research 'findings', then, is an artefact, a transcript or translation, not an original interaction (Ochs 1979, Barnes, Bloor and Henry 1996, Ross 2009).&lt;br /&gt;
3In this way, the researcher recasts aspects of his or her problem or topic in new, scientific form: 'All researchers &amp;quot;translate&amp;quot; the experiences of others' (Temple 1997, p 609). Research is invariably conducted in a sort of 'metalanguage' (Hantrais and Ager 1985): the research process can be conceived as one of successive translations (from theoretical formulation to operationalization, transcription, interpretation and dissemination). Theorization is a process of reciprocal back and forth between theory and fact, in which conceptions of each are revised in order that one fit the other (Baldamus 1974).&lt;br /&gt;
4 It is a kind of translation: a rereading, re-use, re-application or re-representation of what we know in new terms (Turner 1980). Referencing, too, is an act of translation, a form of appropriation and incorporation of one text by another (Gilbert 1977).policy as translation Each of the fields covered by the paper is diverse and ill-defined, and there is no intention here to provide a comprehensive account of any them. Sources have been chosen for their relevance: main references are cited in the text, and additional sources listed in footnotes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2For a brief introduction to the technical issues involved in social research in more than one language, see Birbili (2000). For translation issues in survey research and question design in general, see Ervin and Bower (1952) and Deutscher (1968); on translating survey research instruments (in this instance health-related quality of life measures), Bowden and Fox-Rushby (2003). On the use of translators and interpreters, see Temple (1997) and Jentsch (1998).&lt;br /&gt;
3For an interesting discussion of this problem, see Bourdieu (1999), esp pp 621-626, 'The risks of writing'. &lt;br /&gt;
===Difference between machine translation and human translators===&lt;br /&gt;
Few people disagree on the differences between the two, but many argue over the quality of the translations. How accurate are machine translations? How reliable are human translations? Some say machine translation produces near-perfect translations while others are adamant that translations are incomprehensible and cause more problems than they solve. Results will, of course, vary depending on the source and target languages, the machine translation service used (e.g. Google Translate), and the complexity of the original text.&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation, love it or hate it, is here to stay. In fact, the machine translation market is growing at such a fast pace that it is predicted to reach $980 million by 2022.&lt;br /&gt;
===Machine translation: the pros and cons===&lt;br /&gt;
The advantages of machine translation generally come down to two factors: it’s faster and cheaper. The downside to this is the standard of translation can be anywhere from inaccurate, to incomprehensible, and potentially dangerous (more on that shortly).&lt;br /&gt;
==The advantages of machine translation==&lt;br /&gt;
Many free tools are readily available (Google Translate, Skype Translator, etc.)&lt;br /&gt;
Quick turnaround time                                                                  &lt;br /&gt;
You can translate between multiple languages using one tool&lt;br /&gt;
Translation technology is constantly improving&lt;br /&gt;
The disadvantages of machine translation&lt;br /&gt;
Level of accuracy can be very low                    &lt;br /&gt;
Accuracy is also very inconsistent across different languages&lt;br /&gt;
==Machines can't translate context ==&lt;br /&gt;
Mistakes are sometimes costly                                              &lt;br /&gt;
Sometimes translation simply doesn’t work&lt;br /&gt;
The most important thing to consider with any kind of translation is the cost of potential mistakes. Translating instructions for medical equipment, aviation manuals, legal documents and many other kinds of content require 100% accuracy. In such cases, mistakes can cost lives, huge amounts of money and irreparable damage to your company’s image. So choose carefully!&lt;br /&gt;
Human translation: the pros and cons&lt;br /&gt;
Human translation essentially switches the table in terms of pros and cons. A higher standard of accuracy comes at the price of longer turnaround times and higher costs. What you have to decide is whether that initial investment outweighs the potential cost of mistakes. Alternatively, whether mistakes simply aren’t an option, like the cases we looked at in the previous section.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==The advantages of human translation  ==&lt;br /&gt;
It’s a translator’s job to ensure the highest accuracy&lt;br /&gt;
Humans can interpret context and capture the same meaning, rather than simply translating words&lt;br /&gt;
Human translators can review their work and provide a quality process&lt;br /&gt;
Humans can interpret the creative use of language, e.g. puns, metaphors, slogans, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
Professional translators understand the idiomatic differences between their languages&lt;br /&gt;
Humans can spot pieces of content where literal translation isn’t possible and find the most suitable alternative&lt;br /&gt;
The disadvantages of human translation&lt;br /&gt;
Turnaround time is longer                                                               &lt;br /&gt;
Translators rarely work for free                                                       &lt;br /&gt;
Unless you use a translation agency, with access to thousands of translators, you’re limited to the languages any one translator can work with&lt;br /&gt;
Simply put, human translation is your best option when accuracy is even remotely important. Other considerations to make are the complexity of your source material and the two languages you’re translating between – both of which can render machines pretty useless.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When to use machine and human translation&lt;br /&gt;
The truth is, the debate over machine vs human translation is an unnecessary distraction. What we should really be talking about is when to use these two different types of translation services, because they both serve a very valid purpose.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Examples of when to use machine translation&lt;br /&gt;
When you have a large bulk of content to translate and the general meaning is enough&lt;br /&gt;
When your translation never reaches the final audience, e.g. you’re translating a resource as research for another piece of content&lt;br /&gt;
Translating documents for internal use within a company, provided 100% accuracy isn’t needed&lt;br /&gt;
To partially translate large chunks of content for a human translator to improve upon&lt;br /&gt;
Examples of when to use human translation&lt;br /&gt;
When accuracy is important&lt;br /&gt;
Most cases where your translated content is received by a consumer audience&lt;br /&gt;
When you have a duty of care to provide accurate translations (e.g. legal documents, product instructions, medical guidelines or health and safety content)&lt;br /&gt;
When translating marketing material or other texts for creative language uses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the light of above mentioned facts and figures here by we would say that machine translation is challenge for human translators because it can reduces the wokload of translation but can't give accurate and exact translation of the traget language.It can be less reliable than human translation..&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_Trans_EN_9&amp;diff=131197</id>
		<title>Machine Trans EN 9</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_Trans_EN_9&amp;diff=131197"/>
		<updated>2021-12-12T08:02:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
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30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''9 谢佳芬 Machine Translation and Artificial Translation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译’’'&lt;br /&gt;
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'''谢佳芬 Xie Jiafen Hunan Normal University, China'''&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of information technology, many industries are facing the competitive pressure of artificial intelligence, and so is the field of translation. Artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and combined with the field of translation，which has brought great impact and changes to traditional translation, but artificial intelligence translation and artificial translation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Artificial translation is in the leading position in adapting to human language logical habits and understanding characteristics, but in terms of translation threshold and economic value, the efficiency of artificial intelligence translation is even better. In a word, we need to know that machine translation and human translation are complementary rather than antagonistic.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Key Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Artificial Translation; Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
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===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译&lt;br /&gt;
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===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
伴随着信息技术的不断发展，多个行业面临着人工智能的竞争压力，翻译领域也是如此。人工智能技术快速发展并与翻译领域结合，人工智能翻译给传统翻译带来了巨大的冲击和变革，但人工智能翻译与人工翻译存在着各自的优劣特点和发展空间，在适应人类语言逻辑习惯和理解特点的翻译效果上，人工翻译处于领先地位，但在翻译门槛和经济价值上，人工智能翻译的效率则更胜一筹。总的来说，我们要知道机器翻译与人工翻译是互补而非对立的关系。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译;人工翻译;人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
====1.1 The History of Machine Translation Aborad====&lt;br /&gt;
The research history of machine translation can be traced back to the 1930s and 1940s. In the early 1930s, the French scientist G.B. Alchuni put forward the idea of using machines for translation. In 1933, the Soviet inventor Troyansky designed a machine to translate one language into another.(Fan Yuxiao 2021:179)In 1946, the world's first modern electronic computer ENIAC was born. Soon after, American scientist Warren Weaver, a pioneer of information theory, put forward the idea of automatic language translation by computer in 1947. In 1949, Warren Weaver published a memorandum entitled Translation, which formally raised the issue of machine translation. In 1954, Georgetown University, with the cooperation of IBM, completed the English-Russian machine translation experiment with IBM-701 computer for the first time, which opened the prelude of machine translation research. (Dai Weichang 1994:2)In 2006, Google translation was officially released as a free service software, bringing a big upsurge of statistical machine translation research. It was Franz Och who joined Google in 2004 and led Google translation. What’s more, it is precisely because of the unremitting efforts of generations of scientists that science fiction has been brought into reality step by step.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2 The History of Machine Translation in China====&lt;br /&gt;
In 1956, the research and development of machine translation has been named in the scientific and technological work and made little achievements in China. On the eve of the tenth anniversary of the National Day in 1959, our country successfully carried out experiments, which translated nine different types of complicated sentences on large general-purpose electronic computers. The dictionary includes 2030 entries, and the grammar rule system consists of 29 circuit diagrams. (Liu Yongquan 1984:63) After a period of stagnation, China's machine translation ushered in a high-speed development stage after the 1980s in the wave of the third scientific and technological revolution. With the rapid development of economy and science and technology, China has made a qualitative leap in the field of machine translation research with the pace of reform and opening up. In 1978, Institute of Scientific and Technological Information of China, Institute of Computing Technology and Institute of Linguistics carried out an English-Chinese translation experiment with 20 Metallurgical Title examples as the objects and achieved satisfactory results. Subsequently, they developed a JYE-I machine translation system, which based on 200 sentences from metallurgical documents. Its principles and methods were also widely used in the machine translation system developed in the future. In addition, the research achievements of machine translation in China during the 1980s and 1990s also include that Institute of Post and Telecommunication Sciences developed a machine translation system, C Retrieval and automatic typesetting system with good performance and strong practicability in October 1986; In 1988, ISTC launched the ISTIC-I English-Chinese Title System for the translation of applied literature of metallurgy, Information Research Institute of Railway developed an English-Chinese Title Recording machine translation system for railway documents; the Language Institute of the Academy of Social Sciences developed &amp;quot;Tianyu&amp;quot; English-Chinese machine translation system and Matr English-Chinese machine translation system developed by the computer department of National University of Defense Technology. After many explorations and studies, machine translation in China has gradually moved towards application, popularization and commercialization. China Software Technology Corporation launched &amp;quot;Yixing I&amp;quot; in 1988, marking China's machine translation system officially going to the market. After &amp;quot;Yixing&amp;quot;, a series of machine translation systems such as Gaoli system in Beijing, Tongyi system in Tianjin and Langwei system in Shaanxi have also entered the public. In the 21st century, the development of a series of apps such as Kingsoft Powerword, Youdao translation and Baidu translation has greatly met the needs of ordinary users for translation. According to the working principle, machine translation has roughly experienced three stages: rule-based machine translation, statistics-based machine translation and deep learning based neural machine translation. (Li Li 2020:276)These three stages witnessed a leap in the quality of machine translation. Machine translation is more and more used in daily life and even the translation of some texts is almost comparable to artificial translation. In addition to text translation, voice translation, photo translation and other functions have also been listed, which provides great convenience for people's life. It is undeniable that machine translation has become the development trend of translation in the future.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.3 The Status Quo of Machine Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
In this big data era of information explosion, the prospect of machine translation is also bright. At present, the circular neural network system launched by Google has supported universal translation in more than 60 languages. Many Internet companies such as Microsoft Bing, Sogou, Tencent, Baidu and NetEase Youdao have also launched their own Internet free machine translation systems.(Liu Qun 2012:48) Users can obtain translation results free of charge by logging in to the corresponding websites. At present, the circular neural network translation system launched by Google can support real-time translation of more than 60 languages, and the domestic Baidu online machine translation system can also support real-time translation of 28 languages. These Internet online machine translation systems are suitable for a variety of terminal platforms such as mobile phone, PC, tablet and web and its functions are also quite diverse, supporting many translation forms, such as screen word selection, text scanning translation, photo translation, offline translation, web page translation and so on. Although its translation quality needs to be improved, it has been outstanding in the fields of daily dialogue, news translation and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
Generally speaking, machine translation has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, accurate term translation and great development potential and etc. Machine translation is fast and efficient, this is something that artificial translation can’t catch up with. In addition, with the continuous emergence of all kinds of translation software in the market, compared with artificial translation, machine translation is cheap and sometimes even free, which greatly saves the economic cost and time for users with low translation quality requirements. What's more, compared with artificial translation, machine translation has a huge corpus, which makes the translation of some terms, especially the latest scientific and technological terms, more rapid and accurate. The accurate translation of these terms requires the translator to constantly learn, but learning needs a process, which has a certain test on the translator's learning ability and learning speed. In this regard, artificial translation has uncertainty and hysteretic nature. At the same time, with the progress of science and technology and the development of society, the function of machine translation will be more perfect and the quality of translation will be better.Today's machine translation tools and software are easy to carry, all you need to do is just to use the software and electronic dictionary in the mobile phone. There is no need to carry paper dictionaries and books for translation, which saves time and space. At the same time, machine translation covers many fields and is suitable for translation practice in different situations, such as academic, education, commercial trade, social networking, tourism, production technology, etc, it is also easy to deal with various professional terms. However, due to the limitation of translators' own knowledge, artificial translation is often limited to one or a few fields or industries. For example, it is difficult for an interpreter specializing in medical English to translate legal English.&lt;br /&gt;
At the same time, machine translation also has its limitations. At first, machine can only operate word to word translation, which only plays the function and role of dictionary. Then, the application of syntax enables the process of sentence translation and it can be solved by using the direct translation method. When the original text and the target language are highly similar, it can be translated directly. For example, the original text &amp;quot;他是个老师.&amp;quot; The target language is &amp;quot;he is a teacher &amp;quot;. With the increase of the structural complexity of the original text, the effect of machine translation is greatly reduced. Therefore, at the syntactic level, machine translation still stays in sentences with relatively simple structure. Meanwhile, the original text and the results of machine translation cannot be interchanged equally, indicating that English-Chinese translation has strong randomness, and is not rigorous and scientific enough. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nowadays, machine translation is highly dependent on parallel corpora, but the construction of parallel corpora is not perfect. At present, the resources of some mainstream languages such as Chinese and English are relatively rich, while the data collection of many small languages is not satisfactory. Moreover, the current corpus is mainly concentrated in the fields of government literature, science and technology, current affairs and news, while there is a serious lack of data in other fields, which can’t reflect the advantages of machine translation. At the same time, corpus construction lags behind. Some informative texts introducing the latest cutting-edge research results often spread the latest academic knowledge and use a large number of new professional terms, such as academic papers and teaching materials while the corpus often lacks the corresponding words of the target language, which makes machine translation powerless&lt;br /&gt;
Besides, machine translation is not culturally sensitive. Human may never be able to program machines to understand and experience a particular culture. Different cultures have unique and different language systems, and machines do not have complexity to understand or recognize slang, jargon, puns and idioms. Therefore, their translation may not conform to cultural values and specific norms. This is also one of the challenges that the machine needs to overcome.(Jin Wenlu 2019:282)Artificial intelligence may have human abstract thinking ability in the future, but it is difficult to have image thinking ability including imagination and emotion.(Hu Kaibao, Li Yi: 2016:11) Therefore, machine translation is often used in news, science and technology, patents, specifications and other text fields with the purpose of fact description, knowledge and information transmission. These words rarely involve emotional and cultural background. When translating expressive texts, the limitations of machine translation are exposed. The so-called expressive text refers to the text that pays attention to emotional expression and is full of imagination. Its main characteristics are subjectivity, emotion and imagination, such as novels, poetry, prose, art and so on. This kind of text attaches importance to the emotional expression of the author or character image, and uses a lot of metaphors, symbols and other expressions. Machine translation is difficult to catch up with artificial translation in this kind of text, it can only translate the main idea, lack of connotation and literary grace and it cannot have subjective feelings and rational analysis like human beings. In fact, it is not difficult to simulate the human brain, the difficulty is that it is impossible to learn from the rich social experience and life experience of excellent translators. In other words, machine translation lacks the personalization and creativity of human translation. It is this personalization and creativity that promote the development and evolution of language, and what machine translation can only output is mechanical &amp;quot;machine language&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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===3.The Irreplaceability of Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
====3.1 Translation is Constrained by Context====&lt;br /&gt;
At present, machine translation can help people deal with language communication in people's daily life and work, such as clothing, food, housing and transportation, but there is a big gap from the &amp;quot;faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance&amp;quot; emphasized by high-level translation. Language itself is art，which pays more attention to artistry than functionality, and the discipline of art is difficult to quantify and unify. Sometimes it is regular, rigorous, logical and clear, and sometimes it is random, free and logical. If it is translated by machine, it is difficult to grasp this degree. Sometimes, machine translation cannot connect words with contextual meaning. In many languages, the same word may have multiple completely unrelated meanings. In this case, context will have a great impact on word meaning, and the understanding of word meaning depends largely on the meaning read from context. Only human beings can combine words with context, determine their true meaning, and creatively adjust and modify the language to obtain a complete and accurate translation. This is undoubtedly very difficult for machine translation. Artificial translation can get rid of the constraints of the source language and translate the translation in line with the grammar, sentence patterns and word habits of the target language. In the process of translation, translators can use their own knowledge reserves to analyze the differences between the source language and the target language in thinking mode, cultural characteristics, social background, customs and habits, so as to translate a more accurate translation. Artificial translation can also add, delete, domesticate, modify and polish the translation according to the style, make up for the lack of culture, try to maintain the thought, artistic conception and charm of the original text and the style of the source language. In addition, translators can also judge and consider the words with multiple meanings or easy to produce ambiguity according to the context, so as to make the translation more clear and more accurate and improve the quality of the translation.&lt;br /&gt;
====3.2 Literary Translation is Inseparable from Human Participation====&lt;br /&gt;
Literary works express human rich thoughts and emotions, which contain profound cultural connotation. Only by clarifying the cultural background of the work and guessing the emotion expressed in the work can the translator feel it. However, the machine itself has neither emotion nor humanistic feelings, so how can it make a translation with human emotion. Although machine translation in the era of artificial intelligence has made great progress and can help people deal with some translation work, it is still difficult to reach the high standard and realm of translation. However, the current machine translation can’t take into account the cultural differences and language habits between the two languages. The translated literary works are difficult to understand or even twist its original meaning. While a good translator not only master the cultural background knowledge of the source language and the target language, also the translator can take into account the differences between the two languages and cultures, feel the emotions contained in the works, figure out the ideas the author wants to express, so as to translate more authentic works.&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Future Development Trend of Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
====4.1 Deep Integration of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation and artificial translation both complement , improve and develop with each other On the one hand, machine translation has indeed made great progress, brought changes in the field of translation, and saved a lot of time and energy for translators. From artificial intelligence to machine intelligence weak artificial intelligence (ANI) focuses on completing a specific task, such as speech recognition, image recognition and translation, so it is an artificial intelligence that is good at a single aspect. (Wang Huashu 2021:10)Strong artificial intelligence (AGI) is usually able to think, plan, solve problems, abstract thinking, understand complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience. Its system includes learning, language, cognition, reasoning, creation and planning and the goal is to enable artificial intelligence to deal with unprecedented details in the case of unsupervised learning, and carry out interactive learning with human beings at the same time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Driven by artificial intelligence technology, the mode of translation will roughly go through several stages, such as artificial translation, artificial translation with machine assistance, machine translation with artificial assistance, and intelligent machine translation. From traditional translation to machine translation with post-editing mode, from traditional interpretation to machine assisted interpretation, the degree of human-computer interaction is becoming higher and higher. At present, it is changing from artificial translation with machine assistance to machine translation with artificial assistance. In the future, a highly intelligent translation system will automatically connect all the resources required for translation, give full play to the advantages of artificial intelligence, focus the wisdom of translators on more valuable and creative work, and greatly liberate the workload of translation. For example, when doing some simple non-literary translation texts, machine translation can quickly complete a lot of translation work, which is unmatched by artificial translation. On the other hand, although the current machine translation has made a great breakthrough and can carry out some translation work, there are still some translation work that machine translation is not competent, such as literary translation, publishing publications and books, etc. The reason is that the existing technical level has not yet reached the point of replacing artificial translation. Therefore, we should not only improve our translation level, but also keep pace with the times, so as to be more competitive. In short, machine translation is inseparable from artificial translation. Artificial translation also needs the assistance of machine translation and the deep integration of the two will be the general trend. In the process of translation, we can combine the advantages of the two and learn from each other, which can not only improve efficiency, reduce the labor intensity of the translator, but also improve the quality of the translation. However, it is undeniable that in this process, some low-level translators will face the risk of elimination.&lt;br /&gt;
====4.2 Technicalization of Artificial Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Under the guidance of advanced information technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data, the technicalization of artificial translation will become an inevitable trend of artificial translation in the future. First of all, machine translation under artificial intelligence technology has triggered profound changes in the way and content of translation. In this context, translators should not only improve their professional translation ability, but also learn and apply new technologies, so as to be more competitive under the background of artificial intelligence. The current translation market requires translators to use some translation tools, which may be the future development trend. If translators know nothing about new translation technologies, it will be difficult to survive in the technical translation environment. This requires translators to keep pace with the times, learn and master the technical skills related to translation, and apply them to practice. So that when facing different translation scenarios and translation tasks, machine translation and artificial translation can work together. Machine translation will do some simple, basic and repetitive work, so as to save a lot of time and energy for translators to do some more complex work, so that translators can give full play to their advantages in their fields.&lt;br /&gt;
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===5. Discussion on the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
====5.1 Competition====&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous progress of science and technology, machine translation will play a more and more important role. However, the different characteristics of machine translation and artificial translation determine that they will have different markets. Those regular and stylized translation work will be gradually replaced by machine translation, which will occupy a dominant position in the middle and low-end translation market. For example, ordinary texts such as daily communication, instant messaging, e-mail and Wechat do not need very accurate and professional translation, and machine translation is enough to meet their needs. High-end artificial translation talents are still in short supply. For example, political discourse, legal documents and medical documents that require high translation accuracy . Take the political discourse as an example，political discourse often represents the national image and belongs to a very sensitive topic. A slight error will cause irreparable consequences and even affect international relations. For another example, literature, art and other fields with high requirements for imagination and creativity need artificial translation to assume humanistic responsibility while machine translation cannot make a perfect judgment in this regard. In the future, the division of labor between machine translation and artificial translation in the target market will gradually become clear. Machine translation and artificial translation will compete in different positioning markets. Moreover, we can see from the meaning and actual work of machine translation that compared with artificial translation, it is convenient to use, has no location restrictions, switches between multiple languages at any time and supports paragraph translation. As long as there is a network, it can be translated with high convenience and efficiency. Compared with online translation, artificial translation has higher flexibility, stronger pertinence and lower error rate. Taking simultaneous interpretation as an example, simultaneous interpretation is a very difficult interlingual conversion activity strictly limited by time, which requires the interpreter to quickly complete the prediction, understanding, memory and conversion of the source language information in a very short time with the help of the existing subject knowledge while listening to the source language, and to monitor, organize, modify and express the target language. Simultaneous interpretation translators have solid language skills, mature experience of conferences, and master extensive knowledge is an important prerequisite for doing well in simultaneous interpreting. And these are machine translation can’t be completed.&lt;br /&gt;
====5.2 Integration====&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.1 Complementarity Between Simple Translation and Complex Translation=====&lt;br /&gt;
Because machine translation can better translate some simple sentences and paragraphs, which can liberate translators from focusing on simple translation in terms of translation complexity, so that translators can have more time and energy to carry out some more complex translation work, for example, some texts with high national customs, foreign literary works with profound meaning, and texts using special rhetorical skills. In addition, laws and regulations, contracts and other texts have the highest requirements for quality, those texts need translation's standardization and accuracy, so artificial translation is safer. Literary and artistic texts focus on aesthetics and interest, so the style of the translation is pretty significant, which cannot be achieved by machine translation with only rationality and lack of humanistic cultivation. Some texts, such as product specifications, science and technology, economy and trade, news, etc., have moderate requirements for the quality of translation, and can adopt the mode of human-machine cooperation. There are usually two main modes: pre-editing + machine translation + post-editing and machine translation + post-editing. Pre-editing usually involves two parts: format processing and language processing, which refers to the structural modification of the text before machine translation. Its purpose is to reduce semantic ambiguity and make it conform to the logical mode of machine translation, so as to improve the accuracy and readability of the translation and reduce the workload of post-editing. However, no matter how intelligent the machine is and how long the translator spends on pre-editing, a certain proportion of the text that has not been successfully translated, so we still need the post-editing of machine translation. Therefore, it can be seen that machine translation and artificial translation are not antagonistic. The relationship between them should be a clear division of labor and complement each other.&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.2Complementarity Between Old and New Translation Tasks=====&lt;br /&gt;
Because machine translation has certain learning ability in some aspects, for example, based on its self-learning ability of neural network, it can memorize the existing programmatic expressions, terms and paragraphs in its database, and can translate them better and more accurately when it encounters similar sentence patterns next time so as to effectively avoid the problems of inconsistent terminology and inconsistent expression caused by the participation of many people in the translation project. Therefore, machine translation can achieve the purpose of saving translation human resources, so that they can better invest in the research and discussion of the translation of emerging terms or important expressions, and make them have stronger translation behavior.&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.3The Complementarity of Translation Scenarios=====&lt;br /&gt;
Due to its fast and convenient characteristics, machine translation can be better qualified for the application scenarios with loose translation quality and content requirements, such as daily communication, web browsing, information acquisition and so on. At present, the translation software developed in the market has basically changed from translation to faster intelligent voice real-time translation, which is welcomed by the majority of users. For more professional application scenarios, such as high-level meetings, negotiations and litigation, both translators and interpreters need more professional senior translators. For example, in some specific environments, only artificial translation can meet the translation needs, such as the translation of seven national languages in the national two sessions and congress of party representatives. Under these circumstances, only flexible artificial translation can work well. No matter whether the translation of paper documents or simultaneous interpreting at the scene requires professionals with rich experience in party and professional experience, they are determined by the seriousness and particularity of the translation scenario.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The rapid development of machine translation has indeed brought convenience to the public and produced certain economic benefits, but we can't exaggerate the effectiveness of machine translation. Some so-called professionals exaggerate the power of technology while ignoring the humanistic side of translation. The reason why translation activities thrive is that different nations and countries need cultural and ideological exchanges. One-sided emphasis on science and technology or humanities is an extreme approach. The correct approach is to integrate science and technology with humanities. We should not only pay attention to the convenience of machine translation technology, but also give full play to the subjectivity of translators. No matter how developed artificial intelligence is, it is only a product developed by human beings, and its ultimate goal is to serve human beings. In the increasingly developed era of informatization and specialization, translation professionals need to embrace new technologies, learn and apply new technologies to improve their professional translation ability with the help of machine translation technology, so as to make translation faster and better. Translation majors are highly practical, practical and professional. It can be predicted that the future manual interpreter should be a combination of bilingual ability and computer software development ability. What's more, translators should learn to use machine translation and strengthen their own translation technology application ability, which is a new model of translation in the future. But at the same time, we should also see that translation is a humanities. The translator is not only a cultural messenger, but also a guardian of language. Translation is not a simple conversion of words and sounds. Its essence is the communication and dissemination of body, mind and thinking between different cultures. The temperature, thickness and purity of human nature in interpersonal and cultural communication, and the skills, creativity and wisdom embodied in human translation are beyond the reach of machine translation. At the same time, the translator is the guardian of language. If thinkers and poets are the guardians of language, a translator with thinking, creativity and artistic sense also undertakes this responsibility. Regarding the translator as the guardian of language is the affirmation and understanding of the identity of the artificial translator. On the one hand, it avoids the erosion of the natural language by the machine translation, on the other hand, it is conducive to the exertion of the subjectivity of the artificial translator. Machine translation takes into account the transmission and accuracy of information, but it cannot take into account the polysemy, fuzziness and creativity of language. However, it is the polysemy, fuzziness and creativity of language that makes our life full of spirituality, beauty and vitality.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6.Suggestions for the Combined Development of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
====6.1 Reasonable Division of Labor====&lt;br /&gt;
First of all, we should speed up the training of translation talents so that senior translation talents can match the number of machine translation. In this way, when dealing with relevant translation business, we can achieve high business efficiency, good content and quality. Secondly, while accelerating the formation of the industry, relevant state departments should give certain policy support to improve the industry status of translators, have certain professional certification for professional translation content, raise the employment threshold of the translation industry, filter out those who are not professional, leave those with good skills and increase those with ability, In this way, the translation industry can form a certain scale industry in the high-end field. The formation of the industry also requires large-scale assembly line operation to meet the needs of manual translation, supplemented by the processing capacity of machine translation for medium and low-end content, so as to solve the problems of slow translation speed and high price in the past.&lt;br /&gt;
====6.2 Both Need to be Improved====&lt;br /&gt;
So far, the universal application of machine translation still focuses on the written form. Although Google and other companies have made attempts and achieved some achievements in machine interpretation, the technology of machine interpretation is still not mature enough. The author's proposal is not to replace artificial interpretation with machine interpretation, but to realize the intelligence of the middle and low-end market like written translation. In addition, artificial translation still needs to be refined. The requirements for translators should not only focus on the mastery of language, but also absorb more skilled personnel with professional background knowledge to join the professional translation team. The future industry integration will eliminate some translators with weak professional background knowledge. At the same time, expand the training mode of translation major in colleges and universities so that students can have more opportunities to participate in social practice. Meanwhile, colleges and universities should timely understand the needs of the industry, and carefully train students from the basic stage of freshman and sophomore, so as to make students more targeted for future employment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
With the advent of the era of artificial intelligence, AI technology is affecting the development of translation on an unprecedented scale and speed, causing profound changes in the translation industry. On the one hand, machine translation at this stage has made great achievements, gradually penetrated into our life and work, and has been applied in many fields, which has brought great convenience to our life and work; On the other hand, there are many problems in machine translation，such as cultural differences and emotional factors in language, which makes it difficult for machine translation to replace artificial translation. Since machine translation and artificial translation have their own advantages, we need to face how to integrate them efficiently, so as to give full play to their advantages and improve translation efficiency and quality. Although the development prospect of machine translation is very bright, the scope of application of machine translation and translation technology is limited. It is mainly used in general news reports, scientific and technological texts and other highly repetitive texts, which cannot completely replace artificial translation. Even the most advanced neural machine translation system has only achieved good results in the fields of daily conversation, news translation and so on. Literary texts are highly metaphorical. Machine translation and translation technology can only be used as auxiliary translation means to serve professional translators. Machine translation and artificial intelligence will not replace human creativity and imagination, but will improve the quality of translation and avoid boring and repetitive translation work. The improvement of machine translation requires the joint efforts of computer science, information science, statistics, linguistics and other academic circles, so as to realize more mature man-machine mutual assistance translation. In general, machine translation is not only a challenge, but also an opportunity. If we want to turn the challenge into an opportunity, we must constantly improve our competitiveness, keep pace with the times, make full use of new technologies related to translation, and jointly create a new era of &amp;quot;man and machines dancing together&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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===References===&lt;br /&gt;
Fan Yuxiao 樊玉消.(2021). 浅谈人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译[A Brief Talk on Machine Translation and Human Translation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence] 海外英语 Overseas English(11)179-180&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Liu YongQuan刘涌泉(1984)中国的机器翻译[China’s Machine Translation ].Bei Jing: Knowledge Press 知识出版社.&lt;br /&gt;
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Li Li李利(2020) 浅析机器翻译和人工翻译的关系[A Brief Analysis of the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation]国际机关PR Magazine (09)276-277.&lt;br /&gt;
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Liu Qun刘群（2012）机器翻译技术现状与展望 [Current Situation and Prospect of Machine Translation Technology]集成技术 Journal of Integration Technology(1)48-54.&lt;br /&gt;
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Jin Wenlu 靳文璐. (2019). 机器翻译可以取代人工翻译吗? [Can machine translation replace artificial translation?]. 智库时代 Think Tank Times (40) 282-284.&lt;br /&gt;
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Hu Kaibao Li Yi胡开宝，李翼(2016) 机器翻译特征及其与人工翻译关系的研究[Research on the Characteristics of Machine Translation and Its Relationship with Artificial Translation] 中国翻译 Chinese Translators Journal（37）：10-14&lt;br /&gt;
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Dai Weichang 戴伟长（1994）国内外机器翻译进展状况[Progress of Machine Translation at Home and Abroad]软件世界 Software World(12):2-3&lt;br /&gt;
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Wang Huashu WangXin王华树 王鑫(2021) 人工智能时代的翻译技术研究: 应用场景、 现存问题与趋势展望[Translation Research in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Application Scenarios, Existing Problems and Trends] 外国语文Foreign Language and Literature (01):9-17&lt;br /&gt;
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Xu Yican Liu Jibin徐一灿 刘继斌(2017) 机器翻译的现状和前景[Current Situation and Prospect of Machine Translation] 海外英语Overseas English(11):117-118&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pang Yingyu(2019) 谈机器翻译与人工翻译的关系——从机器翻译与计算机辅助翻译的发展角度[The Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation -- From the Perspective of the Development of Machine Translation and Computer-aided Translation] 科学大众Popular Science(11):164-165&lt;br /&gt;
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Liu Tianze刘天泽 浅谈人工智能翻译和人工翻译的比较与展望 A Brief Discussion on the Comparison and Prospect of Artificial Intelligence Translation and Artificial Translation海外英语 Overseas English(16):46-47&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_Trans_EN_9&amp;diff=131196</id>
		<title>Machine Trans EN 9</title>
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		<updated>2021-12-12T08:01:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
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30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''9 谢佳芬 Machine Translation and Artificial Translation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译’''&lt;br /&gt;
谢佳芬 Xie Jiafen Hunan Normal University, China&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of information technology, many industries are facing the competitive pressure of artificial intelligence, and so is the field of translation. Artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and combined with the field of translation，which has brought great impact and changes to traditional translation, but artificial intelligence translation and artificial translation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Artificial translation is in the leading position in adapting to human language logical habits and understanding characteristics, but in terms of translation threshold and economic value, the efficiency of artificial intelligence translation is even better. In a word, we need to know that machine translation and human translation are complementary rather than antagonistic.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Key Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Artificial Translation; Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
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===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译&lt;br /&gt;
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===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
伴随着信息技术的不断发展，多个行业面临着人工智能的竞争压力，翻译领域也是如此。人工智能技术快速发展并与翻译领域结合，人工智能翻译给传统翻译带来了巨大的冲击和变革，但人工智能翻译与人工翻译存在着各自的优劣特点和发展空间，在适应人类语言逻辑习惯和理解特点的翻译效果上，人工翻译处于领先地位，但在翻译门槛和经济价值上，人工智能翻译的效率则更胜一筹。总的来说，我们要知道机器翻译与人工翻译是互补而非对立的关系。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译;人工翻译;人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
====1.1 The History of Machine Translation Aborad====&lt;br /&gt;
The research history of machine translation can be traced back to the 1930s and 1940s. In the early 1930s, the French scientist G.B. Alchuni put forward the idea of using machines for translation. In 1933, the Soviet inventor Troyansky designed a machine to translate one language into another.(Fan Yuxiao 2021:179)In 1946, the world's first modern electronic computer ENIAC was born. Soon after, American scientist Warren Weaver, a pioneer of information theory, put forward the idea of automatic language translation by computer in 1947. In 1949, Warren Weaver published a memorandum entitled Translation, which formally raised the issue of machine translation. In 1954, Georgetown University, with the cooperation of IBM, completed the English-Russian machine translation experiment with IBM-701 computer for the first time, which opened the prelude of machine translation research. (Dai Weichang 1994:2)In 2006, Google translation was officially released as a free service software, bringing a big upsurge of statistical machine translation research. It was Franz Och who joined Google in 2004 and led Google translation. What’s more, it is precisely because of the unremitting efforts of generations of scientists that science fiction has been brought into reality step by step.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2 The History of Machine Translation in China====&lt;br /&gt;
In 1956, the research and development of machine translation has been named in the scientific and technological work and made little achievements in China. On the eve of the tenth anniversary of the National Day in 1959, our country successfully carried out experiments, which translated nine different types of complicated sentences on large general-purpose electronic computers. The dictionary includes 2030 entries, and the grammar rule system consists of 29 circuit diagrams. (Liu Yongquan 1984:63) After a period of stagnation, China's machine translation ushered in a high-speed development stage after the 1980s in the wave of the third scientific and technological revolution. With the rapid development of economy and science and technology, China has made a qualitative leap in the field of machine translation research with the pace of reform and opening up. In 1978, Institute of Scientific and Technological Information of China, Institute of Computing Technology and Institute of Linguistics carried out an English-Chinese translation experiment with 20 Metallurgical Title examples as the objects and achieved satisfactory results. Subsequently, they developed a JYE-I machine translation system, which based on 200 sentences from metallurgical documents. Its principles and methods were also widely used in the machine translation system developed in the future. In addition, the research achievements of machine translation in China during the 1980s and 1990s also include that Institute of Post and Telecommunication Sciences developed a machine translation system, C Retrieval and automatic typesetting system with good performance and strong practicability in October 1986; In 1988, ISTC launched the ISTIC-I English-Chinese Title System for the translation of applied literature of metallurgy, Information Research Institute of Railway developed an English-Chinese Title Recording machine translation system for railway documents; the Language Institute of the Academy of Social Sciences developed &amp;quot;Tianyu&amp;quot; English-Chinese machine translation system and Matr English-Chinese machine translation system developed by the computer department of National University of Defense Technology. After many explorations and studies, machine translation in China has gradually moved towards application, popularization and commercialization. China Software Technology Corporation launched &amp;quot;Yixing I&amp;quot; in 1988, marking China's machine translation system officially going to the market. After &amp;quot;Yixing&amp;quot;, a series of machine translation systems such as Gaoli system in Beijing, Tongyi system in Tianjin and Langwei system in Shaanxi have also entered the public. In the 21st century, the development of a series of apps such as Kingsoft Powerword, Youdao translation and Baidu translation has greatly met the needs of ordinary users for translation. According to the working principle, machine translation has roughly experienced three stages: rule-based machine translation, statistics-based machine translation and deep learning based neural machine translation. (Li Li 2020:276)These three stages witnessed a leap in the quality of machine translation. Machine translation is more and more used in daily life and even the translation of some texts is almost comparable to artificial translation. In addition to text translation, voice translation, photo translation and other functions have also been listed, which provides great convenience for people's life. It is undeniable that machine translation has become the development trend of translation in the future.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.3 The Status Quo of Machine Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
In this big data era of information explosion, the prospect of machine translation is also bright. At present, the circular neural network system launched by Google has supported universal translation in more than 60 languages. Many Internet companies such as Microsoft Bing, Sogou, Tencent, Baidu and NetEase Youdao have also launched their own Internet free machine translation systems.(Liu Qun 2012:48) Users can obtain translation results free of charge by logging in to the corresponding websites. At present, the circular neural network translation system launched by Google can support real-time translation of more than 60 languages, and the domestic Baidu online machine translation system can also support real-time translation of 28 languages. These Internet online machine translation systems are suitable for a variety of terminal platforms such as mobile phone, PC, tablet and web and its functions are also quite diverse, supporting many translation forms, such as screen word selection, text scanning translation, photo translation, offline translation, web page translation and so on. Although its translation quality needs to be improved, it has been outstanding in the fields of daily dialogue, news translation and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
Generally speaking, machine translation has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, accurate term translation and great development potential and etc. Machine translation is fast and efficient, this is something that artificial translation can’t catch up with. In addition, with the continuous emergence of all kinds of translation software in the market, compared with artificial translation, machine translation is cheap and sometimes even free, which greatly saves the economic cost and time for users with low translation quality requirements. What's more, compared with artificial translation, machine translation has a huge corpus, which makes the translation of some terms, especially the latest scientific and technological terms, more rapid and accurate. The accurate translation of these terms requires the translator to constantly learn, but learning needs a process, which has a certain test on the translator's learning ability and learning speed. In this regard, artificial translation has uncertainty and hysteretic nature. At the same time, with the progress of science and technology and the development of society, the function of machine translation will be more perfect and the quality of translation will be better.Today's machine translation tools and software are easy to carry, all you need to do is just to use the software and electronic dictionary in the mobile phone. There is no need to carry paper dictionaries and books for translation, which saves time and space. At the same time, machine translation covers many fields and is suitable for translation practice in different situations, such as academic, education, commercial trade, social networking, tourism, production technology, etc, it is also easy to deal with various professional terms. However, due to the limitation of translators' own knowledge, artificial translation is often limited to one or a few fields or industries. For example, it is difficult for an interpreter specializing in medical English to translate legal English.&lt;br /&gt;
At the same time, machine translation also has its limitations. At first, machine can only operate word to word translation, which only plays the function and role of dictionary. Then, the application of syntax enables the process of sentence translation and it can be solved by using the direct translation method. When the original text and the target language are highly similar, it can be translated directly. For example, the original text &amp;quot;他是个老师.&amp;quot; The target language is &amp;quot;he is a teacher &amp;quot;. With the increase of the structural complexity of the original text, the effect of machine translation is greatly reduced. Therefore, at the syntactic level, machine translation still stays in sentences with relatively simple structure. Meanwhile, the original text and the results of machine translation cannot be interchanged equally, indicating that English-Chinese translation has strong randomness, and is not rigorous and scientific enough. &lt;br /&gt;
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Nowadays, machine translation is highly dependent on parallel corpora, but the construction of parallel corpora is not perfect. At present, the resources of some mainstream languages such as Chinese and English are relatively rich, while the data collection of many small languages is not satisfactory. Moreover, the current corpus is mainly concentrated in the fields of government literature, science and technology, current affairs and news, while there is a serious lack of data in other fields, which can’t reflect the advantages of machine translation. At the same time, corpus construction lags behind. Some informative texts introducing the latest cutting-edge research results often spread the latest academic knowledge and use a large number of new professional terms, such as academic papers and teaching materials while the corpus often lacks the corresponding words of the target language, which makes machine translation powerless&lt;br /&gt;
Besides, machine translation is not culturally sensitive. Human may never be able to program machines to understand and experience a particular culture. Different cultures have unique and different language systems, and machines do not have complexity to understand or recognize slang, jargon, puns and idioms. Therefore, their translation may not conform to cultural values and specific norms. This is also one of the challenges that the machine needs to overcome.(Jin Wenlu 2019:282)Artificial intelligence may have human abstract thinking ability in the future, but it is difficult to have image thinking ability including imagination and emotion.(Hu Kaibao, Li Yi: 2016:11) Therefore, machine translation is often used in news, science and technology, patents, specifications and other text fields with the purpose of fact description, knowledge and information transmission. These words rarely involve emotional and cultural background. When translating expressive texts, the limitations of machine translation are exposed. The so-called expressive text refers to the text that pays attention to emotional expression and is full of imagination. Its main characteristics are subjectivity, emotion and imagination, such as novels, poetry, prose, art and so on. This kind of text attaches importance to the emotional expression of the author or character image, and uses a lot of metaphors, symbols and other expressions. Machine translation is difficult to catch up with artificial translation in this kind of text, it can only translate the main idea, lack of connotation and literary grace and it cannot have subjective feelings and rational analysis like human beings. In fact, it is not difficult to simulate the human brain, the difficulty is that it is impossible to learn from the rich social experience and life experience of excellent translators. In other words, machine translation lacks the personalization and creativity of human translation. It is this personalization and creativity that promote the development and evolution of language, and what machine translation can only output is mechanical &amp;quot;machine language&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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===3.The Irreplaceability of Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
====3.1 Translation is Constrained by Context====&lt;br /&gt;
At present, machine translation can help people deal with language communication in people's daily life and work, such as clothing, food, housing and transportation, but there is a big gap from the &amp;quot;faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance&amp;quot; emphasized by high-level translation. Language itself is art，which pays more attention to artistry than functionality, and the discipline of art is difficult to quantify and unify. Sometimes it is regular, rigorous, logical and clear, and sometimes it is random, free and logical. If it is translated by machine, it is difficult to grasp this degree. Sometimes, machine translation cannot connect words with contextual meaning. In many languages, the same word may have multiple completely unrelated meanings. In this case, context will have a great impact on word meaning, and the understanding of word meaning depends largely on the meaning read from context. Only human beings can combine words with context, determine their true meaning, and creatively adjust and modify the language to obtain a complete and accurate translation. This is undoubtedly very difficult for machine translation. Artificial translation can get rid of the constraints of the source language and translate the translation in line with the grammar, sentence patterns and word habits of the target language. In the process of translation, translators can use their own knowledge reserves to analyze the differences between the source language and the target language in thinking mode, cultural characteristics, social background, customs and habits, so as to translate a more accurate translation. Artificial translation can also add, delete, domesticate, modify and polish the translation according to the style, make up for the lack of culture, try to maintain the thought, artistic conception and charm of the original text and the style of the source language. In addition, translators can also judge and consider the words with multiple meanings or easy to produce ambiguity according to the context, so as to make the translation more clear and more accurate and improve the quality of the translation.&lt;br /&gt;
====3.2 Literary Translation is Inseparable from Human Participation====&lt;br /&gt;
Literary works express human rich thoughts and emotions, which contain profound cultural connotation. Only by clarifying the cultural background of the work and guessing the emotion expressed in the work can the translator feel it. However, the machine itself has neither emotion nor humanistic feelings, so how can it make a translation with human emotion. Although machine translation in the era of artificial intelligence has made great progress and can help people deal with some translation work, it is still difficult to reach the high standard and realm of translation. However, the current machine translation can’t take into account the cultural differences and language habits between the two languages. The translated literary works are difficult to understand or even twist its original meaning. While a good translator not only master the cultural background knowledge of the source language and the target language, also the translator can take into account the differences between the two languages and cultures, feel the emotions contained in the works, figure out the ideas the author wants to express, so as to translate more authentic works.&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Future Development Trend of Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
====4.1 Deep Integration of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation and artificial translation both complement , improve and develop with each other On the one hand, machine translation has indeed made great progress, brought changes in the field of translation, and saved a lot of time and energy for translators. From artificial intelligence to machine intelligence weak artificial intelligence (ANI) focuses on completing a specific task, such as speech recognition, image recognition and translation, so it is an artificial intelligence that is good at a single aspect. (Wang Huashu 2021:10)Strong artificial intelligence (AGI) is usually able to think, plan, solve problems, abstract thinking, understand complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience. Its system includes learning, language, cognition, reasoning, creation and planning and the goal is to enable artificial intelligence to deal with unprecedented details in the case of unsupervised learning, and carry out interactive learning with human beings at the same time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Driven by artificial intelligence technology, the mode of translation will roughly go through several stages, such as artificial translation, artificial translation with machine assistance, machine translation with artificial assistance, and intelligent machine translation. From traditional translation to machine translation with post-editing mode, from traditional interpretation to machine assisted interpretation, the degree of human-computer interaction is becoming higher and higher. At present, it is changing from artificial translation with machine assistance to machine translation with artificial assistance. In the future, a highly intelligent translation system will automatically connect all the resources required for translation, give full play to the advantages of artificial intelligence, focus the wisdom of translators on more valuable and creative work, and greatly liberate the workload of translation. For example, when doing some simple non-literary translation texts, machine translation can quickly complete a lot of translation work, which is unmatched by artificial translation. On the other hand, although the current machine translation has made a great breakthrough and can carry out some translation work, there are still some translation work that machine translation is not competent, such as literary translation, publishing publications and books, etc. The reason is that the existing technical level has not yet reached the point of replacing artificial translation. Therefore, we should not only improve our translation level, but also keep pace with the times, so as to be more competitive. In short, machine translation is inseparable from artificial translation. Artificial translation also needs the assistance of machine translation and the deep integration of the two will be the general trend. In the process of translation, we can combine the advantages of the two and learn from each other, which can not only improve efficiency, reduce the labor intensity of the translator, but also improve the quality of the translation. However, it is undeniable that in this process, some low-level translators will face the risk of elimination.&lt;br /&gt;
====4.2 Technicalization of Artificial Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Under the guidance of advanced information technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data, the technicalization of artificial translation will become an inevitable trend of artificial translation in the future. First of all, machine translation under artificial intelligence technology has triggered profound changes in the way and content of translation. In this context, translators should not only improve their professional translation ability, but also learn and apply new technologies, so as to be more competitive under the background of artificial intelligence. The current translation market requires translators to use some translation tools, which may be the future development trend. If translators know nothing about new translation technologies, it will be difficult to survive in the technical translation environment. This requires translators to keep pace with the times, learn and master the technical skills related to translation, and apply them to practice. So that when facing different translation scenarios and translation tasks, machine translation and artificial translation can work together. Machine translation will do some simple, basic and repetitive work, so as to save a lot of time and energy for translators to do some more complex work, so that translators can give full play to their advantages in their fields.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. Discussion on the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
====5.1 Competition====&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous progress of science and technology, machine translation will play a more and more important role. However, the different characteristics of machine translation and artificial translation determine that they will have different markets. Those regular and stylized translation work will be gradually replaced by machine translation, which will occupy a dominant position in the middle and low-end translation market. For example, ordinary texts such as daily communication, instant messaging, e-mail and Wechat do not need very accurate and professional translation, and machine translation is enough to meet their needs. High-end artificial translation talents are still in short supply. For example, political discourse, legal documents and medical documents that require high translation accuracy . Take the political discourse as an example，political discourse often represents the national image and belongs to a very sensitive topic. A slight error will cause irreparable consequences and even affect international relations. For another example, literature, art and other fields with high requirements for imagination and creativity need artificial translation to assume humanistic responsibility while machine translation cannot make a perfect judgment in this regard. In the future, the division of labor between machine translation and artificial translation in the target market will gradually become clear. Machine translation and artificial translation will compete in different positioning markets. Moreover, we can see from the meaning and actual work of machine translation that compared with artificial translation, it is convenient to use, has no location restrictions, switches between multiple languages at any time and supports paragraph translation. As long as there is a network, it can be translated with high convenience and efficiency. Compared with online translation, artificial translation has higher flexibility, stronger pertinence and lower error rate. Taking simultaneous interpretation as an example, simultaneous interpretation is a very difficult interlingual conversion activity strictly limited by time, which requires the interpreter to quickly complete the prediction, understanding, memory and conversion of the source language information in a very short time with the help of the existing subject knowledge while listening to the source language, and to monitor, organize, modify and express the target language. Simultaneous interpretation translators have solid language skills, mature experience of conferences, and master extensive knowledge is an important prerequisite for doing well in simultaneous interpreting. And these are machine translation can’t be completed.&lt;br /&gt;
====5.2 Integration====&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.1 Complementarity Between Simple Translation and Complex Translation=====&lt;br /&gt;
Because machine translation can better translate some simple sentences and paragraphs, which can liberate translators from focusing on simple translation in terms of translation complexity, so that translators can have more time and energy to carry out some more complex translation work, for example, some texts with high national customs, foreign literary works with profound meaning, and texts using special rhetorical skills. In addition, laws and regulations, contracts and other texts have the highest requirements for quality, those texts need translation's standardization and accuracy, so artificial translation is safer. Literary and artistic texts focus on aesthetics and interest, so the style of the translation is pretty significant, which cannot be achieved by machine translation with only rationality and lack of humanistic cultivation. Some texts, such as product specifications, science and technology, economy and trade, news, etc., have moderate requirements for the quality of translation, and can adopt the mode of human-machine cooperation. There are usually two main modes: pre-editing + machine translation + post-editing and machine translation + post-editing. Pre-editing usually involves two parts: format processing and language processing, which refers to the structural modification of the text before machine translation. Its purpose is to reduce semantic ambiguity and make it conform to the logical mode of machine translation, so as to improve the accuracy and readability of the translation and reduce the workload of post-editing. However, no matter how intelligent the machine is and how long the translator spends on pre-editing, a certain proportion of the text that has not been successfully translated, so we still need the post-editing of machine translation. Therefore, it can be seen that machine translation and artificial translation are not antagonistic. The relationship between them should be a clear division of labor and complement each other.&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.2Complementarity Between Old and New Translation Tasks=====&lt;br /&gt;
Because machine translation has certain learning ability in some aspects, for example, based on its self-learning ability of neural network, it can memorize the existing programmatic expressions, terms and paragraphs in its database, and can translate them better and more accurately when it encounters similar sentence patterns next time so as to effectively avoid the problems of inconsistent terminology and inconsistent expression caused by the participation of many people in the translation project. Therefore, machine translation can achieve the purpose of saving translation human resources, so that they can better invest in the research and discussion of the translation of emerging terms or important expressions, and make them have stronger translation behavior.&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.3The Complementarity of Translation Scenarios=====&lt;br /&gt;
Due to its fast and convenient characteristics, machine translation can be better qualified for the application scenarios with loose translation quality and content requirements, such as daily communication, web browsing, information acquisition and so on. At present, the translation software developed in the market has basically changed from translation to faster intelligent voice real-time translation, which is welcomed by the majority of users. For more professional application scenarios, such as high-level meetings, negotiations and litigation, both translators and interpreters need more professional senior translators. For example, in some specific environments, only artificial translation can meet the translation needs, such as the translation of seven national languages in the national two sessions and congress of party representatives. Under these circumstances, only flexible artificial translation can work well. No matter whether the translation of paper documents or simultaneous interpreting at the scene requires professionals with rich experience in party and professional experience, they are determined by the seriousness and particularity of the translation scenario.&lt;br /&gt;
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The rapid development of machine translation has indeed brought convenience to the public and produced certain economic benefits, but we can't exaggerate the effectiveness of machine translation. Some so-called professionals exaggerate the power of technology while ignoring the humanistic side of translation. The reason why translation activities thrive is that different nations and countries need cultural and ideological exchanges. One-sided emphasis on science and technology or humanities is an extreme approach. The correct approach is to integrate science and technology with humanities. We should not only pay attention to the convenience of machine translation technology, but also give full play to the subjectivity of translators. No matter how developed artificial intelligence is, it is only a product developed by human beings, and its ultimate goal is to serve human beings. In the increasingly developed era of informatization and specialization, translation professionals need to embrace new technologies, learn and apply new technologies to improve their professional translation ability with the help of machine translation technology, so as to make translation faster and better. Translation majors are highly practical, practical and professional. It can be predicted that the future manual interpreter should be a combination of bilingual ability and computer software development ability. What's more, translators should learn to use machine translation and strengthen their own translation technology application ability, which is a new model of translation in the future. But at the same time, we should also see that translation is a humanities. The translator is not only a cultural messenger, but also a guardian of language. Translation is not a simple conversion of words and sounds. Its essence is the communication and dissemination of body, mind and thinking between different cultures. The temperature, thickness and purity of human nature in interpersonal and cultural communication, and the skills, creativity and wisdom embodied in human translation are beyond the reach of machine translation. At the same time, the translator is the guardian of language. If thinkers and poets are the guardians of language, a translator with thinking, creativity and artistic sense also undertakes this responsibility. Regarding the translator as the guardian of language is the affirmation and understanding of the identity of the artificial translator. On the one hand, it avoids the erosion of the natural language by the machine translation, on the other hand, it is conducive to the exertion of the subjectivity of the artificial translator. Machine translation takes into account the transmission and accuracy of information, but it cannot take into account the polysemy, fuzziness and creativity of language. However, it is the polysemy, fuzziness and creativity of language that makes our life full of spirituality, beauty and vitality.&lt;br /&gt;
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===6.Suggestions for the Combined Development of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
====6.1 Reasonable Division of Labor====&lt;br /&gt;
First of all, we should speed up the training of translation talents so that senior translation talents can match the number of machine translation. In this way, when dealing with relevant translation business, we can achieve high business efficiency, good content and quality. Secondly, while accelerating the formation of the industry, relevant state departments should give certain policy support to improve the industry status of translators, have certain professional certification for professional translation content, raise the employment threshold of the translation industry, filter out those who are not professional, leave those with good skills and increase those with ability, In this way, the translation industry can form a certain scale industry in the high-end field. The formation of the industry also requires large-scale assembly line operation to meet the needs of manual translation, supplemented by the processing capacity of machine translation for medium and low-end content, so as to solve the problems of slow translation speed and high price in the past.&lt;br /&gt;
====6.2 Both Need to be Improved====&lt;br /&gt;
So far, the universal application of machine translation still focuses on the written form. Although Google and other companies have made attempts and achieved some achievements in machine interpretation, the technology of machine interpretation is still not mature enough. The author's proposal is not to replace artificial interpretation with machine interpretation, but to realize the intelligence of the middle and low-end market like written translation. In addition, artificial translation still needs to be refined. The requirements for translators should not only focus on the mastery of language, but also absorb more skilled personnel with professional background knowledge to join the professional translation team. The future industry integration will eliminate some translators with weak professional background knowledge. At the same time, expand the training mode of translation major in colleges and universities so that students can have more opportunities to participate in social practice. Meanwhile, colleges and universities should timely understand the needs of the industry, and carefully train students from the basic stage of freshman and sophomore, so as to make students more targeted for future employment.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
With the advent of the era of artificial intelligence, AI technology is affecting the development of translation on an unprecedented scale and speed, causing profound changes in the translation industry. On the one hand, machine translation at this stage has made great achievements, gradually penetrated into our life and work, and has been applied in many fields, which has brought great convenience to our life and work; On the other hand, there are many problems in machine translation，such as cultural differences and emotional factors in language, which makes it difficult for machine translation to replace artificial translation. Since machine translation and artificial translation have their own advantages, we need to face how to integrate them efficiently, so as to give full play to their advantages and improve translation efficiency and quality. Although the development prospect of machine translation is very bright, the scope of application of machine translation and translation technology is limited. It is mainly used in general news reports, scientific and technological texts and other highly repetitive texts, which cannot completely replace artificial translation. Even the most advanced neural machine translation system has only achieved good results in the fields of daily conversation, news translation and so on. Literary texts are highly metaphorical. Machine translation and translation technology can only be used as auxiliary translation means to serve professional translators. Machine translation and artificial intelligence will not replace human creativity and imagination, but will improve the quality of translation and avoid boring and repetitive translation work. The improvement of machine translation requires the joint efforts of computer science, information science, statistics, linguistics and other academic circles, so as to realize more mature man-machine mutual assistance translation. In general, machine translation is not only a challenge, but also an opportunity. If we want to turn the challenge into an opportunity, we must constantly improve our competitiveness, keep pace with the times, make full use of new technologies related to translation, and jointly create a new era of &amp;quot;man and machines dancing together&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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===References===&lt;br /&gt;
Fan Yuxiao 樊玉消.(2021). 浅谈人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译[A Brief Talk on Machine Translation and Human Translation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence] 海外英语 Overseas English(11)179-180&lt;br /&gt;
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Liu YongQuan刘涌泉(1984)中国的机器翻译[China’s Machine Translation ].Bei Jing: Knowledge Press 知识出版社.&lt;br /&gt;
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Li Li李利(2020) 浅析机器翻译和人工翻译的关系[A Brief Analysis of the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation]国际机关PR Magazine (09)276-277.&lt;br /&gt;
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Liu Qun刘群（2012）机器翻译技术现状与展望 [Current Situation and Prospect of Machine Translation Technology]集成技术 Journal of Integration Technology(1)48-54.&lt;br /&gt;
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Jin Wenlu 靳文璐. (2019). 机器翻译可以取代人工翻译吗? [Can machine translation replace artificial translation?]. 智库时代 Think Tank Times (40) 282-284.&lt;br /&gt;
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Hu Kaibao Li Yi胡开宝，李翼(2016) 机器翻译特征及其与人工翻译关系的研究[Research on the Characteristics of Machine Translation and Its Relationship with Artificial Translation] 中国翻译 Chinese Translators Journal（37）：10-14&lt;br /&gt;
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Dai Weichang 戴伟长（1994）国内外机器翻译进展状况[Progress of Machine Translation at Home and Abroad]软件世界 Software World(12):2-3&lt;br /&gt;
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Wang Huashu WangXin王华树 王鑫(2021) 人工智能时代的翻译技术研究: 应用场景、 现存问题与趋势展望[Translation Research in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Application Scenarios, Existing Problems and Trends] 外国语文Foreign Language and Literature (01):9-17&lt;br /&gt;
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Xu Yican Liu Jibin徐一灿 刘继斌(2017) 机器翻译的现状和前景[Current Situation and Prospect of Machine Translation] 海外英语Overseas English(11):117-118&lt;br /&gt;
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Pang Yingyu(2019) 谈机器翻译与人工翻译的关系——从机器翻译与计算机辅助翻译的发展角度[The Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation -- From the Perspective of the Development of Machine Translation and Computer-aided Translation] 科学大众Popular Science(11):164-165&lt;br /&gt;
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Liu Tianze刘天泽 浅谈人工智能翻译和人工翻译的比较与展望 A Brief Discussion on the Comparison and Prospect of Artificial Intelligence Translation and Artificial Translation海外英语 Overseas English(16):46-47&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
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==陈静 Chén Jìng 国别 女 202020080595==&lt;br /&gt;
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鼎：古代食器。胡羼(chàn忏) ──胡闹。 羼：本义为群羊杂居。引申为杂乱不纯，乱七八糟。​&lt;br /&gt;
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Tripod: ancient food utensil. Hi Chan - nonsense. The original meaning is that sheep live together. It is extended meaning to be messy, impure and messy.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 01:25, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==蔡珠凤 Cài Zhūfèng 法语语言文学 女 202120081477==&lt;br /&gt;
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抓──即“抓周”，亦称“试儿”、“试周”。旧俗于婴儿满周岁时，父母摆列各种小件器物，任其抓取，以测试其秉性、智愚、志趣。此俗始于江南，后亦传到北方。&lt;br /&gt;
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Grasping -- namely &amp;quot;grasping the week&amp;quot;, also known as &amp;quot;trying the child&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;trying the week&amp;quot;. The old custom is that when a baby reaches the age of one year, his parents arrange all kinds of small objects and let him grab them to test his temperament, intelligence and interest. This custom began in the south of the Yangtze River and later spread to the north.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 01:23, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Catch ─ ─ means &amp;quot;catch the week&amp;quot;, also known as &amp;quot;test&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;test week&amp;quot;. The old custom is when the baby reaches one year old, the parents arrange all kinds of small utensils and let them grab them to test their disposition, wisdom and ambition. This custom began in the south of the Yangtze River and then spread to the north.--[[User:Zeng Junlin|Zeng Junlin]] ([[User talk:Zeng Junlin|talk]]) 07:41, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==曾俊霖 Zēng Jùnlín 国别 男 202120081478==&lt;br /&gt;
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事见北朝周·颜之推《颜氏家训·风操》：“江南风俗，儿生一期(年)，为制新衣，盥浴装饰，男则用弓矢纸笔，女则刀尺针缕(线)，并加饮食之物及珍宝服玩，置之儿前，观其发意所取，以验贪亷智愚，名之为试儿。”&lt;br /&gt;
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It is said in Yan's family instructions and customs by Yan Zhitui of the Northern Dynasty that &amp;quot;the custom in the south of the Yangtze River was born in the first year. It was to make new clothes and decorate bathrooms. Men used bows and arrows, paper and pens, women used knives, rulers, needles and threads (lines), and played with food and precious clothes. They were placed in front of their children and looked at what they wanted to take to test their greed, wisdom and stupidity. They were called test children.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zeng Junlin|Zeng Junlin]] ([[User talk:Zeng Junlin|talk]]) 07:37, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈惠妮 Chén Huìnī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081479==&lt;br /&gt;
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(宋·赵彦卫《云麓漫钞》卷二也有相同记载)又宋·叶真《爱日斋丛钞》卷一：“《玉壶野史》记曹武惠王(曹彬)始生周晬日，父母以百玩之具罗于席，观其所取。&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈湘琼 Chén Xiāngqióng 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081480==&lt;br /&gt;
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武惠王左手提干戈，右手提俎豆，斯须取一印，馀无所视。曹，真定人。江南遗俗乃在此(指真定)，今俗谓试周是也。”​&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈心怡 Chén Xīnyí 翻译学 女 202120081481==&lt;br /&gt;
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致知格物──语出《礼记·大学》：“致知在格物，格物而后知至。”意谓要想获得知识，必须探究事物的道理。 致：获得，取得。&lt;br /&gt;
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Zhi Zhi Ge Wu- ''From The Book of Rites·Daxue'': &amp;quot;Zhizhi lies in Gewu, and after Gewu, knowledge arrives.&amp;quot; It means that in order to gain knowledge, one must inquire into the truth of things. Zhi: To acquire, to obtain.--[[User:Chen Xinyi|Chen Xinyi]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi|talk]]) 05:18, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==程杨 Chéng Yáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081482==&lt;br /&gt;
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格：推究，探究，探讨。​尧……张──尧、舜、禹、汤、文、武，即唐尧、虞舜、夏禹、成汤、周文王、周武王，是从上古至西周的明君；&lt;br /&gt;
Ge: means deduction, exploration and discussion. Yao...Zhang──Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu, namely Tang Yao, Yu Shun, Xia Yu, Cheng Tang, Emperor Wen of Zhou Dynasty, Emperor Wu of Zhou Dynasty, they are all wise emperors from ancient times to the Zhou Dynasty;--[[User:Cheng Yang|Cheng Yang]] ([[User talk:Cheng Yang|talk]]) 13:11, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==丁旋 Dīng Xuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081483==&lt;br /&gt;
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周、召，即周公旦、召公奭，都是西周的贤相；孔、孟，即孔丘(通称孔子)、孟轲(通称孟子)，都是儒学的创始人；董、韩、周、程、朱、张，即汉代董仲舒、唐代韩愈、北宋周敦颐、北宋程颢和程颐兄弟、南宋朱熹、北宋张载，都是儒学理论家。&lt;br /&gt;
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Zhou, called the Duke of Zhou, and Zhao, called Duke of Shi, are both talented prime ministers (in feudal China); Kong (generally called Confucius) and Meng (generally called Mencius) are both founders of Confucianism; Dong (Dong Zhongshu in Han Dynasty), Han (Han Yu in Tang Dynasty), Zhou (Zhou Dunyi in the Northern Song Dynasty), Cheng (Cheng Jing and Cheng Yi brothers in the Northern Song Dynasty), Zhu (Zhu Xi in the Southern Song Dynasty), Zhang (Zhang Zai in the Northern Song Dynasty) are all Confucian theorists. --[[User:Ding Xuan|Ding Xuan]] ([[User talk:Ding Xuan|talk]]) 07:19, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杜莉娜 Dù Lìnuó 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081484==&lt;br /&gt;
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这些人皆是儒家竭力推崇的人物。蚩尤……秦桧──蚩尤、共工，都是传说中上古最凶恶的部族首领；桀、纣、始皇，即夏桀、商纣王、秦始皇，都是登峰造极的暴君；&lt;br /&gt;
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==付红岩 Fù Hóngyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081485==&lt;br /&gt;
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王莽、曹操、桓温、安禄山、秦桧，他们分别是汉代、三国、东晋、唐代、南宋人，都是大奸臣乃至叛逆之贼。​许由……朝云──许由，传说他是上古时为了逃避帝位而终生隐居的贤人；陶潜(即陶渊明)、阮籍、嵇康、刘伶，都是魏晋时期著名文学家及不与流俗同低昂的独行之士；&lt;br /&gt;
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==付诗雨 Fù Shīyǔ 日语语言文学 女 202120081486==&lt;br /&gt;
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王谢二族，指东晋王导和谢安，都是显贵；顾虎头，即顾恺之，字虎头，是东晋名画家；陈后主、唐明皇、宋徽宗，都是有才气的风流皇帝；&lt;br /&gt;
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==高蜜 Gāo Mì 翻译学 女 202120081487==&lt;br /&gt;
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刘庭芝即刘希夷(字庭芝)、温飞卿即温庭筠(字飞卿)，都是唐代名诗人；米南宫即米芾(南宫为世称)，是北宋名画家；石曼卿即石延年(字曼卿)、柳蓍卿即柳永(字蓍卿)、秦少游即秦观(字少游)，都是北宋著名文学家；&lt;br /&gt;
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==宫博雅 Gōng Bóyǎ 俄语语言文学 女 202120081488==&lt;br /&gt;
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倪云林即倪瓒，字云林，是元代名画家；唐伯虎即唐寅(字伯虎)、祝枝山即祝允明(字枝山)，都是明代名画家、文学家；李龟年(唐代人)、黄幡绰(唐代人)、敬新磨(五代后唐人)，都是名艺人；&lt;br /&gt;
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==何芩 Hé Qín 翻译学 女 202120081489==&lt;br /&gt;
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卓文君(已见第一回注)、红拂(先为隋相杨素的侍女，后私奔李靖，也是前蜀·杜光庭《虬髯客传》中的女主人公)、薛涛(唐代才妓)、崔莺(即唐·元稹《会真记》、元·王实甫《西厢记》中的崔莺莺)、朝云(宋代名妓)，他们都是以才貌流芳的名女。​&lt;br /&gt;
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==胡舒情 Hú Shūqíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081490==&lt;br /&gt;
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成则公侯败则贼──意谓成功的人便能获得公爵、侯爵之类的高官显爵，失败的人便被看作贼寇。表示世上并无公理，世人不讲是非，只论成功与失败，即只以成败论英雄。这里化用了“败则盗贼，成则帝王”。​&lt;br /&gt;
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Success makes the Duke while failure makes the theif ——which means that, If one is successful, he will be worshipped as the Duke. While one is unsuccessful, he will be despised as the thief. It expresses that there is no generally acknowledged truth in the world and people neglect justice and only pay attention to success and failure, that is, the sole measure. It coins a phrase here, “Failure makes a thief， success a king.”&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄锦云 Huáng Jǐnyún 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081491==&lt;br /&gt;
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出自宋·邓牧《君道》：“嘻！天下何常之有？败则盗贼，成则帝王。”东床──指女婿。典出《晋书·王羲之传》、南朝宋·刘义庆《世说新语·雅量》：晋朝太尉郗鉴派人至丞相王导家相婿，王丞相令其到东厢房随意挑选。&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄逸妍 Huáng Yìyán 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081492==&lt;br /&gt;
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此人过去一看，见王家诸郎皆很矜持，唯独王羲之坦腹躺在东床之上，毫不在乎。此人回报，郗鉴即选中王羲之为婿。后世即以“东床”、“东床坦腹”、“东床客”、“东床娇客”等代指女婿。​&lt;br /&gt;
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The man looked over and saw that all the  lords of Wang family were very reserved, except Wang Xizhi, who was lying on the east bed and didn't care, showing his belly. In return, Xi Jian chose Wang Xizhi as his son-in-law. Later generations referred to the son-in-law with &amp;quot;East Bed&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;East Bed Man Showing Belly&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;East Bed Guest&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;East Bed Distinguished Guest&amp;quot; and so on.--[[User:Huang Yiyan1|Huang Yiyan1]] ([[User talk:Huang Yiyan1|talk]]) 04:59, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄柱梁 Huáng Zhùliáng 国别 男 202120081493==&lt;br /&gt;
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退了一舍之地──意谓退避三十里。形容退居其后，不敢与争。 一舍：三十里。 这里化用了“退避三舍”之典。&lt;br /&gt;
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==金晓童 Jīn Xiǎotóng  202120081494==&lt;br /&gt;
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典出《左传·僖公二十三年》：春秋时，晋国公子重耳出奔至楚，楚成王礼遇之，因问道：“公子若反(返)晋国，则何以报不谷？”重耳对曰：“若以君之灵，得反晋国，晋、楚治兵，遇于中原，其辟(避)君三舍。”&lt;br /&gt;
This story comes from ''Zuo Zhuan · Xi public twenty three years'': During the Spring and Autumn Period (777-476 BC), Childe Chong Er of the state of Jin went to the state of Chu. King Cheng of Chu gave a banquet for Chong er and asked, &amp;quot;If childe returns to the state of Jin, how will you repay me? Chong Er answered, &amp;quot;If I can return to the state of Jin, if the troops of the state of Jin and the state of Chu meet each other in the Central Plains, I will ask the troops of the state of Jin to retreat 90 li.--[[User:Jin Xiaotong|Jin Xiaotong]] ([[User talk:Jin Xiaotong|talk]]) 06:56, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邝艳丽 Kuàng Yànl 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081495==&lt;br /&gt;
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后重耳返国为君，晋、楚城濮(在今山东省鄄城县西南)之战，重耳遵守诺言，晋军果“退三舍以辟之”。&lt;br /&gt;
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第三回&lt;br /&gt;
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托内兄如海荐西宾 接外孙贾母惜孤女&lt;br /&gt;
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==李爱璇 Lǐ Àixuán 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081496==&lt;br /&gt;
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却说雨村忙回头看时，不是别人，乃是当日同僚一案参革的张如圭。他系此地人，革后家居，今打听得都中奏准起复旧员之信，他便四下里寻情找门路，忽遇见雨村，故忙道喜。二人见了礼，张如圭便将此信告知雨村。&lt;br /&gt;
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Yue-ts'un, turning round in a hurry, perceived that the speaker was no other than a certain Chang Ju-kuei, an old colleague of his, who had been denounced and deprived of office, on account of some case or other; a native of that district, who had, since his degradation, resided in his home.Having come to hear the news that a memorial, presented in the capital, that the former officers (who had been cashiered) should be reinstated, had received the imperial consent, he had promptly done all he could, in every nook and corner, to obtain influence, and to find the means (of righting his position,) when he, unexpectedly, came across Yue-ts'un, to whom he therefore lost no time in offering his congratulations. The two friends exchanged the conventional salutations, and Chang Ju-kuei communicated the tidings to Yue-ts'un.&lt;br /&gt;
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==李瑞洋 Lǐ Ruìyáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081497==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村欢喜，忙忙叙了两句，各自别去回家。冷子兴听得此言，便忙献计，令雨村央求林如海，转向都中去央烦贾政。雨村领其意而别，回至馆中，忙寻邸报看真确了。次日，面谋之如海。如海道：“天缘凑巧。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李姗 Lǐ Shān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081498==&lt;br /&gt;
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因贱荆去世，都中家岳母念及小女无人依傍，前已遣了男女、船只来接，因小女未曾大痊，故尚未行。此刻正思送女进京。因向蒙教训之恩，未经酬报，遇此机会，岂有不尽心图报之理？弟已预筹之，修下荐书一封，托内兄务为周全，方可稍尽弟之鄙诚；&lt;br /&gt;
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Since my wife has passed away, my mother-in-law has long before dispatched servants and transporting boats here to fetch my lonely daughter. But she has not set off yet due to the fact that she had not fully recovered at that time. As she is in good condition now, I am considering sending her to her grandma's. Once you have taught my daughter but desired no handsome payment; while now you need help, how can I sit on the fence? I have already well prepared for that in advance --- a recommendation letter has been written to my brother-in-law, to ensure your success in career. Only in this way can I show my gratitude towards you.--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 08:15, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李双 Lǐ Shuāng 翻译学 女 202120081499==&lt;br /&gt;
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即有所费，弟于内家信中写明，不劳吾兄多虑。”雨村一面打恭，谢不释口；一面又问：“不知令亲大人现居何职？只怕晚生草率，不敢进谒。”如海笑道：“若论舍亲，与尊兄犹系一家，乃荣公之孙：大内兄现袭一等将军之职，名赦，字恩侯；&lt;br /&gt;
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==李文璇 Lǐ Wénxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081500==&lt;br /&gt;
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二内兄名政，字存周，现任工部员外郎，其为人谦恭厚道，大有祖父遗风，非膏粱轻薄之流，故弟致书烦托，否则不但有污尊兄清操，即弟亦不屑为矣。”雨村听了，心下方信了昨日子兴之言，于是又谢了林如海。&lt;br /&gt;
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“The second brother of my wife named Zheng, his style name is Cunzhou. He is the Yuanwai official of the Ministry of Works in feudal China. He is moderate and kind, has the dignity of his grandfather, and is not the flimsy type. Therefore, my brother sent a letter to me. Otherwise, I will not only pollute my brother's operation, but also despise my brother.” After hearing this, Yuchun had believed the words of Zixing yesterday, therefore, he thanked Lin Ruhai again. --[[User:Li Wenxuan|Li Wenxuan]] ([[User talk:Li Wenxuan|talk]]) 01:27, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李雯 Lǐ Wén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081501==&lt;br /&gt;
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如海又说：“择了出月初二日小女入都，吾兄即同路而往，岂不两便？”雨村唯唯听命，心中十分得意。如海遂打点礼物并饯行之事，雨村一一领了。那女学生原不忍离亲而去，无奈他外祖母必欲其往，且兼如海说：“汝父年已半百，再无续室之意；&lt;br /&gt;
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==李新星 Lǐ Xīnxīng 亚非语言文学 女 202120081503==&lt;br /&gt;
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且汝多病，年又极小，上无亲母教养，下无姊妹扶持。今去依傍外祖母及舅氏姊妹，正好减我内顾之忧，如何不去？”黛玉听了，方洒泪拜别，随了奶娘及荣府中几个老妇登舟而去。雨村另有船只，带了两个小童，依附黛玉而行。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李怡 Lǐ Yí 法语语言文学 女 202120081504==&lt;br /&gt;
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一日到了京都，雨村先整了衣冠，带着童仆，拿了宗侄的名帖，至荣府门上投了。彼时贾政已看了妹丈之书，即忙请入相会。见雨村相貌魁伟，言谈不俗；且这贾政最喜的是读书人，礼贤下士，拯溺救危，大有祖风；况又系妹丈致意：因此优待雨村，更又不同。&lt;br /&gt;
One day, when YuCun arrived in Jingdou, he dressed himself, and went to Rongfu with his nephew's name card. At this time Jia Zheng had seen his brother-in-law's letter, immediately invited him to come in to meet. Yucun looked tall and handsome and talked well. And Jia Zheng most like scholar, courtesy, saving, great predecessors style; Therefore, Jia Zheng is very good to Yucun. He is different from others.--[[User:Li Yi|Li Yi]] ([[User talk:Li Yi|talk]]) 08:18, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘沛婷 Liú Pèitíng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081505==&lt;br /&gt;
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便极力帮助，题奏之日，谋了一个复职。不上两月，便选了金陵应天府，辞了贾政，择日到任去了，不在话下。且说黛玉自那日弃舟登岸时，便有荣府打发轿子并拉行李车辆伺候。这黛玉尝听得母亲说，他外祖母家与别人家不同。&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘胜楠 Liú Shèngnán 翻译学 女 202120081506==&lt;br /&gt;
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他近日所见的这几个三等的仆妇，吃穿用度，已是不凡；何况今至其家，都要步步留心，时时在意，不要多说一句话，不可多行一步路，恐被人耻笑了去。自上了轿，进了城，从纱窗中瞧了一瞧，其街市之繁华，人烟之阜盛，自非别处可比。&lt;br /&gt;
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In the past few days, she has been deeply impressed by the food, clothing and behavior of the low- ranking attendants who accompanied her. She decided that in their new home, she must always be vigilant and carefully weigh every word so as not to be ridiculed for any stupid mistake. When she carried into the city, she peeped out through the gauze window on her chair at the bustling and crowded streets, which she had never seen before.--[[User:Liu Shengnan|Liu Shengnan]] ([[User talk:Liu Shengnan|talk]]) 08:32, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘薇 Liú Wēi 国别 女 202120081507==&lt;br /&gt;
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又行了半日，忽见街北蹲着两个大石狮子，三间兽头大门，门前列坐着十来个华冠丽服之人。正门不开，只东、西两角门有人出入。正门之上有一匾，匾上大书“敕造宁国府”五个大字。黛玉想道：“这是外祖的长房了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘晓 Liú Xiǎo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081508==&lt;br /&gt;
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又往西不远，照样也是三间大门，方是荣国府，却不进正门，只由西角门而进。轿子抬着走了一箭之远，将转弯时便歇了轿，后面的婆子也都下来了。另换了四个眉目秀洁的十七八岁的小厮上来抬着轿子，众婆子步下跟随。&lt;br /&gt;
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A little further to the west they came to another three gates. This was the Rong Mansion. Instead of going through the main gate, they entered the one on the west. The bearers carried the chair a bow-shot further, and then set it down at the turning and withdrew, the maidservants now going down the chair. Another four seventeen or eighteen smartly dressed lads picked up the chair, followed by the maids.--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 05:09, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Not far to the west is the same three-room gate, which is the Rongguo Mansion. Instead of going through the main gate, they entered the one on the west. The bearers carried the chair a bow-shot further, and then set it down at the turning and withdrew, the maidservants now going down the chair. Another four seventeen or eighteen smartly dressed lads picked up the chair, followed by the maids.--[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 07:26, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘越 Liú Yuè 亚非语言文学 女 202120081509==&lt;br /&gt;
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至一垂花门前落下，那小厮俱肃然退出。众婆子上前打起轿帘，扶黛玉下了轿。黛玉扶着婆子的手，进了垂花门，两边是超手游廊，正中是穿堂，当地放着一个紫檀架子大理石屏风。转过屏风，小小三间厅房。&lt;br /&gt;
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When the palanquin was dropped in front of a pendant door, the attendants all retired in silence. The ladies came forward and raised the curtain of the palanquin and helped Daiyu out of the palanquin. The two sides of the door are overhand corridors, and the centre is a hall with a marble screen on a rosewood frame. Turning past the screen, there is a small three-room hall.--[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 07:22, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘运心 Liú Yùnxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081510==&lt;br /&gt;
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厅后便是正房大院：正面五间上房，皆是雕梁画栋；两边穿山游廊、厢房，挂着各色鹦鹉、画眉等雀鸟。台阶上坐着几个穿红着绿的丫头，一见他们来了，都笑迎上来道：“刚才老太太还念诵呢，可巧就来了。”于是三四人争着打帘子。一面听得人说：“林姑娘来了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗安怡 Luó Ānyí 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081511==&lt;br /&gt;
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黛玉方进房，只见两个人扶着一位鬓发如银的老母迎上来。黛玉知是外祖母了，正欲下拜，早被外祖母抱住，搂入怀中，“心肝儿肉”叫着大哭起来。当下侍立之人无不下泪，黛玉也哭个不休。众人慢慢解劝，那黛玉方拜见了外祖母。&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗曦 Luó Xī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081512==&lt;br /&gt;
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贾母方一一指与黛玉道：“这是你大舅母。这是二舅母。这是你先前珠大哥的媳妇珠大嫂子。”黛玉一一拜见。贾母又说：“请姑娘们。今日远客来了，可以不必上学去。”众人答应了一声，便去了两个。&lt;br /&gt;
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==马新 Mǎ Xīn 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081513==&lt;br /&gt;
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不一时，只见三个奶妈并五六个丫鬟，拥着三位姑娘来了：第一个肌肤微丰，身材合中，腮凝新荔，鼻腻鹅脂，温柔沉默，观之可亲；第二个削肩细腰，长挑身材，鸭蛋脸儿，俊眼修眉，顾盼神飞，文彩精华，见之忘俗；&lt;br /&gt;
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In a little while, three grannies and five or six servant girls turned up, clustering with three ladies. The first was somewhere plump in figure and of average height; her cheek was in beautiful shape, like a fresh lichee; her nose was glossy like the goose grease; she was gentle and quiet in nature, who looks very friendly. The second  was thin and tall with an oval face, sparking eyes and long eyebrows; her elegance and quick-witted mind tickle people’s fancy, letting them forget everything vulgar.--[[User:Ma Xin|Ma Xin]] ([[User talk:Ma Xin|talk]]) 08:11, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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After a while, the three young ladies showed up, escorted by three wet nurses and five or six maids. The first was slightly plump and of medium height; her cheeks were as smooth and soft as the newly ripened lichees, and her nose was as glossy as goose fat. She was tender and reticent, and looked very affable. The second had drooping shoulders and a slender waist; she was tall and slim, with an oval face, bright and piercing eyes as well as delicate eyebrows. She seemed elegant, quick-witted and in high spirits, with a display of distinctive charm. People who looked at her were to forget everything vulgar and tawdry.--[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 23:42, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛雅文 Máo Yǎwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081514==&lt;br /&gt;
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第三个身量未足，形容尚小：其钗环裙袄，三人皆是一样的妆束。黛玉忙起身，迎上来见礼，互相厮认，归了坐位。丫鬟送上茶来。不过叙些黛玉之母如何得病，如何请医服药，如何送死发丧。不免贾母又伤感起来，因说：“我这些女孩儿，所疼的独有你母亲。&lt;br /&gt;
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The third one was not yet fully grown, and she still had the face of a child. All the three young ladies were dressed in similar garments, that is, the tunics and the skirts with the same bracelets and head ornaments. Daiyu hastily rose to greet politely these cousins, and then they introduced to and acquainted with each other, after which they took seats while the maids served the tea. All their talk now was about Daiyu's mother: the culprit for her illness, the medicine that the doctors prescribed for treating her disease, and the conduction of her funeral and mourning ceremonies. Inevitably, the Lady Dowager couldn't help being affected painfully. &amp;quot;Of all my chilren I loved your mother best,&amp;quot; she told Daiyu.--[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 07:49, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛优 Máo Yōu 俄语语言文学 女 202120081515==&lt;br /&gt;
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今一旦先我而亡，不得见面，怎不伤心！”说着，携了黛玉的手，又哭起来。众人都忙相劝慰，方略略止住。众人见黛玉年纪虽小，其举止言谈不俗；身体面貌虽弱不胜衣，却有一段风流态度，便知他有不足之症。&lt;br /&gt;
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Once she died before me, I could not see her again. She said, taking Daiyu's hand, and cried again. Everyone was busy trying to console her, and soon she slightly stopped. They saw that although Daiyu was young, her manner and speech were not ordinary; although her health was weak, she had graceful and elegant manner, so they knew that she had a disease of deficiency.--[[User:Mao You|Mao You]] ([[User talk:Mao You|talk]]) 08:43, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;Once she died before me, it is so sad that I could not see her again.&amp;quot; she said, taking Daiyu's hand, and cried again. Everyone was trying to console her, and then she slightly stopped. They saw that although Daiyu was young, her manner and speech were not ordinary; although she was weak, she had graceful and elegant gestures, so they learned that she had a disease of deficiency.--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 06:35, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==牟一心 Móu Yīxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081516==&lt;br /&gt;
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因问：“常服何药？为何不治好了？”黛玉道：“我自来如此，从会吃饭时便吃药到如今了，经过多少名医，总未见效。那一年我才三岁，记得来了一个癞头和尚，说要化我去出家，我父母自是不从。&lt;br /&gt;
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So they asked:&amp;quot; What medicine do you usually take? Why doesn't it work?&amp;quot; Daiyu replied:&amp;quot; I am used to getting along with my disease. I have been taking medicine since I could eat. A lot of famous daocters cannot contribute to my illness.When I was three years old, a monk with favus on the head came to persuade me to become a nun,but my parents declined him.--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 08:07, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==彭瑞雪 Péng Ruìxuě 法语语言文学 女 202120081517==&lt;br /&gt;
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他又说：‘既舍不得他，但只怕他的病，一生也不能好的；若要好时，除非从此以后，总不许见哭声，除父母之外，凡有外亲，一概不见，方可平安了此一生。’这和尚疯疯癫癫，说了这些不经之谈，也没人理他。&lt;br /&gt;
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==秦建安 Qín Jiànān 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081518==&lt;br /&gt;
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如今还是吃人参养荣丸。”贾母道：“这正好，我这里正配丸药呢，叫他们多配一料就是了。”一语未完，只听后院中有笑语声，说：“我来迟了，没得迎接远客。”黛玉思忖道：“这些人个个皆敛声屏气如此，这来者是谁，这样放诞无礼？”&lt;br /&gt;
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Now Lin Daiyu is still taking ginseng pills.And Grandma Jia said:&amp;quot; What a coincidence! The pills are making now, I just tell them to add one.&amp;quot; The words have not been finished, but there is a laugh in the back yard, which said:&amp;quot; I come late and fail to welcome our distinguished guest.&amp;quot; Daiyu thought: all people here are holding their breath, who is this person that is so arrogant and rude?--[[User:Qing Jianan|Qing Jianan]] ([[User talk:Qing Jianan|talk]]) 08:19, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邱婷婷 Qiū Tíngtíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081519==&lt;br /&gt;
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心下想时，只见一群媳妇、丫鬟拥着一个丽人，从后房进来。这个人打扮与姑娘们不同，彩绣辉煌，恍若神妃仙子：头上戴着金丝八宝攒珠髻，绾着朝阳五凤挂珠钗；项上戴着赤金盘螭缨络圈；身上穿着缕金百蝶穿花大红云缎窄褃袄，外罩五彩刻丝石青银鼠褂；&lt;br /&gt;
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Lin Daiyu was still thinking about it when she saw a group of daughters-in-law and maids embracing a beautiful woman who came in from the back room. This woman dresses differently from the girls,  with colorful embroidery splendor,  and looks like a divine concubine fairy: wearing a gold silk eight treasure save beads bun and the sunrise five phoenix hanging beads hairpin on the head; a red gold coiled chi dragon tassel ring around the neck; wearing the bright red made of cloud satin material narrow lining cotton jacket with decorations of wisps of gold hundred butterflies and flowers, and  the outer coat with decorations of the multicolored engraved silk stone green silver mouse.--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 07:47, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==饶金盈 Ráo Jīnyíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081520==&lt;br /&gt;
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下着翡翠撒花洋绉裙。一双丹凤三角眼，两弯柳叶吊梢眉。身量苗条，体格风骚。粉面含春威不露，丹唇未启笑先闻。黛玉连忙起身接见。贾母笑道：“你不认得他。他是我们这里有名的一个泼辣货，南京所谓‘辣子’，你只叫他‘凤辣子’就是了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Wang Xifeng wore a jadeite flowered dress underneath, with a pair of phoenix triangle eyes and two curved willow hanging eyebrows. Her figure is slim and her physique is flirtatious. She can be described with “ the face is delicate and beautiful, spirited character of her is not revealed in the appearance, red lips beautiful, not yet open mouth first heard her laugh”. Lin Daiyu hastily got up to curtsy to  her. Lady Dowager said with a smile, &amp;quot;You do not recognize her. She is famous for her boldness and vigorousness  here, she is truly the 'chilli woman' in Nanjing dialect, you can just call her ' chilli Feng'.&amp;quot;--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 07:35, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Wang Xifeng, characterized by a pair of phoenix triangle eyes and two curved willow hanging eyebrows, wore an emerald flowered crepe skirt. She was slender and coquettish, with a delicate face and a smiling lip. Daiyu promptly rose quickly to greet her. Lady Dowager said with a smile: “ you don’t know him. He is famous for her fierceness and toughness, namely the so-called Nanjing chilli. So you can just call him ‘Chilli Feng’.”--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 12:48, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==石丽青 Shí Lìqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081521==&lt;br /&gt;
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黛玉正不知以何称呼，众姊妹都忙告诉黛玉道：“这是琏二嫂子。”黛玉虽不曾识面，听见他母亲说过：大舅贾赦之子贾琏，娶的就是二舅母王氏的内侄女，自幼假充男儿教养，学名叫做王熙凤。黛玉忙陪笑见礼，以“嫂”呼之。&lt;br /&gt;
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Daiyu was insensible of what to call her. Then her sisters told her promptly: “ this is your sister-in-law Lian Er.” Although Daiyu had never met her, she heard of her from his mother: Jia Lian, the son of her Uncle Jia She, had married the niece of Aunt Wang, named scientifically Wang Xifeng, was brought up as a male offspring since childhood. Daiyu was engaged in smiling and saluting at her, calling her “sister-in-law”.--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 12:32, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==孙雅诗 Sūn Yǎshī 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081522==&lt;br /&gt;
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这熙凤携着黛玉的手，上下细细打量了一回，便仍送至贾母身边坐下，因笑道：“天下真有这样标致人儿！我今日才算看见了。况且这通身的气派，竟不像老祖宗的外孙女儿，竟是嫡亲的孙女儿似的，怨不得老祖宗天天嘴里心里放不下。&lt;br /&gt;
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==王李菲 Wáng Lǐfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081523==&lt;br /&gt;
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只可怜我这妹妹这么命苦，怎么姑妈偏就去世了呢？”说着便用帕拭泪。贾母笑道：“我才好了，你又来招我；你妹妹远路才来，身子又弱，也才劝住了：快别再提了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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I pity my sister for being so miserable, how could my aunt died so early?&amp;quot; She said, wiping her tears with her handkerchief. Grandma Jia laughed and said, &amp;quot;I've just recovered. You come to provoke me again. Your sister has just arrived from a long journey and is weak, so she has just been persuaded: Don't mention it again.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wang Lifei|Wang Lifei]] ([[User talk:Wang Lifei|talk]]) 02:37, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I pity my sister who is so miserable, how could my aunt have died?&amp;quot; She said, wiping her tears with her handkerchief. Your sister has only just arrived from a long journey and is weak, so she has only just been persuaded to stop talking about it.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wang Yifan21|Wang Yifan21]] ([[User talk:Wang Yifan21|talk]]) 08:22, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王逸凡 Wáng Yìfán 亚非语言文学 女 202120081524==&lt;br /&gt;
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熙凤听了，忙转悲为喜道：“正是呢，我一见了妹妹，一心都在他身上，又是喜欢，又是伤心，竟忘了老祖宗了。该打，该打！”又忙拉着黛玉的手问道：“妹妹几岁了？可也上过学？现吃什么药？在这里别想家。&lt;br /&gt;
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The first time I saw my sister, I was all over him, and I liked him, and I was sad, and I forgot about my ancestors. You should be beaten, you should be beaten!&amp;quot; He also took Daiyu's hand and asked, &amp;quot;How old is my sister? How old is she? What kind of medicine do you take now? Don't be homesick here.--[[User:Wang Yifan21|Wang Yifan21]] ([[User talk:Wang Yifan21|talk]]) 08:21, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王镇隆 Wáng Zhènlóng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 男 202120081525==&lt;br /&gt;
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要什么吃的，什么玩的，只管告诉我；丫头、老婆们不好，也只管告诉我。”黛玉一一答应。一面熙凤又问人：“林姑娘的东西可搬进来了？带了几个人来？你们赶早打扫两间屋子，叫他们歇歇儿去。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Just tell me what you want to eat and play; Girls and old servants are not good, just tell me. &amp;quot; Daiyu nodded one by one. On one side, Xifeng asked, &amp;quot;have you moved in Miss Lin's things? How many people have you brought? Clean the two rooms early and tell them to have a rest.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wang Zhenlong|Wang Zhenlong]] ([[User talk:Wang Zhenlong|talk]]) 06:54, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==卫怡雯 Wèi Yíwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081526==&lt;br /&gt;
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说话时已摆了果茶上来，熙凤亲自布让。又见二舅母问他：“月钱放完了没有？”熙凤道：“放完了。刚才带了人到后楼上找缎子，找了半日，也没见昨儿太太说的那个。想必太太记错了。”王夫人道：“有没有，什么要紧！”&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏楚璇 Wèi Chǔxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081527==&lt;br /&gt;
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因又说道：“该随手拿出两个来，给你这妹妹裁衣裳啊。等晚上想着，再叫人去拿罢。”熙凤道：“我倒先料着了，知道妹妹这两日必到，我已经预备下了。等太太回去过了目，好送来。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏兆妍 Wèi Zhàoyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081528==&lt;br /&gt;
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王夫人一笑，点头不语。当下茶果已撤，贾母命两个老嬷嬷带黛玉去见两个舅舅去。维时贾赦之妻邢氏忙起身笑回道：“我带了外甥女儿过去，到底便宜些。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Her Ladyship smiled, nodded and said nothing. Now the refreshments were cleared away and the Lady Dowager ordered two nurses to take Daiyu to see her two uncles. At this time, Mrs. She also immediately stood up, replied with smile, &amp;quot;it's also very convenient for me to take my niece.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wei Zhaoyan|Wei Zhaoyan]] ([[User talk:Wei Zhaoyan|talk]]) 13:51, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴婧悦 Wú Jìngyuè 俄语语言文学 女 202120081529==&lt;br /&gt;
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贾母笑道：“正是呢，你也去罢，不必过来了。”那邢夫人答应了，遂带着黛玉，和王夫人作辞，大家送至穿堂。垂花门前早有众小厮拉过一辆翠幄青油车来，邢夫人携了黛玉坐上，众老婆们放下车帘，方命小厮们抬起。&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴映红 Wú Yìnghóng 日语语言文学 女 202120081530==&lt;br /&gt;
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拉至宽处，驾上驯骡，出了西角门往东，过荣府正门，入一黑油漆大门内，至仪门前方下了车。邢夫人挽着黛玉的手进入院中。黛玉度其处必是荣府中之花园隔断过来的。&lt;br /&gt;
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==肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531==&lt;br /&gt;
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进入三层仪门，果见正房、厢房、游廊悉皆小巧别致，不似那边的轩峻壮丽，且院中随处之树木山石皆好。及进入正室，早有许多艳妆丽服之姬妾、丫鬟迎着。邢夫人让黛玉坐了；一面令人到外书房中请贾赦。&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532==&lt;br /&gt;
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一时回来说：“老爷说了：‘连日身上不好，见了姑娘，彼此伤心，暂且不忍相见。劝姑娘不必伤怀想家，跟着老太太和舅母，是和家里一样的。姐妹们虽拙，大家一处作伴，也可以解些烦闷。或有委屈之处，只管说，别外道了才是。’”&lt;br /&gt;
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Mrs.Xing came back and said, &amp;quot;the master said, 'I've been felt not so good for days. I am afraid that I will be emotional if I see you, so I can't bear to see you for the time being. I advise you not to be homesick. It's the same as home to follow the old lady and aunt. Although the sisters are clumsy, you can relieve some boredom if you keep company together. If you have grievances, just tell us and make yourself at home.''&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢庆琳 Xiè Qìnglín 俄语语言文学 女 202120081533==&lt;br /&gt;
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黛玉忙站起身来，一一答应了。再坐一刻便告辞，邢夫人苦留吃过饭去。黛玉笑回道：“舅母爱惜赐饭，原不应辞；只是还要过去拜见二舅舅，恐去迟了不恭，异日再领。望舅母容谅。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==熊敏 Xióng Mǐn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081534==&lt;br /&gt;
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邢夫人道：“这也罢了。”遂命两个嬷嬷用方才坐来的车送过去。于是黛玉告辞。邢夫人送至仪门前，又嘱咐了众人几句，眼看着车去了方回来。一时黛玉进入荣府，下了车，只见一条大甬路直接出大门来。&lt;br /&gt;
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==徐敏赟 Xú Mǐnyūn 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 男 202120081535==&lt;br /&gt;
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众嬷嬷引着，便往东转弯，走过一座东西穿堂，向南大厅之后，仪门内大院落：上面五间大正房，两边厢房，鹿顶耳房钻山，四通八达，轩昂壮丽，比各处不同。黛玉便知这方是正内室。&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜静 Yán Jìng 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 女 202120081536==&lt;br /&gt;
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进入堂屋，抬头迎面先见一个赤金九龙青地大匾，匾上写着斗大三个字，是“荣禧堂”；后有一行小字：“某年月日书赐荣国公贾源”，又有“万幾宸翰”之宝。大紫檀雕螭案上，设着三尺多高青绿古铜鼎，悬着待漏随朝墨龙大画，一边是錾金彝，一边是玻璃盆。&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜莉莉 Yán Lìlì 国别 女 202120081537==&lt;br /&gt;
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地下两溜十六张楠木圈椅。又有一副对联，乃是乌木联牌镶着錾金字迹，道是：座上珠玑昭日月，堂前黼黻焕烟霞。下面一行小字是“世教弟勋袭东安郡王穆莳拜手书”。原来王夫人时常居坐宴息也不在这正室中，只在东边的三间耳房内。&lt;br /&gt;
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On the ground two rows of 16 nanmu armchairs. There is also a pair of couplets, ebony couplet inset with gold handwriting, it said:The pearl and jade in the seat can shine with the sun and the moon; The people in front of the lobby wearing official clothes, its colors like clouds like clouds. The next line is written by mu Shis, the hereditary king of Dongpyeong County, who is a brother who has been taught by your family for generations.For Lady Wang often sat and reposed not in this main room, but in the three eastern rooms.--[[User:Yan Lili|Yan Lili]] ([[User talk:Yan Lili|talk]]) 03:36, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜子涵 Yán Zǐhán 国别 女 202120081538==&lt;br /&gt;
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于是嬷嬷们引黛玉进东房门来。临窗大炕上铺着猩红洋毯，正面设着大红金钱蟒引枕，秋香色金钱蟒大条褥；两边设一对梅花式洋漆小几：左边几上摆着文王鼎，鼎旁匙箸、香盒；右边几上摆着汝窑美人觚，里面插着时鲜花草。&lt;br /&gt;
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==阳佳颖 Yáng Jiāyǐng 国别 女 202120081540==&lt;br /&gt;
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地下面，西一溜四张大椅，都搭着银红撒花椅搭，底下四副脚踏；两边又有一对高几，几上茗碗、瓶花俱备。其馀陈设，不必细说。老嬷嬷让黛玉上炕坐。炕沿上却也有两个锦褥对设。&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨爱江 Yáng Àijiāng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081541==&lt;br /&gt;
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黛玉度其位次，便不上炕，只就东边椅上坐了。本房的丫鬟忙捧上茶来。黛玉一面吃了，打量这些丫鬟们妆饰衣裙，举止行动，果与别家不同。&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨堃 Yáng Kūn 法语语言文学 女 202120081542==&lt;br /&gt;
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茶未吃了，只见一个穿红绫袄、青绸掐牙背心的一个丫鬟走来笑道：“太太说，请林姑娘到那边坐罢。”老嬷嬷听了，于是又引黛玉出来，到了东廊三间小正房内。&lt;br /&gt;
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Before the tea was drunk, a servant girl wearing a red silk jacket and a green satin vest came up and smiled, &amp;quot;Mrs. Wang invited Miss Lin to come and sit over there.&amp;quot; When the old Mammy heard this, she led Daiyu out again and went to the third small main room on the east porch.--[[User:Yang Kun|Yang Kun]] ([[User talk:Yang Kun|talk]]) 03:33, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨柳青 Yáng Liǔqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081543==&lt;br /&gt;
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正面炕上横设一张炕桌，上面堆着书籍、茶具；靠东壁面西设着半旧的青缎靠背、引枕。王夫人却坐在西边下首，亦是半旧青缎靠背、坐褥。见黛玉来了，便往东让。&lt;br /&gt;
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==叶维杰 Yè Wéijié 国别 男 202120081544==&lt;br /&gt;
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黛玉心中料定这是贾政之位。因见挨炕一溜三张椅子上也搭着半旧的弹花椅袱，黛玉便向椅上坐了。王夫人再三让他上炕，他方挨王夫人坐下。王夫人因说：“你舅舅今日斋戒去了，再见罢。&lt;br /&gt;
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==易扬帆 Yì Yángfān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081545==&lt;br /&gt;
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只是有句话嘱咐你：你三个姐妹倒都极好，以后一处念书认字，学针线，或偶一玩笑，却都有个尽让的。我就只一件不放心：我有一个孽根祸胎，是家里的混世魔王，今日因往庙里还愿去，尚未回来，晚上你看见就知道了。&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷慧珍 Yīn Huìzhēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081546==&lt;br /&gt;
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你以后总不用理会他，你这些姐姐妹妹都不敢沾惹他的。”黛玉素闻母亲说过：“有个内侄，乃衔玉而生，顽劣异常，不喜读书，最喜在内帏厮混。外祖母又溺爱，无人敢管。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷美达 Yīn Měidá 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081547==&lt;br /&gt;
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今见王夫人所说，便知是这位表兄。一面陪笑道：“舅母所说，可是衔玉而生的？在家时，记得母亲常说：这位哥哥比我大一岁，小名就叫宝玉，性虽憨顽，说待姊妹们却是极好的。&lt;br /&gt;
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==尹媛 Yǐn Yuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081548==&lt;br /&gt;
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况我来了，自然和姊妹们一处，弟兄们是另院别房，岂有沾惹之理？”王夫人笑道：“你不知道原故。他和别人不同，自幼因老太太疼爱，原系和姐妹们一处娇养惯了的。&lt;br /&gt;
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==詹若萱 Zhān Ruòxuān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081549==&lt;br /&gt;
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若姐妹们不理他，他倒还安静些；若一日姐妹们和他多说了一句话，他心上一喜，便生出许多事来：所以嘱咐你别理会他。他嘴里一时甜言蜜语，一时有天没日，疯疯傻傻，只休信他。”黛玉一一的都答应着。&lt;br /&gt;
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==张秋怡 Zhāng Qiūyí 亚非语言文学 女 202120081550==&lt;br /&gt;
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忽见一个丫鬟来说：“老太太那里传晚饭了。”王夫人忙携了黛玉，出后房门，由后廊往西，出了角门，是一条南北甬路，南边是倒座三间小小抱厦厅，北边立着一个粉油大影壁，后有一个半大门，小小一所房屋。&lt;br /&gt;
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==张扬 Zhāng Yáng 国别 男 202120081551==&lt;br /&gt;
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王夫人笑指向黛玉道：“这是你凤姐姐的屋子。回来你好往这里找他去，少什么东西，只管和他说就是了。”这院门上也有几个才总角的小厮，都垂手侍立。王夫人遂携黛玉穿过一个东西穿堂，便是贾母的后院了。&lt;br /&gt;
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Lady King smiled at Mascara Jade Pearl and said: &amp;quot;This is your sister Phoenix's house. If you come back, you can find her here. And if there's anything missing, just tell her.&amp;quot; On the gate of the courtyard, there were also several young boys who were only in their childhood, all standing with their hands down. Lady King then took Mascara Jade Pearl through an east-west hall, which was Grandma Merchant's backyard.--[[User:Zhang Yang|Zhang Yang]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yang|talk]]) 07:30, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张怡然 Zhāng Yírán 俄语语言文学 女 202120081552==&lt;br /&gt;
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于是进入后房门，已有许多人在此伺候，见王夫人来，方安设桌椅；贾珠之妻李氏捧杯，熙凤安箸，王夫人进羹。贾母正面榻上独坐，两旁四张空椅。熙凤忙拉黛玉在左边第一张椅子上坐下，黛玉十分推让。&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟义菲 Zhōng Yìfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081553==&lt;br /&gt;
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贾母笑道：“你舅母和嫂子们是不在这里吃饭的。你是客，原该这么坐。”黛玉方告了坐，就坐了。贾母命王夫人也坐了。迎春姊妹三个告了坐，方上来：迎春坐右手第一，探春左第二，惜春右第二。&lt;br /&gt;
Mrs. Jia said with a smile, &amp;quot;your aunt and sister-in-law don't eat here. You are a guest. You should have sat here.&amp;quot; Daiyu then sat down. Jia Mu ordered Mrs. Wang to sit down. The three sisters of Yingchun sat down：Yingchun sat first on the right hand, Tanchun second on the left, and Xi Chun second on the right.--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 10:36, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Mrs. Jia said with a smile, &amp;quot;your aunts and sisters-in-law don't eat here. You are a guest. You should have sat here.&amp;quot; Daiyu then sat down. Mrs. Jia ordered Mrs. Wang to sit down. The three sisters of Yingchun were asked to sit down: Yingchun sat first on the right hand, Tanchun second on the left, and Xi Chun second on the right.--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 02:02, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟雨露 Zhōng Yǔlù 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081554==&lt;br /&gt;
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旁边丫鬟执着拂尘、漱盂、巾帕，李纨、凤姐立于案边布让；外间伺候的媳妇、丫鬟虽多，却连一声咳嗽不闻。饭毕，各各有丫鬟用小茶盘捧上茶来。当日林家教女以惜福养身，每饭后必过片时方吃茶，不伤脾胃；&lt;br /&gt;
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Standing at the table, the servant girls held the horsetail whisks, vessels for mouthwash and handkerchiefs. Li Wan and Wang Xifeng sent dishes, refreshments to guests and invited them to eat. Though there were many servant girls in the outer room, they could not be heard to utter a sound. When the meal was over, each servant girl brought tea with a small tray. The daughter of Lin Ruhai, Lin Daiyu took tea after each meal to keep health and not hurt her spleen and stomach.--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 01:55, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周玖 Zhōu Jiǔ 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081555==&lt;br /&gt;
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今黛玉见了这里许多规矩不似家中，也只得随和些。接了茶，又有人捧过漱盂来，黛玉也漱了口，又盥手毕。然后又捧上茶来，这方是吃的茶。贾母便说：“你们去罢，让我们自在说说话儿。”&lt;br /&gt;
Now Daiyu saw many rules here are not like the rules of her home. She was also easy-going. After receiving the tea, someone else took a gargle bowl for her. Daiyu also rinsed her mouth and finished washing her hands again. Then tea which was for drinking was brought in. Then Mother Jia said to servants , &amp;quot;You all go and let's have a talk in our own comfort.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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==周俊辉 Zhōu Jùnhuī 法语语言文学 女 202120081556==&lt;br /&gt;
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王夫人遂起身，又说了两句闲话儿，方引李、凤二人去了。贾母因问黛玉念何书，黛玉道：“刚念了《四书》。”黛玉又问姊妹读何书，贾母道：“读什么书，不过认几个字罢了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==周巧 Zhōu Qiǎo 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081557==&lt;br /&gt;
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一语未了，只听外面一阵脚步响，丫鬟进来报道：“宝玉来了。”黛玉心想：“这个宝玉，不知是怎样个惫懒人呢。”及至进来一看，却是位青年公子：头上戴着束发嵌宝紫金冠，齐眉勒着二龙戏珠金抹额；&lt;br /&gt;
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After a word, only a sound of footsteps outside, the maid came in and reported: &amp;quot;Baoyu is here.&amp;quot; Daiyu thought to herself: &amp;quot;This Baoyu, I don't know what a tired lazy person.&amp;quot; When she came in, she was a young man. He wears a purple and gold crown with hair inlaid on his head, and his forehead are tied with gold frontlet（The shape is two dragons playing with pearled）.--[[User:Zhou Qing|Zhou Qing]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qing|talk]]) 15:21, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周清 Zhōu Qīng 法语语言文学 女 202120081558==&lt;br /&gt;
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一件二色金百蝶穿花大红箭袖，束着五彩丝攒花结长穗宫绦，外罩石青起花八团倭缎排穗褂；登着青缎粉底小朝靴。面若中秋之月，色如春晓之花；鬓若刀裁，眉如墨画，鼻如悬胆，睛若秋波。&lt;br /&gt;
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A big red arrow sleeve decorated with two-color golden butterfly flowers, is tied with multicolored silk and knotted with long spikes, and is covered with azurite and satin rowed gowns; it wears small green satin and powder-soled boots. The face is as round and beautiful as the moon of Mid-Autumn Festival, the complexion is like a flower of spring dawn; the temples are like a knife cut, the eyebrows are like ink painting, the nose is like a hanging gall, and the eyes are like autumn waves.&lt;br /&gt;
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==周小雪 Zhōu Xiǎoxuě 日语语言文学 女 202120081559==&lt;br /&gt;
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虽怒时而似笑，即嗔视而有情。项上金螭缨络，又有一根五色丝绦，系着一块美玉。黛玉一见，便吃一大惊，心中想道：“好生奇怪：倒像在那里见过的，何等眼熟！”只见这宝玉向贾母请了安，贾母便命：“去见你娘来。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==朱素珍 Zhū Sùzhēn 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081561==&lt;br /&gt;
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即转身去了。一会再来时已换了冠带：头上周围一转的短发都结成小辫，红丝结束，共攒至顶中胎发，总编一根大辫，黑亮如漆，从顶至梢，一串四颗大珠，用金八宝坠脚；身上穿着银红撒花半旧大袄；仍旧带着项圈、宝玉、寄名锁、护身符等物；&lt;br /&gt;
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==邹岳丽 Zōu Yuèlí 日语语言文学 女 202120081562==&lt;br /&gt;
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下面半露松绿撒花绫裤，锦边弹墨袜，厚底大红鞋。越显得面如傅粉，唇若施脂；转盼多情，语言若笑。天然一段风韵，全在眉梢；平生万种情思，悉堆眼角。看其外貌，最是极好，却难知其底细。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Nadia 202011080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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后人有《西江月》二词批的极确，词曰：&lt;br /&gt;
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==Mahzad Heydarian 玛莎 202021080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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无故寻愁觅恨，有时似傻如狂。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Mariam toure 2020GBJ002301==&lt;br /&gt;
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纵然生得好皮囊，腹内原来草莽。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Rouabah Soumaya 202121080001==&lt;br /&gt;
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潦倒不通庶务，愚顽怕读文章。&lt;br /&gt;
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I'm not able to get through general affairs, and I'm afraid of reading articles.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Numan 202121080002==&lt;br /&gt;
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行为偏僻性乖张，那管世人诽谤。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Atta Ur Rahman 202121080003==&lt;br /&gt;
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又曰：富贵不知乐业，贫穷难耐凄凉。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Saqib Mehran 202121080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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可怜辜负好时光，于国于家无望。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Zohaib Chand 202121080005==&lt;br /&gt;
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天下无能第一，古今不肖无双。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Jawad Ahmad 202121080006==&lt;br /&gt;
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寄言纨袴与膏粱，莫效此儿形状。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Nizam Uddin 202121080007==&lt;br /&gt;
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却说贾母见他进来，笑道：“外客没见就脱了衣裳了，还不去见你妹妹呢。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==Öncü 202121080008==&lt;br /&gt;
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宝玉早已看见了一个袅袅婷婷的女儿，便料定是林姑妈之女，忙来见礼。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Akira Jantarat 202121080009==&lt;br /&gt;
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归了坐细看时，真是与众各别。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Benjamin Wellsand 202111080118==&lt;br /&gt;
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只见：两弯似蹙非蹙笼烟眉，一双似喜非喜含情目。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Asep Budiman 202111080020==&lt;br /&gt;
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态生两靥之愁，娇袭一身之病。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Ei Mon Kyaw 202111080021==&lt;br /&gt;
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泪光点点，娇喘微微。&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211208_homework&amp;diff=131179</id>
		<title>20211208 homework</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211208_homework&amp;diff=131179"/>
		<updated>2021-12-12T07:15:18Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531 */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;Quicklinks: [[Introduction_to_Translation_Studies_2021|Back to course homepage]] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal#Frequently_asked_questions_FAQ FAQ]  [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal Manual] [[20210926_homework|Back to all homework webpages overview]] [[20220112_final_exam|final exam page]]&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈静 Chén Jìng 国别 女 202020080595==&lt;br /&gt;
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说了一会话，临走又送我二两银子。”甄家娘子听了，不觉感伤。一夜无话。&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;We talked for a while and give me two bundles of silver when leaving.&amp;quot; Hearing this, Mrs. Zhen feel sad and keep silent the whole night.--[[User:Chen Jing|Chen Jing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jing|talk]]) 07:03, 9 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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“After talking for a while, he gave me two Liang of silver before he left. &amp;quot; The Zhen lady listened and felt sad. I was kept silence all night.&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 07:08, 9 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==蔡珠凤 Cài Zhūfèng 法语语言文学 女 202120081477==&lt;br /&gt;
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次日，早有雨村遣人送了两封银子、四匹锦缎，答谢甄家娘子；又一封密书与封肃，托他向甄家娘子要那娇杏作二房。封肃喜得眉开眼笑，巴不得去奉承太爷，便在女儿前一力撺掇。&lt;br /&gt;
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The next day, Yucun sent two bundles of silver and four brocades to thank the Zhen lady; Another secret letter to Feng Su asked him to ask the Zhen lady for the delicate Jiaoxing as concubine. Feng Su was so happy that he was eager to flatter the Lord, so he tried his best to encourage his daughter.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 14:01, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The next day, Yucun sent two bundles of silver and four brocades to thank  Zhen lady; He also sent another secret letter to Feng Su, asking him to ask Jiaoxing, the daughter of Zhen Lady, to be his second wife. Feng Su was so happy that he was eager to flatter the Lord, so he tried his best to encourage his daughter.--[[User:Chen Huini|Chen Huini]] ([[User talk:Chen Huini|talk]]) 07:56, 5 December 2021 (UTC)Chen Huini&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈惠妮 Chén Huìnī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081479==&lt;br /&gt;
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当夜用一乘小轿，便把娇杏送进衙内去了。雨村欢喜，自不必言；又封百金赠与封肃，又送甄家娘子许多礼物，令其且自过活，以待访寻女儿下落。&lt;br /&gt;
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One evening, Jiaoxing was sent to prison by a small sedan carriage. Undoutedbly, Yucun was very pleased and gave hundreds of golds to Fengsu and many gifts to Zhen's wife so that she can live by herself untill her daugther was found.--[[User:Chen Huini|Chen Huini]] ([[User talk:Chen Huini|talk]]) 11:17, 4 December 2021 (UTC)Chen Huini&lt;br /&gt;
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At that very night he put Jiaoxing in a small sedan-chair and escorted her to the yamen. We don't need to imagine Yucun's satisfaction.He gave Feng Su a hundred pieces of gold and sent Mrs. Zhen many gifts, telling her to take good care of herself that she can find her daughter.--[[User:Chen Xiangqiong|Chen Xiangqiong]] ([[User talk:Chen Xiangqiong|talk]]) 01:11, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈湘琼 Chén Xiāngqióng 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081480==&lt;br /&gt;
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却说娇杏那丫头，便是当年回顾雨村的，因偶然一看，便弄出这段奇缘，也是意想不到之事。谁知他命运两济：不承望自到雨村身边只一年，便生一子；又半载，雨村嫡配忽染疾下世，雨村便将他扶作正室夫人。&lt;br /&gt;
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Now Jiaoxing was the maid who had looked back at Yucun that year, little dreaming that one casual glance could have such an extraordinary outcome.And so lucky she was that wthin a year of marriage she bore a son; and after another half year Yucun's wife was very ill and died, and then he made Jiaoxing his wife, giving her higher position.&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈心怡 Chén Xīnyí 翻译学 女 202120081481==&lt;br /&gt;
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正是：偶因一回顾，便为人上人。原来雨村因那年士隐赠银之后，他于十六日便起身赴京。大比之期，十分得意，中了进士，选入外班，今已升了本县太爷。&lt;br /&gt;
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Jiaoxing looked back at Jia Yucun out of curiosity, not out of love. But because of such a chance, from a little girl who was serviced, she became a rich lady who serviced others. It turns out that Yucun because of silver given by Shiyin in that year, he left for Beijing on the 16th. He was lucky enough to won the scholar in the great competition and was selected into the outer class, now has been promoted to the county magistrate. --[[User:Chen Xinyi|Chen Xinyi]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi|talk]]) 09:33, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Jiaoxing looked back at Jia Yucun out of curiosity, not out of love. And because of such a chance, from a little girl who was serviced, she became a rich lady who serviced others. It turns out that Yucun because of tael given by Shiyin in that year, he left for Beijing on the 16th. He was lucky enough to won the scholar in the great competition and was selected into the outer class, now has been promoted to the county magistrate.--[[User:Cheng Yang|Cheng Yang]] ([[User talk:Cheng Yang|talk]]) 05:01, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==程杨 Chéng Yáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081482==&lt;br /&gt;
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虽才干优长，未免贪酷，且恃才侮上，那同寅皆侧目而视。不上一年，便被上司参了一本，说他貌似有才，性实狡猾；又题了一两件徇庇蠹役、交结乡绅之事。&lt;br /&gt;
Although he was very capable, he was a bit accustomed to corruption, was too harsh on his subordinates, and relied on his outstanding talents, and showed little respect for his superiors. Those colleagues had deep resentment towards him. In less than a year, he was got goods by his superior and wrote these things into a memorial to the throne, saying that he was cunning by nature, tampering with etiquette privately; and writing down one more things of acting wrongly out of personal considerations of those who harmed the interests of citizens and conluding with the squire.--[[User:Cheng Yang|Cheng Yang]] ([[User talk:Cheng Yang|talk]]) 04:54, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Although capable, he was a bit accustomed to corruption,  too harsh on his subordinates, relying on his outstanding talents, showing little respect for his superiors. Those colleagues had deep resentment towards him. In less than a year, he was accused by his superior of his cunning by nature, tampering with etiquette privately and mention of one more things of acting wrongly out of personal considerations of those who harmed the interests of citizens and conluding with the squire.--[[User:Ding Xuan|Ding Xuan]] ([[User talk:Ding Xuan|talk]]) 07:03, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==丁旋 Dīng Xuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081483==&lt;br /&gt;
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龙颜大怒，即命革职。部文一到，本府各官无不喜悦。那雨村虽十分惭恨，面上却全无一点怨色，仍是嘻笑自若。&lt;br /&gt;
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The emperor was extremely irritated and immediately removed him from office. Every official of this department was glad when the dismission information arrived. Though  very guilty and regretful, Yucun was smiling as often without any complaint complexion.--[[User:Ding Xuan|Ding Xuan]] ([[User talk:Ding Xuan|talk]]) 02:29, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杜莉娜 Dù Lìnuó 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081484==&lt;br /&gt;
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交代过了公事，将历年所积的宦囊，并家属人等，送至原籍，安顿妥当了，却自己担风袖月，游览天下胜迹。那日偶又游至维扬地方，闻得今年盐政点的是林如海。&lt;br /&gt;
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After giving official business,leaving the family his accumulated salary for several years and settled them in native home, he had given up high official positions and riches and travelled the famous historical sites everywhere.One day he arrived Weiyang（Yangzhou，Jiangsu Province，China）by accident and heared about the present salt administration officer was Lin Ruhai Salzinspektor.--[[User:Du Lina|Du Lina]] ([[User talk:Du Lina|talk]]) 04:23, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==付红岩 Fù Hóngyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081485==&lt;br /&gt;
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这林如海姓林名海，表字如海，乃是前科的探花，今已升兰台寺大夫，本贯姑苏人氏，今钦点为巡盐御史，到任未久。&lt;br /&gt;
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==付诗雨 Fù Shīyǔ 日语语言文学 女 202120081486==&lt;br /&gt;
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原来这林如海之祖，也曾袭过列侯的，今到如海，业经五世。起初只袭三世，因当今隆恩盛德，额外加恩，至如海之父又袭了一代，到了如海便从科第出身。&lt;br /&gt;
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In fact, the ancestors of Lin Ju-hai had, from years back, successively inherited the title of Marquis, which rank, by its present descent to Ju-hai, had already been enjoyed by five generations. When first conferred, the hereditary right to the title had been limited to three generations; but of late years, by an act of magnanimous favour and generous beneficence, extraordinary bounty had been superadded; and on the arrival of the succession to the father of Ju-hai, the right had been extended to another degree. It had now descended to Ju-hai, who had, besides this title of nobility, begun his career as a successful graduate. --[[User:Fu Shiyu|Fu Shiyu]] ([[User talk:Fu Shiyu|talk]]) 00:55, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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In fact, one of Lin Ju-hai's ancestors five generations earlier had been ennobled as a marquis. The title was originally limited to three generations, but through an act of magnanimous favour and generous beneficence of the Emperor, it had been extended to Lin Ju-hai’s father. Now Lin Ju-hai himself had been obliged to make his way up through the examination system.--[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 15:21, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==高蜜 Gāo Mì 翻译学 女 202120081487==&lt;br /&gt;
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虽系世禄之家，却是书香之族。只可惜这林家支庶不盛，人丁有限，虽有几门，却与如海俱是堂族，没甚亲支嫡派的。今如海年已五十，只有一个三岁之子，又于去岁亡了；&lt;br /&gt;
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It was not only a family of hereditary emoluments, but also of scholars. Unfortunately, the family was not prolific despite the fact that several branches existed. And Lin Ju-hai had cousins but no brothers or sisters. He was fifty already, and his only child had died last year at the age of three.--[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 14:53, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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It was not only a family of hereditary emoluments, but also of scholars. Unfortunately, the family was not prolific despite the fact that several branches existed. And Lin Ju-hai had cousins but no brothers or sisters. Now he was fifty years old, and had only a three-year-old son, who died last year.--[[User:Gong Boya|Gong Boya]] ([[User talk:Gong Boya|talk]]) 14:13, 10 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==宫博雅 Gōng Bóyǎ 俄语语言文学 女 202120081488==&lt;br /&gt;
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虽有几房姬妾，奈命中无子，亦无可如何之事。只嫡妻贾氏生得一女，乳名黛玉，年方五岁，夫妻爱之如掌上明珠。见他生得聪明俊秀，也欲使他识几个字，不过假充养子，聊解膝下荒凉之叹。&lt;br /&gt;
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Although he had several concubines, he was doomed to have no son (to inherit the family line). Only lady Jia, his legal wife, gave birth to a daughter, Mascara Jade Forest, aged five. The couple doted on their daughter like a pearl on the palm of their eyes. Lin Ruhai wanted to teach him to read, because he was smart and handsome, and Lin Ruhai wanted to ease the loneliness of not having a son by pretending to adopt him.--[[User:Gong Boya|Gong Boya]] ([[User talk:Gong Boya|talk]]) 05:55, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Although he had several concubines, he had no son in his life, and nothing could be done about it. The first wife, Min Merchant, had a daughter named Mascara Jade Forest, who was five years old and loved by the couple as a jewel. Seeing that she looked smart and beautiful, they also wanted to make her literate, but raised her as a son to relieve the sorrow of no son. --[[User:He Qin|He Qin]] ([[User talk:He Qin|talk]]) 13:44, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==何芩 Hé Qín 翻译学 女 202120081489==&lt;br /&gt;
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且说贾雨村在旅店偶感风寒，愈后又因盘费不继，正欲得一个居停之所，以为息肩之地。偶遇两个旧友，认得新盐政，知他正要请一西席教训女儿，遂将雨村荐进衙门去。&lt;br /&gt;
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The story goes that Rainvillage Merchant caught a cold at the inn and recovered. He wanted to get a place to stay but he could not afford the fee. He met two old friends who got acquainted the new official of salt (Ruhai Forest) and knew that Forest was about to hire a tutor for his daughter, so they recommended Rainvillage to the government office.--[[User:He Qin|He Qin]] ([[User talk:He Qin|talk]]) 13:57, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The story goes that Jia Yucun caught a cold occasionally at the inn, after recovering his money almost running out. He wanted to get a place to rest himself. He came across two old friends who acquainted with the new official of salt, knowing that he would hire a tutor for his daughter, so they recommended Jia Yucun to the government office.--[[User:Hu Shuqing|Hu Shuqing]] ([[User talk:Hu Shuqing|talk]]) 02:39, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==胡舒情 Hú Shūqíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081490==&lt;br /&gt;
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这女学生年纪幼小，身体又弱，功课不限多寡，其馀不过两个伴读丫鬟，故雨村十分省力，正好养病。看看又是一载有馀，不料女学生之母贾氏夫人一病而亡。&lt;br /&gt;
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The girl student was young and in poor health, the number of her assignments unnessesary with two servant girls, so Yucun needed less effort and could convalesce. Unexpectedly, the girl's mother, Ms.Jia died of illness after nearly a year.--[[User:Hu Shuqing|Hu Shuqing]] ([[User talk:Hu Shuqing|talk]]) 02:06, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄锦云 Huáng Jǐnyún 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081491==&lt;br /&gt;
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女学生奉侍汤药，守丧尽礼，过于哀痛，素本怯弱，因此旧病复发，有好些时不曾上学。雨村闲居无聊，每当风日晴和，饭后便出来闲步。这一日偶至郊外，意欲赏鉴那村野风光。&lt;br /&gt;
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The girl was dutiful in her attendance during her mother's sickness, and prepared the medicines. She went into the deepest mourning for her mother's death. Prescribed by the rites, she gave way to such excess of grief that, naturally delicate as she was, broke out anew. Being unable for a considerable time to prosecute her studies, Yue-ts'un lived at leisure and needn't to attend to. Whenever the wind was genial and the sun mild, he would stroll at random after meals.One day by some accident, walking beyond the suburbs he came up to a spot encircled by luxuriant clumps of trees and thick groves of bamboos.--[[User:Huang Jinyun|Huang Jinyun]] ([[User talk:Huang Jinyun|talk]]) 08:07, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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During her mother's sickness, the girl was dutiful in her attendance and prepared the medicines. She went into the deepest mourning for her mother's death. Prescribed by the rites, she gave way to such excess of grief that, naturally delicate as she was, broke out anew. Unable  to prosecute her studies for a considerable time, Yue-ts'un lived at leisure and needn't to attend to. Whenever the wind was genial and the sun mild, he would stroll at random after meals. One day by some accident, he walked to the countryside to enjoy the scenery.--[[User:Huang Yiyan1|Huang Yiyan1]] ([[User talk:Huang Yiyan1|talk]]) 15:12, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄逸妍 Huáng Yìyán 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081492==&lt;br /&gt;
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信步至一山环水漩、茂林修竹之处，隐隐有座庙宇，门巷倾颓，墙垣剥落。有额题曰“智通寺”，门旁又有一副旧破的对联云：身后有馀忘缩手，眼前无路想回头。&lt;br /&gt;
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He walked to a place with luxuriant woods and bamboo groves which is surrounded by hill and streams.And there was a temple half hidden among the foliage whose entrance was in ruins and walls were crumbling. There was an inscription above the gate: Zhi tong Temple. And flanking the gate was a couplet: Though plenty was left after death, one forgot to hold his hand back. Only at the end of the road does one think of turning on to the right back.--[[User:Huang Yiyan1|Huang Yiyan1]] ([[User talk:Huang Yiyan1|talk]]) 15:04, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Walking to a place surrounded by mountains, swirling water and lush forests and bamboos, there is a temple. The doors and alleys are falling and the walls are peeling off. There is a forehead titled &amp;quot;Zhitong Temple&amp;quot;, and there is an old broken couplet beside the door: I forgot to withdraw my hand behind me, and there is no way to turn back.--[[User:Zeng Junlin|Zeng Junlin]] ([[User talk:Zeng Junlin|talk]]) 02:02, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==曾俊霖 Zēng Jùnlín 国别 男 202120081478==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村看了，因想道：“这两句文虽甚浅，其意则深。也曾游过些名山大刹，倒不曾见过这话头。其中想必有个翻过筋斗来的，也未可知。&lt;br /&gt;
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Yucun looked at it and thought, &amp;quot;although these two sentences are very shallow, their meaning is deep. I've also visited some famous mountains and great temples, but I haven't seen this sentence. One of them must have somersaulted, and I don't know.&lt;br /&gt;
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Yucun looked at it and thought, &amp;quot;although these two sentences are very shallow, their meaning is deep. I've also visited some famous mountains and great temples, but I haven't seen this sentence. One of them must have somersaulted, and I don't know.--[[User:Huang Zhuliang|Huang Zhuliang]] ([[User talk:Huang Zhuliang|talk]]) 03:22, 6 December 2021 (UTC)Huang Zhuliang&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄柱梁 Huáng Zhùliáng 国别 男 202120081493==&lt;br /&gt;
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何不进去一访？”走入看时，只有一个龙锺老僧在那里煮粥。雨村见了，却不在意。及至问他两句话，那老僧既聋且昏，又齿落舌钝，所答非所问。雨村不耐烦，仍退出来。When Yu Cun walked in, there was only one old monk cooking porridge there. Yucun saw him, but he didn't care. When he asked him a few words, the old monk was deaf and faint, and his tongue was dull. His answer was not what he asked. Yucun was impatient and still withdrew.&lt;br /&gt;
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When Yu Cun walked in, there was only one old monk cooking porridge there. Yucun saw him, but he didn't care about him. When he asked him a few words, the old monk was deaf and faint, and his tongue was dull. His answer was not what he asked. Yucun was impatient and still withdrew.--[[User:Jin Xiaotong|Jin Xiaotong]] ([[User talk:Jin Xiaotong|talk]]) 13:33, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==金晓童 Jīn Xiǎotóng  202120081494==&lt;br /&gt;
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意欲到那村肆中沽饮三杯，以助野趣，于是移步行来。刚入肆门，只见座上吃酒之客，有一人起身大笑，接了出来，口内说：“奇遇，奇遇！”&lt;br /&gt;
He wanted to go to the village pub for a drink, for the pleasure of nature. So he went on his way. When He entered the pub, he could only see the drinking men in the seats. A man got up and laughed, and then came out, saying repeatedly“What a fortuitous meeting！”&lt;br /&gt;
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==邝艳丽 Kuàng Yànl 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081495==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村忙看时，此人是都中古董行中贸易，姓冷号子兴的，旧日在都相识。雨村最赞这冷子兴是个有作为大本领的人，这子兴又借雨村斯文之名，故二人最相投契。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李爱璇 Lǐ Àixuán 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081496==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村忙亦笑问：“老兄何日到此？弟竟不知。今日偶遇，真奇缘也！”子兴道：“去年岁底到家，今因还要入都，从此顺路找个敝友，说一句话。&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;When did you get here?&amp;quot; Yue-ts'un eagerly inquired also smilingly. &amp;quot;I wasn't aware of your arrival. This unexpected meeting is positively a strange piece of good fortune.&amp;quot; &amp;quot;I went home,&amp;quot; Tzu-hsing replied, &amp;quot;at the end of last year, but now as I return to the capital again, I passed through here on my way to look up a friend of mine and talk some matters over.--[[User:Li Aixuan|Li Aixuan]] ([[User talk:Li Aixuan|talk]]) 01:39, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;When did you get here?&amp;quot; Yue-ts'un eagerly and smilingly inquired. &amp;quot;I wasn't aware of your arrival. This unexpected meeting is a strange piece of good fortune.&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I went home,&amp;quot; Tzu-hsing replied, &amp;quot;about the close of last year, but now as I am again bound to the capital, I passed through here on my way to look up a friend and have a chat.--[[User:Li Ruiyang|Li Ruiyang]] ([[User talk:Li Ruiyang|talk]]) 14:20, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李瑞洋 Lǐ Ruìyáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081497==&lt;br /&gt;
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承他的情，留我多住两日。我也无甚紧事，且盘桓两日，待月半时也就起身了。今日敝友有事，我因闲走到此，不期这样巧遇。”一面说，一面让雨村同席坐了，另整上酒肴来。&lt;br /&gt;
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He had the kindness to press me to stay with him for a couple of days longer. As I also have no urgent business to attend to, I am tarrying a few days, but purpose starting about the middle of the moon. My friend is busy today, so I roamed listlessly as far as here, never expecting of such a fortunate meeting.&amp;quot; While speaking, he invited Yue-ts'un to sit down at the same table, and ordered a fresh supply of wine and eatables. --[[User:Li Ruiyang|Li Ruiyang]] ([[User talk:Li Ruiyang|talk]]) 14:21, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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“He was so kind that he asked me to stay for another couple of days. As I had no other urgencies to attend to, I stayed as he expected. When we chatted til the moon was high above the sky, I got up and left alone. My friend is busy today, so I roamed listlessly as far as here, never expecting such an encounter.&amp;quot; While speaking, he invited Yue-ts'un to sit down with him, and ordered a fresh supply of wine and dishes.--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 07:52, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李姗 Lǐ Shān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081498==&lt;br /&gt;
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二人闲谈慢饮，叙些别后之事。雨村因问：“近日都中可有新闻没有？”子兴道：“倒没有什么新闻，倒是老先生的贵同宗家出了一件小小的异事。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Over drinking, they two talked about some plans of the near future after the farewell. Then Yucun asked: Is there anything new in the capital city? Zixing answered，“Nothing new. But in your dignified remote relative's house there is indeed a strange thing.”--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 14:49, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李双 Lǐ Shuāng 翻译学 女 202120081499==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村笑道：“弟族中无人在都，何谈及此？”子兴笑道：“你们同姓，岂非一族？”雨村问：“是谁家？”子兴笑道：“荣国贾府中，可也不玷辱老先生的门楣了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==李文璇 Lǐ Wénxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081500==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村道：“原来是他家。若论起来，寒族人丁却自不少，东汉贾复以来，支派繁盛，各省皆有，谁能逐细考查？若论荣国一支，却是同谱。但他那等荣耀，我们不便去认他，故越发生疏了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Yucun said: &amp;quot;It's his house. If discussed explicitly, the people of Han's family were of great quantity since the Eastern Han Dynasty of Jiafu. Their branches were numerous in each province, who can examine one by one? If only discussed the branch of Rongguo, they were the same. But the Rongguo were glorious, it was inconvenient for us to make a connection with them, so we were getting more and more unfamiliar. --[[User:Li Wenxuan|Li Wenxuan]] ([[User talk:Li Wenxuan|talk]]) 08:22, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
Yucun said: &amp;quot;It turned out to be his family. If you talk about it, there are many Han people. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, the tribe has been prosperous and there are all provinces. Who can examine it carefully? . But he is so glorious, it is inconvenient for us to recognize him, so we have become more and more estranged.&amp;quot;--[[User:Li Wen|Li Wen]] ([[User talk:Li Wen|talk]]) 10:02, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李雯 Lǐ Wén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081501==&lt;br /&gt;
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子兴叹道：“老先生休这样说。如今的这荣、宁两府，也都萧索了，不比先时的光景。”雨村道：“当日宁、荣两宅人口也极多，如何便萧索了呢？”子兴道：“正是，说来也话长。”&lt;br /&gt;
Zi Xing sighed, &amp;quot;Old Mr. Xiu said this. The Rong and Ning residences are now depressed, not as good as the previous conditions.&amp;quot; Yucun said: &amp;quot;The Ning and Rong residences had a large population that day. Is it done?&amp;quot; Zi Xing said: &amp;quot;Exactly, it's a long story.&amp;quot;--[[User:Li Wen|Li Wen]] ([[User talk:Li Wen|talk]]) 10:01, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
The son sighed: &amp;quot;This is what old Hugh said. The provinces of Rong and Ning are now deserted, not as they were in the past.&amp;quot; Rain village way: &amp;quot;that day ning, rong two house population is also very much, how then deserted?&amp;quot; Zi Xing said, &amp;quot;Exactly. It's a long story.&amp;quot;--[[User:Li Xinxing|Li Xinxing]] ([[User talk:Li Xinxing|talk]]) 14:33, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李新星 Lǐ Xīnxīng 亚非语言文学 女 202120081503==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村道：“去岁我到金陵时，因欲游览六朝遗迹，那日进了石头城，从他宅门前经过：街东是宁国府，街西是荣国府，二宅相连，竟将大半条街占了。&lt;br /&gt;
Yu Village road: &amp;quot;Last year when I went to Jinling, because I wanted to visit the ruins of the Six Dynasties, that day into the Stone city, from the front of his house through: street east is Ning Guo Fu, street west is Rong Guo Fu, two houses connected, unexpectedly occupied half of the street.--[[User:Li Xinxing|Li Xinxing]] ([[User talk:Li Xinxing|talk]]) 14:32, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Yucun said, &amp;quot;when I came to Jinling last year, I wanted to visit the ruins of the Six Dynasties. On that day, I entered the stone city and passed in front of his house: Ningguo house is in the east of the street, Rongguo house is in the west, and the two houses are connected, occupying more than half of the street.--[[User:Li Yi|Li Yi]] ([[User talk:Li Yi|talk]]) 14:35, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李怡 Lǐ Yí 法语语言文学 女 202120081504==&lt;br /&gt;
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大门外虽冷落无人，隔着围墙一望，里面厅殿楼阁，也还都峥嵘轩峻；就是后边一带花园里，树木山石，也都还有葱蔚洇润之气：那里像个衰败之家？”&lt;br /&gt;
Although deserted outside the gate, across the wall to see the hall hall pavilions, are also lofty xuan Jun; Even in the garden at the back, the trees and rocks were all luxuriant: it did not look at all like a run-down house--[[User:Li Yi|Li Yi]] ([[User talk:Li Yi|talk]]) 01:57, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Although deserted outside the gate, the hall and pavilions were also lofty and grand seen across the wall.Even in the garden at the back, the trees and rocks were all luxuriant: how did it look like a run-down house?--[[User:Liu Peiting|Liu Peiting]] ([[User talk:Liu Peiting|talk]]) 14:14, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘沛婷 Liú Pèitíng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081505==&lt;br /&gt;
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子兴笑道：“亏你是进士出身，原来不通。古人有言：‘百足之虫，死而不僵。’如今虽说不似先年那样兴盛，较之平常仕宦人家，到底气象不同。&lt;br /&gt;
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Zi Xing laughed and said, &amp;quot;You are a scholar but know nothing about its cause. There is an ancient saying: ‘old institutions die hard'. Now, though not as prosperous as in previous years, the atmosphere is different from that of ordinary officials.--[[User:Liu Peiting|Liu Peiting]] ([[User talk:Liu Peiting|talk]]) 14:09, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Zi Xing chuckled, &amp;quot;You are a scholar but know nothing about its cause. As a old saying goes, ‘old institutions die hard’. Now, though not as prosperous as before, the splendor is different from that of ordinary officials.--[[User:Liu Shengnan|Liu Shengnan]] ([[User talk:Liu Shengnan|talk]]) 10:51, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘胜楠 Liú Shèngnán 翻译学 女 202120081506==&lt;br /&gt;
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如今生齿日繁，事务日盛，主仆上下都是安富尊荣，运筹谋画的竟无一个；那日用排场，又不能将就省俭。如今外面的架子虽没很倒，内囊却也尽上来了。这也是小事。&lt;br /&gt;
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Their family members are growing, their commitments are increasing, and both masters and servants are used to lavishly controlling it. However no one thinks of the future. They squander money every day and can't save at all. On the surface, they look as noble as before, but their wallets are almost empty. However, this is not their biggest trouble.--[[User:Liu Shengnan|Liu Shengnan]] ([[User talk:Liu Shengnan|talk]]) 10:46, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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In Jia Mansion, there are many people to bring up, and household duties are getting more and more day by day. Masters and servants, from top to bottom, enjoy glory and wealth but no one to plan. They squander money every day and can't save at all. Although they still extravagant on the surface as ever, their wallets are almost empty. and this is not counted the biggest trouble.     --[[User:Liu Wei|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei|talk]]) 12:47, 8 December 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘薇 Liú Wēi 国别 女 202120081507==&lt;br /&gt;
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更有一件大事：谁知这样钟鸣鼎食的人家儿，如今养的儿孙，竟一代不如一代了。”雨村听说，也道：“这样诗礼之家，岂有不善教育之理？别门不知，只说这宁、荣两宅，是最教子有方的，何至如此？”&lt;br /&gt;
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There is one more important event: Who knows that the children of such a luxurious family, the children and grandchildren are not as good as previous generations.&amp;quot; When Yucun heard about it, he also said: &amp;quot;Is there any reason for such a family who always study and pay attention to ethics for generations is bad at education? Although I don't know the situation of other families, it is said that Ning and Rong are the most skillful in teaching children. How did they get to such a situation ? &amp;quot;     --[[User:Liu Wei|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei|talk]]) 15:37, 7 December 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei&lt;br /&gt;
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That's not the worst thing. Who will know that the children of such a noble clan can be inferior to the last.&amp;quot; Hearing about that, Yucun replied:&amp;quot;a family so cultures and versed in etiquette doesn't know the importance of education? Although I don't know other families, I've always heard that these two houses take great efforts to educate their children. How did they fall to such a situation?&amp;quot;--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 12:45, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘晓 Liú Xiǎo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081508==&lt;br /&gt;
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子兴叹道：“正说的是这两门呢！等我告诉你：当日宁国公是一母同胞弟兄两个。宁公居长，生了两个儿子。宁公死后，长子贾代化袭了官，也养了两个儿子：长子贾敷，八九岁上死了；&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;It's these two houses I'm talking about!&amp;quot; Zixing signed, &amp;quot;Just let me tell you: the Duke of Ningguo and the Duke of Rongguo were brothers by the same mother. The Duke of Ningguo, the elder, had two sons, and after his death, his oldest son, Jia daihua, succeeded the title. The elder one of his two sons, Jia Fu, died at the age of eight or nine.--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 05:14, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Zi Xing sighed, &amp;quot;I was about to say something about these two families! Let me tell you: the Duke of Rongguo, as he is now called, had two brothers from the same mother. Lord Ning was the eldest brother and had two sons，and after his death, his oldest son, Jia daihua, succeeded the title. The elder one of his two sons, Jia Fu, died at the age of eight or nine.--[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 08:32, 10 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘越 Liú Yuè 亚非语言文学 女 202120081509==&lt;br /&gt;
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只剩了一个次子贾敬，袭了官，如今一味好道，只爱烧丹炼汞，别事一概不管。幸而早年留下一个儿子，名唤贾珍，因他父亲一心想作神仙，把官倒让他袭了。&lt;br /&gt;
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Only his second son, Jia Jing, succeeded him as the official. Now he devoted himself only to Taoism and alchemy, and did nothing else. Fortunately, in his early years, he had left a son named Jia Zhen, for his father had set his heart on becoming a fairy, so he succeeded to the official.  --[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 07:30, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Only his second son, Jia Jing, survived and succeeded to his position. Now Jia Jing devotes himself entirely to Taoism and alchemy, and does nothing else. Fortunately, in Jia Jing’s early years, he had left a son named Jia Zhen. For his father has set his heart on becoming immortal, Jia Zhen succeeded to the position. --[[User:Liu Yunxin|Liu Yunxin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yunxin|talk]]) 08:36, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘运心 Liú Yùnxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081510==&lt;br /&gt;
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他父亲又不肯住在家里，只在都中城外，和那些道士们胡羼。这位珍爷也生了一个儿子，今年才十六岁，名叫贾蓉。如今敬老爷不管事了。&lt;br /&gt;
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His father refused to stay at home, but rather preferred to fool around with those Taoist priests. This Master Zhen also has a son called Jia Rong, who’s only 16 years old. Nowadays Lord Jing is no longer in charge. --[[User:Liu Yunxin|Liu Yunxin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yunxin|talk]]) 08:27, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗安怡 Luó Ānyí 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081511==&lt;br /&gt;
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这珍爷那里干正事，只一味高乐不了，把那宁国府竟翻过来了，也没有敢来管他的人。再说荣府你听，方才所说异事就出在这里。&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗曦 Luó Xī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081512==&lt;br /&gt;
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自荣公死后，长子贾代善袭了官，娶的是金陵世家史侯的小姐为妻。生了两个儿子：长名贾赦，次名贾政。如今代善早已去世，太夫人尚在。&lt;br /&gt;
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Since the death of Rong Gong, the elder son Jia Daishan inherited the official title and get merried with the daughter of an aristocratic family in Jinling. They have two sons: the elder son is called Jia She, the second son is called Jia Zheng. Now Jia Daishan has already passed away with his wife still alive. --[[User:Luo Xi|Luo Xi]] ([[User talk:Luo Xi|talk]]) 03:06, 9 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Since the death of Lord Rong（Jia Yuan), the elder son Jia Daishan inherited the official title and married Shi Hou’s daughter from an aristocratic family in Jinling  as his wife. They had two children: the elder son named Jia She, and the second named Jia Zheng. Today Daishan has long passed away, and his wife is still alive.--[[User:Ma Xin|Ma Xin]] ([[User talk:Ma Xin|talk]]) 02:02, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==马新 Mǎ Xīn 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081513==&lt;br /&gt;
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长子贾赦袭了官，为人却也中平，也不管理家事。惟有次子贾政，自幼酷喜读书，为人端方正直。祖父锺爱，原要他从科甲出身。&lt;br /&gt;
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The eldest son, Jia She, inherited the official position from his ancestors but  he was not top-notch and did not manage the family affairs as well. Only his second son, Jia Zheng, loved to read since childhood and was a man of upright. His grandfather (Jia Yuan) like him the most and originally planed to let him take the imperial examination before becoming an official.--[[User:Ma Xin|Ma Xin]] ([[User talk:Ma Xin|talk]]) 08:02, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Their elder son Jia She inherited the official title; he was moderate and often remained neutral, and did not manage the family affairs. Only the younger son, Jia Zheng, was fond of studying as a child and was a man of upright so that he was his grandfather’s (Jia Yuan) favorite, and he hoped to make a career for himself through the imperial examinations. --[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 09:05, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛雅文 Máo Yǎwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081514==&lt;br /&gt;
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不料代善临终遗本一上，皇上怜念先臣，即叫长子袭了官；又问还有几个儿子，立刻引见，又将这政老爷赐了个额外主事职衔，叫他入部习学，如今现已升了员外郎。&lt;br /&gt;
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Unexpectedly, when Jia Daishan died, he left a valedictory memorial, and the Emperor, out of memory and regard for his former minister, not only conferred the official title on his elder son but also asked what other sons there were and ordered them to be introduced to the palace immediately. The Emperor also bestowed the rank of Assistant Secretary on Jia Zheng, and as an additional favor gave him instructions to familiarize himself with affairs in one of the ministries. He has now risen to the rank of Under-Secretary. --[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 08:40, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Unexpectedly, when Jia Daishan died, he left a valedictory memorial, and the Emperor, out of memory and regard for his former minister, not only conferred the official title on his elder son but also asked what other sons he had and ordered his sons to be introduced to the palace immediately. The Emperor also bestowed the rank of Assistant Secretary on Jia Zheng, and as an additional favor gave him instructions to familiarize himself with affairs in one of the ministries. He has now risen to the rank of Under-Secretary.--[[User:Mao You|Mao You]] ([[User talk:Mao You|talk]]) 08:53, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛优 Máo Yōu 俄语语言文学 女 202120081515==&lt;br /&gt;
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这政老爷的夫人王氏，头胎生的公子名叫贾珠，十四岁进学，后来娶了妻，生了子，不到二十岁，一病就死了。第二胎生了一位小姐，生在大年初一，就奇了。&lt;br /&gt;
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Mrs. Wang --- the wife of Lord Zheng. Their first child was a son named Jia Zhu, who entered school at the age of fourteen, then married and gave birth to a son, who died of an illness before the age of twenty. The second child was a young girl, born on the first day of the year. It was very surprising.--[[User:Mao You|Mao You]] ([[User talk:Mao You|talk]]) 08:45, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Mrs. Wang --- the wife of Lord Zheng give birth to her first child a boy named Jia Zhu, who entered school at the age of fourteen, then married and got  a son. But Jia Zhu died of an illness before the age of twenty. The couple’s second child was a girl born on the first day of the year, which was surprising.--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 06:32, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==牟一心 Móu Yīxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081516==&lt;br /&gt;
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不想隔了十几年，又生了一位公子，说来更奇：一落胞胎，嘴里便衔下一块五彩晶莹的玉来，还有许多字迹。你道是新闻不是？”&lt;br /&gt;
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Surprisingly, Mrs Wang gave birth to a boy after more than ten years and it is even strange that the boy was born with a piece of colorful and sparkling crystal with handwritings in his mouth. Isn’t it news?--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 06:25, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Surprisingly, after an interval of more than ten years, Mrs Wang gave birth to another male child, and even more miraculously, the boy was born with a piece of colorful and sparkling crystal with handwritings in his mouth. Isn’t it news?--[[User:Peng Ruixue|Peng Ruixue]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruixue|talk]]) 09:22, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==彭瑞雪 Péng Ruìxuě 法语语言文学 女 202120081517==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村笑道：“果然奇异。只怕这人的来历不小。”子兴冷笑道：“万人都这样说，因而他祖母爱如珍宝。那年周岁时，政老爷试他将来的志向，便将世上所有的东西摆了无数叫他抓。&lt;br /&gt;
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Yu Cun laughed, &amp;quot;It's really strange. I'm afraid this man has a lot of history.&amp;quot; Zi Xing laughed coldly and said, &amp;quot;Everyone says so, so his grandmother loves him like a treasure. That year, when he was one year old, Mr. Zheng tested his future aspirations, so he laid out countless things in the world for him to grab.--[[User:Peng Ruixue|Peng Ruixue]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruixue|talk]]) 09:17, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Yu Cun laughed, &amp;quot;It's really strange. I'm afraid this man has a lot of fame&amp;quot; Zi Xing laughed ruthlessly and said, &amp;quot;Everyone says like this, so his grandmother loves him like a treasure. When Jia Baoyu was one year old, Mr. Zheng wanted to test his future aspirations, so he laid out countless things in the world for him to grab.--[[User:Qing Jianan|Qing Jianan]] ([[User talk:Qing Jianan|talk]]) 09:46, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==秦建安 Qín Jiànān 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081518==&lt;br /&gt;
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谁知他一概不取，伸手只把些脂粉钗环抓来玩弄。那政老爷便不喜欢，说将来不过酒色之徒，因此不甚爱惜。独那太君还是命根子一般。说&lt;br /&gt;
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But he didn't catch anything, only reach his hand for some powder,hairpin and ring to play. Mr.Zheng was not satisfied with his action,and thought him as a gambler in the future.Therefore, Mr,Zheng didn't show his preference toward Jia Baoyu,but that old women still regarded him as her treature,and said:--[[User:Qing Jianan|Qing Jianan]] ([[User talk:Qing Jianan|talk]]) 10:01, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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However, he did not take any of them, but only reached his hands out for some powders, hairpins and rings to play with. That action did not please  sir Zheng at all, what’s more, sir Zheng said he would be only a voluptuary in the future. Therefore, sir Zheng did not particularly cherish Baoyu, however, lady dowager still loved him as if he was the most preciou treasure.--[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 05:28, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邱婷婷 Qiū Tíngtíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081519==&lt;br /&gt;
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说来又奇：如今长了十来岁，虽然淘气异常，但聪明乖觉，百个不及他一个。说起孩子话来也奇，他说：‘女儿是水做的骨肉，男子是泥做的骨肉。我见了女儿便清爽，见了男子便觉浊臭逼人。’&lt;br /&gt;
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Strange to say: now he is ten years old, abnormally naughty , but smart and clever, even better than one hundred other children of his age. What he says is also very odd. Once he said, ‘Girls are made of water, men of mud. He will feel debonaire when  he see girls, but when he see men, what he can feel is only squalidness.’--[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 02:34, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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It's strange to notice that now he is ten years more older, abnormally naughty , but smart and clever, even better than one hundred other children of his age. What he says is also very odd. Once he said, &amp;quot;Girls are made of water, men of mud. I qwill feel debonaire when I see girls, but when I see men, what I can feel is only squalidness.&amp;quot;--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 13:18, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==饶金盈 Ráo Jīnyíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081520==&lt;br /&gt;
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你道好笑不好笑？将来色鬼无疑了。”雨村罕然厉色道：“非也。可惜你们不知道这人的来历，大约政老前辈也错以淫魔色鬼看待了。&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;Don't you think it's ridiculous? He or she will be a lecher in the future undoubtedly.&amp;quot; Jia Yucun said with a serious look: &amp;quot;Not true. Unfortunately, you do not know the identity of this person, may be the old senior Jia Zheng may also wrongly regard him or her as a lewd.&amp;quot;--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 13:14, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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“Have you realized the facetiosity of it? He or she will be beyond all doubt a lecher.” Yucun said with stern countenance: “ it is absolutely not the truth. It is a pity that you are insensible of the background of this person and the senior Zheng may also mistakenly regarded him or her as a lewd demon”.--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 00:59, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==石丽青 Shí Lìqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081521==&lt;br /&gt;
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若非多读书识事，加以致知格物之功、悟道参玄之力者，不能知也。”子兴见他说得这样重大，忙请教其故。雨村道：“天地生人，除大仁大恶，馀者皆无大异。&lt;br /&gt;
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If someone was not well-read, knowledge-inquiring and truth-enlightening, he or she would be ignorant of it. Zixing believed that Yucun took it so seriously that he was bursting with impatience to make clear the reasons within it. Yucun asserted: “the universe gives birth to mankind that boasts no differences except the benevolent and the evil.--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 00:36, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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If someone was not well-read, knowledge-inquired and truth-enlightened, he or she would be ignorant.After seeing that Yucun took it so seriously, Zixing couldn't wait to ask him the reasons.Yucun asserted: “The universe gives birth to mankind that boasts no differences except the benevolent and the evil.&amp;quot;--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 09:24, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==孙雅诗 Sūn Yǎshī 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081522==&lt;br /&gt;
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若大仁者则应运而生，大恶者则应劫而生；运生世治，劫生世危。尧、舜、禹、汤、文、武、周、召、孔、孟、董、韩、周、程、朱、张，皆应运而生者；&lt;br /&gt;
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The great benevolence was born in the time of good fortune,the great evil was born in the time of bad fortune. The former was benefit to the world,the latter was harmful to the world.Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu, Zhou, Zhao, Kong, Meng, Dong, Han, Zhou, Cheng, Zhu, Zhang, were all born at the historic moment of good fortune；--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 09:20, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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If the great benevolence emerged as the times demanded, the great evil was born emerged as the calamity demanded. The former was beneficial to the world, while the latter was harmful to the world. Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu, Zhou, Zhao, Kong, Meng, Dong, Han, Zhou, Cheng, Zhu, Zhang, all born emerged as the times demanded.--[[User:Wang Lifei|Wang Lifei]] ([[User talk:Wang Lifei|talk]]) 12:57, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王李菲 Wáng Lǐfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081523==&lt;br /&gt;
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蚩尤、共工、桀、纣、始皇、王莽、曹操、桓温、安禄山、秦桧等，皆应劫而生者。大仁者修治天下，大恶者扰乱天下。清明灵秀，天地之正气，仁者之所秉也；残忍乖僻，天地之邪气，恶者之所秉也。&lt;br /&gt;
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Chiyou, Gonggong, Jie, Zhou, Shi Huang, Wang Mang, Cao Cao, Huan Wen, An Lushan, and Qin Hui all emerged as the calamity demanded. Great benevolence governs the world, great evil disturbs the world. Be sober-minded and full of ingenuity, absorbing the righteousness of heaven and earth are the characteristics of merciful men; on the contrary, be cruel and eccentric, absorbing the evil of heaven and earth, are the characteristics of wicked men.--[[User:Wang Lifei|Wang Lifei]] ([[User talk:Wang Lifei|talk]]) 12:41, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Chi You, Gong Gong, Jie, Zhou, Shi Huang, Wang Mang, Cao Cao, Huan Wen, An Lushan and Qin Hui were all born in response to the tribulation. Those who are benevolent cultivate and rule the world, while those who are evil disturb the world. The clear, bright, spiritual and beautiful, the righteousness of heaven and earth, is held by the benevolent; the cruel and perverse, the evil of heaven and earth, is held by the evil.--[[User:Wang Yifan21|Wang Yifan21]] ([[User talk:Wang Yifan21|talk]]) 06:46, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王逸凡 Wáng Yìfán 亚非语言文学 女 202120081524==&lt;br /&gt;
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今当祚永运隆之日，太平无为之世，清明灵秀之气所秉者，上自朝廷，下至草野，比比皆是。所馀之秀气漫无所归，遂为甘露，为和风，洽然溉及四海。&lt;br /&gt;
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In this day of eternal prosperity and peace and inaction, there are many people from the imperial court to the grasses who have been blessed with a clear, bright and spiritual spirit. The remainder of the spirit has no place to return to, so it has become a sweet dew and a harmonious breeze, which has irrigated the four seas.--[[User:Wang Yifan21|Wang Yifan21]] ([[User talk:Wang Yifan21|talk]]) 13:40, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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In this day of eternal prosperity and peace and inaction, people from the imperial court to the grasses who have been blessed with a clear, bright and spiritual spirit are numberless. The remainder of the spirit has no place to return to, so it has become a sweet dew and a harmonious breeze, which has irrigated the four seas.--[[User:Wang Zhenlong|Wang Zhenlong]] ([[User talk:Wang Zhenlong|talk]]) 06:58, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王镇隆 Wáng Zhènlóng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 男 202120081525==&lt;br /&gt;
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彼残忍乖邪之气，不能荡溢于光天化日之下，遂凝结充塞于深沟大壑之中。偶因风荡，或被云摧，略有摇动感发之意，一丝半缕误而逸出者，值灵秀之气适过，正不容邪，邪复妒正，两不相下；&lt;br /&gt;
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His cruel and evil spirit could not overflow in broad daylight, so it condensed and filled deep ditches and gullies. Occasionally, due to the wind, or being destroyed by clouds, it feels slightly shaken, and a trace of half a wisp of error escapes. It is worthy of the beautiful Qi. If it is suitable, right should not be evil, evil should be jealous of right, and the two are not the same;--[[User:Wang Zhenlong|Wang Zhenlong]] ([[User talk:Wang Zhenlong|talk]]) 06:56, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==卫怡雯 Wèi Yíwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081526==&lt;br /&gt;
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如风水雷电地中既遇，既不能消，又不能让，必致搏击掀发。既然发泄，那邪气亦必赋之于人。假使或男或女偶秉此气而生者，上则不能为仁人为君子，下亦不能为大凶大恶。&lt;br /&gt;
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Like the wind, water, thunder, lightning meeting each other on the ground, they can neither disappear nor yield, and must fight against and turn over each other. Once it lets off, people will be endowed with evil influence. If men and women were both born on this air by accident, they cannot be up to benevolent gentlemen or down to villains.--[[User:Wei Yiwen|Wei Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Wei Yiwen|talk]]) 12:59, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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If wind, water, thunder, lightning meet each other on the ground, they can neither disappear nor yield, and must fight against and turn over each other. Once the evil air is let off, people will be endowed with it. If men or women are born with this air by accident, they cannot be up to benevolent gentlemen or down to extremely vicious villains.&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏楚璇 Wèi Chǔxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081527==&lt;br /&gt;
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置之千万人之中，其聪俊灵秀之气，则在千万人之上；其乖僻邪谬不近人情之态，又在千万人之下。若生于公侯富贵之家，则为情痴情种；若生于诗书清贫之族，则为逸士高人；纵然生于薄祚寒门，甚至为奇优，为名娼，亦断不至为走卒健仆，甘遭庸夫驱制。&lt;br /&gt;
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This kind of persons are usually outstanding. Their intelligence and beauty are above thousands of people. And their crankiness and indifference are below them. If they are born in a wealthy royal family, they will be persons of constant love. If they are born in a poor family of intellectual, they will become hermits with extraordinary wisdom. Even though if they are unfortunately born in a humble family, men will be excellent actors and women will be famous prostitutes rather than being  servants who have to be used by ordinary people.&lt;br /&gt;
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This kind of people are usually prominent. Their intelligence and beauty are above millions of people. But their crankiness and indifference are below them. If they are born in a wealthy royal family, they will be people with constant love. If they are born in a poor family of intellectual, they will become hermits with extraordinary wisdom. Even though if they are unfortunately born in a humble family, men will be excellent actors and women will be famous prostitutes rather than being  servants who have to be controlled by ordinary people.--[[User:Wei Zhaoyan|Wei Zhaoyan]] ([[User talk:Wei Zhaoyan|talk]]) 04:15, 9 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏兆妍 Wèi Zhàoyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081528==&lt;br /&gt;
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如前之许由、陶潜、阮籍、嵇康、刘伶、王谢二族、顾虎头、陈后主、唐明皇、宋徽宗、刘庭芝、温飞卿、米南宫、石曼卿、柳耆卿、秦少游，近日倪云林、唐伯虎、祝枝山，再如李龟年、黄幡绰、敬新磨、卓文君、红拂、薛涛、崔莺、朝云之流：此皆易地则同之人也。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Such as the previous generation Xuyou, Taoqian, Ruanji, Jikang, Liuling, the Wang and Xie families, Gu Kaizhi, Chen Shubao, emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty, Liu Tingzhi, Wen Feiqing, Mi Nangong, Shi Manqing, Liu Qiqing, Qin Shaoyou, and the current generation Ni Yunlin, Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, or the generation like Li Guinian, Huang Fanchuo, Jing Xinmo, Zhuo Wenjun, Hongfu, Xuetao, Cuiying, Zhaoyun: they are the kind of people born when the rectitude and the evil spirits fight each other. This kind of people has both the rectitude and the evil spirits.--[[User:Wei Zhaoyan|Wei Zhaoyan]] ([[User talk:Wei Zhaoyan|talk]]) 11:37, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Like the previous generation: Xuyou, Taoqian, Ruanji, Jikang, Liuling, the Wang and Xie families, Gu Kaizhi, Chen Shubao, emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty, Liu Tingzhi, Wen Feiqing, Mi Nangong, Shi Manqing, Liu Qiqing, Qin Shaoyou, and the current generation Ni Yunlin, Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, or the generation like Li Guinian, Huang Fanchuo, Jing Xinmo, Zhuo Wenjun, Hongfu, Xuetao, Cuiying, Zhaoyun. Though this kind of people didn’t live in the same period of time, didn’t have the same experience, they had the same ambition.--[[User:Wu Jingyue|Wu Jingyue]] ([[User talk:Wu Jingyue|talk]]) 13:58, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴婧悦 Wú Jìngyuè 俄语语言文学 女 202120081529==&lt;br /&gt;
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子兴道：“依你说，成则公侯败则贼了？”雨村道：“正是这意。你还不知，我自革职以来，这两年遍游各省，也曾遇见两个异样孩子，所以方才你一说这宝玉，我就猜着了八九也是这一派人物。&lt;br /&gt;
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Zixing said: “ As you said, the winner will be the duke, and the loser will be the traitor?” Yucun said: “ This is what I was talking about. You didn’t know, that since I was removed from the position, I traveled around all the provinces, and also met some unusual boys, so when you just talked about Baoyu, I guessed that he was such a boy, too.--[[User:Wu Jingyue|Wu Jingyue]] ([[User talk:Wu Jingyue|talk]]) 13:52, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
Zixing said, &amp;quot;according to you, if you become a duke, if you lose, you will become a thief.&amp;quot; Yucun said, &amp;quot;that's exactly what you mean. You don't know that I have traveled all over the provinces in the past two years since I was dismissed. I have met two different children, so I guessed that 89 is also a figure of this school.&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴映红 Wú Yìnghóng 日语语言文学 女 202120081530==&lt;br /&gt;
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不用远说，只这金陵城内钦差金陵省体仁院总裁甄家，你可知道？”子兴道：“谁人不知，这甄府就是贾府老亲，他们两家来往极亲热的。就是我也和他家往来非止一日了。”&lt;br /&gt;
Needless to say, it's only Zhen Jia, President of Jinling Provincial Institute of physical benevolence, who is an imperial envoy in Jinling City. Do you know? &amp;quot; Zixing said, &amp;quot;no one knows that Zhen's house is the old relative of Jia's house. Their two families are very friendly. Even I have been with him for a long time.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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==肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村笑道：“去岁我在金陵，也曾有人荐我到甄府处馆。我进去看其光景，谁知他家那等荣贵，却是个富而好礼之家，倒是个难得之馆。但是这个学生虽是启蒙，却比一个举业的还劳神。&lt;br /&gt;
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Yu Cun smiled and said:”When I was in Jinling last year, someone recommended me to teach at Zhenfu. After I went there, I realized that his family is so prosperous and rich, but they also advocate etiquette, which is very rare. Although this student is a beginner, he is more serious than the examinee who wants to take the scientific examination.”--[[User:Xiao Yiyao|Xiao Yiyao]] ([[User talk:Xiao Yiyao|talk]]) 06:45, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Yu Cun smiled and said:”When I was in Jinling last year, someone recommended me to teach at Zhen Mansion. After I went there, I realized that his family is so prosperous and rich, but they also advocate etiquette, which is very rare. Although this student is a beginner, he is more serious than the examinee who wants to take the imperial examination.”--[[User:Xie Jiafen|Xie Jiafen]] ([[User talk:Xie Jiafen|talk]]) 07:15, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532==&lt;br /&gt;
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说起来更可笑，他说：‘必得两个女儿陪着我读书，我方能认得字，心上也明白；不然，我心里自己糊涂。’又常对着跟他的小厮们说：‘这“女儿”两个字极尊贵极清净的，比那瑞兽珍禽、奇花异草更觉稀罕尊贵呢。&lt;br /&gt;
Even it is more ridiculous when he said: &amp;quot;I must have two daughters to accompany me to study, so that I can recognize words and understand them in my heart; Otherwise, I will be confused. &amp;quot; He often said to his pageboys: &amp;quot;the word&amp;quot; daughter &amp;quot;is very noble and pure, which is more rare and noble than the auspicious animals, rare birds and exotic flowers and plants.&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢庆琳 Xiè Qìnglín 俄语语言文学 女 202120081533==&lt;br /&gt;
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你们这种浊口臭舌，万万不可唐突了这两个字，要紧，要紧！但凡要说的时节，必用净水香茶漱了口方可；设若失错，便要凿牙穿眼的。’其暴虐顽劣，种种异常。&lt;br /&gt;
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==熊敏 Xióng Mǐn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081534==&lt;br /&gt;
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只放了学进去，见了那些女儿们，其温厚和平，聪敏文雅，竟变了一个样子。因此，他令尊也曾下死笞楚过几次，竟不能改。每打的吃疼不过时，他便姐姐妹妹的乱叫起来。&lt;br /&gt;
After class, he saw those daughters, who were gentle, tranquil and clever looking different. Therefore, his father was also beaten for several times. Everytime he was beaten to death, he screamed sisters' names.&lt;br /&gt;
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==徐敏赟 Xú Mǐnyūn 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 男 202120081535==&lt;br /&gt;
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后来听得里面女儿们拿他取笑：‘因何打急了，只管叫姐妹作什么？莫不叫姐妹们去讨情讨饶？你岂不愧些？’他回答的最妙，他说：‘急痛之时，只叫姐姐妹妹字样，或可解疼，也未可知，因叫了一声，果觉疼得好些。&lt;br /&gt;
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Then he heard his daughters make fun of him: ‘Why do you call a sister when you are in pain? Why not let them beg for forgiveness? Aren't you ashamed?’ He answered it best, saying, ‘In a time of acute pain, if I call the sister's names, which may relieve the pain or not. However, I do felt the pain lessened a little when I called their names'.--[[User:Xu Minyun|Xu Minyun]] ([[User talk:Xu Minyun|talk]]) 13:45, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Then he heard his daughters make fun of him: &amp;quot;Why do you call sisters when you are in pain? Do you want to let them beg for forgiveness? Aren't you ashamed?&amp;quot; He answered it best, saying, &amp;quot;In a time of acute pain, if I call the sisters, which may relieve the pain or not. However, I do felt the pain lessened a little when I called them&amp;quot;.--[[User:Yan Jing|Yan Jing]] ([[User talk:Yan Jing|talk]]) 00:34, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜静 Yán Jìng 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 女 202120081536==&lt;br /&gt;
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遂得了秘法，每疼痛之极，便连叫姐妹起来了。’你说可笑不可笑？为他祖母溺爱不明，每因孙辱师责子，我所以辞了馆出来的。这等子弟，必不能守祖、父基业，从师友规劝的。只可惜他家几个好姊妹都是少有的。”&lt;br /&gt;
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So he got the secret method, and every time he felt the pain, he called his sisters. &amp;quot; Do you also feel ridiculous? And his grandmother doted on him so deeply that I as his teacher was usually insulted and blamed. So I resigned from there. The children like him would not be able to keep the inheritance of their ancestors and follow the advice of their teachers and friends. But it's a pity becasue several sisters in his family are rarely good. &amp;quot;--[[User:Yan Jing|Yan Jing]] ([[User talk:Yan Jing|talk]]) 00:52, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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And his grandmother doted on him so deeply that I was usually insulted and blamed as his teacher. Such child like him would not be able to keep the inheritance of their ancestors and follow the advice of their teachers and friends.&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜莉莉 Yán Lìlì 国别 女 202120081537==&lt;br /&gt;
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子兴道：“便是贾府中现在三个也不错。政老爷的长女名元春，因贤孝才德，选入宫作女史去了。二小姐乃是赦老爷姨娘所出，名迎春；三小姐政老爷庶出，名探春；四小姐乃宁府珍爷的胞妹，名惜春：&lt;br /&gt;
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Zi Xing said, &amp;quot;The three girls in Jia's mansion are not bad either. Jia Zheng's eldest daughter was named Yuanchun. Because of her virtue and filial piety, she was chosen to be a female historian in the court. The second lady was born to Jia He'concubine, her name was Yingchun; The third lady was born to Jia Zheng's concubine and was named Tanchun. The fourth lady is the sister of Jia Zhen in Ning' mansion, named Xichun:&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜子涵 Yán Zǐhán 国别 女 202120081538==&lt;br /&gt;
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因史老夫人极爱孙女，都跟在祖母这边，一处读书，听得个个不错。”雨村道：“更妙在甄家风俗：女儿之名，亦皆从男子之名；不似别人家里，另外用这些‘春’、‘红’、‘香’、‘玉’等艳字。&lt;br /&gt;
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==阳佳颖 Yáng Jiāyǐng 国别 女 202120081540==&lt;br /&gt;
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何得贾府亦落此俗套？”子兴道：“不然。只因现今大小姐是正月初一所生，故名元春，馀者都从了‘春’字；上一排的却也是从弟兄而来的。现有对证：目今你贵东家林公的夫人，即荣府中赦、政二公的胞妹，在家时名字唤贾敏。&lt;br /&gt;
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But how is it that the Jia family have likewise fallen into this convention？&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Not so！&amp;quot; said Zixing. &amp;quot;It is simply because the eldest daughter was born on the first day of the first month，that she was called Yuan Chun；And the rest followed Chun in their names. But the names of the last generation are adopted from those of their brothers；and there is at present an instance in support of this. The wife of your respected employer，Mr. Lin，is the sister of Mr.Jia She and Mr.Jia Zheng，and while at home,she was named Jia Min. --[[User:Yang Jiaying|Yang Jiaying]] ([[User talk:Yang Jiaying|talk]]) 15:54, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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But how could that the Jia family have also become so vulgar in terms of the name of the daughters？&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;It’s not what you think&amp;quot; said Zixing. &amp;quot;It is simply because the eldest daughter was born on the first day of the first month in the lunar year, that she was called Yuan Chun；And then the rest had Chun in their names too. But all the names of the girls of the last generation are adopted from those of their brothers；and there is at present an instance in support of this. The wife of your respected employer，Mr. Lin，is the sister of Mr.Jia She and Mr.Jia Zheng，and while at home,she was named Jia Min.--[[User:Yang Aijiang|Yang Aijiang]] ([[User talk:Yang Aijiang|talk]]) 03:49, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨爱江 Yáng Àijiāng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081541==&lt;br /&gt;
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不信时你回去细访可知。”雨村拍手笑道：“是极。我这女学生名叫黛玉，他读书凡‘敏’字，他皆念作‘密’字；写字遇着‘敏’字，亦减一二笔。我心中每每疑惑，今听你说，是为此无疑矣。&lt;br /&gt;
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If you don’t believe me, check up carefully when you go back. Yucun pounded the table with a laugh. That’s right. The name of my girl student is Daiyu. She always pronounces min as mi and misses one or two strokes when writing. That puzzled me every time. Now  I finally understand the reason behind it after hearing your words. --[[User:Yang Aijiang|Yang Aijiang]] ([[User talk:Yang Aijiang|talk]]) 03:30, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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If you don’t believe me, inquire carefully when you go back. Yucun pounded the table and smiled :”That’s right. The name of my girl student is Daiyu. She always pronounces ‘Min’ as ‘Mi’ and misses one or two strokes when writing. That puzzled me every time. Now I finally understand the reason behind it after hearing your words. “--[[User:Yang Kun|Yang Kun]] ([[User talk:Yang Kun|talk]]) 03:39, 12 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨堃 Yáng Kūn 法语语言文学 女 202120081542==&lt;br /&gt;
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怪道我这女学生言语举止另是一样，不与凡女子相同，度其母不凡，故生此女。今知为荣府之外孙，又不足罕矣。可惜上月其母竟亡故了。”子兴叹道：“老姊妹三个，这是极小的，又没了；&lt;br /&gt;
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It's strange that my female student's speech and behavior are different. She is not the same as other ordinary ladies. Hence,I guess that her mother is extraordinary and so is she. Since I know that she is the granddaughter of the Mansion of Rongguo,it is not strange that she is such a girl. Unfortunately, her mother died last month. Zixing sighed, &amp;quot;Among the three sisters, she is the youngest and she's also dead.&amp;quot;--[[User:Yang Kun|Yang Kun]] ([[User talk:Yang Kun|talk]]) 02:30, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨柳青 Yáng Liǔqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081543==&lt;br /&gt;
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长一辈的姊妹，一个也没了。只看这小一辈的将来的东床何如呢。”雨村道：“正是。方才说政公已有一个衔玉之子，又有长子所遗弱孙，这赦老竟无一个不成？”&lt;br /&gt;
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There are no elder sisters. Then we just look forward to the younger generation’s son-in-laws. Jia Yucun says: That’s it. I have just heard that Jia Zheng has a son, Prescious Jade Merchant who is born with a jade. And he has a grandson who is his eldest son’s child. Doesn’t Jia She have any children?--[[User:Yang Liuqing|Yang Liuqing]] ([[User talk:Yang Liuqing|talk]]) 07:09, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==叶维杰 Yè Wéijié 国别 男 202120081544==&lt;br /&gt;
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子兴道：“政公既有玉儿之后，其妾又生了一个，倒不知其好歹。只眼前现有二子一孙，却不知将来何如。若问那赦老爷，也有一子，名叫贾琏，今已二十多岁了，亲上做亲，娶的是政老爷夫人王氏内侄女，今已娶了四五年。&lt;br /&gt;
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Zi Xing says:“After Master Zheng had Yu er, his concubine gave birth to another child, don't know whether it is good or bad. Right now they already have two children and a grandson, but not knowing what should do in the future. Master Xie also has a son named Jia Lian, who is about 20 years old now. Jia Lian married Master Zheng's wife Wang's niece, it was an intermarry between their families, and it's been five years now.”&lt;br /&gt;
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Zi Xing said:&amp;quot;Master Zheng's concubine had given birth to another kid for him after having the son named Bao Yu, and didn't know the kid good or bad.So he only had two sons and a grandson at that time,and didn't know the future held.Master Xie also had a son named Jia Lian, who wass about 20 years old.Jia Lian married Master Zheng's wife Wang's niece, it was an intermarry between their families, and it's been five years now.”--[[User:Yi Yangfan|Yi Yangfan]] ([[User talk:Yi Yangfan|talk]]) 06:35, 12 December 2021 (UTC)Yi Yangfan&lt;br /&gt;
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==易扬帆 Yì Yángfān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081545==&lt;br /&gt;
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这位琏爷身上现捐了个同知，也是不喜正务的；于世路上好机变，言谈去得，所以目今只在乃叔政老爷家住，帮着料理家务。谁知自娶了这位奶奶之后，倒上下无人不称颂他的夫人，琏爷倒退了一舍之地：模样又极标致，言谈又爽利，心机又极深细，竟是个男人万不及一的。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Master Lian had now paid for an official, but he was also uncomfortable with formal affairs; he was so clever and well-spoken in his career that he was currently living in the house of Master Zheng, Jia Lian's uncle, and helping with the household chores.There is no idea that since marrying this difficult girl, no one in the house would not praise his wife, and that Jia Lian would not be able to match her: she is so good-looking, so sharp-tongued, and so deep-witted that she is a man's equal.&amp;quot;--[[User:Yi Yangfan|Yi Yangfan]] ([[User talk:Yi Yangfan|talk]]) 06:11, 12 December 2021 (UTC)Yi Yangfan&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷慧珍 Yīn Huìzhēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081546==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村听了，笑道：“可知我言不谬了。你我方才所说的这几个人，只怕都是那正邪两赋而来一路之人，未可知也。”子兴道：“正也罢，邪也罢，只顾算别人家的账，你也吃杯酒才好。”&lt;br /&gt;
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After hearing this, Yucun smiled and said, “now you know what I said is true. I’m afraid these people we just talked about are probably those who have the temperament of justice and evil.” Zixing said: “whether these people are just or evil, don't just talk about other people's gossip, and also remember to drink more.” --[[User:Yin Huizhen|Yin Huizhen]] ([[User talk:Yin Huizhen|talk]]) 08:36, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷美达 Yīn Měidá 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081547==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村道：“只顾说话，就多吃了几杯。”子兴笑道：“说着别人家的闲话，正好下酒，即多吃几杯何妨？”雨村向窗外看道：“天也晚了，仔细关了城，我们慢慢进城再谈，未为不可。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==尹媛 Yǐn Yuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081548==&lt;br /&gt;
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于是二人起身，算还酒钱。方欲走时，忽听得后面有人叫道：“雨村兄恭喜了！特来报个喜信的。”雨村忙回头看时……要知是谁，且听下回分解。&lt;br /&gt;
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So they got up and paid for the wine. When they was leaving, he heard someone calling behind: &amp;quot;Congratulations! My friend Yucun. Someone brings a lucky message to you.&amp;quot; Yucun looks back at once... Who is it? Please expect the next chapter--[[User:Yin Yuan|Yin Yuan]] ([[User talk:Yin Yuan|talk]]) 05:03, 5 December 2021 (UTC).&lt;br /&gt;
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==詹若萱 Zhān Ruòxuān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081549==&lt;br /&gt;
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外班──清代会试考取进士后，留在朝中任官者称“京官”，分发外地任地方官者称“外班”。因新官分发到地方后要候补，按班次任官，故称“外班”。​同寅皆侧目而视──同寅：即同僚。&lt;br /&gt;
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==张秋怡 Zhāng Qiūyí 亚非语言文学 女 202120081550==&lt;br /&gt;
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典出《尚书·虞书·皋陶谟》：“百僚师师，百工惟时……同寅协恭，和衷哉。”寅时是朝臣上朝之时，故称。 侧目而视：斜着眼看。语出《战国策·秦策一》：“(苏秦)将说楚王，路过洛阳。&lt;br /&gt;
Code out of &amp;quot;Shang Shu · Yu Shu · Gao Tao Mo&amp;quot; : &amp;quot;100 liao division division, 100 work but time...... Cooperate with Yin and be respectful and sincere.&amp;quot; Yin shi is the court when the court, so called. Sidelong: to look sideways. Su Qin will say that the king of Chu is passing by Luoyang.--[[User:Zhang Qiuyi|Zhang Qiuyi]] ([[User talk:Zhang Qiuyi|talk]]) 13:12, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The code is out of ''Shang Shu · Yu Shu · Gao Tao Mo'' : Numerous bureaucrats and teachers work only a hundred hours...... Cooperate with Yin and be respectful and sincere.&amp;quot; The Yin time is the court when raised, so it's called. Sidelook: to look sideways. From ''Warring States policy · Qin policy I'':&amp;quot; Su Qin will say that the king of Chu is passing by Luoyang.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zhang Yang|Zhang Yang]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yang|talk]]) 06:57, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张扬 Zhāng Yáng 国别 男 202120081551==&lt;br /&gt;
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父母闻之，清宫除道，张乐设饮，郊迎三十里；妻侧目而视，倾耳而听；嫂蛇行匍伏，四拜自跪而谢。”原表示敬畏。引申以表示愤怒或不齿。​&lt;br /&gt;
When his parents heard of it, they cleared the palace and cleaned the road. Zhang Le set up a repast and welcomed thirty miles away far from home. His wife looked sideways and listened attentively, and his sister-in-law crawled on her knees for thanks.&amp;quot; Originally it expressed awe. Extended to express anger or disdain.--[[User:Zhang Yang|Zhang Yang]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yang|talk]]) 06:53, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
When his parents heard of this, they cleared the palace and Zhang Le set up music and drinks to welcome him to the countryside for thirty miles. His wife looked sideways and listened attentively, and his sister-in-law crawled on her knees for thanks.&amp;quot; Originally it expressed awe. Extended to express anger or disdain.--[[User:Zhang Yiran|Zhang Yiran]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yiran|talk]]) 04:30, 10 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张怡然 Zhāng Yírán 俄语语言文学 女 202120081552==&lt;br /&gt;
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维扬──扬州(在今江苏省)的别称。大禹所划分的“九州”之一。典出《尚书·夏书·禹贡》：“淮海惟扬州。”“惟”通“维”。&lt;br /&gt;
Wei Yang - an alternative name for Yangzhou (Jiangsu province). It was one of the &amp;quot;nine states&amp;quot; delineated by the Great Yu. The name is derived from ''Shang Shu - Xia Shu - Yu Gong'': &amp;quot;The Huaihai Sea is only Yangzhou.&amp;quot; The word &amp;quot;but&amp;quot; is synonymous with &amp;quot;wei&amp;quot;.--[[User:Zhang Yiran|Zhang Yiran]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yiran|talk]]) 04:27, 10 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Weiyang - another name of Yangzhou (in today's Jiangsu Province) which is one of the &amp;quot;Kyushu&amp;quot; divided by Dayu. From the book Shangshu· Xiashu · Yugong  &amp;quot;the Huaihai sea Wei Yangzhou” &amp;quot;Wei&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;wei”--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 06:08, 9 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟义菲 Zhōng Yìfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081553==&lt;br /&gt;
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后人从“惟扬州”截取“惟扬”，又以“维”代“惟”，遂成“维扬”。如北朝周·庾信《哀江南赋》：“淮海维扬，三千馀里。”​探花──科举考试中殿试(最高一级考试)一甲第三名(第一名为状元，第二名为榜眼)。&lt;br /&gt;
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Later generations intercepted &amp;quot;Weiyang&amp;quot; from &amp;quot;weiyangzhou&amp;quot; and replaced &amp;quot;Weiyang&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;Wei&amp;quot;, so it became &amp;quot;Weiyang&amp;quot;. For example, Yuxin's Fu on mourning the south of the Yangtze River in the Northern Dynasty said, &amp;quot;the Huaihai sea is vast, more than 3000 miles.&amp;quot; Tanhua—the third place in the first grade of the palace examination (the highest level examination) (the first place is called Zhuangyuan and the second place is called Bangyan）--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 09:04, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Later generations intercepted &amp;quot;Weiyang&amp;quot; from &amp;quot;weiyangzhou&amp;quot; and replaced &amp;quot;Weiyang&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;Wei&amp;quot;, so it became &amp;quot;Weiyang&amp;quot;. For example, Yuxin's Poetic essay on mourning the south of the Yangtze River in the Northern Dynasty said, &amp;quot;the Weiyang city is vast, more than 3000 miles.&amp;quot; Tanhua—the third place in the first grade of the palace examination (the highest level examination) (the first place is called Zhuangyuan and the second place is called Bangyan)--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 09:15, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟雨露 Zhōng Yǔlù 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081554==&lt;br /&gt;
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本于唐代的“探花使”，亦称“探花郎”。唐·李淖《秦中岁时记》：“进士杏园初宴，谓之探花宴。差少俊二人为探花使，遍游名园，若它人先折花，二使皆被罚。”&lt;br /&gt;
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“Tan Huashi” in Tang Dynasty is also called “Tan Hualang”. Li Nao once wrote: “ The newly crowned scholars met in the Apricot Garden to feast with their peers who had been crowned in the same year. This banquet was known as the Flower Search Banquet. Two young and good-looking candidates were chosen to be the flower scouts, and they were asked to visit all the famous gardens and scout for flowers. If someone else took the flowers first, the two flower scouts would be punished with a drink.”--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 09:06, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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“Tan Huashi” in Tang Dynasty is also called “Tan Hualang”. Li Nao who lived in Tang Dynasty once wrote: “ The newly crowned scholars met in the Apricot Garden to feast with their peers who had been crowned in the same year. This banquet was known as the Flower Search Banquet. Two young and good-looking candidates were chosen to be the flower scouts, and they were asked to visit all the famous gardens and scout for flowers. If someone else took the flowers first, the two flower scouts would be punished with a drink.”--[[User:Zhou Jiu|Zhou Jiu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Jiu|talk]]) 01:09, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周玖 Zhōu Jiǔ 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081555==&lt;br /&gt;
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又宋·魏泰《东轩笔录》卷六：“进士及第后，例期集一月……又选最年少者二人为探花使，赋诗，世谓之探花郎。”​&lt;br /&gt;
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Wei Tai in Song Dynasty wrote that in his Dongxuan Bilu (Volume Six): “ In the imperial examination, after winning the imperial examination…… Two young scholars at the celebration were elected as Tanhua. And people named them Tanhua  boy .”--[[User:Zhou Jiu|Zhou Jiu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Jiu|talk]]) 09:19, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Wei Tai wrote in his ''Dongxuan Transcript'' (Volume Six) in Song Dynasty : “Participated in and passed the highest imperial examinations ... then the first two youngest scholars at the examination were chosen as Tanhua. And people named them Tanhua boy.”--[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 13:55, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周俊辉 Zhōu Jùnhuī 法语语言文学 女 202120081556==&lt;br /&gt;
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兰台寺大夫──指专管弹劾的御史。兰台是汉朝宫内藏书之所，由御史大夫主管，故后世将御史台别称“兰台”，将御史府别称“兰台寺”，将御史别称“兰台寺大夫”。​&lt;br /&gt;
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Censor of LanTai  - refers to imperial historian who is in charge of impeachment. LanTai  was the  place where the books were stored in the Palace of the Han Dynasty, and was in charge of the imperial historian. The institution where the imperial historian was later called “LanTai”,  the palace where the imperial historian lived was called “ LanTai Temple”, and the imperial historian was called “censor of LanTai” by later generations.--[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 13:41, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
Censor of LanTai - refers to imperial historian who is in charge of impeachment. LanTai was the place where the books were stored in the Palace of the Han Dynasty, and was in charge of the imperial historian. Accordimgly, the institution where the imperial historian was later called “LanTai” the palace where the imperial historian lived was called “ LanTai Temple”, and the imperial historian was called “censor of LanTai” by later generations.--[[User:Zhou Qiao1|Zhou Qiao1]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qiao1|talk]]) 06:46, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周巧 Zhōu Qiǎo 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081557==&lt;br /&gt;
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列侯──古代爵名。在秦称“彻侯”，为二十四级爵位中的最高一级。至汉代为避汉武帝刘彻之讳，改为“通侯”。“通”与“彻”同义，是改名不改义。“通侯”之意是表示受爵者功勋通于王室。&lt;br /&gt;
Marquis - Ancient Baron name. In Qin Dynasty, it was called &amp;quot;chehou&amp;quot;, which was the highest among twenty-four levels. In the Han Dynasty, in order to avoid the taboo of Liu Che, Emperor of the Han Dynasty, it was changed to &amp;quot;tonghou&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;Tong&amp;quot; is synonymous with &amp;quot;Che&amp;quot; in Chinese, in this way changing the name without changing the meaning. &amp;quot;Tong Hou&amp;quot; means that the recipient has done meritorious services to the royal family.--[[User:Zhou Qiao1|Zhou Qiao1]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qiao1|talk]]) 09:17, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Marquis──Ancient noble name. In Qin Dynasty, it was called &amp;quot;Che Hou&amp;quot;, and it was the highest rank among the twenty-four ranks. In the Han Dynasty, it was changed to &amp;quot;Tonghou&amp;quot; to avoid the taboo of Han Wudi Liu Che. &amp;quot;Tong&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Che&amp;quot; are synonymous, which means changing the name without changing the meaning. &amp;quot;Tong Hou&amp;quot; means that the meritorious deeds of the nobility are passed to the royal family.--[[User:Zhou Qing|Zhou Qing]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qing|talk]]) 15:25, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周清 Zhōu Qīng 法语语言文学 女 202120081558==&lt;br /&gt;
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后又改为“列侯”，表示序列之意。见《汉书·高帝纪下》颜师古注。清代并无此爵，只是借指侯爵。清代爵位分公、侯、伯、子、男，侯爵为第二等。&lt;br /&gt;
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Later it was changed to &amp;quot;Liehou&amp;quot;, which means sequence. See Yan Shigu's Note in &amp;quot;The Book of Han·Gao Di Jixia&amp;quot;. There was no such nobility in the Qing Dynasty, but a reference to the marquis. In the Qing Dynasty, the titles were divided into Gong, Marquis, Bo, Zi, and Male, and Marquis was the second class.&lt;br /&gt;
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Later it was changed to &amp;quot;Liehou&amp;quot;, which means sequence. See Yan Shigu's Note in &amp;quot;Book of Han• Han Gaozu ( the first emperor of Han dynasty)&amp;quot;. There was no such nobility in the Qing Dynasty, but a reference to the marquess. In the Qing Dynasty, the titles were divided into Duck,Marquess, Earl, Viscount, Baron and Marquess was the second class.--[[User:Zhou Xiaoxue|Zhou Xiaoxue]] ([[User talk:Zhou Xiaoxue|talk]]) 16:03, 11 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周小雪 Zhōu Xiǎoxuě 日语语言文学 女 202120081559==&lt;br /&gt;
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膝下荒凉──意谓子女稀少，尤无儿子。 膝下：这里指子女。因幼儿多倚偎于父母膝旁，故称。《孝经·圣治》：“故亲生之膝下，以养父母日严。”唐玄宗注：“亲犹爱也，膝下谓孩童之时也。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Desolate at the knees means that there are few children, especially no sons. Under the Knee: it means children. The reason why children are called knee is that children often nestle to their parents' knees.''The Classic of Filial Piety·Shengzhi'' says &amp;quot;the feeling of affection grows up at parents’ knees. As children grow up, they become more and more respectful of their parents.&amp;quot; Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty noted: &amp;quot;Be close to your parents and love them. Under the knees is the time of a child.--[[User:Zhou Xiaoxue|Zhou Xiaoxue]] ([[User talk:Zhou Xiaoxue|talk]]) 05:48, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Desolate below the knee means that there are few children, especially no sons. Knee: it refers to children. The reason why children are called knee is that children mostly lean on their parents' knees. &amp;quot;The Book of Filial Piety·Shengzhi&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Therefore, the days of adoptive parents are strict under the knees of one's own birth.&amp;quot; Tang Xuanzong's note: &amp;quot;You are still in love with you, and under your knees is the time of a child.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zhu Suzhen|Zhu Suzhen]] ([[User talk:Zhu Suzhen|talk]]) 13:29, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==朱素珍 Zhū Sùzhēn 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081561==&lt;br /&gt;
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荒凉：形容因子女稀少而家庭显得清冷凄凉。西席──古人座次以右(西)为尊，故右席为宾客和塾师之位，坐西面东，故称幕宾和塾师为“西席”或“西宾”。&lt;br /&gt;
Desolate: It can be used to describe such a situation: a family becomes desolate because of the small number of children. West Seat ─ ─  the right seat was preferred by the ancients, therefore the right seat belonged to the guests and tutors. Besides, because they sit in the derection of west and face the direcyion of east, so the guests and tutors were called &amp;quot;west seats&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;west guests&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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Desolation: it describes the desolation of the family due to the scarcity of children. West Seat -- the ancients took the right (West) seat as the priority, so the right seat was the seat for guests and school teachers.and because they sit in the derection of west and face the direcyion of east.Therefore, it was called &amp;quot;west seats&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;West guests&amp;quot; for the guests and tutors.--[[User:Zou Yueli|Zou Yueli]] ([[User talk:Zou Yueli|talk]]) 02:19, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邹岳丽 Zōu Yuèlí 日语语言文学 女 202120081562==&lt;br /&gt;
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清·梁章钜《称谓录》卷八：“汉明帝尊桓荣以师礼，上幸太常府，令荣坐东面(坐西面东)，设几。故师曰西席。”这里指家庭教师。“身后”一联──身后有馀：是说馀年还很长(“身后”不可解作死后)。&lt;br /&gt;
Liang Zhangju, Qing Dynasty, wrote in Volume VIII of 《Appellation records》: &amp;quot;Emperor  Mingdi After respected Huan Rong and treated him with teacher courtesy. He once visited Taichang mansion in person, asked Huan Rong to sit in the East, set a table and a walking stick。Therefore, master said it was a seat in the West.&amp;quot; Here refers to a tutor.A couplet of &amp;quot;behind you&amp;quot; - there is surplus behind you: it means that the remaining years are still very long (&amp;quot;behind you&amp;quot; cannot be interpreted as after death).--[[User:Zou Yueli|Zou Yueli]] ([[User talk:Zou Yueli|talk]]) 14:23, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Nadia 202011080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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忘缩手：是说不肯收手，还要争名夺利。 &lt;br /&gt;
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==Mahzad Heydarian 玛莎 202021080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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无路：走投无路。此联是说世人大多只顾眼前，不顾将来，等到走投无路，后悔无及。​&lt;br /&gt;
No way: desperate. This association means that most people in the world only care about the present, regardless of the future, and wait until they are desperate and regret it. ​&lt;br /&gt;
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==Mariam toure 2020GBJ002301==&lt;br /&gt;
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刹──梵语音译省称，意译为佛塔的柱形尖顶，故又称“佛柱”。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Rouabah Soumaya 202121080001==&lt;br /&gt;
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引申为佛寺。贾复──东汉南阳冠军(今河南邓州市西北)人，累官至左将军，并封胶东侯。&lt;br /&gt;
Extended to Buddhist temple. HiJia Fu——A native of Nanyang Champion of the Eastern Han Dynasty (now northwest of Dengzhou City, Henan Province),he was tired from general to the left and sealed Donghou in Jiao.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Muhammad Numan|Muhammad Numan]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Numan|talk]]) 15:54, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Numan 202121080002==&lt;br /&gt;
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《后汉书》有传。姓贾的成千上万，贾雨村却只拉千年前的贾复为一家，足见其拉大旗作虎皮之势利小人肺肝。​There is a biography in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. There are thousands of people surnamed Jia, but Jia Yucun only manages Jia Fu from a thousand years ago. This shows that the Qiraji banner is a tiger skin.​&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Atta Ur Rahman|Atta Ur Rahman]] ([[User talk:Atta Ur Rahman|talk]]) 14:18, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Atta Ur Rahman 202121080003==&lt;br /&gt;
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百足之虫，死而不僵——典出三国魏·曹冏《六代论》：&lt;br /&gt;
A hundred-footed worm does not die - an allusion to Cao Jon's &amp;quot;Six Dynasties&amp;quot; in the Three Kingdoms.&lt;br /&gt;
Note:百足之虫，至死不僵，读作 bǎi zú zhī chóng，zhì sǐ bù jiāng 。 It is used as a metaphor for a group or individual with strong power that will not easily collapse for a while. 百足：The name of a worm with a twenty-sectioned torso that can still wriggle after being severed.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Saqib Mehran 202121080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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“故语曰：‘百足之虫，死而不僵。’扶之者众也。”&lt;br /&gt;
The old saying goes:'Hundred-legged worms die but are not stiff.' There are many who support them.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:Example.jpg]]==Zohaib Chand 202121080005==&lt;br /&gt;
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比喻世家大族虽然衰败，因家底雄厚，依傍众多，表面上仍能维持繁荣景象。&lt;br /&gt;
It is a metaphor that despite the decline of the aristocratic family, because of the strong family background and numerous support, it can still maintain its prosperity on the surface.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Jawad Ahmad 202121080006==&lt;br /&gt;
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百足：虫名，即马陆。长约一寸，躯干由多节构成，每节有足一对或二对，切断后仍能蠕动。&lt;br /&gt;
English: Centipede, Insect name, arthropods. Length, around an inch, Body is composed of multiple sections, each section has one or two pairs of feet, after cutting still can squirm.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Nizam Uddin 202121080007==&lt;br /&gt;
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僵：倒下。​安富尊荣──语出《孟子·尽心上》：&lt;br /&gt;
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Stiff: fall down. ​Safety, wealth and honour──From the words &amp;quot;Mencius·All Your Heart&amp;quot;:&lt;br /&gt;
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==Öncü 202121080008==&lt;br /&gt;
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“君子居是国也，其君用之，则安富尊荣。”&lt;br /&gt;
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A gentleman can make people transform their morals, change their customs, Safeguard the country and protect its honor. --[[User:AkiraJantarat|AkiraJantarat]] ([[User talk:AkiraJantarat|talk]]) 13:55, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Akira Jantarat 202121080009==&lt;br /&gt;
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原意是君子因辅佐国君功勋卓著而享受荣华富贵。&lt;br /&gt;
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Agree to be a gentleman，because of the outstanding merits of supporting the monarch and enjoying the glory and wealth.--[[User:AkiraJantarat|AkiraJantarat]] ([[User talk:AkiraJantarat|talk]]) 13:58, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The original meaning was that gentlemen who made outstanding contributions to assist the monarch enjoyed glory and wealth. --[[User:Benjamin Wellsand|Benjamin Wellsand]] ([[User talk:Benjamin Wellsand|talk]]) 20:06, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Benjamin Wellsand 202111080118==&lt;br /&gt;
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这里反用其意，意谓不劳而获，安享荣华富贵。​&lt;br /&gt;
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The meaning is the opposite here, that for nothing one can enjoy prosperity and wealth.--[[User:Benjamin Wellsand|Benjamin Wellsand]] ([[User talk:Benjamin Wellsand|talk]]) 20:02, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The meaning is reversed here, which means to enjoy prosperity and wealth for nothing. --[[User:Asep Budiman|Asep Budiman]] ([[User talk:Asep Budiman|talk]]) 07:22, 7 December 2021 (UTC) ​&lt;br /&gt;
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==Asep Budiman 202111080020==&lt;br /&gt;
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钟鸣鼎食——语出唐·王勃《滕王阁序》：“闾阎扑地，钟鸣鼎食之家。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Zhongming Ding Shi-Quoting Tang Wang Bo's &amp;quot;Preface to the Pavilion of the King of Teng&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Lu Yan, the home of Zhong Ming Ding Shi.&amp;quot; --[[User:Asep Budiman|Asep Budiman]] ([[User talk:Asep Budiman|talk]]) 07:24, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Zhongming Ding Shi-Speech by Tang Wang Bo &amp;quot;Preface to the Pavilion of the King of Teng&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Lu Yan rushes to the ground, the home of Zhongming Ding Shi.&amp;quot; -Ei Mon Kyaw-[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 09:47, 7 December 2021 (UTC)--[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 09:47, 7 December 2021 (UTC)Ei Mon Kyaw&lt;br /&gt;
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==Ei Mon Kyaw 202111080021==&lt;br /&gt;
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古代贵族鸣钟列鼎而食。这里借以形容富贵豪华。&lt;br /&gt;
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The nobles in ancient times sang bells and set out to eat. Here it is used to describe the wealth and luxury.--[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 09:56, 7 December 2021 (UTC)Ei Mon Kyaw--------Ei Mon Kyaw-[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 09:56, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
The ancient nobles rang the bells and set out to eat. To describe wealth and luxury. --[[User:Mahzad Heydarian|Mahzad Heydarian]] ([[User talk:Mahzad Heydarian|talk]]) 07:09, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211208_homework&amp;diff=130105</id>
		<title>20211208 homework</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211208_homework&amp;diff=130105"/>
		<updated>2021-12-08T13:04:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531 */&lt;/p&gt;
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==陈静 Chén Jìng 国别 女 202020080595==&lt;br /&gt;
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说了一会话，临走又送我二两银子。”甄家娘子听了，不觉感伤。一夜无话。&lt;br /&gt;
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==蔡珠凤 Cài Zhūfèng 法语语言文学 女 202120081477==&lt;br /&gt;
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次日，早有雨村遣人送了两封银子、四匹锦缎，答谢甄家娘子；又一封密书与封肃，托他向甄家娘子要那娇杏作二房。封肃喜得眉开眼笑，巴不得去奉承太爷，便在女儿前一力撺掇。&lt;br /&gt;
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The next day, Yucun sent two bundles of silver and four brocades to thank the Zhen lady; Another secret letter to Feng Su asked him to ask the Zhen lady for the delicate Jiaoxing as concubine. Feng Su was so happy that he was eager to flatter the Lord, so he tried his best to encourage his daughter.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 14:01, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The next day, Yucun sent two bundles of silver and four brocades to thank  Zhen lady; He also sent another secret letter to Feng Su, asking him to ask Jiaoxing, the daughter of Zhen Lady, to be his second wife. Feng Su was so happy that he was eager to flatter the Lord, so he tried his best to encourage his daughter.--[[User:Chen Huini|Chen Huini]] ([[User talk:Chen Huini|talk]]) 07:56, 5 December 2021 (UTC)Chen Huini&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈惠妮 Chén Huìnī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081479==&lt;br /&gt;
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当夜用一乘小轿，便把娇杏送进衙内去了。雨村欢喜，自不必言；又封百金赠与封肃，又送甄家娘子许多礼物，令其且自过活，以待访寻女儿下落。&lt;br /&gt;
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One evening, Jiaoxing was sent to prison by a small sedan carriage. Undoutedbly, Yucun was very pleased and gave hundreds of golds to Fengsu and many gifts to Zhen's wife so that she can live by herself untill her daugther was found.--[[User:Chen Huini|Chen Huini]] ([[User talk:Chen Huini|talk]]) 11:17, 4 December 2021 (UTC)Chen Huini&lt;br /&gt;
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At that very night he put Jiaoxing in a small sedan-chair and escorted her to the yamen. We don't need to imagine Yucun's satisfaction.He gave Feng Su a hundred pieces of gold and sent Mrs. Zhen many gifts, telling her to take good care of herself that she can find her daughter.--[[User:Chen Xiangqiong|Chen Xiangqiong]] ([[User talk:Chen Xiangqiong|talk]]) 01:11, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈湘琼 Chén Xiāngqióng 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081480==&lt;br /&gt;
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却说娇杏那丫头，便是当年回顾雨村的，因偶然一看，便弄出这段奇缘，也是意想不到之事。谁知他命运两济：不承望自到雨村身边只一年，便生一子；又半载，雨村嫡配忽染疾下世，雨村便将他扶作正室夫人。&lt;br /&gt;
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Now Jiaoxing was the maid who had looked back at Yucun that year, little dreaming that one casual glance could have such an extraordinary outcome.And so lucky she was that wthin a year of marriage she bore a son; and after another half year Yucun's wife was very ill and died, and then he made Jiaoxing his wife, giving her higher position.&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈心怡 Chén Xīnyí 翻译学 女 202120081481==&lt;br /&gt;
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正是：偶因一回顾，便为人上人。原来雨村因那年士隐赠银之后，他于十六日便起身赴京。大比之期，十分得意，中了进士，选入外班，今已升了本县太爷。&lt;br /&gt;
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Jiaoxing looked back at Jia Yucun out of curiosity, not out of love. But because of such a chance, from a little girl who was serviced, she became a rich lady who serviced others. It turns out that Yucun because of silver given by Shiyin in that year, he left for Beijing on the 16th. He was lucky enough to won the scholar in the great competition and was selected into the outer class, now has been promoted to the county magistrate. --[[User:Chen Xinyi|Chen Xinyi]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi|talk]]) 09:33, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==程杨 Chéng Yáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081482==&lt;br /&gt;
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虽才干优长，未免贪酷，且恃才侮上，那同寅皆侧目而视。不上一年，便被上司参了一本，说他貌似有才，性实狡猾；又题了一两件徇庇蠹役、交结乡绅之事。&lt;br /&gt;
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==丁旋 Dīng Xuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081483==&lt;br /&gt;
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龙颜大怒，即命革职。部文一到，本府各官无不喜悦。那雨村虽十分惭恨，面上却全无一点怨色，仍是嘻笑自若。&lt;br /&gt;
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The emperor was extremely irritated and immediately removed him from office. Every official of this department was glad when the dismission information arrived. Though  very guilty and regretful, Yucun was smiling as often without any complaint complexion.--[[User:Ding Xuan|Ding Xuan]] ([[User talk:Ding Xuan|talk]]) 02:29, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杜莉娜 Dù Lìnuó 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081484==&lt;br /&gt;
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交代过了公事，将历年所积的宦囊，并家属人等，送至原籍，安顿妥当了，却自己担风袖月，游览天下胜迹。那日偶又游至维扬地方，闻得今年盐政点的是林如海。&lt;br /&gt;
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After giving official business,leaving the family his accumulated salary for several years and settled them in native home, he had given up high official positions and riches and travelled the famous historical sites everywhere.One day he arrived Weiyang（Yangzhou，Jiangsu Province，China）by accident and heared about the present salt administration officer was Lin Ruhai Salzinspektor.--[[User:Du Lina|Du Lina]] ([[User talk:Du Lina|talk]]) 04:23, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==付红岩 Fù Hóngyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081485==&lt;br /&gt;
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这林如海姓林名海，表字如海，乃是前科的探花，今已升兰台寺大夫，本贯姑苏人氏，今钦点为巡盐御史，到任未久。&lt;br /&gt;
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==付诗雨 Fù Shīyǔ 日语语言文学 女 202120081486==&lt;br /&gt;
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原来这林如海之祖，也曾袭过列侯的，今到如海，业经五世。起初只袭三世，因当今隆恩盛德，额外加恩，至如海之父又袭了一代，到了如海便从科第出身。&lt;br /&gt;
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In fact, the ancestors of Lin Ju-hai had, from years back, successively inherited the title of Marquis, which rank, by its present descent to Ju-hai, had already been enjoyed by five generations. When first conferred, the hereditary right to the title had been limited to three generations; but of late years, by an act of magnanimous favour and generous beneficence, extraordinary bounty had been superadded; and on the arrival of the succession to the father of Ju-hai, the right had been extended to another degree. It had now descended to Ju-hai, who had, besides this title of nobility, begun his career as a successful graduate. --[[User:Fu Shiyu|Fu Shiyu]] ([[User talk:Fu Shiyu|talk]]) 00:55, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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In fact, one of Lin Ju-hai's ancestors five generations earlier had been ennobled as a marquis. The title was originally limited to three generations, but through an act of magnanimous favour and generous beneficence of the Emperor, it had been extended to Lin Ju-hai’s father. Now Lin Ju-hai himself had been obliged to make his way up through the examination system.--[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 15:21, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==高蜜 Gāo Mì 翻译学 女 202120081487==&lt;br /&gt;
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虽系世禄之家，却是书香之族。只可惜这林家支庶不盛，人丁有限，虽有几门，却与如海俱是堂族，没甚亲支嫡派的。今如海年已五十，只有一个三岁之子，又于去岁亡了；&lt;br /&gt;
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It was not only a family of hereditary emoluments, but also of scholars. Unfortunately, the family was not prolific despite the fact that several branches existed. And Lin Ju-hai had cousins but no brothers or sisters. He was fifty already, and his only child had died last year at the age of three.--[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 14:53, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==宫博雅 Gōng Bóyǎ 俄语语言文学 女 202120081488==&lt;br /&gt;
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虽有几房姬妾，奈命中无子，亦无可如何之事。只嫡妻贾氏生得一女，乳名黛玉，年方五岁，夫妻爱之如掌上明珠。见他生得聪明俊秀，也欲使他识几个字，不过假充养子，聊解膝下荒凉之叹。&lt;br /&gt;
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Although he had several concubines, he was doomed to have no son (to inherit the family line). Only lady Jia, his legal wife, gave birth to a daughter, Daiyu, aged five. The couple doted on their daughter like a pearl on the palm of their eyes. Lin Ruhai wanted to teach him to read, because he was smart and handsome, and Lin Ruhai wanted to ease the loneliness of not having a son by pretending to adopt him.--[[User:Gong Boya|Gong Boya]] ([[User talk:Gong Boya|talk]]) 05:55, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Although he had several concubines, he had no son in his life, and nothing could be done about it. The first wife, Min Merchant, had a daughter named Mascara Jade Forest, who was five years old and loved by the couple as a jewel. Seeing that she looked smart and beautiful, they also wanted to make her literate, but raised her as a son to relieve the sorrow of no son. --[[User:He Qin|He Qin]] ([[User talk:He Qin|talk]]) 13:44, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==何芩 Hé Qín 翻译学 女 202120081489==&lt;br /&gt;
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且说贾雨村在旅店偶感风寒，愈后又因盘费不继，正欲得一个居停之所，以为息肩之地。偶遇两个旧友，认得新盐政，知他正要请一西席教训女儿，遂将雨村荐进衙门去。&lt;br /&gt;
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The story goes that Rainvillage Merchant caught a cold at the inn and recovered. He wanted to get a place to stay but he could not afford the fee. He met two old friends who got acquainted the new official of salt (Ruhai Forest) and knew that Forest was about to hire a tutor for his daughter, so they recommended Rainvillage to the government office.--[[User:He Qin|He Qin]] ([[User talk:He Qin|talk]]) 13:57, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==胡舒情 Hú Shūqíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081490==&lt;br /&gt;
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这女学生年纪幼小，身体又弱，功课不限多寡，其馀不过两个伴读丫鬟，故雨村十分省力，正好养病。看看又是一载有馀，不料女学生之母贾氏夫人一病而亡。&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄锦云 Huáng Jǐnyún 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081491==&lt;br /&gt;
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女学生奉侍汤药，守丧尽礼，过于哀痛，素本怯弱，因此旧病复发，有好些时不曾上学。雨村闲居无聊，每当风日晴和，饭后便出来闲步。这一日偶至郊外，意欲赏鉴那村野风光。&lt;br /&gt;
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The girl was dutiful in her attendance during her mother's sickness, and prepared the medicines. She went into the deepest mourning for her mother's death. Prescribed by the rites, she gave way to such excess of grief that, naturally delicate as she was, broke out anew. Being unable for a considerable time to prosecute her studies, Yue-ts'un lived at leisure and needn't to attend to. Whenever the wind was genial and the sun mild, he would stroll at random after meals.One day by some accident, walking beyond the suburbs he came up to a spot encircled by luxuriant clumps of trees and thick groves of bamboos.--[[User:Huang Jinyun|Huang Jinyun]] ([[User talk:Huang Jinyun|talk]]) 08:07, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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During her mother's sickness, the girl was dutiful in her attendance and prepared the medicines. She went into the deepest mourning for her mother's death. Prescribed by the rites, she gave way to such excess of grief that, naturally delicate as she was, broke out anew. Unable  to prosecute her studies for a considerable time, Yue-ts'un lived at leisure and needn't to attend to. Whenever the wind was genial and the sun mild, he would stroll at random after meals. One day by some accident, he walked to the countryside to enjoy the scenery.--[[User:Huang Yiyan1|Huang Yiyan1]] ([[User talk:Huang Yiyan1|talk]]) 15:12, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄逸妍 Huáng Yìyán 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081492==&lt;br /&gt;
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信步至一山环水漩、茂林修竹之处，隐隐有座庙宇，门巷倾颓，墙垣剥落。有额题曰“智通寺”，门旁又有一副旧破的对联云：身后有馀忘缩手，眼前无路想回头。&lt;br /&gt;
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He walked to a place with luxuriant woods and bamboo groves which is surrounded by hill and streams.And there was a temple half hidden among the foliage whose entrance was in ruins and walls were crumbling. There was an inscription above the gate: Zhi tong Temple. And flanking the gate was a couplet: Though plenty was left after death, one forgot to hold his hand back. Only at the end of the road does one think of turning on to the right back.--[[User:Huang Yiyan1|Huang Yiyan1]] ([[User talk:Huang Yiyan1|talk]]) 15:04, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Walking to a place surrounded by mountains, swirling water and lush forests and bamboos, there is a temple. The doors and alleys are falling and the walls are peeling off. There is a forehead titled &amp;quot;Zhitong Temple&amp;quot;, and there is an old broken couplet beside the door: I forgot to withdraw my hand behind me, and there is no way to turn back.--[[User:Zeng Junlin|Zeng Junlin]] ([[User talk:Zeng Junlin|talk]]) 02:02, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==曾俊霖 Zēng Jùnlín 国别 男 202120081478==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村看了，因想道：“这两句文虽甚浅，其意则深。也曾游过些名山大刹，倒不曾见过这话头。其中想必有个翻过筋斗来的，也未可知。&lt;br /&gt;
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Yucun looked at it and thought, &amp;quot;although these two sentences are very shallow, their meaning is deep. I've also visited some famous mountains and great temples, but I haven't seen this sentence. One of them must have somersaulted, and I don't know.&lt;br /&gt;
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Yucun looked at it and thought, &amp;quot;although these two sentences are very shallow, their meaning is deep. I've also visited some famous mountains and great temples, but I haven't seen this sentence. One of them must have somersaulted, and I don't know.--[[User:Huang Zhuliang|Huang Zhuliang]] ([[User talk:Huang Zhuliang|talk]]) 03:22, 6 December 2021 (UTC)Huang Zhuliang&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄柱梁 Huáng Zhùliáng 国别 男 202120081493==&lt;br /&gt;
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何不进去一访？”走入看时，只有一个龙锺老僧在那里煮粥。雨村见了，却不在意。及至问他两句话，那老僧既聋且昏，又齿落舌钝，所答非所问。雨村不耐烦，仍退出来。When Yu Cun walked in, there was only one old monk cooking porridge there. Yucun saw him, but he didn't care. When he asked him a few words, the old monk was deaf and faint, and his tongue was dull. His answer was not what he asked. Yucun was impatient and still withdrew.&lt;br /&gt;
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==金晓童 Jīn Xiǎotóng  202120081494==&lt;br /&gt;
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意欲到那村肆中沽饮三杯，以助野趣，于是移步行来。刚入肆门，只见座上吃酒之客，有一人起身大笑，接了出来，口内说：“奇遇，奇遇！”&lt;br /&gt;
He wanted to go to the village pub for a drink, for the pleasure of nature. So he went on his way. When He entered the pub, he could only see the drinking men in the seats. A man got up and laughed, and then came out, saying repeatedly“What a fortuitous meeting！”&lt;br /&gt;
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==邝艳丽 Kuàng Yànl 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081495==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村忙看时，此人是都中古董行中贸易，姓冷号子兴的，旧日在都相识。雨村最赞这冷子兴是个有作为大本领的人，这子兴又借雨村斯文之名，故二人最相投契。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李爱璇 Lǐ Àixuán 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081496==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村忙亦笑问：“老兄何日到此？弟竟不知。今日偶遇，真奇缘也！”子兴道：“去年岁底到家，今因还要入都，从此顺路找个敝友，说一句话。&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;When did you get here?&amp;quot; Yue-ts'un eagerly inquired also smilingly. &amp;quot;I wasn't aware of your arrival. This unexpected meeting is positively a strange piece of good fortune.&amp;quot; &amp;quot;I went home,&amp;quot; Tzu-hsing replied, &amp;quot;at the end of last year, but now as I return to the capital again, I passed through here on my way to look up a friend of mine and talk some matters over.--[[User:Li Aixuan|Li Aixuan]] ([[User talk:Li Aixuan|talk]]) 01:39, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李瑞洋 Lǐ Ruìyáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081497==&lt;br /&gt;
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承他的情，留我多住两日。我也无甚紧事，且盘桓两日，待月半时也就起身了。今日敝友有事，我因闲走到此，不期这样巧遇。”一面说，一面让雨村同席坐了，另整上酒肴来。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李姗 Lǐ Shān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081498==&lt;br /&gt;
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二人闲谈慢饮，叙些别后之事。雨村因问：“近日都中可有新闻没有？”子兴道：“倒没有什么新闻，倒是老先生的贵同宗家出了一件小小的异事。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Over drinking, they two talked about some plans of the near future after the farewell. Then Yucun asked: Is there anything new in the capital city? Zixing answered，“Nothing new. But in your dignified remote relative's house there is indeed a strange thing.”--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 14:49, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李双 Lǐ Shuāng 翻译学 女 202120081499==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村笑道：“弟族中无人在都，何谈及此？”子兴笑道：“你们同姓，岂非一族？”雨村问：“是谁家？”子兴笑道：“荣国贾府中，可也不玷辱老先生的门楣了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==李文璇 Lǐ Wénxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081500==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村道：“原来是他家。若论起来，寒族人丁却自不少，东汉贾复以来，支派繁盛，各省皆有，谁能逐细考查？若论荣国一支，却是同谱。但他那等荣耀，我们不便去认他，故越发生疏了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Yucun said: &amp;quot;It's his house. If discussed explicitly, the people of Han's family were of great quantity since the Eastern Han Dynasty of Jiafu. Their branches were numerous in each province, who can examine one by one? If only discussed the branch of Rongguo, they were the same. But the Rongguo were glorious, it was inconvenient for us to make a connection with them, so we were getting more and more unfamiliar. --[[User:Li Wenxuan|Li Wenxuan]] ([[User talk:Li Wenxuan|talk]]) 08:22, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
Yucun said: &amp;quot;It turned out to be his family. If you talk about it, there are many Han people. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, the tribe has been prosperous and there are all provinces. Who can examine it carefully? . But he is so glorious, it is inconvenient for us to recognize him, so we have become more and more estranged.&amp;quot;--[[User:Li Wen|Li Wen]] ([[User talk:Li Wen|talk]]) 10:02, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李雯 Lǐ Wén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081501==&lt;br /&gt;
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子兴叹道：“老先生休这样说。如今的这荣、宁两府，也都萧索了，不比先时的光景。”雨村道：“当日宁、荣两宅人口也极多，如何便萧索了呢？”子兴道：“正是，说来也话长。”&lt;br /&gt;
Zi Xing sighed, &amp;quot;Old Mr. Xiu said this. The Rong and Ning residences are now depressed, not as good as the previous conditions.&amp;quot; Yucun said: &amp;quot;The Ning and Rong residences had a large population that day. Is it done?&amp;quot; Zi Xing said: &amp;quot;Exactly, it's a long story.&amp;quot;--[[User:Li Wen|Li Wen]] ([[User talk:Li Wen|talk]]) 10:01, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
The son sighed: &amp;quot;This is what old Hugh said. The provinces of Rong and Ning are now deserted, not as they were in the past.&amp;quot; Rain village way: &amp;quot;that day ning, rong two house population is also very much, how then deserted?&amp;quot; Zi Xing said, &amp;quot;Exactly. It's a long story.&amp;quot;--[[User:Li Xinxing|Li Xinxing]] ([[User talk:Li Xinxing|talk]]) 14:33, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李新星 Lǐ Xīnxīng 亚非语言文学 女 202120081503==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村道：“去岁我到金陵时，因欲游览六朝遗迹，那日进了石头城，从他宅门前经过：街东是宁国府，街西是荣国府，二宅相连，竟将大半条街占了。&lt;br /&gt;
Yu Village road: &amp;quot;Last year when I went to Jinling, because I wanted to visit the ruins of the Six Dynasties, that day into the Stone city, from the front of his house through: street east is Ning Guo Fu, street west is Rong Guo Fu, two houses connected, unexpectedly occupied half of the street.--[[User:Li Xinxing|Li Xinxing]] ([[User talk:Li Xinxing|talk]]) 14:32, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Yucun said, &amp;quot;when I came to Jinling last year, I wanted to visit the ruins of the Six Dynasties. On that day, I entered the stone city and passed in front of his house: Ningguo house is in the east of the street, Rongguo house is in the west, and the two houses are connected, occupying more than half of the street.--[[User:Li Yi|Li Yi]] ([[User talk:Li Yi|talk]]) 14:35, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李怡 Lǐ Yí 法语语言文学 女 202120081504==&lt;br /&gt;
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大门外虽冷落无人，隔着围墙一望，里面厅殿楼阁，也还都峥嵘轩峻；就是后边一带花园里，树木山石，也都还有葱蔚洇润之气：那里像个衰败之家？”&lt;br /&gt;
Although deserted outside the gate, across the wall to see the hall hall pavilions, are also lofty xuan Jun; Even in the garden at the back, the trees and rocks were all luxuriant: it did not look at all like a run-down house--[[User:Li Yi|Li Yi]] ([[User talk:Li Yi|talk]]) 01:57, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Although deserted outside the gate, the hall and pavilions were also lofty and grand seen across the wall.Even in the garden at the back, the trees and rocks were all luxuriant: how did it look like a run-down house?--[[User:Liu Peiting|Liu Peiting]] ([[User talk:Liu Peiting|talk]]) 14:14, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘沛婷 Liú Pèitíng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081505==&lt;br /&gt;
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子兴笑道：“亏你是进士出身，原来不通。古人有言：‘百足之虫，死而不僵。’如今虽说不似先年那样兴盛，较之平常仕宦人家，到底气象不同。&lt;br /&gt;
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Zi Xing laughed and said, &amp;quot;You are a scholar but know nothing about its cause. There is an ancient saying: ‘old institutions die hard'. Now, though not as prosperous as in previous years, the atmosphere is different from that of ordinary officials.--[[User:Liu Peiting|Liu Peiting]] ([[User talk:Liu Peiting|talk]]) 14:09, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Zi Xing chuckled, &amp;quot;You are a scholar but know nothing about its cause. As a old saying goes, ‘old institutions die hard’. Now, though not as prosperous as before, the splendor is different from that of ordinary officials.--[[User:Liu Shengnan|Liu Shengnan]] ([[User talk:Liu Shengnan|talk]]) 10:51, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘胜楠 Liú Shèngnán 翻译学 女 202120081506==&lt;br /&gt;
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如今生齿日繁，事务日盛，主仆上下都是安富尊荣，运筹谋画的竟无一个；那日用排场，又不能将就省俭。如今外面的架子虽没很倒，内囊却也尽上来了。这也是小事。&lt;br /&gt;
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Their family members are growing, their commitments are increasing, and both masters and servants are used to lavishly controlling it. However no one thinks of the future. They squander money every day and can't save at all. On the surface, they look as noble as before, but their wallets are almost empty. However, this is not their biggest trouble.--[[User:Liu Shengnan|Liu Shengnan]] ([[User talk:Liu Shengnan|talk]]) 10:46, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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In Jia Mansion, there are many people to bring up, and household duties are getting more and more day by day. Masters and servants, from top to bottom, enjoy glory and wealth but no one to plan. They squander money every day and can't save at all. Although they still extravagant on the surface as ever, their wallets are almost empty. and this is not counted the biggest trouble.     --[[User:Liu Wei|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei|talk]]) 12:47, 8 December 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘薇 Liú Wēi 国别 女 202120081507==&lt;br /&gt;
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更有一件大事：谁知这样钟鸣鼎食的人家儿，如今养的儿孙，竟一代不如一代了。”雨村听说，也道：“这样诗礼之家，岂有不善教育之理？别门不知，只说这宁、荣两宅，是最教子有方的，何至如此？”&lt;br /&gt;
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There is one more important event: Who knows that the children of such a luxurious family, the children and grandchildren are not as good as previous generations.&amp;quot; When Yucun heard about it, he also said: &amp;quot;Is there any reason for such a family who always study and pay attention to ethics for generations is bad at education? Although I don't know the situation of other families, it is said that Ning and Rong are the most skillful in teaching children. How did they get to such a situation ? &amp;quot;     --[[User:Liu Wei|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei|talk]]) 15:37, 7 December 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei&lt;br /&gt;
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That's not the worst thing. Who will know that the children of such a noble clan can be inferior to the last.&amp;quot; Hearing about that, Yucun replied:&amp;quot;a family so cultures and versed in etiquette doesn't know the importance of education? Although I don't know other families, I've always heard that these two houses take great efforts to educate their children. How did they fall to such a situation?&amp;quot;--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 12:45, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘晓 Liú Xiǎo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081508==&lt;br /&gt;
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子兴叹道：“正说的是这两门呢！等我告诉你：当日宁国公是一母同胞弟兄两个。宁公居长，生了两个儿子。宁公死后，长子贾代化袭了官，也养了两个儿子：长子贾敷，八九岁上死了；&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;It's these two houses I'm talking about!&amp;quot; Zixing signed, &amp;quot;Just let me tell you: the Duke of Ningguo and the Duke of Rongguo were brothers by the same mother. The Duke of Ningguo, the elder, had two sons, and after his death, his oldest son, Jia daihua, succeeded the title. The elder one of his two sons, Jia Fu, died at the age of eight or nine.--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 05:14, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘越 Liú Yuè 亚非语言文学 女 202120081509==&lt;br /&gt;
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只剩了一个次子贾敬，袭了官，如今一味好道，只爱烧丹炼汞，别事一概不管。幸而早年留下一个儿子，名唤贾珍，因他父亲一心想作神仙，把官倒让他袭了。&lt;br /&gt;
Only his second son, Jia Jing, succeeded him as the official. Now he devoted himself only to Taoism and alchemy, and did nothing else. Fortunately, in his early years, he had left a son named Jia Zhen, for his father had set his heart on becoming a fairy, so he succeeded to the official.  --[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 07:30, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘运心 Liú Yùnxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081510==&lt;br /&gt;
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他父亲又不肯住在家里，只在都中城外，和那些道士们胡羼。这位珍爷也生了一个儿子，今年才十六岁，名叫贾蓉。如今敬老爷不管事了。&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗安怡 Luó Ānyí 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081511==&lt;br /&gt;
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这珍爷那里干正事，只一味高乐不了，把那宁国府竟翻过来了，也没有敢来管他的人。再说荣府你听，方才所说异事就出在这里。&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗曦 Luó Xī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081512==&lt;br /&gt;
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自荣公死后，长子贾代善袭了官，娶的是金陵世家史侯的小姐为妻。生了两个儿子：长名贾赦，次名贾政。如今代善早已去世，太夫人尚在。&lt;br /&gt;
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Since the death of Lord Rong（Jia Yuan), the elder son Jia Daishan inherited the official title and married Shi Hou’s daughter from an aristocratic family in Jinling  as his wife. They had two children: the elder son named Jia She, and the second named Jia Zheng. Today Daishan has long passed away, and his wife is still alive.--[[User:Ma Xin|Ma Xin]] ([[User talk:Ma Xin|talk]]) 02:02, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==马新 Mǎ Xīn 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081513==&lt;br /&gt;
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长子贾赦袭了官，为人却也中平，也不管理家事。惟有次子贾政，自幼酷喜读书，为人端方正直。祖父锺爱，原要他从科甲出身。&lt;br /&gt;
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The eldest son, Jia She, inherited the official position from his ancestors but  he was not top-notch and did not manage the family affairs as well. Only his second son, Jia Zheng, loved to read since childhood and was a man of upright. His grandfather (Jia Yuan) like him the most and originally planed to let him take the imperial examination before becoming an official.--[[User:Ma Xin|Ma Xin]] ([[User talk:Ma Xin|talk]]) 08:02, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Their elder son Jia She inherited the official title; he was moderate and often remained neutral, and did not manage the family affairs. Only the younger son, Jia Zheng, was fond of studying as a child and was a man of upright so that he was his grandfather’s (Jia Yuan) favorite, and he hoped to make a career for himself through the imperial examinations. --[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 09:05, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛雅文 Máo Yǎwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081514==&lt;br /&gt;
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不料代善临终遗本一上，皇上怜念先臣，即叫长子袭了官；又问还有几个儿子，立刻引见，又将这政老爷赐了个额外主事职衔，叫他入部习学，如今现已升了员外郎。&lt;br /&gt;
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Unexpectedly, when Jia Daishan died, he left a valedictory memorial, and the Emperor, out of memory and regard for his former minister, not only conferred the official title on his elder son but also asked what other sons there were and ordered them to be introduced to the palace immediately. The Emperor also bestowed the rank of Assistant Secretary on Jia Zheng, and as an additional favor gave him instructions to familiarize himself with affairs in one of the ministries. He has now risen to the rank of Under-Secretary. --[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 08:40, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛优 Máo Yōu 俄语语言文学 女 202120081515==&lt;br /&gt;
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这政老爷的夫人王氏，头胎生的公子名叫贾珠，十四岁进学，后来娶了妻，生了子，不到二十岁，一病就死了。第二胎生了一位小姐，生在大年初一，就奇了。&lt;br /&gt;
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Mrs. Wang --- the wife of Lord Zheng. Their first child was a son named Jia Zhu, who entered school at the age of fourteen, then married and gave birth to a son, who died of an illness before the age of twenty. The second child was a young girl, born on the first day of the year. It was very surprising.--[[User:Mao You|Mao You]] ([[User talk:Mao You|talk]]) 08:45, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Mrs. Wang --- the wife of Lord Zheng give birth to her first child a boy named Jia Zhu, who entered school at the age of fourteen, then married and got  a son. But Jia Zhu died of an illness before the age of twenty. The couple’s second child was a girl born on the first day of the year, which was surprising.--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 06:32, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==牟一心 Móu Yīxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081516==&lt;br /&gt;
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不想隔了十几年，又生了一位公子，说来更奇：一落胞胎，嘴里便衔下一块五彩晶莹的玉来，还有许多字迹。你道是新闻不是？”&lt;br /&gt;
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Surprisingly, Mrs Wang gave birth to a boy after more than ten years and it is even strange that the boy was born with a piece of colorful and sparkling crystal with handwritings in his mouth. Isn’t it news?--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 06:25, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Surprisingly, after an interval of more than ten years, Mrs Wang gave birth to another male child, and even more miraculously, the boy was born with a piece of colorful and sparkling crystal with handwritings in his mouth. Isn’t it news?--[[User:Peng Ruixue|Peng Ruixue]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruixue|talk]]) 09:22, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==彭瑞雪 Péng Ruìxuě 法语语言文学 女 202120081517==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村笑道：“果然奇异。只怕这人的来历不小。”子兴冷笑道：“万人都这样说，因而他祖母爱如珍宝。那年周岁时，政老爷试他将来的志向，便将世上所有的东西摆了无数叫他抓。&lt;br /&gt;
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Yu Cun laughed, &amp;quot;It's really strange. I'm afraid this man has a lot of history.&amp;quot; Zi Xing laughed coldly and said, &amp;quot;Everyone says so, so his grandmother loves him like a treasure. That year, when he was one year old, Mr. Zheng tested his future aspirations, so he laid out countless things in the world for him to grab.--[[User:Peng Ruixue|Peng Ruixue]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruixue|talk]]) 09:17, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Yu Cun laughed, &amp;quot;It's really strange. I'm afraid this man has a lot of fame&amp;quot; Zi Xing laughed ruthlessly and said, &amp;quot;Everyone says like this, so his grandmother loves him like a treasure. When Jia Baoyu was one year old, Mr. Zheng wanted to test his future aspirations, so he laid out countless things in the world for him to grab.--[[User:Qing Jianan|Qing Jianan]] ([[User talk:Qing Jianan|talk]]) 09:46, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==秦建安 Qín Jiànān 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081518==&lt;br /&gt;
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谁知他一概不取，伸手只把些脂粉钗环抓来玩弄。那政老爷便不喜欢，说将来不过酒色之徒，因此不甚爱惜。独那太君还是命根子一般。说&lt;br /&gt;
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But he didn't catch anything, only reach his hand for some powder,hairpin and ring to play. Mr.Zheng was not satisfied with his action,and thought him as a gambler in the future.Therefore, Mr,Zheng didn't show his preference toward Jia Baoyu,but that old women still regarded him as her treature,and said:--[[User:Qing Jianan|Qing Jianan]] ([[User talk:Qing Jianan|talk]]) 10:01, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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However, he did not take any of them, but only reached his hands out for some powders, hairpins and rings to play with. That action did not please  sir Zheng at all, what’s more, sir Zheng said he would be only a voluptuary in the future. Therefore, sir Zheng did not particularly cherish Baoyu, however, lady dowager still loved him as if he was the most preciou treasure.--[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 05:28, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邱婷婷 Qiū Tíngtíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081519==&lt;br /&gt;
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说来又奇：如今长了十来岁，虽然淘气异常，但聪明乖觉，百个不及他一个。说起孩子话来也奇，他说：‘女儿是水做的骨肉，男子是泥做的骨肉。我见了女儿便清爽，见了男子便觉浊臭逼人。’&lt;br /&gt;
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Strange to say: now he is ten years old, abnormally naughty , but smart and clever, even better than one hundred other children of his age. What he says is also very odd. Once he said, ‘Girls are made of water, men of mud. He will feel debonaire when  he see girls, but when he see men, what he can feel is only squalidness.’--[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 02:34, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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It's strange to notice that now he is ten years more older, abnormally naughty , but smart and clever, even better than one hundred other children of his age. What he says is also very odd. Once he said, &amp;quot;Girls are made of water, men of mud. I qwill feel debonaire when I see girls, but when I see men, what I can feel is only squalidness.&amp;quot;--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 13:18, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==饶金盈 Ráo Jīnyíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081520==&lt;br /&gt;
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你道好笑不好笑？将来色鬼无疑了。”雨村罕然厉色道：“非也。可惜你们不知道这人的来历，大约政老前辈也错以淫魔色鬼看待了。&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;Don't you think it's ridiculous? He or she will be a lecher in the future undoubtedly.&amp;quot; Jia Yucun said with a serious look: &amp;quot;Not true. Unfortunately, you do not know the identity of this person, may be the old senior Jia Zheng may also wrongly regard him or her as a lewd.&amp;quot;--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 13:14, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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“Have you realized the facetiosity of it? He or she will be beyond all doubt a lecher.” Yucun said with stern countenance: “ it is absolutely not the truth. It is a pity that you are insensible of the background of this person and the senior Zheng may also mistakenly regarded him or her as a lewd demon”.--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 00:59, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==石丽青 Shí Lìqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081521==&lt;br /&gt;
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若非多读书识事，加以致知格物之功、悟道参玄之力者，不能知也。”子兴见他说得这样重大，忙请教其故。雨村道：“天地生人，除大仁大恶，馀者皆无大异。&lt;br /&gt;
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If someone was not well-read, knowledge-inquiring and truth-enlightening, he or she would be ignorant of it. Zixing believed that Yucun took it so seriously that he was bursting with impatience to make clear the reasons within it. Yucun asserted: “the universe gives birth to mankind that boasts no differences except the benevolent and the evil.--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 00:36, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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If someone was not well-read, knowledge-inquired and truth-enlightened, he or she would be ignorant.After seeing that Yucun took it so seriously, Zixing couldn't wait to ask him the reasons.Yucun asserted: “The universe gives birth to mankind that boasts no differences except the benevolent and the evil.&amp;quot;--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 09:24, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==孙雅诗 Sūn Yǎshī 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081522==&lt;br /&gt;
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若大仁者则应运而生，大恶者则应劫而生；运生世治，劫生世危。尧、舜、禹、汤、文、武、周、召、孔、孟、董、韩、周、程、朱、张，皆应运而生者；&lt;br /&gt;
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The great benevolence was born in the time of good fortune,the great evil was born in the time of bad fortune. The former was benefit to the world,the latter was harmful to the world.Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu, Zhou, Zhao, Kong, Meng, Dong, Han, Zhou, Cheng, Zhu, Zhang, were all born at the historic moment of good fortune；--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 09:20, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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If the great benevolence emerged as the times demanded, the great evil was born emerged as the calamity demanded. The former was beneficial to the world, while the latter was harmful to the world. Yao, Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu, Zhou, Zhao, Kong, Meng, Dong, Han, Zhou, Cheng, Zhu, Zhang, all born emerged as the times demanded.--[[User:Wang Lifei|Wang Lifei]] ([[User talk:Wang Lifei|talk]]) 12:57, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王李菲 Wáng Lǐfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081523==&lt;br /&gt;
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蚩尤、共工、桀、纣、始皇、王莽、曹操、桓温、安禄山、秦桧等，皆应劫而生者。大仁者修治天下，大恶者扰乱天下。清明灵秀，天地之正气，仁者之所秉也；残忍乖僻，天地之邪气，恶者之所秉也。&lt;br /&gt;
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Chiyou, Gonggong, Jie, Zhou, Shi Huang, Wang Mang, Cao Cao, Huan Wen, An Lushan, and Qin Hui all emerged as the calamity demanded. Great benevolence governs the world, great evil disturbs the world. Be sober-minded and full of ingenuity, absorbing the righteousness of heaven and earth are the characteristics of merciful men; on the contrary, be cruel and eccentric, absorbing the evil of heaven and earth, are the characteristics of wicked men.--[[User:Wang Lifei|Wang Lifei]] ([[User talk:Wang Lifei|talk]]) 12:41, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Chi You, Gong Gong, Jie, Zhou, Shi Huang, Wang Mang, Cao Cao, Huan Wen, An Lushan and Qin Hui were all born in response to the tribulation. Those who are benevolent cultivate and rule the world, while those who are evil disturb the world. The clear, bright, spiritual and beautiful, the righteousness of heaven and earth, is held by the benevolent; the cruel and perverse, the evil of heaven and earth, is held by the evil.--[[User:Wang Yifan21|Wang Yifan21]] ([[User talk:Wang Yifan21|talk]]) 06:46, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王逸凡 Wáng Yìfán 亚非语言文学 女 202120081524==&lt;br /&gt;
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今当祚永运隆之日，太平无为之世，清明灵秀之气所秉者，上自朝廷，下至草野，比比皆是。所馀之秀气漫无所归，遂为甘露，为和风，洽然溉及四海。&lt;br /&gt;
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In this day of eternal prosperity and peace and inaction, there are many people from the imperial court to the grasses who have been blessed with a clear, bright and spiritual spirit. The remainder of the spirit has no place to return to, so it has become a sweet dew and a harmonious breeze, which has irrigated the four seas.--[[User:Wang Yifan21|Wang Yifan21]] ([[User talk:Wang Yifan21|talk]]) 13:40, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王镇隆 Wáng Zhènlóng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 男 202120081525==&lt;br /&gt;
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彼残忍乖邪之气，不能荡溢于光天化日之下，遂凝结充塞于深沟大壑之中。偶因风荡，或被云摧，略有摇动感发之意，一丝半缕误而逸出者，值灵秀之气适过，正不容邪，邪复妒正，两不相下；&lt;br /&gt;
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==卫怡雯 Wèi Yíwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081526==&lt;br /&gt;
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如风水雷电地中既遇，既不能消，又不能让，必致搏击掀发。既然发泄，那邪气亦必赋之于人。假使或男或女偶秉此气而生者，上则不能为仁人为君子，下亦不能为大凶大恶。&lt;br /&gt;
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Like the wind, water, thunder, lightning meeting each other on the ground, they can neither disappear nor yield, and must fight against and turn over each other. Once it lets off, people will be endowed with evil influence. If men and women were both born on this air by accident, they cannot be up to benevolent gentlemen or down to villains.--[[User:Wei Yiwen|Wei Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Wei Yiwen|talk]]) 12:59, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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If wind, water, thunder, lightning meet each other on the ground, they can neither disappear nor yield, and must fight against and turn over each other. Once the evil air is let off, people will be endowed with it. If men or women are born with this air by accident, they cannot be up to benevolent gentlemen or down to extremely vicious villains.&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏楚璇 Wèi Chǔxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081527==&lt;br /&gt;
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置之千万人之中，其聪俊灵秀之气，则在千万人之上；其乖僻邪谬不近人情之态，又在千万人之下。若生于公侯富贵之家，则为情痴情种；若生于诗书清贫之族，则为逸士高人；纵然生于薄祚寒门，甚至为奇优，为名娼，亦断不至为走卒健仆，甘遭庸夫驱制。&lt;br /&gt;
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This kind of persons are usually outstanding. Their intelligence and beauty are above thousands of people. And their crankiness and indifference are below them. If they are born in a wealthy royal family, they will be persons of constant love. If they are born in a poor family of intellectual, they will become hermits with extraordinary wisdom. Even though if they are unfortunately born in a humble family, men will be excellent actors and women will be famous prostitutes rather than being  servants who have to be used by ordinary people.&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏兆妍 Wèi Zhàoyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081528==&lt;br /&gt;
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如前之许由、陶潜、阮籍、嵇康、刘伶、王谢二族、顾虎头、陈后主、唐明皇、宋徽宗、刘庭芝、温飞卿、米南宫、石曼卿、柳耆卿、秦少游，近日倪云林、唐伯虎、祝枝山，再如李龟年、黄幡绰、敬新磨、卓文君、红拂、薛涛、崔莺、朝云之流：此皆易地则同之人也。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Such as the previous generation Xuyou, Taoqian, Ruanji, Jikang, Liuling, the Wang and Xie families, Gu Kaizhi, Chen Shubao, emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty, Liu Tingzhi, Wen Feiqing, Mi Nangong, Shi Manqing, Liu Qiqing, Qin Shaoyou, and the current generation Ni Yunlin, Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, or the generation like Li Guinian, Huang Fanchuo, Jing Xinmo, Zhuo Wenjun, Hongfu, Xuetao, Cuiying, Zhaoyun: they are the kind of people born when the rectitude and the evil spirits fight each other. This kind of people has both the rectitude and the evil spirits.--[[User:Wei Zhaoyan|Wei Zhaoyan]] ([[User talk:Wei Zhaoyan|talk]]) 11:37, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Like the previous generation: Xuyou, Taoqian, Ruanji, Jikang, Liuling, the Wang and Xie families, Gu Kaizhi, Chen Shubao, emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty, Liu Tingzhi, Wen Feiqing, Mi Nangong, Shi Manqing, Liu Qiqing, Qin Shaoyou, and the current generation Ni Yunlin, Tang Bohu, Zhu Zhishan, or the generation like Li Guinian, Huang Fanchuo, Jing Xinmo, Zhuo Wenjun, Hongfu, Xuetao, Cuiying, Zhaoyun. Though this kind of people didn’t live in the same period of time, didn’t have the same experience, they had the same ambition.--[[User:Wu Jingyue|Wu Jingyue]] ([[User talk:Wu Jingyue|talk]]) 13:58, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴婧悦 Wú Jìngyuè 俄语语言文学 女 202120081529==&lt;br /&gt;
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子兴道：“依你说，成则公侯败则贼了？”雨村道：“正是这意。你还不知，我自革职以来，这两年遍游各省，也曾遇见两个异样孩子，所以方才你一说这宝玉，我就猜着了八九也是这一派人物。&lt;br /&gt;
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Zixing said: “ As you said, the winner will be the duke, and the loser will be the traitor?” Yucun said: “ This is what I was talking about. You didn’t know, that since I was removed from the position, I traveled around all the provinces, and also met some unusual boys, so when you just talked about Baoyu, I guessed that he was such a boy, too.--[[User:Wu Jingyue|Wu Jingyue]] ([[User talk:Wu Jingyue|talk]]) 13:52, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
Zixing said, &amp;quot;according to you, if you become a duke, if you lose, you will become a thief.&amp;quot; Yucun said, &amp;quot;that's exactly what you mean. You don't know that I have traveled all over the provinces in the past two years since I was dismissed. I have met two different children, so I guessed that 89 is also a figure of this school.&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴映红 Wú Yìnghóng 日语语言文学 女 202120081530==&lt;br /&gt;
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不用远说，只这金陵城内钦差金陵省体仁院总裁甄家，你可知道？”子兴道：“谁人不知，这甄府就是贾府老亲，他们两家来往极亲热的。就是我也和他家往来非止一日了。”&lt;br /&gt;
Needless to say, it's only Zhen Jia, President of Jinling Provincial Institute of physical benevolence, who is an imperial envoy in Jinling City. Do you know? &amp;quot; Zixing said, &amp;quot;no one knows that Zhen's house is the old relative of Jia's house. Their two families are very friendly. Even I have been with him for a long time.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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==肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村笑道：“去岁我在金陵，也曾有人荐我到甄府处馆。我进去看其光景，谁知他家那等荣贵，却是个富而好礼之家，倒是个难得之馆。但是这个学生虽是启蒙，却比一个举业的还劳神。&lt;br /&gt;
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Yu Cun smiled and said:”When I was in Jinling last year, someone recommended me to teach at Zhenfu. After I went there, I realized that his family is so prosperous and rich, but they also advocate etiquette, which is very rare. Although this student is a beginner, he is more serious than the examinee who wants to take the scientific examination.”--[[User:Xiao Yiyao|Xiao Yiyao]] ([[User talk:Xiao Yiyao|talk]]) 06:45, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Yu Cun smiled and said:”When I was in Jinling last year, someone recommended me to teach at Zhen Mansion. After I went there, I realized that his family is so prosperous and rich, but they also advocate etiquette, which is very rare. Although this student is a beginner, he is more serious than the examinee who wants to take the imperial examination.”&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532==&lt;br /&gt;
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说起来更可笑，他说：‘必得两个女儿陪着我读书，我方能认得字，心上也明白；不然，我心里自己糊涂。’又常对着跟他的小厮们说：‘这“女儿”两个字极尊贵极清净的，比那瑞兽珍禽、奇花异草更觉稀罕尊贵呢。&lt;br /&gt;
Even it is more ridiculous when he said: &amp;quot;I must have two daughters to accompany me to study, so that I can recognize words and understand them in my heart; Otherwise, I will be confused. &amp;quot; He often said to his pageboys: &amp;quot;the word&amp;quot; daughter &amp;quot;is very noble and pure, which is more rare and noble than the auspicious animals, rare birds and exotic flowers and plants.&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢庆琳 Xiè Qìnglín 俄语语言文学 女 202120081533==&lt;br /&gt;
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你们这种浊口臭舌，万万不可唐突了这两个字，要紧，要紧！但凡要说的时节，必用净水香茶漱了口方可；设若失错，便要凿牙穿眼的。’其暴虐顽劣，种种异常。&lt;br /&gt;
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==熊敏 Xióng Mǐn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081534==&lt;br /&gt;
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只放了学进去，见了那些女儿们，其温厚和平，聪敏文雅，竟变了一个样子。因此，他令尊也曾下死笞楚过几次，竟不能改。每打的吃疼不过时，他便姐姐妹妹的乱叫起来。&lt;br /&gt;
After class, he saw those daughters, who were gentle, tranquil and clever looking different. Therefore, his father was also beaten for several times. Everytime he was beaten to death, he screamed sisters' names.&lt;br /&gt;
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==徐敏赟 Xú Mǐnyūn 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 男 202120081535==&lt;br /&gt;
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后来听得里面女儿们拿他取笑：‘因何打急了，只管叫姐妹作什么？莫不叫姐妹们去讨情讨饶？你岂不愧些？’他回答的最妙，他说：‘急痛之时，只叫姐姐妹妹字样，或可解疼，也未可知，因叫了一声，果觉疼得好些。&lt;br /&gt;
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Then he heard his daughters make fun of him: ‘Why do you call a sister when you are in pain? Why not let them beg for forgiveness? Aren't you ashamed?’ He answered it best, saying, ‘In a time of acute pain, if I call the sister's names, which may relieve the pain or not. However, I do felt the pain lessened a little when I called their names'.--[[User:Xu Minyun|Xu Minyun]] ([[User talk:Xu Minyun|talk]]) 13:45, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Then he heard his daughters make fun of him: &amp;quot;Why do you call sisters when you are in pain? Do you want to let them beg for forgiveness? Aren't you ashamed?&amp;quot; He answered it best, saying, &amp;quot;In a time of acute pain, if I call the sisters, which may relieve the pain or not. However, I do felt the pain lessened a little when I called them&amp;quot;.--[[User:Yan Jing|Yan Jing]] ([[User talk:Yan Jing|talk]]) 00:34, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜静 Yán Jìng 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 女 202120081536==&lt;br /&gt;
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遂得了秘法，每疼痛之极，便连叫姐妹起来了。’你说可笑不可笑？为他祖母溺爱不明，每因孙辱师责子，我所以辞了馆出来的。这等子弟，必不能守祖、父基业，从师友规劝的。只可惜他家几个好姊妹都是少有的。”&lt;br /&gt;
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So he got the secret method, and every time he felt the pain, he called his sisters. &amp;quot; Do you also feel ridiculous? And his grandmother doted on him so deeply that I as his teacher was usually insulted and blamed. So I resigned from there. The children like him would not be able to keep the inheritance of their ancestors and follow the advice of their teachers and friends. But it's a pity becasue several sisters in his family are rarely good. &amp;quot;--[[User:Yan Jing|Yan Jing]] ([[User talk:Yan Jing|talk]]) 00:52, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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And his grandmother doted on him so deeply that I was usually insulted and blamed as his teacher. Such child like him would not be able to keep the inheritance of their ancestors and follow the advice of their teachers and friends.&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜莉莉 Yán Lìlì 国别 女 202120081537==&lt;br /&gt;
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子兴道：“便是贾府中现在三个也不错。政老爷的长女名元春，因贤孝才德，选入宫作女史去了。二小姐乃是赦老爷姨娘所出，名迎春；三小姐政老爷庶出，名探春；四小姐乃宁府珍爷的胞妹，名惜春：&lt;br /&gt;
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Zi Xing said, &amp;quot;The three girls in Jia's mansion are not bad either. Jia Zheng's eldest daughter was named Yuanchun. Because of her virtue and filial piety, she was chosen to be a female historian in the court. The second lady was born to Jia He'concubine, her name was Yingchun; The third lady was born to Jia Zheng's concubine and was named Tanchun. The fourth lady is the sister of Jia Zhen in Ning' mansion, named Xichun:&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜子涵 Yán Zǐhán 国别 女 202120081538==&lt;br /&gt;
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因史老夫人极爱孙女，都跟在祖母这边，一处读书，听得个个不错。”雨村道：“更妙在甄家风俗：女儿之名，亦皆从男子之名；不似别人家里，另外用这些‘春’、‘红’、‘香’、‘玉’等艳字。&lt;br /&gt;
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==阳佳颖 Yáng Jiāyǐng 国别 女 202120081540==&lt;br /&gt;
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何得贾府亦落此俗套？”子兴道：“不然。只因现今大小姐是正月初一所生，故名元春，馀者都从了‘春’字；上一排的却也是从弟兄而来的。现有对证：目今你贵东家林公的夫人，即荣府中赦、政二公的胞妹，在家时名字唤贾敏。&lt;br /&gt;
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But how is it that the Jia family have likewise fallen into this convention？&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Not so！&amp;quot; said Zixing. &amp;quot;It is simply because the eldest daughter was born on the first day of the first month，that she was called Yuan Chun；And the rest followed Chun in their names. But the names of the last generation are adopted from those of their brothers；and there is at present an instance in support of this. The wife of your respected employer，Mr. Lin，is the sister of Mr.Jia She and Mr.Jia Zheng，and while at home,she was named Jia Min. --[[User:Yang Jiaying|Yang Jiaying]] ([[User talk:Yang Jiaying|talk]]) 15:54, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨爱江 Yáng Àijiāng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081541==&lt;br /&gt;
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不信时你回去细访可知。”雨村拍手笑道：“是极。我这女学生名叫黛玉，他读书凡‘敏’字，他皆念作‘密’字；写字遇着‘敏’字，亦减一二笔。我心中每每疑惑，今听你说，是为此无疑矣。&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨堃 Yáng Kūn 法语语言文学 女 202120081542==&lt;br /&gt;
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怪道我这女学生言语举止另是一样，不与凡女子相同，度其母不凡，故生此女。今知为荣府之外孙，又不足罕矣。可惜上月其母竟亡故了。”子兴叹道：“老姊妹三个，这是极小的，又没了；&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨柳青 Yáng Liǔqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081543==&lt;br /&gt;
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长一辈的姊妹，一个也没了。只看这小一辈的将来的东床何如呢。”雨村道：“正是。方才说政公已有一个衔玉之子，又有长子所遗弱孙，这赦老竟无一个不成？”&lt;br /&gt;
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There are no elder sisters. Then we just look forward to the younger generation’s son-in-laws. Jia Yucun says: That’s it. I have just heard that Jia Zheng has a son, Prescious Jade Merchant who is born with a jade. And he has a grandson who is his eldest son’s child. Doesn’t Jia She have any children?--[[User:Yang Liuqing|Yang Liuqing]] ([[User talk:Yang Liuqing|talk]]) 07:09, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==叶维杰 Yè Wéijié 国别 男 202120081544==&lt;br /&gt;
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子兴道：“政公既有玉儿之后，其妾又生了一个，倒不知其好歹。只眼前现有二子一孙，却不知将来何如。若问那赦老爷，也有一子，名叫贾琏，今已二十多岁了，亲上做亲，娶的是政老爷夫人王氏内侄女，今已娶了四五年。&lt;br /&gt;
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Zi Xing says:“After Master Zheng had Yu er, his concubine gave birth to another child, don't know whether it is good or bad. Right now they already have two children and a grandson, but not knowing what should do in the future. Master Xie also has a son named Jia Lian, who is about 20 years old now. Jia Lian married Master Zheng's wife Wang's niece, it was an intermarry between their families, and it's been five years now.”&lt;br /&gt;
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==易扬帆 Yì Yángfān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081545==&lt;br /&gt;
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这位琏爷身上现捐了个同知，也是不喜正务的；于世路上好机变，言谈去得，所以目今只在乃叔政老爷家住，帮着料理家务。谁知自娶了这位奶奶之后，倒上下无人不称颂他的夫人，琏爷倒退了一舍之地：模样又极标致，言谈又爽利，心机又极深细，竟是个男人万不及一的。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷慧珍 Yīn Huìzhēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081546==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村听了，笑道：“可知我言不谬了。你我方才所说的这几个人，只怕都是那正邪两赋而来一路之人，未可知也。”子兴道：“正也罢，邪也罢，只顾算别人家的账，你也吃杯酒才好。”&lt;br /&gt;
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After hearing this, Yucun smiled and said, “now you know what I said is true. I’m afraid these people we just talked about are probably those who have the temperament of justice and evil.” Zixing said: “whether these people are just or evil, don't just talk about other people's gossip, and also remember to drink more.” --[[User:Yin Huizhen|Yin Huizhen]] ([[User talk:Yin Huizhen|talk]]) 08:36, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷美达 Yīn Měidá 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081547==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村道：“只顾说话，就多吃了几杯。”子兴笑道：“说着别人家的闲话，正好下酒，即多吃几杯何妨？”雨村向窗外看道：“天也晚了，仔细关了城，我们慢慢进城再谈，未为不可。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==尹媛 Yǐn Yuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081548==&lt;br /&gt;
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于是二人起身，算还酒钱。方欲走时，忽听得后面有人叫道：“雨村兄恭喜了！特来报个喜信的。”雨村忙回头看时……要知是谁，且听下回分解。&lt;br /&gt;
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So they got up and paid for the wine. When they was leaving, he heard someone calling behind: &amp;quot;Congratulations! My friend Yucun. Someone brings a lucky message to you.&amp;quot; Yucun looks back at once... Who is it? Please expect the next chapter--[[User:Yin Yuan|Yin Yuan]] ([[User talk:Yin Yuan|talk]]) 05:03, 5 December 2021 (UTC).&lt;br /&gt;
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==詹若萱 Zhān Ruòxuān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081549==&lt;br /&gt;
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外班──清代会试考取进士后，留在朝中任官者称“京官”，分发外地任地方官者称“外班”。因新官分发到地方后要候补，按班次任官，故称“外班”。​同寅皆侧目而视──同寅：即同僚。&lt;br /&gt;
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==张秋怡 Zhāng Qiūyí 亚非语言文学 女 202120081550==&lt;br /&gt;
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典出《尚书·虞书·皋陶谟》：“百僚师师，百工惟时……同寅协恭，和衷哉。”寅时是朝臣上朝之时，故称。 侧目而视：斜着眼看。语出《战国策·秦策一》：“(苏秦)将说楚王，路过洛阳。&lt;br /&gt;
Code out of &amp;quot;Shang Shu · Yu Shu · Gao Tao Mo&amp;quot; : &amp;quot;100 liao division division, 100 work but time...... Cooperate with Yin and be respectful and sincere.&amp;quot; Yin shi is the court when the court, so called. Sidelong: to look sideways. Su Qin will say that the king of Chu is passing by Luoyang.--[[User:Zhang Qiuyi|Zhang Qiuyi]] ([[User talk:Zhang Qiuyi|talk]]) 13:12, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The code is out of ''Shang Shu · Yu Shu · Gao Tao Mo'' : Numerous bureaucrats and teachers work only a hundred hours...... Cooperate with Yin and be respectful and sincere.&amp;quot; The Yin time is the court when raised, so it's called. Sidelook: to look sideways. From ''Warring States policy · Qin policy I'':&amp;quot; Su Qin will say that the king of Chu is passing by Luoyang.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zhang Yang|Zhang Yang]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yang|talk]]) 06:57, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张扬 Zhāng Yáng 国别 男 202120081551==&lt;br /&gt;
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父母闻之，清宫除道，张乐设饮，郊迎三十里；妻侧目而视，倾耳而听；嫂蛇行匍伏，四拜自跪而谢。”原表示敬畏。引申以表示愤怒或不齿。​&lt;br /&gt;
When his parents heard of it, they cleared the palace and cleaned the road. Zhang Le set up a repast and welcomed thirty miles away far from home. His wife looked sideways and listened attentively, and his sister-in-law crawled on her knees for thanks.&amp;quot; Originally it expressed awe. Extended to express anger or disdain.--[[User:Zhang Yang|Zhang Yang]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yang|talk]]) 06:53, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张怡然 Zhāng Yírán 俄语语言文学 女 202120081552==&lt;br /&gt;
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维扬──扬州(在今江苏省)的别称。大禹所划分的“九州”之一。典出《尚书·夏书·禹贡》：“淮海惟扬州。”“惟”通“维”。&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟义菲 Zhōng Yìfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081553==&lt;br /&gt;
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后人从“惟扬州”截取“惟扬”，又以“维”代“惟”，遂成“维扬”。如北朝周·庾信《哀江南赋》：“淮海维扬，三千馀里。”​探花──科举考试中殿试(最高一级考试)一甲第三名(第一名为状元，第二名为榜眼)。&lt;br /&gt;
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Later generations intercepted &amp;quot;Weiyang&amp;quot; from &amp;quot;weiyangzhou&amp;quot; and replaced &amp;quot;Weiyang&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;Wei&amp;quot;, so it became &amp;quot;Weiyang&amp;quot;. For example, Yuxin's Fu on mourning the south of the Yangtze River in the Northern Dynasty said, &amp;quot;the Huaihai sea is vast, more than 3000 miles.&amp;quot; Tanhua—the third place in the first grade of the palace examination (the highest level examination) (the first place is called Zhuangyuan and the second place is called Bangyan）--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 09:04, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Later generations intercepted &amp;quot;Weiyang&amp;quot; from &amp;quot;weiyangzhou&amp;quot; and replaced &amp;quot;Weiyang&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;Wei&amp;quot;, so it became &amp;quot;Weiyang&amp;quot;. For example, Yuxin's Poetic essay on mourning the south of the Yangtze River in the Northern Dynasty said, &amp;quot;the Weiyang city is vast, more than 3000 miles.&amp;quot; Tanhua—the third place in the first grade of the palace examination (the highest level examination) (the first place is called Zhuangyuan and the second place is called Bangyan)--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 09:15, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟雨露 Zhōng Yǔlù 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081554==&lt;br /&gt;
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本于唐代的“探花使”，亦称“探花郎”。唐·李淖《秦中岁时记》：“进士杏园初宴，谓之探花宴。差少俊二人为探花使，遍游名园，若它人先折花，二使皆被罚。”&lt;br /&gt;
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“Tan Huashi” in Tang Dynasty is also called “Tan Hualang”. Li Nao once wrote: “ The newly crowned scholars met in the Apricot Garden to feast with their peers who had been crowned in the same year. This banquet was known as the Flower Search Banquet. Two young and good-looking candidates were chosen to be the flower scouts, and they were asked to visit all the famous gardens and scout for flowers. If someone else took the flowers first, the two flower scouts would be punished with a drink.”--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 09:06, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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“Tan Huashi” in Tang Dynasty is also called “Tan Hualang”. Li Nao who lived in Tang Dynasty once wrote: “ The newly crowned scholars met in the Apricot Garden to feast with their peers who had been crowned in the same year. This banquet was known as the Flower Search Banquet. Two young and good-looking candidates were chosen to be the flower scouts, and they were asked to visit all the famous gardens and scout for flowers. If someone else took the flowers first, the two flower scouts would be punished with a drink.”--[[User:Zhou Jiu|Zhou Jiu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Jiu|talk]]) 01:09, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周玖 Zhōu Jiǔ 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081555==&lt;br /&gt;
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又宋·魏泰《东轩笔录》卷六：“进士及第后，例期集一月……又选最年少者二人为探花使，赋诗，世谓之探花郎。”​&lt;br /&gt;
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Wei Tai in Song Dynasty wrote that in his Dongxuan Bilu (Volume Six): “ In the imperial examination, after winning the imperial examination…… Two young scholars at the celebration were elected as Tanhua. And people named them Tanhua  boy .”--[[User:Zhou Jiu|Zhou Jiu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Jiu|talk]]) 09:19, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Wei Tai wrote in his ''Dongxuan Transcript'' (Volume Six) in Song Dynasty : “Participated in and passed the highest imperial examinations ... then the first two youngest scholars at the examination were chosen as Tanhua. And people named them Tanhua boy.”--[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 13:55, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周俊辉 Zhōu Jùnhuī 法语语言文学 女 202120081556==&lt;br /&gt;
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兰台寺大夫──指专管弹劾的御史。兰台是汉朝宫内藏书之所，由御史大夫主管，故后世将御史台别称“兰台”，将御史府别称“兰台寺”，将御史别称“兰台寺大夫”。​&lt;br /&gt;
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Censor of LanTai  - refers to imperial historian who is in charge of impeachment. LanTai  was the  place where the books were stored in the Palace of the Han Dynasty, and was in charge of the imperial historian. The institution where the imperial historian was later called “LanTai”,  the palace where the imperial historian lived was called “ LanTai Temple”, and the imperial historian was called “censor of LanTai” by later generations.--[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 13:41, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
Censor of LanTai - refers to imperial historian who is in charge of impeachment. LanTai was the place where the books were stored in the Palace of the Han Dynasty, and was in charge of the imperial historian. Accordimgly, the institution where the imperial historian was later called “LanTai” the palace where the imperial historian lived was called “ LanTai Temple”, and the imperial historian was called “censor of LanTai” by later generations.--[[User:Zhou Qiao1|Zhou Qiao1]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qiao1|talk]]) 06:46, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周巧 Zhōu Qiǎo 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081557==&lt;br /&gt;
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列侯──古代爵名。在秦称“彻侯”，为二十四级爵位中的最高一级。至汉代为避汉武帝刘彻之讳，改为“通侯”。“通”与“彻”同义，是改名不改义。“通侯”之意是表示受爵者功勋通于王室。&lt;br /&gt;
Marquis - Ancient Baron name. In Qin Dynasty, it was called &amp;quot;chehou&amp;quot;, which was the highest among twenty-four levels. In the Han Dynasty, in order to avoid the taboo of Liu Che, Emperor of the Han Dynasty, it was changed to &amp;quot;tonghou&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;Tong&amp;quot; is synonymous with &amp;quot;Che&amp;quot; in Chinese, in this way changing the name without changing the meaning. &amp;quot;Tong Hou&amp;quot; means that the recipient has done meritorious services to the royal family.--[[User:Zhou Qiao1|Zhou Qiao1]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qiao1|talk]]) 09:17, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周清 Zhōu Qīng 法语语言文学 女 202120081558==&lt;br /&gt;
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后又改为“列侯”，表示序列之意。见《汉书·高帝纪下》颜师古注。清代并无此爵，只是借指侯爵。清代爵位分公、侯、伯、子、男，侯爵为第二等。&lt;br /&gt;
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==周小雪 Zhōu Xiǎoxuě 日语语言文学 女 202120081559==&lt;br /&gt;
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膝下荒凉──意谓子女稀少，尤无儿子。 膝下：这里指子女。因幼儿多倚偎于父母膝旁，故称。《孝经·圣治》：“故亲生之膝下，以养父母日严。”唐玄宗注：“亲犹爱也，膝下谓孩童之时也。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Desolate at the knees means that there are few children, especially no sons. Under the Knee: it means children. The reason why children are called knee is that children often nestle to their parents' knees.''The Classic of Filial Piety·Shengzhi'' says &amp;quot;the feeling of affection grows up at parents’ knees. As children grow up, they become more and more respectful of their parents.&amp;quot; Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty noted: &amp;quot;Be close to your parents and love them. Under the knees is the time of a child.--[[User:Zhou Xiaoxue|Zhou Xiaoxue]] ([[User talk:Zhou Xiaoxue|talk]]) 05:48, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Desolate below the knee means that there are few children, especially no sons. Knee: it refers to children. The reason why children are called knee is that children mostly lean on their parents' knees. &amp;quot;The Book of Filial Piety·Shengzhi&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Therefore, the days of adoptive parents are strict under the knees of one's own birth.&amp;quot; Tang Xuanzong's note: &amp;quot;You are still in love with you, and under your knees is the time of a child.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zhu Suzhen|Zhu Suzhen]] ([[User talk:Zhu Suzhen|talk]]) 13:29, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==朱素珍 Zhū Sùzhēn 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081561==&lt;br /&gt;
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荒凉：形容因子女稀少而家庭显得清冷凄凉。西席──古人座次以右(西)为尊，故右席为宾客和塾师之位，坐西面东，故称幕宾和塾师为“西席”或“西宾”。&lt;br /&gt;
Desolate: It can be used to describe such a situation: a family becomes desolate because of the small number of children. West Seat ─ ─  the right seat was preferred by the ancients, therefore the right seat belonged to the guests and tutors. Besides, because they sit in the derection of west and face the direcyion of east, so the guests and tutors were called &amp;quot;west seats&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;west guests&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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Desolation: it describes the desolation of the family due to the scarcity of children. West Seat -- the ancients took the right (West) seat as the priority, so the right seat was the seat for guests and school teachers.and because they sit in the derection of west and face the direcyion of east.Therefore, it was called &amp;quot;west seats&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;West guests&amp;quot; for the guests and tutors.--[[User:Zou Yueli|Zou Yueli]] ([[User talk:Zou Yueli|talk]]) 02:19, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邹岳丽 Zōu Yuèlí 日语语言文学 女 202120081562==&lt;br /&gt;
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清·梁章钜《称谓录》卷八：“汉明帝尊桓荣以师礼，上幸太常府，令荣坐东面(坐西面东)，设几。故师曰西席。”这里指家庭教师。“身后”一联──身后有馀：是说馀年还很长(“身后”不可解作死后)。&lt;br /&gt;
Liang Zhangju, Qing Dynasty, wrote in Volume VIII of 《Appellation records》: &amp;quot;Emperor  Mingdi After respected Huan Rong and treated him with teacher courtesy. He once visited Taichang mansion in person, asked Huan Rong to sit in the East, set a table and a walking stick。Therefore, master said it was a seat in the West.&amp;quot; Here refers to a tutor.A couplet of &amp;quot;behind you&amp;quot; - there is surplus behind you: it means that the remaining years are still very long (&amp;quot;behind you&amp;quot; cannot be interpreted as after death).--[[User:Zou Yueli|Zou Yueli]] ([[User talk:Zou Yueli|talk]]) 14:23, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Nadia 202011080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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忘缩手：是说不肯收手，还要争名夺利。 &lt;br /&gt;
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==Mahzad Heydarian 玛莎 202021080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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无路：走投无路。此联是说世人大多只顾眼前，不顾将来，等到走投无路，后悔无及。​&lt;br /&gt;
No way: desperate. This association means that most people in the world only care about the present, regardless of the future, and wait until they are desperate and regret it. ​&lt;br /&gt;
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==Mariam toure 2020GBJ002301==&lt;br /&gt;
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刹──梵语音译省称，意译为佛塔的柱形尖顶，故又称“佛柱”。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Rouabah Soumaya 202121080001==&lt;br /&gt;
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引申为佛寺。贾复──东汉南阳冠军(今河南邓州市西北)人，累官至左将军，并封胶东侯。&lt;br /&gt;
Extended to Buddhist temple. HiJia Fu——A native of Nanyang Champion of the Eastern Han Dynasty (now northwest of Dengzhou City, Henan Province),he was tired from general to the left and sealed Donghou in Jiao.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Numan 202121080002==&lt;br /&gt;
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《后汉书》有传。姓贾的成千上万，贾雨村却只拉千年前的贾复为一家，足见其拉大旗作虎皮之势利小人肺肝。​There is a biography in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. There are thousands of people surnamed Jia, but Jia Yucun only manages Jia Fu from a thousand years ago. This shows that the Qiraji banner is a tiger skin.​&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Atta Ur Rahman|Atta Ur Rahman]] ([[User talk:Atta Ur Rahman|talk]]) 14:18, 6 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Atta Ur Rahman 202121080003==&lt;br /&gt;
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百足之虫，死而不僵——典出三国魏·曹冏《六代论》：&lt;br /&gt;
A hundred-footed worm does not die - an allusion to Cao Jon's &amp;quot;Six Dynasties&amp;quot; in the Three Kingdoms.&lt;br /&gt;
Note:百足之虫，至死不僵，读作 bǎi zú zhī chóng，zhì sǐ bù jiāng 。 It is used as a metaphor for a group or individual with strong power that will not easily collapse for a while. 百足：The name of a worm with a twenty-sectioned torso that can still wriggle after being severed.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Saqib Mehran 202121080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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“故语曰：‘百足之虫，死而不僵。’扶之者众也。”&lt;br /&gt;
The old saying goes:'Hundred-legged worms die but are not stiff.' There are many who support them.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:Example.jpg]]==Zohaib Chand 202121080005==&lt;br /&gt;
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比喻世家大族虽然衰败，因家底雄厚，依傍众多，表面上仍能维持繁荣景象。&lt;br /&gt;
It is a metaphor that despite the decline of the aristocratic family, because of the strong family background and numerous support, it can still maintain its prosperity on the surface.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Jawad Ahmad 202121080006==&lt;br /&gt;
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百足：虫名，即马陆。长约一寸，躯干由多节构成，每节有足一对或二对，切断后仍能蠕动。&lt;br /&gt;
English: Centipede, Insect name, arthropods. Length, around an inch, Body is composed of multiple sections, each section has one or two pairs of feet, after cutting still can squirm.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Nizam Uddin 202121080007==&lt;br /&gt;
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僵：倒下。​安富尊荣──语出《孟子·尽心上》：&lt;br /&gt;
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Stiff: fall down. ​Safety, wealth and honour──From the words &amp;quot;Mencius·All Your Heart&amp;quot;:&lt;br /&gt;
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==Öncü 202121080008==&lt;br /&gt;
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“君子居是国也，其君用之，则安富尊荣。”&lt;br /&gt;
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A gentleman can make people transform their morals, change their customs, Safeguard the country and protect its honor. --[[User:AkiraJantarat|AkiraJantarat]] ([[User talk:AkiraJantarat|talk]]) 13:55, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Akira Jantarat 202121080009==&lt;br /&gt;
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原意是君子因辅佐国君功勋卓著而享受荣华富贵。&lt;br /&gt;
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Agree to be a gentleman，because of the outstanding merits of supporting the monarch and enjoying the glory and wealth.--[[User:AkiraJantarat|AkiraJantarat]] ([[User talk:AkiraJantarat|talk]]) 13:58, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The original meaning was that gentlemen who made outstanding contributions to assist the monarch enjoyed glory and wealth. --[[User:Benjamin Wellsand|Benjamin Wellsand]] ([[User talk:Benjamin Wellsand|talk]]) 20:06, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Benjamin Wellsand 202111080118==&lt;br /&gt;
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这里反用其意，意谓不劳而获，安享荣华富贵。​&lt;br /&gt;
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The meaning is the opposite here, that for nothing one can enjoy prosperity and wealth.--[[User:Benjamin Wellsand|Benjamin Wellsand]] ([[User talk:Benjamin Wellsand|talk]]) 20:02, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The meaning is reversed here, which means to enjoy prosperity and wealth for nothing. --[[User:Asep Budiman|Asep Budiman]] ([[User talk:Asep Budiman|talk]]) 07:22, 7 December 2021 (UTC) ​&lt;br /&gt;
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==Asep Budiman 202111080020==&lt;br /&gt;
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钟鸣鼎食——语出唐·王勃《滕王阁序》：“闾阎扑地，钟鸣鼎食之家。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Zhongming Ding Shi-Quoting Tang Wang Bo's &amp;quot;Preface to the Pavilion of the King of Teng&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Lu Yan, the home of Zhong Ming Ding Shi.&amp;quot; --[[User:Asep Budiman|Asep Budiman]] ([[User talk:Asep Budiman|talk]]) 07:24, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Zhongming Ding Shi-Speech by Tang Wang Bo &amp;quot;Preface to the Pavilion of the King of Teng&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Lu Yan rushes to the ground, the home of Zhongming Ding Shi.&amp;quot; -Ei Mon Kyaw-[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 09:47, 7 December 2021 (UTC)--[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 09:47, 7 December 2021 (UTC)Ei Mon Kyaw&lt;br /&gt;
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==Ei Mon Kyaw 202111080021==&lt;br /&gt;
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古代贵族鸣钟列鼎而食。这里借以形容富贵豪华。&lt;br /&gt;
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The nobles in ancient times sang bells and set out to eat. Here it is used to describe the wealth and luxury.--[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 09:56, 7 December 2021 (UTC)Ei Mon Kyaw--------Ei Mon Kyaw-[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 09:56, 7 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
The ancient nobles rang the bells and set out to eat. To describe wealth and luxury. --[[User:Mahzad Heydarian|Mahzad Heydarian]] ([[User talk:Mahzad Heydarian|talk]]) 07:09, 8 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_Trans_EN_9&amp;diff=130046</id>
		<title>Machine Trans EN 9</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_Trans_EN_9&amp;diff=130046"/>
		<updated>2021-12-08T11:35:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
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30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''9 谢佳芬（人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译）'''&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of information technology, many industries are facing the competitive pressure of artificial intelligence, and so is the field of translation. Artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and combined with the field of translation，which has brought great impact and changes to traditional translation, but artificial intelligence translation and artificial translation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Artificial translation is in the leading position in adapting to human language logical habits and understanding characteristics, but in terms of translation threshold and economic value, the efficiency of artificial intelligence translation is even better. In a word, we need to know that machine translation and human translation are complementary rather than antagonistic.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Key Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Artificial Translation; Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
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===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译&lt;br /&gt;
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===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
伴随着信息技术的不断发展，多个行业面临着人工智能的竞争压力，翻译领域也是如此。人工智能技术快速发展并与翻译领域结合，人工智能翻译给传统翻译带来了巨大的冲击和变革，但人工智能翻译与人工翻译存在着各自的优劣特点和发展空间，在适应人类语言逻辑习惯和理解特点的翻译效果上，人工翻译处于领先地位，但在翻译门槛和经济价值上，人工智能翻译的效率则更胜一筹。总的来说，我们要知道机器翻译与人工翻译是互补而非对立的关系。&lt;br /&gt;
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===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译;人工翻译;人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
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===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
====1.1 The History of Machine Translation Aborad====&lt;br /&gt;
The research history of machine translation can be traced back to the 1930s and 1940s. In the early 1930s, the French scientist G.B. Alchuni put forward the idea of using machines for translation. In 1933, the Soviet inventor Troyansky designed a machine to translate one language into another.In 1946, the world's first modern electronic computer ENIAC was born. Soon after, American scientist Warren Weaver, a pioneer of information theory, put forward the idea of automatic language translation by computer in 1947. In 1949, Warren Weaver published a memorandum entitled Translation, which formally raised the issue of machine translation. In 1954, Georgetown University, with the cooperation of IBM, completed the English-Russian machine translation experiment with IBM-701 computer for the first time, which opened the prelude of machine translation research. In 2006, Google translation was officially released as a free service software, bringing a big upsurge of statistical machine translation research. It was Franz Och who joined Google in 2004 and led Google translation. What’s more, it is precisely because of the unremitting efforts of generations of scientists that science fiction has been brought into reality step by step.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2 The History of Machine Translation in China====&lt;br /&gt;
In 1956, the research and development of machine translation has been named in the scientific and technological work and made little achievements in China. On the eve of the tenth anniversary of the National Day in 1959, our country successfully carried out experiments, which translated nine different types of complicated sentences on large general-purpose electronic computers. The dictionary includes 2030 entries, and the grammar rule system consists of 29 circuit diagrams.  After a period of stagnation, China's machine translation ushered in a high-speed development stage after the 1980s in the wave of the third scientific and technological revolution. With the rapid development of economy and science and technology, China has made a qualitative leap in the field of machine translation research with the pace of reform and opening up. In 1978, Institute of Scientific and Technological Information of China, Institute of Computing Technology and Institute of Linguistics carried out an English-Chinese translation experiment with 20 Metallurgical Title examples as the objects and achieved satisfactory results. Subsequently, they developed a JYE-I machine translation system, which based on 200 sentences from metallurgical documents. Its principles and methods were also widely used in the machine translation system developed in the future. In addition, the research achievements of machine translation in China during the 1980s and 1990s also include that Institute of Post and Telecommunication Sciences developed a machine translation system, C Retrieval and automatic typesetting system with good performance and strong practicability in October 1986; In 1988, ISTC launched the ISTIC-I English-Chinese Title System for the translation of applied literature of metallurgy, Information Research Institute of Railway developed an English-Chinese Title Recording machine translation system for railway documents; the Language Institute of the Academy of Social Sciences developed &amp;quot;Tianyu&amp;quot; English-Chinese machine translation system and Matr English-Chinese machine translation system developed by the computer department of National University of Defense Technology. After many explorations and studies, machine translation in China has gradually moved towards application, popularization and commercialization. China Software Technology Corporation launched &amp;quot;Yixing I&amp;quot; in 1988, marking China's machine translation system officially going to the market. After &amp;quot;Yixing&amp;quot;, a series of machine translation systems such as Gaoli system in Beijing, Tongyi system in Tianjin and Langwei system in Shaanxi have also entered the public. In the 21st century, the development of a series of apps such as Kingsoft Powerword, Youdao translation and Baidu translation has greatly met the needs of ordinary users for translation. According to the working principle, machine translation has roughly experienced three stages: rule-based machine translation, statistics-based machine translation and deep learning based neural machine translation. These three stages witnessed a leap in the quality of machine translation. Machine translation is more and more used in daily life and even the translation of some texts is almost comparable to artificial translation. In addition to text translation, voice translation, photo translation and other functions have also been listed, which provides great convenience for people's life. It is undeniable that machine translation has become the development trend of translation in the future.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.3 The Status Quo of Machine Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
In this big data era of information explosion, the prospect of machine translation is also bright. At present, the circular neural network system launched by Google has supported universal translation in more than 60 languages. Many Internet companies such as Microsoft Bing, Sogou, Tencent, Baidu and NetEase Youdao have also launched their own Internet free machine translation systems. Users can obtain translation results free of charge by logging in to the corresponding websites. At present, the circular neural network translation system launched by Google can support real-time translation of more than 60 languages, and the domestic Baidu online machine translation system can also support real-time translation of 28 languages. These Internet online machine translation systems are suitable for a variety of terminal platforms such as mobile phone, PC, tablet and web and its functions are also quite diverse, supporting many translation forms, such as screen word selection, text scanning translation, photo translation, offline translation, web page translation and so on. Although its translation quality needs to be improved, it has been outstanding in the fields of daily dialogue, news translation and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
Generally speaking, machine translation has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, accurate term translation and great development potential and etc. Machine translation is fast and efficient, this is something that artificial translation can’t catch up with. In addition, with the continuous emergence of all kinds of translation software in the market, compared with artificial translation, machine translation is cheap and sometimes even free, which greatly saves the economic cost and time for users with low translation quality requirements. What's more, compared with artificial translation, machine translation has a huge corpus, which makes the translation of some terms, especially the latest scientific and technological terms, more rapid and accurate. The accurate translation of these terms requires the translator to constantly learn, but learning needs a process, which has a certain test on the translator's learning ability and learning speed. In this regard, artificial translation has uncertainty and hysteretic nature. At the same time, with the progress of science and technology and the development of society, the function of machine translation will be more perfect and the quality of translation will be better.Today's machine translation tools and software are easy to carry, all you need to do is just to use the software and electronic dictionary in the mobile phone. There is no need to carry paper dictionaries and books for translation, which saves time and space. At the same time, machine translation covers many fields and is suitable for translation practice in different situations, such as academic, education, commercial trade, social networking, tourism, production technology, etc, it is also easy to deal with various professional terms. However, due to the limitation of translators' own knowledge, artificial translation is often limited to one or a few fields or industries. For example, it is difficult for an interpreter specializing in medical English to translate legal English.&lt;br /&gt;
At the same time, machine translation also has its limitations. At first, machine can only operate word to word translation, which only plays the function and role of dictionary. Then, the application of syntax enables the process of sentence translation and it can be solved by using the direct translation method. When the original text and the target language are highly similar, it can be translated directly. For example, the original text &amp;quot;他是个老师.&amp;quot; The target language is &amp;quot;he is a teacher &amp;quot;. With the increase of the structural complexity of the original text, the effect of machine translation is greatly reduced. Therefore, at the syntactic level, machine translation still stays in sentences with relatively simple structure. Meanwhile, the original text and the results of machine translation cannot be interchanged equally, indicating that English-Chinese translation has strong randomness, and is not rigorous and scientific enough. &lt;br /&gt;
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Nowadays, machine translation is highly dependent on parallel corpora, but the construction of parallel corpora is not perfect. At present, the resources of some mainstream languages such as Chinese and English are relatively rich, while the data collection of many small languages is not satisfactory. Moreover, the current corpus is mainly concentrated in the fields of government literature, science and technology, current affairs and news, while there is a serious lack of data in other fields, which can’t reflect the advantages of machine translation. At the same time, corpus construction lags behind. Some informative texts introducing the latest cutting-edge research results often spread the latest academic knowledge and use a large number of new professional terms, such as academic papers and teaching materials while the corpus often lacks the corresponding words of the target language, which makes machine translation powerless&lt;br /&gt;
Besides, machine translation is not culturally sensitive. Human may never be able to program machines to understand and experience a particular culture. Different cultures have unique and different language systems, and machines do not have complexity to understand or recognize slang, jargon, puns and idioms. Therefore, their translation may not conform to cultural values and specific norms. This is also one of the challenges that the machine needs to overcome.Artificial intelligence may have human abstract thinking ability in the future, but it is difficult to have image thinking ability including imagination and emotion. Therefore, machine translation is often used in news, science and technology, patents, specifications and other text fields with the purpose of fact description, knowledge and information transmission. These words rarely involve emotional and cultural background. When translating expressive texts, the limitations of machine translation are exposed. The so-called expressive text refers to the text that pays attention to emotional expression and is full of imagination. Its main characteristics are subjectivity, emotion and imagination, such as novels, poetry, prose, art and so on. This kind of text attaches importance to the emotional expression of the author or character image, and uses a lot of metaphors, symbols and other expressions. Machine translation is difficult to catch up with artificial translation in this kind of text, it can only translate the main idea, lack of connotation and literary grace and it cannot have subjective feelings and rational analysis like human beings. In fact, it is not difficult to simulate the human brain, the difficulty is that it is impossible to learn from the rich social experience and life experience of excellent translators. In other words, machine translation lacks the personalization and creativity of human translation. It is this personalization and creativity that promote the development and evolution of language, and what machine translation can only output is mechanical &amp;quot;machine language&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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===3.The Irreplaceability of Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
====3.1 Translation is Constrained by Context====&lt;br /&gt;
At present, machine translation can help people deal with language communication in people's daily life and work, such as clothing, food, housing and transportation, but there is a big gap from the &amp;quot;faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance&amp;quot; emphasized by high-level translation. Language itself is art，which pays more attention to artistry than functionality, and the discipline of art is difficult to quantify and unify. Sometimes it is regular, rigorous, logical and clear, and sometimes it is random, free and logical. If it is translated by machine, it is difficult to grasp this degree. Sometimes, machine translation cannot connect words with contextual meaning. In many languages, the same word may have multiple completely unrelated meanings. In this case, context will have a great impact on word meaning, and the understanding of word meaning depends largely on the meaning read from context. Only human beings can combine words with context, determine their true meaning, and creatively adjust and modify the language to obtain a complete and accurate translation. This is undoubtedly very difficult for machine translation. Artificial translation can get rid of the constraints of the source language and translate the translation in line with the grammar, sentence patterns and word habits of the target language. In the process of translation, translators can use their own knowledge reserves to analyze the differences between the source language and the target language in thinking mode, cultural characteristics, social background, customs and habits, so as to translate a more accurate translation. Artificial translation can also add, delete, domesticate, modify and polish the translation according to the style, make up for the lack of culture, try to maintain the thought, artistic conception and charm of the original text and the style of the source language. In addition, translators can also judge and consider the words with multiple meanings or easy to produce ambiguity according to the context, so as to make the translation more clear and more accurate and improve the quality of the translation.&lt;br /&gt;
====3.2 Literary Translation is Inseparable from Human Participation====&lt;br /&gt;
Literary works express human rich thoughts and emotions, which contain profound cultural connotation. Only by clarifying the cultural background of the work and guessing the emotion expressed in the work can the translator feel it. However, the machine itself has neither emotion nor humanistic feelings, so how can it make a translation with human emotion. Although machine translation in the era of artificial intelligence has made great progress and can help people deal with some translation work, it is still difficult to reach the high standard and realm of translation. However, the current machine translation can’t take into account the cultural differences and language habits between the two languages. The translated literary works are difficult to understand or even twist its original meaning. While a good translator not only master the cultural background knowledge of the source language and the target language, also the translator can take into account the differences between the two languages and cultures, feel the emotions contained in the works, figure out the ideas the author wants to express, so as to translate more authentic works.&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Future Development Trend of Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
====4.1 Deep Integration of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation and artificial translation both complement , improve and develop with each other On the one hand, machine translation has indeed made great progress, brought changes in the field of translation, and saved a lot of time and energy for translators. From artificial intelligence to machine intelligence weak artificial intelligence (ANI) focuses on completing a specific task, such as speech recognition, image recognition and translation, so it is an artificial intelligence that is good at a single aspect. Strong artificial intelligence (AGI) is usually able to think, plan, solve problems, abstract thinking, understand complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience. Its system includes learning, language, cognition, reasoning, creation and planning and the goal is to enable artificial intelligence to deal with unprecedented details in the case of unsupervised learning, and carry out interactive learning with human beings at the same time.&lt;br /&gt;
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Driven by artificial intelligence technology, the mode of translation will roughly go through several stages, such as artificial translation, artificial translation with machine assistance, machine translation with artificial assistance, and intelligent machine translation. From traditional translation to machine translation with post-editing mode, from traditional interpretation to machine assisted interpretation, the degree of human-computer interaction is becoming higher and higher. At present, it is changing from artificial translation with machine assistance to machine translation with artificial assistance. In the future, a highly intelligent translation system will automatically connect all the resources required for translation, give full play to the advantages of artificial intelligence, focus the wisdom of translators on more valuable and creative work, and greatly liberate the workload of translation. For example, when doing some simple non-literary translation texts, machine translation can quickly complete a lot of translation work, which is unmatched by artificial translation. On the other hand, although the current machine translation has made a great breakthrough and can carry out some translation work, there are still some translation work that machine translation is not competent, such as literary translation, publishing publications and books, etc. The reason is that the existing technical level has not yet reached the point of replacing artificial translation. Therefore, we should not only improve our translation level, but also keep pace with the times, so as to be more competitive. In short, machine translation is inseparable from artificial translation. Artificial translation also needs the assistance of machine translation and the deep integration of the two will be the general trend. In the process of translation, we can combine the advantages of the two and learn from each other, which can not only improve efficiency, reduce the labor intensity of the translator, but also improve the quality of the translation. However, it is undeniable that in this process, some low-level translators will face the risk of elimination.&lt;br /&gt;
====4.2 Technicalization of Artificial Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Under the guidance of advanced information technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data, the technicalization of artificial translation will become an inevitable trend of artificial translation in the future. First of all, machine translation under artificial intelligence technology has triggered profound changes in the way and content of translation. In this context, translators should not only improve their professional translation ability, but also learn and apply new technologies, so as to be more competitive under the background of artificial intelligence. The current translation market requires translators to use some translation tools, which may be the future development trend. If translators know nothing about new translation technologies, it will be difficult to survive in the technical translation environment. This requires translators to keep pace with the times, learn and master the technical skills related to translation, and apply them to practice. So that when facing different translation scenarios and translation tasks, machine translation and artificial translation can work together. Machine translation will do some simple, basic and repetitive work, so as to save a lot of time and energy for translators to do some more complex work, so that translators can give full play to their advantages in their fields.&lt;br /&gt;
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===5. Discussion on the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
====5.1 Competition====&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous progress of science and technology, machine translation will play a more and more important role. However, the different characteristics of machine translation and artificial translation determine that they will have different markets. Those regular and stylized translation work will be gradually replaced by machine translation, which will occupy a dominant position in the middle and low-end translation market. For example, ordinary texts such as daily communication, instant messaging, e-mail and Wechat do not need very accurate and professional translation, and machine translation is enough to meet their needs. High-end artificial translation talents are still in short supply. For example, political discourse, legal documents and medical documents that require high translation accuracy . Take the political discourse as an example，political discourse often represents the national image and belongs to a very sensitive topic. A slight error will cause irreparable consequences and even affect international relations. For another example, literature, art and other fields with high requirements for imagination and creativity need artificial translation to assume humanistic responsibility while machine translation cannot make a perfect judgment in this regard. In the future, the division of labor between machine translation and artificial translation in the target market will gradually become clear. Machine translation and artificial translation will compete in different positioning markets. Moreover, we can see from the meaning and actual work of machine translation that compared with artificial translation, it is convenient to use, has no location restrictions, switches between multiple languages at any time and supports paragraph translation. As long as there is a network, it can be translated with high convenience and efficiency. Compared with online translation, artificial translation has higher flexibility, stronger pertinence and lower error rate. Taking simultaneous interpretation as an example, simultaneous interpretation is a very difficult interlingual conversion activity strictly limited by time, which requires the interpreter to quickly complete the prediction, understanding, memory and conversion of the source language information in a very short time with the help of the existing subject knowledge while listening to the source language, and to monitor, organize, modify and express the target language. Simultaneous interpretation translators have solid language skills, mature experience of conferences, and master extensive knowledge is an important prerequisite for doing well in simultaneous interpreting. And these are machine translation can’t be completed.&lt;br /&gt;
====5.2 Integration====&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.1 Complementarity Between Simple Translation and Complex Translation=====&lt;br /&gt;
Because machine translation can better translate some simple sentences and paragraphs, which can liberate translators from focusing on simple translation in terms of translation complexity, so that translators can have more time and energy to carry out some more complex translation work, for example, some texts with high national customs, foreign literary works with profound meaning, and texts using special rhetorical skills. In addition, laws and regulations, contracts and other texts have the highest requirements for quality, those texts need translation's standardization and accuracy, so artificial translation is safer. Literary and artistic texts focus on aesthetics and interest, so the style of the translation is pretty significant, which cannot be achieved by machine translation with only rationality and lack of humanistic cultivation. Some texts, such as product specifications, science and technology, economy and trade, news, etc., have moderate requirements for the quality of translation, and can adopt the mode of human-machine cooperation. There are usually two main modes: pre-editing + machine translation + post-editing and machine translation + post-editing. Pre-editing usually involves two parts: format processing and language processing, which refers to the structural modification of the text before machine translation. Its purpose is to reduce semantic ambiguity and make it conform to the logical mode of machine translation, so as to improve the accuracy and readability of the translation and reduce the workload of post-editing. However, no matter how intelligent the machine is and how long the translator spends on pre-editing, a certain proportion of the text that has not been successfully translated, so we still need the post-editing of machine translation. Therefore, it can be seen that machine translation and artificial translation are not antagonistic. The relationship between them should be a clear division of labor and complement each other.&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.2Complementarity Between Old and New Translation Tasks=====&lt;br /&gt;
Because machine translation has certain learning ability in some aspects, for example, based on its self-learning ability of neural network, it can memorize the existing programmatic expressions, terms and paragraphs in its database, and can translate them better and more accurately when it encounters similar sentence patterns next time so as to effectively avoid the problems of inconsistent terminology and inconsistent expression caused by the participation of many people in the translation project. Therefore, machine translation can achieve the purpose of saving translation human resources, so that they can better invest in the research and discussion of the translation of emerging terms or important expressions, and make them have stronger translation behavior.&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.3The Complementarity of Translation Scenarios=====&lt;br /&gt;
Due to its fast and convenient characteristics, machine translation can be better qualified for the application scenarios with loose translation quality and content requirements, such as daily communication, web browsing, information acquisition and so on. At present, the translation software developed in the market has basically changed from translation to faster intelligent voice real-time translation, which is welcomed by the majority of users. For more professional application scenarios, such as high-level meetings, negotiations and litigation, both translators and interpreters need more professional senior translators. For example, in some specific environments, only artificial translation can meet the translation needs, such as the translation of seven national languages in the national two sessions and congress of party representatives. Under these circumstances, only flexible artificial translation can work well. No matter whether the translation of paper documents or simultaneous interpreting at the scene requires professionals with rich experience in party and professional experience, they are determined by the seriousness and particularity of the translation scenario.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The rapid development of machine translation has indeed brought convenience to the public and produced certain economic benefits, but we can't exaggerate the effectiveness of machine translation. Some so-called professionals exaggerate the power of technology while ignoring the humanistic side of translation. The reason why translation activities thrive is that different nations and countries need cultural and ideological exchanges. One-sided emphasis on science and technology or humanities is an extreme approach. The correct approach is to integrate science and technology with humanities. We should not only pay attention to the convenience of machine translation technology, but also give full play to the subjectivity of translators. No matter how developed artificial intelligence is, it is only a product developed by human beings, and its ultimate goal is to serve human beings. In the increasingly developed era of informatization and specialization, translation professionals need to embrace new technologies, learn and apply new technologies to improve their professional translation ability with the help of machine translation technology, so as to make translation faster and better. Translation majors are highly practical, practical and professional. It can be predicted that the future manual interpreter should be a combination of bilingual ability and computer software development ability. What's more, translators should learn to use machine translation and strengthen their own translation technology application ability, which is a new model of translation in the future. But at the same time, we should also see that translation is a humanities. The translator is not only a cultural messenger, but also a guardian of language. Translation is not a simple conversion of words and sounds. Its essence is the communication and dissemination of body, mind and thinking between different cultures. The temperature, thickness and purity of human nature in interpersonal and cultural communication, and the skills, creativity and wisdom embodied in human translation are beyond the reach of machine translation. At the same time, the translator is the guardian of language. If thinkers and poets are the guardians of language, a translator with thinking, creativity and artistic sense also undertakes this responsibility. Regarding the translator as the guardian of language is the affirmation and understanding of the identity of the artificial translator. On the one hand, it avoids the erosion of the natural language by the machine translation, on the other hand, it is conducive to the exertion of the subjectivity of the artificial translator. Machine translation takes into account the transmission and accuracy of information, but it cannot take into account the polysemy, fuzziness and creativity of language. However, it is the polysemy, fuzziness and creativity of language that makes our life full of spirituality, beauty and vitality.&lt;br /&gt;
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===6.Suggestions for the Combined Development of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
====6.1 Reasonable Division of Labor====&lt;br /&gt;
First of all, we should speed up the training of translation talents so that senior translation talents can match the number of machine translation. In this way, when dealing with relevant translation business, we can achieve high business efficiency, good content and quality. Secondly, while accelerating the formation of the industry, relevant state departments should give certain policy support to improve the industry status of translators, have certain professional certification for professional translation content, raise the employment threshold of the translation industry, filter out those who are not professional, leave those with good skills and increase those with ability, In this way, the translation industry can form a certain scale industry in the high-end field. The formation of the industry also requires large-scale assembly line operation to meet the needs of manual translation, supplemented by the processing capacity of machine translation for medium and low-end content, so as to solve the problems of slow translation speed and high price in the past.&lt;br /&gt;
====6.2 Both Need to be Improved====&lt;br /&gt;
So far, the universal application of machine translation still focuses on the written form. Although Google and other companies have made attempts and achieved some achievements in machine interpretation, the technology of machine interpretation is still not mature enough. The author's proposal is not to replace artificial interpretation with machine interpretation, but to realize the intelligence of the middle and low-end market like written translation. In addition, artificial translation still needs to be refined. The requirements for translators should not only focus on the mastery of language, but also absorb more skilled personnel with professional background knowledge to join the professional translation team. The future industry integration will eliminate some translators with weak professional background knowledge. At the same time, expand the training mode of translation major in colleges and universities so that students can have more opportunities to participate in social practice. Meanwhile, colleges and universities should timely understand the needs of the industry, and carefully train students from the basic stage of freshman and sophomore, so as to make students more targeted for future employment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
With the advent of the era of artificial intelligence, AI technology is affecting the development of translation on an unprecedented scale and speed, causing profound changes in the translation industry. On the one hand, machine translation at this stage has made great achievements, gradually penetrated into our life and work, and has been applied in many fields, which has brought great convenience to our life and work; On the other hand, there are many problems in machine translation，such as cultural differences and emotional factors in language, which makes it difficult for machine translation to replace artificial translation. Since machine translation and artificial translation have their own advantages, we need to face how to integrate them efficiently, so as to give full play to their advantages and improve translation efficiency and quality. Although the development prospect of machine translation is very bright, the scope of application of machine translation and translation technology is limited. It is mainly used in general news reports, scientific and technological texts and other highly repetitive texts, which cannot completely replace artificial translation. Even the most advanced neural machine translation system has only achieved good results in the fields of daily conversation, news translation and so on. Literary texts are highly metaphorical. Machine translation and translation technology can only be used as auxiliary translation means to serve professional translators. Machine translation and artificial intelligence will not replace human creativity and imagination, but will improve the quality of translation and avoid boring and repetitive translation work. The improvement of machine translation requires the joint efforts of computer science, information science, statistics, linguistics and other academic circles, so as to realize more mature man-machine mutual assistance translation. In general, machine translation is not only a challenge, but also an opportunity. If we want to turn the challenge into an opportunity, we must constantly improve our competitiveness, keep pace with the times, make full use of new technologies related to translation, and jointly create a new era of &amp;quot;man and machines dancing together&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
Fan Yuxiao 樊玉消.(2021). 浅谈人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译[A Brief Talk on Machine Translation and Human Translation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence] 海外英语 Overseas English(11)179-180&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Liu YongQuan刘涌泉(1984)中国的机器翻译[China’s Machine Translation ].Bei Jing: Knowledge Press 知识出版社.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Li Li李利(2020) 浅析机器翻译和人工翻译的关系[A Brief Analysis of the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation]国际机关PR Magazine (09)276-277.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Liu Qun刘群（2012）机器翻译技术现状与展望 [Current Situation and Prospect of Machine Translation Technology]集成技术 Journal of Integration Technology(1)48-54.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jin Wenlu 靳文璐. (2019). 机器翻译可以取代人工翻译吗? [Can machine translation replace artificial translation?]. 智库时代 Think Tank Times (40) 282-284.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hu Kaibao Li Yi胡开宝，李翼(2016) 机器翻译特征及其与人工翻译关系的研究[Research on the Characteristics of Machine Translation and Its Relationship with Artificial Translation] 中国翻译 Chinese Translators Journal（37）：10-14&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dai Weichang 戴伟长（1994）国内外机器翻译进展状况[Progress of Machine Translation at Home and Abroad]软件世界 Software World(12):2-3&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wang Huashu WangXin王华树 王鑫(2021) 人工智能时代的翻译技术研究: 应用场景、 现存问题与趋势展望[Translation Research in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Application Scenarios, Existing Problems and Trends] 外国语文Foreign Language and Literature (01):9-17&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Xu Yican Liu Jibin徐一灿 刘继斌(2017) 机器翻译的现状和前景[Current Situation and Prospect of Machine Translation] 海外英语Overseas English(11):117-118&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pang Yingyu(2019) 谈机器翻译与人工翻译的关系——从机器翻译与计算机辅助翻译的发展角度[The Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation -- From the Perspective of the Development of Machine Translation and Computer-aided Translation] 科学大众Popular Science(11):164-165&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Liu Tianze刘天泽 浅谈人工智能翻译和人工翻译的比较与展望 A Brief Discussion on the Comparison and Prospect of Artificial Intelligence Translation and Artificial Translation海外英语 Overseas English(16):46-47&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_Trans_EN_9&amp;diff=130045</id>
		<title>Machine Trans EN 9</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_Trans_EN_9&amp;diff=130045"/>
		<updated>2021-12-08T11:34:23Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
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30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''9 谢佳芬（人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译）'''&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of information technology, many industries are facing the competitive pressure of artificial intelligence, and so is the field of translation. Artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and combined with the field of translation，which has brought great impact and changes to traditional translation, but artificial intelligence translation and artificial translation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Artificial translation is in the leading position in adapting to human language logical habits and understanding characteristics, but in terms of translation threshold and economic value, the efficiency of artificial intelligence translation is even better. In a word, we need to know that machine translation and human translation are complementary rather than antagonistic.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Key Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Artificial Translation; Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
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===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译&lt;br /&gt;
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===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
伴随着信息技术的不断发展，多个行业面临着人工智能的竞争压力，翻译领域也是如此。人工智能技术快速发展并与翻译领域结合，人工智能翻译给传统翻译带来了巨大的冲击和变革，但人工智能翻译与人工翻译存在着各自的优劣特点和发展空间，在适应人类语言逻辑习惯和理解特点的翻译效果上，人工翻译处于领先地位，但在翻译门槛和经济价值上，人工智能翻译的效率则更胜一筹。总的来说，我们要知道机器翻译与人工翻译是互补而非对立的关系。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译;人工翻译;人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
====1.1 The History of Machine Translation Aborad====&lt;br /&gt;
The research history of machine translation can be traced back to the 1930s and 1940s. In the early 1930s, the French scientist G.B. Alchuni put forward the idea of using machines for translation. In 1933, the Soviet inventor Troyansky designed a machine to translate one language into another.In 1946, the world's first modern electronic computer ENIAC was born. Soon after, American scientist Warren Weaver, a pioneer of information theory, put forward the idea of automatic language translation by computer in 1947. In 1949, Warren Weaver published a memorandum entitled Translation, which formally raised the issue of machine translation. In 1954, Georgetown University, with the cooperation of IBM, completed the English-Russian machine translation experiment with IBM-701 computer for the first time, which opened the prelude of machine translation research. In 2006, Google translation was officially released as a free service software, bringing a big upsurge of statistical machine translation research. It was Franz Och who joined Google in 2004 and led Google translation. What’s more, it is precisely because of the unremitting efforts of generations of scientists that science fiction has been brought into reality step by step.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2 The History of Machine Translation in China====&lt;br /&gt;
In 1956, the research and development of machine translation has been named in the scientific and technological work and made little achievements in China. On the eve of the tenth anniversary of the National Day in 1959, our country successfully carried out experiments, which translated nine different types of complicated sentences on large general-purpose electronic computers. The dictionary includes 2030 entries, and the grammar rule system consists of 29 circuit diagrams.  After a period of stagnation, China's machine translation ushered in a high-speed development stage after the 1980s in the wave of the third scientific and technological revolution. With the rapid development of economy and science and technology, China has made a qualitative leap in the field of machine translation research with the pace of reform and opening up. In 1978, Institute of Scientific and Technological Information of China, Institute of Computing Technology and Institute of Linguistics carried out an English-Chinese translation experiment with 20 Metallurgical Title examples as the objects and achieved satisfactory results. Subsequently, they developed a JYE-I machine translation system, which based on 200 sentences from metallurgical documents. Its principles and methods were also widely used in the machine translation system developed in the future. In addition, the research achievements of machine translation in China during the 1980s and 1990s also include that Institute of Post and Telecommunication Sciences developed a machine translation system, C Retrieval and automatic typesetting system with good performance and strong practicability in October 1986; In 1988, ISTC launched the ISTIC-I English-Chinese Title System for the translation of applied literature of metallurgy, Information Research Institute of Railway developed an English-Chinese Title Recording machine translation system for railway documents; the Language Institute of the Academy of Social Sciences developed &amp;quot;Tianyu&amp;quot; English-Chinese machine translation system and Matr English-Chinese machine translation system developed by the computer department of National University of Defense Technology. After many explorations and studies, machine translation in China has gradually moved towards application, popularization and commercialization. China Software Technology Corporation launched &amp;quot;Yixing I&amp;quot; in 1988, marking China's machine translation system officially going to the market. After &amp;quot;Yixing&amp;quot;, a series of machine translation systems such as Gaoli system in Beijing, Tongyi system in Tianjin and Langwei system in Shaanxi have also entered the public. In the 21st century, the development of a series of apps such as Kingsoft Powerword, Youdao translation and Baidu translation has greatly met the needs of ordinary users for translation. According to the working principle, machine translation has roughly experienced three stages: rule-based machine translation, statistics-based machine translation and deep learning based neural machine translation. These three stages witnessed a leap in the quality of machine translation. Machine translation is more and more used in daily life and even the translation of some texts is almost comparable to artificial translation. In addition to text translation, voice translation, photo translation and other functions have also been listed, which provides great convenience for people's life. It is undeniable that machine translation has become the development trend of translation in the future.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.3 The Status Quo of Machine Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
In this big data era of information explosion, the prospect of machine translation is also bright. At present, the circular neural network system launched by Google has supported universal translation in more than 60 languages. Many Internet companies such as Microsoft Bing, Sogou, Tencent, Baidu and NetEase Youdao have also launched their own Internet free machine translation systems. Users can obtain translation results free of charge by logging in to the corresponding websites. At present, the circular neural network translation system launched by Google can support real-time translation of more than 60 languages, and the domestic Baidu online machine translation system can also support real-time translation of 28 languages. These Internet online machine translation systems are suitable for a variety of terminal platforms such as mobile phone, PC, tablet and web and its functions are also quite diverse, supporting many translation forms, such as screen word selection, text scanning translation, photo translation, offline translation, web page translation and so on. Although its translation quality needs to be improved, it has been outstanding in the fields of daily dialogue, news translation and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
Generally speaking, machine translation has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, accurate term translation and great development potential and etc. Machine translation is fast and efficient, this is something that artificial translation can’t catch up with. In addition, with the continuous emergence of all kinds of translation software in the market, compared with artificial translation, machine translation is cheap and sometimes even free, which greatly saves the economic cost and time for users with low translation quality requirements. What's more, compared with artificial translation, machine translation has a huge corpus, which makes the translation of some terms, especially the latest scientific and technological terms, more rapid and accurate. The accurate translation of these terms requires the translator to constantly learn, but learning needs a process, which has a certain test on the translator's learning ability and learning speed. In this regard, artificial translation has uncertainty and hysteretic nature. At the same time, with the progress of science and technology and the development of society, the function of machine translation will be more perfect and the quality of translation will be better.Today's machine translation tools and software are easy to carry, all you need to do is just to use the software and electronic dictionary in the mobile phone. There is no need to carry paper dictionaries and books for translation, which saves time and space. At the same time, machine translation covers many fields and is suitable for translation practice in different situations, such as academic, education, commercial trade, social networking, tourism, production technology, etc, it is also easy to deal with various professional terms. However, due to the limitation of translators' own knowledge, artificial translation is often limited to one or a few fields or industries. For example, it is difficult for an interpreter specializing in medical English to translate legal English.&lt;br /&gt;
At the same time, machine translation also has its limitations. At first, machine can only operate word to word translation, which only plays the function and role of dictionary. Then, the application of syntax enables the process of sentence translation and it can be solved by using the direct translation method. When the original text and the target language are highly similar, it can be translated directly. For example, the original text &amp;quot;他是个老师.&amp;quot; The target language is &amp;quot;he is a teacher &amp;quot;. With the increase of the structural complexity of the original text, the effect of machine translation is greatly reduced. Therefore, at the syntactic level, machine translation still stays in sentences with relatively simple structure. Meanwhile, the original text and the results of machine translation cannot be interchanged equally, indicating that English-Chinese translation has strong randomness, and is not rigorous and scientific enough. &lt;br /&gt;
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Nowadays, machine translation is highly dependent on parallel corpora, but the construction of parallel corpora is not perfect. At present, the resources of some mainstream languages such as Chinese and English are relatively rich, while the data collection of many small languages is not satisfactory. Moreover, the current corpus is mainly concentrated in the fields of government literature, science and technology, current affairs and news, while there is a serious lack of data in other fields, which can’t reflect the advantages of machine translation. At the same time, corpus construction lags behind. Some informative texts introducing the latest cutting-edge research results often spread the latest academic knowledge and use a large number of new professional terms, such as academic papers and teaching materials while the corpus often lacks the corresponding words of the target language, which makes machine translation powerless&lt;br /&gt;
Besides, machine translation is not culturally sensitive. Human may never be able to program machines to understand and experience a particular culture. Different cultures have unique and different language systems, and machines do not have complexity to understand or recognize slang, jargon, puns and idioms. Therefore, their translation may not conform to cultural values and specific norms. This is also one of the challenges that the machine needs to overcome.Artificial intelligence may have human abstract thinking ability in the future, but it is difficult to have image thinking ability including imagination and emotion. Therefore, machine translation is often used in news, science and technology, patents, specifications and other text fields with the purpose of fact description, knowledge and information transmission. These words rarely involve emotional and cultural background. When translating expressive texts, the limitations of machine translation are exposed. The so-called expressive text refers to the text that pays attention to emotional expression and is full of imagination. Its main characteristics are subjectivity, emotion and imagination, such as novels, poetry, prose, art and so on. This kind of text attaches importance to the emotional expression of the author or character image, and uses a lot of metaphors, symbols and other expressions. Machine translation is difficult to catch up with artificial translation in this kind of text, it can only translate the main idea, lack of connotation and literary grace and it cannot have subjective feelings and rational analysis like human beings. In fact, it is not difficult to simulate the human brain, the difficulty is that it is impossible to learn from the rich social experience and life experience of excellent translators. In other words, machine translation lacks the personalization and creativity of human translation. It is this personalization and creativity that promote the development and evolution of language, and what machine translation can only output is mechanical &amp;quot;machine language&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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===3.The Irreplaceability of Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
====3.1 Translation is Constrained by Context====&lt;br /&gt;
At present, machine translation can help people deal with language communication in people's daily life and work, such as clothing, food, housing and transportation, but there is a big gap from the &amp;quot;faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance&amp;quot; emphasized by high-level translation. Language itself is art，which pays more attention to artistry than functionality, and the discipline of art is difficult to quantify and unify. Sometimes it is regular, rigorous, logical and clear, and sometimes it is random, free and logical. If it is translated by machine, it is difficult to grasp this degree. Sometimes, machine translation cannot connect words with contextual meaning. In many languages, the same word may have multiple completely unrelated meanings. In this case, context will have a great impact on word meaning, and the understanding of word meaning depends largely on the meaning read from context. Only human beings can combine words with context, determine their true meaning, and creatively adjust and modify the language to obtain a complete and accurate translation. This is undoubtedly very difficult for machine translation. Artificial translation can get rid of the constraints of the source language and translate the translation in line with the grammar, sentence patterns and word habits of the target language. In the process of translation, translators can use their own knowledge reserves to analyze the differences between the source language and the target language in thinking mode, cultural characteristics, social background, customs and habits, so as to translate a more accurate translation. Artificial translation can also add, delete, domesticate, modify and polish the translation according to the style, make up for the lack of culture, try to maintain the thought, artistic conception and charm of the original text and the style of the source language. In addition, translators can also judge and consider the words with multiple meanings or easy to produce ambiguity according to the context, so as to make the translation more clear and more accurate and improve the quality of the translation.&lt;br /&gt;
====3.2 Literary Translation is Inseparable from Human Participation====&lt;br /&gt;
Literary works express human rich thoughts and emotions, which contain profound cultural connotation. Only by clarifying the cultural background of the work and guessing the emotion expressed in the work can the translator feel it. However, the machine itself has neither emotion nor humanistic feelings, so how can it make a translation with human emotion. Although machine translation in the era of artificial intelligence has made great progress and can help people deal with some translation work, it is still difficult to reach the high standard and realm of translation. However, the current machine translation can’t take into account the cultural differences and language habits between the two languages. The translated literary works are difficult to understand or even twist its original meaning. While a good translator not only master the cultural background knowledge of the source language and the target language, also the translator can take into account the differences between the two languages and cultures, feel the emotions contained in the works, figure out the ideas the author wants to express, so as to translate more authentic works.&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Future Development Trend of Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
====4.1 Deep Integration of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation and artificial translation both complement , improve and develop with each other On the one hand, machine translation has indeed made great progress, brought changes in the field of translation, and saved a lot of time and energy for translators. From artificial intelligence to machine intelligence weak artificial intelligence (ANI) focuses on completing a specific task, such as speech recognition, image recognition and translation, so it is an artificial intelligence that is good at a single aspect. Strong artificial intelligence (AGI) is usually able to think, plan, solve problems, abstract thinking, understand complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience. Its system includes learning, language, cognition, reasoning, creation and planning and the goal is to enable artificial intelligence to deal with unprecedented details in the case of unsupervised learning, and carry out interactive learning with human beings at the same time.&lt;br /&gt;
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Driven by artificial intelligence technology, the mode of translation will roughly go through several stages, such as artificial translation, artificial translation with machine assistance, machine translation with artificial assistance, and intelligent machine translation. From traditional translation to machine translation with post-editing mode, from traditional interpretation to machine assisted interpretation, the degree of human-computer interaction is becoming higher and higher. At present, it is changing from artificial translation with machine assistance to machine translation with artificial assistance. In the future, a highly intelligent translation system will automatically connect all the resources required for translation, give full play to the advantages of artificial intelligence, focus the wisdom of translators on more valuable and creative work, and greatly liberate the workload of translation. For example, when doing some simple non-literary translation texts, machine translation can quickly complete a lot of translation work, which is unmatched by artificial translation. On the other hand, although the current machine translation has made a great breakthrough and can carry out some translation work, there are still some translation work that machine translation is not competent, such as literary translation, publishing publications and books, etc. The reason is that the existing technical level has not yet reached the point of replacing artificial translation. Therefore, we should not only improve our translation level, but also keep pace with the times, so as to be more competitive. In short, machine translation is inseparable from artificial translation. Artificial translation also needs the assistance of machine translation and the deep integration of the two will be the general trend. In the process of translation, we can combine the advantages of the two and learn from each other, which can not only improve efficiency, reduce the labor intensity of the translator, but also improve the quality of the translation. However, it is undeniable that in this process, some low-level translators will face the risk of elimination.&lt;br /&gt;
====4.2 Technicalization of Artificial Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Under the guidance of advanced information technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data, the technicalization of artificial translation will become an inevitable trend of artificial translation in the future. First of all, machine translation under artificial intelligence technology has triggered profound changes in the way and content of translation. In this context, translators should not only improve their professional translation ability, but also learn and apply new technologies, so as to be more competitive under the background of artificial intelligence. The current translation market requires translators to use some translation tools, which may be the future development trend. If translators know nothing about new translation technologies, it will be difficult to survive in the technical translation environment. This requires translators to keep pace with the times, learn and master the technical skills related to translation, and apply them to practice. So that when facing different translation scenarios and translation tasks, machine translation and artificial translation can work together. Machine translation will do some simple, basic and repetitive work, so as to save a lot of time and energy for translators to do some more complex work, so that translators can give full play to their advantages in their fields.&lt;br /&gt;
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===5. Discussion on the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
====5.1 Competition====&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous progress of science and technology, machine translation will play a more and more important role. However, the different characteristics of machine translation and artificial translation determine that they will have different markets. Those regular and stylized translation work will be gradually replaced by machine translation, which will occupy a dominant position in the middle and low-end translation market. For example, ordinary texts such as daily communication, instant messaging, e-mail and Wechat do not need very accurate and professional translation, and machine translation is enough to meet their needs. High-end artificial translation talents are still in short supply. For example, political discourse, legal documents and medical documents that require high translation accuracy . Take the political discourse as an example，political discourse often represents the national image and belongs to a very sensitive topic. A slight error will cause irreparable consequences and even affect international relations. For another example, literature, art and other fields with high requirements for imagination and creativity need artificial translation to assume humanistic responsibility while machine translation cannot make a perfect judgment in this regard. In the future, the division of labor between machine translation and artificial translation in the target market will gradually become clear. Machine translation and artificial translation will compete in different positioning markets. Moreover, we can see from the meaning and actual work of machine translation that compared with artificial translation, it is convenient to use, has no location restrictions, switches between multiple languages at any time and supports paragraph translation. As long as there is a network, it can be translated with high convenience and efficiency. Compared with online translation, artificial translation has higher flexibility, stronger pertinence and lower error rate. Taking simultaneous interpretation as an example, simultaneous interpretation is a very difficult interlingual conversion activity strictly limited by time, which requires the interpreter to quickly complete the prediction, understanding, memory and conversion of the source language information in a very short time with the help of the existing subject knowledge while listening to the source language, and to monitor, organize, modify and express the target language. Simultaneous interpretation translators have solid language skills, mature experience of conferences, and master extensive knowledge is an important prerequisite for doing well in simultaneous interpreting. And these are machine translation can’t be completed.&lt;br /&gt;
====5.2 Integration====&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.1 Complementarity Between Simple Translation and Complex Translation=====&lt;br /&gt;
Because machine translation can better translate some simple sentences and paragraphs, which can liberate translators from focusing on simple translation in terms of translation complexity, so that translators can have more time and energy to carry out some more complex translation work, for example, some texts with high national customs, foreign literary works with profound meaning, and texts using special rhetorical skills. In addition, laws and regulations, contracts and other texts have the highest requirements for quality, those texts need translation's standardization and accuracy, so artificial translation is safer. Literary and artistic texts focus on aesthetics and interest, so the style of the translation is pretty significant, which cannot be achieved by machine translation with only rationality and lack of humanistic cultivation. Some texts, such as product specifications, science and technology, economy and trade, news, etc., have moderate requirements for the quality of translation, and can adopt the mode of human-machine cooperation. There are usually two main modes: pre-editing + machine translation + post-editing and machine translation + post-editing. Pre-editing usually involves two parts: format processing and language processing, which refers to the structural modification of the text before machine translation. Its purpose is to reduce semantic ambiguity and make it conform to the logical mode of machine translation, so as to improve the accuracy and readability of the translation and reduce the workload of post-editing. However, no matter how intelligent the machine is and how long the translator spends on pre-editing, a certain proportion of the text that has not been successfully translated, so we still need the post-editing of machine translation. Therefore, it can be seen that machine translation and artificial translation are not antagonistic. The relationship between them should be a clear division of labor and complement each other.&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.2Complementarity Between Old and New Translation Tasks=====&lt;br /&gt;
Because machine translation has certain learning ability in some aspects, for example, based on its self-learning ability of neural network, it can memorize the existing programmatic expressions, terms and paragraphs in its database, and can translate them better and more accurately when it encounters similar sentence patterns next time so as to effectively avoid the problems of inconsistent terminology and inconsistent expression caused by the participation of many people in the translation project. Therefore, machine translation can achieve the purpose of saving translation human resources, so that they can better invest in the research and discussion of the translation of emerging terms or important expressions, and make them have stronger translation behavior.&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.3The Complementarity of Translation Scenarios=====&lt;br /&gt;
Due to its fast and convenient characteristics, machine translation can be better qualified for the application scenarios with loose translation quality and content requirements, such as daily communication, web browsing, information acquisition and so on. At present, the translation software developed in the market has basically changed from translation to faster intelligent voice real-time translation, which is welcomed by the majority of users. For more professional application scenarios, such as high-level meetings, negotiations and litigation, both translators and interpreters need more professional senior translators. For example, in some specific environments, only artificial translation can meet the translation needs, such as the translation of seven national languages in the national two sessions and congress of party representatives. Under these circumstances, only flexible artificial translation can work well. No matter whether the translation of paper documents or simultaneous interpreting at the scene requires professionals with rich experience in party and professional experience, they are determined by the seriousness and particularity of the translation scenario.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The rapid development of machine translation has indeed brought convenience to the public and produced certain economic benefits, but we can't exaggerate the effectiveness of machine translation. Some so-called professionals exaggerate the power of technology while ignoring the humanistic side of translation. The reason why translation activities thrive is that different nations and countries need cultural and ideological exchanges. One-sided emphasis on science and technology or humanities is an extreme approach. The correct approach is to integrate science and technology with humanities. We should not only pay attention to the convenience of machine translation technology, but also give full play to the subjectivity of translators. No matter how developed artificial intelligence is, it is only a product developed by human beings, and its ultimate goal is to serve human beings. In the increasingly developed era of informatization and specialization, translation professionals need to embrace new technologies, learn and apply new technologies to improve their professional translation ability with the help of machine translation technology, so as to make translation faster and better. Translation majors are highly practical, practical and professional. It can be predicted that the future manual interpreter should be a combination of bilingual ability and computer software development ability. What's more, translators should learn to use machine translation and strengthen their own translation technology application ability, which is a new model of translation in the future. But at the same time, we should also see that translation is a humanities. The translator is not only a cultural messenger, but also a guardian of language. Translation is not a simple conversion of words and sounds. Its essence is the communication and dissemination of body, mind and thinking between different cultures. The temperature, thickness and purity of human nature in interpersonal and cultural communication, and the skills, creativity and wisdom embodied in human translation are beyond the reach of machine translation. At the same time, the translator is the guardian of language. If thinkers and poets are the guardians of language, a translator with thinking, creativity and artistic sense also undertakes this responsibility. Regarding the translator as the guardian of language is the affirmation and understanding of the identity of the artificial translator. On the one hand, it avoids the erosion of the natural language by the machine translation, on the other hand, it is conducive to the exertion of the subjectivity of the artificial translator. Machine translation takes into account the transmission and accuracy of information, but it cannot take into account the polysemy, fuzziness and creativity of language. However, it is the polysemy, fuzziness and creativity of language that makes our life full of spirituality, beauty and vitality.&lt;br /&gt;
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===6.Suggestions for the Combined Development of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
====6.1 Reasonable Division of Labor====&lt;br /&gt;
First of all, we should speed up the training of translation talents so that senior translation talents can match the number of machine translation. In this way, when dealing with relevant translation business, we can achieve high business efficiency, good content and quality. Secondly, while accelerating the formation of the industry, relevant state departments should give certain policy support to improve the industry status of translators, have certain professional certification for professional translation content, raise the employment threshold of the translation industry, filter out those who are not professional, leave those with good skills and increase those with ability, In this way, the translation industry can form a certain scale industry in the high-end field. The formation of the industry also requires large-scale assembly line operation to meet the needs of manual translation, supplemented by the processing capacity of machine translation for medium and low-end content, so as to solve the problems of slow translation speed and high price in the past.&lt;br /&gt;
====6.2 Both Need to be Improved====&lt;br /&gt;
So far, the universal application of machine translation still focuses on the written form. Although Google and other companies have made attempts and achieved some achievements in machine interpretation, the technology of machine interpretation is still not mature enough. The author's proposal is not to replace artificial interpretation with machine interpretation, but to realize the intelligence of the middle and low-end market like written translation. In addition, artificial translation still needs to be refined. The requirements for translators should not only focus on the mastery of language, but also absorb more skilled personnel with professional background knowledge to join the professional translation team. The future industry integration will eliminate some translators with weak professional background knowledge. At the same time, expand the training mode of translation major in colleges and universities so that students can have more opportunities to participate in social practice. Meanwhile, colleges and universities should timely understand the needs of the industry, and carefully train students from the basic stage of freshman and sophomore, so as to make students more targeted for future employment.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
With the advent of the era of artificial intelligence, AI technology is affecting the development of translation on an unprecedented scale and speed, causing profound changes in the translation industry. On the one hand, machine translation at this stage has made great achievements, gradually penetrated into our life and work, and has been applied in many fields, which has brought great convenience to our life and work; On the other hand, there are many problems in machine translation，such as cultural differences and emotional factors in language, which makes it difficult for machine translation to replace artificial translation. Since machine translation and artificial translation have their own advantages, we need to face how to integrate them efficiently, so as to give full play to their advantages and improve translation efficiency and quality. Although the development prospect of machine translation is very bright, the scope of application of machine translation and translation technology is limited. It is mainly used in general news reports, scientific and technological texts and other highly repetitive texts, which cannot completely replace artificial translation. Even the most advanced neural machine translation system has only achieved good results in the fields of daily conversation, news translation and so on. Literary texts are highly metaphorical. Machine translation and translation technology can only be used as auxiliary translation means to serve professional translators. Machine translation and artificial intelligence will not replace human creativity and imagination, but will improve the quality of translation and avoid boring and repetitive translation work. The improvement of machine translation requires the joint efforts of computer science, information science, statistics, linguistics and other academic circles, so as to realize more mature man-machine mutual assistance translation. In general, machine translation is not only a challenge, but also an opportunity. If we want to turn the challenge into an opportunity, we must constantly improve our competitiveness, keep pace with the times, make full use of new technologies related to translation, and jointly create a new era of &amp;quot;man and machines dancing together&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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===References===&lt;br /&gt;
Fan Yuxiao 樊玉消.(2021). 浅谈人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译[A Brief Talk on Machine Translation and Human Translation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence] 海外英语 Overseas English(11)179-180&lt;br /&gt;
Liu YongQuan刘涌泉(1984)中国的机器翻译[China’s Machine Translation ].Bei Jing: Knowledge Press 知识出版社.&lt;br /&gt;
Li Li李利(2020) 浅析机器翻译和人工翻译的关系[A Brief Analysis of the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation]国际机关PR Magazine (09)276-277.&lt;br /&gt;
Liu Qun刘群（2012）机器翻译技术现状与展望 [Current Situation and Prospect of Machine Translation Technology]集成技术 Journal of Integration Technology(1)48-54.&lt;br /&gt;
Jin Wenlu 靳文璐. (2019). 机器翻译可以取代人工翻译吗? [Can machine translation replace artificial translation?]. 智库时代 Think Tank Times (40) 282-284.&lt;br /&gt;
Hu Kaibao Li Yi胡开宝，李翼(2016) 机器翻译特征及其与人工翻译关系的研究[Research on the Characteristics of Machine Translation and Its Relationship with Artificial Translation] 中国翻译 Chinese Translators Journal（37）：10-14&lt;br /&gt;
Dai Weichang 戴伟长（1994）国内外机器翻译进展状况[Progress of Machine Translation at Home and Abroad]软件世界 Software World(12):2-3&lt;br /&gt;
Wang Huashu WangXin王华树 王鑫(2021) 人工智能时代的翻译技术研究: 应用场景、 现存问题与趋势展望[Translation Research in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Application Scenarios, Existing Problems and Trends] 外国语文Foreign Language and Literature (01):9-17&lt;br /&gt;
Xu Yican Liu Jibin徐一灿 刘继斌(2017) 机器翻译的现状和前景[Current Situation and Prospect of Machine Translation] 海外英语Overseas English(11):117-118&lt;br /&gt;
Pang Yingyu(2019) 谈机器翻译与人工翻译的关系——从机器翻译与计算机辅助翻译的发展角度[The Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation -- From the Perspective of the Development of Machine Translation and Computer-aided Translation] 科学大众Popular Science(11):164-165&lt;br /&gt;
Liu Tianze刘天泽 浅谈人工智能翻译和人工翻译的比较与展望 A Brief Discussion on the Comparison and Prospect of Artificial Intelligence Translation and Artificial Translation海外英语 Overseas English(16):46-47&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=130044</id>
		<title>Machine translation</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=130044"/>
		<updated>2021-12-08T11:33:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
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30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
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=1 卫怡雯(A Comparison Between the Quality of Machine Translation and Human Translation——A Case Study of the Application of artificial intelligence in Sports Events)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]]&lt;br /&gt;
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=2 吴映红（The Introduction of Machine Translation)= &lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_2]]&lt;br /&gt;
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=3 肖毅瑶(On the Realm Advantages And Symbiotic Development of Machine Translation And Huamn Translation)=&lt;br /&gt;
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=4 王李菲 （Comparison Between Neural Machine Translation of Netease and Traditional Human Translation—A Case Study of The Economist Articles)= &lt;br /&gt;
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=6 徐敏赟(Machine Translation Based on Neural Network --Challenge or Chance?)=&lt;br /&gt;
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=7 颜莉莉(一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_7]]&lt;br /&gt;
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===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
In the era of artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence has been applied to various fields. In the field of translation, traditional translation models can no longer meet the rapid development and updating of the information age. The development of machine translation has brought structural changes to the language service industry, which poses challenges to the cultivation of translation talents. Under the background of &amp;quot;The Belt and Road initiative&amp;quot;, translation talents have higher and higher requirements on translation literacy. Artificial intelligence and translation technology are used to reform the training mode of translation talents, so as to better serve the development of The Times. This paper mainly explores the cultivation of artificial intelligence and translation talents under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative. The cultivation of translation talents is moving towards comprehensive cultivation of talents. On the contrary, artificial intelligence and machine translation can also be used to improve the teaching mode and teaching content, so as to win together in cooperation.&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Artificial intelligence,Machine translation,cultivation of translation talents,&amp;quot;The Belt and Road initiative&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养&lt;br /&gt;
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===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
进入人工智能时代，人工智能被应用于各个领域。在翻译领域，传统的翻译模式已无法满足信息化时代的飞速发展和更新，机器翻译的发展给语言服务行业带来了结构性改变，这对翻译人才的培养提出了挑战。“一带一路”背景下，对翻译人才的翻译素养要求越来越高，利用人工智能和翻译技术对翻译人才培养模式进行革新，更好为时代发展服务。本文主要探究在一带一路背景下人工智能和翻译人才培养，翻译人才的培养过程中正向对人才的综合性培养，反之也可以利用人工智能和机器翻译完善教学模式和教学内容，在合作中共赢。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能；机器翻译；翻译人才培养；一带一路&lt;br /&gt;
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===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of science and technology in China, artificial intelligence has also been greatly improved, and related technologies have been applied to various fields, such as the use of intelligent robots to deliver food to quarantined people during the epidemic, which has made people's lives more convenient. The most controversial and widely discussed issue is machine translation. Before the emergence of machine translation, translation was generally dominated by human translation, including translation and interpretation, which was divided into simultaneous interpretation and hand transmission, etc. It takes a lot of time and energy to cultivate a translation talent. However, nowadays, the era is developing rapidly and information is updated rapidly. As a translation talent, it is necessary to constantly update its knowledge reserve to keep up with the pace of The Times. The emergence of machine translation has also posed challenges to translation talents and the training of translation talents. Although machine translation had some problems in the early stage, it is now constantly improving its functions. In the context of the belt and Road Initiative, both machine translation and human translation are facing difficulties. Regardless of whether human translation is still needed, what is more important at present is how to train translators to adapt to difficulties and promote the cooperation between human translation and machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
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===2.Development status of machine translation in the era of artificial intelligence ===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of AI technology, machine translation has made great progress and has been applied to people's lives. For example, more and more tourists choose to download translation software when traveling abroad, which makes machine translation take an absolute advantage in daily email reply and other translation activities that do not require high accuracy. The translation software commonly used by netizens include Google Translation, Baidu Translation, Youdao Translation, IFly.com Translation, etc. Even wechat and other chat software can also carry out instant Translation into English. Some companies have also launched translation pens, translation machines and other equipment, which enables even native speakers to rely on machine translation to carry out basic communication with other Chinese people.&lt;br /&gt;
But so far, machine translation still faces huge problems. Although machine translation has made great progress, it is highly dependent on corpus and other big data matching. It does not reach the thinking level of human brain, and cannot deal with the problem of translation differences caused by culture and religion. In addition, many minor languages cannot be translated by machine due to lack of corpus.&lt;br /&gt;
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What's more, most of the corpus is about developed countries such as Britain and France, and most of the corpus is about diplomacy, politics, science and technology, etc., while there are very few about nationality, culture, religion, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
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In addition, machine translation can only be used for daily communication at present. If it involves important occasions such as large conferences and international affairs, it is impossible to risk using machine translation for translation work. Professional translators are required to carry out translation work. So machine translation still has a long way to go.&lt;br /&gt;
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===3.Challenges in the training of translation talents in universities===&lt;br /&gt;
The cultivation of translators is targeted at the market. Professors Zhu Yifan and Guan Xinchao from the School of Foreign Languages at Shanghai Jiao Tong University believe that the cultivation of translators can be divided into four types: high-end translators and interpreters, senior translators and researchers, compound translators and applied translators.&lt;br /&gt;
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From their names, it can be seen that high-end translators and interpreters and senior translators and researchers talents have high requirements on the knowledge and quality of interpreters, because they have to face the changing international situation, and have to deal with all kinds of sensitive relations and political related content, they should have flexible cross-cultural communication skills. In addition, for literature, sociology and humanities academic works, it is not only necessary to translate their content, but also to understand their essence. Therefore, translators should not only have humanistic feelings, but also need to have a deep understanding of Chinese and western culture.&lt;br /&gt;
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However, there is not much demand for this kind of translation in the society. Such high-level translation requirements are not needed in daily life and work. The greatest demand is for compound translators, which means that they should master knowledge in a specific field while mastering a foreign language. For example, compound translators in the financial field should not only be good at foreign languages, but also master financial knowledge, including professional terms, special expressions and sentence patterns.&lt;br /&gt;
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Now we say that machine translation can replace human translation should refer to the field of compound translation talents. Although AI technology has enabled machine translation to participate in creation, it does not mean that compound translation talents will be replaced by machines. The complexity of language and the flexible cross-cultural awareness required in communication make it impossible for machine translation to completely replace human translation.&lt;br /&gt;
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The last type of applied translation talents are mostly involved in the general text without too much technical content and few professional terms, so it is easy to be replaced by machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
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Therefore, the author thinks that what universities are facing at present is not only how to train translation talents to cope with the development of machine translation, but to consider the application of machine translation in the process of training translation talents to achieve human-machine integration, so as to better complete the translation work.&lt;br /&gt;
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===4.The Language environment and opportunities and challenges of the Belt and Road initiative===&lt;br /&gt;
During visits to Central and Southeast Asian countries in September and October 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping put forward the major initiative of jointly building the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. And began to be abbreviated as the Belt and Road Initiative.&lt;br /&gt;
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According to the Vision and Actions for Jointly Building silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, the Silk Road Economic Belt focuses on connecting China, Central Asia, Russia and Europe (the Baltic Sea). From China to the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea via Central and West Asia; China to Southeast Asia, South Asia, Indian Ocean. The focus of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road is to stretch from China's coastal ports to Europe, through the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean. From China's coastal ports across the South China Sea to the South Pacific.&lt;br /&gt;
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The Belt and Road &amp;quot;construction is comply with the world multi-polarization and economic globalization, cultural diversity, the initiative of social informatization tide, drive along the countries achieve economic policy coordination, to carry out a wider range, higher level, the deeper regional cooperation and jointly create open, inclusive and balanced, pratt &amp;amp;whitney regional economic cooperation framework.&lt;br /&gt;
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====4.1The language environment of the Belt and Road====&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;quot;Belt and Road&amp;quot; involves a wide range of countries and regions, and their languages and cultures are very complex. How to make good use of language, do a good job in translation services, actively spread Chinese culture to the world, strengthen the ability of discourse, and tell Chinese stories well, the first thing to do is to understand the language situation of the countries along the &amp;quot;Belt and Road&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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=====4.1.1The most common language in countries along the &amp;quot;Belt and Road&amp;quot; =====&lt;br /&gt;
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There are a wide variety of languages spoken in 65 countries along the Belt and Road, involving nine language families. However, The status of English as the first language in the world is undeniable. Most of the countries participating in the Belt and Road are developing countries, and many of them speak English as their first foreign language. Especially in southeast Asian and South Asian countries, English plays an important role in foreign communication, whether as the official language or the first foreign language. Besides English, more than 100 million people speak Russian, Hindi, Bengali, Arabic and other major languages in the &amp;quot;Belt and Road&amp;quot; countries. It can also be seen that a common feature of languages in countries along the &amp;quot;Belt and Road&amp;quot; is the popularization of English education. English is widely used in international politics, economy, culture, education, science and technology, playing the role of the most important language in the world.&lt;br /&gt;
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=====4.1.2The complex language conditions of countries along the &amp;quot;Belt and Road&amp;quot; =====&lt;br /&gt;
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The languages spoken in countries along the Belt and Road involve nine major language families and almost all the world's religious types. Differences in religious beliefs also result in differences in culture, customs and social values behind languages. The languages of some countries along the belt and Road have also been influenced by historical and realistic factors, such as colonization, internal division and immigration. &lt;br /&gt;
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India, for example, has no national language, but more than 20 official languages. India is a multi-ethnic country, a total of more than 100 people, one of the most obvious difference between nation and nation is the language problem. Therefore, according to the difference of language, India divides different ethnic groups into different states, big and small. Ethnic groups that use the same language are divided into one state. If there are two languages in a state, the state is divided into two parts. And Indian languages differ not only in word order but also in the way they are written. In India, for example, Hindi is spoken by the largest number of people in the north, with about 700 million speakers and 530 million as their first language. It is written in The Hindu language and belongs to the Indo-European language family. Telugu in the east is spoken by about 95 million people and 81.13 million as their first language. It is written in Telugu, which belongs to the Dravidian language family and is quite different from Hindi. As a result, a parliamentary session in India requires dozens of interpreters. &lt;br /&gt;
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These factors cannot be ignored in the process of translation, from language communication to cultural understanding, from text to thought exchange, through the bridge of language to truly connect the people, so as to avoid misreading and misunderstanding caused by differences in language and national conditions.&lt;br /&gt;
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====4.2 Opportunities and challenges of the &amp;quot;Belt and Road&amp;quot; ====&lt;br /&gt;
With the promotion of the Belt and Road Initiative, there has been an unprecedented boom in translation. In the previous translation boom in China, most of the foreign languages were translated into Chinese, and most of the foreign cultures were imported into China. However, this time, in the context of the &amp;quot;Belt and Road&amp;quot; initiative, translating Chinese into foreign languages has become an important task for translators. As is known to all, there are many different kinds of &amp;quot;One Belt And One Road&amp;quot; along the national language and culture is complex, the service &amp;quot;area&amp;quot; construction has become a factor in Chinese translation talents training mode reform, one of the foreign language universities have action, many colleges and universities to establish the &amp;quot;area&amp;quot; all the way along the country's small language major, as a result, &amp;quot;One Belt And One Road&amp;quot; initiative to promote, It has brought unprecedented opportunities for human translation. The cultivation of diversified translation talents and the cultivation of translation talents in small languages is an urgent problem to be solved in China. The cultivation of translation talents cannot be completed overnight, and the state needs to reform the training mode of translation talents from the perspective of language strategic development. Only in this way can we meet the new demand for human translation under the new situation of the belt and Road Initiative.&lt;br /&gt;
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For a long time, the traditional orientation of translation curriculum and training goal in colleges and universities is to train translation teachers and translators in need of society through translation theory and practice and literary translation practice, which cannot meet the needs of society. Since 2007, in order to meet the needs of the socialist market economy for application-oriented high-level professionals, the Academic Degrees Committee of The State Council approved the establishment of Master of Translation and Interpreting (MTI for short). After joining the pilot program of MTI, more and more universities are reforming the curriculum and training mode of master of Translation in order to cultivate translators who meet the needs of the society.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Language is an important carrier of culture, and translation is an important link for exporting culture. The quality of translation output also reflects the cultural soft power of a country. With the rise of China, more and more people are interested in Chinese culture, and the number of Chinese learners keeps increasing. Under the background of &amp;quot;One Belt and One Road&amp;quot;, excellent translators are urgently needed to spread Chinese culture. With the promotion of &amp;quot;One Belt and One Road&amp;quot; Initiative, the number of other countries learning mutual learning and cultural exchanges with China has increased unprecedeningly, bringing vigorous opportunities for the spread of Chinese culture. Translation talents who understand small languages and multi-lingual translators are needed. They should not only use language to convey information, but also use language as a lubricant for communication.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.Training translation talents from the perspective of machine translation===&lt;br /&gt;
Under the prevailing environment of machine translation, it poses a great challenge to the cultivation of translation talents. According to the current situation, translation needs and the shortage of translation talents, colleges and universities should reform and innovate the existing training programs for translation talents in terms of the quality of translation talents, the reform of training mode and the use of artificial intelligence. Based on the obtained data and literature, the author discusses how to train translation talents in the perspective of machine translation from the following aspects.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====5.1 Quality requirements for translation talents ====&lt;br /&gt;
Zhong Weihe and Murray made a more detailed and profound discussion on translator's literacy, believing that &amp;quot;translators should not only be proficient in two languages, but also have extensive cultural and encyclopedic knowledge and relevant professional knowledge; Master a variety of translation skills, a lot of translation practice; Have a clear translator role awareness, good professional ethics, practical and enterprising style of work, conscious team spirit and calm psychological quality &amp;quot;. According to the collected data, the author will elaborate the requirements for translation talents from four aspects: language literacy, humanistic literacy, translation ability and innovation ability.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first is language literacy, which is the most basic and important requirement. MAO Dun pointed out that &amp;quot;mastery of mother tongue and target language are the foundation of translation&amp;quot;. A solid foundation of bilingual skills is the basic skills of translators. Poor language proficiency seems to be a common problem among students majoring in translation and interpreting. Many translation diseases are caused by poor Chinese foundation. As part of going global, the belt and Road initiative is to tell Chinese culture and Chinese stories, which requires translators to be able to use both languages flexibly. Therefore, the first problem that colleges and universities face to solve is to improve the language level of foreign language learners.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The second is humanistic literacy. Humanistic literacy is mainly manifested by a good command of politics, economy, history, literature and other knowledge, which is particularly important for interpreters. In addition, cross-cultural communication cannot be ignored. In the process of communicating with foreigners or translating, translators often encounter the first cross-cultural contradiction. Cross-culture refers to having a full and correct understanding of cultural phenomena, customs and habits that differ or conflict with the national culture, and accepting and adapting to them in an inclusive manner on this basis. So the interpreter can first fully understand and master the national conditions and culture of the target country, which is particularly important in the &amp;quot;Belt and Road&amp;quot;. There are more than 60 countries along the &amp;quot;Belt and Road&amp;quot;, and it takes a lot of energy to master their national conditions and culture.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The third is translation ability. We should distinguish between translation ability and language ability. Translation ability is actually a system of knowledge and skills necessary for translation, the core of which is conversion ability. First of all, it reflects the ability to use tools to assist translation, such as computer application, translation technology and so on. In addition, interpreters should have enough healthy psychological quality and good professional quality. In terms of translation ability, the current training model of translation talents is inadequate.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The last one is innovation. The cultivation of learners' thinking ability is the key to translation teaching and the cultivation of thoughtful translators should be the connotation of translation teaching. Therefore, the interpreter is not only a translation tool, which is no different from machine translation. More importantly, it is necessary to explore translation with thoughts, have a sense of lifelong learning and innovation consciousness. Translators must constantly innovate themselves, learn new knowledge, and strive to seek reform and innovation. Many colleges and universities should also consciously cultivate students' innovation ability and broaden their thinking and vision.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====5.2 The reform of college curriculum setting====&lt;br /&gt;
First, we will further reform the curriculum of colleges and universities. Add economics, law and engineering to the curriculum, these contents in the &amp;quot;belt and Road&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;One Road&amp;quot; is very important in the construction. According to the author's personal experience, the most typical problem of foreign language majors in colleges and universities is the single learning of foreign languages. More professional foreign language colleges and universities will add some literature courses and national conditions courses of the language target countries. Obviously, whether foreign language graduates are engaged in translation work or not, these knowledge is not enough. Of course, great reforms have been carried out in foreign language teaching, such as combining foreign language with finance, law, diplomacy and so on, and taking the way of minor training foreign language majors.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Domestic enterprises with a high degree of internationalization attach great importance to translation. Their translation research includes cutting-edge theoretical and applied research, involving machine translation, natural language processing and AI theory, algorithm and model. With such a foundation, enterprises can solve problems by themselves, such as embedding automatic translation functions in mobile phones. International enterprises not only do technical translation, but also deal with all forms of translation and localization in society. At present, translation teaching in most colleges and universities is still in the early mode, and it is an objective fact that it is divorced from the workplace and has a gap with the needs of enterprises.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Second, we should adjust and strengthen the construction of second foreign language teaching for foreign language majors. In the 1980s, our country was in urgent need of Russian translation. At that time, students majoring in English could translate microelectronic product manuals and related business documents in English and Russian at the same time after learning Russian for half a year. The mutual conversion between English and Russian played a great role in practice. According to the author, in the Graduate Institute of Interpretation and Translation of Beijing Foreign Studies University a very few students majored in multiple languages at the graduate level, that is, they majored in minor languages at the undergraduate level and were admitted to the Graduate Institute of Interpretation and Translation in English. Their training mode is to study English in the Graduate Institute of Interpretation and Translation for two years and the third year in the corresponding department of the undergraduate major. Such training mode in my opinion is a bigger model, cost It's more difficult for students. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In addition, there is a great disparity in the development of second foreign language teaching in colleges and universities, and the overall level is not high enough. Part of the second foreign language university foreign language professional may still be too much focus in languages such as German, French and Japanese, should as far as possible, considering the need of the construction of the &amp;quot;region&amp;quot;, like Croatia, Serbia, Turkish, Hungarian, Italian, Indonesian, Albanian, these are the countries along the &amp;quot;area&amp;quot; the language of the two countries, Colleges and universities should encourage the teaching of a second foreign language.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Third, the teaching of translation technology should be strengthened. Traditional translation teaching teaches translation skills, such as the translation of words, sentences, texts and figures of speech. Translation technology refers to a series of practical workplace technologies with computer-aided translation software and translation project management as the core, which can greatly improve translation efficiency. However, due to the relative lack of translation technology teachers and equipment in colleges and universities, there is a disconnect between talent training and the requirements of translation technology in the translation field.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====5.3 Application of artificial intelligence to translation teaching practice====&lt;br /&gt;
In order to improve the teaching quality and train students' English translation ability, it is necessary to realize the effective integration of ARTIFICIAL intelligence and translation activity courses, which should not only reflect the effectiveness of artificial intelligence translation technology, but also help students establish a healthy concept of English communication. Through the application of artificial intelligence technology, students can strengthen their flexible translation skills through close communication with &amp;quot;AI program&amp;quot; during the learning stage of English translation activity class. For example, teachers can ask students to translate directly against the translation content provided on the translation screen of the ARTIFICIAL intelligence system. After that, the system can collect the translation answers with the help of speech recognition function, and then judge the accuracy of the translation content, thus providing important feedback to students.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
China has used such artificial intelligence technology in the Putonghua test to ensure that every student can find a suitable translation method in practical communication. The so-called artificial intelligence technology is a new kind of technology modeled after the characteristics of human neural network thinking, can combine the human mind to respond. If it can be integrated into English translation activity teaching, it can not only improve the teaching efficiency, but also enhance students' enthusiasm in learning the course.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At the same time, during the training of translation talents, teachers also need to take into account the importance of influencing education factors, so that students can form a higher disciplinary quality in translation, so as to fit the concept of quality education in the new era. Only when artificial intelligence translation content is fully integrated into college English translation activity courses can the overall translation ability of college students be maximized.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====5.4The improvement of translator's technical ability====&lt;br /&gt;
In the previous part, the author roughly mentioned that translation teaching should be improved, which will be elaborated here. At present, only a few universities can make full use of the advantages of translation technology in translation teaching and focus on cultivating professional translation talents. Most universities still cannot get rid of the traditional teaching mode of &amp;quot;language + relevant professional knowledge&amp;quot; in translation teaching, and generally lack a correct understanding of COMPUTER-aided translation teaching.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Wang Huashu et al., the courses that can be offered around the composition of translators' technical literacy include computer-assisted translation, translation and corpus, machine translation and post-translation editing, localization and internationalization, film and television translation (subtitle), technical communication and technical writing, and computer programming. The course modules involved are: Fundamentals of COMPUTER-aided Translation, CAT tool application, corpus alignment and processing, term management, QA technology for translation quality assurance, OFFICE fundamentals, translation management technology, basic computer knowledge, desktop typesetting, localization and internationalization, project management system and content management system, technical writing, basic knowledge of computer programming, basic knowledge of web code, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6针对一带一路的机器翻译与翻译人才的合作===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=8 颜静(On Machine Translation Under Lanuguage Intelligence——An Option and Opportunity for Human Translators)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_8]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=9 谢佳芬（人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=10 熊敏(Research on the English Chinese Translation Ability of Machine Translation for Various Types of Texts)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_10]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
The history of machine translation can be traced to 1940s, undergoing germination, recession, revival and flourish. Nowadays, with the rapid development of information technology, machine translation technology emerged and is gradually becoming mature. Whether manual translation can be replaced by machine translation becomes a widely-disputed topic. So in order to explore the ability of machine translation, I adopts two versions of translation, which are manual translation and machine translation(this paper uses Youdao translation) for different types of texts(according to Peter Newmark's types of text：informative text, expressive text and vocative text). The results are quite different in terms of quality and accuracy. The results show that machine translation is more suitable for informative text for its brevity, while the expressive texts especially literary works and vocative texts are difficult to be translated, because there are too many loaded words and cultural images in expressive text and dependence on the readers. To draw a conclusion, the relationship between machine translation and manual translation should be complementary rather than competitive.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
machine translation; manual translation; Newmark's type of texts&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
Research on the English Chinese Translation Ability of Machine Translation for Various Types of Texts&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译的历史可以追溯到上个世纪40年代，经历了萌芽期、萧条期、复兴期和繁荣期四个阶段。如今，随着信息技术的高速发展，机器翻译技术日益成熟，于是机器翻译能不能替代人工翻译这个话题引起了广泛热议。为了探究机器翻译的能力水平是否足以替代人工翻译，本人根据皮特纽马克的文本类型分类理论（信息类文本，表达文本，呼吁文本），选择了相应的译文类型，并且将其机器翻译的版本以及人工翻译的版本进行对比。结果发现，就质量和准确度而言，译文的水平大相径庭。因为其简洁的特性，机器比较适合翻译信息文本。而就表达文本，尤其是文学作品，因其存在文化负载词及相应的文化现象，所以机器翻译这类文本存在难度。而呼唤文本因其目的性以及对读者的依赖性较强，翻译难度较大。由此得知，机器翻译和人工翻译的关系应该是互补的，而不是竞争的。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译；人工翻译；纽马克文本类型&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
====1.1.Introduction to machine translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation, also known as computer translation is a technique to translating through machine translator, such as Google translation and Youdao translation. Machine translation is one of the branches of computational linguistics, ranging from computer science, statistics, information science and so on. Machine translation plays an important role in all aspects.&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation can be traced back to 1940s, when British engineer Booth and American engineer Weaver proposed using computer to translate and started to study machines used for translation. And the first machine translating system launched in 1954, used in English and Russian translation. And this means machine translation becomes a reality. However, the arrival of new things always accompanies barriers and setbacks. In the 1960s, reports from ALPAC (Automated Language Processing Advisory Committee) showed studies on machine translation had stagnated for a decade. At that time, due to the high cost of machine, choosing human translators to finish translating works was more economical for most companies. What’s worse, machine had difficulty in understanding semantic and pragmatic meanings. Fortunately, in the 1970s, with the advance and popularity of computer, machine translation was gradually back on track. With the development of science and technology, machine translation has better technological guarantee, such as artificial intelligence and computer technology. In the last decades, from the late 90s till now, machine translation is becoming more and more mature. The initial rule-oriented machine translation has been updated and Corpus-aided machine translation appears. And nowadays, technology in voice recognition has been further developed. This technique is frequently applied in speech translation products. Users only need to speak source language to the online translator and instantly it will speak out the target version. But machine can’t fully provide precise and accurate translation without any grammatical or semantic problems. Machine can understand the literal meaning of texts, but not the meaning in context. For example, there is polysemy in English, which refers to words having multiple meanings. So when translating these words, translators should take contexts into consideration. But machine has troubles in this way. In addition, machine has no feeling or intention. Hence, it is also difficult to convey the feelings from the source language.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2.Process of machine translation====&lt;br /&gt;
The process of manual translation is different from that of machine translation. Here is the process of the former. (1) Understand source language. (2) Use target language to organize language. (3) Generate translation. Unlike manual translation, machine translation tends to analyze and code source language first, then look for related codes in corpus, and work out the code that represents target language, generating translation. But they share a common feature, which is that Lexicon, grammatical rules and syntactic structure are taken into consideration. This is one of the biggest challenges for machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.Theorectical framework===&lt;br /&gt;
====2.1Newmark’s text typology====&lt;br /&gt;
Text typology is a theory from linguistics. It undergoes several phrases. Karl Buhler, a German psychologist and linguist defines communicative functions into expressive, information and vocative. Then Roman Jakobson proposes categorization of texts, which are intralingual translation, interlingual translation and intersemiotic translation. Accordingly, he defines six main functions of language, including the referential function, conative function, emotive function, poetic function, metalingual function and the phatic function. Based on the two theories, Peter Newmark, a translation theorist, summarizes the language function into six parts: the informative function, the vocative function, the expressive function, the phatic function, the aesthetic function, and the metalingual function. Later, he further divided texts into informative type, expressive text and vocative type according to the linguistic functions of various texts. &lt;br /&gt;
The core of the informative texts is the truth. It is to convey facts, information, knowledge of certain topics, reality and theories. The language style of the text is objective, logical and standardized. Reports, papers, scientific and technological textbooks are all attributed to informative texts. Translators are required to take format into account for different styles.&lt;br /&gt;
The core of the expressive text is the sender’s emotions and attitudes. It is to express sender’s preferences, feelings, views and so on. The language style of it is subjective. Imaginative literature, including fictions, poems and dramas, autobiography and authoritative statements belong to expressive text. It requires translators to be faithful to the source language and maintain the style.&lt;br /&gt;
The core of the vocative text is readership. It is to call upon readers to act, think, feel and react in the way intended by the text. So it is reader-oriented. Such texts as advertisement, propaganda and notices are of vocative text. Newmark noted that translators need to consider cultural background of the source language and the semantic and pragmatic effect of target language. If readers can comprehend the meaning at once and do as the text says, then the goal of information communication is achieved.&lt;br /&gt;
To draw a conclusion, informative texts focus on the information and facts. Expressive texts center on the mind of addressers, including feelings, prejudices and so on. And vocative texts are oriented on readers and call on them to practice as the texts say.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====2.2Study method====&lt;br /&gt;
Manual translations of the three texts are selected from authoritative versions and universally acknowledged. And machine translations of those come from Youdao Translator. And in this thesis I will compare and evaluate the two methods in word diction, sentence structure, word order and redundancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.Comparison and analysis of machine translation and manual translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
====3.1Informative text ====&lt;br /&gt;
（1）English into Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
①Source language:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Keep the tip of Apple Pencil clean, as dirt and other small particles may cause excessive wear to the tip or damage the screen of i-pad.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Target language:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation: Apple Pencil笔尖应保持清洁，灰尘等小颗粒可能会导致笔尖过度磨损或损坏ipad屏幕。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Manual translation: 保持Apple Pencil铅笔的笔尖干净，因为灰尘和其他微粒可能会导致笔尖的过度磨损或损坏iPad屏幕。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Analysis: Here is the instruction of Apple Pencil. And the manual translation is the Chinese version on the instruction.Product instruction tends to be professional, since there are many terms for some concepts. Machine can easily identify these terms and provide related words to translate. The machine version is faithful and expressive to the source language. So it is well-qualified and readable for readers to understand the instruction. So we can use machine to translate informative text.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
②Source language:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
China on Saturday launched a rocket carrying three astronauts-two men and one woman - to the core module of a future space station where they will live and work for six months, the longest orbit for Chinese astronauts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Target language:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation: 周六，中国发射了一枚运载三名宇航员(两男一女)的火箭，进入未来空间站的核心舱，他们将在那里生活和工作6个月，这是中国宇航员最长的轨道。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Manual translation: 周六，中国发射了一枚搭载三名宇航员(两男一女)的火箭，进入未来空间站的核心舱，他们将在那里生活和工作6个月，这是中国宇航员最漫长的一次轨道飞行。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Analysis: This is a news from Reuters, reporting that China has launched a rocket.The meaning of the two translations is almost the same, except for some word diction. But there are some details dealt with different choice. For example, the last sentence of the machine translation is a bit of obscure and direct. There are some ambiguous words and expressions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(2)Chinese into English&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Source language:湖南省博物馆是湖南省最大的历史艺术类博物馆，占地面积4.9万平方米，总建筑面积为9.1万平方米，是首批国家一级博物馆，中央地方共建的八个国家级重点博物馆之一、全国文化系统先进集体、文化强省建设有突出贡献先进集体。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Target language:&lt;br /&gt;
Manual translation: As the largest history and art museum in Hunan province, the Hunan Museum covers an area of 49,000㎡, with the building area reaching 91,000㎡. It is one of the first batch of national first-level museums and one of the first eight national museums co-funded by central and local governments.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation: Museum in hunan province is one of the largest historical art museum in hunan province, covers an area of 49000 square meters, a total construction area of 91000 square meters, is the first national museum, the central place to build one of the eight national key museum, national cultural system advanced collectives, strong culture began with outstanding contribution of advanced collective.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Analysis: Machine translation is not faithful enough in content. For instance, “首批国家一级博物馆” is translated into “first national museum”, which is not the meaning of the source language. And there are some obvious grammar mistakes in the machine translation. For example, machine translates it into just one sentence but there are multiple predicates in it. So it is not grammatically permissible. What’s more, the sentence structure of machine translation is confusing and the focus is not specific enough.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====3.2Expressive text ====&lt;br /&gt;
(1)English into Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Source language:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
An individual human existence should be like a river- small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past rocks and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible breaks, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Target language:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation: 一个人的存在应该像一条河流——开始很小，被紧紧地夹在两岸中间，然后热情奔放地冲过岩石，飞下瀑布。渐渐地，河面变宽，两岸后退，水流更加平缓，最后，没有任何明显的停顿，它们汇入大海，毫无痛苦地失去了自己的存在。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Manual translation:人生在世，如若河流；河口初始狭窄，河岸虬曲，而后狂涛击石，飞泻成瀑。河道渐趋开阔，峡岸退去，水流潺缓，终了，一马平川，汇于大海，消逝无影。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Analysis: Here is a well-known metaphor in the prose How to Grow Old written by Bertrand Russell. The manual translation is written by Tian Rongchang.This is a philosophical prose with graceful language. Literary translation is a most important and difficult branch of translation. Translator should focus on the literal meaning, culture, writing style and so on. It is a combination of beauty and elegance. Therefore, translators find it in a dilemma of beauty and faithfulness, let alone translating machine. Compared with manual translation, machine translation has difficulty in word choice. It is faithful and expressive, but not elegant enough.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(2)Chinese into English&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Source language:没有一个人将小草叫做“大力士”，但是它的力量之大，的确是世界无比。这种力，是一般人看不见的生命力，只要生命存在，这种力就要显现，上面的石块，丝毫不足以阻挡。因为它是一种“长期抗战”的力，有弹性，能屈能伸的力，有韧性，不达目的不止的力。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Target language:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation: No one calls the little grass &amp;quot;hercules&amp;quot;, but its power is truly matchless in the world. This force is invisible life force. As long as there is life, this force will show itself. The stone above is not strong enough to stop it. Because it is a &amp;quot;long-term resistance&amp;quot; of the force, elastic, can bend and extend force, tenacity, not to achieve the purpose of the force.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Manual translation: Though nobody describes the little grass as a “husky”, yet its herculean strength is unrivalled. It is the force of life invisible to naked eye. It will display itself so long as there is life. The rock is utterly helpless before this force- a force that will forever remain militant, a force that is resilient and can take temporary setbacks calmly, a force that is tenacity itself and will never give up until the goal is reached. (by Zhang Peiji)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Analysis:This is the excerpt of a well-known Chinese prose written by Xia Yan. It is written during the war of Resistance Against Japan. So the prose holds symbolic meaning, eulogizing the invisible tenacious vitality so as to encourage Chinese to have confidence in the anti-aggression war. Compared with manual translation, machine translation is much more abstract and confusing, especially for the word diction. For example, “大力士” is translated into “hercules” which is a man of exceptional strength and size in Greek and Roman Mythology, making it difficult to understand if readers of target language have no idea of the allusion. What’s worse, the machine version doesn’t reveal the symbolic meaning of the text, which is the core of this prose.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====3.3Vocative text ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(1)English into Chinese&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
①Source language:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
iPhone went to film school, so you don’t have to. (Advertisement of iPhone13)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Target language:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation: iPhone上的是电影学院，所以你不用去。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Manual translation:电影专业课，iPhone同学替你上完了。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Analysis：Here are advertisements of iPhone on Apple official website. There is a personification in the source language. It is used to stress the advancement and proficiency in camera, which is an appealing selling point to potential buyers. Compared with manual translation, machine translation is plain and not eye-catching enough for customers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
②Source language: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
5G speed   OMGGGGG&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Machine language: 5克的速度   OMGGGGG&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Manual translation:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
iPhone的5G     巨巨巨巨巨5G&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Analysis: The “G” in the source language is the unit of speed, standing for generation. However, it is mistaken as a unit of weight, representing gram in the machine translation. So the meaning is not faithful to the source language at all. As for manual translation, it complies with the source in form. Specifically speaking, five “G”s in the former complies with five characters “巨”in the latter. And the pronunciation of the two is similar. There are two layers of meaning for the 5 “G”s. One exclaims the fast speed of 5 generation network and the other new technology. In the manual version, “巨”can be used to show degree, meaning “quite” or “very”. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
③Source language: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
History, faith and reason show the way, the way of unity. We can see each other not as adversaries but as neighbors. We can treat each other with dignity and respect, we can join forces, stop the shouting and lower the temperature. For without unity, there is no peace, only bitterness and fury.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Target language:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation: 历史、信仰和理性指明了团结的道路。我们可以把彼此视为邻居，而不是对手。我们可以尊严地对待彼此，我们可以联合起来，停止大喊大叫，降低温度。因为没有团结，就没有和平，只有痛苦和愤怒。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Manual translation:历史、信仰和理性为我们指明道路。那是团结之路。我们可以把彼此视为邻居，而不是对手。我们可以有尊严地相互尊重。我们可以联合起来，停止喊叫，减少愤怒。因为没有团结就没有和平，只有痛苦和愤怒&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Analysis: Speech is a way to propagate some activity in public. It is an art to inspire emotion of the audience. The source language is the excerpt of Joe Biden’s inaugural speech. The speech should be inspiring and logic. The machine translation has some misunderstanding. Taking the translation of “lower the temperature” for example, machine only translates its literal meaning, relating to the temperature itself, without considering the context. What’s more, it is less logic than the manual one. Therefore, it adds difficulty to inspire the audience and infect their emotion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.Common mistakes in machine translation  ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====4.1 lexical mistakes  ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Common lexical mistakes include misunderstandings in word category, lexical meaning and emotive and evaluative meaning. Misunderstanding in word category shows in the classification of word in the source language. As for misunderstanding in lexical meaning, machine has difficulty in precisely reflecting the meaning of the original texts, due to different cultural background and different language system. And for misunderstanding in emotive meaning, machine has no intention and emotion like human-beings. Therefore, it’s impossible for it to know writers’ feelings and their writing purposes. So sometimes, it may translate something negative into something positive.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====4.2	grammatical mistakes====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Grammatical analysis plays an important part in translation. Normally speaking, every language has its own unique grammatical rules. So in the process of translation, if translators don’t know the formation rule well, the sentence meaning will be affected. Even though all the lexical meanings are well-known by translators, the lack of consciousness of grammaticality makes it harder to arrange words according to sequential rule. English tends to be hypotactic, while Chinese tends to be paratactic. English sentences are connected through syntactic devices and lexical devices. While Chinese sentences are semantically connected, which means there are limited logical words and connection words in Chinese. So when translating English sentence, we should first analyze its grammaticality and logical structure and then rearrange its sequence. However, online translating machine has troubles in grammatical analysis, which makes its improvement more difficult.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====4.3	other mistakes====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The two mistakes above are the internal ones. Apart from mistakes in linguistic system, there are some mistakes in other aspects, such as cultural background.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.Reasons for its common mistakes ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====5.1	Difference in two linguistic system====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With different history, English and Chinese have different ways of expression. Commonly speaking, English is synthetic language which expresses grammatical meaning through inflection such as tense and Chinese is analytic language which expresses grammatical meaning through word order and function word. In addition, English is more compact with full sentences. Subordinate sentence is one of the most important features in modern English. Chinese, on the other hand, is more diffusive with minor sentences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====5.2	Difference in thinking patterns and cultural background====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Sapir-Whorf’s Hypothesis, our language helps mould our way of thinking and consequently, different languages may probably express their unique ways of understanding the world. For two different speech communities, the greater their structural differentiations are, the more diverse their conceptualization of the world will be. For example, western culture is more direct and eastern culture more euphemistic. What’s more, English culture tends to be individualism, focusing on detail, through which it reflects the whole, while Chinese culture tends to be collective. Different thinking patterns will add difficulty for machine to translate texts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====5.3	Limitation of computer====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Recently, there are some breakthroughs and innovation in machine translation. However, due to its own limitation, online translation has limitation in some ways. Firstly, compared with machine, human brain is much more complicated, consisting of ten billions of neuron, each of which has different function to affect human’s daily activities and help humans avoid some errors. However, computer can only function according to preset programming has no intention or consciousness. Until now, countless related scholars have invested much time in machine translation. They upload massive language database, which include almost all linguistic rules. But computers still fail to precisely reflect the meaning of source language for many times due to the complexity and flexibility of language.  On the other hand, computers can’t take context into consideration. During translation, it is often the case that machine chooses the most-frequently used meaning of one word. So without the correct and exact meaning, readers are easier to feel confused and even misunderstand the meaning of source language.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6.Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
From the analysis above, we can draw a conclusion that machine deals with informative text best, followed by non-literary translation of expressive text. What’s more, machine can be a useful tool to get to know the gist and main idea of a specific topic, for the simple sentence structure and numerous terms. And it can improve translating efficiency with high speed. But machine has difficulty in translating literary works, especially proses and poems.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation has mixed future. From the perspective of commercial, machine translation boasts a bright future. With the process of globalization, the demand for translation is increasing accordingly. On one hand, if we only depend on human translator to deal with translating works, the quality and accuracy of translation can be greatly affected. On the other hand, if machine is used properly to do some basic work, human translators only need to make preparation before translating, progress, polish and other advanced work, contributing to highly-qualified translation and high working efficiency.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However, compared with manual translation, machine translation has a bleak future. It is still impossible for machine to replace interpreter or translator in a short term. With intelligence and initiative, humans are able to learn new knowledge constantly, which machine will never accomplish. Besides, machine is not used to replace translators but to assist them in work. In other words, translators and machine carry out their own duties and they are not incompatible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To draw a conclusion, although there are certain limitations of machine translation, it can serve as a catalyst for translating works. Therefore, with the rapid development of artificial intelligence and related technology, there are still many opportunities for machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Reference ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cui Zihan 崔子涵.机器翻译译文质量对比——以谷歌翻译和DeepL为例[J] [Comparison among Machine Translation--Taking Google Translation and Deepl for Example].Overseas English 海外英语,2021(15):182-183.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Li Deyi 李德毅. (2018). 人工智能导论 [Introduction to Artificial Intelligence]. Beijing: China Science and Technology Press 中国科学技术出版社.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Qiu Quanju 仇全菊.大数据时代背景下机器翻译及其发展趋势[J][Machine Translation and its Development Trend under the Background of Big Data Era]. English Teachers 英语教师,2021,21(16):60-62.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Zhuo Jianbin 卓键滨,Liu Wenxian 刘文娴,Peng Zili 彭子莉.机器翻译对各类型文本的德汉翻译能力探究[J][Research on the German Chinese Translation Ability of Machine Translation for Various Types of Texts]. Comparative Study of Cultural innovation 文化创新比较研究,2021,5(28):122-125.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(英) Peter Newmark A Textbook of Translation[M] Shanghai Foreign Education Press, 2002&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wang Hongqi 王红旗. (2008). 语言学概论 [Introduction to Linguistics]. Beijing: Peking University Press 北京大学出版社.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Liu Qin刘琴.功能目的论对于不同文本类型的翻译解读[J][Analysis of Translations in Different Types of Text based on Functionalist Approaches].Overseas Engliosh 海外英语,2021(17):8-9.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Zhang Peiji 张培基.英译中国现代散文选[M][Selected Modern Chinese Prose Writings]. Shanghai Foreign Languages Education Press 上海外语教育出版社, 2002.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Chen Cheng陈诚.机器翻译技术的综述[J][Overview of Machine Translation Technology].Electronic Techonology 电子技术,2021,50(11):290-291.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He Xinyu何馨宇.机器翻译的发展及其对翻译职业化的影响研究[J] [The Development of Machine Translation and its Effect on Professional Transltors].Overseas English 海外英语,2021(20):48-49.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He Wen 何雯, Wang Xiufeng 王秀峰.信息型文本的在线机器翻译错误研究[J][Research on Errors in Online Machine Translation of Informative text ].Overseas English海外英语,2021(15):188-189.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Li Hanji 李晗佶. (2021). 人工智能时代翻译技术与译者关系演变与重构 [Evolution and reconstruction of the relationship between translation technology and translators in the era of artificial intelligence]. 西华师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) Journal of West China Normal University (PHILOSOPHY AND SOCIAL SCIENCES EDITION) (2021-12-04) 1-6.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wei Guang魏光. 人工翻译与机器翻译译文编辑比较研究[J][Comparative Study of Translation Editing between Manual Translation and Machine Translation]. Overseas English 海外英语,2021(19):18-19+21.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=11 陈惠妮=(Study on Pre- editing of Machine Translation - A Case Study of Medical Abstracts)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_11]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
At present, globalization is accelerating and the market demand for language services is rapidly increasing . Machine translation, as an important translation method, can greatly improve translation efficiency due to its low cost and high speed. However, because of the limitations of machine translation and the differences between Chinese and English language, machine translation is not accurate enough. In order to balance translation efficiency and translation quality, a great number of manual revisions in translation are required for the machine translating texts. Medical papers are specialized, special and purposeful, so it requires accurate,qualified and professional translation. However, the quality of translations by machine is inefficient to meet the high-quality requirements of medical papers translation. Therefore, the introduction of pre-editing can greatly improve the efficiency and quality of machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Pre-editing, Machine translation, Medical texts&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
Study on Pre- editing of Machine Translation - A Case Study of Medical Abstracts&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
在全球化加速发展的今天，市场对语言服务的需求迅速增加。机器翻译作为一种重要的翻译途径，由于其成本低、速度快，可以大大提高翻译效率。然而，由于机器翻译的局限性以及中英文语言的差异，机器翻译的准确性不高。为了平衡翻译效率和翻译质量，机器翻译文本需要大量的手工修改。&lt;br /&gt;
医学论文具有专业性、特殊性和目的性，要求其译文准确、合格、专业。然而，机器翻译的质量较低，无法满足医学论文对翻译的高质量要求。因此，译前编辑的引入可以大大提高机器翻译的效率和质量。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
译前编辑；机器翻译；医学文本&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
===1.1 Definition of Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
As Cronin(2013) revealed: &amp;quot;Translation is undergoing a revolutionary upheaval. The influence of digital technology and the Internet on translation is continuous, extensive and profound. From the popularity of automatic online translation applications, translation revolution is everywhere (Cronin,2013) However,the concept of machine translation was firstly proposed in the 1930s. Since 1940s, the machine translation technology has been evolving from rule-based machine translation (RBMT) to statistical machine translation (SMT), and to neural machine translation (NMT). Machine translation refers to the automatic translation of source language into target language by using a computer system. That is, machine translation refers to the automatic translation of text from one language into another natural language by computer software or other online translation webs. Machine translation is also defined as the process of “using a computer system to automatically translate text or speech from one natural language to another” according to the definition by ISO (Cui, 2014).O 'Brien (2002) defines it as &amp;quot;the behavior of modifying errors in machine translation to ensure that the target translation meets certain quality requirements&amp;quot;. On the basic level, machine translation performs mechanical substitution of words in one language for words in another language, but that rarely produces a good translation, therefore, recognition of the whole phrases and their closest counterparts in the target language is needed. Not all words in one language have equivalents in another language, and many words have more than one meaning. A huge demand for translation is greatly needed in today’s global world, which creates new opportunities for the development of machine translation, attracts more and more attention and becomes one of the current research focuses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1.2 Definition of Pre-editing===&lt;br /&gt;
Pre-editing means to adjust and modify the source language to make it fit more with  the characteristics of the machine translation software before putting the source language before the into machine translation, so as to improve the quality of the translation machine translation (Wei Changhong, 2008:93-94). Pre-editing is to modify the original text before putting it into machine translation software, in order to improve the recognition rate of machine translation, optimize the output quality of translated text and reduce the workload of post-editing. Because pre-translation editing only needs to be modified in one language, the operation is simpler than post-translation editing, which can realize the double improvement of quality and efficiency. A good pre-editing translation can help machine translation more smoothly, thus improving the machine readability and quality of the output translation. Pre-editing is mostly applied in the following situations: one is when the original text is of poor quality and the machine is difficult to recognize the meaning of the sentence, such as user generated content with poor readability and translatability (Gerlach et al, 2003:45-53); Documents that need to be published in multiple languages; Next is when the original text contains a lot of jargon; The last is the original text has a corresponding translation memory bank. If the original text is edited, it can better match the content of the translation memory bank. Pre-editing is a process of identifying problems. It requires to pre-edit the source texts before putting it into machine translation according to the requirements, listing the expressions or sentences that may have trouble in machine translation and then pre-edit it by human. The purpose is to enable the computer to translate better, improve the translatability of machine translation. (Slype G V &amp;amp; Guinet J F &amp;amp; Seitz F,1984:115)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1.3 Machine Translation Mode===&lt;br /&gt;
According to the different knowledge acquisition methods, machine translation modes can be classified as follows: one is rule-based machine translation, which is based on bilingual dictionaries and a library of language rules for each language. The quality of translation depends on whether the source language conforms to the existing rules, but the inexhaustible rules are the hinders of this model. The second mode is machine translation based on statistics. This translation model relies on the principles of mathematics and statistics to find various existing translations corresponding to the translation tasks through the employment of corpus, analyzing the frequency of their occurrence and selecting the translation with the highest frequency for output. The disadvantage of this translation model is that it ignores the flexibility of language and the importance of context. The last one is neural network language model. This model is different from previous translation models in that it uses end-to-end neural network to realize automatic translation between natural languages. At present, the quality of its translation is much higher than that of the previous translation models.&lt;br /&gt;
===1.4 Source of Study Abstracts===&lt;br /&gt;
The core medical journals from domestic are selected in order to make the paper more representative and authoritative, such as National Medical Journal of China, Journal of Peking University (Health Science), and Journal of Third Military Medical University. All of them include basic medical science, biomedical technology, laboratory medical science and other fields. In this way, the pre-editing approaches included are applicable enough to machine translation of medical abstracts.&lt;br /&gt;
===1.5 Selection of Translation Software===&lt;br /&gt;
Generally, machine translation software includes Google Translation, Youdao Translator and Niu Translation, which has their own special use in translation. Take Google as an example, it is more like neurons in human brain, enabling to learn and collect information to establish connections with its neural machine translator’s neurons. However, it also causes many errors because of the lack of enough information. In this paper, contrastive analysis will be carried on by using Google translation. On the one hand, being a pioneer in the translation of NET, it is inevitably to sue Google as the translation software to translate medical texts in this paper. Comparing the program called “Google brain”, other NMT of translation software are relatively disadvantages. On the other hand, the Google translation enjoys the largest users in the world, with its downloads of more than one billion. The output quality of Google translation is more correct and complete than other machine translation software. With years of development and improvement, Google Translation has been greatly promoted. In this paper, Chinese medical abstract will be automatically translated by Google translation, and then the translation output will be compared with the translation by human and the publication of English abstracts. The main purpose is to prove that the improvement and promotion of quality and accuracy in the medical abstracts will be obtained through the pre-editing approaches.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.Language Characteristics and Error Division===&lt;br /&gt;
Since Chinese and English are two different languages, it is quite neccessary to identify their own characteristics so as to better analyze and understand the two languages. Tytler (1978) argued in his Essay on the Principles of Translation that there are three principles of translation that in all the translation should give readers the same feelings as the source text, except for complete transcript of ideas. There actually also exit some mistakes of these two languages. So the following will make some clarrifications of these two languages to ensure more accurate translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.1 Language Characteristics of Medical Abstracts===&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese and English belong to different language systems, so there are differences in their language structure and the way users think of the languages. When using machine translation from Chinese to English, due to the unequal language levels, there will be many mistakes in the translation process, especially for ESP texts, such as medical papers. &lt;br /&gt;
Here, these differences mainly refer to the linguistic characteristics of medical abstracts. In medical abstracts, it usually includes structured and unstructured abstracts. Although in different forms, they both describe the purpose, methods and conclusions of the research.&lt;br /&gt;
In the method section of medial abstract, several Chinese sentences can be connected with commas, but each sentence may convey different information. In contrast, English sentences contain a great deal of information, but in order to ensure clarity, some modifiers need to be isolated and then reconstructed. However, in Chinese-English machine translation, a lot of information is put into the sentence because the machine segments the sentence on the basis of the full comma.&lt;br /&gt;
In addition, subjectless sentence is used in the objective and method parts of Chinese medical abstracts. The subjectless sentence means the sentence without or free from subject and is usually employed in two contexts. The first is &amp;quot;needless to say&amp;quot;. In Chinese sentences, it is common to omit the subject of the sentence. Chinese sentences can convey meanings by using incomplete sentence structures, so Chinese speakers can understand the meanings of the sentences even though the sentence subject is omitted. The second is &amp;quot;emphasis of action&amp;quot;. In this context, subjectless sentences are used to describe behaviors, especially in the study of traditional Chinese medicine abstracts. Comparatively speaking, it should be avoided in English medical abstracts. Abstract sentences are more subjective when describing the learning process, while the essential requirement of English medical abstract is objectivity. From this point, sentences without subject should be avoided in English medical abstracts. Another feature is voice. Few words with passive meanings appear in Chinese abstracts. English sentences are more favoured in using passive voice. When translating from Chinese to English, passive voice should be used to make the contents objective, which is also the basic requirement of medical papers.&lt;br /&gt;
These are the linguistic features of Chinese medical abstracts. There are great differences in sentence structure and expression between Chinese and English medical abstracts. These differences may reduce the accuracy of machine translation, so it is necessary to introduce pre-editing to edit the source text to ensure that the source text can be accurately recognized by the machine and fully translated into English.&lt;br /&gt;
===2.2 Error Division of Machine Translation in Translating Abstracts of Medical Papers from Chinese to English===&lt;br /&gt;
In this paper, errors in machine translation are listed out after analyzing. Some are due to the principles, such as statistical-based MT and NMT, employed by machine translation. Based on the original errors, they can be studied from two levels. One is from the macro-level, referring to mistakes caused by objective factors. These are not human factors, but the disadvantage of machine translation and the limitations of language. The limitations of machine translation are derived from the principles and models adopted and manifests itself as a reliance on reference sources. In this case, semantic ambiguity and textual incoherence may occur in the absence of reference sources.&lt;br /&gt;
However, for ESP texts such as medical papers, the requirements for terms and sentence patterns are far beyond the existing corpora. For unfamiliar texts (that is, the corresponding texts cannot be found in the corpora). The quality of output translation will be relatively low, which is determined by the principles of machine translation. As mentioned above, machine translation has evolved over the past few decades from rules-based to corp-based statistics to NMT. However, there still exist some limitations in machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
Mistakes on micro-level are mainly caused by the variations and differences of linguistic structure between Chinese and English. Chinese is an implicit language, while English is an explicit one (Lian, 2010) To put it in another way, Chinese expression does not depend on language structures, while English does the opposite. This may result in mismatches between the original and machine translated sentences. This kind of error is mainly divided into two types: component fragment and component missing. For a medical paper, such errors are very serious. As a kind of ESP discourse, medical paper has the characteristics of fixed, objective and accurate language structure. In order to reproduce the characteristics of medical abstracts in translation, it is necessary to avoid errors at the level of words and sentences and pay attention to logic and consistency.&lt;br /&gt;
Lexical errors here refer to the inconsistency of fixed expressions in the translation of terms. Although these terms are machine translation based on the corpus, the corpus may not be perfect for ESP texts such as medical papers. Therefore, fixed expressions are not used in term translation. This is also the most common mistake in machine translation (the term here includes but is not limited to nouns). For ESP texts, medical text in particular, the fixed expressions and the accuracy of terms are of great importance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.Approaches Proposed for Pre-editing ===&lt;br /&gt;
Generally speaking, there is a close relationship between pre-editing and post-editing, both of which aim to convey information and ensure high or publishable translation quality. Proper pre-editing can improve the quality of machine translation in terms of adequacy and consistency. &lt;br /&gt;
Complexity of natural language and people use language arbitrarily, bringing many difficulties to Chinese-English machine translation, Hu Qingping (2005:24) has proposed &amp;quot;the research of translation software and the development of the controlled language are the two directions to improve the quality of machine translation : the former aims at the difficulty in the natural language processing, the latter overcomes the arbitrariness of natural language&amp;quot;. Feng Quangong and Gao Lin (2017: 63-68) put forward: &amp;quot;The writing principles of controlled language can be applied to pre-editing of machine translation. Pre-editing based on controlled language can effectively reduce the complexity and ambiguity of source text, improve the identifiability of machine translation (the translatability of source text itself), and thus reduce (fully) the workload of post-editing&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
The central task of pre-editing is to transform human-friendly content into machine-friendly content, so words and sentences need to be repositioned or even changed. Based on the analysis of the language characteristics of Chinese and English, the Chinese ideographic group should be split before the Chinese source text is input into the machine software to translate so that the sentence structure is complete  which can be easily recognized by the machine translation software.&lt;br /&gt;
===3.1 Extraction and Replacement of Terms in the Source Text===&lt;br /&gt;
As a branch of applied English, medical English is the product of the combination of English language knowledge and medical knowledge. The terms in medical papers have the characteristics of fixed and complex language structure. Although Google Translation is based on a corpus, the language structure is not fixed due to the limited size of the corpus. Therefore, the following two steps should be followed before machine translation. The first is to extract terms and create a glossary, and then replace the Chinese terms in the source text with the corresponding English expressions in the glossary. Of course, the terms of extraction should be searched and verified according to the actual situation. All of these words are verified before they can be replaced. This method can not only ensure the accuracy of term translation, but also maintain the consistency of expression, especially when dealing with long texts.&lt;br /&gt;
Example1&lt;br /&gt;
Source abstract: 口腔白斑病癌变相关缺氧应答基因和微小RNA的芯片及表达验证。&lt;br /&gt;
Google translation: Microarray detection/Chip detection and expression verification of hypoxia response genes and microRNAs related to oral leukoplakia canceration.&lt;br /&gt;
Published translation:Transcriptome array screening and verification of oral leukoplakia carcinogenesis-related hypoxia-responsive gene and microRNA. &lt;br /&gt;
Analysis: The expression “ Affymetrix GeneChip” empolyed in this thesis is a human transcription array for transcriptome array. In the source abstract, “芯片检测“ can be meant “screening” but not detection, so the proper and appropriate translation of these expression should be “transcription array screening”, but the Google translates it into “microarry detection of chip detection”. Therefore, term extraction is essential and inevitable before putting the source abstracts into the machine translation software.&lt;br /&gt;
After pre-editing source abstracts: 对 oral leukoplakia carcinogenesis 相关 hypoxia-responsive gene 和微小RNA进行 transcriptome array screening 及表达验证。&lt;br /&gt;
After pre-editing translation: Transcriptome array screening and expression- verification of hypoxia-responsive genes and microRNAs related to oral leukoplakia carcinogenesis.&lt;br /&gt;
===3.2 Explication of Subordination===&lt;br /&gt;
As mentioned above, the subordination of Chinese sentences is judged by certain specific words in machine translation . Chinese is a paratactic language, and sentences are often connected by internal logical relationships; while English depends on sentence structure, so sentences are often closely linked by various language forms. In order to improve the accuracy of machine translation, we can adjust the sentence structure and adjust the position of adjectives and their modifiers. &lt;br /&gt;
Example 2&lt;br /&gt;
Source abstracts:回顾性分析南京医科大学附属儿童医院中重度HIE患儿49例及同期就诊的无神经系统症状体征的足月新生儿为对照组31例的头颅磁共振成像（MRI）资料。&lt;br /&gt;
Google translation: A retrospective analysis that the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of 49 children with moderate to severe HIE in the Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and full-term neonates with no neurological symptoms and signs during the same period were included in the control group.&lt;br /&gt;
Published translation: A total of 49 children with moderate to severe HIE admitted to the children’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) date of 31 full-term neonates without neurological symptoms and signs who visited the hospital during the same period were recruited as the control group. &lt;br /&gt;
Analysis: As the above example shows that “中重度HIE患儿” and “足月新生儿” in the source abstracts are from the Children’s Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University. The Google translation shows that 49 children with moderate to severe HIE in the Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. There is an error due to the misuse of subordination. There are some advice in order to solve the problem. That is, first to segment the sentence and then reconstruct the sentence. For instance, the Chinese expression “南京医科大学附属儿童医院” carries many modifiers, which requires to cut the modifiers and reconstruct the sentence. Therefore, the Chinese expression “南京医科大学附属儿童医院’can be divided into abstractions, leaving two sentences instead of one long sentence with modifiers..&lt;br /&gt;
After pre-editing source abstracts: 对49例中重度HIE患儿以及31例无神经系统症状体征的足月新生儿的MRI资料进行回顾性分析。这些患者收治于南京医科大学儿童附属医院。&lt;br /&gt;
After pre-editing translation: The MRI data of 49 children with moderate to severe HIE and 31 full-term newborns without neurological symptoms and signs were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were admitted to the Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.&lt;br /&gt;
===3.3 Explication of Subject through Voice Changing===&lt;br /&gt;
The extensive use of subjectless sentences are quite common in the Chinese abstracts, while English prefers to employ passive voice in the sentences so as to make them object and accurate. In order to take the characteristics of English sentences into great and careful consideration, the sentences written in passive voice in particular, it will be helpful for machine translation to find out the subject and reconstruct a sentence in passive voice (Wang Yan: 2008). The first is to discover the “doee” in a sentence and then is to reconstruct the sentence structure and put the “doee” before the verb. The last is to explicate the passive relation between the noun and the verb.&lt;br /&gt;
Example 3&lt;br /&gt;
Source abstract: 回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年12月解放军总医院第七医学中心收治的500例老年髋部骨折患者的资料。&lt;br /&gt;
Google translation: A retrospective analysis of the data of 500 elderly patients with hip fractures admitted to the Seventh Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital from January 2018 to December 2020.&lt;br /&gt;
Published translation: From January 2018 to December 2020, the data of 500 elderly patients with hip fracture treated in the Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital were analyzed retrospectively.&lt;br /&gt;
Analysis: The above example indicates that the “回顾性分析”in the Google Translate is a noun phrase, but the source abstracts actually describes an action or a behavior. The reason for such a mistake is that the machine can’t recognize the Chinese subjetless sentences. To find the subject of the sentence, the source abstracts can be revised and adjusted. Finding the “doee” is the first step, which refers to “500例老年髋部骨折患者的资料”in the source abstracts. And next is to put it in front of the verb, that is to place it in the beginning of the sentence. Last but not least, the passive voice should be explicated in the sentence. &lt;br /&gt;
After pre-editing source abstract: 500例老年髋部骨折患者的资料被回顾性分析，他们在2018年1月之2020年12月期间收治于解放军总医院第七医学中心。&lt;br /&gt;
After pre-editing translation: The data of 500 elderly hip fracture patients were retrospectively analyzed. They were admitted to the Seventh Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital between January 2018 and December 2020.&lt;br /&gt;
===3.4 Relocation of Modifiers===&lt;br /&gt;
Modifiers, including noun, adverbial and attributive are constantly employed in the Chinese medical papers in order to add information to subject and object in the sentence. By doing this, complicated sentences can be structured, thus causing obstacles to machine translation for recognizing this complex sentence structures when translating Chinese-English sentences. To make the machine translation successfully recognize the sentence structure, simplifying the sentence structure is quite necessary. The key is to moving the location of the modifiers and thus making the modifiers an independent sentence. In other words, the modifiers ought to be put before or behind the main part of the sentence to satisfy the common use of English. &lt;br /&gt;
Usually, the modifiers in Chinese sentence can only be placed in front of the core word, while in English, modifiers are very flexible. It is all right to place the modifiers in front of or behind the major part of the sentences with adjective or a connective noun.&lt;br /&gt;
Example 4&lt;br /&gt;
Source abstracts: 利用DNA重组技术以pET-28a表达系统在E.coli BL21(DE3) 中重组表达Hepl。&lt;br /&gt;
Google Translation: Hepl is recombined in E.coli BL21 (DE3) using DNA recombination technology with pET-28a expression system.&lt;br /&gt;
Published translation: The recombinant Hcpl protein was expressed by using DNA recombination technology through pET-28a expression system in E. coli BL21 (De3).&lt;br /&gt;
Analysis: The Chinese medical text includes two modifiers, “利用DNA”and “以pET-28a)表达系统”. These two modifiers will be translated by machine, which catches more attention to the two constituents. From the Google translation above, one failure is obvious that it misplaces the location of the two modifiers and presents it in not accurate form. To make it translate correctly by machine translation, dividing the sentences is very important so that the source abstracts can be correctly recognized by machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
After pre-editing source abstract: 利用DNA重组技术，Hcp1重组表达在E.coli BL21 (DE3)中， 通过pET-28a表达系统在E. coli BL21 (DE3)中。&lt;br /&gt;
Google translation: Using DNA recombination technology, Hcp1 recombination is expressed in E.coli BL21 (DE3), via pET-28a expression system in E. coli BL21 (DE3).&lt;br /&gt;
The second is the independence of modifiers, that is, modifiers can also be reconstructed into clauses to modify core words. Compared with English, There is no subordinate clause in Chinese, so redundant Chinese modifiers need to be reconstructed into subordinate clauses in Chinese-English translation to meet the characteristics of English. English, especially sentences with multiple modifiers. Otherwise, sentence structure may be confused, such as scattered modifiers of core words. To avoid this mistake, it is necessary to separate the modifier from the main part of the sentence. These modifiers should be reconstituted into clauses. Also, keep your sentences simple and easy to understand.&lt;br /&gt;
===3.5 Proper Omission and Deletion of Category Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Category words are commonly used in Chinese. Category words complement the meaning of words, including problems, positions, situations and jobs. Adding this supplementary word is more in line with Chinese custom. In many cases, it has no real meaning, so it can be omitted in translation. In Chinese, category words are frequently used. However, it is rarely used in English, which is one of the differences between Chinese and English. There are many kinds of category words. Considering objectivity and the fixed structure of language, redundant category words should be deleted in Chinese-English translation. In the general, the most commonly used category of words in the Chinese medical abstracts are &amp;quot;process&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;behavior&amp;quot;, and &amp;quot;situation&amp;quot;. These categories of words hinder the language conversion of Chinese and English, resulting in redundancy. &lt;br /&gt;
Example 5&lt;br /&gt;
Source abstract: 探讨口腔白斑病癌变进程中的缺氧应答基因及相关微小RNA (miRNA) 的表达。&lt;br /&gt;
Google translation: The expression of hypoxia response genes and associated microRNAs in the process of oral leukoplakia cancer was discussed.&lt;br /&gt;
Published translation: To study the hypoxia response gene and microRNA (miRNA)expression profiles in the pathogenesis and progression of oral leukoplakia (OLK).&lt;br /&gt;
Analysis: As the above example shows, the Chinese words “进程” belongs to a category word. However, the Chinese expression “癌变”contains the process, so the “进程” expression can be deleted before placing it into the machine translation, because the meaning of it has been overlapping between the expression “癌变”. Therefore, its place can be replaced with preposition “during”.&lt;br /&gt;
After pre-editing source abstract: 探讨口腔白斑病癌变中的缺氧应答基因及相关微小RNA (miRNA) 的表达。&lt;br /&gt;
Google translation: The expression of hypoxia responsive genes and miRNA in oral leukoplakia cancer was investigated.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
After years of development, machine translation has made great progress. The accuracy of machine translation has been greatly improved in both text recognition and sentence pattern conversion. However, machine translation has its own limitations. In other words, it needs to rely on the parallel corpus as a reference source for improving its accuracy. ESP text, in particular, is harder to get the high quality by machine translation. &lt;br /&gt;
As one of the research papers, the characteristics of medical abstracts are fixed language structures, objectivity and accuracy (Qin Yi:2004). Therefore, medical translation must be accurate, object and understandable to follow the specific demands of the medical paper. Being an important field in the human society, medical paper translation is on a great demand, which means that it needs a huge demand for human labor. However, with the machine translation promoting, it will be more efficient to translate medical papers combining the effort by human and machine. The improvement and development of machine translation requires the joint efforts of computer science, information science, statistics, linguistics and other academic circles to achieve more mature human-computer mutual assistance translation (Li Yafei, Zhang Ruihua : 2019).&lt;br /&gt;
However, errors can occur during the process of machine translation of Chinese- English, because of the differences of the Chinese and English and the processing of the machine. Errors from the perspective of linguistic or grammar can affect the machine translation a lot. After division and recognition of errors, some pre-editing approaches are put forward to help the machine translation more accurate and readable, that are, extraction and replacement of terms in the source text, relocation of modifiers, explication of subordination, proper omission, deletion of category words and explication of subject through voice changing. &lt;br /&gt;
The paper mainly focuses on the pre-editing machine translation by using medical papers as a case study. The errors of machine translation occurring in the translation of medical abstracts and pre-editing approaches for machine translation. The quality of machine translation of medical papers is greatly improved after employing the pre-editing methods. However, machine translation is not as flexible and accurate as human brain, so it is of importance to combine pre-editing and post-editing approaches with machine translation in order to produce more accurate, more object machine translation of medical papers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
[1]. Cronin, Michael (2013). Translation in the Digital Age[M]. New York&amp;amp;London: Routledge.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[2]. GERLACH J, et al ( 2013). Combining Pre-editing and Post-editing to Improve SMT of User-generated Content[M]// Proceedings of MT Summit XIV Workshop on Post-editing Technology and Practice. 45-53.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[3]. Slype G V &amp;amp; Guinet J F &amp;amp; Seitz F (1984). Better Translation for Better Communication [M] .Oxford: Pergamon Press Ltd (U.K.), &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[4]. O'Brien S (2002). Teaching Post-editing: A Proposal for Course Con-tent [EB/OL]. http://mt-archive. Info/EAMT-2002-0brien. Pdf.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[5]. Tytler, A. F. (1978). Essay On The Principles of Translation[M]. Amsterdam: JohnBenjamins Publishing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[6] 崔启亮. (2014), 论机器翻译的译后编辑[J], 中国翻译, 035(006):68-73.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[7] 冯全功,高琳 (2017) 基于受控语言的译前编辑对机器翻译的影响[J]. 当代外语研究,(2): 63-68+87+110.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[8] 胡清平(2005). 机器翻译中的受控语言[J]. 中国科技翻译, (03): 24-27. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[9] 连淑能 (2010). 英汉对比研究增订本[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[10] 黎亚飞,张瑞华 (2019). 机器翻译发展与现状[J]. 中国轻工教育,(5):38-45. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[11] 秦毅(2004),从翻译基本标准议医学英语的翻译[J]. 遵义医学院学报,27 (4): 421-423. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[12] 王燕 (2008). 医学英语翻译与写作教程[M]. 重庆:重庆大学出版社&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=12 蔡珠凤=(The Mistranslation of C-J Machine Translation of Political Statements)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_12]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
Language is the main way of communication between people. With the continuous development of globalization, the scale of cross-border exchanges is also expanding. However, due to cultural differences and diversity, the languages of different countries and regions are very different, which seriously hinders people's communication. The demand for efficient and convenient translation tools is increasing. At the same time, with the development of network technology and artificial intelligence, recognition technology based on deep learning is more and more widely used in English, Japanese and other fields.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
machine translation; political statements; mistranslation of C-J machine translation&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
The Mistranslation of C-J Machine Translation of Political Statements&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
语言是人与人之间交流的主要方式。随着全球化的不断发展，跨境交流的规模也在不断扩大。然而，由于文化的差异和多样性，不同国家和地区的语言差异很大，这严重阻碍了人们的交流。对高效便捷的翻译工具的需求正在增加。同时，随着网络技术和人工智能的发展，基于深度学习的识别技术在英语、日语等领域的应用越来越广泛。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译；政治发言；政治发言中译日的误译&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
===Introduction to machine translation===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation, also known as automatic translation, is a process of using computers to convert one natural language (source language) into another natural language (target language). It is a branch of computational linguistics, one of the ultimate goals of artificial intelligence, and has important scientific research value.At the same time, machine translation has important practical value. With the rapid development of economic globalization and the Internet, machine translation technology plays a more and more important role in promoting political, economic and cultural exchanges.The development of machine translation technology has been closely accompanied by the development of computer technology, information theory, linguistics and other disciplines. From the early dictionary matching, to the rule translation of dictionaries combined with linguistic expert knowledge, and then to the statistical machine translation based on corpus, with the improvement of computer computing power and the explosive growth of multilingual information, machine translation technology gradually stepped out of the ivory tower and began to provide real-time and convenient translation services for general users.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== C-J machine translation software===&lt;br /&gt;
Today's online machine translation software includes Baidu translation, Tencent translation, Google translation, Youdao translation, Bing translation and so on. Google was the first company to launch the machine translation system, and Baidu was the first company to import the machine translation system in China. In addition, Tencent and Youdao have attracted much attention.Machine translation is the process of using computers to convert one natural language into another. It usually refers to sentence and full-text translation between natural languages. In order to continuously improve the translation quality, R &amp;amp; D personnel have added artificial intelligence technologies such as speech recognition, image processing and deep neural network to machine translation on the basis of traditional machine translation based on rules, statistics and examples.With the increase of using machine translation, the joint cooperation between manual translation and machine translation will also increase significantly in the future. What criteria should be used to evaluate the quality of machine translation? In the evolving field of machine translation, there is an urgent need to clarify the unsolvable questions and solved problems.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===The history of machine translation===&lt;br /&gt;
The research history of machine translation can be traced back to the 1930s and 1940s. In the early 1930s, the French scientist G.B. alchuni put forward the idea of using machines for translation. In 1933, Soviet inventor П.П. Trojansky designed a machine to translate one language into another, and registered his invention on September 5 of the same year; However, due to the low technical level in the 1930s, his translation machine was not made. In 1946, the first modern electronic computer ENIAC was born. Shortly after that, W. weaver, an American scientist and A. D. booth, a British engineer, a pioneer of information theory, put forward the idea of automatic language translation by computer in 1947 when discussing the application scope of electronic computer. In 1949, W. Weaver published the translation memorandum, which formally put forward the idea of machine translation. After 60 years of ups and downs, machine translation has experienced a tortuous and long development path. The academic community generally divides it into the following four stages:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pioneering period（1947-1964）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1954, with the cooperation of IBM, Georgetown University completed the English Russian machine translation experiment with ibm-701 computer for the first time, showing the feasibility of machine translation to the public and the scientific community, thus opening the prelude to the study of machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
It is not too late for China to start this research. As early as 1956, the state included this research in the national scientific work development plan. The topic name is &amp;quot;machine translation, the construction of natural language translation rules and the mathematical theory of natural language&amp;quot;. In 1957, the Institute of language and the Institute of computing technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences cooperated in the Russian Chinese machine translation experiment, translating 9 different types of more complex sentences.From the 1950s to the first half of the 1960s, machine translation research has been on the rise. The United States and the former Soviet Union, two superpowers, have provided a lot of financial support for machine translation projects for military, political and economic purposes, while European countries have also paid considerable attention to machine translation research due to geopolitical and economic needs, and machine translation has become an upsurge for a time. In this period, although machine translation is just in the pioneering stage, it has entered an optimistic period of prosperity.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Frustrated period（1964-1975）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1964, in order to evaluate the research progress of machine translation, the American Academy of Sciences established the automatic language processing Advisory Committee (Alpac Committee) and began a two-year comprehensive investigation, analysis and test.In November 1966, the committee published a report entitled &amp;quot;language and machine&amp;quot; (Alpac report for short), which comprehensively denied the feasibility of machine translation and suggested stopping the financial support for machine translation projects. The publication of this report has dealt a blow to the booming machine translation, and the research of machine translation has fallen into a standstill. Coincidentally, during this period, China broke out the &amp;quot;ten-year Cultural Revolution&amp;quot;, and basically these studies also stagnated. Machine translation has entered a depression.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
convalescence（1975-1989）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Since the 1970s, with the development of science and technology and the increasingly frequent exchange of scientific and technological information among countries, the language barriers between countries have become more serious. The traditional manual operation mode has been far from meeting the needs, and there is an urgent need for computers to engage in translation. At the same time, the development of computer science and linguistics, especially the substantial improvement of computer hardware technology and the application of artificial intelligence in natural language processing, have promoted the recovery of machine translation research from the technical level. Machine translation projects have begun to develop again, and various practical and experimental systems have been launched successively, such as weinder system Eurpotra multilingual translation system, taum-meteo system, etc.However, after the end of the &amp;quot;ten-year holocaust&amp;quot;, China has perked up again, and machine translation research has been put on the agenda again. The &amp;quot;784&amp;quot; project has paid enough attention to machine translation research. After the mid-1980s, the development of machine translation research in China has further accelerated. Firstly, two English Chinese machine translation systems, ky-1 and MT / ec863, have been successfully developed, indicating that China has made great progress in machine translation technology.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
New period(1990 present)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With the universal application of the Internet, the acceleration of the process of world economic integration and the increasingly frequent exchanges in the international community, the traditional way of manual operation is far from meeting the rapidly growing needs of translation. People's demand for machine translation has increased unprecedentedly, and machine translation has ushered in a new development opportunity. International conferences on machine translation research have been held frequently, and China has made unprecedented achievements. A series of machine translation software have been launched, such as &amp;quot;Yixing&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Yaxin&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Tongyi&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Huajian&amp;quot;, etc. Driven by the market demand, the commercial machine translation system has entered the practical stage, entered the market and came to the users.Since the new century, with the emergence and popularization of the Internet, the amount of data has increased sharply, and statistical methods have been fully applied. Internet companies have set up machine translation research groups and developed machine translation systems based on Internet big data, so as to make machine translation really practical, such as &amp;quot;Baidu translation&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Google translation&amp;quot;, etc. In recent years, with the progress of in-depth learning, machine translation technology has further developed, which has promoted the rapid improvement of translation quality, and the translation in oral and other fields is more authentic and fluent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===The problem of machine translation at present===&lt;br /&gt;
Error is inevitable&lt;br /&gt;
Many people have misunderstandings about machine translation. They think that machine translation has great deviation and can't help people solve any problems. In fact, the error is inevitable. The reason is that machine translation uses linguistic principles. The machine automatically recognizes grammar, calls the stored thesaurus and automatically performs corresponding translation. However, errors are inevitable due to changes or irregularities in grammar, morphology and syntax, such as sentences with adverbials after &amp;quot;give me a reason to kill you first&amp;quot; in Dahua journey to the West. After all, a machine is a machine. No one has special feelings for language. How can it feel the lasting charm of &amp;quot;the tenderness of lowering its head, like the shame of a water lotus? After all, the meaning of Chinese is very different due to the changes of morphology, grammar and syntax and the change of context. Even many Chinese people are zhanger monks - they can't touch their heads, let alone machines.&lt;br /&gt;
Bottleneck&lt;br /&gt;
In fact, no matter which method, the biggest factor affecting the development of machine translation lies in the quality of translation. Judging from the achievements, the quality of machine translation is still far from the ultimate goal.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese mathematician and linguist Zhou Haizhong once pointed out in his paper &amp;quot;fifty years of machine translation&amp;quot;: to improve the quality of machine translation, the first thing to solve is the problem of language itself rather than programming; It is certainly impossible to improve the quality of machine translation by relying on several programs alone. At the same time, he also pointed out that it is impossible for machine translation to achieve the degree of &amp;quot;faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance&amp;quot; when human beings have not yet understood how the brain performs fuzzy recognition and logical judgment of language. This view may reveal the bottleneck restricting the quality of translation. &lt;br /&gt;
It is worth mentioning that American inventor and futurist ray cozwell predicted in an interview with Huffington Post that the quality of machine translation will reach the level of human translation by 2029. There are still many disputes about this thesis in the academic circles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.Mistranslation of Chinese Japanese machine translation===&lt;br /&gt;
===2.1Vocabulary mistranslation in Chinese Japanese machine translation===&lt;br /&gt;
===2.1.1Mistranslation of proper nouns===&lt;br /&gt;
In political materials, there are often political dignitaries' names, place names or a large number of proper nouns in the political field. The morphemes of such words are definite and inseparable. Mistranslation will make the source language lose its specific meaning. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Japanese translation into Chinese                                                 Chinese translation into Japanese&lt;br /&gt;
	                         &lt;br /&gt;
original text    translation by Youdao	reference translation	      original text 	  translation by Youdao	       reference translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
朱鎔基	               朱基	               朱镕基                    栗战书	                栗戰史書	               栗戰書&lt;br /&gt;
	             &lt;br /&gt;
労安	               劳安	                劳安                     李克强	                 李克強	                       李克強	&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
筑紫哲也	     筑紫哲也	              筑紫哲也                   习近平	                 習近平	                       習近平&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;br /&gt;
山口百惠	     山口百惠	              山口百惠	                  韩正	                  韓中	                        韓正&lt;br /&gt;
	      &lt;br /&gt;
田中角栄	     田中角荣	              田中角荣                   王沪宁	                 王上海氏	               王滬寧&lt;br /&gt;
	      &lt;br /&gt;
東条英機	     东条英社	              东条英机                     汪洋	                   汪洋	                        汪洋&lt;br /&gt;
	  &lt;br /&gt;
毛沢东	             毛泽东	               毛泽东                    赵乐际	                  趙樂南	               趙樂際&lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;br /&gt;
トウ・ショウヘイ　　　大酱	               邓小平                    江泽民	                  江沢民	               江沢民&lt;br /&gt;
	 &lt;br /&gt;
周恩来	             周恩来                    周恩来&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
クリントン	     克林顿                    克林顿&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The above table counts 18 special names in the two texts, and 7 machine translation errors. In terms of mistranslation, there are not only &amp;quot;战书&amp;quot; but also &amp;quot;戰史&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;史書&amp;quot; in Chinese. &amp;quot;沪&amp;quot; is the abbreviation of Shanghai. In other words, since &amp;quot;战书&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;沪&amp;quot; are originally common nouns, this disrupts the choice of target language in machine translation. Except Katakana interference (except for トウシゃウヘイ, most of the mistranslations appear in the new Standing Committee. It can be seen that the machine translation system does not update the thesaurus in time. Different from other words, people's names have particularity. Especially as members of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, the translation of their names is officially unified. In this regard, public figures such as political dignitaries, stars, famous hosts and important. In addition, the machine also translates Japanese surnames such as &amp;quot;タ二モト&amp;quot; (谷本), &amp;quot;アンドウ&amp;quot; (安藤) into &amp;quot;塔尼莫特&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;龙胆&amp;quot;. It can be found that the language feature that Japanese will be written together with Chinese characters and Hiragana also directly affects the translation quality of Japanese Chinese machine translation. Japanese people often use Katakana pronunciation. For example, when Japanese people talk with Premier Zhu, they often use &amp;quot;二ーハウ&amp;quot; (Hello). However, the machine only recognizes the two pseudonyms &amp;quot;二&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;ハ&amp;quot; and transliterates them into &amp;quot;尼哈&amp;quot; , ignoring the long sound after &amp;quot;二&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;ハ&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
original text 	                                      Translation by Youdao	                        reference translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
日美安全体制	                                        日米の安全体制	                                   日米安保体制&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会	                 中国共産党第19回全国代表大会	             中国共産党第19回全国代表大会（第19回党大会）&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
十八大	                                                    十八大	                               第18回党大会中国特色社会主义&lt;br /&gt;
	                     &lt;br /&gt;
中国特色社会主義	                            中国の特色ある社会主義                                     第18回党大会&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中国共产党中央委员会	                             中国共産党中央委員会	                           中国共産党中央委員会&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中国共産党中央委員会十八届中共中央政治局常委	第18代中国共產党中央政治局常務委員                      第18期中共中央政治局常務委員&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
十八届中共中央政治局委员	                  18期の中国共產党中央政治局委員	                 第18期中共中央政治局委員&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
十九届中共中央政治局常委	                十九回中国共產党中央政治局常務委員	                 第19期中央政治局常務委員&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
中共十九届一中全会                                中国共產党第十九回一中央委員会	               第19期中央委員会第1回全体会議&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The above table is a comparison of the original and translated versions of some proper nouns. As shown in the table, the mistranslation problems are mainly reflected in the mismatch of numerals + quantifiers, the wrong addition of case auxiliary word &amp;quot;の&amp;quot;, the lack of connectors, the Mistranslation of abbreviations, dead translation, and the writing errors of Chinese characters. The following is a specific analysis one by one.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;十八届中共中央政治局常委&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;十八届中共中央政治局委员&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;十九届中共中央政治局常委&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;中共十九届一中全会&amp;quot; all have quantifiers &amp;quot;届&amp;quot;, which are translated into &amp;quot;代&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;期&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;回&amp;quot; respectively. The meaning is vague and should be uniformly translated into &amp;quot;期&amp;quot;; Among them, the translation of the last three proper nouns lacks the Chinese conjunction &amp;quot;第&amp;quot;. The case auxiliary word &amp;quot;の&amp;quot; was added by mistake in the translation of &amp;quot;十八届中共中央政治局委员&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;日美安全体制&amp;quot;. The &amp;quot;中国共产党中央委员会&amp;quot; did not write in the form of Japanese Ming Dynasty characters, but directly used simplified Chinese characters.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The full name of &amp;quot;中共十九届一中全会&amp;quot; is &amp;quot;中国共产党第十九届中央委员会第一次全体会议&amp;quot;, in which &amp;quot;一&amp;quot; stands for &amp;quot;第一次&amp;quot;, which is an ordinal word rather than a cardinal word. Machine translation does not produce a correct translation. The fundamental reason is that there are no &amp;quot;规则&amp;quot; for translating such words in machine translation. If we can formulate corresponding rules for such words (for example, 中共m'1届m2 中全会→第m1期中央委员会第m2回全体会议), the translation system must be able to translate well no matter how many plenary sessions of the CPC Central Committee.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.1.2Mistranslation of Polysemy===&lt;br /&gt;
original text 	                                               Translation by Youdao	                             reference translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
スタジオ	                                                   摄影棚/工作室	                                 直播现场/演播厅&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
日中関係の話	                                                   中日关系的故事	                                就中日关系(话题)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
溝	                                                                水沟	                                              鸿沟&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
それでは日中の問題について質問のある方。	             那么对白天的问题有提问的人。	                  关于中日问题的话题，举手提问。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
私たちのクラスは20人ちょっとですが、                             我们班有20人左右，                               我们班二十多人的意见统一很难，&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
いろいろな意見が出て、まとめるのは大変です。            但是又各种各样的意见，总结起来很困难。                   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
一体どうやって、13億人もの人をまとめているんですか。	    到底是怎么处理13亿的人的呢？  	                   中国是怎样把13亿人凝聚在一起的？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the original text, the word &amp;quot;スタジオ&amp;quot; appeared four times and was translated into &amp;quot;摄影棚&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;工作室&amp;quot; respectively, but the context is on-site interview, not the production site of photography or film. &amp;quot;話&amp;quot; has many semantics, such as &amp;quot;说话&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;事情&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;道理&amp;quot;, etc. In accordance with the practice of the interview program, Premier Zhu Rongji was invited to answer five questions on the topic of China Japan relations. Obviously, the meaning of the word &amp;quot;故事&amp;quot; is very abrupt. The inherent Japanese word &amp;quot;日中&amp;quot; means &amp;quot;晌午、白天&amp;quot;. At the same time, it is also the abbreviation of the names of the two countries. The machine failed to deal with it correctly according to the context. &amp;quot;溝&amp;quot; refers to the gap between China and Japan, not a &amp;quot;水沟&amp;quot;. The former &amp;quot;まとめる&amp;quot; appears in the original text with the word &amp;quot;意见&amp;quot;, which is intended to describe that it is difficult to unify everyone's opinions. The latter &amp;quot;まとめている&amp;quot; also refers to unifying the thoughts of 1.3 billion people, not &amp;quot;处理&amp;quot;. Therefore, it is more appropriate to use &amp;quot;统一&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;处理&amp;quot; in human translation, rather than &amp;quot;总结意见&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;处理意见&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mistranslation of polysemy has always been a difficult problem in machine translation research. The translation of each word is correct, but it is often very different from the original expression in the context. Zhang Zhengzeng said that ambiguity is a common phenomenon in natural language. Its essence is that the same language form may have different meanings, which is also one of the differences between natural language and artificial language. Therefore, one of the difficulties faced by machine translation is language disambiguation (Zhang Zheng, 2005:60). In this regard, we can mark all the meanings of polysemous words and judge which meaning to choose by common collocation with other words. At the same time, strengthen the text recognition ability of the machine to avoid the translation inconsistent with the current context. In this way, we can avoid the mistake of &amp;quot;大酱&amp;quot; in the place where famous figures such as Deng Xiaoping should have appeared in the previous political articles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.1.3Mistranslation of compound words===&lt;br /&gt;
Multi class words refer to a word with two or more parts of speech, also known as the same word and different classes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
original text 	                                Translation by Youdao	                                  reference translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1998年江泽民主席曾经访问日本,             1998年の江沢民国家主席の日本訪問し、                   1998年、江沢民総書記が日本を訪問し、かつ&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
同已故小渊首相签署了联合宣言。	         かつて同じ故小渕首相が署名した共同宣言	                 亡くなられた小渕総理と宣言に調印されました&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese &amp;quot;同&amp;quot; has two parts of speech: prepositions and conjunctions: &amp;quot;故&amp;quot; has many parts of speech, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives and conjunctions. This directly affects the judgment of the machine at the source language level. The word &amp;quot;同&amp;quot; in the above table is used as a conjunction to indicate the other party of a common act. &amp;quot;故&amp;quot; is used as a verb with the semantic meaning of &amp;quot;死亡&amp;quot;, which is a modifier of &amp;quot;小渊首相&amp;quot;. The machine regards &amp;quot;同&amp;quot; as an adjective and &amp;quot;故&amp;quot; as a noun &amp;quot;原因&amp;quot;, which leads to confusion in the structure and unclear semantics of the translation. Different from the polysemy problem, multi category words have at least two parts of speech, and there is often not only one meaning under each part of speech. In this regard, software R &amp;amp; D personnel should fully consider the existence of multi category words, so that the translation machine can distinguish the meaning of words on the basis of marking the part of speech, so as to select the translation through the context and the components of the word in the sentence. Of course, the realization of this function is difficult, and we need to give full play to the wisdom of R &amp;amp; D personnel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.2 Syntactic mistranslation in Chinese Japanese machine translation===&lt;br /&gt;
===2.2.1Mistranslation of tenses===&lt;br /&gt;
original text：History is written by the people, and all achievements are attributed to the people. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Translation by Youdao：歴史は人民が書いたものであり、すべての成果は人民のためである。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
reference translation：歴史は人民が綴っていくものであり、すべての成果は人民に帰することとなります。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The original sentence meaning is &amp;quot;历史是人民书写的历史&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;历史是人民书写的东西&amp;quot;. When translated into Japanese, due to the influence of Japanese language habits, the formal noun &amp;quot;もの&amp;quot; should be supplemented accordingly. In this sentence, both the machine and the interpreter have translated correctly. However, the machine's recognition of &amp;quot;的&amp;quot; is biased, resulting in tense translation errors. The past, present and future will become &amp;quot;history&amp;quot;, and this is a continuous action. The form translated as &amp;quot;~ ていく&amp;quot; not only reflects that the action is a continuous action, but also conforms to the tense and semantic information of the original text. In addition, the machine's treatment of the preposition &amp;quot;于&amp;quot; is also inappropriate. In the original text, &amp;quot;人民&amp;quot; is the recipient of action, not the target language. As the most obvious feature of isolated language, function words in Chinese play an important role in semantic expression, and their translation should be regarded as a focus of machine translation research.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
original text：李克强同志是十六届中共中央政治局常委,其他五位同志都是十六届中共中央政治局委员。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Translation by Youdao：李克強総理は第16代中国共産党中央政治局常務委員であり、他の５人の同志はいずれも16期の中国共産党中央政治局委員である。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
reference translation：李克強同志は第16期中国共産党中央政治局常務委員を務め、他の５人は第16期中共中央政治局委員を務めました。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Judging the verb &amp;quot;是&amp;quot; in the original text plays its most basic positive role, but due to the complexity of Chinese language, &amp;quot;是&amp;quot; often can not be completely transformed into the form of &amp;quot;だ / である&amp;quot; in the process of translation. This sentence is a judgment of what has happened. Compared with the 19th session, the 18th session has become history. This is an implicit temporal information. It is very difficult for machines without human brain to recognize this implicit information. &amp;quot;中共中央政治局常委&amp;quot; is the abbreviation of &amp;quot;中共中央政治局常务委员会委员&amp;quot; and it is a kind of position. In Japanese, often use it with verbs such as &amp;quot;務める&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;担当する&amp;quot;,etc. The translator adopts the past tense of &amp;quot;務める&amp;quot;, which conforms to the expression habit of Japanese and deals with the problem of tense at the same time. However, machine translation only mechanically translates this sentence into judgment sentence, and fails to correctly deal with the past information implied by the word &amp;quot;十八届&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.2.2Mistranslation of honorifics===&lt;br /&gt;
Honorific language is a language means to show respect to the listener. Different from Japanese, there is no grammatical category of honorifics in Chinese. There is no specific fixed grammatical form to express honorifics, self modesty and politeness. Instead, specific words such as &amp;quot;您&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;请&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;劳驾&amp;quot; are used to express all kinds of respect or self modesty. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Original text                              translation by Youdao                                  reference translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
女士们，先生们，同志们，朋友们     さんたち、先生たち、同志たち、お友达さん　　                      ご列席の皆さん&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
谢谢大家！                                 ありがとうございます！                             ご清聴ありがとうございました。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
これはどうされますか。                         这是怎么回事呢?                                     您将如何解决这一问题？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
こうした問題をどうお考えでしょうか。       我们会如何考虑这些问题呢？                               您如何看待这一问题？&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
For example, for the processing of &amp;quot;女士们，先生们，同志们，朋友们&amp;quot;, the machine makes the translation correspond to the original one by one based on the principle of unchanged format, but there are errors in semantic communication and pragmatic habits. When speaking on formal occasions, Chinese expression tends to be comprehensive and detailed, as well as the address of the audience. In contrast, Japanese usually uses general terms such as &amp;quot;皆様&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;ご臨席の皆さん&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;代表団の方々&amp;quot; as the opening remarks. In terms of Japanese Chinese translation, the machine also failed to recognize the usage of Japanese honorifics such as &amp;quot;さ れ る&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;お考え&amp;quot;. It can be seen that Chinese Japanese machine translation has a low ability to deal with honorific expressions. The occasion is more formal. A good translation should not only be fluent in meaning, but also conform to the expression habits of the target language and match the current translation environment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
In the process of discussing the Mistranslation of machine translation, this paper mainly cites the Mistranslation of Youdao translator. When I studied the problem of machine translation mistranslation, I also used a large number of translation software such as Google and Baidu for parallel comparison, and found that these translation software also had similar problems with Youdao translator. For example, the &amp;quot;新世界新未来&amp;quot; in Chinese ABAC structural phrases is translated by Baidu as &amp;quot;新し世界の新しい未来&amp;quot;, which, like Youdao, is not translated in the form of parallel phrases; Google online translation translates the word &amp;quot;“全心全意&amp;quot; into a completely wrong &amp;quot;全面的に&amp;quot;; The original sentence &amp;quot;我吃了很多亏&amp;quot; in the Mistranslation of the unique expression in the language is translated by Google online as &amp;quot;私はたくさんの損失を食べました&amp;quot;. Because the &amp;quot;吃&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;亏&amp;quot; in the original text are not closely adjacent, the machine can not recognize this echo and mistakenly treats &amp;quot;亏&amp;quot; as a kind of food, so the machine translates the predicate as &amp;quot;食べました&amp;quot;; Japanese &amp;quot;こうした問題をどう考えでしょうか&amp;quot;, Google's online translation is &amp;quot;你如何看待这些问题?&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;你&amp;quot; tone can not reflect the tone of Japanese honorific, while Baidu translates as &amp;quot;你怎么想这样的问题呢?&amp;quot; Although the meaning can be understood, it is an irregular spoken language. Google and Baidu also made the same mistakes as Youdao in the translation of proper nouns. For example, they translated &amp;quot;十七届(中共中央政治局常委)”&amp;quot; into &amp;quot;第17回...&amp;quot; .In short, similar mistranslations of Youdao are also common in Baidu and Google. Due to space constraints, they will not be listed one by one here.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Mr. Liu Yongquan, Institute of language, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (1997) It has been pointed out that machine translation is a linguistic problem in the final analysis. Although corpus based machine translation does not require a lot of linguistic knowledge, language expression is ever-changing. Machine translation based solely on statistical ideas can not avoid the translation quality problems caused by the lack of language rules. The following is based on the analysis of lexical, syntactic and other mistranslations From the perspective of the characteristics of the source language, this paper summarizes some difficulties of Chinese and Japanese in machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(1) The difficulties of Chinese in machine translation &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese is a typical isolated language. The relationship between words needs to be reflected by word order and function words. We should pay attention to the transformation of function words such as &amp;quot;的&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;在&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;向&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;了&amp;quot;. Some special verbs, such as &amp;quot;是&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;做&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;作&amp;quot;, are widely used. How to translate on the basis of conforming to Japanese pragmatic habits and expressions is a difficulty in machine translation research. In terms of word order, Chinese is basically &amp;quot;subject→predicate→object&amp;quot;. At the same time, Chinese pays attention to parataxis, and there is no need to be clear in expression with meaningful cohesion, which increases the difficulty of Chinese Japanese machine translation. When there are multiple verbs or modifier components in complex long sentences, machine translation usually can not accurately divide the components of the sentence, resulting in the result that the translation is completely unreadable. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(2) Difficulties of Japanese in machine translation &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Both Chinese and Japanese languages use Chinese characters, and most machines produce the target language through the corresponding translation of Chinese characters. However, pseudonyms in Japanese play an important role in judging the part of speech and meaning, and can not only recognize Chinese characters and judge the structure and semantics of sentences. Japanese vocabulary is composed of Chinese vocabulary, inherent vocabulary and foreign vocabulary. Among them, the first two have a great impact on Chinese Japanese machine translation. For example &amp;quot;提出&amp;quot; is translated as &amp;quot;提出する&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;打ち出す&amp;quot;; and &amp;quot;重视&amp;quot; is translated as &amp;quot;重視する&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;大切にする&amp;quot;. Japanese is an adhesive language, which contains a lot of &amp;quot;けど&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;が&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;けれども&amp;quot; Some of them are transitional and progressive structures, but there are also some sequential expressions that do not need translation, and these translation software often can not accurately grasp them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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[16]杨晓琨.日中机器翻译中的前编辑规则与效果验证【D】.大连理工大学.2020(06)&lt;br /&gt;
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[17]左嘉. 机器翻译日译汉误译研究[D]. 北京第二外国语学院, 2021.&lt;br /&gt;
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[18]关碧莹.关于政治类发言的汉日机器翻译误译分析[D].哈尔滨理工大学, 2018.&lt;br /&gt;
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[19]车彤.汉译日机器翻译质量评估及译后编辑策略研究【D】.北京外国语大学.2021(09)&lt;br /&gt;
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Networking Linking&lt;br /&gt;
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http://www.elecfans.com/rengongzhineng/692245.html&lt;br /&gt;
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https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91/411793&lt;br /&gt;
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=13 陈湘琼Chen Xiangqiong（Study on Post-editing from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory ）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_13]]&lt;br /&gt;
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=14 Bi bi Nadia（Machine Translation a Challenge for Human Translators)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_14]]&lt;br /&gt;
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===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation is a big obstacle in the way of Human translators or interpretors although it is quick and less time consuming.people are trying to get translation of their target language using through source language.For this purpose they are using digital apps like Google translation Google translation does not give accurate and exact interpretation.Google translator is translates word to word translate that doesn't clarifies it's true and actual meaning.On the other hand human translators can give exact and accurate translation ,they take care of grammatical errors , diction and sentence structure.They clarify the purpose of target language through using source language.&lt;br /&gt;
===Keywords===&lt;br /&gt;
Descriptive translation, academic, interdiscipline, comparative literature, localization,Translatology,school of thought, translation , studies, linguistics, corresponding&lt;br /&gt;
===Body of article===&lt;br /&gt;
Translation is the process of reworking text from one language into another to maintain the original message and communication. But, like everything else, there are different methods of translation, and they vary in form and function. What is translation? The term has become widely used among knowledge transfer researchers and practitioners, especially in the fields of health and health care. In a landmark review, Jonathan Lomas began to argue that 'The tasks… may be defined as to establish and maintain links between researchers and their audience, via the appropriate translation of research findings' (Lomas 1997, p 4). In 2004, the World Health Organization's World Report on Knowledge for Better Health suggested that 'One of the key contributions of research to health systems is the translation of knowledge into actions' (WHO 2004, p 33 and p 100). By 2006, special issues of WHO's Bulletin as well as the journals Evaluation and the Health Professions and the Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions were dedicated to translation.But what does 'translation' mean? It may be a new word for an old problem, meaning nothing more than 'transfer'. The rapidly emerging field of 'translational medicine' seems to take translation to mean generally what transfer might have meant, that is the transmission of knowledge and evidence 'from bench to bedside'. As one commentator has observed, &amp;quot;Translational medicine&amp;quot; as a fashionable term is being increasingly used to describe the wish of biomedical researchers to ultimately help patients' (Wehling 2008, abstract). &lt;br /&gt;
Semantic uncertainty persists, not least because of the different interests of scientists, clinicians, patients and commercial firms (Littman et al 2007): 'Translational research means different things to different people, but it seems important to almost everyone' (Woolf 2008, p 211).&lt;br /&gt;
In related fields, such as public health (Armstrong et al 2006), 'translation' seems to signify dissatisfaction with 'transfer'. It wants to move away from thinking of knowledge transfer as a form of technology transfer or dissemination, rejecting if only by implication its mechanistic assumptions and its model of linear messaging from A to B. But still, what does it signify?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Why translation?===&lt;br /&gt;
'Translation' indicates a closer attention to the problem of shared meaning and how it might be developed. It seems to represent some new epistemological lubricant, facilitating the dissemination of texts and the application and use of the knowledge and information they  in. Simply, translation might be the key to transfer. And yet, when we stop to think, we are more ambivalent. What is translated often seems somehow inferior, not real or original. Note how readily commentators reach for the idea that things might be 'lost in translation'. Knowing at a distance – made in and mediated by translation - makes for incomplete renditions, blurred images, partial truths. So what might 'translation' really mean? The purpose of this paper is to set out, for policy makers and practitioners, the theoretical and conceptual resources translation holds and seems to represent. In doing so, it explores understandings of translation in the fields of literature and linguistics and in the sociology of science and technology. It begins by setting out just why this idea of translation should make immediate, intuitive sense in relation to research, policy and practice.&lt;br /&gt;
1translation in research, policy and practice research as translation&lt;br /&gt;
Research often entails translation from one language to another: where data is collected from more than one ethnic group, for example, or where the language of the researcher is other than that of the research subject. It may draw on a secondary literature or source documents written in different languages, and may be published and disseminated in languages other than the one in which it is first written up.&lt;br /&gt;
2In a different way, to conduct an interview is to ask for an account of experience and its meanings, but it is also to construct and translate that experience in terms defined at least in part by the researcher. In representing what is said, transcripts then select data, usually excluding significant gesture and eye-contact, for example. Often, certain characteristics of speech-acts (such as hesitations) will be edited out. In turn, the format of the transcript shapes the analytic use the researcher may make of it. The basis of research 'findings', then, is an artefact, a transcript or translation, not an original interaction (Ochs 1979, Barnes, Bloor and Henry 1996, Ross 2009).&lt;br /&gt;
3In this way, the researcher recasts aspects of his or her problem or topic in new, scientific form: 'All researchers &amp;quot;translate&amp;quot; the experiences of others' (Temple 1997, p 609). Research is invariably conducted in a sort of 'metalanguage' (Hantrais and Ager 1985): the research process can be conceived as one of successive translations (from theoretical formulation to operationalization, transcription, interpretation and dissemination). Theorization is a process of reciprocal back and forth between theory and fact, in which conceptions of each are revised in order that one fit the other (Baldamus 1974).&lt;br /&gt;
4 It is a kind of translation: a rereading, re-use, re-application or re-representation of what we know in new terms (Turner 1980). Referencing, too, is an act of translation, a form of appropriation and incorporation of one text by another (Gilbert 1977).policy as translation Each of the fields covered by the paper is diverse and ill-defined, and there is no intention here to provide a comprehensive account of any them. Sources have been chosen for their relevance: main references are cited in the text, and additional sources listed in footnotes.&lt;br /&gt;
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2For a brief introduction to the technical issues involved in social research in more than one language, see Birbili (2000). For translation issues in survey research and question design in general, see Ervin and Bower (1952) and Deutscher (1968); on translating survey research instruments (in this instance health-related quality of life measures), Bowden and Fox-Rushby (2003). On the use of translators and interpreters, see Temple (1997) and Jentsch (1998).&lt;br /&gt;
3For an interesting discussion of this problem, see Bourdieu (1999), esp pp 621-626, 'The risks of writing'. &lt;br /&gt;
===Difference between machine translation and human translators===&lt;br /&gt;
Few people disagree on the differences between the two, but many argue over the quality of the translations. How accurate are machine translations? How reliable are human translations? Some say machine translation produces near-perfect translations while others are adamant that translations are incomprehensible and cause more problems than they solve. Results will, of course, vary depending on the source and target languages, the machine translation service used (e.g. Google Translate), and the complexity of the original text.&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation, love it or hate it, is here to stay. In fact, the machine translation market is growing at such a fast pace that it is predicted to reach $980 million by 2022.&lt;br /&gt;
===Machine translation: the pros and cons===&lt;br /&gt;
The advantages of machine translation generally come down to two factors: it’s faster and cheaper. The downside to this is the standard of translation can be anywhere from inaccurate, to incomprehensible, and potentially dangerous (more on that shortly).&lt;br /&gt;
==The advantages of machine translation==&lt;br /&gt;
Many free tools are readily available (Google Translate, Skype Translator, etc.)&lt;br /&gt;
Quick turnaround time                                                                  &lt;br /&gt;
You can translate between multiple languages using one tool&lt;br /&gt;
Translation technology is constantly improving&lt;br /&gt;
The disadvantages of machine translation&lt;br /&gt;
Level of accuracy can be very low                    &lt;br /&gt;
Accuracy is also very inconsistent across different languages&lt;br /&gt;
==Machines can't translate context ==&lt;br /&gt;
Mistakes are sometimes costly                                              &lt;br /&gt;
Sometimes translation simply doesn’t work&lt;br /&gt;
The most important thing to consider with any kind of translation is the cost of potential mistakes. Translating instructions for medical equipment, aviation manuals, legal documents and many other kinds of content require 100% accuracy. In such cases, mistakes can cost lives, huge amounts of money and irreparable damage to your company’s image. So choose carefully!&lt;br /&gt;
Human translation: the pros and cons&lt;br /&gt;
Human translation essentially switches the table in terms of pros and cons. A higher standard of accuracy comes at the price of longer turnaround times and higher costs. What you have to decide is whether that initial investment outweighs the potential cost of mistakes. Alternatively, whether mistakes simply aren’t an option, like the cases we looked at in the previous section.&lt;br /&gt;
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==The advantages of human translation  ==&lt;br /&gt;
It’s a translator’s job to ensure the highest accuracy&lt;br /&gt;
Humans can interpret context and capture the same meaning, rather than simply translating words&lt;br /&gt;
Human translators can review their work and provide a quality process&lt;br /&gt;
Humans can interpret the creative use of language, e.g. puns, metaphors, slogans, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
Professional translators understand the idiomatic differences between their languages&lt;br /&gt;
Humans can spot pieces of content where literal translation isn’t possible and find the most suitable alternative&lt;br /&gt;
The disadvantages of human translation&lt;br /&gt;
Turnaround time is longer                                                               &lt;br /&gt;
Translators rarely work for free                                                       &lt;br /&gt;
Unless you use a translation agency, with access to thousands of translators, you’re limited to the languages any one translator can work with&lt;br /&gt;
Simply put, human translation is your best option when accuracy is even remotely important. Other considerations to make are the complexity of your source material and the two languages you’re translating between – both of which can render machines pretty useless.&lt;br /&gt;
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When to use machine and human translation&lt;br /&gt;
The truth is, the debate over machine vs human translation is an unnecessary distraction. What we should really be talking about is when to use these two different types of translation services, because they both serve a very valid purpose.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Examples of when to use machine translation&lt;br /&gt;
When you have a large bulk of content to translate and the general meaning is enough&lt;br /&gt;
When your translation never reaches the final audience, e.g. you’re translating a resource as research for another piece of content&lt;br /&gt;
Translating documents for internal use within a company, provided 100% accuracy isn’t needed&lt;br /&gt;
To partially translate large chunks of content for a human translator to improve upon&lt;br /&gt;
Examples of when to use human translation&lt;br /&gt;
When accuracy is important&lt;br /&gt;
Most cases where your translated content is received by a consumer audience&lt;br /&gt;
When you have a duty of care to provide accurate translations (e.g. legal documents, product instructions, medical guidelines or health and safety content)&lt;br /&gt;
When translating marketing material or other texts for creative language uses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the light of above mentioned facts and figures here by we would say that machine translation is challenge for human translators because it can reduces the wokload of translation but can't give accurate and exact translation of the traget language.It can be less reliable than human translation..&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_Trans_EN_9&amp;diff=130043</id>
		<title>Machine Trans EN 9</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_Trans_EN_9&amp;diff=130043"/>
		<updated>2021-12-08T11:30:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
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30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''9 谢佳芬（人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译）'''&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of information technology, many industries are facing the competitive pressure of artificial intelligence, and so is the field of translation. Artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and combined with the field of translation，which has brought great impact and changes to traditional translation, but artificial intelligence translation and artificial translation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Artificial translation is in the leading position in adapting to human language logical habits and understanding characteristics, but in terms of translation threshold and economic value, the efficiency of artificial intelligence translation is even better. In a word, we need to know that machine translation and human translation are complementary rather than antagonistic.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Key Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Artificial Translation; Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
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===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译&lt;br /&gt;
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===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
伴随着信息技术的不断发展，多个行业面临着人工智能的竞争压力，翻译领域也是如此。人工智能技术快速发展并与翻译领域结合，人工智能翻译给传统翻译带来了巨大的冲击和变革，但人工智能翻译与人工翻译存在着各自的优劣特点和发展空间，在适应人类语言逻辑习惯和理解特点的翻译效果上，人工翻译处于领先地位，但在翻译门槛和经济价值上，人工智能翻译的效率则更胜一筹。总的来说，我们要知道机器翻译与人工翻译是互补而非对立的关系。&lt;br /&gt;
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===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译;人工翻译;人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
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===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
====1.1 The History of Machine Translation Aborad====&lt;br /&gt;
The research history of machine translation can be traced back to the 1930s and 1940s. In the early 1930s, the French scientist G.B. Alchuni put forward the idea of using machines for translation. In 1933, the Soviet inventor Troyansky designed a machine to translate one language into another.In 1946, the world's first modern electronic computer ENIAC was born. Soon after, American scientist Warren Weaver, a pioneer of information theory, put forward the idea of automatic language translation by computer in 1947. In 1949, Warren Weaver published a memorandum entitled Translation, which formally raised the issue of machine translation. In 1954, Georgetown University, with the cooperation of IBM, completed the English-Russian machine translation experiment with IBM-701 computer for the first time, which opened the prelude of machine translation research. In 2006, Google translation was officially released as a free service software, bringing a big upsurge of statistical machine translation research. It was Franz Och who joined Google in 2004 and led Google translation. What’s more, it is precisely because of the unremitting efforts of generations of scientists that science fiction has been brought into reality step by step.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2 The History of Machine Translation in China====&lt;br /&gt;
In 1956, the research and development of machine translation has been named in the scientific and technological work and made little achievements in China. On the eve of the tenth anniversary of the National Day in 1959, our country successfully carried out experiments, which translated nine different types of complicated sentences on large general-purpose electronic computers. The dictionary includes 2030 entries, and the grammar rule system consists of 29 circuit diagrams.  After a period of stagnation, China's machine translation ushered in a high-speed development stage after the 1980s in the wave of the third scientific and technological revolution. With the rapid development of economy and science and technology, China has made a qualitative leap in the field of machine translation research with the pace of reform and opening up. In 1978, Institute of Scientific and Technological Information of China, Institute of Computing Technology and Institute of Linguistics carried out an English-Chinese translation experiment with 20 Metallurgical Title examples as the objects and achieved satisfactory results. Subsequently, they developed a JYE-I machine translation system, which based on 200 sentences from metallurgical documents. Its principles and methods were also widely used in the machine translation system developed in the future. In addition, the research achievements of machine translation in China during the 1980s and 1990s also include that Institute of Post and Telecommunication Sciences developed a machine translation system, C Retrieval and automatic typesetting system with good performance and strong practicability in October 1986; In 1988, ISTC launched the ISTIC-I English-Chinese Title System for the translation of applied literature of metallurgy, Information Research Institute of Railway developed an English-Chinese Title Recording machine translation system for railway documents; the Language Institute of the Academy of Social Sciences developed &amp;quot;Tianyu&amp;quot; English-Chinese machine translation system and Matr English-Chinese machine translation system developed by the computer department of National University of Defense Technology. After many explorations and studies, machine translation in China has gradually moved towards application, popularization and commercialization. China Software Technology Corporation launched &amp;quot;Yixing I&amp;quot; in 1988, marking China's machine translation system officially going to the market. After &amp;quot;Yixing&amp;quot;, a series of machine translation systems such as Gaoli system in Beijing, Tongyi system in Tianjin and Langwei system in Shaanxi have also entered the public. In the 21st century, the development of a series of apps such as Kingsoft Powerword, Youdao translation and Baidu translation has greatly met the needs of ordinary users for translation. According to the working principle, machine translation has roughly experienced three stages: rule-based machine translation, statistics-based machine translation and deep learning based neural machine translation. These three stages witnessed a leap in the quality of machine translation. Machine translation is more and more used in daily life and even the translation of some texts is almost comparable to artificial translation. In addition to text translation, voice translation, photo translation and other functions have also been listed, which provides great convenience for people's life. It is undeniable that machine translation has become the development trend of translation in the future.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.3 The Status Quo of Machine Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
In this big data era of information explosion, the prospect of machine translation is also bright. At present, the circular neural network system launched by Google has supported universal translation in more than 60 languages. Many Internet companies such as Microsoft Bing, Sogou, Tencent, Baidu and NetEase Youdao have also launched their own Internet free machine translation systems. Users can obtain translation results free of charge by logging in to the corresponding websites. At present, the circular neural network translation system launched by Google can support real-time translation of more than 60 languages, and the domestic Baidu online machine translation system can also support real-time translation of 28 languages. These Internet online machine translation systems are suitable for a variety of terminal platforms such as mobile phone, PC, tablet and web and its functions are also quite diverse, supporting many translation forms, such as screen word selection, text scanning translation, photo translation, offline translation, web page translation and so on. Although its translation quality needs to be improved, it has been outstanding in the fields of daily dialogue, news translation and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
Generally speaking, machine translation has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, accurate term translation and great development potential and etc. Machine translation is fast and efficient, this is something that artificial translation can’t catch up with. In addition, with the continuous emergence of all kinds of translation software in the market, compared with artificial translation, machine translation is cheap and sometimes even free, which greatly saves the economic cost and time for users with low translation quality requirements. What's more, compared with artificial translation, machine translation has a huge corpus, which makes the translation of some terms, especially the latest scientific and technological terms, more rapid and accurate. The accurate translation of these terms requires the translator to constantly learn, but learning needs a process, which has a certain test on the translator's learning ability and learning speed. In this regard, artificial translation has uncertainty and hysteretic nature. At the same time, with the progress of science and technology and the development of society, the function of machine translation will be more perfect and the quality of translation will be better.Today's machine translation tools and software are easy to carry, all you need to do is just to use the software and electronic dictionary in the mobile phone. There is no need to carry paper dictionaries and books for translation, which saves time and space. At the same time, machine translation covers many fields and is suitable for translation practice in different situations, such as academic, education, commercial trade, social networking, tourism, production technology, etc, it is also easy to deal with various professional terms. However, due to the limitation of translators' own knowledge, artificial translation is often limited to one or a few fields or industries. For example, it is difficult for an interpreter specializing in medical English to translate legal English.&lt;br /&gt;
At the same time, machine translation also has its limitations. At first, machine can only operate word to word translation, which only plays the function and role of dictionary. Then, the application of syntax enables the process of sentence translation and it can be solved by using the direct translation method. When the original text and the target language are highly similar, it can be translated directly. For example, the original text &amp;quot;他是个老师.&amp;quot; The target language is &amp;quot;he is a teacher &amp;quot;. With the increase of the structural complexity of the original text, the effect of machine translation is greatly reduced. Therefore, at the syntactic level, machine translation still stays in sentences with relatively simple structure. Meanwhile, the original text and the results of machine translation cannot be interchanged equally, indicating that English-Chinese translation has strong randomness, and is not rigorous and scientific enough. &lt;br /&gt;
Nowadays, machine translation is highly dependent on parallel corpora, but the construction of parallel corpora is not perfect. At present, the resources of some mainstream languages such as Chinese and English are relatively rich, while the data collection of many small languages is not satisfactory. Moreover, the current corpus is mainly concentrated in the fields of government literature, science and technology, current affairs and news, while there is a serious lack of data in other fields, which can’t reflect the advantages of machine translation. At the same time, corpus construction lags behind. Some informative texts introducing the latest cutting-edge research results often spread the latest academic knowledge and use a large number of new professional terms, such as academic papers and teaching materials while the corpus often lacks the corresponding words of the target language, which makes machine translation powerless&lt;br /&gt;
Besides, machine translation is not culturally sensitive. Human may never be able to program machines to understand and experience a particular culture. Different cultures have unique and different language systems, and machines do not have complexity to understand or recognize slang, jargon, puns and idioms. Therefore, their translation may not conform to cultural values and specific norms. This is also one of the challenges that the machine needs to overcome.Artificial intelligence may have human abstract thinking ability in the future, but it is difficult to have image thinking ability including imagination and emotion. Therefore, machine translation is often used in news, science and technology, patents, specifications and other text fields with the purpose of fact description, knowledge and information transmission. These words rarely involve emotional and cultural background. When translating expressive texts, the limitations of machine translation are exposed. The so-called expressive text refers to the text that pays attention to emotional expression and is full of imagination. Its main characteristics are subjectivity, emotion and imagination, such as novels, poetry, prose, art and so on. This kind of text attaches importance to the emotional expression of the author or character image, and uses a lot of metaphors, symbols and other expressions. Machine translation is difficult to catch up with artificial translation in this kind of text, it can only translate the main idea, lack of connotation and literary grace and it cannot have subjective feelings and rational analysis like human beings. In fact, it is not difficult to simulate the human brain, the difficulty is that it is impossible to learn from the rich social experience and life experience of excellent translators. In other words, machine translation lacks the personalization and creativity of human translation. It is this personalization and creativity that promote the development and evolution of language, and what machine translation can only output is mechanical &amp;quot;machine language&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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===3.The Irreplaceability of Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
====3.1 Translation is Constrained by Context====&lt;br /&gt;
At present, machine translation can help people deal with language communication in people's daily life and work, such as clothing, food, housing and transportation, but there is a big gap from the &amp;quot;faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance&amp;quot; emphasized by high-level translation. Language itself is art，which pays more attention to artistry than functionality, and the discipline of art is difficult to quantify and unify. Sometimes it is regular, rigorous, logical and clear, and sometimes it is random, free and logical. If it is translated by machine, it is difficult to grasp this degree. Sometimes, machine translation cannot connect words with contextual meaning. In many languages, the same word may have multiple completely unrelated meanings. In this case, context will have a great impact on word meaning, and the understanding of word meaning depends largely on the meaning read from context. Only human beings can combine words with context, determine their true meaning, and creatively adjust and modify the language to obtain a complete and accurate translation. This is undoubtedly very difficult for machine translation. Artificial translation can get rid of the constraints of the source language and translate the translation in line with the grammar, sentence patterns and word habits of the target language. In the process of translation, translators can use their own knowledge reserves to analyze the differences between the source language and the target language in thinking mode, cultural characteristics, social background, customs and habits, so as to translate a more accurate translation. Artificial translation can also add, delete, domesticate, modify and polish the translation according to the style, make up for the lack of culture, try to maintain the thought, artistic conception and charm of the original text and the style of the source language. In addition, translators can also judge and consider the words with multiple meanings or easy to produce ambiguity according to the context, so as to make the translation more clear and more accurate and improve the quality of the translation.&lt;br /&gt;
====3.2 Literary Translation is Inseparable from Human Participation====&lt;br /&gt;
Literary works express human rich thoughts and emotions, which contain profound cultural connotation. Only by clarifying the cultural background of the work and guessing the emotion expressed in the work can the translator feel it. However, the machine itself has neither emotion nor humanistic feelings, so how can it make a translation with human emotion. Although machine translation in the era of artificial intelligence has made great progress and can help people deal with some translation work, it is still difficult to reach the high standard and realm of translation. However, the current machine translation can’t take into account the cultural differences and language habits between the two languages. The translated literary works are difficult to understand or even twist its original meaning. While a good translator not only master the cultural background knowledge of the source language and the target language, also the translator can take into account the differences between the two languages and cultures, feel the emotions contained in the works, figure out the ideas the author wants to express, so as to translate more authentic works.&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Future Development Trend of Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
====4.1 Deep Integration of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation and artificial translation both complement , improve and develop with each other On the one hand, machine translation has indeed made great progress, brought changes in the field of translation, and saved a lot of time and energy for translators. From artificial intelligence to machine intelligence weak artificial intelligence (ANI) focuses on completing a specific task, such as speech recognition, image recognition and translation, so it is an artificial intelligence that is good at a single aspect. Strong artificial intelligence (AGI) is usually able to think, plan, solve problems, abstract thinking, understand complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience. Its system includes learning, language, cognition, reasoning, creation and planning and the goal is to enable artificial intelligence to deal with unprecedented details in the case of unsupervised learning, and carry out interactive learning with human beings at the same time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Driven by artificial intelligence technology, the mode of translation will roughly go through several stages, such as artificial translation, artificial translation with machine assistance, machine translation with artificial assistance, and intelligent machine translation. From traditional translation to machine translation with post-editing mode, from traditional interpretation to machine assisted interpretation, the degree of human-computer interaction is becoming higher and higher. At present, it is changing from artificial translation with machine assistance to machine translation with artificial assistance. In the future, a highly intelligent translation system will automatically connect all the resources required for translation, give full play to the advantages of artificial intelligence, focus the wisdom of translators on more valuable and creative work, and greatly liberate the workload of translation. For example, when doing some simple non-literary translation texts, machine translation can quickly complete a lot of translation work, which is unmatched by artificial translation. On the other hand, although the current machine translation has made a great breakthrough and can carry out some translation work, there are still some translation work that machine translation is not competent, such as literary translation, publishing publications and books, etc. The reason is that the existing technical level has not yet reached the point of replacing artificial translation. Therefore, we should not only improve our translation level, but also keep pace with the times, so as to be more competitive. In short, machine translation is inseparable from artificial translation. Artificial translation also needs the assistance of machine translation and the deep integration of the two will be the general trend. In the process of translation, we can combine the advantages of the two and learn from each other, which can not only improve efficiency, reduce the labor intensity of the translator, but also improve the quality of the translation. However, it is undeniable that in this process, some low-level translators will face the risk of elimination.&lt;br /&gt;
====4.2 Technicalization of Artificial Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Under the guidance of advanced information technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data, the technicalization of artificial translation will become an inevitable trend of artificial translation in the future. First of all, machine translation under artificial intelligence technology has triggered profound changes in the way and content of translation. In this context, translators should not only improve their professional translation ability, but also learn and apply new technologies, so as to be more competitive under the background of artificial intelligence. The current translation market requires translators to use some translation tools, which may be the future development trend. If translators know nothing about new translation technologies, it will be difficult to survive in the technical translation environment. This requires translators to keep pace with the times, learn and master the technical skills related to translation, and apply them to practice. So that when facing different translation scenarios and translation tasks, machine translation and artificial translation can work together. Machine translation will do some simple, basic and repetitive work, so as to save a lot of time and energy for translators to do some more complex work, so that translators can give full play to their advantages in their fields.&lt;br /&gt;
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===5. Discussion on the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
====5.1 Competition====&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous progress of science and technology, machine translation will play a more and more important role. However, the different characteristics of machine translation and artificial translation determine that they will have different markets. Those regular and stylized translation work will be gradually replaced by machine translation, which will occupy a dominant position in the middle and low-end translation market. For example, ordinary texts such as daily communication, instant messaging, e-mail and Wechat do not need very accurate and professional translation, and machine translation is enough to meet their needs. High-end artificial translation talents are still in short supply. For example, political discourse, legal documents and medical documents that require high translation accuracy . Take the political discourse as an example，political discourse often represents the national image and belongs to a very sensitive topic. A slight error will cause irreparable consequences and even affect international relations. For another example, literature, art and other fields with high requirements for imagination and creativity need artificial translation to assume humanistic responsibility while machine translation cannot make a perfect judgment in this regard. In the future, the division of labor between machine translation and artificial translation in the target market will gradually become clear. Machine translation and artificial translation will compete in different positioning markets. Moreover, we can see from the meaning and actual work of machine translation that compared with artificial translation, it is convenient to use, has no location restrictions, switches between multiple languages at any time and supports paragraph translation. As long as there is a network, it can be translated with high convenience and efficiency. Compared with online translation, artificial translation has higher flexibility, stronger pertinence and lower error rate. Taking simultaneous interpretation as an example, simultaneous interpretation is a very difficult interlingual conversion activity strictly limited by time, which requires the interpreter to quickly complete the prediction, understanding, memory and conversion of the source language information in a very short time with the help of the existing subject knowledge while listening to the source language, and to monitor, organize, modify and express the target language. Simultaneous interpretation translators have solid language skills, mature experience of conferences, and master extensive knowledge is an important prerequisite for doing well in simultaneous interpreting. And these are machine translation can’t be completed.&lt;br /&gt;
====5.2 Integration====&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.1 Complementarity Between Simple Translation and Complex Translation=====&lt;br /&gt;
Because machine translation can better translate some simple sentences and paragraphs, which can liberate translators from focusing on simple translation in terms of translation complexity, so that translators can have more time and energy to carry out some more complex translation work, for example, some texts with high national customs, foreign literary works with profound meaning, and texts using special rhetorical skills. In addition, laws and regulations, contracts and other texts have the highest requirements for quality, those texts need translation's standardization and accuracy, so artificial translation is safer. Literary and artistic texts focus on aesthetics and interest, so the style of the translation is pretty significant, which cannot be achieved by machine translation with only rationality and lack of humanistic cultivation. Some texts, such as product specifications, science and technology, economy and trade, news, etc., have moderate requirements for the quality of translation, and can adopt the mode of human-machine cooperation. There are usually two main modes: pre-editing + machine translation + post-editing and machine translation + post-editing. Pre-editing usually involves two parts: format processing and language processing, which refers to the structural modification of the text before machine translation. Its purpose is to reduce semantic ambiguity and make it conform to the logical mode of machine translation, so as to improve the accuracy and readability of the translation and reduce the workload of post-editing. However, no matter how intelligent the machine is and how long the translator spends on pre-editing, a certain proportion of the text that has not been successfully translated, so we still need the post-editing of machine translation. Therefore, it can be seen that machine translation and artificial translation are not antagonistic. The relationship between them should be a clear division of labor and complement each other.&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.2Complementarity Between Old and New Translation Tasks=====&lt;br /&gt;
Because machine translation has certain learning ability in some aspects, for example, based on its self-learning ability of neural network, it can memorize the existing programmatic expressions, terms and paragraphs in its database, and can translate them better and more accurately when it encounters similar sentence patterns next time so as to effectively avoid the problems of inconsistent terminology and inconsistent expression caused by the participation of many people in the translation project. Therefore, machine translation can achieve the purpose of saving translation human resources, so that they can better invest in the research and discussion of the translation of emerging terms or important expressions, and make them have stronger translation behavior.&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.3The Complementarity of Translation Scenarios=====&lt;br /&gt;
Due to its fast and convenient characteristics, machine translation can be better qualified for the application scenarios with loose translation quality and content requirements, such as daily communication, web browsing, information acquisition and so on. At present, the translation software developed in the market has basically changed from translation to faster intelligent voice real-time translation, which is welcomed by the majority of users. For more professional application scenarios, such as high-level meetings, negotiations and litigation, both translators and interpreters need more professional senior translators. For example, in some specific environments, only artificial translation can meet the translation needs, such as the translation of seven national languages in the national two sessions and congress of party representatives. Under these circumstances, only flexible artificial translation can work well. No matter whether the translation of paper documents or simultaneous interpreting at the scene requires professionals with rich experience in party and professional experience, they are determined by the seriousness and particularity of the translation scenario.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The rapid development of machine translation has indeed brought convenience to the public and produced certain economic benefits, but we can't exaggerate the effectiveness of machine translation. Some so-called professionals exaggerate the power of technology while ignoring the humanistic side of translation. The reason why translation activities thrive is that different nations and countries need cultural and ideological exchanges. One-sided emphasis on science and technology or humanities is an extreme approach. The correct approach is to integrate science and technology with humanities. We should not only pay attention to the convenience of machine translation technology, but also give full play to the subjectivity of translators. No matter how developed artificial intelligence is, it is only a product developed by human beings, and its ultimate goal is to serve human beings. In the increasingly developed era of informatization and specialization, translation professionals need to embrace new technologies, learn and apply new technologies to improve their professional translation ability with the help of machine translation technology, so as to make translation faster and better. Translation majors are highly practical, practical and professional. It can be predicted that the future manual interpreter should be a combination of bilingual ability and computer software development ability. What's more, translators should learn to use machine translation and strengthen their own translation technology application ability, which is a new model of translation in the future. But at the same time, we should also see that translation is a humanities. The translator is not only a cultural messenger, but also a guardian of language. Translation is not a simple conversion of words and sounds. Its essence is the communication and dissemination of body, mind and thinking between different cultures. The temperature, thickness and purity of human nature in interpersonal and cultural communication, and the skills, creativity and wisdom embodied in human translation are beyond the reach of machine translation. At the same time, the translator is the guardian of language. If thinkers and poets are the guardians of language, a translator with thinking, creativity and artistic sense also undertakes this responsibility. Regarding the translator as the guardian of language is the affirmation and understanding of the identity of the artificial translator. On the one hand, it avoids the erosion of the natural language by the machine translation, on the other hand, it is conducive to the exertion of the subjectivity of the artificial translator. Machine translation takes into account the transmission and accuracy of information, but it cannot take into account the polysemy, fuzziness and creativity of language. However, it is the polysemy, fuzziness and creativity of language that makes our life full of spirituality, beauty and vitality.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6.Suggestions for the Combined Development of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
====6.1 Reasonable Division of Labor====&lt;br /&gt;
First of all, we should speed up the training of translation talents so that senior translation talents can match the number of machine translation. In this way, when dealing with relevant translation business, we can achieve high business efficiency, good content and quality. Secondly, while accelerating the formation of the industry, relevant state departments should give certain policy support to improve the industry status of translators, have certain professional certification for professional translation content, raise the employment threshold of the translation industry, filter out those who are not professional, leave those with good skills and increase those with ability, In this way, the translation industry can form a certain scale industry in the high-end field. The formation of the industry also requires large-scale assembly line operation to meet the needs of manual translation, supplemented by the processing capacity of machine translation for medium and low-end content, so as to solve the problems of slow translation speed and high price in the past.&lt;br /&gt;
====6.2 Both Need to be Improved====&lt;br /&gt;
So far, the universal application of machine translation still focuses on the written form. Although Google and other companies have made attempts and achieved some achievements in machine interpretation, the technology of machine interpretation is still not mature enough. The author's proposal is not to replace artificial interpretation with machine interpretation, but to realize the intelligence of the middle and low-end market like written translation. In addition, artificial translation still needs to be refined. The requirements for translators should not only focus on the mastery of language, but also absorb more skilled personnel with professional background knowledge to join the professional translation team. The future industry integration will eliminate some translators with weak professional background knowledge. At the same time, expand the training mode of translation major in colleges and universities so that students can have more opportunities to participate in social practice. Meanwhile, colleges and universities should timely understand the needs of the industry, and carefully train students from the basic stage of freshman and sophomore, so as to make students more targeted for future employment.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
With the advent of the era of artificial intelligence, AI technology is affecting the development of translation on an unprecedented scale and speed, causing profound changes in the translation industry. On the one hand, machine translation at this stage has made great achievements, gradually penetrated into our life and work, and has been applied in many fields, which has brought great convenience to our life and work; On the other hand, there are many problems in machine translation，such as cultural differences and emotional factors in language, which makes it difficult for machine translation to replace artificial translation. Since machine translation and artificial translation have their own advantages, we need to face how to integrate them efficiently, so as to give full play to their advantages and improve translation efficiency and quality. Although the development prospect of machine translation is very bright, the scope of application of machine translation and translation technology is limited. It is mainly used in general news reports, scientific and technological texts and other highly repetitive texts, which cannot completely replace artificial translation. Even the most advanced neural machine translation system has only achieved good results in the fields of daily conversation, news translation and so on. Literary texts are highly metaphorical. Machine translation and translation technology can only be used as auxiliary translation means to serve professional translators. Machine translation and artificial intelligence will not replace human creativity and imagination, but will improve the quality of translation and avoid boring and repetitive translation work. The improvement of machine translation requires the joint efforts of computer science, information science, statistics, linguistics and other academic circles, so as to realize more mature man-machine mutual assistance translation. In general, machine translation is not only a challenge, but also an opportunity. If we want to turn the challenge into an opportunity, we must constantly improve our competitiveness, keep pace with the times, make full use of new technologies related to translation, and jointly create a new era of &amp;quot;man and machines dancing together&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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===References===&lt;br /&gt;
Fan Yuxiao 樊玉消.(2021). 浅谈人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译[A Brief Talk on Machine Translation and Human Translation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence] 海外英语 Overseas English(11)179-180&lt;br /&gt;
Liu YongQuan刘涌泉(1984)中国的机器翻译[China’s Machine Translation ].Bei Jing: Knowledge Press 知识出版社.&lt;br /&gt;
Li Li李利(2020) 浅析机器翻译和人工翻译的关系[A Brief Analysis of the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation]国际机关PR Magazine (09)276-277.&lt;br /&gt;
Liu Qun刘群（2012）机器翻译技术现状与展望 [Current Situation and Prospect of Machine Translation Technology]集成技术 Journal of Integration Technology(1)48-54.&lt;br /&gt;
Jin Wenlu 靳文璐. (2019). 机器翻译可以取代人工翻译吗? [Can machine translation replace artificial translation?]. 智库时代 Think Tank Times (40) 282-284.&lt;br /&gt;
Hu Kaibao Li Yi胡开宝，李翼(2016) 机器翻译特征及其与人工翻译关系的研究[Research on the Characteristics of Machine Translation and Its Relationship with Artificial Translation] 中国翻译 Chinese Translators Journal（37）：10-14&lt;br /&gt;
Dai Weichang 戴伟长（1994）国内外机器翻译进展状况[Progress of Machine Translation at Home and Abroad]软件世界 Software World(12):2-3&lt;br /&gt;
Wang Huashu WangXin王华树 王鑫(2021) 人工智能时代的翻译技术研究: 应用场景、 现存问题与趋势展望[Translation Research in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Application Scenarios, Existing Problems and Trends] 外国语文Foreign Language and Literature (01):9-17&lt;br /&gt;
Xu Yican Liu Jibin徐一灿 刘继斌(2017) 机器翻译的现状和前景[Current Situation and Prospect of Machine Translation] 海外英语Overseas English(11):117-118&lt;br /&gt;
Pang Yingyu(2019) 谈机器翻译与人工翻译的关系——从机器翻译与计算机辅助翻译的发展角度[The Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation -- From the Perspective of the Development of Machine Translation and Computer-aided Translation] 科学大众Popular Science(11):164-165&lt;br /&gt;
Liu Tianze刘天泽 浅谈人工智能翻译和人工翻译的比较与展望 A Brief Discussion on the Comparison and Prospect of Artificial Intelligence Translation and Artificial Translation海外英语 Overseas English(16):46-47&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_Trans_EN_9&amp;diff=130042</id>
		<title>Machine Trans EN 9</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_Trans_EN_9&amp;diff=130042"/>
		<updated>2021-12-08T11:29:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
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30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''9 谢佳芬（人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译）'''&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of information technology, many industries are facing the competitive pressure of artificial intelligence, and so is the field of translation. Artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and combined with the field of translation，which has brought great impact and changes to traditional translation, but artificial intelligence translation and artificial translation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Artificial translation is in the leading position in adapting to human language logical habits and understanding characteristics, but in terms of translation threshold and economic value, the efficiency of artificial intelligence translation is even better. In a word, we need to know that machine translation and human translation are complementary rather than antagonistic.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Key Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Artificial Translation; Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
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===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译&lt;br /&gt;
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===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
伴随着信息技术的不断发展，多个行业面临着人工智能的竞争压力，翻译领域也是如此。人工智能技术快速发展并与翻译领域结合，人工智能翻译给传统翻译带来了巨大的冲击和变革，但人工智能翻译与人工翻译存在着各自的优劣特点和发展空间，在适应人类语言逻辑习惯和理解特点的翻译效果上，人工翻译处于领先地位，但在翻译门槛和经济价值上，人工智能翻译的效率则更胜一筹。总的来说，我们要知道机器翻译与人工翻译是互补而非对立的关系。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译;人工翻译;人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
====1.1 The History of Machine Translation Aborad====&lt;br /&gt;
The research history of machine translation can be traced back to the 1930s and 1940s. In the early 1930s, the French scientist G.B. Alchuni put forward the idea of using machines for translation. In 1933, the Soviet inventor Troyansky designed a machine to translate one language into another.In 1946, the world's first modern electronic computer ENIAC was born. Soon after, American scientist Warren Weaver, a pioneer of information theory, put forward the idea of automatic language translation by computer in 1947. In 1949, Warren Weaver published a memorandum entitled Translation, which formally raised the issue of machine translation. In 1954, Georgetown University, with the cooperation of IBM, completed the English-Russian machine translation experiment with IBM-701 computer for the first time, which opened the prelude of machine translation research. In 2006, Google translation was officially released as a free service software, bringing a big upsurge of statistical machine translation research. It was Franz Och who joined Google in 2004 and led Google translation. What’s more, it is precisely because of the unremitting efforts of generations of scientists that science fiction has been brought into reality step by step.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2 The History of Machine Translation in China====&lt;br /&gt;
In 1956, the research and development of machine translation has been named in the scientific and technological work and made little achievements in China. On the eve of the tenth anniversary of the National Day in 1959, our country successfully carried out experiments, which translated nine different types of complicated sentences on large general-purpose electronic computers. The dictionary includes 2030 entries, and the grammar rule system consists of 29 circuit diagrams.  After a period of stagnation, China's machine translation ushered in a high-speed development stage after the 1980s in the wave of the third scientific and technological revolution. With the rapid development of economy and science and technology, China has made a qualitative leap in the field of machine translation research with the pace of reform and opening up. In 1978, Institute of Scientific and Technological Information of China, Institute of Computing Technology and Institute of Linguistics carried out an English-Chinese translation experiment with 20 Metallurgical Title examples as the objects and achieved satisfactory results. Subsequently, they developed a JYE-I machine translation system, which based on 200 sentences from metallurgical documents. Its principles and methods were also widely used in the machine translation system developed in the future. In addition, the research achievements of machine translation in China during the 1980s and 1990s also include that Institute of Post and Telecommunication Sciences developed a machine translation system, C Retrieval and automatic typesetting system with good performance and strong practicability in October 1986; In 1988, ISTC launched the ISTIC-I English-Chinese Title System for the translation of applied literature of metallurgy, Information Research Institute of Railway developed an English-Chinese Title Recording machine translation system for railway documents; the Language Institute of the Academy of Social Sciences developed &amp;quot;Tianyu&amp;quot; English-Chinese machine translation system and Matr English-Chinese machine translation system developed by the computer department of National University of Defense Technology. After many explorations and studies, machine translation in China has gradually moved towards application, popularization and commercialization. China Software Technology Corporation launched &amp;quot;Yixing I&amp;quot; in 1988, marking China's machine translation system officially going to the market. After &amp;quot;Yixing&amp;quot;, a series of machine translation systems such as Gaoli system in Beijing, Tongyi system in Tianjin and Langwei system in Shaanxi have also entered the public. In the 21st century, the development of a series of apps such as Kingsoft Powerword, Youdao translation and Baidu translation has greatly met the needs of ordinary users for translation. According to the working principle, machine translation has roughly experienced three stages: rule-based machine translation, statistics-based machine translation and deep learning based neural machine translation. These three stages witnessed a leap in the quality of machine translation. Machine translation is more and more used in daily life and even the translation of some texts is almost comparable to artificial translation. In addition to text translation, voice translation, photo translation and other functions have also been listed, which provides great convenience for people's life. It is undeniable that machine translation has become the development trend of translation in the future.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.3 The Status Quo of Machine Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
In this big data era of information explosion, the prospect of machine translation is also bright. At present, the circular neural network system launched by Google has supported universal translation in more than 60 languages. Many Internet companies such as Microsoft Bing, Sogou, Tencent, Baidu and NetEase Youdao have also launched their own Internet free machine translation systems. Users can obtain translation results free of charge by logging in to the corresponding websites. At present, the circular neural network translation system launched by Google can support real-time translation of more than 60 languages, and the domestic Baidu online machine translation system can also support real-time translation of 28 languages. These Internet online machine translation systems are suitable for a variety of terminal platforms such as mobile phone, PC, tablet and web and its functions are also quite diverse, supporting many translation forms, such as screen word selection, text scanning translation, photo translation, offline translation, web page translation and so on. Although its translation quality needs to be improved, it has been outstanding in the fields of daily dialogue, news translation and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
Generally speaking, machine translation has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, accurate term translation and great development potential and etc. Machine translation is fast and efficient, this is something that artificial translation can’t catch up with. In addition, with the continuous emergence of all kinds of translation software in the market, compared with artificial translation, machine translation is cheap and sometimes even free, which greatly saves the economic cost and time for users with low translation quality requirements. What's more, compared with artificial translation, machine translation has a huge corpus, which makes the translation of some terms, especially the latest scientific and technological terms, more rapid and accurate. The accurate translation of these terms requires the translator to constantly learn, but learning needs a process, which has a certain test on the translator's learning ability and learning speed. In this regard, artificial translation has uncertainty and hysteretic nature. At the same time, with the progress of science and technology and the development of society, the function of machine translation will be more perfect and the quality of translation will be better.Today's machine translation tools and software are easy to carry, all you need to do is just to use the software and electronic dictionary in the mobile phone. There is no need to carry paper dictionaries and books for translation, which saves time and space. At the same time, machine translation covers many fields and is suitable for translation practice in different situations, such as academic, education, commercial trade, social networking, tourism, production technology, etc, it is also easy to deal with various professional terms. However, due to the limitation of translators' own knowledge, artificial translation is often limited to one or a few fields or industries. For example, it is difficult for an interpreter specializing in medical English to translate legal English.&lt;br /&gt;
At the same time, machine translation also has its limitations. At first, machine can only operate word to word translation, which only plays the function and role of dictionary. Then, the application of syntax enables the process of sentence translation and it can be solved by using the direct translation method. When the original text and the target language are highly similar, it can be translated directly. For example, the original text &amp;quot;他是个老师.&amp;quot; The target language is &amp;quot;he is a teacher &amp;quot;. With the increase of the structural complexity of the original text, the effect of machine translation is greatly reduced. Therefore, at the syntactic level, machine translation still stays in sentences with relatively simple structure. Meanwhile, the original text and the results of machine translation cannot be interchanged equally, indicating that English-Chinese translation has strong randomness, and is not rigorous and scientific enough. &lt;br /&gt;
Nowadays, machine translation is highly dependent on parallel corpora, but the construction of parallel corpora is not perfect. At present, the resources of some mainstream languages such as Chinese and English are relatively rich, while the data collection of many small languages is not satisfactory. Moreover, the current corpus is mainly concentrated in the fields of government literature, science and technology, current affairs and news, while there is a serious lack of data in other fields, which can’t reflect the advantages of machine translation. At the same time, corpus construction lags behind. Some informative texts introducing the latest cutting-edge research results often spread the latest academic knowledge and use a large number of new professional terms, such as academic papers and teaching materials while the corpus often lacks the corresponding words of the target language, which makes machine translation powerless&lt;br /&gt;
Besides, machine translation is not culturally sensitive. Human may never be able to program machines to understand and experience a particular culture. Different cultures have unique and different language systems, and machines do not have complexity to understand or recognize slang, jargon, puns and idioms. Therefore, their translation may not conform to cultural values and specific norms. This is also one of the challenges that the machine needs to overcome.Artificial intelligence may have human abstract thinking ability in the future, but it is difficult to have image thinking ability including imagination and emotion. Therefore, machine translation is often used in news, science and technology, patents, specifications and other text fields with the purpose of fact description, knowledge and information transmission. These words rarely involve emotional and cultural background. When translating expressive texts, the limitations of machine translation are exposed. The so-called expressive text refers to the text that pays attention to emotional expression and is full of imagination. Its main characteristics are subjectivity, emotion and imagination, such as novels, poetry, prose, art and so on. This kind of text attaches importance to the emotional expression of the author or character image, and uses a lot of metaphors, symbols and other expressions. Machine translation is difficult to catch up with artificial translation in this kind of text, it can only translate the main idea, lack of connotation and literary grace and it cannot have subjective feelings and rational analysis like human beings. In fact, it is not difficult to simulate the human brain, the difficulty is that it is impossible to learn from the rich social experience and life experience of excellent translators. In other words, machine translation lacks the personalization and creativity of human translation. It is this personalization and creativity that promote the development and evolution of language, and what machine translation can only output is mechanical &amp;quot;machine language&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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===3.The Irreplaceability of Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
====3.1 Translation is Constrained by Context====&lt;br /&gt;
At present, machine translation can help people deal with language communication in people's daily life and work, such as clothing, food, housing and transportation, but there is a big gap from the &amp;quot;faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance&amp;quot; emphasized by high-level translation. Language itself is art，which pays more attention to artistry than functionality, and the discipline of art is difficult to quantify and unify. Sometimes it is regular, rigorous, logical and clear, and sometimes it is random, free and logical. If it is translated by machine, it is difficult to grasp this degree. Sometimes, machine translation cannot connect words with contextual meaning. In many languages, the same word may have multiple completely unrelated meanings. In this case, context will have a great impact on word meaning, and the understanding of word meaning depends largely on the meaning read from context. Only human beings can combine words with context, determine their true meaning, and creatively adjust and modify the language to obtain a complete and accurate translation. This is undoubtedly very difficult for machine translation. Artificial translation can get rid of the constraints of the source language and translate the translation in line with the grammar, sentence patterns and word habits of the target language. In the process of translation, translators can use their own knowledge reserves to analyze the differences between the source language and the target language in thinking mode, cultural characteristics, social background, customs and habits, so as to translate a more accurate translation. Artificial translation can also add, delete, domesticate, modify and polish the translation according to the style, make up for the lack of culture, try to maintain the thought, artistic conception and charm of the original text and the style of the source language. In addition, translators can also judge and consider the words with multiple meanings or easy to produce ambiguity according to the context, so as to make the translation more clear and more accurate and improve the quality of the translation.&lt;br /&gt;
====3.2 Literary Translation is Inseparable from Human Participation====&lt;br /&gt;
Literary works express human rich thoughts and emotions, which contain profound cultural connotation. Only by clarifying the cultural background of the work and guessing the emotion expressed in the work can the translator feel it. However, the machine itself has neither emotion nor humanistic feelings, so how can it make a translation with human emotion. Although machine translation in the era of artificial intelligence has made great progress and can help people deal with some translation work, it is still difficult to reach the high standard and realm of translation. However, the current machine translation can’t take into account the cultural differences and language habits between the two languages. The translated literary works are difficult to understand or even twist its original meaning. While a good translator not only master the cultural background knowledge of the source language and the target language, also the translator can take into account the differences between the two languages and cultures, feel the emotions contained in the works, figure out the ideas the author wants to express, so as to translate more authentic works.&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Future Development Trend of Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
====4.1 Deep Integration of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation and artificial translation both complement , improve and develop with each other On the one hand, machine translation has indeed made great progress, brought changes in the field of translation, and saved a lot of time and energy for translators. From artificial intelligence to machine intelligence weak artificial intelligence (ANI) focuses on completing a specific task, such as speech recognition, image recognition and translation, so it is an artificial intelligence that is good at a single aspect. Strong artificial intelligence (AGI) is usually able to think, plan, solve problems, abstract thinking, understand complex ideas, learn quickly and learn from experience. Its system includes learning, language, cognition, reasoning, creation and planning and the goal is to enable artificial intelligence to deal with unprecedented details in the case of unsupervised learning, and carry out interactive learning with human beings at the same time.&lt;br /&gt;
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Driven by artificial intelligence technology, the mode of translation will roughly go through several stages, such as artificial translation, artificial translation with machine assistance, machine translation with artificial assistance, and intelligent machine translation. From traditional translation to machine translation with post-editing mode, from traditional interpretation to machine assisted interpretation, the degree of human-computer interaction is becoming higher and higher. At present, it is changing from artificial translation with machine assistance to machine translation with artificial assistance. In the future, a highly intelligent translation system will automatically connect all the resources required for translation, give full play to the advantages of artificial intelligence, focus the wisdom of translators on more valuable and creative work, and greatly liberate the workload of translation. For example, when doing some simple non-literary translation texts, machine translation can quickly complete a lot of translation work, which is unmatched by artificial translation. On the other hand, although the current machine translation has made a great breakthrough and can carry out some translation work, there are still some translation work that machine translation is not competent, such as literary translation, publishing publications and books, etc. The reason is that the existing technical level has not yet reached the point of replacing artificial translation. Therefore, we should not only improve our translation level, but also keep pace with the times, so as to be more competitive. In short, machine translation is inseparable from artificial translation. Artificial translation also needs the assistance of machine translation and the deep integration of the two will be the general trend. In the process of translation, we can combine the advantages of the two and learn from each other, which can not only improve efficiency, reduce the labor intensity of the translator, but also improve the quality of the translation. However, it is undeniable that in this process, some low-level translators will face the risk of elimination.&lt;br /&gt;
====4.2 Technicalization of Artificial Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Under the guidance of advanced information technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data, the technicalization of artificial translation will become an inevitable trend of artificial translation in the future. First of all, machine translation under artificial intelligence technology has triggered profound changes in the way and content of translation. In this context, translators should not only improve their professional translation ability, but also learn and apply new technologies, so as to be more competitive under the background of artificial intelligence. The current translation market requires translators to use some translation tools, which may be the future development trend. If translators know nothing about new translation technologies, it will be difficult to survive in the technical translation environment. This requires translators to keep pace with the times, learn and master the technical skills related to translation, and apply them to practice. So that when facing different translation scenarios and translation tasks, machine translation and artificial translation can work together. Machine translation will do some simple, basic and repetitive work, so as to save a lot of time and energy for translators to do some more complex work, so that translators can give full play to their advantages in their fields.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. Discussion on the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
====5.1 Competition====&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous progress of science and technology, machine translation will play a more and more important role. However, the different characteristics of machine translation and artificial translation determine that they will have different markets. Those regular and stylized translation work will be gradually replaced by machine translation, which will occupy a dominant position in the middle and low-end translation market. For example, ordinary texts such as daily communication, instant messaging, e-mail and Wechat do not need very accurate and professional translation, and machine translation is enough to meet their needs. High-end artificial translation talents are still in short supply. For example, political discourse, legal documents and medical documents that require high translation accuracy . Take the political discourse as an example，political discourse often represents the national image and belongs to a very sensitive topic. A slight error will cause irreparable consequences and even affect international relations. For another example, literature, art and other fields with high requirements for imagination and creativity need artificial translation to assume humanistic responsibility while machine translation cannot make a perfect judgment in this regard. In the future, the division of labor between machine translation and artificial translation in the target market will gradually become clear. Machine translation and artificial translation will compete in different positioning markets. Moreover, we can see from the meaning and actual work of machine translation that compared with artificial translation, it is convenient to use, has no location restrictions, switches between multiple languages at any time and supports paragraph translation. As long as there is a network, it can be translated with high convenience and efficiency. Compared with online translation, artificial translation has higher flexibility, stronger pertinence and lower error rate. Taking simultaneous interpretation as an example, simultaneous interpretation is a very difficult interlingual conversion activity strictly limited by time, which requires the interpreter to quickly complete the prediction, understanding, memory and conversion of the source language information in a very short time with the help of the existing subject knowledge while listening to the source language, and to monitor, organize, modify and express the target language. Simultaneous interpretation translators have solid language skills, mature experience of conferences, and master extensive knowledge is an important prerequisite for doing well in simultaneous interpreting. And these are machine translation can’t be completed.&lt;br /&gt;
====5.2 Integration====&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.1 Complementarity Between Simple Translation and Complex Translation=====&lt;br /&gt;
Because machine translation can better translate some simple sentences and paragraphs, which can liberate translators from focusing on simple translation in terms of translation complexity, so that translators can have more time and energy to carry out some more complex translation work, for example, some texts with high national customs, foreign literary works with profound meaning, and texts using special rhetorical skills. In addition, laws and regulations, contracts and other texts have the highest requirements for quality, those texts need translation's standardization and accuracy, so artificial translation is safer. Literary and artistic texts focus on aesthetics and interest, so the style of the translation is pretty significant, which cannot be achieved by machine translation with only rationality and lack of humanistic cultivation. Some texts, such as product specifications, science and technology, economy and trade, news, etc., have moderate requirements for the quality of translation, and can adopt the mode of human-machine cooperation. There are usually two main modes: pre-editing + machine translation + post-editing and machine translation + post-editing. Pre-editing usually involves two parts: format processing and language processing, which refers to the structural modification of the text before machine translation. Its purpose is to reduce semantic ambiguity and make it conform to the logical mode of machine translation, so as to improve the accuracy and readability of the translation and reduce the workload of post-editing. However, no matter how intelligent the machine is and how long the translator spends on pre-editing, a certain proportion of the text that has not been successfully translated, so we still need the post-editing of machine translation. Therefore, it can be seen that machine translation and artificial translation are not antagonistic. The relationship between them should be a clear division of labor and complement each other.&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.2Complementarity Between Old and New Translation Tasks=====&lt;br /&gt;
Because machine translation has certain learning ability in some aspects, for example, based on its self-learning ability of neural network, it can memorize the existing programmatic expressions, terms and paragraphs in its database, and can translate them better and more accurately when it encounters similar sentence patterns next time so as to effectively avoid the problems of inconsistent terminology and inconsistent expression caused by the participation of many people in the translation project. Therefore, machine translation can achieve the purpose of saving translation human resources, so that they can better invest in the research and discussion of the translation of emerging terms or important expressions, and make them have stronger translation behavior.&lt;br /&gt;
=====5.2.3The Complementarity of Translation Scenarios=====&lt;br /&gt;
Due to its fast and convenient characteristics, machine translation can be better qualified for the application scenarios with loose translation quality and content requirements, such as daily communication, web browsing, information acquisition and so on. At present, the translation software developed in the market has basically changed from translation to faster intelligent voice real-time translation, which is welcomed by the majority of users. For more professional application scenarios, such as high-level meetings, negotiations and litigation, both translators and interpreters need more professional senior translators. For example, in some specific environments, only artificial translation can meet the translation needs, such as the translation of seven national languages in the national two sessions and congress of party representatives. Under these circumstances, only flexible artificial translation can work well. No matter whether the translation of paper documents or simultaneous interpreting at the scene requires professionals with rich experience in party and professional experience, they are determined by the seriousness and particularity of the translation scenario.&lt;br /&gt;
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The rapid development of machine translation has indeed brought convenience to the public and produced certain economic benefits, but we can't exaggerate the effectiveness of machine translation. Some so-called professionals exaggerate the power of technology while ignoring the humanistic side of translation. The reason why translation activities thrive is that different nations and countries need cultural and ideological exchanges. One-sided emphasis on science and technology or humanities is an extreme approach. The correct approach is to integrate science and technology with humanities. We should not only pay attention to the convenience of machine translation technology, but also give full play to the subjectivity of translators. No matter how developed artificial intelligence is, it is only a product developed by human beings, and its ultimate goal is to serve human beings. In the increasingly developed era of informatization and specialization, translation professionals need to embrace new technologies, learn and apply new technologies to improve their professional translation ability with the help of machine translation technology, so as to make translation faster and better. Translation majors are highly practical, practical and professional. It can be predicted that the future manual interpreter should be a combination of bilingual ability and computer software development ability. What's more, translators should learn to use machine translation and strengthen their own translation technology application ability, which is a new model of translation in the future. But at the same time, we should also see that translation is a humanities. The translator is not only a cultural messenger, but also a guardian of language. Translation is not a simple conversion of words and sounds. Its essence is the communication and dissemination of body, mind and thinking between different cultures. The temperature, thickness and purity of human nature in interpersonal and cultural communication, and the skills, creativity and wisdom embodied in human translation are beyond the reach of machine translation. At the same time, the translator is the guardian of language. If thinkers and poets are the guardians of language, a translator with thinking, creativity and artistic sense also undertakes this responsibility. Regarding the translator as the guardian of language is the affirmation and understanding of the identity of the artificial translator. On the one hand, it avoids the erosion of the natural language by the machine translation, on the other hand, it is conducive to the exertion of the subjectivity of the artificial translator. Machine translation takes into account the transmission and accuracy of information, but it cannot take into account the polysemy, fuzziness and creativity of language. However, it is the polysemy, fuzziness and creativity of language that makes our life full of spirituality, beauty and vitality.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6.Suggestions for the Combined Development of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
====6.1 Reasonable Division of Labor====&lt;br /&gt;
First of all, we should speed up the training of translation talents so that senior translation talents can match the number of machine translation. In this way, when dealing with relevant translation business, we can achieve high business efficiency, good content and quality. Secondly, while accelerating the formation of the industry, relevant state departments should give certain policy support to improve the industry status of translators, have certain professional certification for professional translation content, raise the employment threshold of the translation industry, filter out those who are not professional, leave those with good skills and increase those with ability, In this way, the translation industry can form a certain scale industry in the high-end field. The formation of the industry also requires large-scale assembly line operation to meet the needs of manual translation, supplemented by the processing capacity of machine translation for medium and low-end content, so as to solve the problems of slow translation speed and high price in the past.&lt;br /&gt;
====6.2 Both Need to be Improved=====&lt;br /&gt;
So far, the universal application of machine translation still focuses on the written form. Although Google and other companies have made attempts and achieved some achievements in machine interpretation, the technology of machine interpretation is still not mature enough. The author's proposal is not to replace artificial interpretation with machine interpretation, but to realize the intelligence of the middle and low-end market like written translation. In addition, artificial translation still needs to be refined. The requirements for translators should not only focus on the mastery of language, but also absorb more skilled personnel with professional background knowledge to join the professional translation team. The future industry integration will eliminate some translators with weak professional background knowledge. At the same time, expand the training mode of translation major in colleges and universities so that students can have more opportunities to participate in social practice. Meanwhile, colleges and universities should timely understand the needs of the industry, and carefully train students from the basic stage of freshman and sophomore, so as to make students more targeted for future employment.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
With the advent of the era of artificial intelligence, AI technology is affecting the development of translation on an unprecedented scale and speed, causing profound changes in the translation industry. On the one hand, machine translation at this stage has made great achievements, gradually penetrated into our life and work, and has been applied in many fields, which has brought great convenience to our life and work; On the other hand, there are many problems in machine translation，such as cultural differences and emotional factors in language, which makes it difficult for machine translation to replace artificial translation. Since machine translation and artificial translation have their own advantages, we need to face how to integrate them efficiently, so as to give full play to their advantages and improve translation efficiency and quality. Although the development prospect of machine translation is very bright, the scope of application of machine translation and translation technology is limited. It is mainly used in general news reports, scientific and technological texts and other highly repetitive texts, which cannot completely replace artificial translation. Even the most advanced neural machine translation system has only achieved good results in the fields of daily conversation, news translation and so on. Literary texts are highly metaphorical. Machine translation and translation technology can only be used as auxiliary translation means to serve professional translators. Machine translation and artificial intelligence will not replace human creativity and imagination, but will improve the quality of translation and avoid boring and repetitive translation work. The improvement of machine translation requires the joint efforts of computer science, information science, statistics, linguistics and other academic circles, so as to realize more mature man-machine mutual assistance translation. In general, machine translation is not only a challenge, but also an opportunity. If we want to turn the challenge into an opportunity, we must constantly improve our competitiveness, keep pace with the times, make full use of new technologies related to translation, and jointly create a new era of &amp;quot;man and machines dancing together&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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===References===&lt;br /&gt;
Fan Yuxiao 樊玉消.(2021). 浅谈人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译[A Brief Talk on Machine Translation and Human Translation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence] 海外英语 Overseas English(11)179-180&lt;br /&gt;
Liu YongQuan刘涌泉(1984)中国的机器翻译[China’s Machine Translation ].Bei Jing: Knowledge Press 知识出版社.&lt;br /&gt;
Li Li李利(2020) 浅析机器翻译和人工翻译的关系[A Brief Analysis of the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation]国际机关PR Magazine (09)276-277.&lt;br /&gt;
Liu Qun刘群（2012）机器翻译技术现状与展望 [Current Situation and Prospect of Machine Translation Technology]集成技术 Journal of Integration Technology(1)48-54.&lt;br /&gt;
Jin Wenlu 靳文璐. (2019). 机器翻译可以取代人工翻译吗? [Can machine translation replace artificial translation?]. 智库时代 Think Tank Times (40) 282-284.&lt;br /&gt;
Hu Kaibao Li Yi胡开宝，李翼(2016) 机器翻译特征及其与人工翻译关系的研究[Research on the Characteristics of Machine Translation and Its Relationship with Artificial Translation] 中国翻译 Chinese Translators Journal（37）：10-14&lt;br /&gt;
Dai Weichang 戴伟长（1994）国内外机器翻译进展状况[Progress of Machine Translation at Home and Abroad]软件世界 Software World(12):2-3&lt;br /&gt;
Wang Huashu WangXin王华树 王鑫(2021) 人工智能时代的翻译技术研究: 应用场景、 现存问题与趋势展望[Translation Research in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: Application Scenarios, Existing Problems and Trends] 外国语文Foreign Language and Literature (01):9-17&lt;br /&gt;
Xu Yican Liu Jibin徐一灿 刘继斌(2017) 机器翻译的现状和前景[Current Situation and Prospect of Machine Translation] 海外英语Overseas English(11):117-118&lt;br /&gt;
Pang Yingyu(2019) 谈机器翻译与人工翻译的关系——从机器翻译与计算机辅助翻译的发展角度[The Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation -- From the Perspective of the Development of Machine Translation and Computer-aided Translation] 科学大众Popular Science(11):164-165&lt;br /&gt;
Liu Tianze刘天泽 浅谈人工智能翻译和人工翻译的比较与展望 A Brief Discussion on the Comparison and Prospect of Artificial Intelligence Translation and Artificial Translation海外英语 Overseas English(16):46-47&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
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		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532 */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;Quicklinks: [[Introduction_to_Translation_Studies_2021|Back to course homepage]] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal#Frequently_asked_questions_FAQ FAQ]  [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal Manual] [[20210926_homework|Back to all homework webpages overview]] [[20220112_final_exam|final exam page]]&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈静 Chén Jìng 国别 女 202020080595==&lt;br /&gt;
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说了一会话，临走又送我二两银子。”甄家娘子听了，不觉感伤。一夜无话。&lt;br /&gt;
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==蔡珠凤 Cài Zhūfèng 法语语言文学 女 202120081477==&lt;br /&gt;
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次日，早有雨村遣人送了两封银子、四匹锦缎，答谢甄家娘子；又一封密书与封肃，托他向甄家娘子要那娇杏作二房。封肃喜得眉开眼笑，巴不得去奉承太爷，便在女儿前一力撺掇。&lt;br /&gt;
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The next day, Yucun sent two bundles of silver and four brocades to thank the Zhen lady; Another secret letter to Feng Su asked him to ask the Zhen lady for the delicate Jiaoxing as concubine. Feng Su was so happy that he was eager to flatter the Lord, so he tried his best to encourage his daughter.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 14:01, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈惠妮 Chén Huìnī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081479==&lt;br /&gt;
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当夜用一乘小轿，便把娇杏送进衙内去了。雨村欢喜，自不必言；又封百金赠与封肃，又送甄家娘子许多礼物，令其且自过活，以待访寻女儿下落。&lt;br /&gt;
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One evening, Jiaoxing was sent to prison by a small sedan carriage. Undoutedbly, Yuchun was very pleased and gave hundreds of golds to Fengsu and many gifts to Zhen's wife so that she can live by herself untill her daugther was found.--[[User:Chen Huini|Chen Huini]] ([[User talk:Chen Huini|talk]]) 11:17, 4 December 2021 (UTC)Chen Huini&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈湘琼 Chén Xiāngqióng 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081480==&lt;br /&gt;
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却说娇杏那丫头，便是当年回顾雨村的，因偶然一看，便弄出这段奇缘，也是意想不到之事。谁知他命运两济：不承望自到雨村身边只一年，便生一子；又半载，雨村嫡配忽染疾下世，雨村便将他扶作正室夫人。&lt;br /&gt;
==陈心怡 Chén Xīnyí 翻译学 女 202120081481==&lt;br /&gt;
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正是：偶因一回顾，便为人上人。原来雨村因那年士隐赠银之后，他于十六日便起身赴京。大比之期，十分得意，中了进士，选入外班，今已升了本县太爷。&lt;br /&gt;
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Jiaoxing looked back at Jia Yucun out of curiosity, not out of love. But because of such a chance, from a little girl who was serviced, she became a rich lady who serviced others. It turns out that Yucun because of silver given by Shiyin in that year, he left for Beijing on the 16th. He was lucky enough to won the scholar in the great competition and was selected into the outer class, now has been promoted to the county magistrate. --[[User:Chen Xinyi|Chen Xinyi]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi|talk]]) 09:33, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==程杨 Chéng Yáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081482==&lt;br /&gt;
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虽才干优长，未免贪酷，且恃才侮上，那同寅皆侧目而视。不上一年，便被上司参了一本，说他貌似有才，性实狡猾；又题了一两件徇庇蠹役、交结乡绅之事。&lt;br /&gt;
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==丁旋 Dīng Xuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081483==&lt;br /&gt;
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龙颜大怒，即命革职。部文一到，本府各官无不喜悦。那雨村虽十分惭恨，面上却全无一点怨色，仍是嘻笑自若。&lt;br /&gt;
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==杜莉娜 Dù Lìnuó 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081484==&lt;br /&gt;
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交代过了公事，将历年所积的宦囊，并家属人等，送至原籍，安顿妥当了，却自己担风袖月，游览天下胜迹。那日偶又游至维扬地方，闻得今年盐政点的是林如海。&lt;br /&gt;
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==付红岩 Fù Hóngyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081485==&lt;br /&gt;
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这林如海姓林名海，表字如海，乃是前科的探花，今已升兰台寺大夫，本贯姑苏人氏，今钦点为巡盐御史，到任未久。&lt;br /&gt;
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==付诗雨 Fù Shīyǔ 日语语言文学 女 202120081486==&lt;br /&gt;
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原来这林如海之祖，也曾袭过列侯的，今到如海，业经五世。起初只袭三世，因当今隆恩盛德，额外加恩，至如海之父又袭了一代，到了如海便从科第出身。&lt;br /&gt;
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In fact, the ancestors of Lin Ju-hai had, from years back, successively inherited the title of Marquis, which rank, by its present descent to Ju-hai, had already been enjoyed by five generations. When first conferred, the hereditary right to the title had been limited to three generations; but of late years, by an act of magnanimous favour and generous beneficence, extraordinary bounty had been superadded; and on the arrival of the succession to the father of Ju-hai, the right had been extended to another degree. It had now descended to Ju-hai, who had, besides this title of nobility, begun his career as a successful graduate. --[[User:Fu Shiyu|Fu Shiyu]] ([[User talk:Fu Shiyu|talk]]) 00:55, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==高蜜 Gāo Mì 翻译学 女 202120081487==&lt;br /&gt;
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虽系世禄之家，却是书香之族。只可惜这林家支庶不盛，人丁有限，虽有几门，却与如海俱是堂族，没甚亲支嫡派的。今如海年已五十，只有一个三岁之子，又于去岁亡了；&lt;br /&gt;
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==宫博雅 Gōng Bóyǎ 俄语语言文学 女 202120081488==&lt;br /&gt;
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虽有几房姬妾，奈命中无子，亦无可如何之事。只嫡妻贾氏生得一女，乳名黛玉，年方五岁，夫妻爱之如掌上明珠。见他生得聪明俊秀，也欲使他识几个字，不过假充养子，聊解膝下荒凉之叹。&lt;br /&gt;
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==何芩 Hé Qín 翻译学 女 202120081489==&lt;br /&gt;
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且说贾雨村在旅店偶感风寒，愈后又因盘费不继，正欲得一个居停之所，以为息肩之地。偶遇两个旧友，认得新盐政，知他正要请一西席教训女儿，遂将雨村荐进衙门去。&lt;br /&gt;
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==胡舒情 Hú Shūqíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081490==&lt;br /&gt;
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这女学生年纪幼小，身体又弱，功课不限多寡，其馀不过两个伴读丫鬟，故雨村十分省力，正好养病。看看又是一载有馀，不料女学生之母贾氏夫人一病而亡。&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄锦云 Huáng Jǐnyún 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081491==&lt;br /&gt;
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女学生奉侍汤药，守丧尽礼，过于哀痛，素本怯弱，因此旧病复发，有好些时不曾上学。雨村闲居无聊，每当风日晴和，饭后便出来闲步。这一日偶至郊外，意欲赏鉴那村野风光。&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄逸妍 Huáng Yìyán 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081492==&lt;br /&gt;
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信步至一山环水漩、茂林修竹之处，隐隐有座庙宇，门巷倾颓，墙垣剥落。有额题曰“智通寺”，门旁又有一副旧破的对联云：身后有馀忘缩手，眼前无路想回头。&lt;br /&gt;
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==曾俊霖 Zēng Jùnlín 国别 男 202120081493==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村看了，因想道：“这两句文虽甚浅，其意则深。也曾游过些名山大刹，倒不曾见过这话头。其中想必有个翻过筋斗来的，也未可知。&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄柱梁 Huáng Zhùliáng 国别 男 202120081493==&lt;br /&gt;
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何不进去一访？”走入看时，只有一个龙锺老僧在那里煮粥。雨村见了，却不在意。及至问他两句话，那老僧既聋且昏，又齿落舌钝，所答非所问。雨村不耐烦，仍退出来。&lt;br /&gt;
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==金晓童 Jīn Xiǎotóng  202120081494==&lt;br /&gt;
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意欲到那村肆中沽饮三杯，以助野趣，于是移步行来。刚入肆门，只见座上吃酒之客，有一人起身大笑，接了出来，口内说：“奇遇，奇遇！”&lt;br /&gt;
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==邝艳丽 Kuàng Yànl 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081495==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村忙看时，此人是都中古董行中贸易，姓冷号子兴的，旧日在都相识。雨村最赞这冷子兴是个有作为大本领的人，这子兴又借雨村斯文之名，故二人最相投契。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李爱璇 Lǐ Àixuán 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081496==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村忙亦笑问：“老兄何日到此？弟竟不知。今日偶遇，真奇缘也！”子兴道：“去年岁底到家，今因还要入都，从此顺路找个敝友，说一句话。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李瑞洋 Lǐ Ruìyáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081497==&lt;br /&gt;
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承他的情，留我多住两日。我也无甚紧事，且盘桓两日，待月半时也就起身了。今日敝友有事，我因闲走到此，不期这样巧遇。”一面说，一面让雨村同席坐了，另整上酒肴来。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李姗 Lǐ Shān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081498==&lt;br /&gt;
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二人闲谈慢饮，叙些别后之事。雨村因问：“近日都中可有新闻没有？”子兴道：“倒没有什么新闻，倒是老先生的贵同宗家出了一件小小的异事。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Over drinking, they two talked about some plans of the near future after the farewell. Then Yucun asked: Is there anything new in the capital city? Zixing answered，“Nothing new. But in your dignified remote relative's house there is indeed a strange thing.”--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 14:49, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李双 Lǐ Shuāng 翻译学 女 202120081499==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村笑道：“弟族中无人在都，何谈及此？”子兴笑道：“你们同姓，岂非一族？”雨村问：“是谁家？”子兴笑道：“荣国贾府中，可也不玷辱老先生的门楣了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==李文璇 Lǐ Wénxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081500==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村道：“原来是他家。若论起来，寒族人丁却自不少，东汉贾复以来，支派繁盛，各省皆有，谁能逐细考查？若论荣国一支，却是同谱。但他那等荣耀，我们不便去认他，故越发生疏了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Yucun said: &amp;quot;It's his house. If discussed explicitly, the people of Han's family were of great quantity since the Eastern Han Dynasty of Jiafu. Their branches were numerous in each province, who can examine one by one? If only discussed the branch of Rongguo, they were the same. But the Rongguo were glorious, it was inconvenient for us to make a connection with them, so we were getting more and more unfamiliar. --[[User:Li Wenxuan|Li Wenxuan]] ([[User talk:Li Wenxuan|talk]]) 08:22, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李雯 Lǐ Wén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081501==&lt;br /&gt;
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子兴叹道：“老先生休这样说。如今的这荣、宁两府，也都萧索了，不比先时的光景。”雨村道：“当日宁、荣两宅人口也极多，如何便萧索了呢？”子兴道：“正是，说来也话长。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==李新星 Lǐ Xīnxīng 亚非语言文学 女 202120081503==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村道：“去岁我到金陵时，因欲游览六朝遗迹，那日进了石头城，从他宅门前经过：街东是宁国府，街西是荣国府，二宅相连，竟将大半条街占了。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李怡 Lǐ Yí 法语语言文学 女 202120081504==&lt;br /&gt;
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大门外虽冷落无人，隔着围墙一望，里面厅殿楼阁，也还都峥嵘轩峻；就是后边一带花园里，树木山石，也都还有葱蔚洇润之气：那里像个衰败之家？”&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘沛婷 Liú Pèitíng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081505==&lt;br /&gt;
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子兴笑道：“亏你是进士出身，原来不通。古人有言：‘百足之虫，死而不僵。’如今虽说不似先年那样兴盛，较之平常仕宦人家，到底气象不同。&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘胜楠 Liú Shèngnán 翻译学 女 202120081506==&lt;br /&gt;
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如今生齿日繁，事务日盛，主仆上下都是安富尊荣，运筹谋画的竟无一个；那日用排场，又不能将就省俭。如今外面的架子虽没很倒，内囊却也尽上来了。这也是小事。&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘薇 Liú Wēi 国别 女 202120081507==&lt;br /&gt;
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更有一件大事：谁知这样钟鸣鼎食的人家儿，如今养的儿孙，竟一代不如一代了。”雨村听说，也道：“这样诗礼之家，岂有不善教育之理？别门不知，只说这宁、荣两宅，是最教子有方的，何至如此？”&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘晓 Liú Xiǎo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081508==&lt;br /&gt;
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子兴叹道：“正说的是这两门呢！等我告诉你：当日宁国公是一母同胞弟兄两个。宁公居长，生了两个儿子。宁公死后，长子贾代化袭了官，也养了两个儿子：长子贾敷，八九岁上死了；&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘越 Liú Yuè 亚非语言文学 女 202120081509==&lt;br /&gt;
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只剩了一个次子贾敬，袭了官，如今一味好道，只爱烧丹炼汞，别事一概不管。幸而早年留下一个儿子，名唤贾珍，因他父亲一心想作神仙，把官倒让他袭了。&lt;br /&gt;
Only his second son, Jia Jing, succeeded him as the official. Now he devoted himself only to Taoism and alchemy, and did nothing else. Fortunately, in his early years, he had left a son named Jia Zhen, for his father had set his heart on becoming a fairy, so he succeeded to the official.  --[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 07:30, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘运心 Liú Yùnxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081510==&lt;br /&gt;
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他父亲又不肯住在家里，只在都中城外，和那些道士们胡羼。这位珍爷也生了一个儿子，今年才十六岁，名叫贾蓉。如今敬老爷不管事了。&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗安怡 Luó Ānyí 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081511==&lt;br /&gt;
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这珍爷那里干正事，只一味高乐不了，把那宁国府竟翻过来了，也没有敢来管他的人。再说荣府你听，方才所说异事就出在这里。&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗曦 Luó Xī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081512==&lt;br /&gt;
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自荣公死后，长子贾代善袭了官，娶的是金陵世家史侯的小姐为妻。生了两个儿子：长名贾赦，次名贾政。如今代善早已去世，太夫人尚在。&lt;br /&gt;
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==马新 Mǎ Xīn 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081513==&lt;br /&gt;
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长子贾赦袭了官，为人却也中平，也不管理家事。惟有次子贾政，自幼酷喜读书，为人端方正直。祖父锺爱，原要他从科甲出身。&lt;br /&gt;
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The eldest son, Jia She, inherited the official position from his ancestors but  he was not top-notch and did not manage the family affairs as well. Only his second son, Jia Zheng, loved to read since childhood and was a man of upright. His grandfather (Jia Yuan) like him the most and originally planed to let him take the imperial examination before becoming an official.--[[User:Ma Xin|Ma Xin]] ([[User talk:Ma Xin|talk]]) 08:02, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Their elder son Jia She inherited the official title; he was moderate and often remained neutral, and did not manage the family affairs. Only the younger son, Jia Zheng, was fond of studying as a child and was a man of upright so that he was his grandfather’s (Jia Yuan) favorite, and he hoped to make a career for himself through the imperial examinations. --[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 09:05, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛雅文 Máo Yǎwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081514==&lt;br /&gt;
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不料代善临终遗本一上，皇上怜念先臣，即叫长子袭了官；又问还有几个儿子，立刻引见，又将这政老爷赐了个额外主事职衔，叫他入部习学，如今现已升了员外郎。&lt;br /&gt;
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Unexpectedly, when Jia Daishan died, he left a valedictory memorial, and the Emperor, out of memory and regard for his former minister, not only conferred the official title on his elder son but also asked what other sons there were and ordered them to be introduced to the palace immediately. The Emperor also bestowed the rank of Assistant Secretary on Jia Zheng, and as an additional favor gave him instructions to familiarize himself with affairs in one of the ministries. He has now risen to the rank of Under-Secretary. --[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 08:40, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛优 Máo Yōu 俄语语言文学 女 202120081515==&lt;br /&gt;
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这政老爷的夫人王氏，头胎生的公子名叫贾珠，十四岁进学，后来娶了妻，生了子，不到二十岁，一病就死了。第二胎生了一位小姐，生在大年初一，就奇了。&lt;br /&gt;
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Mrs. Wang --- the wife of Lord Zheng. Their first child was a son named Jia Zhu, who entered school at the age of fourteen, then married and gave birth to a son, who died of an illness before the age of twenty. The second child was a young girl, born on the first day of the year. It was very surprising.--[[User:Mao You|Mao You]] ([[User talk:Mao You|talk]]) 08:45, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==牟一心 Móu Yīxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081516==&lt;br /&gt;
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不想隔了十几年，又生了一位公子，说来更奇：一落胞胎，嘴里便衔下一块五彩晶莹的玉来，还有许多字迹。你道是新闻不是？”&lt;br /&gt;
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==彭瑞雪 Péng Ruìxuě 法语语言文学 女 202120081517==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村笑道：“果然奇异。只怕这人的来历不小。”子兴冷笑道：“万人都这样说，因而他祖母爱如珍宝。那年周岁时，政老爷试他将来的志向，便将世上所有的东西摆了无数叫他抓。&lt;br /&gt;
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==秦建安 Qín Jiànān 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081518==&lt;br /&gt;
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谁知他一概不取，伸手只把些脂粉钗环抓来玩弄。那政老爷便不喜欢，说将来不过酒色之徒，因此不甚爱惜。独那太君还是命根子一般。说&lt;br /&gt;
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==邱婷婷 Qiū Tíngtíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081519==&lt;br /&gt;
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来又奇：如今长了十来岁，虽然淘气异常，但聪明乖觉，百个不及他一个。说起孩子话来也奇，他说：‘女儿是水做的骨肉，男子是泥做的骨肉。我见了女儿便清爽，见了男子便觉浊臭逼人。’&lt;br /&gt;
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==饶金盈 Ráo Jīnyíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081520==&lt;br /&gt;
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你道好笑不好笑？将来色鬼无疑了。”雨村罕然厉色道：“非也。可惜你们不知道这人的来历，大约政老前辈也错以淫魔色鬼看待了。&lt;br /&gt;
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“Have you realized the facetiosity of it? He or she will be beyond all doubt a lecher.” Yucun said with stern countenance: “ it is absolutely not the truth. It is a pity that you are insensible of the background of this person and the senior Zheng may also mistakenly regarded him or her as a lewd demon”.--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 00:59, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==石丽青 Shí Lìqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081521==&lt;br /&gt;
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若非多读书识事，加以致知格物之功、悟道参玄之力者，不能知也。”子兴见他说得这样重大，忙请教其故。雨村道：“天地生人，除大仁大恶，馀者皆无大异。&lt;br /&gt;
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If someone was not well-read, knowledge-inquiring and truth-enlightening, he or she would be ignorant of it. Zixing believed that Yucun took it so seriously that he was bursting with impatience to make clear the reasons within it. Yucun asserted: “the universe gives birth to mankind that boasts no differences except the benevolent and the evil.--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 00:36, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==孙雅诗 Sūn Yǎshī 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081522==&lt;br /&gt;
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若大仁者则应运而生，大恶者则应劫而生；运生世治，劫生世危。尧、舜、禹、汤、文、武、周、召、孔、孟、董、韩、周、程、朱、张，皆应运而生者；&lt;br /&gt;
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==王李菲 Wáng Lǐfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081523==&lt;br /&gt;
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蚩尤、共工、桀、纣、始皇、王莽、曹操、桓温、安禄山、秦桧等，皆应劫而生者。大仁者修治天下，大恶者扰乱天下。清明灵秀，天地之正气，仁者之所秉也；残忍乖僻，天地之邪气，恶者之所秉也。&lt;br /&gt;
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==王逸凡 Wáng Yìfán 亚非语言文学 女 202120081524==&lt;br /&gt;
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今当祚永运隆之日，太平无为之世，清明灵秀之气所秉者，上自朝廷，下至草野，比比皆是。所馀之秀气漫无所归，遂为甘露，为和风，洽然溉及四海。&lt;br /&gt;
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In this day of eternal prosperity and peace and inaction, there are many people from the imperial court to the grasses who have been blessed with a clear, bright and spiritual spirit. The remainder of the spirit has no place to return to, so it has become a sweet dew and a harmonious breeze, which has irrigated the four seas.--[[User:Wang Yifan21|Wang Yifan21]] ([[User talk:Wang Yifan21|talk]]) 13:40, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王镇隆 Wáng Zhènlóng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 男 202120081525==&lt;br /&gt;
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彼残忍乖邪之气，不能荡溢于光天化日之下，遂凝结充塞于深沟大壑之中。偶因风荡，或被云摧，略有摇动感发之意，一丝半缕误而逸出者，值灵秀之气适过，正不容邪，邪复妒正，两不相下；&lt;br /&gt;
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==卫怡雯 Wèi Yíwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081526==&lt;br /&gt;
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如风水雷电地中既遇，既不能消，又不能让，必致搏击掀发。既然发泄，那邪气亦必赋之于人。假使或男或女偶秉此气而生者，上则不能为仁人为君子，下亦不能为大凶大恶。&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏楚璇 Wèi Chǔxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081527==&lt;br /&gt;
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置之千万人之中，其聪俊灵秀之气，则在千万人之上；其乖僻邪谬不近人情之态，又在千万人之下。若生于公侯富贵之家，则为情痴情种；若生于诗书清贫之族，则为逸士高人；纵然生于薄祚寒门，甚至为奇优，为名娼，亦断不至为走卒健仆，甘遭庸夫驱制。&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏兆妍 Wèi Zhàoyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081528==&lt;br /&gt;
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如前之许由、陶潜、阮籍、嵇康、刘伶、王谢二族、顾虎头、陈后主、唐明皇、宋徽宗、刘庭芝、温飞卿、米南宫、石曼卿、柳耆卿、秦少游，近日倪云林、唐伯虎、祝枝山，再如李龟年、黄幡绰、敬新磨、卓文君、红拂、薛涛、崔莺、朝云之流：此皆易地则同之人也。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴婧悦 Wú Jìngyuè 俄语语言文学 女 202120081529==&lt;br /&gt;
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子兴道：“依你说，成则公侯败则贼了？”雨村道：“正是这意。你还不知，我自革职以来，这两年遍游各省，也曾遇见两个异样孩子，所以方才你一说这宝玉，我就猜着了八九也是这一派人物。&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴映红 Wú Yìnghóng 日语语言文学 女 202120081530==&lt;br /&gt;
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不用远说，只这金陵城内钦差金陵省体仁院总裁甄家，你可知道？”子兴道：“谁人不知，这甄府就是贾府老亲，他们两家来往极亲热的。就是我也和他家往来非止一日了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村笑道：“去岁我在金陵，也曾有人荐我到甄府处馆。我进去看其光景，谁知他家那等荣贵，却是个富而好礼之家，倒是个难得之馆。但是这个学生虽是启蒙，却比一个举业的还劳神。&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532==&lt;br /&gt;
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说起来更可笑，他说：‘必得两个女儿陪着我读书，我方能认得字，心上也明白；不然，我心里自己糊涂。’又常对着跟他的小厮们说：‘这“女儿”两个字极尊贵极清净的，比那瑞兽珍禽、奇花异草更觉稀罕尊贵呢。&lt;br /&gt;
Even it is more ridiculous when he said: &amp;quot;I must have two daughters to accompany me to study, so that I can recognize words and understand them in my heart; Otherwise, I will be confused. &amp;quot; He often said to his pageboys: &amp;quot;the word&amp;quot; daughter &amp;quot;is very noble and pure, which is more rare and noble than the auspicious animals, rare birds and exotic flowers and plants.&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢庆琳 Xiè Qìnglín 俄语语言文学 女 202120081533==&lt;br /&gt;
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你们这种浊口臭舌，万万不可唐突了这两个字，要紧，要紧！但凡要说的时节，必用净水香茶漱了口方可；设若失错，便要凿牙穿眼的。’其暴虐顽劣，种种异常。&lt;br /&gt;
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==熊敏 Xióng Mǐn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081534==&lt;br /&gt;
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只放了学进去，见了那些女儿们，其温厚和平，聪敏文雅，竟变了一个样子。因此，他令尊也曾下死笞楚过几次，竟不能改。每打的吃疼不过时，他便姐姐妹妹的乱叫起来。&lt;br /&gt;
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==徐敏赟 Xú Mǐnyūn 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 男 202120081535==&lt;br /&gt;
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后来听得里面女儿们拿他取笑：‘因何打急了，只管叫姐妹作什么？莫不叫姐妹们去讨情讨饶？你岂不愧些？’他回答的最妙，他说：‘急痛之时，只叫姐姐妹妹字样，或可解疼，也未可知，因叫了一声，果觉疼得好些。&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜静 Yán Jìng 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 女 202120081536==&lt;br /&gt;
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遂得了秘法，每疼痛之极，便连叫姐妹起来了。’你说可笑不可笑？为他祖母溺爱不明，每因孙辱师责子，我所以辞了馆出来的。这等子弟，必不能守祖、父基业，从师友规劝的。只可惜他家几个好姊妹都是少有的。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜莉莉 Yán Lìlì 国别 女 202120081537==&lt;br /&gt;
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子兴道：“便是贾府中现在三个也不错。政老爷的长女名元春，因贤孝才德，选入宫作女史去了。二小姐乃是赦老爷姨娘所出，名迎春；三小姐政老爷庶出，名探春；四小姐乃宁府珍爷的胞妹，名惜春：&lt;br /&gt;
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Zi Xing said, &amp;quot;The three girls in Jia's mansion are not bad either. Jia Zheng's eldest daughter was named Yuanchun. Because of her virtue and filial piety, she was chosen to be a female historian in the court. The second lady was born to Jia He'concubine, her name was Yingchun; The third lady was born to Jia Zheng's concubine and was named Tanchun. The fourth lady is the sister of Jia Zhen in Ning' mansion, named Xichun:&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜子涵 Yán Zǐhán 国别 女 202120081538==&lt;br /&gt;
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因史老夫人极爱孙女，都跟在祖母这边，一处读书，听得个个不错。”雨村道：“更妙在甄家风俗：女儿之名，亦皆从男子之名；不似别人家里，另外用这些‘春’、‘红’、‘香’、‘玉’等艳字。&lt;br /&gt;
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==阳佳颖 Yáng Jiāyǐng 国别 女 202120081540==&lt;br /&gt;
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何得贾府亦落此俗套？”子兴道：“不然。只因现今大小姐是正月初一所生，故名元春，馀者都从了‘春’字；上一排的却也是从弟兄而来的。现有对证：目今你贵东家林公的夫人，即荣府中赦、政二公的胞妹，在家时名字唤贾敏。&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨爱江 Yáng Àijiāng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081541==&lt;br /&gt;
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不信时你回去细访可知。”雨村拍手笑道：“是极。我这女学生名叫黛玉，他读书凡‘敏’字，他皆念作‘密’字；写字遇着‘敏’字，亦减一二笔。我心中每每疑惑，今听你说，是为此无疑矣。&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨堃 Yáng Kūn 法语语言文学 女 202120081542==&lt;br /&gt;
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怪道我这女学生言语举止另是一样，不与凡女子相同，度其母不凡，故生此女。今知为荣府之外孙，又不足罕矣。可惜上月其母竟亡故了。”子兴叹道：“老姊妹三个，这是极小的，又没了；&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨柳青 Yáng Liǔqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081543==&lt;br /&gt;
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长一辈的姊妹，一个也没了。只看这小一辈的将来的东床何如呢。”雨村道：“正是。方才说政公已有一个衔玉之子，又有长子所遗弱孙，这赦老竟无一个不成？”&lt;br /&gt;
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==叶维杰 Yè Wéijié 国别 男 202120081544==&lt;br /&gt;
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子兴道：“政公既有玉儿之后，其妾又生了一个，倒不知其好歹。只眼前现有二子一孙，却不知将来何如。若问那赦老爷，也有一子，名叫贾琏，今已二十多岁了，亲上做亲，娶的是政老爷夫人王氏内侄女，今已娶了四五年。&lt;br /&gt;
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==易扬帆 Yì Yángfān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081545==&lt;br /&gt;
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这位琏爷身上现捐了个同知，也是不喜正务的；于世路上好机变，言谈去得，所以目今只在乃叔政老爷家住，帮着料理家务。谁知自娶了这位奶奶之后，倒上下无人不称颂他的夫人，琏爷倒退了一舍之地：模样又极标致，言谈又爽利，心机又极深细，竟是个男人万不及一的。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷慧珍 Yīn Huìzhēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081546==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村听了，笑道：“可知我言不谬了。你我方才所说的这几个人，只怕都是那正邪两赋而来一路之人，未可知也。”子兴道：“正也罢，邪也罢，只顾算别人家的账，你也吃杯酒才好。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷美达 Yīn Měidá 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081547==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村道：“只顾说话，就多吃了几杯。”子兴笑道：“说着别人家的闲话，正好下酒，即多吃几杯何妨？”雨村向窗外看道：“天也晚了，仔细关了城，我们慢慢进城再谈，未为不可。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==尹媛 Yǐn Yuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081548==&lt;br /&gt;
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于是二人起身，算还酒钱。方欲走时，忽听得后面有人叫道：“雨村兄恭喜了！特来报个喜信的。”雨村忙回头看时……要知是谁，且听下回分解。&lt;br /&gt;
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==詹若萱 Zhān Ruòxuān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081549==&lt;br /&gt;
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外班──清代会试考取进士后，留在朝中任官者称“京官”，分发外地任地方官者称“外班”。因新官分发到地方后要候补，按班次任官，故称“外班”。​同寅皆侧目而视──同寅：即同僚。&lt;br /&gt;
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==张秋怡 Zhāng Qiūyí 亚非语言文学 女 202120081550==&lt;br /&gt;
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典出《尚书·虞书·皋陶谟》：“百僚师师，百工惟时……同寅协恭，和衷哉。”寅时是朝臣上朝之时，故称。 侧目而视：斜着眼看。语出《战国策·秦策一》：“(苏秦)将说楚王，路过洛阳。&lt;br /&gt;
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==张扬 Zhāng Yáng 国别 男 202120081551==&lt;br /&gt;
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父母闻之，清宫除道，张乐设饮，郊迎三十里；妻侧目而视，倾耳而听；嫂蛇行匍伏，四拜自跪而谢。”原表示敬畏。引申以表示愤怒或不齿。​&lt;br /&gt;
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==张怡然 Zhāng Yírán 俄语语言文学 女 202120081552==&lt;br /&gt;
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维扬──扬州(在今江苏省)的别称。大禹所划分的“九州”之一。典出《尚书·夏书·禹贡》：“淮海惟扬州。”“惟”通“维”。&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟义菲 Zhōng Yìfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081553==&lt;br /&gt;
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后人从“惟扬州”截取“惟扬”，又以“维”代“惟”，遂成“维扬”。如北朝周·庾信《哀江南赋》：“淮海维扬，三千馀里。”​探花──科举考试中殿试(最高一级考试)一甲第三名(第一名为状元，第二名为榜眼)。&lt;br /&gt;
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Later generations intercepted &amp;quot;Weiyang&amp;quot; from &amp;quot;weiyangzhou&amp;quot; and replaced &amp;quot;Weiyang&amp;quot; with &amp;quot;Wei&amp;quot;, so it became &amp;quot;Weiyang&amp;quot;. For example, Yuxin's Fu on mourning the south of the Yangtze River in the Northern Dynasty said, &amp;quot;the Huaihai sea is vast, more than 3000 miles.&amp;quot; Tanhua—the third place in the first grade of the palace examination (the highest level examination) (the first place is called Zhuangyuan and the second place is called Bangyan）--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 09:04, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟雨露 Zhōng Yǔlù 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081554==&lt;br /&gt;
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本于唐代的“探花使”，亦称“探花郎”。唐·李淖《秦中岁时记》：“进士杏园初宴，谓之探花宴。差少俊二人为探花使，遍游名园，若它人先折花，二使皆被罚。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==周玖 Zhōu Jiǔ 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081555==&lt;br /&gt;
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又宋·魏泰《东轩笔录》卷六：“进士及第后，例期集一月……又选最年少者二人为探花使，赋诗，世谓之探花郎。”​&lt;br /&gt;
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==周俊辉 Zhōu Jùnhuī 法语语言文学 女 202120081556==&lt;br /&gt;
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兰台寺大夫──指专管弹劾的御史。兰台是汉朝宫内藏书之所，由御史大夫主管，故后世将御史台别称“兰台”，将御史府别称“兰台寺”，将御史别称“兰台寺大夫”。​&lt;br /&gt;
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==周巧 Zhōu Qiǎo 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081557==&lt;br /&gt;
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列侯──古代爵名。在秦称“彻侯”，为二十四级爵位中的最高一级。至汉代为避汉武帝刘彻之讳，改为“通侯”。“通”与“彻”同义，是改名不改义。“通侯”之意是表示受爵者功勋通于王室。&lt;br /&gt;
Marquis - Ancient Baron name. In Qin Dynasty, it was called &amp;quot;chehou&amp;quot;, which was the highest among twenty-four levels. In the Han Dynasty, in order to avoid the taboo of Liu Che, Emperor of the Han Dynasty, it was changed to &amp;quot;tonghou&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;Tong&amp;quot; is synonymous with &amp;quot;Che&amp;quot; in Chinese, in this way changing the name without changing the meaning. &amp;quot;Tong Hou&amp;quot; means that the recipient has done meritorious services to the royal family.--[[User:Zhou Qiao1|Zhou Qiao1]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qiao1|talk]]) 09:17, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周清 Zhōu Qīng 法语语言文学 女 202120081558==&lt;br /&gt;
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后又改为“列侯”，表示序列之意。见《汉书·高帝纪下》颜师古注。清代并无此爵，只是借指侯爵。清代爵位分公、侯、伯、子、男，侯爵为第二等。&lt;br /&gt;
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==周小雪 Zhōu Xiǎoxuě 日语语言文学 女 202120081559==&lt;br /&gt;
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膝下荒凉──意谓子女稀少，尤无儿子。 膝下：这里指子女。因幼儿多倚偎于父母膝旁，故称。《孝经·圣治》：“故亲生之膝下，以养父母日严。”唐玄宗注：“亲犹爱也，膝下谓孩童之时也。” &lt;br /&gt;
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==朱素珍 Zhū Sùzhēn 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081561==&lt;br /&gt;
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荒凉：形容因子女稀少而家庭显得清冷凄凉。西席──古人座次以右(西)为尊，故右席为宾客和塾师之位，坐西面东，故称幕宾和塾师为“西席”或“西宾”。&lt;br /&gt;
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==邹岳丽 Zōu Yuèlí 日语语言文学 女 202120081562==&lt;br /&gt;
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清·梁章钜《称谓录》卷八：“汉明帝尊桓荣以师礼，上幸太常府，令荣坐东面(坐西面东)，设几。故师曰西席。”这里指家庭教师。“身后”一联──身后有馀：是说馀年还很长(“身后”不可解作死后)。&lt;br /&gt;
Liang Zhangju, Qing Dynasty, wrote in Volume VIII of 《Appellation records》: &amp;quot;Emperor  Mingdi After respected Huan Rong and treated him with teacher courtesy. He once visited Taichang mansion in person, asked Huan Rong to sit in the East, set a table and a walking stick。Therefore, master said it was a seat in the West.&amp;quot; Here refers to a tutor.A couplet of &amp;quot;behind you&amp;quot; - there is surplus behind you: it means that the remaining years are still very long (&amp;quot;behind you&amp;quot; cannot be interpreted as after death).--[[User:Zou Yueli|Zou Yueli]] ([[User talk:Zou Yueli|talk]]) 14:23, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Nadia 202011080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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忘缩手：是说不肯收手，还要争名夺利。 &lt;br /&gt;
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==Mahzad Heydarian 玛莎 202021080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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无路：走投无路。此联是说世人大多只顾眼前，不顾将来，等到走投无路，后悔无及。​&lt;br /&gt;
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==Mariam toure 2020GBJ002301==&lt;br /&gt;
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刹──梵语音译省称，意译为佛塔的柱形尖顶，故又称“佛柱”。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Rouabah Soumaya 202121080001==&lt;br /&gt;
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引申为佛寺。贾复──东汉南阳冠军(今河南邓州市西北)人，累官至左将军，并封胶东侯。&lt;br /&gt;
Extended to Buddhist temple. Jia Fu——A native of Nanyang Champion of the Eastern Han Dynasty (now northwest of Dengzhou City, Henan Province), he was tired from general to the left and sealed Donghou in Jiao.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Numan 202121080002==&lt;br /&gt;
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《后汉书》有传。姓贾的成千上万，贾雨村却只拉千年前的贾复为一家，足见其拉大旗作虎皮之势利小人肺肝。​&lt;br /&gt;
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==Atta Ur Rahman 202121080003==&lt;br /&gt;
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百足之虫，死而不僵——典出三国魏·曹冏《六代论》：&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Saqib Mehran 202121080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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“故语曰：‘百足之虫，死而不僵。’扶之者众也。”&lt;br /&gt;
The old saying goes:'Hundred-legged worms die but are not stiff.' There are many who support them.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:Example.jpg]]==Zohaib Chand 202121080005==&lt;br /&gt;
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比喻世家大族虽然衰败，因家底雄厚，依傍众多，表面上仍能维持繁荣景象。&lt;br /&gt;
It is a metaphor that despite the decline of the aristocratic family, because of the strong family background and numerous support, it can still maintain its prosperity on the surface.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Jawad Ahmad 202121080006==&lt;br /&gt;
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百足：虫名，即马陆。长约一寸，躯干由多节构成，每节有足一对或二对，切断后仍能蠕动。&lt;br /&gt;
English: Centipede, Insect name, arthropods. Length, around an inch, Body is composed of multiple sections, each section has one or two pairs of feet, after cutting still can squirm.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Nizam Uddin 202121080007==&lt;br /&gt;
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僵：倒下。​安富尊荣──语出《孟子·尽心上》：&lt;br /&gt;
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==Öncü 202121080008==&lt;br /&gt;
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“君子居是国也，其君用之，则安富尊荣。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==Akira Jantarat 202121080009==&lt;br /&gt;
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原意是君子因辅佐国君功勋卓著而享受荣华富贵。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Benjamin Wellsand 202111080118==&lt;br /&gt;
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这里反用其意，意谓不劳而获，安享荣华富贵。​&lt;br /&gt;
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==Asep Budiman 202111080020==&lt;br /&gt;
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钟鸣鼎食——语出唐·王勃《滕王阁序》：“闾阎扑地，钟鸣鼎食之家。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==Ei Mon Kyaw 202111080021==&lt;br /&gt;
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古代贵族鸣钟列鼎而食。这里借以形容富贵豪华。&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211201_homework&amp;diff=129024</id>
		<title>20211201 homework</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211201_homework&amp;diff=129024"/>
		<updated>2021-12-05T00:57:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531 */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;Quicklinks: [[Introduction_to_Translation_Studies_2021|Back to course homepage]] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal#Frequently_asked_questions_FAQ FAQ]  [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal Manual] [[20210926_homework|Back to all homework webpages overview]] [[20220112_final_exam|final exam page]]&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈静 Chén Jìng 国别 女 202020080595==&lt;br /&gt;
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因本书即记述女娲炼石补天所剩的那块“顽石”幻化为贾宝玉在人间经历的故事，故称。饫(yù玉)甘餍(yàn厌)肥──意谓饱食美味佳肴。饫、餍：均为饱食之意。&lt;br /&gt;
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==蔡珠凤 Cài Zhūfèng 日语语言文学 女 202120081477==&lt;br /&gt;
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甘、肥：均指精美食品。蓬牖(yǒu友)茅椽(chuán船)──即茅草房屋。形容住屋简陋，生活清贫。&lt;br /&gt;
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Sweet and fat: both refer to exquisite food.  Canopies and rafters-- thatched house. It describes poor housing and hard life.&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 14:44, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Sweet and fat both refer to exquisite food. Canopies and rafters-- that is, thatched house, which describes poor housing and hard life.--[[User:Chen Huini|Chen Huini]] ([[User talk:Chen Huini|talk]]) 12:01, 30 November 2021 (UTC)Chen Huini&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈惠妮 Chén Huìnī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081479==&lt;br /&gt;
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蓬、茅：都是野草。 牖：窗户。椽：纵向固定于檩条之上以支撑屋顶的木杠。绳床瓦灶──形容用具简陋，生活清贫。&lt;br /&gt;
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The tached cottage are weeds. You refers to windows. Rafters are wooden bars fixed longitudinally over purlins to support the roof. Rope bed tile stove ── describes simple appliance and poor life.--[[User:Chen Huini|Chen Huini]] ([[User talk:Chen Huini|talk]]) 12:10, 30 November 2021 (UTC)Chen Huini&lt;br /&gt;
Thetached cottage are weeds. You refer to windows. Rafters are wooden bars fixed longitudinally over purlins to support the roof. Rope bed tile stove ── describes simple appliance and poor life.&lt;br /&gt;
wooden bar that is fixed on the purlin to support the roof. Rope bed tile stove--Describes simple appliances. --[[User:Mahzad Heydarian|Mahzad Heydarian]] ([[User talk:Mahzad Heydarian|talk]]) 01:07, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;Peng&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Mao&amp;quot; are all weeds. &amp;quot;You&amp;quot; refers to windows. &amp;quot;Yuan&amp;quot; are wooden bars fixed longitudinally over purlins to support the roof. Rope bed tile stove are used to describe simple appliance and poor life.--[[User:Chen Xiangqiong|Chen Xiangqiong]] ([[User talk:Chen Xiangqiong|talk]]) 09:02, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈湘琼 Chén Xiāngqióng 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081480==&lt;br /&gt;
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绳床：是一种用绳子将木板穿连而成并可折叠的简单坐具，故又称“交床”、“交椅”。以其学自胡人(古代中原人对北方游牧民族的称谓)，故亦称“胡床”。这里只是形容床铺简陋，并非实指绳床。&lt;br /&gt;
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Rope bed is a kind of collapsible sitting equipment being simply  made of rope and wood. It was also called “connection bed” or “connection chair” because people  used to connect rope and planks to make it. Besides，that kind of way was learned from Hu （nomadic people lived in northern ancient China） ，so it was called“Hu bed” too. In this place，“Hu ded” is only an adjective to describe the shabby bed rather than a real bed.--[[User:Chen Xiangqiong|Chen Xiangqiong]] ([[User talk:Chen Xiangqiong|talk]]) 06:26, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Rope bed: It is a kind of simple sitting apparatus that can be folded by stringing the wooden boards together, so it is also called &amp;quot;cross bed&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;cross chair&amp;quot;. Learned from the Hu (ancient Chinese people to the northern nomads), it is also known as &amp;quot;Hu bed&amp;quot;. Here is only to describe the bed is simple, not the actual rope bed.--[[User:Chen Xinyi|Chen Xinyi]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi|talk]]) 07:08, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈心怡 Chén Xīnyí 翻译学 女 202120081481==&lt;br /&gt;
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瓦灶：烧饭用的粗陶器和土灶台。女娲(wā蛙)氏炼石补天——上古神话传说，事见《列子·汤问》、《淮南子·览冥训》、《太平御览·卷七八·女娲氏》，略谓：相传女娲是伏羲之妹，兄妹结为夫妻，产生人类；&lt;br /&gt;
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Tile stove: a rough pottery and earthen stove used for burning rice. Nuwa legend’s refining stone to mend the sky - an ancient myth and legend, see ''Lie Zi - Tang Wen'', ''Huai Nan Zi - Lan Ming Xun'', ''Taiping Yu Lan - Volume 78 - Nuwa legend’s'', it is said that Nuwa was the younger sister of Fuxi, and the brother and sister became a couple to produce human beings.--[[User:Chen Xinyi|Chen Xinyi]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi|talk]]) 07:03, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
Tile stove: a rough pottery and earthen stove used for cooking rice. Nuwa refining stone to mend the sky - an ancient myth and legend, presents in  ''Lie Zi - Tang Wen'', ''Huai Nan Zi - Lan Ming Xun'', ''Taiping Yu Lan - Volume 78 - Nuwa''. Itis said that Nuwa was the younger sister of Fuxi, and they became a couple to produce human beings.--[[User:Cheng Yang|Cheng Yang]] ([[User talk:Cheng Yang|talk]]) 10:02, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==程杨 Chéng Yáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081482==&lt;br /&gt;
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女娲又以黄土造人，使人类大量增加。不料天崩地裂，大火熊熊，洪水泛滥，野兽横行，生民面临灭顶之灾。于是女娲挺身而出，炼五色石以补苍天，折四条鳌足以为天柱，才避免了这场浩劫。&lt;br /&gt;
Nuwa also made human beings out of loess, which greatly increased the number of human beings. Unexpectedly, the sky collapsed, the fire raging, the flood, wild animals rampant, the living people faced extinction. So Nuwa came forward and refined the five-color stone to mend the sky, and folded the four feet of a huge legendary turtle to be the pillar of heaven, and finally avoided the catastrophe.--[[User:Cheng Yang|Cheng Yang]] ([[User talk:Cheng Yang|talk]]) 10:07, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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In addition, Nuwa made human beings out of loess, which greatly increased the population of human beings. Unexpectedly, the sky collapsing, the fire raging, the flood and wild animals rampant, people were faced with extinction. So Nuwa came forward, refined the five-color stone to mend the sky, folded the four feet of a huge legendary turtle to be the pillar of heaven and finally avoided the catastrophe. --[[User:Ding Xuan|Ding Xuan]] ([[User talk:Ding Xuan|talk]]) 07:28, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==丁旋 Dīng Xuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081483==&lt;br /&gt;
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大荒山──或本《山海经·大荒西经》：“大荒之中，有山名曰大荒之山，日月所出入……是谓大荒之野。”无稽崖──曹雪芹杜撰的地名。“大荒山无稽崖”寓荒诞无稽之谈。&lt;br /&gt;
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The Barren Mountain or ''The Classic of Mountains and Seas•Wild West Classic'', “In the wildness, there is a mountain named The Barren Mountain and a place called the Barren Wilderness where sun and moon rise and set.” The Ridiculous Cliff— a place name fabricated by Cao Xueqin. “The Barren Mountain and Ridiculous Cliff” means an absurd and fantastic talk.--[[User:Ding Xuan|Ding Xuan]] ([[User talk:Ding Xuan|talk]]) 07:42, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Da Huang Mount or ''The Classic of Mountains and Rivers•Da Huang Xi Jing'', “In the wildness, there is a mountain named Da Huang Mount and a place called Da Huang Field where sun and moon rise and set.” Wu Ji Cliff— a place name fabricated by Cao Xueqin. &amp;quot;Da Huang Mount and Wu Ji Cliff” means an absurd and fantastic talk.--[[User:Du Lina|Du Lina]] ([[User talk:Du Lina|talk]]) 04:12, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杜莉娜 Dù Lìnuó 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081484==&lt;br /&gt;
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青埂峰──曹雪芹杜撰的地名。其谐音为“情根”，寓贾宝玉的多情源于此。诗礼簪缨之族──意谓书香门第和官宦人家。&lt;br /&gt;
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Qing Geng Mount--a made-up place name by Cao Xueqin. Homonym for&amp;quot;love root&amp;quot; in Chinese, implying the root of Precious Jade Merchant's love. The family of &amp;quot;shi li zan ying&amp;quot;(shi,&amp;quot;诗&amp;quot;, The Book of Songs; li,&amp;quot;礼&amp;quot;，The Book of Rites；zan,簪，stick in the hair of a civil official;ying,“缨”,tassels of helmet of a military offer) connotes a scholarly and elite family.--[[User:Du Lina|Du Lina]] ([[User talk:Du Lina|talk]]) 04:00, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Green Ridge Peak -- a place name invented by Cao Xueqin. Homonym for &amp;quot;love root&amp;quot; in Chinese, implying the root of Precious Jade Merchant's love. The family of &amp;quot;shi li zan ying&amp;quot; (shi &amp;quot;诗&amp;quot;, The Book of Songs; li &amp;quot;礼&amp;quot;，The Book of Rites；zan 簪，stick in the hair of a civil official; ying “缨”,tassels of helmet of a military offer) connotates a scholarly and elite family. --[[User:Root|Root]] ([[User talk:Root|talk]]) 12:23, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Qing Geng Mount--a made-up place named by Cao Xueqin. Homonym for&amp;quot;love root&amp;quot; in Chinese, implying the root of Precious Jade Merchant's love. The family of &amp;quot;shi li zan ying&amp;quot;(shi,&amp;quot;诗&amp;quot;, The Book of Songs; li,&amp;quot;礼&amp;quot;，The Book of Rites；zan,簪，stick in the hair of a civil official;ying,“缨”,tassels of helmet of a military offer) connotes a scholarly and elite family.--[[User:Fu Hongyan|Fu Hongyan]] ([[User talk:Fu Hongyan|talk]]) 13:01, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Green Ridge Peak -- a place name invented by Cao Xueqin. Homonym for &amp;quot;love root&amp;quot; in Chinese, implying the root of Precious Jade Merchant's love. The family of &amp;quot;shi li zan ying&amp;quot; (shi &amp;quot;诗&amp;quot;, The Book of Songs; li &amp;quot;礼&amp;quot;，The Book of Rites；zan 簪，stick in the hair of a civil official; ying “缨”,tassels of helmet of a military offer) connotates a scholarly and elite family. --[[User:Fu Hongyan|Fu Hongyan]] ([[User talk:Fu Hongyan|talk]]) 13:01, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==付红岩 Fù Hóngyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081485==&lt;br /&gt;
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诗礼：读诗书，讲礼义。簪缨：古代显贵的冠饰，代指官宦。簪：是一种条状饰物，用以固定头发或连接冠与发髻，兼有装饰作用。&lt;br /&gt;
Poetry and Ritual: reading poetry and practicing etiquette. Hairpin：crowns of ancient nobility. Hairpin: striped ornament, used for securing hair or linking crown with hair as well as ornament.--[[User:Fu Hongyan|Fu Hongyan]] ([[User talk:Fu Hongyan|talk]]) 12:51, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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“诗礼” Poetry and Ritual: reading poetry and practicing etiquette. “簪缨” Hairpin：crowns of ancient nobility, denoting government officials. “簪” Hairpin: striped ornament, used for securing hair or linking crown with hair as well as ornament.--[[User:Fu Shiyu|Fu Shiyu]] ([[User talk:Fu Shiyu|talk]]) 12:04, 2 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==付诗雨 Fù Shīyǔ 日语语言文学 女 202120081486==&lt;br /&gt;
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缨：帽带。花柳繁华地──意谓繁华游乐之地。花柳：游乐之地。&lt;br /&gt;
“缨”(Ying): bat ribbon. “花柳繁华地”(Hua liu fan hua di)——refers to the bustling amusement sections . “花柳”(Hua liu): amusement sections. --[[User:Fu Shiyu|Fu Shiyu]] ([[User talk:Fu Shiyu|talk]]) 09:22, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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“缨”(Ying): bat ribbon. “花柳繁华地”(Hua liu fan hua di)——refers to a scenic place where flowers and willows flourish . “花柳”(Hua liu): flowers and willows.--[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 00:53, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==高蜜 Gāo Mì 翻译学 女 202120081487==&lt;br /&gt;
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温柔富贵乡──典出汉·伶玄《赵飞燕外传》：“(皇)后德(樊)嬺计，是夜进合德。帝(汉成帝)大悦，以辅属体，无所不靡，谓为温柔乡。谓曰：‘吾老是乡矣，不能效武皇帝求白云乡也。’”(合德：赵飞燕之妹。)形容美女成群而又荣华富贵的环境。&lt;br /&gt;
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“Wenroufuguixiang”, a prosperous place teeming with beauties —— an allusion from ''The Private Life of Lady Swallow'' by Ling Xuan in Han dynasty, quote: “Empress Fanni came up with a plan and sent her sister Hede to the emperor that night. Emperor Hancheng was extremely pleased that he indulged in stroking all over Hede’s body and referred to it as “Wenrouxaing”, a place of tenderness. Emperor Hancheng further added, “As I can’t follow Emperor Wudi’s way of seeking for the Baiyun village where immortals reside, I might as well spend the rest of my life with Hede nearby.” (Hede, the sister of Zhao feiyan)”.--[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 00:56, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==宫博雅 Gōng Bóyǎ 俄语语言文学 女 202120081488==&lt;br /&gt;
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贾宝玉生长的贾府正是这样的环境。几世几劫——佛教用语。形容年代久远。 世：佛家将过去、现在、未来均称为“世”，故“几世”表示很长的时间。&lt;br /&gt;
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==何芩 Hé Qín 翻译学 女 202120081489==&lt;br /&gt;
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劫：佛家认为世界是一个不断毁灭与更生的过程，这样一个周期需要若干万年，谓之一“劫”，故“几劫”也表示很长的时间。偈(jì记)──佛教用语。本义为佛经中的颂词。引申为佛家诗。一般为四句，多富哲理或预言性。&lt;br /&gt;
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Jie (calamity): In Buddhism, it is believed that the world is a process of constant destruction and renewal. Such a cycle, which takes several tens of thousands of years, is called a “Jie”. So several Jie’s also means a very long time. Ji (verse)──a Buddhist term whose original meaning is the eulogy in the Buddhist scriptures and is extended to Buddhism poems. It usually consists of four sentences, which are philosophical or prophetic.--[[User:He Qin|He Qin]] ([[User talk:He Qin|talk]]) 10:59, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Jie(calamity): In Buddhism, it’s believed that the world is a progress which is constantly devastating and regenerating. Such a cycle needs several tens of thousands of years, called a “Jie”. So several “Jie” also means a long time. Ji(verse)—— a Buddhist term whose original meaning is the eulogy in the Buddhist texts and is extended to Buddhism poems. It’s generally composed of four sentences, rich in philosophy or prophetic.--[[User:Hu Shuqing|Hu Shuqing]] ([[User talk:Hu Shuqing|talk]]) 06:11, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==胡舒情 Hú Shūqíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081490==&lt;br /&gt;
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“无才”一诗──倩(qiàn欠)：请，请求，恳求。此诗实为曹雪芹自况，即无意于为朝庭效力。野史──与“官史”、“正史”相对。&lt;br /&gt;
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The poem &amp;quot;Unwisdom&amp;quot;——Qian( interchangeable words):  means “please”. This poem is actually Cao Xueqin’s own situation, who is unwilling to serve the court. “Unofficial history”——contrary to Official history.--[[User:Hu Shuqing|Hu Shuqing]] ([[User talk:Hu Shuqing|talk]]) 05:54, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄锦云 Huáng Jǐnyún 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081491==&lt;br /&gt;
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原指私人记载轶闻琐事的文字。引申以指小说之类的作品。文君──指卓文君。汉代临邛富翁卓王孙之女，容貌美丽，才学优长，而夫死寡居。&lt;br /&gt;
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Originally it refers to private records of anecdote, which is extended to works like novels. Wenjun--Zhuo Wenjun. She is the daughter of a wealthy man from Linqiong in the Han Dynasty, Zhuo Wangsun. She is pretty, talentd and well-educated, and lives alone after her husband's death.--[[User:Huang Jinyun|Huang Jinyun]] ([[User talk:Huang Jinyun|talk]]) 03:04, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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It originally refers to private records of anecdote, which is extended to works like novels. Wenjun refers to Zhuo Wenjun. She is the daughter of a wealthy man from Linqiong in the Han Dynasty, Zhuo Wangsun. She is pretty, talentd and well-educated, and lives alone after her husband's death.--[[User:Huang Yiyan1|Huang Yiyan1]] ([[User talk:Huang Yiyan1|talk]]) 12:05, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄逸妍 Huáng Yìyán 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081492==&lt;br /&gt;
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司马相如饮于卓氏，以琴曲挑之，卓文君即与之私奔，遂为夫妻，以卖酒为生。事见《史记·司马相如列传》。子建──指曹植，字子建。三国魏武帝曹操第四子，著名才子。&lt;br /&gt;
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Sima Xiangru drank in Zhuo Wenjun's home where Sima played the Chinese zither and the music attracted Zhuo Wenjun, thus Sima and Zhuo fell in love with each other. Later they eloped and sold wine for a living. This was recorded in Records of the Historians•Biography of Sima Xiangru. Zijian referred to Cao Zhi, a famous wit, also  the fourth son of Cao Cao, emperor Wudi of The Three Kingdoms.--[[User:Huang Yiyan1|Huang Yiyan1]] ([[User talk:Huang Yiyan1|talk]]) 15:22, 30 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Sima Xiangru drank in Zhuo Wenjun's home where Sima played the Chinese zither and the music attracted Zhuo Wenjun, thus Sima and Zhuo fell in love with each other. Later they eloped and sold wine for a living. This was recorded in Records of the Grand Historian•Biography of Sima Xiangru. Zijian referred to Cao Zhi, a famous wit, also  the fourth son of Cao Cao, emperor Wudi of The Three Kingdoms.--[[User:Zeng Junlin|Zeng Junlin]] ([[User talk:Zeng Junlin|talk]]) 02:37, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==曾俊霖 Zēng Jùnlín 国别 男 202120081478==&lt;br /&gt;
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《南史·谢灵运传》：“谢灵运曰：‘天下才共一石：曹子建独得八斗，我得一斗，自古及今共用一斗。’”遂有“八斗之才”的美誉。又《魏志》(见《太平御览》卷六○○引)：“文帝(曹丕)尝欲害植，以其无罪，令植七步为诗，若不成，加军法。&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Biography of Xie Lingyun in History of Southern Dynasties&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Xie Lingyun said: 'there is one stone in the world: Cao Zijian won eight fights alone, I won one fight, and I have shared one fight since ancient times and today.&amp;quot; therefore, Xie Lingyun has the reputation of &amp;quot;eight fights of talents&amp;quot;. Also in Wei Zhi (see volume 600 of Taiping Yulan): &amp;quot;Emperor Wen (Cao Pi) wanted to harm Zhi, so he ordered Zhi to take seven steps as a poem because he was innocent. If he failed, he would add military law.--[[User:Zeng Junlin|Zeng Junlin]] ([[User talk:Zeng Junlin|talk]]) 02:36, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄柱梁 Huáng Zhùliáng 国别 男 202120081493==&lt;br /&gt;
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植即应声曰：‘煮豆燃豆萁，豆在釜中泣。本是同根生，相煎何太急！’文帝善之。”(事又见南朝宋·刘义庆《世说新语·文学》，文字略异)遂又有“七步之才”的美誉。Immediately after Emperor Wendi of Wei Dynasty(220-266) has ordered, Cao Zhi answered, &amp;quot;boil the beans and burn the osmunda, and the beans cry in the kettle. It's from the same root. Why do you want to fry each other? &amp;quot; Emperor Wendi then give his kindness to Cao Zhi.(see also Shi Shuo Xin Yu---literature by Liu Yiqing of the Southern Song Dynasty, with slightly different words) So Zhi is gifted with the reputation of &amp;quot;Seven-Step Talent&amp;quot;.--[[User:Huang Zhuliang|Huang Zhuliang]] ([[User talk:Huang Zhuliang|talk]]) 02:31, 1 December 2021 (UTC)Huang Zhuliang&lt;br /&gt;
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==金晓童 Jīn Xiǎotóng  202120081494==&lt;br /&gt;
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“从此”四句──是借空空道人的彻悟，以说明世界上的一切都是虚幻的。 空、色、情：都是佛教用语。&lt;br /&gt;
The four sentences &amp;quot;from now on&amp;quot; are to explain that everything in the world is illusory. Emptiness, form and emotion are all Buddhist terms.--[[User:Jin Xiaotong|Jin Xiaotong]] ([[User talk:Jin Xiaotong|talk]]) 14:29, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邝艳丽 Kuàng Yànl 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081495==&lt;br /&gt;
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佛家认为，“空”是世界的本质，所谓万物不过是因缘遇合，倏生倏灭，并非真实存在；“色”是人所看到的表相，并非真实的存在；“情”是人对世界产生的感受，更属主观意识，而非真实的物质。&lt;br /&gt;
Buddhism believes that “Empty” is the nature of the world that everything is not real material but something form by fate with swift birth and death. “Beauty” is just representation what people see, rather than a real material. “Affection”, a sense of people to the world, more belongs to subjective consciousness, rather than real material.--[[User:Kuang Yanli|Kuang Yanli]] ([[User talk:Kuang Yanli|talk]]) 13:12, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Buddhism believes that “Empty” is the nature of the world that everything is not real material but something form by fate with swift birth and death. “Form” is just representation what people see, rather than a real material. “Affection”, a sense of people to the world, more belongs to subjective consciousness, rather than real material.--[[User:Li Aixuan|Li Aixuan]] ([[User talk:Li Aixuan|talk]]) 04:38, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李爱璇 Lǐ Àixuán 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081496==&lt;br /&gt;
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这就是佛家所谓“四大皆空”的“色空”观念，也即佛家主张禁欲主义的原因。《情僧录》──《红楼梦》的别名之一。因空空道人抄录此书而使之传世，并因看了此书而悟彻了空、色、情，故称。&lt;br /&gt;
This is the concept of &amp;quot;form and emptiness&amp;quot; in so-called &amp;quot;All the four elements are void &amp;quot; originated in Buddhism, that is, the reason why Buddhism advocates asceticism. &amp;quot;Ch'ing Tseng Lu&amp;quot; -- one of the nicknames of ''Dream of the Red Chamber''. K'ung K'ung, the Taoist, copied this book and handed it down to the world. After reading this book, he realized the emptiness, form and emotion, so he called himself Kongkong.--[[User:Li Aixuan|Li Aixuan]] ([[User talk:Li Aixuan|talk]]) 15:10, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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This is the Buddhist concept of &amp;quot;element and emptiness&amp;quot;, derived from the idea that &amp;quot;all the four elements(earth, water, fire and air of which the world is made) are void of vanities &amp;quot;, which is the reason why Buddhism advocates asceticism. ''Ch'ing Tseng Lu'' -- one of the alias name of ''Dream of the Red Chamber''. K'ung K'ung, the Taoist, transcribed this book and made it handed on from age to age. After reading this book, he became enlightened about emptiness, element and love, so he called himself K'ung K'ung.--[[User:Li Ruiyang|Li Ruiyang]] ([[User talk:Li Ruiyang|talk]]) 13:35, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李瑞洋 Lǐ Ruìyáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081497==&lt;br /&gt;
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作者欲借此书名，说明“情”的虚幻。《风月宝鉴》──《红楼梦》的别名之一。风月宝鉴是太虚幻境警幻仙姑所造的一面宝镜，从正面看到的是美人，从反面看到的是骷髅，隐寓美人即骷髅。&lt;br /&gt;
The author wanted to use this book title to illustrate the illusion of love. ''Precious Mirror of Voluptuousness'' is one of the alias name of ''Dream of the Red Chamber''. Precious Mirror of Voluptuousness is a treasure mirror wrought by the Monitory Dream Fairy from the Great Void. The mirror implies beauty is a skeleton, because its front side shows a beauty, while the reverse side shows a skeleton.--[[User:Li Ruiyang|Li Ruiyang]] ([[User talk:Li Ruiyang|talk]]) 13:34, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The author wanted to use this book title to illustrate the illusion of love. ''Precious Mirror of Voluptuousness'' is one of the alias of ''Dream of the Red Chamber''. ''Precious Mirror of Voluptuousness'' is a treasure mirror wrought by the Monitory Dream Fairy from the world of Great Void. The mirror implies that beauty is skeleton, because its front side shows a beauty, while the reverse side shows a skeleton.--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 12:17, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李姗 Lǐ Shān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081498==&lt;br /&gt;
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第十二回写贾瑞因贪看镜子的正面而丧命。作者以《风月宝鉴》为书名，是欲告诫人们要打破情关，跳出情海。故“甲戌本”凡例云：“《红楼梦》又曰《风月宝鉴》，是戒妄动风月之情。”(风月：指男女之情。)&lt;br /&gt;
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Chapter twelve has noted that Jia Rui died after devouringly glancing the face of that mirror. By naming the book as ''The Mirror of Romantic Love'', the author aimed to warn people to aviod obsession with love. Therefore, the version finished in the year of  1694 recorded that, &amp;quot;''Dream of the Red Chamber'' is also named  ''The Mirror of Romantic Love'', to remind men and women not to fall in love casually.&amp;quot;--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 15:00, 30 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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In Chapter twelve, Omen Merchant died after devouringly staring the observe side of the mirror. By naming the book as ''The Mirror of Romantic Love'', the author aimed to warn people to aviod obsession with love. Therefore, the version finished in the year of 1694 recorded that, &amp;quot;''Dream of the Red Chamber'' is also named  ''The Mirror of Romantic Love'', so as to remind men and women not to fall in love casually.&amp;quot;--[[User:Li Shuang|Li Shuang]] ([[User talk:Li Shuang|talk]]) 03:05, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李双 Lǐ Shuāng 翻译学 女 202120081499==&lt;br /&gt;
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《金陵十二钗》──《红楼梦》的别名之一。因本书主要是为林黛玉等十二位金陵籍女子(即太虚幻境“金陵十二钗正册”中的女子)立传，故称。&lt;br /&gt;
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''Twelve Women of Jinling'' is one of other names of ''Dream of the Red Chamber''. Because this book is mainly of biographies for Mascara Jade Gorest and other 12 Jinling native women (women in Illuosry Land of Great Void of ''The Official Collection of Twelve Women of Jinling'').--[[User:Li Shuang|Li Shuang]] ([[User talk:Li Shuang|talk]]) 02:59, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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''Twelve Women of Jinling'' is one of other names of ''Dream of the Red Mansion''. Because this book is mainly the biographies for Mascara Jade Gorest and other 12 Jinling native women (women in Illuosry Land of Great Void of ''The Official Collection of Twelve Women of Jinling'') --[[User:Li Wenxuan|Li Wenxuan]] ([[User talk:Li Wenxuan|talk]]) 14:32, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李文璇 Lǐ Wénxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081500==&lt;br /&gt;
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地陷东南──古代神话传说，见于《淮南子·天文训》记载：共工与颛顼争夺帝位，怒而触不周山，致使东南大地塌陷下沉，所以东南低而西北高。这里并无特别含意，只是下句所说姑苏在中国东南，顺便提及。&lt;br /&gt;
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Collapse in the Southeast， which is from the old mystery and legend. From the records of ''Huainan Zi-The Record of Astronomy'': Gonggong and Zhuan Xu (both are the legendary ruler) fought for the throne. Gongong was so angry that he hit the Mountain Buzhou, thus causing the southeast land to collapse and sink, which is the reason why the southeast are lower and northwest are higher. However, there are no special meaning, only to name a few since the following sentence has talked about Gushu. --[[User:Li Wenxuan|Li Wenxuan]] ([[User talk:Li Wenxuan|talk]]) 12:02, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
The southeast of the land sinks-ancient myths and legends, found in the &amp;quot;Huainanzi·Tenwen Xun&amp;quot; record: Gonggong and Zhuanxu competed for the throne, and they couldn't touch Zhoushan in anger, causing the southeast land to collapse and sink, so the southeast was low and the northwest was high. There is no special meaning here, but the next sentence says that Gusu is in southeastern China, which is mentioned by the way.--[[User:Li Wen|Li Wen]] ([[User talk:Li Wen|talk]]) 14:16, 30 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李雯 Lǐ Wén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081501==&lt;br /&gt;
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西方──这里指佛家理想中的西方极乐世界，即所谓“佛国”，又称“西方净土”、“西方净国”、“西方世界”、‘极乐土’。《佛说阿弥陀经》：“从是西方，过十万亿佛土，有世界名曰极乐……彼土何故名为极乐？&lt;br /&gt;
The West-here refers to the Western Paradise in the Buddhist ideals, the so-called &amp;quot;Buddhist Country&amp;quot;, also known as the &amp;quot;Western Pure Land&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Western Pure Countr&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Western World&amp;quot;, and &amp;quot;Buddhist Land&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;Buddha Says Amitabha Sutra&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;From the West, over ten trillion Buddha fields, there is a world called bliss... Why is the land called bliss?--[[User:Li Wen|Li Wen]] ([[User talk:Li Wen|talk]]) 14:16, 30 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Western -- here refers to the Western paradise in the Buddhist ideal, namely the so-called &amp;quot;Buddhist country&amp;quot;, also known as &amp;quot;western pure land&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;western pure country&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;western world&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;paradise&amp;quot;. Buddha said amitabha Sutra: &amp;quot;From the West, over ten trillion Buddha lands, there is a world name called bliss... Why is it called Bliss?--[[User:Li Xinxing|Li Xinxing]] ([[User talk:Li Xinxing|talk]]) 14:19, 30 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李新星 Lǐ Xīnxīng 亚非语言文学 女 202120081503==&lt;br /&gt;
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其国众生无有众苦，但受诸乐，故名极乐。” 灵河——佛国中的河。佛经中说因龙住于河中，永不枯竭，故又称“龙泉”。一说指印度人称之为“圣水”的恒河。&lt;br /&gt;
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Living beings in his country have no suffering, but receive happiness, hence the name Of Happiness.&amp;quot; Ling River - the river in the Country of Buddhism. The Buddhist scriptures say that the dragon lives in the river and never dries up, so it is also called &amp;quot;Dragon Spring&amp;quot;. One refers to the Ganges, which Indians call &amp;quot;holy water&amp;quot;.--[[User:Li Xinxing|Li Xinxing]] ([[User talk:Li Xinxing|talk]]) 06:16, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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All living beings in his country have no pain, but they receive all kinds of music, so it is called blissful. &amp;quot; Linghe River - the river in the Buddha kingdom. The Buddhist Scripture says that because the dragon lives in the river and will never dry up, it is also called &amp;quot;Longquan&amp;quot;. The first theory refers to the Ganges River, which Indians call &amp;quot;holy water&amp;quot;.--[[User:Li Yi|Li Yi]] ([[User talk:Li Yi|talk]]) 14:00, 30 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李怡 Lǐ Yí 法语语言文学 女 202120081504==&lt;br /&gt;
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三生石──典出唐·袁郊《甘泽谣·圆观》：僧人圆观与友人李源同游三峡，见几个妇人在汲水，圆观对李源说：“其中孕妇姓王者，是某(我)托生之所。”并相约十二年后的中秋之夜在杭州天竺寺外相见。是夜圆观即死。&lt;br /&gt;
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Yuan Guan, a monk, was visiting the Three Gorges with his friend Li Yuan. He saw several women pumping water. Yuan guan said to Li Yuan, &amp;quot;Among them, the pregnant woman's name is King, and she is the place where someone (I) will take care of herself.&amp;quot; And meet twelve years later in the Mid-Autumn festival night in Hangzhou Tianzhu Temple foreign minister. The night circle is death.--[[User:Li Yi|Li Yi]] ([[User talk:Li Yi|talk]]) 13:59, 30 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Stone of lives—this illusion comes from ''Gan Ze Songs•Yuan Guan'' written by Yuan Jiao in Tang dynasty. Yuan Guan, a monk, was visiting the Three Gorges with his friend Li Yuan. When Yuan Guan saw several women pumping water, she said to Li Yuan, &amp;quot;Among them, the pregnant woman, whose last name is Wang, is the place where I will be rebirth.&amp;quot; And they made a promise to meet twelve years later in the Mid-Autumn festival night in Hangzhou Tianzhu Temple. At that very night Yuan Guan left the world.--[[User:Liu Peiting|Liu Peiting]] ([[User talk:Liu Peiting|talk]]) 14:33, 30 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘沛婷 Liú Pèitíng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081505==&lt;br /&gt;
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李源虽觉怪异，还是如期而至，只见一牧童高唱《竹枝词》曰：“三生石上旧精魂，赏月吟风不要论。惭愧情人远相访，此身虽异性长存。” 李源才知圆观果已转生为牧童。“三生石”遂成为因缘前定的典故。&lt;br /&gt;
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Strange as Li Yuan felt, he still showed up as expected. When he saw a shepherd boy singing ''Zhu Zhi Poems'' saying that “I am the old spirit through three cycles of life, singing of moon and wind is not to be mentioned again. Ashamed when my lover visits afar, my spirit remains stable regardless of physical changes”,  Li Yuan knew that Yuan Guan had been reincarnated as a shepherd boy. “The stone of lives” then became the allusion of predestined relationship.--[[User:Liu Peiting|Liu Peiting]] ([[User talk:Liu Peiting|talk]]) 11:28, 30 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Although Li Yuan felt strange, he still arrived as scheduled. He saw a shepherd boy singing ''Zhu Zhi Poems'' that  “I am the old spirit through three cycles of life, singing of moon and wind is not to be mentioned again. Ashamed when my lover visits afar, my spirit remains stable regardless of physical changes”. Li Yuan knew that yuan Guanguo had been reborn as a shepherd boy. &amp;quot;Sansheng stone&amp;quot; has become a pre-determined allusion.--[[User:Liu Shengnan|Liu Shengnan]] ([[User talk:Liu Shengnan|talk]]) 12:21, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘胜楠 Liú Shèngnán 翻译学 女 202120081506==&lt;br /&gt;
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曹雪芹顺手拈来，将其安在了灵河岸上。 三生：佛教用语。佛家认为人的灵魂不灭，轮回转世，每转生一次即为一生，故将前生、今生、来生谓之“三生”。&lt;br /&gt;
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Cao Xueqin picked it up and placed it on the Linghe river bank.San Sheng: a Buddhist term. Buddhism believes that people's soul is immortal and reincarnated. Each reincarnation is a life. Therefore, the past, the present and future are called &amp;quot;San Sheng&amp;quot;.--[[User:Liu Shengnan|Liu Shengnan]] ([[User talk:Liu Shengnan|talk]]) 14:00, 30 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Cao Xueqin picked it up conveniently and placed it on the bank of the Ling River. Sansheng: a Buddhist term. Buddhism believes that the human soul is immortal and reincarnated. Each rebirth is a lifetime, so the previous, present, and future lives are called the &amp;quot;three lives&amp;quot;.   --[[User:Liu Wei|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei|talk]]) 15:14, 1 December 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘薇 Liú Wēi 国别 女 202120081507==&lt;br /&gt;
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绛珠仙草：为曹雪芹所杜撰，即林黛玉的前身。甘露──是一种特殊的露水。典出《老子》第三二章：“天地相合，以降甘露。”古人认为是天地的精华，故甘露降被视为太平的祥瑞。&lt;br /&gt;
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Jiang Zhu Xiancao: the predecessor of Lin Daiyu and was invented by Cao Xueqin. Manna is a special kind of dew.The 32nd chapter of ''Laozi''is quoted as follows:  &amp;quot;When the Yin and Yang of heaven and earth merge with each other, manna will come naturally. &amp;quot; The ancients believed that it was the essence of the heaven and the earth, so the befall of manna was regarded as a sign of peace and auspiciousness.  --[[User:Liu Wei|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei|talk]]) 05:15, 30 November 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei&lt;br /&gt;
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Vermilion Pearl Plant, invented by Cao Xueqin, was the previous existence of Lin Daiyu. Manna was a special kind of dew, quoted from the 32nd chapter of ''Laozi'': &amp;quot;The earth and sky would then conspire to bring the sweet dew down.&amp;quot; The ancients believed that it was the essence of nature, the befall of manna regarded as a sign of peace and auspiciousness. --[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 12:17, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘晓 Liú Xiǎo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081508==&lt;br /&gt;
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明·李时珍《本草纲目·水部一·甘露》(释文)引《瑞应图》：“甘露，美露也。神灵之精，仁瑞之泽，其凝如脂，其甘如饴，故有甘、膏、酒、浆之名。”&lt;br /&gt;
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From the chapter of &amp;quot;Water&amp;quot; in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' by Li Shizhen, a medical expert of the Ming dynasty, previously quoted from ''Ruiying Tu'', an illustrated scroll of auspicious objects: &amp;quot;Manna, the sweet dew or the beautiful dew, is a rare water with the auspicious essence of the divine dragon, condensed like fat and sweet as syrup, so it also has the name of sweet, cream, wine and pulp.&amp;quot;--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 08:04, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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In ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' the chapter of “ Water · Manna Dew”(Interpretation), Li Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty quotes “Ruiying Tu&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Manna, the sweet dew or the beautiful dew, is a rare water with the auspicious essence of the divine dragon, condensed like fat and sweet as syrup, so it also has the name of sweet, cream, wine and pulp.&amp;quot;--[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 07:11, 30 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘越 Liú Yuè 亚非语言文学 女 202120081509==&lt;br /&gt;
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离恨天──民间传说谓：“三十三天，离恨天最高；四百四病，相思病最苦。”后即以“离恨天”比喻男女相恋而不能遂愿，抱恨终身的境地。曹雪芹加以利用，可谓恰到好处。&lt;br /&gt;
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The Deep Hatred── folklore says: &amp;quot;thirty-three days, the deep hatred is the highest; four hundred and four kinds of sicknesses, lovesickness is the worst.&amp;quot; The latter refers to the situation of men and women falling in love and not being able to fulfill their wishes and regret for ever. Cao Xueqin to use, can be said to be just right.--[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 22:49, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Lihen Heaven── as folklore says: &amp;quot;among the thirty-three heavens, Lihen Heaven is the highest; among the four hundred and four kinds of sicknesses, lovesickness is the worst.&amp;quot; The latter refers to the situation of men and women falling in love but being unable to be together and regret all their life. Cao Xueqin’s use of is felicitous. --[[User:Liu Yunxin|Liu Yunxin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yunxin|talk]]) 15:43, 2 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘运心 Liú Yùnxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081510==&lt;br /&gt;
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秘情果、灌愁水──这是曹雪芹杜撰的，前者寓林黛玉对贾宝玉一往情深而难以言表，后者寓林黛玉将陷入深愁苦海之中。造历幻缘──经历虚幻的因缘。 造：通“遭”。遭受。&lt;br /&gt;
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Miqing Fruit and Guanchou Water are made up by Cao Xueqin. The former implies the firm and inexpressive love of Blue-black Jade to Precious Jade. While the latter infers to the abyss of misery that she will descend into. Zaoli Huanyuan—to be submitted to the illusory fate. “Zao (造)”: the same as “zao（遭）” which means being submitted to. --[[User:Liu Yunxin|Liu Yunxin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yunxin|talk]]) 15:27, 2 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗安怡 Luó Ānyí 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081511==&lt;br /&gt;
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缘：佛家用语，即因缘。佛家将事物的发生、变化、消灭的主要条件谓之“因”，辅助条件谓之“缘”，所以世界不过是因缘变化的过程，而非物质的存在，因而一切都是虚幻的，也就是所谓“色空”。度脱──佛教和道教用语。指超度世人脱离有生有死的苦难，达到脱离生死的涅槃境界。&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗曦 Luó Xī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081512==&lt;br /&gt;
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功德──佛教用语。《大乘义章·十功德义三门分别》：“功谓功能，能破生死，能得涅槃，能度众生，名之为功。此功是其善行家德，故云功德。”后世多泛指念佛、诵经、布施、度人出家等为功德。&lt;br /&gt;
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Gong De (merit) ──Buddhist term. ''Mahayana Righteous Chapter · Ten Merit, Virtue and Righteousness'': &amp;quot;Gong is the function that remove people’s  fear of life and death, achieve Nirvana and save all living beings, and  this is the reason why it  is named like that. This Gong is the virtue that people share their good deeds acquired from their families to others, so it is then called as Gong De&amp;quot;. Later, it generally refers to the merits of reciting the Buddha, chanting, giving alms, and guiding people to  become monks, etc.--[[User:Ma Xin|Ma Xin]] ([[User talk:Ma Xin|talk]]) 09:36, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==马新 Mǎ Xīn 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081513==&lt;br /&gt;
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因果──佛教用语。佛教指种什么因，结什么果，善有善报，恶有恶报，循环不爽。《涅槃经·遗教品一》：“善恶之报，如影随形，三世因果，循环不失。”火坑──佛教用语。&lt;br /&gt;
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Yin and Guo (cause and effect)-Buddhist term. In Buddhism, it refers to the same as what a man sows, so he shall reap.  Good deeds come back to help you, and bad deeds come back to haunt you and  the cycle is time-tested. ''Nirvanasutra. Relics I'': &amp;quot;The retribution of good and evil very closely associated with each other circulates all ages that has no ending.”  Huo Keng (fire-pit)—Buddhist term.--[[User:Ma Xin|Ma Xin]] ([[User talk:Ma Xin|talk]]) 08:55, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Yin and Guo (cause and effect) --- a Buddhist term. In Buddhism, it refers to the fact that you reap what you sow, viz., a time-tested cycle in which the good and the evil must at last have their reward. ''Nirvanasutra·Relics I'': &amp;quot;The retribution of good and evil very closely associated with each other circulates all ages with no ending.&amp;quot; Huo Keng (fire pit) --- a Buddhist term.--[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 11:52, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛雅文 Máo Yǎwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081514==&lt;br /&gt;
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《法华经·普门品》：“假使兴害意，推落大火坑。念彼观音力，火坑变成池。”佛教谓众生轮回有六道，即天道、人道、阿修罗道、畜生道、饿鬼道、地狱道。后三道最苦，谓之“火坑”。这里用引申义，泛指人世间的苦难。&lt;br /&gt;
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''Sutra on the Lotus Flower of the Wondrous Dharma·The Universal Door of the Bodhisattva Who Listens to the Sounds of All the World'': &amp;quot;Should you be pushed into a raging fire pit by enemies who are so harmful, mean and cruel, you can evoke the holy strength of Gwan Yin Bodhisattva, and then the blaze will be turned into a limpid pool, so that you can circumvent the extreme danger of being burned.&amp;quot; Six realms of reincarnation of all beings are identified in Buddhism: gods, humans, demigods, animals, hungry ghosts and hells. The last three ones are the most painful, which are consequently called &amp;quot;the fire pit&amp;quot;. Here, &amp;quot;the fire pit&amp;quot; is used with its extended meaning that refers to the sufferings in the world.--[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 09:17, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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''Sutra on the Lotus Flower of the Wondrous Dharma·The Universal Door of the Bodhisattva Who Listens to the Sounds of All the World'': &amp;quot;Should you be pushed into a raging fire pit by enemies who are so harmful, mean and cruel, you can evoke the holy strength of Gwan Yin Bodhisattva, and then the blaze will be turned into a limpid pool, so that you can circumvent the extreme danger of being burned.&amp;quot; Six realms of reincarnation of all beings are identified in Buddhism: Heaven, human, Asura, animals, hungry ghosts and hell. The last three ones are the most painful, which are consequently called &amp;quot;the fire pit&amp;quot;. Here, &amp;quot;the fire pit&amp;quot; is used with its extended meaning that refers to the sufferings in the world.--[[User:Mao You|Mao You]] ([[User talk:Mao You|talk]]) 08:36, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛优 Máo Yōu 俄语语言文学 女 202120081515==&lt;br /&gt;
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 太虚幻境——太虚：指虚无飘渺的太空。出自《庄子·知北游》：“是以不过乎昆仑，不游乎太虚。” 幻境：虚幻的境界。出自唐·王维《为兵部祭库部王郎中文》：“深悟幻境，独与道游。”曹雪芹将二者组合，创造了一个虚构的仙境，当寓“虚无空幻”之意。&lt;br /&gt;
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The fantasy world of Taixu - Taixu: refers to the vague and ethereal space. From &amp;quot;Zhuangzi - Zhi Bei You&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;It is not to be over Kunlun, not to travel in the Tai Xu.&amp;quot; Fantasy world: the unreal realm of illusion. From Tang-Wang Wei, &amp;quot;For the Ministry of the Military Department to sacrifice to Wang Langzhong of the Ministry of the Treasury&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Deeply aware of the fantasy world, I traveled alone with the Tao.&amp;quot; Cao Xueqin combines the two to create a fictional realm of immortality, which means &amp;quot;nothingness and emptiness&amp;quot;.--[[User:Mao You|Mao You]] ([[User talk:Mao You|talk]]) 08:31, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The fantasy world of Taixu——Taixu refers to the vague and ethereal space from &amp;quot;Zhuangzi - Zhi Bei You&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;It is not to be over Kunlun, not to travel in the Tai Xu.&amp;quot; Fantasy world: the unreal realm of illusion from Wang Wei from Tang Dynasty &amp;quot;For the Military Department to mourn the Ministry Wang of the Treasury Department&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;Deeply aware of the fantasy world, I traveled alone with the Tao.&amp;quot; Cao Xueqin combined the two to create a fictional realm of immortality, which means &amp;quot;nothingness and emptiness&amp;quot;.--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 15:23, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==牟一心 Móu Yīxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081516==&lt;br /&gt;
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“假作真”一联──意谓如果以假为真，真假必然混淆，那么真的也可能被当作假的；如果以无为有，有无必然混淆，那么有也可能被当作无。影射世人真假不分，是非不辨。&lt;br /&gt;
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“falsehood serves as genuineness” means that if regarding falsehood as genuineness, the two will be bound to get into confusion and then truth is likely to be seen as sham; this is true in the case of nothingness and reality. This verse insinuates that people fail to distinguish fact from fiction, right from wrong.--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 07:24, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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“Falsehood serves as genuineness” means that if regarding falsehood as genuineness, the two will be bound to get into confusion and then truth is likely to be seen as sham; if nothing is taken as something, then there is bound to be confusion, and then something may be regarded as nothing. This verse insinuates that people fail to distinguish fact from fiction, right from wrong.--[[User:Peng Ruixue|Peng Ruixue]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruixue|talk]]) 14:30, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==彭瑞雪 Péng Ruìxuě 法语语言文学 女 202120081517==&lt;br /&gt;
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有命无运──古人认为人的先天禀赋的贵贱寿夭为“命”，而现实生活中的遭遇为“运”。“有命无运”就是虽有好的禀赋，却无好的机遇，所以将终生坎坷。&lt;br /&gt;
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Destiny without fortune -- ancient people believe that a person's birth and life expectancy are &amp;quot;destiny&amp;quot;, while what happens to them in real life is &amp;quot;fortune&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;To have a destiny but no fortune is to have good gifts but no good opportunities, so one will have a difficult life.--[[User:Peng Ruixue|Peng Ruixue]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruixue|talk]]) 14:23, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==秦建安 Qín Jiànān 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081518==&lt;br /&gt;
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“惯养”一联──菱花：指英莲将来改名香菱。空对雪澌澌：隐喻英莲将遭受冷落乃至虐待。 雪：“薛”的谐音，指薛蟠。&lt;br /&gt;
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One of the couplet &amp;quot;guanyang&amp;quot;--&amp;quot;''linghua''&amp;quot;（water chestnut）：it refers to Yinglian will change her name into &amp;quot;XiangLing&amp;quot;.&amp;quot;空对雪澌澌&amp;quot;(kong dui xue si si)metaphorically means Yinglian will be ignored and even abused. &amp;quot;雪&amp;quot;(xue) is homophonic with &amp;quot;薛&amp;quot;(xue) which points to XuePan.--[[User:Qing Jianan|Qing Jianan]] ([[User talk:Qing Jianan|talk]]) 06:47, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The couplet &amp;quot; to be spoiled&amp;quot;--linghua（water chestnut）refers to that Yinglian would rename to XiangLing. And  snow melting away metaphorically means Yinglian will be ignored and even abused. Snow( pronounced as xue in Chinese)is homophonic with Xue which refers to XuePan.--[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 11:42, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邱婷婷 Qiū Tíngtíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081519==&lt;br /&gt;
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澌澌：落雪的声音，形容大雪。 “菱花”两句暗指英莲虽被爹娘娇惯，将来却做薛蟠之妾，而且将受到冷落乃至虐待。 此联隐喻甄英莲及其家庭的命运。&lt;br /&gt;
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Gurgling: the sound of snow falling, used to describe heavy snow. The phrase “Ling Hua”(Water Chestnut) implies that although Ying Lian was spoiled by her parents, she would become Xue Pan's concubine and would be snubbed and even abused by him in the future. This couplet metaphors the fate of Zhen Yinglian and her family.--[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 11:46, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Gurgling: the sound of snow falling, used to describe heavy snow. The “Ling Hua” implies although Yinglian was coddled by her parents, she would marry Xue Pan as a concubine in the future and would be neglected and even abused. This couplet metaphors the fate of Yinglian and her family.--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 08:28, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==饶金盈 Ráo Jīnyíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081520==&lt;br /&gt;
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“好防”一联：此联暗指后文甄士隐家将于三月十五日遭火灾。三劫──佛教用语。“三阿僧祇劫”的省略。指菩萨修成正果所需的时间。泛指极长的时间。&lt;br /&gt;
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The couplet “Being on guard” implies the content of following text that Zhen Shiyin’s home would suffer a fire disaster on 15th Mar. Three misfortunes in life, a Buddhism term, is the abbreviation of “San E Seng Du JIe”, that is, the time for a Budhisattva to get to the promised land, and it refers to a long time in general.--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 08:14, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The couplet “take precautions”alludes that in the following paragraphs, Zhen Shiyin’s house will be ravaged by fire on March 15th. “Three Tribulations”, a Buddhist term, is the omitted form of “Three Longstanding and Formidable Tribulations”, which refers to the time it takes for a Bodhisattva to achieve the fruition. It is used to illustrate extremely long period of time in a general sense.--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 06:55, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==石丽青 Shí Lìqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081521==&lt;br /&gt;
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北邙山──又作“北芒山”。本名邙山，因在洛阳之北，故名。东汉、魏、晋时王侯公卿多葬于此，后世即成为墓地的代称。&lt;br /&gt;
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Beimang Mountain is also known as “North Mang Mountain”.  Originally called Mang Mountain, it gets its existing name for the reason that it lies in the north of Luoyang in Henan Province. In the Eastern Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties, it boasted the burial ground of the feudal aristocrats, and later became synonymous with the cemetery.--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 02:53, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Beimang Mountain is also known as “North Mang Mountain”. Originally called Mang Mountain, it gets its existing name for the reason that it lies in the north of Luoyang. In the Eastern Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties, most of the feudal aristocrats were buried here.So it became &lt;br /&gt;
the another name of cemeteries later.--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 08:52, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==孙雅诗 Sūn Yǎshī 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081522==&lt;br /&gt;
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“然生得”四句──意谓贾雨村生得一副福相。古人以为“腰圆背厚”、“面阔口方”、“剑眉星眼”、“直鼻方腮”皆为福相的特征，而贾雨村兼有，故下文说“怪道又说他必非久困之人”。此为贾雨村将来飞黄腾达作铺垫。&lt;br /&gt;
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The four sentences,&amp;quot;Ran Sheng De&amp;quot;,means that Jia Yucun was born with an appearance showing good fortune.The ancients think that &amp;quot;round waist and thick back&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;big face and wide mouth&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sword eyebrows and star eyes&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;straight nose and square cheek&amp;quot; are all the features of the appearance that shows good fortune. Jia Yucun has all these features, so the following text says &amp;quot;The strange priest said that he must not be trapped for a long time&amp;quot;.This indicates that Jia Yucun will be successful in his official career in the future.--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 08:37, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The four sentences, “Ran Sheng De”, means that Jia Yucun’s features promise a good fortune. The ancients thought that &amp;quot;round waist and thick back&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;big face and wide mouth&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sword eyebrows and star eyes&amp;quot;, and &amp;quot;straight nose and square cheek&amp;quot; are all the characteristics of man whose appearance promise a good fortune, and Jia Yucun has all, so the following says &amp;quot;The strange priest said that he must not be trapped for a long time&amp;quot;. This indicates that Jia Yucun will have a meteoric rise in life in the future.--[[User:Wang Lifei|Wang Lifei]] ([[User talk:Wang Lifei|talk]]) 08:30, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王李菲 Wáng Lǐfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081523==&lt;br /&gt;
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口占五言一律──意谓随口念出五言律诗一首。 口占：口头吟诗吟词。 五言律：“五言律诗”的简称，亦简称“五律”。诗体之一。&lt;br /&gt;
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Oral five-character poem—which means reciting a five-character poem casually. &lt;br /&gt;
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Oral: recite poems and lyrics verbally.&lt;br /&gt;
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Five-character poem: the abbreviation of “five-character rhythmic poem”, also known as “five-character rhythm” . One of the poetic forms.--[[User:Wang Lifei|Wang Lifei]] ([[User talk:Wang Lifei|talk]]) 07:05, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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A poem in five words, recited orally. Mouthfuls: verbal recitation of poetry and lyrics. Wuyan Rhythm: short for &amp;quot;five-word rhythm poem&amp;quot;, also known as &amp;quot;five rhythm&amp;quot;. One of the poetic genres.--[[User:Wang Yifan21|Wang Yifan21]] ([[User talk:Wang Yifan21|talk]]) 12:24, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王逸凡 Wáng Yìfán 亚非语言文学 女 202120081524==&lt;br /&gt;
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即每句五字的律诗，每首共八句四十字。如果每句七字，则称“七言律诗”，简称“七言律”或“七律”。如果每首超过十句(不论五言、七言)，则称“排律”或“长律”。&lt;br /&gt;
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This is a rhyme of five words per stanza, with eight stanzas of forty words each. If each stanza is seven words long, the poem is called a &amp;quot;seven-word rhyme&amp;quot;, or &amp;quot;seven-word rhyme&amp;quot; for short. If each stanza is longer than ten (whether five or seven), the poem is called a &amp;quot;line of rhythm&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;long rhythm&amp;quot;.--[[User:Wang Yifan21|Wang Yifan21]] ([[User talk:Wang Yifan21|talk]]) 04:36, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王镇隆 Wáng Zhènlóng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 男 202120081525==&lt;br /&gt;
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因其有一整套严格的格律规定，故称“律诗”。“未卜”一联──未卜：不可预知。 三生愿：指婚姻。 频：时时刻刻。 &lt;br /&gt;
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==卫怡雯 Wèi Yíwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081526==&lt;br /&gt;
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此联是贾雨村自谓欲与甄家丫鬟(后文才交代其名字为娇杏)结姻的愿望不知能否实现，因而增添了一种无法摆脱的愁绪。“自顾”一联──自顾风前影：这里化用了“顾影自怜”一典。&lt;br /&gt;
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This couplet is an expression of Jia Yucun who wanted to get married with Zhen’s maid(later mentioned her name as Jiao Xing which implied that she was lucky). But he didn’t know whether this wish can be achieved and thus added an inextricable melancholy. The couplet “Self-pity”——looking at the shadow in the wind: it cited the allusion of “Gu Ying Zi Lian”  with its meaning of looking at one’s shadow and lamenting himself. --[[User:Wei Yiwen|Wei Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Wei Yiwen|talk]]) 12:37, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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This couplet is the expression of Jia Yucun who wanted to get married with the maid of Zhen (later known as Jiaoxing) but didn’t know whether this wish can be achieved thus felt an inextricable melancholy. The couplet——looking at the shadow in the wind, cited the allusion of “when looking at my pityful shadow, I feel very sad(顾影自怜)” .--[[User:Wei Chuxuan|Wei Chuxuan]] ([[User talk:Wei Chuxuan|talk]]) 13:18, 3 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏楚璇 Wèi Chǔxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081527==&lt;br /&gt;
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典出晋·陆机《赴洛道中作二首》其一：“伫立望故乡，顾影凄自怜。”意谓看着自己的身影也觉可爱。表示自我欣赏。 堪：能够或配得上之意。&lt;br /&gt;
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This expression is from a poem group ''Two Poems Written in the Tour to Luoyang'' written by Lu Ji，a poet of Jin dynasty :  when I stand looking towards the direction of my hometown, my shadow looks so pityful that I can not help feeling sad. (伫立望故乡，顾影凄自怜。) This verse means when you look at your shadow, you think it is lovely, referring to a kind of  self-appreciation. Kan(堪): means being able to do something or deserving something.--[[User:Wei Chuxuan|Wei Chuxuan]] ([[User talk:Wei Chuxuan|talk]]) 08:20, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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This allusion is from one of the poem in ''Two Poems Written on the Way to Luoyang'' written by Lu Ji in Jin Dynasty: when I stand, looking towards the direction of my hometown, my shadow looks so pityful that I can not help feeling sad. (伫立望故乡，顾影凄自怜。) This  means when I look at my own shadow, I think it is lovely, referring to a kind of self-appreciation. Kan(堪): means being able to do something or deserving something.--[[User:Wei Zhaoyan|Wei Zhaoyan]] ([[User talk:Wei Zhaoyan|talk]]) 08:12, 3 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏兆妍 Wèi Zhàoyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081528==&lt;br /&gt;
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月下俦：这里化用了唐·李复言《续玄怪录·定婚店》的故事：唐人韦固夜过宋城，见一老翁在月下翻看簿册，问之，才知是婚姻簿子。老翁并携赤绳，言其一旦用此赤绳系住一男一女之足，二人必成夫妻。后人即把“月下老人”奉为婚烟之神。&lt;br /&gt;
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Marriage below the moon: This was borrowed from the story of ''The Sequel of Xuanguai Lu • Dinghun Dian'' by Li Fuyan in Tang Dynasty: When Wei Gu of the Tang Dynasty passed by Song city at night, he saw an old man reading through a thin book under the moon. After asking him, he knew it was a marriage book. The old man was also holding a red line and claimed that once a man and a woman's feet were tied with this red rope, they would get married. Then “the old man under the moon” was worshiped as Hymen by the later generation.--[[User:Wei Zhaoyan|Wei Zhaoyan]] ([[User talk:Wei Zhaoyan|talk]]) 07:18, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Marriage below the moon: it  was borrowed from the story of ''The Sequel of Xuanguai Lu • Dinghun Dian'' by Li Fuyan in Tang Dynasty: When Wei Gu of the Tang Dynasty passed by Song city at night, he saw an old man reading through a thin book under the moon. After asking him, he knew it was a marriage book. The old man was also holding a red line and claimed that once a man and a woman's feet were tied with this red rope, they would get married. Then “the old man under the moon” was respected as Hymen by the later generation.--[[User:Wu Jingyue|Wu Jingyue]] ([[User talk:Wu Jingyue|talk]]) 13:46, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴婧悦 Wú Jìngyuè 俄语语言文学 女 202120081529==&lt;br /&gt;
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这里是成婚之意。此联是贾雨村一面顾影自怜，一面暗想：将来谁能做我的配偶？“蟾光”一联──蟾光：月光。&lt;br /&gt;
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Here it means to get married. This association is the reflection of Jia Yucun‘s one side of self-pity, and one side of thinking: who can be my mate in the future? A antithetical couplet “Changuang” -- Changuang : Moonlight.--[[User:Wu Jingyue|Wu Jingyue]] ([[User talk:Wu Jingyue|talk]]) 13:44, 29 November 2021 &lt;br /&gt;
Here is the meaning of marriage. This couplet is Jia Yucun's self pity and Thinking: who can be my spouse in the future? &amp;quot;Toad light&amp;quot;: moonlight.--[[User:Wu Yinghong|Wu Yinghong]] ([[User talk:Wu Yinghong|talk]]) 12:26, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴映红 Wú Yìnghóng 日语语言文学 女 202120081530==&lt;br /&gt;
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因相传月宫中有蟾蜍，故称。又暗用“蟾宫折桂”的成语。晋·郤诜获得举贤良方正对策第一名后，对晋武帝说：“臣举贤良对策，为天下第一，犹桂林之一枝，若昆山之片玉。”(事见晋·王隐《晋书》、通行本《晋书·郤诜It is said that there are toads in the Moon Palace, so it is called. And secretly use the idiom &amp;quot;toad palace wins laurel&amp;quot;. After Jin Jiashen won the first place in the selection of virtuous and upright countermeasures, he said to Emperor Wu of Jin: &amp;quot;the minister's selection of virtuous and upright countermeasures is the first in the world. It is still one branch of Guilin and like a piece of jade in Kunshan.&amp;quot; (see Jin Shu by Wang Yin and the current book Jin Shu Jiashen Biography)&lt;br /&gt;
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According to legend, there are toads in the moon palace, for which the name was given. People also used the idiom &amp;quot;Toad Hall wins the prize&amp;quot;. After winning the first prize, Jin Zhenshen said to emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, &amp;quot;The wise and virtuous policy is the best in the world, one of the branches of the Jugui forest, like the piece of jade in Kunshan.&amp;quot; (Things see Jin wang Hidden &amp;quot;Jin shu&amp;quot;, the introduction of this &amp;quot;Jin Shu · zhenxian”--[[User:Xiao Yiyao|Xiao Yiyao]] ([[User talk:Xiao Yiyao|talk]]) 16:28, 3 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531==&lt;br /&gt;
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唐人将“折桂”之“桂”傅会为神话传说中月宫之“桂”，遂产生了“蟾宫折挂”这一成语。事见宋·叶唐人将“折桂”之“桂”傅会为神话传说中月宫之“桂”，遂产生了“蟾宫折挂”这一成语。事见宋·叶梦得《避暑录话》卷下：“世以登科为‘折桂’，此谓郤诜对策东堂，自云‘桂林一枝’也。自唐以来用之……其后以月中有桂，故又谓之‘月桂’。&lt;br /&gt;
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People in Tang Dynasty considered the word “桂 “ in “折桂” referred to cinnamon of the moon palace in Chinese mythologies, and then “Chan Gong Zhe Gui ” came into being, which meant obtaining a high degree. According to “Summer Record” by Ye Mengde: People regarded succeeding in the Imperial Examination as “Zhe Gui”, and it originated in that Xi Shen called himself as a branch of cinnamon in the cinnamon forest when facing the emperor in his imperial test. Since Tang Dynasty, the word was used widely. Because there are cinnamon in moon based on the mythology, then it was also called laurel.--[[User:Xiao Yiyao|Xiao Yiyao]] ([[User talk:Xiao Yiyao|talk]]) 10:42, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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People in Tang Dynasty considered the word “cinnamon “ in “plucking cinnamon” referred to cinnamon of the moon palace in Chinese mythologies, and then “plucking cinnamon in the toad palace ” came into being, which meant obtaining a high degree in the imperial examination. According to “Summer Record” by Ye Mengde: People regarded succeeding in the Imperial Examination as “plucking cinnamon”, and it originated in that Xi Shen called himself as a branch of cinnamon in the cinnamon forest when facing the emperor in his imperial test. Since Tang Dynasty, the word was used widely. Because there are cinnamon in moon based on the mythology, then it was also called laurel.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Xie Jiafen|Xie Jiafen]] ([[User talk:Xie Jiafen|talk]]) 00:57, 5 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532==&lt;br /&gt;
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而月中又言有蟾，故又改桂为蟾，以登科为‘登蟾宫’。”参见第九回“蟾宫折桂”注。 玉人：美人。这里暗指娇杏。&lt;br /&gt;
而月中又言有蟾，故又改桂为蟾，以登科为‘登蟾宫’。”参见第九回“蟾宫折桂”注。 玉人：美人。这里暗指娇杏。&lt;br /&gt;
In the middle of the moon, it was said that there were toads, so it was changed from cinnamon to toad and &amp;quot;passing civil examinations&amp;quot; is thought as &amp;quot;entering the toad palace&amp;quot;. we can see the ninth note &amp;quot;pluck cinnamon flowers in the Palace of the Toad&amp;quot;. Jade man: beauty. This implies Lucky.--[[User:Xie Jiafen|Xie Jiafen]] ([[User talk:Xie Jiafen|talk]]) 05:41, 30 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢庆琳 Xiè Qìnglín 俄语语言文学 女 202120081533==&lt;br /&gt;
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此联是贾雨村借月光而隐寓两层意思：一是希望自己能像月光那样到楼上去看他倾心的娇杏；二是企盼自己一旦金榜题名，必定先向娇杏求婚。&lt;br /&gt;
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==熊敏 Xióng Mǐn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081534==&lt;br /&gt;
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“玉在”一联──玉在椟中求善价：典出《论语·子罕》：“子贡曰：‘有美玉于斯，韫椟而藏诸？求善贾而沽诸？’子曰：‘沽之哉，沽之哉！我待贾者也。’”&lt;br /&gt;
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==徐敏赟 Xú Mǐnyūn 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 男 202120081535==&lt;br /&gt;
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(斯：此，这里。韫椟：收藏在柜子或木匣里。贾：一说为商人，一说通“价”，皆通。沽：出售，卖掉。)后人即以“椟玉”、“椟藏”或“待贾而沽”、“待贾沽”、“待贾”、“待沽”等来比喻怀才待用或待时出山的人。 &lt;br /&gt;
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==颜静 Yán Jìng 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 女 202120081536==&lt;br /&gt;
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钗于奁内待时飞：典出汉·郭宪《洞冥记》卷二：汉武帝元鼎元年，宫中起造招仙阁，有神女以玉钗赠汉武帝，帝赐与赵婕妤。至汉昭帝元凤年间，宫人欲毁之，将匣子打开时，玉钗化白燕飞去。这里的意思与“玉在椟中求善价”相同。&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;The hairpin in the toilet box is waiting to fly&amp;quot; comes from the book of ''The Nether World'' by Guo Xian of the Han Dynasty Volume 2: in the first year of the Yuan Ding of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the palace started to build the Zhaoxian Pavilion. A goddess presented a jade hairpin to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and the Emperor gave it to Zhao Jieyu. During the reign of emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty, when the palace people wanted to destroy it, they opened the box, and the jade hairpin turned into a white swallow and flew away. The meaning here is the same as &amp;quot;the jade in the pot is seeking for good price&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜莉莉 Yán Lìlì 国别 女 202120081537==&lt;br /&gt;
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此联表明贾雨村雄心勃勃，信心十足，以为自己犹如椟中之玉、匣中之钗，虽然暂时落魄，将来定能仕途得意，飞黄腾达。&lt;br /&gt;
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This part shows that Jia Yucun is ambitious and confident. He feels like a jade and hairpin in a box. Although he is down and out for the time being, he will be successful in his career in the future.&lt;br /&gt;
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Although temporarily depressed, he will be able to be successful in his official career in the future.--[[User:Yan Zihan|Yan Zihan]] ([[User talk:Yan Zihan|talk]]) 08:25, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜子涵 Yán Zǐhán 国别 女 202120081538==&lt;br /&gt;
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芹意──谦词。典出《列子·杨朱》：从前有人觉得芹菜味美，即向乡绅推荐并称赞，乡绅一尝，味道却很差，胃里也不舒服，在场的人都抱怨他，使他十分羞惭。&lt;br /&gt;
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Meager affection — modest words. From ''Liezi Yangzhu '': Once upon a time, someone thought celery was delicious, and then recommended it to the squire and praised it. When the squire tasted it, the squire tasted it, but he felt terrible and uncomfortable in his stomach. Everyone present complained about him, which made him very ashamed.--[[User:Yan Zihan|Yan Zihan]] ([[User talk:Yan Zihan|talk]]) 08:22, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==阳佳颖 Yáng Jiāyǐng 国别 女 202120081540==&lt;br /&gt;
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后即以“芹意”、“芹献”、“献芹”、“芹曝”、“献曝”、“美芹”等代称菲薄的礼物。飞觥(gōng功)献斝(jiǎ假)──形容酒席间频频举杯、互相劝饮的热闹景象。觥、斝：是古代的两种酒器，这里泛指酒杯。&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨爱江 Yáng Àijiāng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081541==&lt;br /&gt;
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飞觥：挥舞酒杯。献斝：本义为酒席上行酒令规定的饮酒杯数，这里引申为劝饮。“时逢三五”一诗──三五：十五日。&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨堃 Yáng Kūn 法语语言文学 女 202120081542==&lt;br /&gt;
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这里指农历八月十五日中秋节。 满把清光：形容月光皎洁而明亮。 护玉栏：玉雕栏杆沐浴在月光之中。&lt;br /&gt;
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The fifteenth refers to the Mid Autumn Festival on August 15th of the lunar calendar. The full moonlight: described the moonlight as bright and pure. Bathing jade balustrades: it refers to the jade balustrades bathed in the moonlight.--[[User:Yang Kun|Yang Kun]] ([[User talk:Yang Kun|talk]]) 06:51, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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It refers to the Mid Autumn Festival on August 15th of the lunar calendar. The full moonlight: describing the moonlight as bright and clear. Bathing jade balustrades: the jade balustrades is bathed in the moonlight.--[[User:Yang Liuqing|Yang Liuqing]] ([[User talk:Yang Liuqing|talk]]) 08:36, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨柳青 Yáng Liǔqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081543==&lt;br /&gt;
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此诗表示贾雨村的雄心壮志，即希望自己像高高在上的中秋之月，令万人仰慕。这是贾雨村仕途得意、飞黄腾达的预兆。“飞腾”两句──飞腾：飞黄腾达。接履：义同“接踵”。接二连三、接连不断之意。意谓将不断高升。&lt;br /&gt;
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This poem shows Jia Yuncun's ambition to be admired by thousands of people like the mid-autumn moon hanging high in the sky. This is the omen of his bright official acreer and great success in future. “Fly swiftly upward” means achieving success in one’s career. “Follow heels”  symbolically means one after and another and here it means being promoted in career continually.--[[User:Yang Liuqing|Yang Liuqing]] ([[User talk:Yang Liuqing|talk]]) 12:12, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==叶维杰 Yè Wéijié 国别 男 202120081544==&lt;br /&gt;
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云霄：比喻高官显宦。这两句是说贾雨村的即兴诗就是其仕途得意、飞黄腾达的预兆。大比──隋、唐以后科举考试的泛称。以其为全国考生参加的考试，故称。&lt;br /&gt;
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==易扬帆 Yì Yángfān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081545==&lt;br /&gt;
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这里指最高一级的会试。明、清时代的科举考试每三年举行一轮，分为三级：头一年为院考，考生为府、县童生，考取者为生员，通称秀才；次年为乡试，考生为一省的生员(秀才)和在国子监肄业的监生，考取者为举人；&lt;br /&gt;
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This refers to the highest level of the examination. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the imperial examinations were held every three years and were divided into three levels: the first year was the examination, in which the candidates were child students of the prefecture or county, and those who took the examination were student members, commonly known as xiucai; the following year was the examination for the countryside, in which the candidates were student members of a province (xiucai) and students who had completed their studies at the Guozhijian, and those who took the examination were juren.--[[User:Yi Yangfan|Yi Yangfan]] ([[User talk:Yi Yangfan|talk]]) 09:58, 2 December 2021 (UTC)Yi Yangfan&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷慧珍 Yīn Huìzhēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081546==&lt;br /&gt;
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第三年为会试，考生为全国的举人，考取者为贡士，贡士再经殿试考中者为进士。春闱一捷──这里指考取进士。春闱：指会试。以其在春天举行，故称。&lt;br /&gt;
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The third year held the metropolitan examination, and the candidates were first- degree scholars all over the country. Candidates who passed the examination were second-degree scholars, and then those who passed the final imperial examination were imperial scholars. 春闱一捷──which refer to the success of passing the final imperial examination and becoming the imperial scholars. 春闱 means metropolitan examination, because it was held in spring. --[[User:Yin Huizhen|Yin Huizhen]] ([[User talk:Yin Huizhen|talk]]) 11:04, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The metropolitan examination was held on the third year, and the candidates were Juren,the first- degree scholars all over the country. Whoever passed the examination became Gongshi &lt;br /&gt;
the second-degree scholars, and finally Jinshi, the imperial scholar. A success in Chunwei── refers to the passing of the final imperial examination and becoming the imperial scholar. Chunwei, the metropolitan examination, gained its name for being held in spring.--[[User:Yin Meida|Yin Meida]] ([[User talk:Yin Meida|talk]]) 15:41, 3 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷美达 Yīn Měidá 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081547==&lt;br /&gt;
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闱：这里指科举考试的考场。捷：本义为战胜、成功，引申为科举及第。黄道之期──即黄道之日。指六吉辰值日之日。《协纪辨方书·卷七·黄道黑道》)&lt;br /&gt;
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Wei refers to the place for imperial examination. Jie originally means success or triumph, and extends to passing an imperial exam. The dies faustus, also called an auspicious day, is the time when the six lucky gods are on their duties. ''The Book of Coordinating and Distinguishing Climatic,Geographical and Human Conditions·Roll Seven·Auspicious Day and Ominous Day''--[[User:Yin Meida|Yin Meida]] ([[User talk:Yin Meida|talk]]) 15:10, 3 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==尹媛 Yǐn Yuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081548==&lt;br /&gt;
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称：青龙、明堂、金匮、天德、玉堂、司命等六辰为吉神，此六辰值日的日子，诸事皆吉，故称 “黄道吉日”。投谒(yè叶)──本义为投递名帖求见。这里引申为持荐书投拜，以期关照。&lt;br /&gt;
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It is said that Green Dragon, Bright Hall, Golden Chamber., Day Virtue, Jade Hall, the God of Ciming this six gods symbol goodness. When they are on duty, all things are auspicious, it says &amp;quot;the auspicious and lucky day&amp;quot;. Touye——its the original meaning is to deliver the name to see. Here its meaning extended to hand in the testimonial to worship, with the wish to be cared.--[[User:Yin Yuan|Yin Yuan]] ([[User talk:Yin Yuan|talk]]) 15:34, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==詹若萱 Zhān Ruòxuān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081549==&lt;br /&gt;
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谒：晋见。黑道──“黑道日”的略称。六凶辰值日之日诸事皆凶，故称“黑道日”。见《协纪辨方书·卷七·黄道黑道》：“天刑、朱雀、白虎、天牢、玄武、勾陈者，月中黑道也。&lt;br /&gt;
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==张秋怡 Zhāng Qiūyí 亚非语言文学 女 202120081550==&lt;br /&gt;
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所理之方，所值之日，皆不可兴土功、营屋舍、移徙、远行、嫁娶、出军。”社火花灯──这里指元宵节表演各种杂耍，张挂各种灯笼。 &lt;br /&gt;
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==张扬 Zhāng Yáng 国别 男 202120081551==&lt;br /&gt;
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社火：逢年过节百姓举行酬神赛会，表演各种杂耍，以示庆贺，并兼娱乐。 社：土地社。引申以泛指神。鹑(chú n纯)衣──典出《荀子·大略》：“子夏贫，衣若县鹑。”(县：通“悬”。)&lt;br /&gt;
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SheHuo(社火): on every New Year's festivals, people hold big rallies for pilgrimage and perform various acrobatics to celebrate and entertain. She(社): Land agency. Extended to refer to God in general. Quail(&amp;quot;鹑&amp;quot;chú n equals &amp;quot;纯&amp;quot;) clothes - comes from ''Xunzi: The Outline'': &amp;quot;Zi Xia is poor, and his clothes are like hanging(县) quails.&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;县&amp;quot;xian equals &amp;quot;悬&amp;quot;xuan.)--[[User:Zhang Yang|Zhang Yang]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yang|talk]]) 15:12, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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SheHuo(社火): on every New Year's festivals, people hold big rallies for pilgrimage and perform various acrobatics to celebrate and entertain. She(社): Land agency. Extended to refer to God in general. Quail(&amp;quot;鹑&amp;quot;chú n equals &amp;quot;纯&amp;quot;) clothes - comes from ''Xunzi: The Outline'': &amp;quot;Zi Xia is poor, and his clothes are like hanging(县) quails.&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;县&amp;quot;xian equals &amp;quot;悬&amp;quot;xuan.)--[[User:Zhang Yiran|Zhang Yiran]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yiran|talk]]) 01:57, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张怡然 Zhāng Yírán 俄语语言文学 女 202120081552==&lt;br /&gt;
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比喻破烂的衣服。因鹌鹑羽稀秃尾，十分难看，故以为喻。笏满床──典出《旧唐书·崔神庆传》：“开元中，神庆子琳等皆至大官，群从数十人，趋奏省闼。每岁时家宴，以一榻置笏，重叠于其上。”&lt;br /&gt;
A metaphor for tattered clothes. It is used as a metaphor for a quail's sparse feathers and bald tail, which is very unsightly. The bed was full of wats（笏满床）- from &amp;quot;The Old Book of Tang - Cui Shenqing&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;In the middle of Kaiyuan, Shenqing's sons, Lin and others, were all great officials, with dozens of people from the group, and tended to play the provincial office. Whenever there was a family banquet, a couch was placed with wats overlapping on it.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zhang Yiran|Zhang Yiran]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yiran|talk]]) 01:52, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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A metaphor for ragged clothes. It is used as a metaphor for a quail's sparse feathers and bald tail, which is very uncomely. The bed was full of wat boards- from &amp;quot;The Old Book of Tang - Cui Shenqing&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;In the middle of Kaiyuan, Shenqing's sons, Lin and others, were all great officials, with dozens of people from the group, and tended to play the provincial office. Whenever there was a family banquet, a couch was placed with wats overlapping on it.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 08:23, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟义菲 Zhōng Yìfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081553==&lt;br /&gt;
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形容满门为官。 笏：亦名“手板”。是旧时朝臣上朝时手持的一种狭长板子，以象牙或木、竹制成，上面可以记事备忘。&lt;br /&gt;
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Describe all people in a house as officials. Wat board: also known as &amp;quot;hand board&amp;quot;. It is a long and narrow board held by the old courtiers when they went to the court. It is made of ivory, wood and bamboo. You can keep notes on it.--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 01:50, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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It means that the whole family are officials. Scepter board: also known as “hand board”, which is a long and narrow tablet held before the breast by officials when received in audience by the emperor. It is made of ivory, wood and bamboo. People can keep notes on it to remember things.--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 08:05, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟雨露 Zhōng Yǔlù 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081554==&lt;br /&gt;
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陇头──坟头。 陇：通“垄”。坟墓。《礼记·曲礼上》：“适墓不登垄。”郑玄注：“垄，冢也。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Long Tou—tomb. Long(陇)—similar to Long(垄)，the grave. Quli in the Book of Rites:“Don’t climb to the grave.” Zheng Xuan annotates:“Long, a grave.”--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 07:48, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Long Tou— the tomb. Long(陇)— the same as Long(垄)，the grave. Quli in the Book of Rites:“Don’t climb to the grave when you exactly see the grave.” Zheng Xuan annotates:“Long, a grave.”--[[User:Zhou Jiu|Zhou Jiu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Jiu|talk]]) 08:32, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周玖 Zhōu Jiǔ 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081555==&lt;br /&gt;
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强梁──典出《墨子·鲁问》：“譬有人于此，其子强梁不材，故其父笞之，其邻家之父举木而击之。”原指为人强横凶暴，胡作非为。引申为强盗。&lt;br /&gt;
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Qing Liang—derives from Mo Zi: “ For example, there is a man whose son is cruel and unpromising. Therefore, his father beats him, and the neighbor’s father also raised a stick and struck him.” It originally means one is cruel ferocious and commit any outrages. Extension for the bandit.--[[User:Zhou Jiu|Zhou Jiu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Jiu|talk]]) 07:26, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Qiang Liang-derives from ''Mo-tse: Lu's questions'':&amp;quot;For instance, there is a son who is too strong to be useful. The father teaches him by whipping him with a bamboo stick. When the old man next door saw this, he raised his stick and beat the son severely.&amp;quot; The word originally refers to people who are very violent and commit many outrages. Later it was extended to mean robber. --[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 07:56, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:Example.jpg]]==周俊辉 Zhōu Jùnhuī 法语语言文学 女 202120081556==&lt;br /&gt;
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择膏粱──意谓挑选富贵人家的子弟做女婿。 膏粱：“膏粱子弟”的略称。意谓吃肉类和细粮(泛指精美食物)人家的子弟。&lt;br /&gt;
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To choose a rich fatty diet means to choose the son of a rich man as a son-in-law. Rich fatty meals: Abbreviation for &amp;quot;the son of a rich and important family&amp;quot;. It means the children of rich family who eat meat and fine grains （generally refers to exquisite food).&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 07:24, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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“择膏梁” means choosing a son-in-law from a rich family. 膏梁: the abbrevation of &amp;quot;膏梁子弟&amp;quot;. It means the children of family who eat meat and fine grain (generally referring to delicate food).--[[User:Zhou Qiao1|Zhou Qiao1]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qiao1|talk]]) 06:27, 30 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周巧 Zhōu Qiǎo 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081557==&lt;br /&gt;
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泛指富贵人家的子弟。“因嫌”二句──嫌纱帽小：意谓嫌官小。纱帽：旧时纱制的官帽。&lt;br /&gt;
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It generally refers to the children of wealthy parents. The phrase &amp;quot;因嫌&amp;quot; is unsatisfied with the small gauze hat, which denotes the petty officials. The gauze hat: an official hat made of  yarn in ancient.--[[User:Zhou Qiao1|Zhou Qiao1]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qiao1|talk]]) 06:15, 30 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Refers to the children of wealthy families in general. &amp;quot;Therefore, discontent&amp;quot; the two words mean that the yarn hat is too small, and it is a metaphor that the official is too small. Yarn Hat: An official hat made of yarn in the old days.--[[User:Zhou Qing|Zhou Qing]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qing|talk]]) 02:05, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周清 Zhōu Qīng 法语语言文学 女 202120081558==&lt;br /&gt;
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锁枷扛：泛指犯罪坐牢。 锁枷：两种刑具。 这两句是说因嫌官小而贪赃枉法，以致犯罪入狱，披枷戴锁。&lt;br /&gt;
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Shackle uplift: refers to jail for crimes in general. Shackles: Two types of instruments of torture. These two sentences mean that because of the petty officials, they were corrupt and broke the law, leading to crimes and imprisonment.&lt;br /&gt;
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Shackle uplift: refers to jail for crimes in general. Shackles: Two types of torture instruments. These two sentences mean that because of the low post , they were corrupt and broke the law, spending the rest of their life in a prison in chains.--[[User:Zhou Xiaoxue|Zhou Xiaoxue]] ([[User talk:Zhou Xiaoxue|talk]]) 08:45, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周小雪 Zhōu Xiǎoxuě 日语语言文学 女 202120081559==&lt;br /&gt;
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“昨怜”二句──紫蟒：绣蟒紫袍。以其为旧时高官之礼服，故借喻高官。 这两句是说从贫穷到富贵只是转眼间的事。喻世事变幻无常。&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;Yesterday's pity&amp;quot; -These two sentences mean that from poverty to rich is only a matter of time. It refers to the impermanence of life.&lt;br /&gt;
purple python ：the purple embroidered robe.Ancient official dress, here refers to the high official.--[[User:Zhou Xiaoxue|Zhou Xiaoxue]] ([[User talk:Zhou Xiaoxue|talk]]) 08:32, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==朱素珍 Zhū Sùzhēn 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081561==&lt;br /&gt;
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反认他乡是故乡──意谓人生在世，不过是匆匆过客，而人们却当作了自己的故乡，以至忙忙碌碌，争名夺利。等到呜呼哀哉，还是赤条条一身而去。所以下文说“甚荒唐，到头来，都是为他人作嫁衣裳”。&lt;br /&gt;
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==邹岳丽 Zōu Yuèlí 日语语言文学 女 202120081562==&lt;br /&gt;
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面善──面熟。 善：熟悉，知道，了解。《礼记·学记》：“不陵节而施之谓孙(逊)，相观而善之谓摩。”孔颖达疏：“善，犹解也。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Good face - familiar face. Good: familiar, knowing, understanding. 《The book of rites · Student reporters 》: &amp;quot;Teaching without exceeding students' acceptance is called &amp;quot;step by step&amp;quot;. Seeing each other's (works) and feeling good, learning from each other is called &amp;quot;&amp;quot; Kong yingdashu said: &amp;quot;if you are good, you still understand.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zou Yueli|Zou Yueli]] ([[User talk:Zou Yueli|talk]]) 15:33, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Nadia 202011080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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贾夫人仙逝扬州城，冷子兴演说荣国府&lt;br /&gt;
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==Mahzad Heydarian 玛莎 202021080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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却说封肃听见公差传唤，忙出来陪笑启问。&lt;br /&gt;
When Zhen Shiyin's father-in-law Feng Su heard the government's servants call him, he quickly came out and greeted them with a smile.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Mariam toure 2020GBJ002301==&lt;br /&gt;
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那些人只嚷：“快请出甄爷来！”&lt;br /&gt;
Those people just yelled: &amp;quot;Please come out, Master Zhen!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Rouabah Soumaya 202121080001==&lt;br /&gt;
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封肃忙陪笑道：“小人姓封，并不姓甄。&lt;br /&gt;
Feng Su hurriedly laughed and said, &amp;quot;The villain's surname is Feng, not Zhen.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Numan 202121080002==&lt;br /&gt;
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只有当日小婿姓甄，今已出家一二年了。&lt;br /&gt;
Only the youngest son-in-law, Chen, has been married for 12 years.--[[User:Atta Ur Rahman|Atta Ur Rahman]] ([[User talk:Atta Ur Rahman|talk]]) 12:13, 30 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Atta Ur Rahman 202121080003==&lt;br /&gt;
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不知可是问他？”&lt;br /&gt;
I don't know, but can you ask him?&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Saqib Mehran 202121080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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那些公人道：“我们也不知什么真假，既是你的女婿，就带了你去面禀太爷便了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==Zohaib Chand 202121080005==&lt;br /&gt;
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大家把封肃推拥而去。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Jawad Ahmad 202121080006==&lt;br /&gt;
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封家各各惊慌，不知何事。&lt;br /&gt;
English: Feng's family were all very frightened. They didn't know what had happened&lt;br /&gt;
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==Nizam Uddin 202121080007==&lt;br /&gt;
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至二更时分，封肃方回来。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Öncü 202121080008==&lt;br /&gt;
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众人忙问端的，他说道：“原来新任太爷姓贾名化，本湖州人氏，曾与女婿旧交。&lt;br /&gt;
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Everyone hurriedly asked the whole of questions, he said: &amp;quot;Actually new appoint of a district magistrate&amp;quot;  he names Hua Jia，Born in Huzhou，have an old relationship with daughter husband.--[[User:AkiraJantarat|AkiraJantarat]] ([[User talk:AkiraJantarat|talk]]) 07:00, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Akira Jantarat 202121080009==&lt;br /&gt;
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因在我家门首看见娇杏丫头买线，只说女婿移住此间，所以来传。&lt;br /&gt;
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Because I saw Jiao Xing buying silk. She said that her husband would move to live in this area. So come to tell you.--[[User:AkiraJantarat|AkiraJantarat]] ([[User talk:AkiraJantarat|talk]]) 06:58, 4 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Benjamin Wellsand 202111080118==&lt;br /&gt;
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我将缘故回明，那太爷感伤叹息了一回。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Asep Budiman 202111080020==&lt;br /&gt;
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又问外孙女儿，我说看灯丢了。&lt;br /&gt;
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I asked my grandson's daughter again, and I said that I lost the light.--Ei Mon Kyaw[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 14:57, 2 December 2021 (UTC)--[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 14:57, 2 December 2021 (UTC)Ei Mon Kyaw&lt;br /&gt;
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==Ei Mon Kyaw 202111080021==&lt;br /&gt;
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太爷说：‘不妨，待我差人去，务必找寻回来。’&lt;br /&gt;
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The grandfather said: ‘May be, when I send someone, you must find it back.’--[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 06:59, 1 December 2021 (UTC)Ei Mon Kyaw-Ei Mon Kyaw-[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 06:59, 1 December 2021 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_Trans_EN_9&amp;diff=128848</id>
		<title>Machine Trans EN 9</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_Trans_EN_9&amp;diff=128848"/>
		<updated>2021-12-03T10:42:36Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
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30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''9 谢佳芬（人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译）'''&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of information technology, many industries are facing the competitive pressure of artificial intelligence, and so is the field of translation. Artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and combined with the field of translation，which has brought great impact and changes to traditional translation, but artificial intelligence translation and artificial translation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Artificial translation is in the leading position in adapting to human language logical habits and understanding characteristics, but in terms of translation threshold and economic value, the efficiency of artificial intelligence translation is even better. In a word, we need to know that machine translation and human translation are complementary rather than antagonistic.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Key Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Artificial Translation; Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
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===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译&lt;br /&gt;
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===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
伴随着信息技术的不断发展，多个行业面临着人工智能的竞争压力，翻译领域也是如此。人工智能技术快速发展并与翻译领域结合，人工智能翻译给传统翻译带来了巨大的冲击和变革，但人工智能翻译与人工翻译存在着各自的优劣特点和发展空间，在适应人类语言逻辑习惯和理解特点的翻译效果上，人工翻译处于领先地位，但在翻译门槛和经济价值上，人工智能翻译的效率则更胜一筹。总的来说，我们要知道机器翻译与人工翻译是互补而非对立的关系。&lt;br /&gt;
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===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译;人工翻译;人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
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===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
====1.1 The History of Machine Translation Aborad====&lt;br /&gt;
The research history of machine translation can be traced back to the 1930s and 1940s. In the early 1930s, the French scientist G.B. Alchuni put forward the idea of using machines for translation. In 1933, the Soviet inventor Troyansky designed a machine to translate one language into another. [1]In 1946, the world's first modern electronic computer ENIAC was born. Soon after, American scientist Warren Weaver, a pioneer of information theory, put forward the idea of automatic language translation by computer in 1947. In 1949, Warren Weaver published a memorandum entitled Translation, which formally raised the issue of machine translation. In 1954, Georgetown University, with the cooperation of IBM, completed the English-Russian machine translation experiment with IBM-701 computer for the first time, which opened the prelude of machine translation research. [2] In 2006, Google translation was officially released as a free service software, bringing a big upsurge of statistical machine translation research. It was Franz Och who joined Google in 2004 and led Google translation. What’s more, it is precisely because of the unremitting efforts of generations of scientists that science fiction has been brought into reality step by step.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2 The History of Machine Translation in China====&lt;br /&gt;
In 1956, the research and development of machine translation has been named in the scientific and technological work and made little achievements in China. On the eve of the tenth anniversary of the National Day in 1959, our country successfully carried out experiments, which translated nine different types of complicated sentences on large general-purpose electronic computers. The dictionary includes 2030 entries, and the grammar rule system consists of 29 circuit diagrams. [3]. After a period of stagnation, China's machine translation ushered in a high-speed development stage after the 1980s in the wave of the third scientific and technological revolution. With the rapid development of economy and science and technology, China has made a qualitative leap in the field of machine translation research with the pace of reform and opening up. In 1978, Institute of Scientific and Technological Information of China, Institute of Computing Technology and Institute of Linguistics carried out an English-Chinese translation experiment with 20 Metallurgical Title examples as the objects and achieved satisfactory results. Subsequently, they developed a JYE-I machine translation system, which based on 200 sentences from metallurgical documents. Its principles and methods were also widely used in the machine translation system developed in the future. In addition, the research achievements of machine translation in China during the 1980s and 1990s also include that Institute of Post and Telecommunication Sciences developed a machine translation system, C Retrieval and automatic typesetting system with good performance and strong practicability in October 1986; In 1988, ISTC launched the ISTIC-I English-Chinese Title System for the translation of applied literature of metallurgy, Information Research Institute of Railway developed an English-Chinese Title Recording machine translation system for railway documents; the Language Institute of the Academy of Social Sciences developed &amp;quot;Tianyu&amp;quot; English-Chinese machine translation system and Matr English-Chinese machine translation system developed by the computer department of National University of Defense Technology. After many explorations and studies, machine translation in China has gradually moved towards application, popularization and commercialization. China Software Technology Corporation launched &amp;quot;Yixing I&amp;quot; in 1988, marking China's machine translation system officially going to the market. After &amp;quot;Yixing&amp;quot;, a series of machine translation systems such as Gaoli system in Beijing, Tongyi system in Tianjin and Langwei system in Shaanxi have also entered the public. In the 21st century, the development of a series of apps such as Kingsoft Powerword, Youdao translation and Baidu translation has greatly met the needs of ordinary users for translation. According to the working principle, machine translation has roughly experienced three stages: rule-based machine translation, statistics-based machine translation and deep learning based neural machine translation. [4] These three stages witnessed a leap in the quality of machine translation. Machine translation is more and more used in daily life and even the translation of some texts is almost comparable to artificial translation. In addition to text translation, voice translation, photo translation and other functions have also been listed, which provides great convenience for people's life. It is undeniable that machine translation has become the development trend of translation in the future.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.3 The Status Quo of Machine Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
In this big data era of information explosion, the prospect of machine translation is also bright. At present, the circular neural network system launched by Google has supported universal translation in more than 60 languages. Many Internet companies such as Microsoft Bing, Sogou, Tencent, Baidu and NetEase Youdao have also launched their own Internet free machine translation systems. [5] Users can obtain translation results free of charge by logging in to the corresponding websites. At present, the circular neural network translation system launched by Google can support real-time translation of more than 60 languages, and the domestic Baidu online machine translation system can also support real-time translation of 28 languages. These Internet online machine translation systems are suitable for a variety of terminal platforms such as mobile phone, PC, tablet and web and its functions are also quite diverse, supporting many translation forms, such as screen word selection, text scanning translation, photo translation, offline translation, web page translation and so on. Although its translation quality needs to be improved, it has been outstanding in the fields of daily dialogue, news translation and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
Generally speaking, machine translation has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, accurate term translation and great development potential and etc. Machine translation is fast and efficient, this is something that artificial translation can’t catch up with. In addition, with the continuous emergence of all kinds of translation software in the market, compared with artificial translation, machine translation is cheap and sometimes even free, which greatly saves the economic cost and time for users with low translation quality requirements. What's more, compared with artificial translation, machine translation has a huge corpus, which makes the translation of some terms, especially the latest scientific and technological terms, more rapid and accurate. The accurate translation of these terms requires the translator to constantly learn, but learning needs a process, which has a certain test on the translator's learning ability and learning speed. In this regard, artificial translation has uncertainty and hysteretic nature. At the same time, with the progress of science and technology and the development of society, the function of machine translation will be more perfect and the quality of translation will be better.Today's machine translation tools and software are easy to carry, all you need to do is just to use the software and electronic dictionary in the mobile phone. There is no need to carry paper dictionaries and books for translation, which saves time and space. At the same time, machine translation covers many fields and is suitable for translation practice in different situations, such as academic, education, commercial trade, social networking, tourism, production technology, etc, it is also easy to deal with various professional terms. However, due to the limitation of translators' own knowledge, artificial translation is often limited to one or a few fields or industries. For example, it is difficult for an interpreter specializing in medical English to translate legal English.&lt;br /&gt;
At the same time, machine translation also has its limitations. At first, machine can only operate word to word translation, which only plays the function and role of dictionary. Then, the application of syntax enables the process of sentence translation and it can be solved by using the direct translation method. When the original text and the target language are highly similar, it can be translated directly. For example, the original text &amp;quot;他是个老师.&amp;quot; The target language is &amp;quot;he is a teacher &amp;quot;. With the increase of the structural complexity of the original text, the effect of machine translation is greatly reduced. Therefore, at the syntactic level, machine translation still stays in sentences with relatively simple structure. Meanwhile, the original text and the results of machine translation cannot be interchanged equally, indicating that English-Chinese translation has strong randomness, and is not rigorous and scientific enough. &lt;br /&gt;
Nowadays, machine translation is highly dependent on parallel corpora, but the construction of parallel corpora is not perfect. At present, the resources of some mainstream languages such as Chinese and English are relatively rich, while the data collection of many small languages is not satisfactory. Moreover, the current corpus is mainly concentrated in the fields of government literature, science and technology, current affairs and news, while there is a serious lack of data in other fields, which can’t reflect the advantages of machine translation. At the same time, corpus construction lags behind. Some informative texts introducing the latest cutting-edge research results often spread the latest academic knowledge and use a large number of new professional terms, such as academic papers and teaching materials while the corpus often lacks the corresponding words of the target language, which makes machine translation powerless&lt;br /&gt;
Besides, machine translation is not culturally sensitive. Human may never be able to program machines to understand and experience a particular culture. Different cultures have unique and different language systems, and machines do not have complexity to understand or recognize slang, jargon, puns and idioms. Therefore, their translation may not conform to cultural values and specific norms. This is also one of the challenges that the machine needs to overcome.[6] Artificial intelligence may have human abstract thinking ability in the future, but it is difficult to have image thinking ability including imagination and emotion. [7] Therefore, machine translation is often used in news, science and technology, patents, specifications and other text fields with the purpose of fact description, knowledge and information transmission. These words rarely involve emotional and cultural background. When translating expressive texts, the limitations of machine translation are exposed. The so-called expressive text refers to the text that pays attention to emotional expression and is full of imagination. Its main characteristics are subjectivity, emotion and imagination, such as novels, poetry, prose, art and so on. This kind of text attaches importance to the emotional expression of the author or character image, and uses a lot of metaphors, symbols and other expressions. Machine translation is difficult to catch up with artificial translation in this kind of text, it can only translate the main idea, lack of connotation and literary grace and it cannot have subjective feelings and rational analysis like human beings. In fact, it is not difficult to simulate the human brain, the difficulty is that it is impossible to learn from the rich social experience and life experience of excellent translators. In other words, machine translation lacks the personalization and creativity of human translation. It is this personalization and creativity that promote the development and evolution of language, and what machine translation can only output is mechanical &amp;quot;machine language&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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===3.The Irreplaceability of Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
====3.1 Translation is Constrained by Context====&lt;br /&gt;
At present, machine translation can help people deal with language communication in people's daily life and work, such as clothing, food, housing and transportation, but there is a big gap from the &amp;quot;faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance&amp;quot; emphasized by high-level translation. Language itself is art，which pays more attention to artistry than functionality, and the discipline of art is difficult to quantify and unify. Sometimes it is regular, rigorous, logical and clear, and sometimes it is random, free and logical. If it is translated by machine, it is difficult to grasp this degree. Sometimes, machine translation cannot connect words with contextual meaning. In many languages, the same word may have multiple completely unrelated meanings. In this case, context will have a great impact on word meaning, and the understanding of word meaning depends largely on the meaning read from context. Only human beings can combine words with context, determine their true meaning, and creatively adjust and modify the language to obtain a complete and accurate translation. This is undoubtedly very difficult for machine translation. Artificial translation can get rid of the constraints of the source language and translate the translation in line with the grammar, sentence patterns and word habits of the target language. In the process of translation, translators can use their own knowledge reserves to analyze the differences between the source language and the target language in thinking mode, cultural characteristics, social background, customs and habits, so as to translate a more accurate translation. Artificial translation can also add, delete, domesticate, modify and polish the translation according to the style, make up for the lack of culture, try to maintain the thought, artistic conception and charm of the original text and the style of the source language. In addition, translators can also judge and consider the words with multiple meanings or easy to produce ambiguity according to the context, so as to make the translation more clear and more accurate and improve the quality of the translation.&lt;br /&gt;
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===4. Discussion on the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===5.  Suggestions on the Combined Development of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
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===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
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===References===&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
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		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532 */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;Quicklinks: [[Introduction_to_Translation_Studies_2021|Back to course homepage]] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal#Frequently_asked_questions_FAQ FAQ]  [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal Manual] [[20210926_homework|Back to all homework webpages overview]] [[20220112_final_exam|final exam page]]&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈静 Chén Jìng 国别 女 202020080595==&lt;br /&gt;
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因本书即记述女娲炼石补天所剩的那块“顽石”幻化为贾宝玉在人间经历的故事，故称。饫(yù玉)甘餍(yàn厌)肥──意谓饱食美味佳肴。饫、餍：均为饱食之意。&lt;br /&gt;
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==蔡珠凤 Cài Zhūfèng 日语语言文学 女 202120081477==&lt;br /&gt;
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甘、肥：均指精美食品。蓬牖(yǒu友)茅椽(chuán船)──即茅草房屋。形容住屋简陋，生活清贫。&lt;br /&gt;
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Sweet and fat: both refer to exquisite food.  Canopies and rafters-- thatched house. It describes poor housing and hard life.&lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 14:44, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈惠妮 Chén Huìnī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081479==&lt;br /&gt;
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蓬、茅：都是野草。 牖：窗户。椽：纵向固定于檩条之上以支撑屋顶的木杠。绳床瓦灶──形容用具简陋，生活清贫。&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈湘琼 Chén Xiāngqióng 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081480==&lt;br /&gt;
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绳床：是一种用绳子将木板穿连而成并可折叠的简单坐具，故又称“交床”、“交椅”。以其学自胡人(古代中原人对北方游牧民族的称谓)，故亦称“胡床”。这里只是形容床铺简陋，并非实指绳床。&lt;br /&gt;
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Rope bed is a kind of collapsible sitting equipment being simply  made of rope and wood. It was also called “connection bed” or “connection chair” because people  used to connect rope and planks to make it. Besides，that kind of way was learned from Hu （nomadic people lived in northern ancient China） ，so it was called“Hu bed” too. In this place，“Hu ded” is only an adjective to describe the shabby bed rather than a real bed.--[[User:Chen Xiangqiong|Chen Xiangqiong]] ([[User talk:Chen Xiangqiong|talk]]) 06:26, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Rope bed: It is a kind of simple sitting apparatus that can be folded by stringing the wooden boards together, so it is also called &amp;quot;cross bed&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;cross chair&amp;quot;. Learned from the Hu (ancient Chinese people to the northern nomads), it is also known as &amp;quot;Hu bed&amp;quot;. Here is only to describe the bed is simple, not the actual rope bed.--[[User:Chen Xinyi|Chen Xinyi]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi|talk]]) 07:08, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈心怡 Chén Xīnyí 翻译学 女 202120081481==&lt;br /&gt;
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瓦灶：烧饭用的粗陶器和土灶台。女娲(wā蛙)氏炼石补天——上古神话传说，事见《列子·汤问》、《淮南子·览冥训》、《太平御览·卷七八·女娲氏》，略谓：相传女娲是伏羲之妹，兄妹结为夫妻，产生人类；&lt;br /&gt;
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Tile stove: a rough pottery and earthen stove used for burning rice. Nuwa legend’s refining stone to mend the sky - an ancient myth and legend, see ''Lie Zi - Tang Wen'', ''Huai Nan Zi - Lan Ming Xun'', ''Taiping Yu Lan - Volume 78 - Nuwa legend’s'', it is said that Nuwa was the younger sister of Fuxi, and the brother and sister became a couple to produce human beings.--[[User:Chen Xinyi|Chen Xinyi]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi|talk]]) 07:03, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==程杨 Chéng Yáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081482==&lt;br /&gt;
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女娲又以黄土造人，使人类大量增加。不料天崩地裂，大火熊熊，洪水泛滥，野兽横行，生民面临灭顶之灾。于是女娲挺身而出，炼五色石以补苍天，折四条鳌足以为天柱，才避免了这场浩劫。&lt;br /&gt;
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==丁旋 Dīng Xuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081483==&lt;br /&gt;
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大荒山──或本《山海经·大荒西经》：“大荒之中，有山名曰大荒之山，日月所出入……是谓大荒之野。”无稽崖──曹雪芹杜撰的地名。“大荒山无稽崖”寓荒诞无稽之谈。&lt;br /&gt;
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The Barren Mountain or ''The Classic of Mountains and Seas•Wild West Classic'', “In the wildness, there is a mountain named The Barren Mountain and a place called the Barren Wilderness where sun and moon rise and set.” The Ridiculous Cliff— a place name fabricated by Cao Xueqin. “The Barren Mountain and Ridiculous Cliff” means an absurd and fantastic talk.--[[User:Ding Xuan|Ding Xuan]] ([[User talk:Ding Xuan|talk]]) 07:42, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杜莉娜 Dù Lìnuó 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081484==&lt;br /&gt;
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青埂峰──曹雪芹杜撰的地名。其谐音为“情根”，寓贾宝玉的多情源于此。诗礼簪缨之族──意谓书香门第和官宦人家。&lt;br /&gt;
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==付红岩 Fù Hóngyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081485==&lt;br /&gt;
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诗礼：读诗书，讲礼义。簪缨：古代显贵的冠饰，代指官宦。簪：是一种条状饰物，用以固定头发或连接冠与发髻，兼有装饰作用。&lt;br /&gt;
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==付诗雨 Fù Shīyǔ 日语语言文学 女 202120081486==&lt;br /&gt;
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缨：帽带。花柳繁华地──意谓繁华游乐之地。花柳：游乐之地。&lt;br /&gt;
“缨”(Ying): bat ribbon. “花柳繁华地”(Hua liu fan hua di)——refers to the bustling amusement sections . “花柳”(Hua liu): amusement sections. --[[User:Fu Shiyu|Fu Shiyu]] ([[User talk:Fu Shiyu|talk]]) 09:22, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==高蜜 Gāo Mì 翻译学 女 202120081487==&lt;br /&gt;
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温柔富贵乡──典出汉·伶玄《赵飞燕外传》：“(皇)后德(樊)嬺计，是夜进合德。帝(汉成帝)大悦，以辅属体，无所不靡，谓为温柔乡。谓曰：‘吾老是乡矣，不能效武皇帝求白云乡也。’”(合德：赵飞燕之妹。)形容美女成群而又荣华富贵的环境。&lt;br /&gt;
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==宫博雅 Gōng Bóyǎ 俄语语言文学 女 202120081488==&lt;br /&gt;
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贾宝玉生长的贾府正是这样的环境。几世几劫——佛教用语。形容年代久远。 世：佛家将过去、现在、未来均称为“世”，故“几世”表示很长的时间。&lt;br /&gt;
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==何芩 Hé Qín 翻译学 女 202120081489==&lt;br /&gt;
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劫：佛家认为世界是一个不断毁灭与更生的过程，这样一个周期需要若干万年，谓之一“劫”，故“几劫”也表示很长的时间。偈(jì记)──佛教用语。本义为佛经中的颂词。引申为佛家诗。一般为四句，多富哲理或预言性。&lt;br /&gt;
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==胡舒情 Hú Shūqíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081490==&lt;br /&gt;
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“无才”一诗──倩(qiàn欠)：请，请求，恳求。此诗实为曹雪芹自况，即无意于为朝庭效力。野史──与“官史”、“正史”相对。&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄锦云 Huáng Jǐnyún 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081491==&lt;br /&gt;
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原指私人记载轶闻琐事的文字。引申以指小说之类的作品。文君──指卓文君。汉代临邛富翁卓王孙之女，容貌美丽，才学优长，而夫死寡居。&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄逸妍 Huáng Yìyán 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081492==&lt;br /&gt;
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司马相如饮于卓氏，以琴曲挑之，卓文君即与之私奔，遂为夫妻，以卖酒为生。事见《史记·司马相如列传》。子建──指曹植，字子建。三国魏武帝曹操第四子，著名才子。&lt;br /&gt;
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==曾俊霖 Zēng Jùnlín 国别 男 202120081493==&lt;br /&gt;
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《南史·谢灵运传》：“谢灵运曰：‘天下才共一石：曹子建独得八斗，我得一斗，自古及今共用一斗。’”遂有“八斗之才”的美誉。又《魏志》(见《太平御览》卷六○○引)：“文帝(曹丕)尝欲害植，以其无罪，令植七步为诗，若不成，加军法。&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄柱梁 Huáng Zhùliáng 国别 男 202120081493==&lt;br /&gt;
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植即应声曰：‘煮豆燃豆萁，豆在釜中泣。本是同根生，相煎何太急！’文帝善之。”(事又见南朝宋·刘义庆《世说新语·文学》，文字略异)遂又有“七步之才”的美誉。&lt;br /&gt;
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==金晓童 Jīn Xiǎotóng  202120081494==&lt;br /&gt;
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“从此”四句──是借空空道人的彻悟，以说明世界上的一切都是虚幻的。 空、色、情：都是佛教用语。&lt;br /&gt;
The four sentences &amp;quot;from now on&amp;quot; are to explain that everything in the world is illusory. Emptiness, form and emotion are all Buddhist terms.--[[User:Jin Xiaotong|Jin Xiaotong]] ([[User talk:Jin Xiaotong|talk]]) 14:29, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邝艳丽 Kuàng Yànl 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081495==&lt;br /&gt;
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佛家认为，“空”是世界的本质，所谓万物不过是因缘遇合，倏生倏灭，并非真实存在；“色”是人所看到的表相，并非真实的存在；“情”是人对世界产生的感受，更属主观意识，而非真实的物质。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李爱璇 Lǐ Àixuán 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081496==&lt;br /&gt;
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这就是佛家所谓“四大皆空”的“色空”观念，也即佛家主张禁欲主义的原因。《情僧录》──《红楼梦》的别名之一。因空空道人抄录此书而使之传世，并因看了此书而悟彻了空、色、情，故称。&lt;br /&gt;
This is the concept of &amp;quot;form and emptiness&amp;quot; in so-called &amp;quot;All the four elements are void &amp;quot; originated in Buddhism, that is, the reason why Buddhism advocates asceticism. &amp;quot;Ch'ing Tseng Lu&amp;quot; -- one of the nicknames of ''Dream of the Red Chamber''. K'ung K'ung, the Taoist, copied this book and handed it down to the world. After reading this book, he realized the emptiness, form and emotion, so he called himself Kongkong.--[[User:Li Aixuan|Li Aixuan]] ([[User talk:Li Aixuan|talk]]) 15:10, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李瑞洋 Lǐ Ruìyáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081497==&lt;br /&gt;
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作者欲借此书名，说明“情”的虚幻。《风月宝鉴》──《红楼梦》的别名之一。风月宝鉴是太虚幻境警幻仙姑所造的一面宝镜，从正面看到的是美人，从反面看到的是骷髅，隐寓美人即骷髅。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李姗 Lǐ Shān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081498==&lt;br /&gt;
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第十二回写贾瑞因贪看镜子的正面而丧命。作者以《风月宝鉴》为书名，是欲告诫人们要打破情关，跳出情海。故“甲戌本”凡例云：“《红楼梦》又曰《风月宝鉴》，是戒妄动风月之情。”(风月：指男女之情。)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李双 Lǐ Shuāng 翻译学 女 202120081499==&lt;br /&gt;
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《金陵十二钗》──《红楼梦》的别名之一。因本书主要是为林黛玉等十二位金陵籍女子(即太虚幻境“金陵十二钗正册”中的女子)立传，故称。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李文璇 Lǐ Wénxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081500==&lt;br /&gt;
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地陷东南──古代神话传说，见于《淮南子·天文训》记载：共工与颛顼争夺帝位，怒而触不周山，致使东南大地塌陷下沉，所以东南低而西北高。这里并无特别含意，只是下句所说姑苏在中国东南，顺便提及。&lt;br /&gt;
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Collapse in the Southeast， which is from the old mystery and legend. From the records of ''Huainan Zi-The Record of Astronomy'': Gonggong and Zhuan Xu (both are the legendary ruler) fought for the throne. Gongong was so angry that he hit the Mountain Buzhou, thus causing the southeast land to collapse and sink, which is the reason why the southeast are lower and northwest are higher. However, there are no special meaning, only to name a few since the following sentence has talked about Gushu. --[[User:Li Wenxuan|Li Wenxuan]] ([[User talk:Li Wenxuan|talk]]) 12:02, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李雯 Lǐ Wén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081501==&lt;br /&gt;
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西方──这里指佛家理想中的西方极乐世界，即所谓“佛国”，又称“西方净土”、“西方净国”、“西方世界”、‘极乐土’。《佛说阿弥陀经》：“从是西方，过十万亿佛土，有世界名曰极乐……彼土何故名为极乐？&lt;br /&gt;
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==李新星 Lǐ Xīnxīng 亚非语言文学 女 202120081503==&lt;br /&gt;
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其国众生无有众苦，但受诸乐，故名极乐。” 灵河——佛国中的河。佛经中说因龙住于河中，永不枯竭，故又称“龙泉”。一说指印度人称之为“圣水”的恒河。&lt;br /&gt;
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Living beings in his country have no suffering, but receive happiness, hence the name Of Happiness.&amp;quot; Ling River - the river in the Country of Buddhism. The Buddhist scriptures say that the dragon lives in the river and never dries up, so it is also called &amp;quot;Dragon Spring&amp;quot;. One refers to the Ganges, which Indians call &amp;quot;holy water&amp;quot;.--[[User:Li Xinxing|Li Xinxing]] ([[User talk:Li Xinxing|talk]]) 06:16, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李怡 Lǐ Yí 法语语言文学 女 202120081504==&lt;br /&gt;
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三生石──典出唐·袁郊《甘泽谣·圆观》：僧人圆观与友人李源同游三峡，见几个妇人在汲水，圆观对李源说：“其中孕妇姓王者，是某(我)托生之所。”并相约十二年后的中秋之夜在杭州天竺寺外相见。是夜圆观即死。&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘沛婷 Liú Pèitíng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081505==&lt;br /&gt;
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李源虽觉怪异，还是如期而至，只见一牧童高唱《竹枝词》曰：“三生石上旧精魂，赏月吟风不要论。惭愧情人远相访，此身虽异性长存。”李源才知圆观果已转生为牧童。“三生石”遂成为因缘前定的典故。&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘胜楠 Liú Shèngnán 翻译学 女 202120081506==&lt;br /&gt;
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曹雪芹顺手拈来，将其安在了灵河岸上。 三生：佛教用语。佛家认为人的灵魂不灭，轮回转世，每转生一次即为一生，故将前生、今生、来生谓之“三生”。&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘薇 Liú Wēi 国别 女 202120081507==&lt;br /&gt;
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绛珠仙草：为曹雪芹所杜撰，即林黛玉的前身。甘露──是一种特殊的露水。典出《老子》第三二章：“天地相合，以降甘露。”古人认为是天地的精华，故甘露降被视为太平的祥瑞。&lt;br /&gt;
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Jiang Zhu Xiancao: the predecessor of Lin Daiyu and was invented by Cao Xueqin. Manna is a special kind of dew.The 32nd chapter of ''Laozi''is quoted as follows:  &amp;quot;When the Yin and Yang of heaven and earth merge with each other, manna will come naturally. &amp;quot; The ancients believed that it was the essence of the heaven and the earth, so the befall of manna was regarded as a sign of peace and auspiciousness.  --[[User:Liu Wei|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei|talk]]) 05:15, 30 November 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘晓 Liú Xiǎo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081508==&lt;br /&gt;
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明·李时珍《本草纲目·水部一·甘露》(释文)引《瑞应图》：“甘露，美露也。神灵之精，仁瑞之泽，其凝如脂，其甘如饴，故有甘、膏、酒、浆之名。”&lt;br /&gt;
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From the chapter of &amp;quot;Water&amp;quot; in the ''Compendium of Materia Medica'' by Li Shizhen, a medical expert of the Ming dynasty, previously quoted from ''Ruiying Tu'', an illustrated scroll of auspicious objects: &amp;quot;Manna, the sweet dew or the beautiful dew, is a rare water with the auspicious essence of the divine dragon, condensed like fat and sweet as syrup, so it also has the name of sweet, cream, wine and pulp.&amp;quot;--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 08:04, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘越 Liú Yuè 亚非语言文学 女 202120081509==&lt;br /&gt;
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离恨天──民间传说谓：“三十三天，离恨天最高；四百四病，相思病最苦。”后即以“离恨天”比喻男女相恋而不能遂愿，抱恨终身的境地。曹雪芹加以利用，可谓恰到好处。&lt;br /&gt;
The Deep Hatred── folklore says: &amp;quot;thirty-three days, the deep hatred is the highest; four hundred and four kinds of sicknesses, lovesickness is the worst.&amp;quot; The latter refers to the situation of men and women falling in love and not being able to fulfill their wishes and regret for ever. Cao Xueqin to use, can be said to be just right.--[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 22:49, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘运心 Liú Yùnxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081510==&lt;br /&gt;
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秘情果、灌愁水──这是曹雪芹杜撰的，前者寓林黛玉对贾宝玉一往情深而难以言表，后者寓林黛玉将陷入深愁苦海之中。造历幻缘──经历虚幻的因缘。 造：通“遭”。遭受。 &lt;br /&gt;
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==罗安怡 Luó Ānyí 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081511==&lt;br /&gt;
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缘：佛家用语，即因缘。佛家将事物的发生、变化、消灭的主要条件谓之“因”，辅助条件谓之“缘”，所以世界不过是因缘变化的过程，而非物质的存在，因而一切都是虚幻的，也就是所谓“色空”。度脱──佛教和道教用语。指超度世人脱离有生有死的苦难，达到脱离生死的涅槃境界。&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗曦 Luó Xī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081512==&lt;br /&gt;
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功德──佛教用语。《大乘义章·十功德义三门分别》：“功谓功能，能破生死，能得涅槃，能度众生，名之为功。此功是其善行家德，故云功德。”后世多泛指念佛、诵经、布施、度人出家等为功德。&lt;br /&gt;
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Gong De (merit) ──Buddhist term. ''Mahayana Righteous Chapter · Ten Merit, Virtue and Righteousness'': &amp;quot;Gong is the function that remove people’s  fear of life and death, achieve Nirvana and save all living beings, and  this is the reason why it  is named like that. This Gong is the virtue that people share their good deeds acquired from their families to others, so it is then called as Gong De&amp;quot;. Later, it generally refers to the merits of reciting the Buddha, chanting, giving alms, and guiding people to  become monks, etc.--[[User:Ma Xin|Ma Xin]] ([[User talk:Ma Xin|talk]]) 09:36, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==马新 Mǎ Xīn 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081513==&lt;br /&gt;
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因果──佛教用语。佛教指种什么因，结什么果，善有善报，恶有恶报，循环不爽。《涅槃经·遗教品一》：“善恶之报，如影随形，三世因果，循环不失。”火坑──佛教用语。&lt;br /&gt;
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Yin and Guo (cause and effect)-Buddhist term. In Buddhism, it refers to the same as what a man sows, so he shall reap.  Good deeds come back to help you, and bad deeds come back to haunt you and  the cycle is time-tested. ''Nirvanasutra. Relics I'': &amp;quot;The retribution of good and evil very closely associated with each other circulates all ages that has no ending.”  Huo Keng (fire-pit)—Buddhist term.--[[User:Ma Xin|Ma Xin]] ([[User talk:Ma Xin|talk]]) 08:55, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛雅文 Máo Yǎwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081514==&lt;br /&gt;
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《法华经·普门品》：“假使兴害意，推落大火坑。念彼观音力，火坑变成池。”佛教谓众生轮回有六道，即天道、人道、阿修罗道、畜生道、饿鬼道、地狱道。后三道最苦，谓之“火坑”。这里用引申义，泛指人世间的苦难。&lt;br /&gt;
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''Sutra on the Lotus Flower of the Wondrous Dharma·The Universal Door of the Bodhisattva Who Listens to the Sounds of All the World'': &amp;quot;Should you be pushed into a raging fire pit by enemies who are so harmful, mean and cruel, you can evoke the holy strength of Gwan Yin Bodhisattva, and then the blaze will be turned into a limpid pool, so that you can circumvent the extreme danger of being burned.&amp;quot; Six realms of reincarnation of all beings are identified in Buddhism: gods, humans, demigods, animals, hungry ghosts and hells. The last three ones are the most painful, which are consequently called &amp;quot;the fire pit&amp;quot;. Here, &amp;quot;the fire pit&amp;quot; is used with its extended meaning that refers to the sufferings in the world.--[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 09:17, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛优 Máo Yōu 俄语语言文学 女 202120081515==&lt;br /&gt;
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太虚幻境——太虚：指虚无飘渺的太空。出自《庄子·知北游》：“是以不过乎昆仑，不游乎太虚。” 幻境：虚幻的境界。出自唐·王维《为兵部祭库部王郎中文》：“深悟幻境，独与道游。”曹雪芹将二者组合，创造了一个虚构的仙境，当寓“虚无空幻”之意。&lt;br /&gt;
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==牟一心 Móu Yīxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081516==&lt;br /&gt;
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“假作真”一联──意谓如果以假为真，真假必然混淆，那么真的也可能被当作假的；如果以无为有，有无必然混淆，那么有也可能被当作无。影射世人真假不分，是非不辨。&lt;br /&gt;
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“falsehood serves as genuineness” means that if regarding falsehood as genuineness, the two will be bound to get into confusion and then truth is likely to be seen as sham; this is true in the case of nothingness and reality. This verse insinuates that people fail to distinguish fact from fiction, right from wrong.--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 07:24, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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“Falsehood serves as genuineness” means that if regarding falsehood as genuineness, the two will be bound to get into confusion and then truth is likely to be seen as sham; if nothing is taken as something, then there is bound to be confusion, and then something may be regarded as nothing. This verse insinuates that people fail to distinguish fact from fiction, right from wrong.--[[User:Peng Ruixue|Peng Ruixue]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruixue|talk]]) 14:30, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==彭瑞雪 Péng Ruìxuě 法语语言文学 女 202120081517==&lt;br /&gt;
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有命无运──古人认为人的先天禀赋的贵贱寿夭为“命”，而现实生活中的遭遇为“运”。“有命无运”就是虽有好的禀赋，却无好的机遇，所以将终生坎坷。&lt;br /&gt;
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Destiny without fortune -- ancient people believe that a person's birth and life expectancy are &amp;quot;destiny&amp;quot;, while what happens to them in real life is &amp;quot;fortune&amp;quot;. &amp;quot;To have a destiny but no fortune is to have good gifts but no good opportunities, so one will have a difficult life.--[[User:Peng Ruixue|Peng Ruixue]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruixue|talk]]) 14:23, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==秦建安 Qín Jiànān 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081518==&lt;br /&gt;
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“惯养”一联──菱花：指英莲将来改名香菱。空对雪澌澌：隐喻英莲将遭受冷落乃至虐待。 雪：“薛”的谐音，指薛蟠。&lt;br /&gt;
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One of the couplet &amp;quot;guanyang&amp;quot;--&amp;quot;''linghua''&amp;quot;（water chestnut）：it refers to Yinglian will change her name into &amp;quot;XiangLing&amp;quot;.&amp;quot;空对雪澌澌&amp;quot;(kong dui xue si si)metaphorically means Yinglian will be ignored and even abused. &amp;quot;雪&amp;quot;(xue) is homophonic with &amp;quot;薛&amp;quot;(xue) which points to XuePan.--[[User:Qing Jianan|Qing Jianan]] ([[User talk:Qing Jianan|talk]]) 06:47, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The couplet &amp;quot; to be spoiled&amp;quot;--linghua（water chestnut）refers to that Yinglian would rename to XiangLing. And  snow melting away metaphorically means Yinglian will be ignored and even abused. Snow( pronounced as xue in Chinese)is homophonic with Xue which refers to XuePan.--[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 11:42, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邱婷婷 Qiū Tíngtíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081519==&lt;br /&gt;
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澌澌：落雪的声音，形容大雪。 “菱花”两句暗指英莲虽被爹娘娇惯，将来却做薛蟠之妾，而且将受到冷落乃至虐待。 此联隐喻甄英莲及其家庭的命运。&lt;br /&gt;
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Gurgling: the sound of snow falling, used to describe heavy snow. The phrase “Ling Hua”(Water Chestnut) implies that although Ying Lian was spoiled by her parents, she would become Xue Pan's concubine and would be snubbed and even abused by him in the future. This couplet metaphors the fate of Zhen Yinglian and her family.--[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 11:46, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Gurgling: the sound of snow falling, used to describe heavy snow. The “Ling Hua” implies although Yinglian was coddled by her parents, she would marry Xue Pan as a concubine in the future and would be neglected and even abused. This couplet metaphors the fate of Yinglian and her family.--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 08:28, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==饶金盈 Ráo Jīnyíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081520==&lt;br /&gt;
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“好防”一联：此联暗指后文甄士隐家将于三月十五日遭火灾。三劫──佛教用语。“三阿僧祇劫”的省略。指菩萨修成正果所需的时间。泛指极长的时间。&lt;br /&gt;
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The couplet “Being on guard” implies the content of following text that Zhen Shiyin’s home would suffer a fire disaster on 15th Mar. Three misfortunes in life, a Buddhism term, is the abbreviation of “San E Seng Du JIe”, that is, the time for a Budhisattva to get to the promised land, and it refers to a long time in general.--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 08:14, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The couplet “take precautions”alludes that in the following paragraphs, Zhen Shiyin’s house will be ravaged by fire on March 15th. “Three Tribulations”, a Buddhist term, is the omitted form of “Three Longstanding and Formidable Tribulations”, which refers to the time it takes for a Bodhisattva to achieve the fruition. It is used to illustrate extremely long period of time in a general sense.--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 06:55, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==石丽青 Shí Lìqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081521==&lt;br /&gt;
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北邙山──又作“北芒山”。本名邙山，因在洛阳之北，故名。东汉、魏、晋时王侯公卿多葬于此，后世即成为墓地的代称。&lt;br /&gt;
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Beimang Mountain is also known as “North Mang Mountain”.  Originally called Mang Mountain, it gets its existing name for the reason that it lies in the north of Luoyang in Henan Province. In the Eastern Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties, it boasted the burial ground of the feudal aristocrats, and later became synonymous with the cemetery.--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 02:53, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==孙雅诗 Sūn Yǎshī 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081522==&lt;br /&gt;
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“然生得”四句──意谓贾雨村生得一副福相。古人以为“腰圆背厚”、“面阔口方”、“剑眉星眼”、“直鼻方腮”皆为福相的特征，而贾雨村兼有，故下文说“怪道又说他必非久困之人”。此为贾雨村将来飞黄腾达作铺垫。&lt;br /&gt;
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==王李菲 Wáng Lǐfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081523==&lt;br /&gt;
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口占五言一律──意谓随口念出五言律诗一首。 口占：口头吟诗吟词。 五言律：“五言律诗”的简称，亦简称“五律”。诗体之一。&lt;br /&gt;
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==王逸凡 Wáng Yìfán 亚非语言文学 女 202120081524==&lt;br /&gt;
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即每句五字的律诗，每首共八句四十字。如果每句七字，则称“七言律诗”，简称“七言律”或“七律”。如果每首超过十句(不论五言、七言)，则称“排律”或“长律”。&lt;br /&gt;
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This is a rhyme of five words per stanza, with eight stanzas of forty words each. If each stanza is seven words long, the poem is called a &amp;quot;seven-word rhyme&amp;quot;, or &amp;quot;seven-word rhyme&amp;quot; for short. If each stanza is longer than ten (whether five or seven), the poem is called a &amp;quot;line of rhythm&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;long rhythm&amp;quot;.--[[User:Wang Yifan21|Wang Yifan21]] ([[User talk:Wang Yifan21|talk]]) 04:36, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王镇隆 Wáng Zhènlóng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 男 202120081525==&lt;br /&gt;
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因其有一整套严格的格律规定，故称“律诗”。“未卜”一联──未卜：不可预知。 三生愿：指婚姻。 频：时时刻刻。 &lt;br /&gt;
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==卫怡雯 Wèi Yíwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081526==&lt;br /&gt;
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此联是贾雨村自谓欲与甄家丫鬟(后文才交代其名字为娇杏)结姻的愿望不知能否实现，因而增添了一种无法摆脱的愁绪。“自顾”一联──自顾风前影：这里化用了“顾影自怜”一典。&lt;br /&gt;
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This couplet is an expression of Jia Yucun who wanted to get married with Zhen’s maid(later mentioned her name as Jiao Xing which implied that she was lucky). But he didn’t know whether this wish can be achieved and thus added an inextricable melancholy. The couplet “Self-pity”——looking at the shadow in the wind: it cited the allusion of “Gu Ying Zi Lian”  with its meaning of looking at one’s shadow and lamenting himself. --[[User:Wei Yiwen|Wei Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Wei Yiwen|talk]]) 12:37, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏楚璇 Wèi Chǔxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081527==&lt;br /&gt;
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典出晋·陆机《赴洛道中作二首》其一：“伫立望故乡，顾影凄自怜。”意谓看着自己的身影也觉可爱。表示自我欣赏。 堪：能够或配得上之意。&lt;br /&gt;
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This expression is from a poem group ''Two Poems Written in the Tour to Luoyang'' written by Lu Ji，a poet of Jin dynasty :  when I stand looking towards the direction of my hometown, my shadow looks so pityful that I can not help feeling sad. (伫立望故乡，顾影凄自怜。) This verse means when you look at your shadow, you think it is lovely, referring to a kind of  self-appreciation. Kan(堪): means being able to do something or deserving something.--[[User:Wei Chuxuan|Wei Chuxuan]] ([[User talk:Wei Chuxuan|talk]]) 08:20, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏兆妍 Wèi Zhàoyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081528==&lt;br /&gt;
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月下俦：这里化用了唐·李复言《续玄怪录·定婚店》的故事：唐人韦固夜过宋城，见一老翁在月下翻看簿册，问之，才知是婚姻簿子。老翁并携赤绳，言其一旦用此赤绳系住一男一女之足，二人必成夫妻。后人即把“月下老人”奉为婚烟之神。&lt;br /&gt;
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Marriage below the moon: This was borrowed from the story of ''The Sequel of Xuanguai Lu • Dinghun Dian'' by Li Fuyan in Tang Dynasty: When Wei Gu of the Tang Dynasty passed by Song city at night, he saw an old man reading through a thin book under the moon. After asking him, he knew it was a marriage book. The old man was also holding a red line and claimed that once a man and a woman's feet were tied with this red rope, they would get married. Then “the old man under the moon” was worshiped as Hymen by the later generation.--[[User:Wei Zhaoyan|Wei Zhaoyan]] ([[User talk:Wei Zhaoyan|talk]]) 07:18, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Marriage below the moon: it  was borrowed from the story of ''The Sequel of Xuanguai Lu • Dinghun Dian'' by Li Fuyan in Tang Dynasty: When Wei Gu of the Tang Dynasty passed by Song city at night, he saw an old man reading through a thin book under the moon. After asking him, he knew it was a marriage book. The old man was also holding a red line and claimed that once a man and a woman's feet were tied with this red rope, they would get married. Then “the old man under the moon” was respected as Hymen by the later generation.--[[User:Wu Jingyue|Wu Jingyue]] ([[User talk:Wu Jingyue|talk]]) 13:46, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴婧悦 Wú Jìngyuè 俄语语言文学 女 202120081529==&lt;br /&gt;
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这里是成婚之意。此联是贾雨村一面顾影自怜，一面暗想：将来谁能做我的配偶？“蟾光”一联──蟾光：月光。&lt;br /&gt;
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Here it means to get married. This association is the reflection of Jia Yucun‘s one side of self-pity, and one side of thinking: who can be my mate in the future? A antithetical couplet “Changuang” -- Changuang : Moonlight.--[[User:Wu Jingyue|Wu Jingyue]] ([[User talk:Wu Jingyue|talk]]) 13:44, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴映红 Wú Yìnghóng 日语语言文学 女 202120081530==&lt;br /&gt;
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因相传月宫中有蟾蜍，故称。又暗用“蟾宫折桂”的成语。晋·郤诜获得举贤良方正对策第一名后，对晋武帝说：“臣举贤良对策，为天下第一，犹桂林之一枝，若昆山之片玉。”(事见晋·王隐《晋书》、通行本《晋书·郤诜传》)&lt;br /&gt;
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==肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531==&lt;br /&gt;
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唐人将“折桂”之“桂”傅会为神话传说中月宫之“桂”，遂产生了“蟾宫折挂”这一成语。事见宋·叶梦得《避暑录话》卷下：“世以登科为‘折桂’，此谓郤诜对策东堂，自云‘桂林一枝’也。自唐以来用之……其后以月中有桂，故又谓之‘月桂’。&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532==&lt;br /&gt;
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而月中又言有蟾，故又改桂为蟾，以登科为‘登蟾宫’。”参见第九回“蟾宫折桂”注。 玉人：美人。这里暗指娇杏。&lt;br /&gt;
而月中又言有蟾，故又改桂为蟾，以登科为‘登蟾宫’。”参见第九回“蟾宫折桂”注。 玉人：美人。这里暗指娇杏。&lt;br /&gt;
In the middle of the moon, it was said that there were toads, so it was changed from cinnamon to toad and &amp;quot;passing civil examinations&amp;quot; is thought as &amp;quot;entering the toad palace&amp;quot;. we can see the ninth note &amp;quot;pluck cinnamon flowers in the Palace of the Toad&amp;quot;. Jade man: beauty. This implies Lucky.--[[User:Xie Jiafen|Xie Jiafen]] ([[User talk:Xie Jiafen|talk]]) 05:41, 30 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢庆琳 Xiè Qìnglín 俄语语言文学 女 202120081533==&lt;br /&gt;
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此联是贾雨村借月光而隐寓两层意思：一是希望自己能像月光那样到楼上去看他倾心的娇杏；二是企盼自己一旦金榜题名，必定先向娇杏求婚。&lt;br /&gt;
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==熊敏 Xióng Mǐn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081534==&lt;br /&gt;
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“玉在”一联──玉在椟中求善价：典出《论语·子罕》：“子贡曰：‘有美玉于斯，韫椟而藏诸？求善贾而沽诸？’子曰：‘沽之哉，沽之哉！我待贾者也。’”&lt;br /&gt;
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==徐敏赟 Xú Mǐnyūn 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 男 202120081535==&lt;br /&gt;
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(斯：此，这里。韫椟：收藏在柜子或木匣里。贾：一说为商人，一说通“价”，皆通。沽：出售，卖掉。)后人即以“椟玉”、“椟藏”或“待贾而沽”、“待贾沽”、“待贾”、“待沽”等来比喻怀才待用或待时出山的人。 &lt;br /&gt;
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==颜静 Yán Jìng 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 女 202120081536==&lt;br /&gt;
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钗于奁内待时飞：典出汉·郭宪《洞冥记》卷二：汉武帝元鼎元年，宫中起造招仙阁，有神女以玉钗赠汉武帝，帝赐与赵婕妤。至汉昭帝元凤年间，宫人欲毁之，将匣子打开时，玉钗化白燕飞去。这里的意思与“玉在椟中求善价”相同。&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;The hairpin in the toilet box is waiting to fly&amp;quot; comes from the book of ''The Nether World'' by Guo Xian of the Han Dynasty Volume 2: in the first year of the Yuan Ding of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the palace started to build the Zhaoxian Pavilion. A goddess presented a jade hairpin to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and the Emperor gave it to Zhao Jieyu. During the reign of emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty, when the palace people wanted to destroy it, they opened the box, and the jade hairpin turned into a white swallow and flew away. The meaning here is the same as &amp;quot;the jade in the pot is seeking for good price&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜莉莉 Yán Lìlì 国别 女 202120081537==&lt;br /&gt;
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此联表明贾雨村雄心勃勃，信心十足，以为自己犹如椟中之玉、匣中之钗，虽然暂时落魄，将来定能仕途得意，飞黄腾达。&lt;br /&gt;
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This part shows that Jia Yucun is ambitious and confident. He feels like a jade and hairpin in a box. Although he is down and out for the time being, he will be successful in his career in the future.&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜子涵 Yán Zǐhán 国别 女 202120081538==&lt;br /&gt;
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芹意──谦词。典出《列子·杨朱》：从前有人觉得芹菜味美，即向乡绅推荐并称赞，乡绅一尝，味道却很差，胃里也不舒服，在场的人都抱怨他，使他十分羞惭。&lt;br /&gt;
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==阳佳颖 Yáng Jiāyǐng 国别 女 202120081540==&lt;br /&gt;
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后即以“芹意”、“芹献”、“献芹”、“芹曝”、“献曝”、“美芹”等代称菲薄的礼物。飞觥(gōng功)献斝(jiǎ假)──形容酒席间频频举杯、互相劝饮的热闹景象。觥、斝：是古代的两种酒器，这里泛指酒杯。&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨爱江 Yáng Àijiāng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081541==&lt;br /&gt;
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飞觥：挥舞酒杯。献斝：本义为酒席上行酒令规定的饮酒杯数，这里引申为劝饮。“时逢三五”一诗──三五：十五日。&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨堃 Yáng Kūn 法语语言文学 女 202120081542==&lt;br /&gt;
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这里指农历八月十五日中秋节。 满把清光：形容月光皎洁而明亮。 护玉栏：玉雕栏杆沐浴在月光之中。&lt;br /&gt;
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The fifteenth refers to the Mid Autumn Festival on August 15th of the lunar calendar. The full moonlight: described the moonlight as bright and pure. Bathing jade balustrades: it refers to the jade balustrades bathed in the moonlight.--[[User:Yang Kun|Yang Kun]] ([[User talk:Yang Kun|talk]]) 06:51, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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It refers to the Mid Autumn Festival on August 15th of the lunar calendar. The full moonlight: describing the moonlight as bright and clear. Bathing jade balustrades: the jade balustrades is bathed in the moonlight.--[[User:Yang Liuqing|Yang Liuqing]] ([[User talk:Yang Liuqing|talk]]) 08:36, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨柳青 Yáng Liǔqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081543==&lt;br /&gt;
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此诗表示贾雨村的雄心壮志，即希望自己像高高在上的中秋之月，令万人仰慕。这是贾雨村仕途得意、飞黄腾达的预兆。“飞腾”两句──飞腾：飞黄腾达。接履：义同“接踵”。接二连三、接连不断之意。意谓将不断高升。&lt;br /&gt;
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This poem shows Jia Yuncun's ambition to be admired by thousands of people like the mid-autumn moon hanging high in the sky. This is the omen of his bright official acreer and great success in future.&lt;br /&gt;
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==叶维杰 Yè Wéijié 国别 男 202120081544==&lt;br /&gt;
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云霄：比喻高官显宦。这两句是说贾雨村的即兴诗就是其仕途得意、飞黄腾达的预兆。大比──隋、唐以后科举考试的泛称。以其为全国考生参加的考试，故称。&lt;br /&gt;
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==易扬帆 Yì Yángfān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081545==&lt;br /&gt;
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这里指最高一级的会试。明、清时代的科举考试每三年举行一轮，分为三级：头一年为院考，考生为府、县童生，考取者为生员，通称秀才；次年为乡试，考生为一省的生员(秀才)和在国子监肄业的监生，考取者为举人；&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷慧珍 Yīn Huìzhēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081546==&lt;br /&gt;
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第三年为会试，考生为全国的举人，考取者为贡士，贡士再经殿试考中者为进士。春闱一捷──这里指考取进士。春闱：指会试。以其在春天举行，故称。 &lt;br /&gt;
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==殷美达 Yīn Měidá 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081547==&lt;br /&gt;
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闱：这里指科举考试的考场。捷：本义为战胜、成功，引申为科举及第。黄道之期──即黄道之日。指六吉辰值日之日。《协纪辨方书·卷七·黄道黑道》)&lt;br /&gt;
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==尹媛 Yǐn Yuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081548==&lt;br /&gt;
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称：青龙、明堂、金匮、天德、玉堂、司命等六辰为吉神，此六辰值日的日子，诸事皆吉，故称 “黄道吉日”。投谒(yè叶)──本义为投递名帖求见。这里引申为持荐书投拜，以期关照。&lt;br /&gt;
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==詹若萱 Zhān Ruòxuān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081549==&lt;br /&gt;
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谒：晋见。黑道──“黑道日”的略称。六凶辰值日之日诸事皆凶，故称“黑道日”。见《协纪辨方书·卷七·黄道黑道》：“天刑、朱雀、白虎、天牢、玄武、勾陈者，月中黑道也。&lt;br /&gt;
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==张秋怡 Zhāng Qiūyí 亚非语言文学 女 202120081550==&lt;br /&gt;
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所理之方，所值之日，皆不可兴土功、营屋舍、移徙、远行、嫁娶、出军。”社火花灯──这里指元宵节表演各种杂耍，张挂各种灯笼。 &lt;br /&gt;
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==张扬 Zhāng Yáng 国别 男 202120081551==&lt;br /&gt;
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社火：逢年过节百姓举行酬神赛会，表演各种杂耍，以示庆贺，并兼娱乐。 社：土地社。引申以泛指神。鹑(chú n纯)衣──典出《荀子·大略》：“子夏贫，衣若县鹑。”(县：通“悬”。)&lt;br /&gt;
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SheHuo(社火): on every New Year's festivals, people hold big rallies for pilgrimage and perform various acrobatics to celebrate and entertain. She(社): Land agency. Extended to refer to God in general. Quail(&amp;quot;鹑&amp;quot;chú n equals &amp;quot;纯&amp;quot;) clothes - comes from ''Xunzi: The Outline'': &amp;quot;Zi Xia is poor, and his clothes are like hanging(县) quails.&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;县&amp;quot;xian equals &amp;quot;悬&amp;quot;xuan.)--[[User:Zhang Yang|Zhang Yang]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yang|talk]]) 15:12, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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SheHuo(社火): on every New Year's festivals, people hold big rallies for pilgrimage and perform various acrobatics to celebrate and entertain. She(社): Land agency. Extended to refer to God in general. Quail(&amp;quot;鹑&amp;quot;chú n equals &amp;quot;纯&amp;quot;) clothes - comes from ''Xunzi: The Outline'': &amp;quot;Zi Xia is poor, and his clothes are like hanging(县) quails.&amp;quot; (&amp;quot;县&amp;quot;xian equals &amp;quot;悬&amp;quot;xuan.)--[[User:Zhang Yiran|Zhang Yiran]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yiran|talk]]) 01:57, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张怡然 Zhāng Yírán 俄语语言文学 女 202120081552==&lt;br /&gt;
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比喻破烂的衣服。因鹌鹑羽稀秃尾，十分难看，故以为喻。笏满床──典出《旧唐书·崔神庆传》：“开元中，神庆子琳等皆至大官，群从数十人，趋奏省闼。每岁时家宴，以一榻置笏，重叠于其上。”&lt;br /&gt;
A metaphor for tattered clothes. It is used as a metaphor for a quail's sparse feathers and bald tail, which is very unsightly. The bed was full of wats（笏满床）- from &amp;quot;The Old Book of Tang - Cui Shenqing&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;In the middle of Kaiyuan, Shenqing's sons, Lin and others, were all great officials, with dozens of people from the group, and tended to play the provincial office. Whenever there was a family banquet, a couch was placed with wats overlapping on it.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zhang Yiran|Zhang Yiran]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yiran|talk]]) 01:52, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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A metaphor for ragged clothes. It is used as a metaphor for a quail's sparse feathers and bald tail, which is very uncomely. The bed was full of wat boards- from &amp;quot;The Old Book of Tang - Cui Shenqing&amp;quot;: &amp;quot;In the middle of Kaiyuan, Shenqing's sons, Lin and others, were all great officials, with dozens of people from the group, and tended to play the provincial office. Whenever there was a family banquet, a couch was placed with wats overlapping on it.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 08:23, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟义菲 Zhōng Yìfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081553==&lt;br /&gt;
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形容满门为官。 笏：亦名“手板”。是旧时朝臣上朝时手持的一种狭长板子，以象牙或木、竹制成，上面可以记事备忘。&lt;br /&gt;
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Describe all people in a house as officials. Wat board: also known as &amp;quot;hand board&amp;quot;. It is a long and narrow board held by the old courtiers when they went to the court. It is made of ivory, wood and bamboo. You can keep notes on it.--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 01:50, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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It means that the whole family are officials. Scepter board: also known as “hand board”, which is a long and narrow tablet held before the breast by officials when received in audience by the emperor. It is made of ivory, wood and bamboo. People can keep notes on it to remember things.--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 08:05, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟雨露 Zhōng Yǔlù 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081554==&lt;br /&gt;
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陇头──坟头。 陇：通“垄”。坟墓。《礼记·曲礼上》：“适墓不登垄。”郑玄注：“垄，冢也。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Long Tou—tomb. Long(陇)—similar to Long(垄)，the grave. Quli in the Book of Rites:“Don’t climb to the grave.” Zheng Xuan annotates:“Long, a grave.”--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 07:48, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Long Tou— the tomb. Long(陇)— the same as Long(垄)，the grave. Quli in the Book of Rites:“Don’t climb to the grave when you exactly see the grave.” Zheng Xuan annotates:“Long, a grave.”--[[User:Zhou Jiu|Zhou Jiu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Jiu|talk]]) 08:32, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周玖 Zhōu Jiǔ 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081555==&lt;br /&gt;
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强梁──典出《墨子·鲁问》：“譬有人于此，其子强梁不材，故其父笞之，其邻家之父举木而击之。”原指为人强横凶暴，胡作非为。引申为强盗。&lt;br /&gt;
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Qing Liang—derives from Mo Zi: “ For example, there is a man whose son is cruel and unpromising. Therefore, his father beats him, and the neighbor’s father also raised a stick and struck him.” It originally means one is cruel ferocious and commit any outrages. Extension for the bandit.--[[User:Zhou Jiu|Zhou Jiu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Jiu|talk]]) 07:26, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Qiang Liang-derives from ''Mo-tse: Lu's questions'':&amp;quot;For instance, there is a son who is too strong to be useful. The father teaches him by whipping him with a bamboo stick. When the old man next door saw this, he raised his stick and beat the son severely.&amp;quot; The word originally refers to people who are very violent and commit many outrages. Later it was extended to mean robber. --[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 07:56, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周俊辉 Zhōu Jùnhuī 法语语言文学 女 202120081556==&lt;br /&gt;
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择膏粱──意谓挑选富贵人家的子弟做女婿。 膏粱：“膏粱子弟”的略称。意谓吃肉类和细粮(泛指精美食物)人家的子弟。&lt;br /&gt;
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To choose a rich fatty diet means to choose the son of a rich man as a son-in-law. Rich fatty meals: Abbreviation for &amp;quot;the son of a rich and important family&amp;quot;. It means the children of rich family who eat meat and fine grains （generally refers to exquisite food).&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 07:24, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周巧 Zhōu Qiǎo 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081557==&lt;br /&gt;
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泛指富贵人家的子弟。“因嫌”二句──嫌纱帽小：意谓嫌官小。纱帽：旧时纱制的官帽。&lt;br /&gt;
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Refers to the children of wealthy families in general. &amp;quot;Therefore, discontent&amp;quot; the two words mean that the yarn hat is too small, and it is a metaphor that the official is too small. Yarn Hat: An official hat made of yarn in the old days.--[[User:Zhou Qing|Zhou Qing]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qing|talk]]) 02:05, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周清 Zhōu Qīng 法语语言文学 女 202120081558==&lt;br /&gt;
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锁枷扛：泛指犯罪坐牢。 锁枷：两种刑具。 这两句是说因嫌官小而贪赃枉法，以致犯罪入狱，披枷戴锁。&lt;br /&gt;
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Shackle uplift: refers to jail for crimes in general. Shackles: Two types of instruments of torture. These two sentences mean that because of the petty officials, they were corrupt and broke the law, leading to crimes and imprisonment.&lt;br /&gt;
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Shackle uplift: refers to jail for crimes in general. Shackles: Two types of torture instruments. These two sentences mean that because of the low post , they were corrupt and broke the law, spending the rest of their life in a prison in chains.--[[User:Zhou Xiaoxue|Zhou Xiaoxue]] ([[User talk:Zhou Xiaoxue|talk]]) 08:45, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周小雪 Zhōu Xiǎoxuě 日语语言文学 女 202120081559==&lt;br /&gt;
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“昨怜”二句──紫蟒：绣蟒紫袍。以其为旧时高官之礼服，故借喻高官。 这两句是说从贫穷到富贵只是转眼间的事。喻世事变幻无常。&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;Yesterday's pity&amp;quot; -These two sentences mean that from poverty to rich is only a matter of time. It refers to the impermanence of life.&lt;br /&gt;
purple python ：the purple embroidered robe.Ancient official dress, here refers to the high official.--[[User:Zhou Xiaoxue|Zhou Xiaoxue]] ([[User talk:Zhou Xiaoxue|talk]]) 08:32, 29 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==朱素珍 Zhū Sùzhēn 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081561==&lt;br /&gt;
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反认他乡是故乡──意谓人生在世，不过是匆匆过客，而人们却当作了自己的故乡，以至忙忙碌碌，争名夺利。等到呜呼哀哉，还是赤条条一身而去。所以下文说“甚荒唐，到头来，都是为他人作嫁衣裳”。&lt;br /&gt;
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==邹岳丽 Zōu Yuèlí 日语语言文学 女 202120081562==&lt;br /&gt;
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面善──面熟。 善：熟悉，知道，了解。《礼记·学记》：“不陵节而施之谓孙(逊)，相观而善之谓摩。”孔颖达疏：“善，犹解也。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Good face - familiar face. Good: familiar, knowing, understanding. 《The book of rites · Student reporters 》: &amp;quot;Teaching without exceeding students' acceptance is called &amp;quot;step by step&amp;quot;. Seeing each other's (works) and feeling good, learning from each other is called &amp;quot;&amp;quot; Kong yingdashu said: &amp;quot;if you are good, you still understand.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zou Yueli|Zou Yueli]] ([[User talk:Zou Yueli|talk]]) 15:33, 28 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Nadia 202011080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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贾夫人仙逝扬州城，冷子兴演说荣国府&lt;br /&gt;
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==Mahzad Heydarian 玛莎 202021080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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却说封肃听见公差传唤，忙出来陪笑启问。&lt;br /&gt;
When Zhen Shiyin's father-in-law Feng Su heard the government's servants call him, he quickly came out and greeted them with a smile.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Mariam toure 2020GBJ002301==&lt;br /&gt;
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那些人只嚷：“快请出甄爷来！”&lt;br /&gt;
Those people just yelled: &amp;quot;Please come out, Master Zhen!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Rouabah Soumaya 202121080001==&lt;br /&gt;
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封肃忙陪笑道：“小人姓封，并不姓甄。&lt;br /&gt;
Feng Su hurriedly laughed and said, &amp;quot;The villain's surname is Feng, not Zhen.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Numan 202121080002==&lt;br /&gt;
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只有当日小婿姓甄，今已出家一二年了。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Atta Ur Rahman 202121080003==&lt;br /&gt;
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不知可是问他？”&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Saqib Mehran 202121080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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那些公人道：“我们也不知什么真假，既是你的女婿，就带了你去面禀太爷便了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==Zohaib Chand 202121080005==&lt;br /&gt;
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大家把封肃推拥而去。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Jawad Ahmad 202121080006==&lt;br /&gt;
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封家各各惊慌，不知何事。&lt;br /&gt;
English: Feng's family were all very frightened. They didn't know what had happened&lt;br /&gt;
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==Nizam Uddin 202121080007==&lt;br /&gt;
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至二更时分，封肃方回来。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Öncü 202121080008==&lt;br /&gt;
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众人忙问端的，他说道：“原来新任太爷姓贾名化，本湖州人氏，曾与女婿旧交。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Akira Jantarat 202121080009==&lt;br /&gt;
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因在我家门首看见娇杏丫头买线，只说女婿移住此间，所以来传。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Benjamin Wellsand 202111080118==&lt;br /&gt;
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我将缘故回明，那太爷感伤叹息了一回。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Asep Budiman 202111080020==&lt;br /&gt;
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又问外孙女儿，我说看灯丢了。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Ei Mon Kyaw 202111080021==&lt;br /&gt;
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太爷说：‘不妨，待我差人去，务必找寻回来。’&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211124_homework&amp;diff=128132</id>
		<title>20211124 homework</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211124_homework&amp;diff=128132"/>
		<updated>2021-11-24T11:27:54Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531 */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;Quicklinks: [[Introduction_to_Translation_Studies_2021|Back to course homepage]] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal#Frequently_asked_questions_FAQ FAQ]  [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal Manual] [[20210926_homework|Back to all homework webpages overview]] [[20220112_final_exam|final exam page]]&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈静 Chén Jìng 国别 女 202020080595==&lt;br /&gt;
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我很纳闷：《不自弃文》是篇名，《姬子》是书名，应该同等对待，要么都予注释，要么都不注释，为什么一注一不注呢？难道前者生僻而需要注释，后者人所共知而不必注释吗？显然不是，只能说是避难就易，这与注释的宗旨完全背道而驰。&lt;br /&gt;
I wonder that since No Self-surrender is the title of the passage and Jizi is the title of the book, which should be treated equally, why did the situation happened that one annotated while one did not? Did the former need to be annotated while the latter is known to all without having to be annotated? Obviously, it is for choosing the easier way, which is completely contrary to the purpose of the annotation.&lt;br /&gt;
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I wonder: &amp;quot;don't abandon yourself&amp;quot; is the title, and &amp;quot;Ji Zi&amp;quot; is the title of the book. It should be treated equally, either annotated or not annotated. Why not annotate one note at a time? Is it true that the former is remote and needs annotation, while the latter is well known and does not need annotation? Obviously not, it can only be said that it is easy to avoid difficulties, which is completely contrary to the purpose of the notes. &lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 07:01, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==蔡珠凤 Cài Zhūfèng 法语语言文学 女 202120081477==&lt;br /&gt;
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那怕注为“《姬子》不详”，也还不失为态度诚实。老实说，起初我对《姬子》也一头雾水，因为见所未见，闻所未闻。但根据我自定的注释原则，我不能回避。&lt;br /&gt;
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Even if it is noted as &amp;quot;Ji Zi&amp;quot; unknown &amp;quot;, it can be regarded as an honest attitude. To be honest, at first I was confused about Ji Zi, because I had never seen or heard of it. But according to my own annotation principle, I can't avoid it.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 11:20, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Even if it is noted as &amp;quot;unknown Ji Zi&amp;quot; , it can still be regarded as an honest attitude. To be honest, at first I was confused about ''Ji Zi'', because I had never seen or heard of it. But according to my own annotation principle, I can't avoid it.--[[User:Chen Huini|Chen Huini]] ([[User talk:Chen Huini|talk]]) 14:36, 22 November 2021 (UTC)Chen Huini&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈惠妮 Chén Huìnī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081479==&lt;br /&gt;
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于是我首先求助于《中国古典数字工程》，肯定了中国根本不存在《姬子》这么一本书，完全是曹雪芹所杜撰，正如《古今人物通考》、《中国历代文选》都是曹雪芹杜撰一样。其次，我记得俞平伯先生有一篇专门解释《姬子》的文章，但文章的题目、发表时间以及文章内容却不记得了。经过两天的翻箱倒柜，我终于找到了这篇文章，它的题目是《读〈红楼梦〉随笔》第九节《姬子》，初载于《文汇报》1954年1月25日；又收入《红楼梦研究参考资料选辑》第二辑，人民文学出版社1973年11月出版。&lt;br /&gt;
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Therefore, I first made reference htiw &amp;quot;Chinese Classical Digital Engineering&amp;quot; and confirmed that there was no such a book called &amp;quot;Ji Zi&amp;quot; in China, which was completely written by Cao Xueqin, just as cao Xueqin wrote &amp;quot;General Examination of Ancient and Modern Characters&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Selected Chinese Writings in Past Dynasties&amp;quot;. Secondly, I remember that Mr. Yu Pingbo had a special article explaining ''JiZi'', but I do not remember the title, publication time and content of the article. After two days of searching, I finally found this article. Its title is ''Ji Zi'', section 9 of Essays on Reading ''A Dream of Red Mansion''. It was first published in Wenhui Daily on January 25, 1954. It was also included in the second series of ''Selected Research Reference Materials on A Dream of Red Mansion'', published by People's Literature Publishing House in November 1973.--[[User:Chen Huini|Chen Huini]] ([[User talk:Chen Huini|talk]]) 14:46, 22 November 2021 (UTC)Chen Huini&lt;br /&gt;
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So, I firstly searched ''Chinese Classical Digital Engineering'' and confirmed there was no such a book called &amp;quot;Ji Zi&amp;quot; in China. This book was completely made up by Cao Xueqin like the same thing he did to ''General Examination of Ancient and Modern Characters'' and ''Selected Chinese Writings in Past Dynasties''.Then, I recalled that Mr. Yu Pingbo especially wrote an article to explain ''Ji Zi'', but I didn't remember the title, publication time and content.After two days of searching, I finally found it. The title of it was  ''Ji Zi'', section 9 of Essays on Reading ''A Dream of Red Mansion'' which was first published in Wenhui Daily on January 25, 1954. and then was included in the second series of ''Selected Research Reference Materials on A Dream of Red Mansion'', published by People's Literature Publishing House in November 1973.--[[User:Chen Xiangqiong|Chen Xiangqiong]] ([[User talk:Chen Xiangqiong|talk]]) 00:20, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈湘琼 Chén Xiāngqióng 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081480==&lt;br /&gt;
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据俞先生在文章中说：姬子书到底是部什么书呢，谁也说不上来。特别前些日子把这一回书选为高中国文的教材，教员讲解时碰到问题，每来信相询，我亦不能对。但经过研究，他还是写了这篇文章，作为回答。&lt;br /&gt;
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According to Mr.Yu in his article: nobody can tell what book ''Ji Zi'' really is. Moreover, this chapter of ''A Dream in Red Mansions'' with the name ''Ji Zhi'' has been selected as the reading material of the high school,and I can't say anything when the teacher who failed to explain it in the classroom come to me.But after careful research, he still write an article to reply this question.&lt;br /&gt;
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According to Mr. Yu in his article: nobody can tell what book ''Ji Zi'' really is.  In particular, this chapter was selected as a reading material for the Chinese language in high school some days ago, the teachers encountered problems when explaining it, and they wrote to me every time to ask about it, but I couldn't get it right. But after researching, he wrote this article as an answer.--[[User:Chen Xinyi|Chen Xinyi]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi|talk]]) 05:37, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈心怡 Chén Xīnyí 翻译学 女 202120081481==&lt;br /&gt;
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他的结论有三点：其一，《姬子》是“作者杜撰”，并以第三回的《古今人物通考》也是杜撰而作为佐证。其二，“这原来是一个笑话”，是探春“拿姬子来抵制”宝钗用以压人的朱子和孔子，而“比朱子孔子再大，只好是姬子了。殆以周公姓姬，作为顽笑”。&lt;br /&gt;
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There are three points in his conclusion: one, ''Ji Zi'' is &amp;quot;the author fabricated&amp;quot;, and to the third round of &amp;quot; the general examination of ancient and modern characters&amp;quot; is also fabricated and as proof. Second, &amp;quot;this turns out to be a joke&amp;quot;, is Tanchun &amp;quot; take ''Ji Zi'' to resist&amp;quot; Baochai and used to press people by citing Zhu Zi and Confucius, and &amp;quot;higher level than Zhu Zi and Confucius can only be ''Ji Zi''. Probably Zhou Gong was surnamed Ji as a joke.--[[User:Chen Xinyi|Chen Xinyi]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi|talk]]) 05:35, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
There are three points in his conclusion: first, ''Ji Zi'' is &amp;quot;fabricated by the author&amp;quot;, and can be proved by the fabrication of the third round of &amp;quot; the general examination of ancient and modern characters&amp;quot;. Second, &amp;quot;this turns out to be a joke&amp;quot;, which Tanchun &amp;quot; held ''Ji Zi'' to resist” Baochai who used to press her by citing Zhu Zi and Confucius, but “requiring higher level than Zhu Zi and Confucius, there’s only be ''Ji Zi''. Probably Zhou Gong was surnamed Ji as a joke.”--[[User:Cheng Yang|Cheng Yang]] ([[User talk:Cheng Yang|talk]]) 12:25, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==程杨 Chéng Yáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081482==&lt;br /&gt;
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其三，“有人或者要问为什么净瞎捣乱，造书名？我回答：这是小说。”《中国古典数字工程》可以证明俞先生的“杜撰说”是正确的，因此我把俞先生的意见用以注释《姬子》。&lt;br /&gt;
Thirdly, &amp;quot;Someone may ask why messing around and making a title? I replied: This is a novel. &amp;quot;It can be proved by ''The Chinese Classical Digital Engineering'' that Mr. Yu’s “theory of fabrication” is correct. Therefore, I applied Mr. Gong's opinion to annotate ''Jizi''.--[[User:Cheng Yang|Cheng Yang]] ([[User talk:Cheng Yang|talk]]) 04:56, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==丁旋 Dīng Xuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081483==&lt;br /&gt;
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据我所知，现在有人搜集了周公的几篇佚文，将其编为集子，按照《老子》、《庄子》、《孟子》之类的惯例，即命名为《姬子》，但这与曹雪芹毫不相干，《红楼梦》中的《姬子》书名绝对是杜撰。此外，有的注本虽然对《不自弃文》作了注释，却只是简述该文的大意，而没有注出曹雪芹的深刻用意。原来朱熹的徒子徒孙认为此文格调低下，有失朱夫子的身份，故将此文排除在众多朱熹文集之外，只有明·朱培编《文公大全集补遗》卷八从抄本《朱熹家谱》中引录，另有《朱子文集大全类编·卷二一·庭训》亦予收录。&lt;br /&gt;
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As far as I know, someone collected several lost articles of Duke of Zhou, edited them into an anthology and named it ''Ji Tzu'' according to the routine of  ''Lao Tzu'', ''Chang Tzu'' and ''Mencius'' and so on. However, this thing is irrelevant to Cao Xueqin, so the title of ''Ji Tzu'' in ''A Dream in Red Mansions'' is absolutely fabricated. Besides, although some books with annotations made interpretation to ''No Self-surrender'', they just told the main idea of this article rather than annotating the deep meaning made by Cao Xueqin. In fact, disciples and followers of Zhu Xi thought the style of this passage beneath his dignity is very low, so they excluded it out of many anthologies of Zhu Xi. Only when Zhu Pei(Ming dynasty) edited the eighth roll of ''Supplement to Collected Works of Duke Wen'', he incited it from transcript of ''Zhu Xi’s Genealogy''. In addition, it is also included in ''Complete Works of Zhu Tzua•Roll Twenty-one•Home Hearing''.--[[User:Ding Xuan|Ding Xuan]] ([[User talk:Ding Xuan|talk]]) 03:47, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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As far as I know, now someone collected several lost articles of Duke of Zhou and edited them into a collection that was named  ''Ji Tzu'' according to the routine of ''Lao Tzu'', ''Chang Tzu'' and ''Mencius'' and so on. However, this thing is irrelevant to Cao Xueqin, so the title of ''Ji Tzu'' in ''A Dream in Red Mansions'' is absolutely fabricated. Besides, although some books with annotations made interpretations to ''No Self-surrender'', they just briefly described the main idea of this article rather than annotating the deep meaning of Cao Xueqin. In fact, disciples and followers of Zhu Xi thought this passage  was low in style and demeaned Zhu Xi, so they excluded it out of many anthologies of Zhu Xi. Only when Zhu Pei(Ming dynasty) edited the Book Eight of ''Supplement to Collected Works of Duke Wen'', he incited it from transcript of Zhu Xi’s Genealogy. In addition, ''Complete Works of Zhu Tzua• Book Twenty-one•Home Hearing'' was also included.--[[User:Du Lina|Du Lina]] ([[User talk:Du Lina|talk]]) 03:07, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杜莉娜 Dù Lìnuó 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081484==&lt;br /&gt;
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曹雪芹借宝钗之口说出这篇少见的文章，一则以显示宝钗无书不读，再者也暗示自己博览群籍，同时也对那些自封的朱熹卫士予以调侃。可见曹雪芹即使开玩笑，也非闲笔，总有一定的用意。（详见注释）鉴于所要注释的词语性质不同，因此对注文的要求也有所不同。&lt;br /&gt;
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Saying this rare writing through Precious Hairpin Marshgrass,  on the one hand Cao Xueqin showed her strong love of reading  as well as implied own extensive reading, and on the other, he played off those self-appointed guards of Zhu Xi. Obviously, his joking is not  casual but absolutely with some profound meaning.(see annotations) The nature of words annotated is different, so the requirements for explanatory notes are different as well.--[[User:Du Lina|Du Lina]] ([[User talk:Du Lina|talk]]) 02:41, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==付红岩 Fù Hóngyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081485==&lt;br /&gt;
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其一，对于一般的疑难词语，重在疏通文意，多不引经据典，追根溯源。其二，对于成语、典故，则既要注明其出典，又要解释其本义，还要说明其引申义或比喻义。其三，对于各种名物（如建筑、服饰、官署、官职、琴棋书画、医卜星相等），则力求变专门术语为通俗语言，以利读者理解。&lt;br /&gt;
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Firstly, as for normally confusing words, the emphasis is on clearing up the meaning of the text, as much quoting scripture and tracing the roots as possible. Secondly, for idioms and allusions, it is necessary to indicate their origins, explain their original meanings, and also include their derivative meanings or metaphorical meanings. Thirdly, for all kinds of physical objects (such as architecture, costumes, official offices, official positions, Four Arts( qin, chess, calligraphy and painting), medicine, divination and astrology, etc.), the attempt is to turn specialized terms into common language in order to facilitate readers’ understanding.--[[User:Fu Hongyan|Fu Hongyan]] ([[User talk:Fu Hongyan|talk]]) 11:24, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==付诗雨 Fù Shīyǔ 日语语言文学 女 202120081486==&lt;br /&gt;
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其四，对于历史名人，则注明其所在朝代、简历及突出事迹。对于传说人物，则注明其出处及相关故事。其五，对于珍禽异兽、奇花异卉等，则注明其出处来历、奇异之处及相关故事。&lt;br /&gt;
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Fourthly, as for historical celebrities, their dynasties, resumes and outstanding deeds should be indicated. As for legendary figures, their sources and related stories should be indicated. Fifthly, as for rare birds and animals, unusual flowers and different plants, etc., their origins and histories, peculiar places and related stories should be indicated.--[[User:Fu Shiyu|Fu Shiyu]] ([[User talk:Fu Shiyu|talk]]) 14:36, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Fourthly, as for historical celebrities, their dynasties, resumes and outstanding deeds should be indicated. As for legendary figures, their sources and related stories should be indicated. Fifthly, as for rare birds and fabulous beasts, unusual flowers and different plants, etc., their origins and histories, peculiarities and related stories should be indicated.--[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 15:50, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==高蜜 Gāo Mì 翻译学 女 202120081487==&lt;br /&gt;
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其六，对于风俗、礼仪、节气等，则注明其形成沿革、具体内容。其七，对于谜语，则既要揭出谜底，又要解释谜语中的疑难词语、成语典故，还要说明谜底的根据。对于酒令，则要参照令谱，详述酒令的玩法及过程。&lt;br /&gt;
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Sixthly, in terms of customs, etiquette and solar terms, its formation, development and content should be indicated. Seventhly, in terms of riddles, answers should be uncovered and an explanation is expected to be given to the answer as well as to difficult words, idioms and allusions in the riddle. Finally, in terms of drinking games, elaboration should be given on the rules and the process according to the instruction manual.--[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 15:51, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==宫博雅 Gōng Bóyǎ 俄语语言文学 女 202120081488==&lt;br /&gt;
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其八，对于所引前人诗、词、曲、文等，皆要注明出处；诗、词、曲照录全文，文则节录相关的文字。其九，对于具有隐寓或暗示意味的诗、词、曲、文、成语、典故、谜语、酒令等，因其关系到故事情节的发展和人物性格、运命的描写，故除了作注释之外，还要揭示其隐藏的含义。总而言之，注文以释难为易、释疑为明为宗旨，以释义准确、释文简炼为目标。&lt;br /&gt;
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==何芩 Hé Qín 翻译学 女 202120081489==&lt;br /&gt;
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愿望虽然如此，但学力有限，经验欠缺，愿望能否实现，毫无把握。诚望方家指教，读者检验。&lt;br /&gt;
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第一回 甄士隐梦幻识通灵 贾雨村风尘怀闺秀&lt;br /&gt;
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Although I wish to do so, I am not sure whether my wish can be realized because of my limited learning and lack of experience.I hope that the readers will test it.&lt;br /&gt;
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Chapter 1 Hidden Turth&lt;br /&gt;
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Although I wish to do so, I am not sure whether the wish can come true with my limited ability and experience. Sincerely hope that other authors teach something and readers check it.&lt;br /&gt;
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Chapter 1 Zhen Shiyin, in a vision, apprehends spirituality. Jia Yucun, in the windy and dusty world, cherishes fond thoughts of a beautiful maiden. --[[User:Hu Shuqing|Hu Shuqing]] ([[User talk:Hu Shuqing|talk]]) 07:21, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==胡舒情 Hú Shūqíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081490==&lt;br /&gt;
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此开卷第一回也。作者自云：曾历过一番梦幻之后，故将真事隐去，而借“通灵”之说，撰此《石头记》一书也，故曰“甄士隐”云云。但书中所记何事何人&lt;br /&gt;
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This is the first chapter of the book. The author said that after going through the illusion, he prefered covering some truth and in virtue of mysticism wrote the novel ''The Story of the Stone''，so instead he used the name of  Zhen Shiyin as a major speaker. But things and people noted in it--[[User:Hu Shuqing|Hu Shuqing]] ([[User talk:Hu Shuqing|talk]]) 03:59, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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This is the first chapter of the book.Subsequent to the visions of a dream which he had，on some previous occasion，experienced，the writer personally relates，he designedly concealed the true circumstances，and borrowed the attributes of perception and spirituality to relate this story of the Record of the Stone. With this purpose，he made use of such designations as Chen Shih-yin and the like. What are，however，the events recorded in this work？--[[User:Huang Jinyun|Huang Jinyun]] ([[User talk:Huang Jinyun|talk]]) 10:19, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄锦云 Huáng Jǐnyún 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081491==&lt;br /&gt;
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自己又云：“今风尘碌碌，一事无成。忽念及当日所有之女子，一一细考较去，觉其行止见识，皆出我之上；我堂堂须眉，诚不若彼裙钗：我实愧则有馀，悔又无益，大无可如何之日也。当此日，欲将已往所赖天恩祖德，锦衣纨袴之时，饫甘餍肥之日，背父兄教育之恩，负师友规训之德，以致今日一技无成、半生潦倒之罪，编述一集，以告天下：知我之负罪固多，然闺阁中历历有人，万不可因我之不肖，自护己短，一并使其泯灭也。&lt;br /&gt;
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The author speaking for himself, goes on to explain, with the lack of success which attended every single concern, I suddenly bethought myself of the womankind of past ages. Passing one by one under a minute scrutiny, I felt that in action and in lore, one and all were far above me; that in spite of the majesty of my manliness, I could not, in point of fact, compare with these characters of the gentle sex. And my shame forsooth then knew no bounds; while regret, on the other hand, was of no avail, as there was not even a remote possibility of a day of remedy.On this very day it was that I became desirous to compile, in a connected form, for publication throughout the world, with a view to (universal) information, how that I bear inexorable and manifold retribution; inasmuch as what time, by the sustenance of the benevolence of Heaven, and the virtue of my ancestors, my apparel was rich and fine, and as what days my fare was savory and sumptuous, I disregarded the bounty of education and nurture of father and mother, and paid no heed to the virtue of precept and injunction of teachers and friends, with the result that I incurred the punishment, of failure recently in the least trifle, and the reckless waste of half my lifetime. There have been meanwhile, generation after generation, those in the inner chambers, the whole mass of whom could not, on any account, be, through my influence, allowed to fall into extinction, in order that I, unfilial as I have been, may have the means to screen my own shortcomings.--[[User:Huang Jinyun|Huang Jinyun]] ([[User talk:Huang Jinyun|talk]]) 12:42, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The author goes on to explain, with the lack of success which attended every single concern, I suddenly bethought myself of the womankind of past ages. Thinking of them one by one under a minute scrutiny, I felt that in action and in lore, one and all were far above me; that in spite of the majesty of my manliness, I could not, in point of fact, compare with these characters of the gentle sex. And my shame forsooth then knew no bounds; while regret, on the other hand, was of no avail, as there was not even a remote possibility of a day of remedy.On this very day it was that I became desirous to compile, in a connected form, for publication throughout the world, with a view to (universal) information, how that I bear inexorable and manifold retribution; inasmuch as what time, by the sustenance of the benevolence of Heaven, and the virtue of my ancestors, my apparel was rich and fine, and as what days my fare was savory and sumptuous, I disregarded the bounty of education and nurture of father and mother, and paid no heed to the virtue of precept and injunction of teachers and friends, with the result that I incurred the punishment, of failure recently in the least trifle, and the reckless waste of half my lifetime. There had been meanwhile, generation after generation, those in the inner chambers, the whole mass of whom could not, on any account, be, through my influence, allowed to fall into extinction, in order that I, unfilial as I have been, may have the means to hide my own shortcomings.--[[User:Huang Yiyan1|Huang Yiyan1]] ([[User talk:Huang Yiyan1|talk]]) 14:34, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄逸妍 Huáng Yìyán 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081492==&lt;br /&gt;
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所以蓬牖茅椽，绳床瓦灶，并不足妨我襟怀；况那晨风夕月，阶柳庭花，更觉得润人笔墨。我虽不学无文，又何妨用假语村言敷演出来，亦可使闺阁昭传，复可破一时之闷，醒同人之目，不亦宜乎？”故曰“贾雨村”云云。&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;Though my home is now a thatched cottage in which there are shabby windows, bed made of rope and earthen stove, all of these can not change my being broad and level. Besides, the morning breeze,  the dew of night, the willows by me steps and the flowers in the yard inspired me to wield my pen. Though I have little learning and literary talent, it doesn't matter if I tell a tale in rustic language to record those lovely girls. This should help readers distract them from their worries. And that's the reason why I use the name Rainvillage Merchant.&amp;quot;--[[User:Huang Yiyan1|Huang Yiyan1]] ([[User talk:Huang Yiyan1|talk]]) 13:27, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;Though my home is now a thatched cottage in which there are shabby windows, bed made of rope and earthen stove, all of these can not change my being broad and level. Besides, the morning breeze,  the dew of night, the willows by me steps and the flowers in the yard inspired me to wield my pen. Though I have little learning and literary talent, it doesn't matter if I tell a tale in rustic language to record those lovely girls. This should help readers distract them from their worries. And that's the reason why I use the name Jia Yucun.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zeng Junlin|Zeng Junlin]] ([[User talk:Zeng Junlin|talk]]) 14:19, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==曾俊霖 Zēng Jùnlín 国别 男 202120081478==&lt;br /&gt;
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更于篇中间用“梦”、“幻”等字，却是此书本旨，兼寓提醒阅者之意。看官：你道此书从何而起？说来虽近荒唐，细玩颇有趣味。&lt;br /&gt;
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In the middle of the article, the words &amp;quot;dream&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;fantasy&amp;quot; are the purpose of the book and the meaning of reminding readers. Reader: where did you start this book? Although it's absurd, it's fun to play.--[[User:Zeng Junlin|Zeng Junlin]] ([[User talk:Zeng Junlin|talk]]) 13:21, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄柱梁 Huáng Zhùliáng 国别 男 202120081493==&lt;br /&gt;
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却说那女娲氏炼石补天之时，于大荒山无稽崖，炼成高十二丈、见方二十四丈大的顽石三万六千五百零一块，那娲皇只用了三万六千五百块，单单剩下一块未用，弃在青埂峰下。谁知此石自经锻炼之后，灵性已通，自去自来，可大可小。因见众石俱得补天，独自己无才，不得入选，遂自怨自愧，日夜悲哀。一日，正当嗟悼之际，俄见一僧一道远远而来，生得骨格不凡，丰神迥异，来到这青埂峰下，席地坐谈。It is said that, once upon a time, when Nuwa was refining stones to mend the sky, she refined them into 36,501 pieces of hard stones 12-feet high and 24-feet square on the Wuji Cliff of the Da Huangshan Mountain. Numa, the creator of human beings in Chinese myth, only used 36,500 pieces, leaving only one unused and abandoned it under the Qinggeng Peak.Who knows, after the stone has been refined and created, its spirit has been passed. It can be big or small.Seeing that all the stones were able to mend the sky, he had no talent and could not be selected, so he complained and felt ashamed and mourned day and night. One day, at the time of mourning, he suddenly saw a monk and a Taoism priest with extraordinary personality  coming from afar. They came to the Qinggeng Peak and sat on the ground to talk.&lt;br /&gt;
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==金晓童 Jīn Xiǎotóng  202120081494==&lt;br /&gt;
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见着这块鲜莹明洁的石头，且又缩成扇坠一般，甚属可爱。那僧托于掌上，笑道：“形体倒也是个灵物了，只是没有实在的好处。须得再镌上几个字，使人人见了，便知你是件奇物。&lt;br /&gt;
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It was lovely to see this bright and clean stone shrinking like a fan. Resting on his palm, the monk smiled and said, &amp;quot;The body is a spiritual being, but it has no real benefit. Words had to be engraved so that everyone could see you and know that you were a wonder.--[[User:Jin Xiaotong|Jin Xiaotong]] ([[User talk:Jin Xiaotong|talk]]) 15:01, 20 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邝艳丽 Kuàng Yànl 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081495==&lt;br /&gt;
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然后携你到那昌明隆盛之邦、诗礼簪缨之族、花柳繁华地、温柔富贵乡那里去走一遭。”石头听了大喜，因问：“不知可镌何字？携到何方？望乞明示。”那僧笑道：“你且莫问，日后自然明白。”&lt;br /&gt;
Then take you there, a city-state of prosperity, a family of scholar, a place of flowers and willows. After listening, Stone asked rejoicingly: “I do not know  what word I can write? Where I will be taken to? I hope get your instruction.” The monk smiled, “You do not rush into answer, and you will know it some day.”--[[User:Kuang Yanli|Kuang Yanli]] ([[User talk:Kuang Yanli|talk]]) 11:24, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李爱璇 Lǐ Àixuán 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081496==&lt;br /&gt;
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说毕，便袖了，同那道人飘然而去，竟不知投向何方。又不知过了几世几劫，因有个空空道人访道求仙，从这大荒山无稽崖青埂峰下经过，忽见一块大石，上面字迹分明，编述历历。空空道人乃从头一看，原来是无才补天，幻形入世，被那茫茫大士、渺渺真人携入红尘、引登彼岸的一块顽石：上面叙着堕落之乡、投胎之处，以及家庭琐事、闺阁闲情、诗词谜语，倒还全备。&lt;br /&gt;
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Having concluded these words, he put the stone in his sleeve, and proceeded on his journey, in company with the Taoist priest. No one knows where he took the stone. Nor can it be known how many centuries and ages elapsed, before a Taoist priest, named K'ung K'ung, passed, during his researches after the eternal reason and his quest after immortality, by these Ta Huang Hills, Wu Ch'i cave and Ch'ing Keng Peak. Suddenly seeing a large stone, on the surface of which the handwriting on it is clear and the calendar is compiled, K'ung K'ung examined them from first to last. They, in fact, explained how that this stone had originally been devoid of the properties essential for the repairs to the heavens, how it would be transmuted into human form and introduced by Mang Mang the High Lord, and Miao Miao, the Divine, into the world of mortals, and how it would be led over the other bank (across the San Sara). On the surface, it describes the land of degeneration, the place of reincarnation, as well as family trivia, boudoir leisure, poetry, riddles, which could not be ascertained.--[[User:Li Aixuan|Li Aixuan]] ([[User talk:Li Aixuan|talk]]) 04:54, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李瑞洋 Lǐ Ruìyáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081497==&lt;br /&gt;
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只是朝代年纪，失落无考。后面又有一偈云：无才可去补苍天，枉入红尘若许年。此系身前身后事，倩谁记去作奇传？&lt;br /&gt;
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But the name of the dynasty and the year of the reign were obliterated and could not be confirmed. There was also a Buddhist verse following behind:&lt;br /&gt;
Lacking in virtues to mend the azure skies, &lt;br /&gt;
in vain I have been into the mortal world for many years. &lt;br /&gt;
These facts are of a former and after life,&lt;br /&gt;
but who will record a strange legend for me?--[[User:Li Ruiyang|Li Ruiyang]] ([[User talk:Li Ruiyang|talk]]) 03:57, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李姗 Lǐ Shān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081498==&lt;br /&gt;
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空空道人看了一回，晓得这石头有些来历，遂向石头说道：“石兄，你这一段故事，据你自己说来，有些趣味，故镌写在此，意欲闻世传奇。据我看来：第一件，无朝代年纪可考；第二件，并无大贤大忠理朝廷、治风俗的善政，其中只不过几个异样女子，或情或痴，或小才微善。我纵然抄去，也算不得一种奇书。”&lt;br /&gt;
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As the Taoist priest named Kongkong once has examined the stone, he had some idea about the story on it, and then said to the stone, &amp;quot;Brother, maybe in your opinion, the story inscribed on you is of some interest so as to be kept here to win a fame throughout the world. But to my mind, it is far from a legend book to be transcribed. Firstly, there are hardly any clues about the time period of the background; secondly, no outstanding governance regarding politics and costumes has been achieved by great talents or loyal officials, and what it mainly narrates are merely several unusual women, some stuck in love, some boasting subtle  intelligence and benevolence.&amp;quot;--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 09:02, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李双 Lǐ Shuāng 翻译学 女 202120081499==&lt;br /&gt;
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石头果然答道：“我师何必太痴？我想历来野史的朝代，无非假借汉、唐的名色；莫如我这石头所记，不借此套，只按自己的事体情理，反倒新鲜别致。况且那野史中，或讪谤君相，或贬人妻女，奸淫凶恶，不可胜数；更有一种风月笔墨，其淫秽污臭，最易坏人子弟。&lt;br /&gt;
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The stone answered: “Why are you so stubborn? I think the dynasties of unofficial history are nothing more than under the guise of Han, Tang. They are not as good as the stories recorded by me, a stone, which don’t follow the convention but according to the real facts and therefore are more novel on the contrary. Moreover, those unofficial histories are either slandering the emperor and his subjects, or belittling other people’s wives and children. There are countless descriptions of ferocity and adultery which are the most likely to have a bad influence on the younger generation.”--[[User:Li Shuang|Li Shuang]] ([[User talk:Li Shuang|talk]]) 10:54, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The stone answered: “Why are you so stubborn? I think the dynasties recorded in the unofficial histories are nothing more than under the guise of Han and Tang Dynasty. They are not as good as the stories recorded by me, a stone, which don’t follow the convention but according to the real facts and therefore are more novel on the contrary. Besides, those unofficial histories are either slandering the emperor and his subjects, or belittling other people’s wives and children. There are countless descriptions of ferocity and adultery which are most likely to have a bad influence on the younger generation.” --[[User:Li Wenxuan|Li Wenxuan]] ([[User talk:Li Wenxuan|talk]]) 11:10, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李文璇 Lǐ Wénxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081500==&lt;br /&gt;
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至于才子佳人等书，则又开口文君，满篇子建，千部一腔，千人一面，且终不能不涉淫滥。在作者不过要写出自己的两首情诗艳赋来，故假捏出男女二人名姓；又必旁添一小人拨乱其间，如戏中小丑一般。更可厌者，之乎者也，非理即文，大不近情，自相矛盾。&lt;br /&gt;
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As for the books about the talented and the beauties, they talked about Wen and Jun, the pages were also full of Zi and Jian. A thousand volumes present the same thing, and a thousand person are also in the same character. Moreover, they cannot avoid to some licentious things. The authors, who had to write several sentimental odes and elegant ballads, had falsely invented the names of both men and women, and also some bad guys who like a clown in a play made some troubles in there. As for the annoying men, they had nothing in their minds and talked about Li and Wen, which had no link with the targeted things and paradoxical in the whole.--[[User:Li Wenxuan|Li Wenxuan]] ([[User talk:Li Wenxuan|talk]]) 00:53, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
As for books related to talented scholars and beautiful ladies, he also talked about Wenjun, who is good at articles and is capricious, but he could not avoid prostitution in the end. The author just wants to write two of his own love poems, so he falsely pinches out the names of men and women; he must add a little person to make trouble in the meantime, like a clown in a play. The more annoying, the more it is, the unreasonable is the literary, the most unkind, self-contradictory.--[[User:Li Wen|Li Wen]] ([[User talk:Li Wen|talk]]) 03:24, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李雯 Lǐ Wén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081501==&lt;br /&gt;
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竟不如我这半世亲见亲闻的几个女子，虽不敢说强似前代书中所有之人，但观其事迹原委，亦可消愁破闷；至于几首歪诗，也可以喷饭供酒。其间离合悲欢，兴衰际遇，俱是按迹循踪，不敢稍加穿凿，至失其真。只愿世人当那醉馀睡醒之时，或避事消愁之际，把此一玩，不但是洗旧翻新，却也省了些寿命筋力，不更去谋虚逐妄了。&lt;br /&gt;
It’s not as good as the few women I’ve seen and heard about in this half of my life. Although I dare not say that she is  better than all the people in the books of the previous generations. Looking at their deeds, you can also relieve your sorrow and boredom. As for a few poor poems, you can also taste them while eating and drinking.The joys and sorrows, the ups and downs all follow the traces, daring not to  lose the truth. I only hope that when the world is awake, or when avoiding troubles and sorrows ,they can enjoy it, not only to renovate, but also to save some lifespan and energy, not to seek falsehood.--[[User:Li Wen|Li Wen]] ([[User talk:Li Wen|talk]]) 03:15, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I am not as good as the women I have seen and heard in my life. Though I cannot say that they are as good as all the people in the books of previous generations, I can relieve my sorrow and despair by watching their deeds. As for a few crooked poems, you can also spray rice for wine. During the separation of joys and sorrows, ups and downs, are all traced, dare not slightly cut, to lose its true. I only hope that when people wake up from their drunkenness, or when they are relieved of their sorrow, they will not only wash the old and renew it, but also save some strength of life, so as not to seek for false things.--[[User:Li Xinxing|Li Xinxing]] ([[User talk:Li Xinxing|talk]]) 04:39, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李新星 Lǐ Xīnxīng 亚非语言文学 女 202120081503==&lt;br /&gt;
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我师意为如何？”空空道人听如此说，思忖半晌，将这《石头记》再检阅一遍。因见上面大旨不过谈情，亦只是实录其事，绝无伤时诲淫之病，方从头至尾抄写回来，闻世传奇。&lt;br /&gt;
What do I mean?&amp;quot; Empty Taoist listen to say so, ponder a long time, will this &amp;quot;stone&amp;quot; review again. Seeing that the message above was only a talk of love, and only a record of it, without suffering from the disease of lewdness, I copied it back from beginning to end and heard the legend of the world.--[[User:Li Xinxing|Li Xinxing]] ([[User talk:Li Xinxing|talk]]) 04:38, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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What do I mean? &amp;quot; After hearing this, Taoist Kongkong thought for a long time and reviewed the stone story again. Seeing that the above general purpose is nothing but romance, it is only a factual record of its affairs, and there is no disease of obscenity at the time of injury, so I copied it back from beginning to end and heard the legend of the world.--[[User:Li Yi|Li Yi]] ([[User talk:Li Yi|talk]]) 04:35, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李怡 Lǐ Yí 法语语言文学 女 202120081504==&lt;br /&gt;
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从此空空道人因空见色，由色生情，传情入色，自色悟空，遂改名情僧，改《石头记》为《情僧录》。东鲁孔梅溪题曰《风月宝鉴》。后因曹雪芹于悼红轩中披阅十载，增删五次，纂成目录，分出章回，又题曰《金陵十二钗》，并题一绝。&lt;br /&gt;
Since then empty Taoist empty because of empty see color, from color feeling, feeling into color, since color wukong, then changed the name of the monk, &amp;quot;stone&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;love monk record&amp;quot;. Kong Meixi of The Eastern Lu dynasty wrote the book Fengyue Bao Jian. After cao Xueqin in mourning red xuan read ten years, add and delete five times, compiled into a directory, a chapter back, and the title yue ''Jinling twelve Hairpin'', and a must.--[[User:Li Yi|Li Yi]] ([[User talk:Li Yi|talk]]) 04:31, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Since then Empty Taoist saw form through emptiness, generated emotions due to form, into which emptiness was stilled and epiphany was revealed, he then changed his epithet  into Monk in Love, and changed ''The story of the Stone''  into ''Record of Monk in Love'', which was called ''Catalogue of Chinese Ancient Romance'' by Kong Meixi of The Eastern Lu dynasty. Afterwards Cao Xueqin read and amended it for ten years, revised and polished it for five times, and then compiled it into a directory with chapters and sections. Finally he entitled it ''The Twelve Flowers in Jinlin'' attached with a Chinese quatrain.--[[User:Liu Peiting|Liu Peiting]] ([[User talk:Liu Peiting|talk]]) 04:55, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘沛婷 Liú Pèitíng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081505==&lt;br /&gt;
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即此便是《石头记》的缘起。诗云：满纸荒唐言，一把辛酸泪。都云作者痴，谁解其中味?&lt;br /&gt;
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This was the origin of ''The Story of The Stone''. A poem once said, “the whole novel is full of absurd words, as well as bitter tears. People all consider the author crazy, but is there anyone who knows its true meaning？--[[User:Liu Peiting|Liu Peiting]] ([[User talk:Liu Peiting|talk]]) 07:22, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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This is the origin of ''The Story of the Stone''. The poem says: The pages were full of idle words which was penned with hot and bitter tears; All men call the author fool, but no one understood his secret message.--[[User:Liu Shengnan|Liu Shengnan]] ([[User talk:Liu Shengnan|talk]]) 08:25, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘胜楠 Liú Shèngnán 翻译学 女 202120081506==&lt;br /&gt;
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《石头记》缘起既明，正不知那石头上面记着何人何事？看官请听。按那石上书云：当日地陷东南，这东南有个姑苏城，城中阊门最是红尘中一二等富贵风流之地。&lt;br /&gt;
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Now that the origin of the stone is clear, let us see what was written on the stone. Dear readers, please listen. Long ago, the earth dipped downwards in the southeast where there was a city named Gusu; and the quarter around Changmen Gate of Gusu was one of the most fashionable centres of wealth and nobility in the world of men. --[[User:Liu Shengnan|Liu Shengnan]] ([[User talk:Liu Shengnan|talk]]) 02:10, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The origin of &amp;quot;The Story of the Stone&amp;quot; was clear, but did you know who or what was written on the stone? Please listen to me and go on. According to the record on the stone: One day, there was a subsidence in southeast and there was Gusu City. In the city, the quarter around Changmen Gate was one of the most fashionable centres of wealth and nobility in the world of men.  --[[User:Liu Wei|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei|talk]]) 03:13, 23 November 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘薇 Liú Wēi 国别 女 202120081507==&lt;br /&gt;
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这阊门外有个十里街，街内有个仁清巷，巷内有个古庙，因地方狭窄，人皆呼作“葫芦庙”。庙旁住着一家乡宦，姓甄名费，字士隐；嫡妻封氏，性情贤淑，深明礼义。家中虽不甚富贵，然本地也推他为望族了。&lt;br /&gt;
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Outside the city of Changmen gate, there was a Shili street and a Renqing lane was on the street. In the Renqing lane, there was an ancient temple called &amp;quot;Hulu temple&amp;quot; owing to it`s narrow location. Next to the temple lived a hometown official named Zhen Fei, courtesy named Shi Yin; his legal wife, surnamed Feng, was a virtuous person with a deep sense of courtesy and righteousness. Although the family was not very rich, the local people also thought that he was a prominent family.  --[[User:Liu Wei|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei|talk]]) 14:02, 21 November 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei&lt;br /&gt;
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Outside the Changmen gate was the Shili street and the Renqing lane, inside which was an ancient temple, called the &amp;quot;Gourd temple&amp;quot; for its narrow space. Next to the temple lived a retired official named Zhen Fei, whose courtesy name was Shi Yin; his legal wife Mrs. Feng was a virtuous person with a deep awareness of courtesy and righteousness. Although the family was not very rich, the locals also regarded him as a noble man.--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 15:19, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘晓 Liú Xiǎo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081508==&lt;br /&gt;
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因这甄士隐禀性恬淡，不以功名为念，每日只以观花种竹、酌酒吟诗为乐，倒是神仙一流人物。只是一件不足：年过半百，膝下无儿；只有一女，乳名英莲，年方三岁。一日炎夏永昼，士隐于书房闲坐，手倦抛书，伏几盹睡，不觉矇眬中走至一处，不辨是何地方。&lt;br /&gt;
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Zhen Shiyin had a tranquil mind, indifferent to fame or gain. The only fun in every day life was enjoying beautiful flowers and planting bamboo, drinking nectared wine and reciting poetry. What a fairy-like figure! There was only one pity, that is, though in his fifty years old, he had no son nut only one three-year-old daughter, named Yinglian. One day in the hot summer, Shenyin was sitting idly in his study. Tired, he threw away his book and fell asleep at his desk, drifting to a place he could not tell.--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 03:19, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Zhen Shiyin had a tranquil mind, indifferent to fame or gain. The only fun in every day life was enjoying beautiful flowers and planting bamboo, drinking nectared wine and reciting poetry. What a fairy-like figure! But there was one pity, that is, though in his fifty years old, he had no son nut only one three-year-old daughter, named Yinglian. One day in the hot summer, Shenyin was sitting idly in his study. He was so tired that he threw away his book and fell asleep at his desk, drifting to a place he could not tell.--[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 05:12, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘越 Liú Yuè 亚非语言文学 女 202120081509==&lt;br /&gt;
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忽见那厢来了一僧一道，且行且谈。只听道人问道：“你携了此物，意欲何往？”那僧笑道：“你放心。如今现有一段风流公案，正该了结，这一干风流冤家，尚未投胎人世。&lt;br /&gt;
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Unexpectedly he espied， in the opposite direction， two priests coming towards him： the one a Buddhist， the other a Taoist. As they advanced they kept up the conversation in which they were engaged. &amp;quot;Whither do you purpose taking the object you have brought away？&amp;quot; he heard the Taoist inquire. To this question the Buddhist replied with a smile： &amp;quot;Set your mind at ease，&amp;quot; he said； &amp;quot;there's now in maturity a plot of a general character involving mundane pleasures， which will presently come to a denouement. The whole number of the votaries of voluptuousness have， as yet， not been quickened or entered the world.--[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 05:07, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘运心 Liú Yùnxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081510==&lt;br /&gt;
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趁此机会，就将此物夹带于中，使他去经历经历。”那道人道：“原来近日风流冤家又将造劫历世，但不知起于何处，落于何方？”那僧道：“此事说来好笑。&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗安怡 Luó Ānyí 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081511==&lt;br /&gt;
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只因当年这个石头，娲皇未用，自己却也落得逍遥自在，各处去游玩。一日来到警幻仙子处，那仙子知他有些来历，因留他在赤霞宫中，名他为赤霞宫神瑛侍者。他却常在西方灵河岸上行走，看见那灵河岸上三生石畔有棵绛珠仙草，十分娇娜可爱，遂日以甘露灌溉，这绛珠草始得久延岁月。&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗曦 Luó Xī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081512==&lt;br /&gt;
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后来既受天地精华，复得甘露滋养，遂脱了草木之胎，幻化人形，仅仅修成女体，终日游于离恨天外，饥餐秘情果，渴饮灌愁水。只因尚未酬报灌溉之德，故甚至五内郁结着一段缠绵不尽之意。常说：‘自己受了他雨露之惠，我并无此水可还。&lt;br /&gt;
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==马新 Mǎ Xīn 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081513==&lt;br /&gt;
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他若下世为人，我也同去走一遭，但把我一生所有的眼泪还他，也还得过了。’因此一事，就勾出多少风流冤家都要下凡，造历幻缘，那绛珠仙草也在其中。今日这石正该下世，我来特地将他仍带到警幻仙子案前，给他挂了号，同这些情鬼下凡，一了此案。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛雅文 Máo Yǎwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081514==&lt;br /&gt;
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那道人道：“果是好笑，从来不闻有‘还泪’之说。趁此，你我何不也下世度脱几个，岂不是一场功德？”那僧道：“正合吾意。你且同我到警幻仙子宫中，将这蠢物交割清楚，待这一干风流孽鬼下世，你我再去。如今有一半落尘，然犹未全集。”&lt;br /&gt;
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The Taoist priest says:&amp;quot;It's really ridiculous. I have never heard of the saying of 'returning tears'. We can also take this opportunity to release several souls from purgatory (help several souls of the decease get rid of worldly sufferings). Isn't it a merit?&amp;quot; The monk replies:&amp;quot;It's exactly what I am hoping for. You and I are going to the palace of the fairy maiden Jing Huan, and to deliver such a jade and figure it out. When these dissolute and sinful evils all pass away, we will go to the afterlife. Half of them have fallen into the earthly world, but they have not yet gathered completely.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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The Taoist priest says:&amp;quot;It's really ridiculous. I have never heard of the saying of 'returning tears'. We can also take this opportunity to release several souls from purgatory (help several souls of the decease get rid of worldly sufferings). Isn't it a merit?&amp;quot; The monk replies:&amp;quot;It's exactly what I am hoping for. You and I will go the palace of the fairy maiden Jing Huan, and to deliver such a jade and figure it out. When these dissolute and sinful evils all pass away, we will go to the afterlife. Half of them have fallen into the earthly world, but they have not yet gathered completely.&amp;quot;--[[User:Mao You|Mao You]] ([[User talk:Mao You|talk]]) 06:56, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛优 Máo Yōu 俄语语言文学 女 202120081515==&lt;br /&gt;
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道人道：“既如此，便随你去来。”却说甄士隐俱听得明白，遂不禁上前施礼，笑问道：“二位仙师请了。”那僧、道也忙答礼相问。&lt;br /&gt;
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The Taoist said, &amp;quot;In that case, let's go with you.&amp;quot; Then Zhen Shiyin heard and understood, so he could not help but go forward to salute, smiling and saying, &amp;quot; Please, distinguished masters.&amp;quot; The monk and the Taoist also replied with manners.&lt;br /&gt;
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The Taoist said, &amp;quot;In that case, let's go with you.&amp;quot; Then Zhen Shiyin heard and understood, so he could not help but go forward to salute, smiling and saying, &amp;quot; Please, distinguished masters.&amp;quot; The monk and the Taoist also immediately replied with manners.--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 10:50, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==牟一心 Móu Yīxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081516==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐因说道：“适闻仙师所谈因果，实人世罕闻者。但弟子愚拙，不能洞悉明白。若蒙大开痴顽，备细一闻，弟子洗耳谛听，稍能警省，亦可免沉沦之苦了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Shi Yinyin said: &amp;quot;What you master talked about the cause and effect is definitely rare in the world. But I am stupid and can't fully understand it. If you can explain it for me to get rid of infatuation and stubbornness, I will listen to you carefully and then take warning from it, avoiding the suffering of enthrallment.&amp;quot;--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 08:01, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Shi Yin then said, &amp;quot;I have just heard you master's words about karma, a truly rare insight in the world. But I am too ignorant to understand it. If I could be enlightened by you two to get rid of infatuation and stubbornness, I would certainly listen carefully to all that you say and then take warning from it, avoiding the suffering of enthrallment.&amp;quot;--[[User:Peng Ruixue|Peng Ruixue]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruixue|talk]]) 07:54, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==彭瑞雪 Péng Ruìxuě 法语语言文学 女 202120081517==&lt;br /&gt;
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二仙笑道：“此乃玄机，不可预泄。到那时只不要忘了我二人，便可跳出火坑矣。”士隐听了，不便再问，因笑道：“玄机固不可泄露，但适云‘蠢物’，不知为何？或可得见否？”那僧说：“若问此物，倒有一面之缘。”&lt;br /&gt;
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The two immortals laughed and said, &amp;quot;It is something metaphysical and cannot be divulged in advance.  At that time, just don't forget the two of us, and you will be free from your predicament.&amp;quot; When Shi Yin heard this, he stopped pursuing the matter. He laughed and said, &amp;quot;Of course the mystery must not be divulged, but I don't quite understand what the 'stupid thing' is that you just mentioned. Perhaps I have a chance to see it?&amp;quot;  The monk said, &amp;quot;This thing you are asking about, you do have the fortune to see it.--[[User:Peng Ruixue|Peng Ruixue]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruixue|talk]]) 07:39, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==秦建安 Qín Jiànān 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081518==&lt;br /&gt;
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说着取出，递与士隐。士隐接了看时，原来是块鲜明美玉，上面字迹分明，镌着“通灵宝玉”四字，后面还有几行小字。正欲细看时，那僧便说已到幻境，就强从手中夺了去。&lt;br /&gt;
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He said and took it out to ShiYin. ShiYin received it and found it a bright beautiful jade in which there were four clear characters:Tong Ling Bao Yu followes by several lines of words.When ShiYin craved for a careful look, that monk said that he had reached the illusion, so he snatched it from ShiYin's hand.--[[User:Qing Jianan|Qing Jianan]] ([[User talk:Qing Jianan|talk]]) 02:57, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Then he said as he took it out and handed it to Shi Yin. Shi Yin took a look, and it turned out to be a piece of bright beautiful jade, with clear writing above, engraved with the “Tongling jade”. There were a few lines of small characters behind. When he was about to take a closer look, the monk said he had reached the dreamland and snatched the jade from his hands.--[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 01:47, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邱婷婷 Qiū Tíngtíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081519==&lt;br /&gt;
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和那道人竟过了一座大石牌坊，上面大书四字，乃是“太虚幻境”。两边又有一副对联道：假作真时真亦假，无为有处有还无。士隐意欲也跟着过去，方举步时，忽听一声霹雳，若山崩地陷。&lt;br /&gt;
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And with that Taoist priest actually passed a large stone archway, above which was engraved four big words, is “the Great Void Dreamland”.On both sides there was a pair of couplets: If false is taken as the truth, then truth is said to be lieing , when nothing is taken as being, then being itself is turned into nothing. Shih-yin also wanted to pass the big stone archway, but the moment he was about to raise his foot, he heard a crack of thunder which sounded as if the hills were rending asunder and the earth falling in.--[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 02:52, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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And that Taoist passed a large stone pagoda, written on it four big words, is &amp;quot;Taixu fantasy realm&amp;quot;. On both sides, there is a couplet saying: &amp;quot;Falsehood is true when it is true, and there is nothing where there is nothing&amp;quot;. Shi Yin also wanted to follow, when just ready to raise his feet, he heard a thunderbolt all of a sudden, as if a landslide happened.--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 02:48, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==饶金盈 Ráo Jīnyíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081520==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐大叫一声，定睛看时，只见烈日炎炎，芭蕉冉冉，梦中之事便忘了一半。又见奶母抱了英莲走来。士隐见女儿越发生得粉装玉琢，乖觉可喜，便伸手接来，抱在怀中，斗他玩耍一会。&lt;br /&gt;
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Shi Yin cried out, and when he fixed his eyes, only seeing the sun is shining, the weather is bright, and the plantains are flourishing, and then he forgot half of his dream. Later, the lactating mother coming with Yinglian in her arms. When Shi Yin noted that his daughter was becoming more and more beautiful and cute, he reached out and took her in his arms, and teased her for a while.--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 02:43, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Shiyin cried out, fixing his eyes on the blazing sun and supplely drooping banana leaves, only to be oblivious to half of his dream. Then the wet nurse came over with Yinglian in her arms. Shiyin perceived that his daughter became so fair and lovely that he couldn’t wait to cradle her in his arms to amuse her.--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 05:48, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Headline text ==&lt;br /&gt;
==石丽青 Shí Lìqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081521==&lt;br /&gt;
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又带至街前，看那过会的热闹。方欲进来时，只见从那边来了一僧一道：那僧癞头跣足，那道跛足蓬头，疯疯癫癫，挥霍谈笑而至。及到了他门前，看见士隐抱着英莲，那僧便大哭起来，又向士隐道：“施主，你把这有命无运、累及爹娘之物抱在怀内作甚？”&lt;br /&gt;
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Shiyin then took his lovely daughter out into the street to see the lively meeting. When he was about to enter the door, he saw a monk and a Taoist priest coming from the other side: the monk had ringworm on his head and no shoes or socks on his feet; the Taoist priest was characterized by lameness and untidy hair. They came over, crazy, talking and laughing. When they got to Shiyin’s door, seeing him holding Yinglian in his arms. The monk began to cry and said to Shiyin, “ Benefactor, why did you cradle such an ill-fated and encumbering child in your arms？”--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 01:35, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Shiyin then took his lovely daughter to the street to see the lively agora. When he was about to enter the door, he saw a monk and a Taoist priest coming from the other side: the monk had ringworm on his head and no shoes or socks on his feet; the Taoist priest was characterized by lameness and untidy hair. They acted like a lunatic and came over,talking and laughing. When they got to Shiyin’s door, seeing him holding Yinglian in his arms. The monk began to cry and said to Shiyin, “ Benefactor, why did you cradle such an ill-fated and encumbering child in your arms？”--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 06:06, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==孙雅诗 Sūn Yǎshī 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081522==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐听了，知是疯话，也不睬他。那僧还说：“舍我罢，舍我罢。”士隐不耐烦，便抱着女儿转身。&lt;br /&gt;
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After listening to him,Shiyin knew that it's crazy words and ignored him.But the monk also said:&amp;quot;Give her to me,give her to me.&amp;quot; Shiyin was impatient,so he held his daughter and turned to leave.--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 05:59, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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After listening to him, Shiyin knew that it was lunatic ravings and ignored him. But the monk complemented:&amp;quot;Give her to me, give her to me.&amp;quot; Shiyin got impatient, so he embraced his daughter and turned around. --[[User:Wang Lifei|Wang Lifei]] ([[User talk:Wang Lifei|talk]]) 12:14, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王李菲 Wáng Lǐfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081523==&lt;br /&gt;
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才要进去，那僧乃指着他大笑，口内念了四句言词，道是：惯养娇生笑你痴，菱花空对雪澌澌。好防佳节元宵后，便是烟消火灭时。&lt;br /&gt;
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When he was about to get in, the monk pointed at him and laughed, mumbling four sentences, which mean “how crazy that you pamper your daughter like this, (see you embrace Yinglian), just like the summer lotus are exposed to the winter snow. Beware of the days after the Lantern Festival, then there is a fire to vanish everything.”--[[User:Wang Lifei|Wang Lifei]] ([[User talk:Wang Lifei|talk]]) 03:03, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
When he wanted to go in, the monk pointed at him and laughed, saying…--[[User:Wang Yifan21|Wang Yifan21]] ([[User talk:Wang Yifan21|talk]]) 06:56, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王逸凡 Wáng Yìfán 亚非语言文学 女 202120081524==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐听得明白，心下犹豫，意欲问他来历，只听道人说道：“你我不必同行，就此分手，各干营生去罢。三劫后，我在北邙山等你，会齐了，同往太虚幻境销号。”那僧道：“最妙，最妙。”&lt;br /&gt;
Shi Yin understood and hesitated, intending to ask him where he came from. The Taoist said, &amp;quot;You and I don't need to go together. Three days later, I wait for you in north mangshan, meet together, with the imaginary land sales number.&amp;quot; The monk said, &amp;quot;The best, the best.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wang Yifan21|Wang Yifan21]] ([[User talk:Wang Yifan21|talk]]) 06:44, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王镇隆 Wáng Zhènlóng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 男 202120081525==&lt;br /&gt;
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说毕，二人一去，再不见个踪影了。士隐心中此时自忖：“这两个人必有来历，很该问他一问，如今后悔却已晚了。”这士隐正在痴想，忽见隔壁葫芦庙内寄居的一个穷儒，姓贾名化、表字时飞、别号雨村的走来。&lt;br /&gt;
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==卫怡雯 Wèi Yíwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081526==&lt;br /&gt;
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这贾雨村原系湖州人氏，也是诗书仕宦之族。因他生于末世，父母祖宗根基已尽，人口衰丧，只剩得他一身一口。在家乡无益，因进京求取功名，再整基业。&lt;br /&gt;
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Jia Yucun was born in Huzhou and came from a family of Confucian scholars and officials. Because he was born in last phase of age, the roots of his ancestors had died out. Family declined, and left him alone. He found no benefit in hometown, so he went to Beijing to strive for fame and tried to make another solid foundation for family.--[[User:Wei Yiwen|Wei Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Wei Yiwen|talk]]) 03:10, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Jia Yucun came from Huzhou and was born in a family of scholars and officials. However, because he was born in the last phase of the age, the root of his ancestors had died out and family declined, leaving him alone in the world. He found no benefit in hometown, so he went to Beijing to strive for success and fame and tried to make the revitalization of his family.--[[User:Wei Chuxuan|Wei Chuxuan]] ([[User talk:Wei Chuxuan|talk]]) 04:46, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏楚璇 Wèi Chǔxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081527==&lt;br /&gt;
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自前岁来此，又淹蹇住了，暂寄庙中安身，每日卖文作字为生，故士隐常与他交接。当下雨村见了士隐，忙施礼陪笑道：“老先生倚门伫望，敢街市上有甚新闻么？”士隐笑道：“非也。适因小女啼哭，引他出来作耍。正是无聊的很，贾兄来得正好，请入小斋，彼此俱可消此永昼。” &lt;br /&gt;
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Since arriving in Beijing the year before last, Jia Yuchun had led a hard life, living only in a temple. He wrote poems and articles in exchange for money every day, so Shiyin often often met with him. Once Yucun saw Shiyin, hurriedly saluted and said with a smile, &amp;quot; Sir, you are leaning on the door and looking at something. Is there any news in the market?&amp;quot; Shiyin smiled and said, &amp;quot;No. Just because my little girl cried, so I took her out to play. I am so bored now and you are so nice to appear in time. Please come into my study with me, so that we can both kill the boring time.&amp;quot; --[[User:Wei Chuxuan|Wei Chuxuan]] ([[User talk:Wei Chuxuan|talk]]) 03:35, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Since arriving in Beijing the year before last, Jia Yuchun found himself in difficult conditions and desperate straits. He lived only in a temple and made a living by writing in exchange for money every day, so Shiyin often met with him. At that moment, Yucun saw Shiyin, hurriedly saluted and said with smile, &amp;quot; An old gentleman as you, leaning on the door and looking at something, I wander that is there any news in the street?&amp;quot; Shiyin smiled and said, &amp;quot;Hardly, just because my little girl cried, so I take her out to play. I am so bored now and you‘ve come just at the right moment. Please come into my study, so that we can spend the long day together.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wei Zhaoyan|Wei Zhaoyan]] ([[User talk:Wei Zhaoyan|talk]]) 14:13, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏兆妍 Wèi Zhàoyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081528==&lt;br /&gt;
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说着，便令人送女儿进去。自携了雨村来至书房中，小童献茶。方谈得三五句话，忽家人飞报：“严老爷来拜。”&lt;br /&gt;
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While he was talking, he asked someone to take his daughter back to her room. Then he took Yucun to his study, and a child offered a cup of tea for each of them. But just said a few words, suddenly the family member came quickly to say that &amp;quot;Master Yan came to visit.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wei Zhaoyan|Wei Zhaoyan]] ([[User talk:Wei Zhaoyan|talk]]) 07:30, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴婧悦 Wú Jìngyuè 俄语语言文学 女 202120081529==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐慌忙起身谢道：“恕诓驾之罪。且请略坐，弟即来奉陪。”雨村起身也让道：“老先生请便。晚生乃常造之客，稍候何妨！”说着，士隐已出前厅去了。&lt;br /&gt;
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Shiying stood up hurriedly and said, &amp;quot; Excuse me.Please sit for a moment first, and I will entertain you at once.&amp;quot; Yucun also stood up and answered:&amp;quot; Old gentleman, you go. I often come to you here as a guest, wait a little while is not the matter!&amp;quot; Said, Shiying had walked out of the guest room.--[[User:Wu Jingyue|Wu Jingyue]] ([[User talk:Wu Jingyue|talk]]) 02:51, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
Shiyin hurriedly got up and thanked, &amp;quot;excuse the crime of cheating driving. Please sit down and my brother will accompany you.&amp;quot; Yucun got up and said, &amp;quot;please help yourself, sir. My late life is a regular guest. Why not wait a minute!&amp;quot; said Shiyin, who had left the front hall.--[[User:Wu Yinghong|Wu Yinghong]] ([[User talk:Wu Yinghong|talk]]) 13:44, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴映红 Wú Yìnghóng 日语语言文学 女 202120081530==&lt;br /&gt;
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这里雨村且翻弄诗籍解闷，忽听得窗外有女子嗽声。雨村遂起身往外一看，原来是一个丫鬟在那里掐花儿：生的仪容不俗，眉目清秀，虽无十分姿色，却也有动人之处。雨村不觉看得呆了。那甄家丫鬟掐了花儿，方欲走时，猛抬头见窗内有人：敝巾旧服，虽是贫窘，然生得腰圆背厚，面阔口方，更兼剑眉星眼，直鼻方腮。&lt;br /&gt;
Here in the rain village, I turned to poetry books to relieve my boredom. Suddenly I heard a woman coughing outside the window. Yucun then got up and looked out. It turned out that it was a servant girl pinching flowers there: Sheng's appearance was not vulgar and his eyebrows were beautiful. Although he was not very beautiful, he was also moving. Yucun was stunned. The Zhen servant girl pinched the flowers. When Fang was about to leave, she suddenly looked up and saw someone in the window: Although I was poor and embarrassed, I had a round waist, thick back, wide face and square mouth. I also had sword eyebrows, star eyes, straight nose and square cheeks.&lt;br /&gt;
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Yuncun was reading poems to relieve his boredom, suddenly hearing a girl outside the window coughing. Yucun stood up and found a housemaid picking flowers: she was of good appearance and pretty features. Although she was not perfect, she had something touching. Yucun felt stunned. The girl had pinched the flowers and was about to leave when she suddenly raised her head and saw someone in the window. In rags, he had a round waist and a thick back, a wide face and a square mouth, with a sword eyebrow and star eyes, a straight nose and a square cheek.--[[User:Xiao Yiyao|Xiao Yiyao]] ([[User talk:Xiao Yiyao|talk]]) 10:14, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531==&lt;br /&gt;
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这丫鬟忙转身回避，心下自想：“这人生的这样雄壮，却又这样褴褛。我家并无这样贫窘亲友，想他定是主人常说的什么贾雨村了。怪道又说他必非久困之人，每每有意帮助周济他，只是没什么机会。”如此一想，不免又回头一两次。雨村见他回头，便以为这女子心中有意于他，遂狂喜不禁，自谓此女子必是个巨眼英豪，风尘中之知己。&lt;br /&gt;
The housemaid turned away quickly and said to herself:” the man is so grand and ragged. I don’t have such deprived friends and relatives, thus he must be Jia Yucun that the master has mentioned frequently. It’s said that he will not be trapped in poverty for a long time. The master has meant to help him but doesn’t find a proper chance.”  At the thought of this, she looked back for several times, which misled Yu Cun to think the girl was attracted by him and felt very excited. He believed that the girl must have  a pair of wisdom eye and was his true friend in difficulty.--[[User:Xiao Yiyao|Xiao Yiyao]] ([[User talk:Xiao Yiyao|talk]]) 02:16, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The housemaid turned away hurriedly and thought to herself:” the man is so strong, but his clothes are shabby. I don’t have such deprived friends and relatives, thus he must be Jia Yucun that the master has mentioned frequently. It’s said that he will not be trapped in poverty for a long time. The master has always meant to help him but doesn’t find a proper chance.”  At the thought of this, she looked back for several times, which misled Yu Cun to think the girl was attracted by him and felt very excited. He believed that the girl must have a good taste and was his true friend in difficulty.--[[User:Xie Jiafen|Xie Jiafen]] ([[User talk:Xie Jiafen|talk]]) 11:27, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532==&lt;br /&gt;
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一时小童进来，雨村打听得前面留饭，不可久待，遂从夹道中，自便门出去了。士隐待客既散，知雨村已去，便也不去再邀。一日，到了中秋佳节。&lt;br /&gt;
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When a child came in, yucun heard that the host entertained the guests meal. Therefore, he knew that he couldn't stay long, so he went out through the lane and went out by himself. Later, Shiyin had already served guests, knowing that yucun had gone, so he didn't invite again. One day, it was the Mid Autumn Festival.&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢庆琳 Xiè Qìnglín 俄语语言文学 女 202120081533==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐家宴已毕，又另具一席于书房，自己步至庙中来邀雨村。原来雨村自那日见了甄家丫鬟曾回顾他两次，自谓是个知己，便时刻放在心上。今又正值中秋，不免对月有怀，因而口占五言一律云：&lt;br /&gt;
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==熊敏 Xióng Mǐn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081534==&lt;br /&gt;
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未卜三生愿，频添一段愁。闷来时敛额，行去几回头。自顾风前影，谁堪月下俦？蟾光如有意，先上玉人楼。&lt;br /&gt;
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==徐敏赟 Xú Mǐnyūn 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 男 202120081535==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村吟罢，因又思及平生抱负，苦未逢时，乃又搔首对天长叹，复高吟一联云：玉在椟中求善价，钗于奁内待时飞。恰值士隐走来听见，笑道：“雨村兄真抱负不凡也！”&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜静 Yán Jìng 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 女 202120081536==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村忙笑道：“不敢。不过偶吟前人之句，何期过誉如此！”因问：“老先生何兴至此？”士隐笑道：“今夜中秋，俗谓团圆之节。想尊兄旅寄僧房，不无寂寥之感。故特具小酌，邀兄到敝斋一饮。不知可纳芹意否？”&lt;br /&gt;
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Yucun laughed and hurriedly said, &amp;quot;No no, I just recite the words of the predecessors. You speak too highly of me!&amp;quot; he asked, &amp;quot;Why did you come here, sir?&amp;quot; Shiyin smiled, &amp;quot;Tonight is the reunion time of Mid Autumn Festival. You lodged with a monk's room alone. So I come to invite you to have a drink with me. What do you think?&amp;quot;--[[User:Yan Jing|Yan Jing]] ([[User talk:Yan Jing|talk]]) 10:51, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜莉莉 Yán Lìlì 国别 女 202120081537==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村听了，并不推辞，便笑道：“既蒙谬爱，何敢拂此盛情！”说着，便同士隐复过这边书院中来了。须臾茶毕，早已设下杯盘，那美酒佳肴，自不必说。&lt;br /&gt;
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Hearing this, Yucun did not refuse, but said with a smile: &amp;quot;Since I am indebted to you, I dare not live up to this feeling.&amp;quot; Then he and Shiyin came to the academy here. In a moment they had finished their tea, and a feast had already been set up, with wine and food, in which the delicacy was all.&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜子涵 Yán Zǐhán 国别 女 202120081538==&lt;br /&gt;
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二人归坐，先是款酌慢饮；渐次谈至兴浓，不觉飞觥献斝起来。当时街坊上家家箫管，户户笙歌；当头一轮明月，飞彩凝辉。二人愈添豪兴，酒到杯干。&lt;br /&gt;
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==阳佳颖 Yáng Jiāyǐng 国别 女 202120081540==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村此时已有七八分酒意，狂兴不禁，乃对月寓怀，口占一绝云：时逢三五便团圆，满把清光护玉栏。天上一轮才捧出，人间万姓仰头看。士隐听了，大叫：“妙极！弟每谓兄必非久居人下者，今所吟之句，飞腾之兆已现，不日可接履于云霄之上了。可贺，可贺！”&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨爱江 Yáng Àijiāng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081541==&lt;br /&gt;
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乃亲斟一斗为贺。雨村饮干，忽叹道：“非晚生酒后狂言，若论时尚之学，晚生也或可去充数挂名。只是如今行李路费，一概无措，神京路远，非赖卖字撰文，即能到得。”士隐不待说完，便道：“兄何不早言？弟已久有此意，但每遇兄时，并未谈及，故未敢唐突。今既如此，弟虽不才，‘义利’二字，却还识得。且喜明岁正当大比，兄宜作速入都，春闱一捷，方不负兄之所学。其盘费馀事，弟自代为处置，亦不枉兄之谬识矣。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨堃 Yáng Kūn 法语语言文学 女 202120081542==&lt;br /&gt;
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当下即命小童进去，速封五十两白银并两套冬衣。又云：“十九日乃黄道之期，兄可即买舟西上。待雄飞高举，明冬再晤，岂非大快之事！”雨村收了银、衣，不过略谢一语，并不介意，仍是吃酒谈笑。&lt;br /&gt;
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Shiyin immediately ordered the child to go in and quickly seal fifty liang silver and two sets of winter clothes. And he also said, &amp;quot;the 19th of March is the time of the zodiac, and you can buy a boat to the west. Isn't it a great pleasure to wait for triumph of the war[1] and meet again the next winter?&amp;quot; Yucun received the silver and clothes, but he thanked Shiyin a little. He didn't mind and was still drinking wine, talking and laughing.&lt;br /&gt;
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[1]The war between Li Zicheng and the emperor Chongzhen. On March 19 of the lunar calendar in 1644, Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty hanged himself. Then, Li Zicheng entered Beijing to overthrow the Ming Dynasty.--[[User:Yang Kun|Yang Kun]] ([[User talk:Yang Kun|talk]]) 03:23, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Shiyin immediately ordered the child in and seal fifty liang silver and two suits of winter clothes quickly. Then he said, &amp;quot;the 19th of March is favorable time, and you can buy a boat to the west. Isn't it a great pleasure to wait for triumph of the war[1] and meet again the next winter?&amp;quot; Yucun received the silver and clothes, but he thanked Shiyin a little. He didn't mind and was still drinking wine, talking and laughing.&lt;br /&gt;
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[1]The war between Li Zicheng and the emperor Chongzhen. On March 19 of the lunar calendar in 1644, Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty hanged himself. Then, Li Zicheng entered Beijing to overthrow the Ming Dynasty.--[[User:Yang Liuqing|Yang Liuqing]] ([[User talk:Yang Liuqing|talk]]) 12:15, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨柳青 Yáng Liǔqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081543==&lt;br /&gt;
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那天已交三鼓，二人方散。士隐送雨村去后，回房一觉，直至红日三竿方醒。因思昨夜之事，意欲写荐书两封与雨村，带至都中去，使雨村投谒个仕宦之家，为寄身之地。&lt;br /&gt;
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==叶维杰 Yè Wéijié 国别 男 202120081544==&lt;br /&gt;
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因使人过去请时，那家人回来说：“和尚说：贾爷今日五鼓已进京去了，也曾留下话与和尚转达老爷，说：‘读书人不在黄道黑道，总以事理为要，不及面辞了。’”士隐听了，也只得罢了。真是闲处光阴易过，倏忽又是元宵佳节。&lt;br /&gt;
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==易扬帆 Yì Yángfān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081545==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐令家人霍启抱了英莲，去看社火花灯。半夜中霍启因要小解，便将英莲放在一家门槛上坐着。待他小解完了来抱时，那有英莲的踪影。&lt;br /&gt;
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Zhen Shiyin asked his family member Huo Qi to carry Yinglian and go to see the lanterns. In the middle of the night, Huo Qi had to take a piss, so he left Yinglian sitting on the threshold of a door. When he came to carry her after taking a piss, there was no sign of Yinglian.&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷慧珍 Yīn Huìzhēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081546==&lt;br /&gt;
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急的霍启直寻了半夜，至天明不见。那霍启也不敢回来见主人，便逃往他乡去了。那士隐夫妇见女儿一夜不归，便知有些不好。再使几人去找寻，回来皆云影响全无。&lt;br /&gt;
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Huo Qi was so anxious that he looked for her all night and did not find her by dawn. So he did not dare to return to meet the host and he fled to his hometown. Mr. and Mrs. Shi Yin felt something is about to go wrong when they found their daughter didn't go home all night.  They sent more people to look for her, but when they came back they said they didn't have any trace of her.--[[User:Yin Huizhen|Yin Huizhen]] ([[User talk:Yin Huizhen|talk]]) 14:22, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Being so anxious, Huo Qi looked for her all night but in vain till dawn. Dare not to return to his master, he fled to another place. Mr. and Mrs. Shi Yin felt something wrong when their daughter didn't go home all night. More people were sent to look for her, but only to find no trace of her.--[[User:Yin Meida|Yin Meida]] ([[User talk:Yin Meida|talk]]) 14:11, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷美达 Yīn Měidá 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081547==&lt;br /&gt;
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夫妻二人半世只生此女，一旦失去，何等烦恼，因此昼夜啼哭，几乎不顾性命。看看一月，士隐已先得病，夫人封氏也因思女搆疾，日日请医问卦。不想这日三月十五，葫芦庙中炸供，那和尚不小心，油锅火逸，便烧着窗纸。&lt;br /&gt;
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The couple, having spent half of their lifetime, couldn't bear the thought of losing their only child. They wept day and night, almost risking their lives. In January, Shi Yin was already sick, and his wife Feng shi also fell ill for missing her daughter excessively and had to see doctors and fortunetellers everyday. Unfortunately, on March 15, when frying tributes in the calabash Temple, the careless monk let the fire escape from the oil boiler, which set the window paper on fire.--[[User:Yin Meida|Yin Meida]] ([[User talk:Yin Meida|talk]]) 14:57, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==尹媛 Yǐn Yuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081548==&lt;br /&gt;
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此方人家俱用竹篱木壁，也是劫数应当如此，于是接二连三，牵五挂四，将一条街烧得如火焰山一般。彼时虽有军民来救，那火已成了势了，如何救得下，直烧了一夜方熄，也不知烧了多少人家。只可怜甄家在隔壁，早成了一堆瓦砾场了，只有他夫妇并几个家人的性命不曾伤了，急的士隐惟跌足长叹而已。&lt;br /&gt;
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This family deserves this fate for using bamboos and wood as hedge. One by one, the whole street burnt like the Mountain of Flames. At that time, though the army and people came for rescue, the fire had already been too large to put out. It didn't burn until the morning. It cannot be estimated that how many houses had been destroyed. Poor Zhen's house next door had turned into a pile of rubble, only the couple and the families unhurt, which made Zhen Shiyin anxious and sigh deeply.--[[User:Yin Yuan|Yin Yuan]] ([[User talk:Yin Yuan|talk]]) 14:44, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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This family deserved this fate for using bamboos and wood as hedge. One house by one house, the whole street burnt like the Mountain of Flames. At that time, though the army and people came for rescue, the fire had already been too large to put out. It didn't burn until the morning. It cannot be estimated that how many houses had been destroyed. The fire had turned Poor Zhen's house next door into a pile of rubble, only the couple and several families unhurt, which made Zhen Shiyin anxious and sigh deeply.--[[User:Zhan Ruoxuan|Zhan Ruoxuan]] ([[User talk:Zhan Ruoxuan|talk]]) 10:47, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==詹若萱 Zhān Ruòxuān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081549==&lt;br /&gt;
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与妻子商议，且到田庄上去住。偏值近年水旱不收，贼盗蜂起，官兵剿捕，田庄上又难以安身。只得将田地都折变了，携了妻子与两个丫鬟，投他岳丈家去。&lt;br /&gt;
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He discussed with his wife, and went to live on the farm. However, in recent years, harvests have been ruined by flood and drought, and thieves and robbers have been rising. It was difficult to settle down on the farm. He had to sell his lands at a discount and took his wife and two maids to seek his father-in-law's help.--[[User:Zhan Ruoxuan|Zhan Ruoxuan]] ([[User talk:Zhan Ruoxuan|talk]]) 10:42, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张秋怡 Zhāng Qiūyí 亚非语言文学 女 202120081550==&lt;br /&gt;
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他岳丈名唤封肃，本贯大如州人氏，虽是务农，家中却还殷实。今见女婿这等狼狈而来，心中便有些不乐。幸而士隐还有折变田产的银子在身边，拿出来托他随便置买些房地，以为后日衣食之计。&lt;br /&gt;
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His father-in-law's name was Feng Su. His native place was Daruzhou. Although he was a farmer, his family was well off. Now, seeing her son-in-law come in such a discomfiture, I felt unhappy. Fortunately, there are hidden converted field of silver in the side, took out to entrust him to buy some premises, that the day after the means of food and clothing.--[[User:Zhang Qiuyi|Zhang Qiuyi]] ([[User talk:Zhang Qiuyi|talk]]) 10:19, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张扬 Zhāng Yáng 国别 男 202120081551==&lt;br /&gt;
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那封肃便半用半赚的，略与他些薄田破屋。士隐乃读书之人，不惯生理稼穑等事，勉强支持了一二年，越发穷了。封肃见面时，便说些现成话儿；且人前人后，又怨他不会过，只一味好吃懒做。&lt;br /&gt;
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==张怡然 Zhāng Yírán 俄语语言文学 女 202120081552==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐知道了，心中未免悔恨；再兼上年惊唬，急忿怨痛：暮年之人，那禁得贫病交攻，竟渐渐的露出那下世的光景来。可巧这日拄了拐，扎挣到街前散散心时，忽见那边来了一个跛足道人，疯狂落拓，麻鞋鹑衣，口内念着几句言词道：&lt;br /&gt;
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When Hidden Truth found out about this, he felt remorse in his heart; he was also frightened of the previous year, and he felt angry and resentful: a man in his twilight years, who could not help being attacked by poverty and illness, was gradually revealing the scene of his next life. It happened that when he was on crutches, he went to the street for a walk, and suddenly he saw a crippled Taoist, crazy and untidy, with sackcloth shoes and quails, reciting a few words under his breath.--[[User:Zhang Yiran|Zhang Yiran]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yiran|talk]]) 02:26, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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When Hidden Truth found out this, he felt remorse in his heart; he was also frightened of the previous year, angry and resentful: a man in his twilight， who could not be able to be attacked by poverty and illness, was gradually revealing the scene of his next life. It happened that when he was on crutches, he went to the street for a walk, and suddenly he saw a crippled Taoist, crazy and untidy, with ragged shoes and clothes，reciting a few words under his breath.--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 07:00, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟义菲 Zhōng Yìfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081553==&lt;br /&gt;
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世人都晓神仙好，惟有功名忘不了。古今将相在何方？荒冢一堆草没了。世人都晓神仙好，只有金银忘不了。终朝只恨聚无多，及到多时眼闭了。&lt;br /&gt;
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The common people know that immortals are good, but they can't forget their achievements and fame. Where are the generals and prime ministers from ancient times to the present？What we can see are just deserted graves full of grass. The common people  know that immortals are good, but they can‘t forget gold and silver. Till the end of life，they would regret their inability to create as much wealth as possible when they are alive and regret they are going to the heaven after they have accumulated plenty of wealth.--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 02:42, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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All the common people know that immortals are good, but they can't forget their achievements and ambitions. Where are the great ones of old？They are just deserted graves full of grass. All the common people know that immortals are good, but they can‘t forget gold and silver. They grub for money all their lives until death seals up their eyes.--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 07:24, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟雨露 Zhōng Yǔlù 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081554==&lt;br /&gt;
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世人都晓神仙好，只有姣妻忘不了。君生日日说恩情，君死又随人去了。世人都晓神仙好，只有儿孙忘不了。痴心父母古来多，孝顺子孙谁见了？&lt;br /&gt;
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All men want to be immortals, but dote on the wives they’ve married. Those who swear to love their husband forever, but  remarry as soon as he’s dead. All men want to be immortals, but dote on the sons they’ve gotten. Although infatuated parents are numerous, who ever saw really filial sons or daughters?--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 02:05, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Everyone in the world knows that the gods are good, but only the pretty wife can't forget. You swear to remember your husband’s  kindness, but when your husband die, you go away with others. Everyone knows that the gods are good, but only the children and grandchildren cannot be forgotten. There are many loving parents in the past, but who has seen the filial children?--[[User:Zhou Jiu|Zhou Jiu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Jiu|talk]]) 09:04, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周玖 Zhōu Jiǔ 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081555==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐听了，便迎上来道：“你满口说些什么？只听见些‘好’、‘了’，‘好’、‘了’。”那道人笑道：“你若果听见‘好’、‘了’二字，还算你明白。可知世上万般，好便是了，了便是好：若不了，便不好；若要好，须是了。我这歌儿便叫《好了歌》。&lt;br /&gt;
When the hermit heard it, he came up and said, &amp;quot;What are you talking about ?&amp;quot; I just hear 'Hao’ (means good), 'Liao' (means end) 'Hao’, ‘Liao'. The man laughed, &amp;quot;If you hear the words 'Hao' and 'Liao', you understand it. In this world, good is end, and the end is good. If there is no end, there is no good, and vice versa. My song is called ‘The Song of ‘Hao’ and ‘ Liao’. ”--[[User:Zhou Jiu|Zhou Jiu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Jiu|talk]]) 08:54, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Hidden Truth came over after heard this and said: “ What are you talking about? I just hear the words ‘good’ and ‘end’.” That man laughed, “ You heard the words ‘good’ and ‘end’, that means you got a few things going for you. In this world, good is end, and end is good. If there is no end, there is no good, and vice versa. My song is called ''All Dood Things Must End''.”--[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 12:19, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周俊辉 Zhōu Jùnhuī 法语语言文学 女 202120081556==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐本是有夙慧的，一闻此言，心中早已悟彻，因笑道：“且住，待我将你这《好了歌》注解出来何如？”道人笑道：“你就请解。”士隐乃说道：陋室空堂，当年笏满床。&lt;br /&gt;
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So intelligent, Hidden Truth understood the essence of the song entirely in his head as soon as he heard it, and said: “ Wait a minute. How about I explain your song ''All Good Things Must End'' ？” The Taoist priest said, laughing : “ Would you please explain.” Hidden Truth then explain: “ The empty and dilapidated rattraps we see today, were the grand mansions full of beds and boards used by dignitaries at that time.”--[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 08:01, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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So intelligent as Hidden Truth is, he  understood the essence of the song entirely in his head as soon as once hearing it, and said: “ Wait a minute. How about I explain your song ''All Good Things Must End'' ？” The Taoist priest said, laughing : “ Would you please explain.” Hidden Truth then explain: “ The empty and dilapidated rattraps we see today, were the grand mansions full of boards used by  courtiers at that time.”--[[User:Zhou Qiao1|Zhou Qiao1]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qiao1|talk]]) 13:23, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周巧 Zhōu Qiǎo 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081557==&lt;br /&gt;
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衰草枯杨，曾为歌舞场。蛛丝儿结满雕梁，绿纱今又在蓬窗上。说甚么脂正浓，粉正香，如何两鬓又成霜？&lt;br /&gt;
Humble hovels and abandoned halls where courtiers once paid daily calls；Bleak places where weeds and trees scarcely thrive&lt;br /&gt;
were once with a show of peace and prosperity．When cobwebs cover the mansion’s gilded beams，and collage casement with choice muslin gleams．Would you of perfumed elegance recite? Even as you speak, the raven locks turn white．--[[User:Zhou Qiao1|Zhou Qiao1]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qiao1|talk]]) 13:06, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周清 Zhōu Qīng 法语语言文学 女 202120081558==&lt;br /&gt;
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昨日黄土陇头埋白骨，今宵红绡帐底卧鸳鸯。金满箱，银满箱，转眼乞丐人皆谤。正叹他人命不长，那知自己归来丧。&lt;br /&gt;
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==周小雪 Zhōu Xiǎoxuě 日语语言文学 女 202120081559==&lt;br /&gt;
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训有方，保不定日后作强梁；择膏粱，谁承望流落在烟花巷。因嫌纱帽小，致使锁枷扛；昨怜破袄寒，今嫌紫蟒长。乱烘烘，你方唱罢我登场，反认他乡是故乡。&lt;br /&gt;
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Though intentionally educated according to parents' plan, one can also become a bandit later. Trying her best to marry into a rich family, she ends up in a red-light district beyond everyone's expectation.People who not satisfied with his positions has to spend the rest of his life in a prison in chains. People who used to be very poor and used worn coats to resist the cold were not satisfied with gorgeous clothes after they became rich.I come on the stage as soon as you have finished your singing in a chaotic manner. Taking other's hometown as my own. --[[User:Zhou Xiaoxue|Zhou Xiaoxue]] ([[User talk:Zhou Xiaoxue|talk]]) 11:42, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Though she was well educated according to her parent's plan, one can become a bandit later. She tried her best to marry into a rich family. However, she ended up in a (red-light)? district beyond everyone's expectation. People who are not satisfied with their positions have to spend the rest of their life in a prison in chains. People who used to be very poor and used worn coats to resist the cold were not satisfied with fancy clothes after they became rich. I come on the stage as soon as you have finished your singing in a chaotic manner. Taking other's hometown as my own. --[[User:Zhou Xiaoxue|Zhou Xiaoxue]] ([[User talk:Zhou Xiaoxue|talk]]) 11:42, 22 November 2021 (UTC)--[[User:Mahzad Heydarian|Mahzad Heydarian]] ([[User talk:Mahzad Heydarian|talk]]) 16:56, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==朱素珍 Zhū Sùzhēn 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081561==&lt;br /&gt;
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甚荒唐，到头来，都是为他人作嫁衣裳。那疯跛道人听了，拍掌大笑道：“解得切，解得切！”士隐便说一声：“走罢。”&lt;br /&gt;
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It's ridiculous. In the end, they make wedding clothes for others. The crazy lame Taoist listened, clapped his hands and laughed and said, &amp;quot;it's right, it's right!&amp;quot; Shiyin said, &amp;quot;let's go.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zou Yueli|Zou Yueli]] ([[User talk:Zou Yueli|talk]]) 11:43, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Headline text ==&lt;br /&gt;
==邹岳丽 Zōu Yuèlí 日语语言文学 女 202120081562==&lt;br /&gt;
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将道人肩上的搭裢抢过来背上，竟不回家，同着疯道人飘飘而去。当下哄动街坊，众人当作一件新闻传说。封氏闻知此信，哭个死去活来。&lt;br /&gt;
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He grabbed the lap on the Taoist's shoulder and carried it on his back. He didn't go home and floated away with the crazy Taoist. At that moment, the neighborhood was stirred up and everyone regarded it as a news legend. When Feng heard this letter, he cried to death.--[[User:Zou Yueli|Zou Yueli]] ([[User talk:Zou Yueli|talk]]) 11:34, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Nadia 202011080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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只得与父亲商议，遣人各处访寻，那讨音信。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Mahzad Heydarian 玛莎 202021080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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无奈何，只得依靠着他父母度日。&lt;br /&gt;
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He was so helpless that he had to rely on his parents to survive.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Mariam toure 2020GBJ002301==&lt;br /&gt;
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幸而身边还有两个旧日的丫鬟伏侍，主仆三人，日夜作些针线，帮着父亲用度。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Rouabah Soumaya 202121080001==&lt;br /&gt;
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那封肃虽然每日抱怨，也无可奈何了。&lt;br /&gt;
Although Feng Su complained every day, he was helpless&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Numan 202121080002==&lt;br /&gt;
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这日那甄家的大丫鬟在门前买线，忽听得街上喝道之声。&lt;br /&gt;
The other day, the eldest maid of the Chen family was buying thread at the door when she heard a shout from the street.--[[User:Atta Ur Rahman|Atta Ur Rahman]] ([[User talk:Atta Ur Rahman|talk]]) 14:50, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Atta Ur Rahman 202121080003==&lt;br /&gt;
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众人都说：“新太爷到任了。”&lt;br /&gt;
Everyone said: &amp;quot;The new grandfather has arrived&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Saqib Mehran 202121080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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丫鬟隐在门内看时，只见军牢、快手一对一对过去，俄而大轿内抬着一个乌帽猩袍的官府来了。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Zohaib Chand 202121080005==&lt;br /&gt;
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那丫鬟倒发了个怔，自思：“这官儿好面善，倒像在那里见过的。”&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;Insert non-formatted text here&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;==Jawad Ahmad 202121080006==&lt;br /&gt;
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于是进入房中，也就丢过，不在心上。&lt;br /&gt;
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Then she went into the room and laid the matter aside ，without taking it to heart.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Nizam Uddin 202121080007==&lt;br /&gt;
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至晚间正待歇息之时，忽听一片声打的门响，许多人乱嚷，说：“本县太爷的差人来传人问话！”&lt;br /&gt;
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English:&lt;br /&gt;
When I was about to rest in the evening, I heard a bang on the door suddenly, and many people shouted in disorder, saying, &amp;quot;The county's grandfather's messenger is here for questioning!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Öncü 202121080008==&lt;br /&gt;
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封肃听了，唬得目瞪口呆。&lt;br /&gt;
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Fengsu hear it,he gaped in consternation --[[User:AkiraJantarat|AkiraJantarat]] ([[User talk:AkiraJantarat|talk]]) 13:28, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Akira Jantarat 202121080009==&lt;br /&gt;
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不知有何祸事，且听下回分解。&lt;br /&gt;
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Don't know something calamity happened, will describe in the ensuing chapter.--[[User:AkiraJantarat|AkiraJantarat]] ([[User talk:AkiraJantarat|talk]]) 06:36, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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If you don't know what calamity took place, listen to the break down given in the next chapter.--[[User:Benjamin Wellsand|Benjamin Wellsand]] ([[User talk:Benjamin Wellsand|talk]]) 12:54, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Benjamin Wellsand 202111080118==&lt;br /&gt;
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通灵──“通灵宝玉”的简称。Psychic--short for ''Psychic Treasure.--[[User:Benjamin Wellsand|Benjamin Wellsand]] ([[User talk:Benjamin Wellsand|talk]]) 12:48, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Psychic -- the abbreviation for &amp;quot;Psychic Treasure&amp;quot;. --[[User:Asep Budiman|Asep Budiman]] ([[User talk:Asep Budiman|talk]]) 03:35, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Asep Budiman 202111080020==&lt;br /&gt;
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亦即下文所说女娲炼石补天所剩的那块“顽石”，因其历经锻炼而“灵性已通”，并能幻化为贾宝玉，故称。&lt;br /&gt;
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That is to say, the &amp;quot;stubborn stone&amp;quot; left by Nüwa's refining stone to replenish the sky. As it has undergone training, it has &amp;quot;spiritual achievement&amp;quot; and can be transformed into Jia Baoyu, so it is called. --[[User:Asep Budiman|Asep Budiman]] ([[User talk:Asep Budiman|talk]]) 03:48, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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That is to say, the &amp;quot;stubborn stone&amp;quot; left by Nüwa's refining stone to replenish the sky, because it has undergone training, has &amp;quot;spiritually achieved&amp;quot; and can be transformed into Jia Baoyu, so it is called.--[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 06:10, 24 November 2021 (UTC)Ei Mon Kyaw&lt;br /&gt;
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==Ei Mon Kyaw 202111080021==&lt;br /&gt;
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《石头记》──此书的本名。&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Story of the Stone&amp;quot; - the original name of the book. --[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 06:26, 24 November 2021 (UTC)Ei Mon Kyaw&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211124_homework&amp;diff=128131</id>
		<title>20211124 homework</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211124_homework&amp;diff=128131"/>
		<updated>2021-11-24T11:27:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531 */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;Quicklinks: [[Introduction_to_Translation_Studies_2021|Back to course homepage]] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal#Frequently_asked_questions_FAQ FAQ]  [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal Manual] [[20210926_homework|Back to all homework webpages overview]] [[20220112_final_exam|final exam page]]&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈静 Chén Jìng 国别 女 202020080595==&lt;br /&gt;
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我很纳闷：《不自弃文》是篇名，《姬子》是书名，应该同等对待，要么都予注释，要么都不注释，为什么一注一不注呢？难道前者生僻而需要注释，后者人所共知而不必注释吗？显然不是，只能说是避难就易，这与注释的宗旨完全背道而驰。&lt;br /&gt;
I wonder that since No Self-surrender is the title of the passage and Jizi is the title of the book, which should be treated equally, why did the situation happened that one annotated while one did not? Did the former need to be annotated while the latter is known to all without having to be annotated? Obviously, it is for choosing the easier way, which is completely contrary to the purpose of the annotation.&lt;br /&gt;
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I wonder: &amp;quot;don't abandon yourself&amp;quot; is the title, and &amp;quot;Ji Zi&amp;quot; is the title of the book. It should be treated equally, either annotated or not annotated. Why not annotate one note at a time? Is it true that the former is remote and needs annotation, while the latter is well known and does not need annotation? Obviously not, it can only be said that it is easy to avoid difficulties, which is completely contrary to the purpose of the notes. &lt;br /&gt;
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--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 07:01, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==蔡珠凤 Cài Zhūfèng 法语语言文学 女 202120081477==&lt;br /&gt;
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那怕注为“《姬子》不详”，也还不失为态度诚实。老实说，起初我对《姬子》也一头雾水，因为见所未见，闻所未闻。但根据我自定的注释原则，我不能回避。&lt;br /&gt;
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Even if it is noted as &amp;quot;Ji Zi&amp;quot; unknown &amp;quot;, it can be regarded as an honest attitude. To be honest, at first I was confused about Ji Zi, because I had never seen or heard of it. But according to my own annotation principle, I can't avoid it.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 11:20, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Even if it is noted as &amp;quot;unknown Ji Zi&amp;quot; , it can still be regarded as an honest attitude. To be honest, at first I was confused about ''Ji Zi'', because I had never seen or heard of it. But according to my own annotation principle, I can't avoid it.--[[User:Chen Huini|Chen Huini]] ([[User talk:Chen Huini|talk]]) 14:36, 22 November 2021 (UTC)Chen Huini&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈惠妮 Chén Huìnī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081479==&lt;br /&gt;
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于是我首先求助于《中国古典数字工程》，肯定了中国根本不存在《姬子》这么一本书，完全是曹雪芹所杜撰，正如《古今人物通考》、《中国历代文选》都是曹雪芹杜撰一样。其次，我记得俞平伯先生有一篇专门解释《姬子》的文章，但文章的题目、发表时间以及文章内容却不记得了。经过两天的翻箱倒柜，我终于找到了这篇文章，它的题目是《读〈红楼梦〉随笔》第九节《姬子》，初载于《文汇报》1954年1月25日；又收入《红楼梦研究参考资料选辑》第二辑，人民文学出版社1973年11月出版。&lt;br /&gt;
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Therefore, I first made reference htiw &amp;quot;Chinese Classical Digital Engineering&amp;quot; and confirmed that there was no such a book called &amp;quot;Ji Zi&amp;quot; in China, which was completely written by Cao Xueqin, just as cao Xueqin wrote &amp;quot;General Examination of Ancient and Modern Characters&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Selected Chinese Writings in Past Dynasties&amp;quot;. Secondly, I remember that Mr. Yu Pingbo had a special article explaining ''JiZi'', but I do not remember the title, publication time and content of the article. After two days of searching, I finally found this article. Its title is ''Ji Zi'', section 9 of Essays on Reading ''A Dream of Red Mansion''. It was first published in Wenhui Daily on January 25, 1954. It was also included in the second series of ''Selected Research Reference Materials on A Dream of Red Mansion'', published by People's Literature Publishing House in November 1973.--[[User:Chen Huini|Chen Huini]] ([[User talk:Chen Huini|talk]]) 14:46, 22 November 2021 (UTC)Chen Huini&lt;br /&gt;
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So, I firstly searched ''Chinese Classical Digital Engineering'' and confirmed there was no such a book called &amp;quot;Ji Zi&amp;quot; in China. This book was completely made up by Cao Xueqin like the same thing he did to ''General Examination of Ancient and Modern Characters'' and ''Selected Chinese Writings in Past Dynasties''.Then, I recalled that Mr. Yu Pingbo especially wrote an article to explain ''Ji Zi'', but I didn't remember the title, publication time and content.After two days of searching, I finally found it. The title of it was  ''Ji Zi'', section 9 of Essays on Reading ''A Dream of Red Mansion'' which was first published in Wenhui Daily on January 25, 1954. and then was included in the second series of ''Selected Research Reference Materials on A Dream of Red Mansion'', published by People's Literature Publishing House in November 1973.--[[User:Chen Xiangqiong|Chen Xiangqiong]] ([[User talk:Chen Xiangqiong|talk]]) 00:20, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈湘琼 Chén Xiāngqióng 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081480==&lt;br /&gt;
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据俞先生在文章中说：姬子书到底是部什么书呢，谁也说不上来。特别前些日子把这一回书选为高中国文的教材，教员讲解时碰到问题，每来信相询，我亦不能对。但经过研究，他还是写了这篇文章，作为回答。&lt;br /&gt;
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According to Mr.Yu in his article: nobody can tell what book ''Ji Zi'' really is. Moreover, this chapter of ''A Dream in Red Mansions'' with the name ''Ji Zhi'' has been selected as the reading material of the high school,and I can't say anything when the teacher who failed to explain it in the classroom come to me.But after careful research, he still write an article to reply this question.&lt;br /&gt;
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According to Mr. Yu in his article: nobody can tell what book ''Ji Zi'' really is.  In particular, this chapter was selected as a reading material for the Chinese language in high school some days ago, the teachers encountered problems when explaining it, and they wrote to me every time to ask about it, but I couldn't get it right. But after researching, he wrote this article as an answer.--[[User:Chen Xinyi|Chen Xinyi]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi|talk]]) 05:37, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈心怡 Chén Xīnyí 翻译学 女 202120081481==&lt;br /&gt;
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他的结论有三点：其一，《姬子》是“作者杜撰”，并以第三回的《古今人物通考》也是杜撰而作为佐证。其二，“这原来是一个笑话”，是探春“拿姬子来抵制”宝钗用以压人的朱子和孔子，而“比朱子孔子再大，只好是姬子了。殆以周公姓姬，作为顽笑”。&lt;br /&gt;
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There are three points in his conclusion: one, ''Ji Zi'' is &amp;quot;the author fabricated&amp;quot;, and to the third round of &amp;quot; the general examination of ancient and modern characters&amp;quot; is also fabricated and as proof. Second, &amp;quot;this turns out to be a joke&amp;quot;, is Tanchun &amp;quot; take ''Ji Zi'' to resist&amp;quot; Baochai and used to press people by citing Zhu Zi and Confucius, and &amp;quot;higher level than Zhu Zi and Confucius can only be ''Ji Zi''. Probably Zhou Gong was surnamed Ji as a joke.--[[User:Chen Xinyi|Chen Xinyi]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi|talk]]) 05:35, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
There are three points in his conclusion: first, ''Ji Zi'' is &amp;quot;fabricated by the author&amp;quot;, and can be proved by the fabrication of the third round of &amp;quot; the general examination of ancient and modern characters&amp;quot;. Second, &amp;quot;this turns out to be a joke&amp;quot;, which Tanchun &amp;quot; held ''Ji Zi'' to resist” Baochai who used to press her by citing Zhu Zi and Confucius, but “requiring higher level than Zhu Zi and Confucius, there’s only be ''Ji Zi''. Probably Zhou Gong was surnamed Ji as a joke.”--[[User:Cheng Yang|Cheng Yang]] ([[User talk:Cheng Yang|talk]]) 12:25, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==程杨 Chéng Yáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081482==&lt;br /&gt;
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其三，“有人或者要问为什么净瞎捣乱，造书名？我回答：这是小说。”《中国古典数字工程》可以证明俞先生的“杜撰说”是正确的，因此我把俞先生的意见用以注释《姬子》。&lt;br /&gt;
Thirdly, &amp;quot;Someone may ask why messing around and making a title? I replied: This is a novel. &amp;quot;It can be proved by ''The Chinese Classical Digital Engineering'' that Mr. Yu’s “theory of fabrication” is correct. Therefore, I applied Mr. Gong's opinion to annotate ''Jizi''.--[[User:Cheng Yang|Cheng Yang]] ([[User talk:Cheng Yang|talk]]) 04:56, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==丁旋 Dīng Xuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081483==&lt;br /&gt;
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据我所知，现在有人搜集了周公的几篇佚文，将其编为集子，按照《老子》、《庄子》、《孟子》之类的惯例，即命名为《姬子》，但这与曹雪芹毫不相干，《红楼梦》中的《姬子》书名绝对是杜撰。此外，有的注本虽然对《不自弃文》作了注释，却只是简述该文的大意，而没有注出曹雪芹的深刻用意。原来朱熹的徒子徒孙认为此文格调低下，有失朱夫子的身份，故将此文排除在众多朱熹文集之外，只有明·朱培编《文公大全集补遗》卷八从抄本《朱熹家谱》中引录，另有《朱子文集大全类编·卷二一·庭训》亦予收录。&lt;br /&gt;
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As far as I know, someone collected several lost articles of Duke of Zhou, edited them into an anthology and named it ''Ji Tzu'' according to the routine of  ''Lao Tzu'', ''Chang Tzu'' and ''Mencius'' and so on. However, this thing is irrelevant to Cao Xueqin, so the title of ''Ji Tzu'' in ''A Dream in Red Mansions'' is absolutely fabricated. Besides, although some books with annotations made interpretation to ''No Self-surrender'', they just told the main idea of this article rather than annotating the deep meaning made by Cao Xueqin. In fact, disciples and followers of Zhu Xi thought the style of this passage beneath his dignity is very low, so they excluded it out of many anthologies of Zhu Xi. Only when Zhu Pei(Ming dynasty) edited the eighth roll of ''Supplement to Collected Works of Duke Wen'', he incited it from transcript of ''Zhu Xi’s Genealogy''. In addition, it is also included in ''Complete Works of Zhu Tzua•Roll Twenty-one•Home Hearing''.--[[User:Ding Xuan|Ding Xuan]] ([[User talk:Ding Xuan|talk]]) 03:47, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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As far as I know, now someone collected several lost articles of Duke of Zhou and edited them into a collection that was named  ''Ji Tzu'' according to the routine of ''Lao Tzu'', ''Chang Tzu'' and ''Mencius'' and so on. However, this thing is irrelevant to Cao Xueqin, so the title of ''Ji Tzu'' in ''A Dream in Red Mansions'' is absolutely fabricated. Besides, although some books with annotations made interpretations to ''No Self-surrender'', they just briefly described the main idea of this article rather than annotating the deep meaning of Cao Xueqin. In fact, disciples and followers of Zhu Xi thought this passage  was low in style and demeaned Zhu Xi, so they excluded it out of many anthologies of Zhu Xi. Only when Zhu Pei(Ming dynasty) edited the Book Eight of ''Supplement to Collected Works of Duke Wen'', he incited it from transcript of Zhu Xi’s Genealogy. In addition, ''Complete Works of Zhu Tzua• Book Twenty-one•Home Hearing'' was also included.--[[User:Du Lina|Du Lina]] ([[User talk:Du Lina|talk]]) 03:07, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杜莉娜 Dù Lìnuó 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081484==&lt;br /&gt;
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曹雪芹借宝钗之口说出这篇少见的文章，一则以显示宝钗无书不读，再者也暗示自己博览群籍，同时也对那些自封的朱熹卫士予以调侃。可见曹雪芹即使开玩笑，也非闲笔，总有一定的用意。（详见注释）鉴于所要注释的词语性质不同，因此对注文的要求也有所不同。&lt;br /&gt;
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Saying this rare writing through Precious Hairpin Marshgrass,  on the one hand Cao Xueqin showed her strong love of reading  as well as implied own extensive reading, and on the other, he played off those self-appointed guards of Zhu Xi. Obviously, his joking is not  casual but absolutely with some profound meaning.(see annotations) The nature of words annotated is different, so the requirements for explanatory notes are different as well.--[[User:Du Lina|Du Lina]] ([[User talk:Du Lina|talk]]) 02:41, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==付红岩 Fù Hóngyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081485==&lt;br /&gt;
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其一，对于一般的疑难词语，重在疏通文意，多不引经据典，追根溯源。其二，对于成语、典故，则既要注明其出典，又要解释其本义，还要说明其引申义或比喻义。其三，对于各种名物（如建筑、服饰、官署、官职、琴棋书画、医卜星相等），则力求变专门术语为通俗语言，以利读者理解。&lt;br /&gt;
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Firstly, as for normally confusing words, the emphasis is on clearing up the meaning of the text, as much quoting scripture and tracing the roots as possible. Secondly, for idioms and allusions, it is necessary to indicate their origins, explain their original meanings, and also include their derivative meanings or metaphorical meanings. Thirdly, for all kinds of physical objects (such as architecture, costumes, official offices, official positions, Four Arts( qin, chess, calligraphy and painting), medicine, divination and astrology, etc.), the attempt is to turn specialized terms into common language in order to facilitate readers’ understanding.--[[User:Fu Hongyan|Fu Hongyan]] ([[User talk:Fu Hongyan|talk]]) 11:24, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==付诗雨 Fù Shīyǔ 日语语言文学 女 202120081486==&lt;br /&gt;
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其四，对于历史名人，则注明其所在朝代、简历及突出事迹。对于传说人物，则注明其出处及相关故事。其五，对于珍禽异兽、奇花异卉等，则注明其出处来历、奇异之处及相关故事。&lt;br /&gt;
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Fourthly, as for historical celebrities, their dynasties, resumes and outstanding deeds should be indicated. As for legendary figures, their sources and related stories should be indicated. Fifthly, as for rare birds and animals, unusual flowers and different plants, etc., their origins and histories, peculiar places and related stories should be indicated.--[[User:Fu Shiyu|Fu Shiyu]] ([[User talk:Fu Shiyu|talk]]) 14:36, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Fourthly, as for historical celebrities, their dynasties, resumes and outstanding deeds should be indicated. As for legendary figures, their sources and related stories should be indicated. Fifthly, as for rare birds and fabulous beasts, unusual flowers and different plants, etc., their origins and histories, peculiarities and related stories should be indicated.--[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 15:50, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==高蜜 Gāo Mì 翻译学 女 202120081487==&lt;br /&gt;
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其六，对于风俗、礼仪、节气等，则注明其形成沿革、具体内容。其七，对于谜语，则既要揭出谜底，又要解释谜语中的疑难词语、成语典故，还要说明谜底的根据。对于酒令，则要参照令谱，详述酒令的玩法及过程。&lt;br /&gt;
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Sixthly, in terms of customs, etiquette and solar terms, its formation, development and content should be indicated. Seventhly, in terms of riddles, answers should be uncovered and an explanation is expected to be given to the answer as well as to difficult words, idioms and allusions in the riddle. Finally, in terms of drinking games, elaboration should be given on the rules and the process according to the instruction manual.--[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 15:51, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==宫博雅 Gōng Bóyǎ 俄语语言文学 女 202120081488==&lt;br /&gt;
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其八，对于所引前人诗、词、曲、文等，皆要注明出处；诗、词、曲照录全文，文则节录相关的文字。其九，对于具有隐寓或暗示意味的诗、词、曲、文、成语、典故、谜语、酒令等，因其关系到故事情节的发展和人物性格、运命的描写，故除了作注释之外，还要揭示其隐藏的含义。总而言之，注文以释难为易、释疑为明为宗旨，以释义准确、释文简炼为目标。&lt;br /&gt;
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==何芩 Hé Qín 翻译学 女 202120081489==&lt;br /&gt;
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愿望虽然如此，但学力有限，经验欠缺，愿望能否实现，毫无把握。诚望方家指教，读者检验。&lt;br /&gt;
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第一回 甄士隐梦幻识通灵 贾雨村风尘怀闺秀&lt;br /&gt;
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Although I wish to do so, I am not sure whether my wish can be realized because of my limited learning and lack of experience.I hope that the readers will test it.&lt;br /&gt;
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Chapter 1 Hidden Turth&lt;br /&gt;
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Although I wish to do so, I am not sure whether the wish can come true with my limited ability and experience. Sincerely hope that other authors teach something and readers check it.&lt;br /&gt;
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Chapter 1 Zhen Shiyin, in a vision, apprehends spirituality. Jia Yucun, in the windy and dusty world, cherishes fond thoughts of a beautiful maiden. --[[User:Hu Shuqing|Hu Shuqing]] ([[User talk:Hu Shuqing|talk]]) 07:21, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==胡舒情 Hú Shūqíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081490==&lt;br /&gt;
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此开卷第一回也。作者自云：曾历过一番梦幻之后，故将真事隐去，而借“通灵”之说，撰此《石头记》一书也，故曰“甄士隐”云云。但书中所记何事何人&lt;br /&gt;
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This is the first chapter of the book. The author said that after going through the illusion, he prefered covering some truth and in virtue of mysticism wrote the novel ''The Story of the Stone''，so instead he used the name of  Zhen Shiyin as a major speaker. But things and people noted in it--[[User:Hu Shuqing|Hu Shuqing]] ([[User talk:Hu Shuqing|talk]]) 03:59, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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This is the first chapter of the book.Subsequent to the visions of a dream which he had，on some previous occasion，experienced，the writer personally relates，he designedly concealed the true circumstances，and borrowed the attributes of perception and spirituality to relate this story of the Record of the Stone. With this purpose，he made use of such designations as Chen Shih-yin and the like. What are，however，the events recorded in this work？--[[User:Huang Jinyun|Huang Jinyun]] ([[User talk:Huang Jinyun|talk]]) 10:19, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄锦云 Huáng Jǐnyún 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081491==&lt;br /&gt;
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自己又云：“今风尘碌碌，一事无成。忽念及当日所有之女子，一一细考较去，觉其行止见识，皆出我之上；我堂堂须眉，诚不若彼裙钗：我实愧则有馀，悔又无益，大无可如何之日也。当此日，欲将已往所赖天恩祖德，锦衣纨袴之时，饫甘餍肥之日，背父兄教育之恩，负师友规训之德，以致今日一技无成、半生潦倒之罪，编述一集，以告天下：知我之负罪固多，然闺阁中历历有人，万不可因我之不肖，自护己短，一并使其泯灭也。&lt;br /&gt;
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The author speaking for himself, goes on to explain, with the lack of success which attended every single concern, I suddenly bethought myself of the womankind of past ages. Passing one by one under a minute scrutiny, I felt that in action and in lore, one and all were far above me; that in spite of the majesty of my manliness, I could not, in point of fact, compare with these characters of the gentle sex. And my shame forsooth then knew no bounds; while regret, on the other hand, was of no avail, as there was not even a remote possibility of a day of remedy.On this very day it was that I became desirous to compile, in a connected form, for publication throughout the world, with a view to (universal) information, how that I bear inexorable and manifold retribution; inasmuch as what time, by the sustenance of the benevolence of Heaven, and the virtue of my ancestors, my apparel was rich and fine, and as what days my fare was savory and sumptuous, I disregarded the bounty of education and nurture of father and mother, and paid no heed to the virtue of precept and injunction of teachers and friends, with the result that I incurred the punishment, of failure recently in the least trifle, and the reckless waste of half my lifetime. There have been meanwhile, generation after generation, those in the inner chambers, the whole mass of whom could not, on any account, be, through my influence, allowed to fall into extinction, in order that I, unfilial as I have been, may have the means to screen my own shortcomings.--[[User:Huang Jinyun|Huang Jinyun]] ([[User talk:Huang Jinyun|talk]]) 12:42, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The author goes on to explain, with the lack of success which attended every single concern, I suddenly bethought myself of the womankind of past ages. Thinking of them one by one under a minute scrutiny, I felt that in action and in lore, one and all were far above me; that in spite of the majesty of my manliness, I could not, in point of fact, compare with these characters of the gentle sex. And my shame forsooth then knew no bounds; while regret, on the other hand, was of no avail, as there was not even a remote possibility of a day of remedy.On this very day it was that I became desirous to compile, in a connected form, for publication throughout the world, with a view to (universal) information, how that I bear inexorable and manifold retribution; inasmuch as what time, by the sustenance of the benevolence of Heaven, and the virtue of my ancestors, my apparel was rich and fine, and as what days my fare was savory and sumptuous, I disregarded the bounty of education and nurture of father and mother, and paid no heed to the virtue of precept and injunction of teachers and friends, with the result that I incurred the punishment, of failure recently in the least trifle, and the reckless waste of half my lifetime. There had been meanwhile, generation after generation, those in the inner chambers, the whole mass of whom could not, on any account, be, through my influence, allowed to fall into extinction, in order that I, unfilial as I have been, may have the means to hide my own shortcomings.--[[User:Huang Yiyan1|Huang Yiyan1]] ([[User talk:Huang Yiyan1|talk]]) 14:34, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄逸妍 Huáng Yìyán 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081492==&lt;br /&gt;
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所以蓬牖茅椽，绳床瓦灶，并不足妨我襟怀；况那晨风夕月，阶柳庭花，更觉得润人笔墨。我虽不学无文，又何妨用假语村言敷演出来，亦可使闺阁昭传，复可破一时之闷，醒同人之目，不亦宜乎？”故曰“贾雨村”云云。&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;Though my home is now a thatched cottage in which there are shabby windows, bed made of rope and earthen stove, all of these can not change my being broad and level. Besides, the morning breeze,  the dew of night, the willows by me steps and the flowers in the yard inspired me to wield my pen. Though I have little learning and literary talent, it doesn't matter if I tell a tale in rustic language to record those lovely girls. This should help readers distract them from their worries. And that's the reason why I use the name Rainvillage Merchant.&amp;quot;--[[User:Huang Yiyan1|Huang Yiyan1]] ([[User talk:Huang Yiyan1|talk]]) 13:27, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;quot;Though my home is now a thatched cottage in which there are shabby windows, bed made of rope and earthen stove, all of these can not change my being broad and level. Besides, the morning breeze,  the dew of night, the willows by me steps and the flowers in the yard inspired me to wield my pen. Though I have little learning and literary talent, it doesn't matter if I tell a tale in rustic language to record those lovely girls. This should help readers distract them from their worries. And that's the reason why I use the name Jia Yucun.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zeng Junlin|Zeng Junlin]] ([[User talk:Zeng Junlin|talk]]) 14:19, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==曾俊霖 Zēng Jùnlín 国别 男 202120081478==&lt;br /&gt;
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更于篇中间用“梦”、“幻”等字，却是此书本旨，兼寓提醒阅者之意。看官：你道此书从何而起？说来虽近荒唐，细玩颇有趣味。&lt;br /&gt;
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In the middle of the article, the words &amp;quot;dream&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;fantasy&amp;quot; are the purpose of the book and the meaning of reminding readers. Reader: where did you start this book? Although it's absurd, it's fun to play.--[[User:Zeng Junlin|Zeng Junlin]] ([[User talk:Zeng Junlin|talk]]) 13:21, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄柱梁 Huáng Zhùliáng 国别 男 202120081493==&lt;br /&gt;
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却说那女娲氏炼石补天之时，于大荒山无稽崖，炼成高十二丈、见方二十四丈大的顽石三万六千五百零一块，那娲皇只用了三万六千五百块，单单剩下一块未用，弃在青埂峰下。谁知此石自经锻炼之后，灵性已通，自去自来，可大可小。因见众石俱得补天，独自己无才，不得入选，遂自怨自愧，日夜悲哀。一日，正当嗟悼之际，俄见一僧一道远远而来，生得骨格不凡，丰神迥异，来到这青埂峰下，席地坐谈。It is said that, once upon a time, when Nuwa was refining stones to mend the sky, she refined them into 36,501 pieces of hard stones 12-feet high and 24-feet square on the Wuji Cliff of the Da Huangshan Mountain. Numa, the creator of human beings in Chinese myth, only used 36,500 pieces, leaving only one unused and abandoned it under the Qinggeng Peak.Who knows, after the stone has been refined and created, its spirit has been passed. It can be big or small.Seeing that all the stones were able to mend the sky, he had no talent and could not be selected, so he complained and felt ashamed and mourned day and night. One day, at the time of mourning, he suddenly saw a monk and a Taoism priest with extraordinary personality  coming from afar. They came to the Qinggeng Peak and sat on the ground to talk.&lt;br /&gt;
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==金晓童 Jīn Xiǎotóng  202120081494==&lt;br /&gt;
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见着这块鲜莹明洁的石头，且又缩成扇坠一般，甚属可爱。那僧托于掌上，笑道：“形体倒也是个灵物了，只是没有实在的好处。须得再镌上几个字，使人人见了，便知你是件奇物。&lt;br /&gt;
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It was lovely to see this bright and clean stone shrinking like a fan. Resting on his palm, the monk smiled and said, &amp;quot;The body is a spiritual being, but it has no real benefit. Words had to be engraved so that everyone could see you and know that you were a wonder.--[[User:Jin Xiaotong|Jin Xiaotong]] ([[User talk:Jin Xiaotong|talk]]) 15:01, 20 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邝艳丽 Kuàng Yànl 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081495==&lt;br /&gt;
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然后携你到那昌明隆盛之邦、诗礼簪缨之族、花柳繁华地、温柔富贵乡那里去走一遭。”石头听了大喜，因问：“不知可镌何字？携到何方？望乞明示。”那僧笑道：“你且莫问，日后自然明白。”&lt;br /&gt;
Then take you there, a city-state of prosperity, a family of scholar, a place of flowers and willows. After listening, Stone asked rejoicingly: “I do not know  what word I can write? Where I will be taken to? I hope get your instruction.” The monk smiled, “You do not rush into answer, and you will know it some day.”--[[User:Kuang Yanli|Kuang Yanli]] ([[User talk:Kuang Yanli|talk]]) 11:24, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李爱璇 Lǐ Àixuán 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081496==&lt;br /&gt;
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说毕，便袖了，同那道人飘然而去，竟不知投向何方。又不知过了几世几劫，因有个空空道人访道求仙，从这大荒山无稽崖青埂峰下经过，忽见一块大石，上面字迹分明，编述历历。空空道人乃从头一看，原来是无才补天，幻形入世，被那茫茫大士、渺渺真人携入红尘、引登彼岸的一块顽石：上面叙着堕落之乡、投胎之处，以及家庭琐事、闺阁闲情、诗词谜语，倒还全备。&lt;br /&gt;
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Having concluded these words, he put the stone in his sleeve, and proceeded on his journey, in company with the Taoist priest. No one knows where he took the stone. Nor can it be known how many centuries and ages elapsed, before a Taoist priest, named K'ung K'ung, passed, during his researches after the eternal reason and his quest after immortality, by these Ta Huang Hills, Wu Ch'i cave and Ch'ing Keng Peak. Suddenly seeing a large stone, on the surface of which the handwriting on it is clear and the calendar is compiled, K'ung K'ung examined them from first to last. They, in fact, explained how that this stone had originally been devoid of the properties essential for the repairs to the heavens, how it would be transmuted into human form and introduced by Mang Mang the High Lord, and Miao Miao, the Divine, into the world of mortals, and how it would be led over the other bank (across the San Sara). On the surface, it describes the land of degeneration, the place of reincarnation, as well as family trivia, boudoir leisure, poetry, riddles, which could not be ascertained.--[[User:Li Aixuan|Li Aixuan]] ([[User talk:Li Aixuan|talk]]) 04:54, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李瑞洋 Lǐ Ruìyáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081497==&lt;br /&gt;
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只是朝代年纪，失落无考。后面又有一偈云：无才可去补苍天，枉入红尘若许年。此系身前身后事，倩谁记去作奇传？&lt;br /&gt;
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But the name of the dynasty and the year of the reign were obliterated and could not be confirmed. There was also a Buddhist verse following behind:&lt;br /&gt;
Lacking in virtues to mend the azure skies, &lt;br /&gt;
in vain I have been into the mortal world for many years. &lt;br /&gt;
These facts are of a former and after life,&lt;br /&gt;
but who will record a strange legend for me?--[[User:Li Ruiyang|Li Ruiyang]] ([[User talk:Li Ruiyang|talk]]) 03:57, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李姗 Lǐ Shān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081498==&lt;br /&gt;
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空空道人看了一回，晓得这石头有些来历，遂向石头说道：“石兄，你这一段故事，据你自己说来，有些趣味，故镌写在此，意欲闻世传奇。据我看来：第一件，无朝代年纪可考；第二件，并无大贤大忠理朝廷、治风俗的善政，其中只不过几个异样女子，或情或痴，或小才微善。我纵然抄去，也算不得一种奇书。”&lt;br /&gt;
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As the Taoist priest named Kongkong once has examined the stone, he had some idea about the story on it, and then said to the stone, &amp;quot;Brother, maybe in your opinion, the story inscribed on you is of some interest so as to be kept here to win a fame throughout the world. But to my mind, it is far from a legend book to be transcribed. Firstly, there are hardly any clues about the time period of the background; secondly, no outstanding governance regarding politics and costumes has been achieved by great talents or loyal officials, and what it mainly narrates are merely several unusual women, some stuck in love, some boasting subtle  intelligence and benevolence.&amp;quot;--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 09:02, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李双 Lǐ Shuāng 翻译学 女 202120081499==&lt;br /&gt;
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石头果然答道：“我师何必太痴？我想历来野史的朝代，无非假借汉、唐的名色；莫如我这石头所记，不借此套，只按自己的事体情理，反倒新鲜别致。况且那野史中，或讪谤君相，或贬人妻女，奸淫凶恶，不可胜数；更有一种风月笔墨，其淫秽污臭，最易坏人子弟。&lt;br /&gt;
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The stone answered: “Why are you so stubborn? I think the dynasties of unofficial history are nothing more than under the guise of Han, Tang. They are not as good as the stories recorded by me, a stone, which don’t follow the convention but according to the real facts and therefore are more novel on the contrary. Moreover, those unofficial histories are either slandering the emperor and his subjects, or belittling other people’s wives and children. There are countless descriptions of ferocity and adultery which are the most likely to have a bad influence on the younger generation.”--[[User:Li Shuang|Li Shuang]] ([[User talk:Li Shuang|talk]]) 10:54, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The stone answered: “Why are you so stubborn? I think the dynasties recorded in the unofficial histories are nothing more than under the guise of Han and Tang Dynasty. They are not as good as the stories recorded by me, a stone, which don’t follow the convention but according to the real facts and therefore are more novel on the contrary. Besides, those unofficial histories are either slandering the emperor and his subjects, or belittling other people’s wives and children. There are countless descriptions of ferocity and adultery which are most likely to have a bad influence on the younger generation.” --[[User:Li Wenxuan|Li Wenxuan]] ([[User talk:Li Wenxuan|talk]]) 11:10, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李文璇 Lǐ Wénxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081500==&lt;br /&gt;
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至于才子佳人等书，则又开口文君，满篇子建，千部一腔，千人一面，且终不能不涉淫滥。在作者不过要写出自己的两首情诗艳赋来，故假捏出男女二人名姓；又必旁添一小人拨乱其间，如戏中小丑一般。更可厌者，之乎者也，非理即文，大不近情，自相矛盾。&lt;br /&gt;
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As for the books about the talented and the beauties, they talked about Wen and Jun, the pages were also full of Zi and Jian. A thousand volumes present the same thing, and a thousand person are also in the same character. Moreover, they cannot avoid to some licentious things. The authors, who had to write several sentimental odes and elegant ballads, had falsely invented the names of both men and women, and also some bad guys who like a clown in a play made some troubles in there. As for the annoying men, they had nothing in their minds and talked about Li and Wen, which had no link with the targeted things and paradoxical in the whole.--[[User:Li Wenxuan|Li Wenxuan]] ([[User talk:Li Wenxuan|talk]]) 00:53, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
As for books related to talented scholars and beautiful ladies, he also talked about Wenjun, who is good at articles and is capricious, but he could not avoid prostitution in the end. The author just wants to write two of his own love poems, so he falsely pinches out the names of men and women; he must add a little person to make trouble in the meantime, like a clown in a play. The more annoying, the more it is, the unreasonable is the literary, the most unkind, self-contradictory.--[[User:Li Wen|Li Wen]] ([[User talk:Li Wen|talk]]) 03:24, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李雯 Lǐ Wén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081501==&lt;br /&gt;
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竟不如我这半世亲见亲闻的几个女子，虽不敢说强似前代书中所有之人，但观其事迹原委，亦可消愁破闷；至于几首歪诗，也可以喷饭供酒。其间离合悲欢，兴衰际遇，俱是按迹循踪，不敢稍加穿凿，至失其真。只愿世人当那醉馀睡醒之时，或避事消愁之际，把此一玩，不但是洗旧翻新，却也省了些寿命筋力，不更去谋虚逐妄了。&lt;br /&gt;
It’s not as good as the few women I’ve seen and heard about in this half of my life. Although I dare not say that she is  better than all the people in the books of the previous generations. Looking at their deeds, you can also relieve your sorrow and boredom. As for a few poor poems, you can also taste them while eating and drinking.The joys and sorrows, the ups and downs all follow the traces, daring not to  lose the truth. I only hope that when the world is awake, or when avoiding troubles and sorrows ,they can enjoy it, not only to renovate, but also to save some lifespan and energy, not to seek falsehood.--[[User:Li Wen|Li Wen]] ([[User talk:Li Wen|talk]]) 03:15, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I am not as good as the women I have seen and heard in my life. Though I cannot say that they are as good as all the people in the books of previous generations, I can relieve my sorrow and despair by watching their deeds. As for a few crooked poems, you can also spray rice for wine. During the separation of joys and sorrows, ups and downs, are all traced, dare not slightly cut, to lose its true. I only hope that when people wake up from their drunkenness, or when they are relieved of their sorrow, they will not only wash the old and renew it, but also save some strength of life, so as not to seek for false things.--[[User:Li Xinxing|Li Xinxing]] ([[User talk:Li Xinxing|talk]]) 04:39, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李新星 Lǐ Xīnxīng 亚非语言文学 女 202120081503==&lt;br /&gt;
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我师意为如何？”空空道人听如此说，思忖半晌，将这《石头记》再检阅一遍。因见上面大旨不过谈情，亦只是实录其事，绝无伤时诲淫之病，方从头至尾抄写回来，闻世传奇。&lt;br /&gt;
What do I mean?&amp;quot; Empty Taoist listen to say so, ponder a long time, will this &amp;quot;stone&amp;quot; review again. Seeing that the message above was only a talk of love, and only a record of it, without suffering from the disease of lewdness, I copied it back from beginning to end and heard the legend of the world.--[[User:Li Xinxing|Li Xinxing]] ([[User talk:Li Xinxing|talk]]) 04:38, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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What do I mean? &amp;quot; After hearing this, Taoist Kongkong thought for a long time and reviewed the stone story again. Seeing that the above general purpose is nothing but romance, it is only a factual record of its affairs, and there is no disease of obscenity at the time of injury, so I copied it back from beginning to end and heard the legend of the world.--[[User:Li Yi|Li Yi]] ([[User talk:Li Yi|talk]]) 04:35, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李怡 Lǐ Yí 法语语言文学 女 202120081504==&lt;br /&gt;
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从此空空道人因空见色，由色生情，传情入色，自色悟空，遂改名情僧，改《石头记》为《情僧录》。东鲁孔梅溪题曰《风月宝鉴》。后因曹雪芹于悼红轩中披阅十载，增删五次，纂成目录，分出章回，又题曰《金陵十二钗》，并题一绝。&lt;br /&gt;
Since then empty Taoist empty because of empty see color, from color feeling, feeling into color, since color wukong, then changed the name of the monk, &amp;quot;stone&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;love monk record&amp;quot;. Kong Meixi of The Eastern Lu dynasty wrote the book Fengyue Bao Jian. After cao Xueqin in mourning red xuan read ten years, add and delete five times, compiled into a directory, a chapter back, and the title yue ''Jinling twelve Hairpin'', and a must.--[[User:Li Yi|Li Yi]] ([[User talk:Li Yi|talk]]) 04:31, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Since then Empty Taoist saw form through emptiness, generated emotions due to form, into which emptiness was stilled and epiphany was revealed, he then changed his epithet  into Monk in Love, and changed ''The story of the Stone''  into ''Record of Monk in Love'', which was called ''Catalogue of Chinese Ancient Romance'' by Kong Meixi of The Eastern Lu dynasty. Afterwards Cao Xueqin read and amended it for ten years, revised and polished it for five times, and then compiled it into a directory with chapters and sections. Finally he entitled it ''The Twelve Flowers in Jinlin'' attached with a Chinese quatrain.--[[User:Liu Peiting|Liu Peiting]] ([[User talk:Liu Peiting|talk]]) 04:55, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘沛婷 Liú Pèitíng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081505==&lt;br /&gt;
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即此便是《石头记》的缘起。诗云：满纸荒唐言，一把辛酸泪。都云作者痴，谁解其中味?&lt;br /&gt;
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This was the origin of ''The Story of The Stone''. A poem once said, “the whole novel is full of absurd words, as well as bitter tears. People all consider the author crazy, but is there anyone who knows its true meaning？--[[User:Liu Peiting|Liu Peiting]] ([[User talk:Liu Peiting|talk]]) 07:22, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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This is the origin of ''The Story of the Stone''. The poem says: The pages were full of idle words which was penned with hot and bitter tears; All men call the author fool, but no one understood his secret message.--[[User:Liu Shengnan|Liu Shengnan]] ([[User talk:Liu Shengnan|talk]]) 08:25, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘胜楠 Liú Shèngnán 翻译学 女 202120081506==&lt;br /&gt;
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《石头记》缘起既明，正不知那石头上面记着何人何事？看官请听。按那石上书云：当日地陷东南，这东南有个姑苏城，城中阊门最是红尘中一二等富贵风流之地。&lt;br /&gt;
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Now that the origin of the stone is clear, let us see what was written on the stone. Dear readers, please listen. Long ago, the earth dipped downwards in the southeast where there was a city named Gusu; and the quarter around Changmen Gate of Gusu was one of the most fashionable centres of wealth and nobility in the world of men. --[[User:Liu Shengnan|Liu Shengnan]] ([[User talk:Liu Shengnan|talk]]) 02:10, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The origin of &amp;quot;The Story of the Stone&amp;quot; was clear, but did you know who or what was written on the stone? Please listen to me and go on. According to the record on the stone: One day, there was a subsidence in southeast and there was Gusu City. In the city, the quarter around Changmen Gate was one of the most fashionable centres of wealth and nobility in the world of men.  --[[User:Liu Wei|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei|talk]]) 03:13, 23 November 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘薇 Liú Wēi 国别 女 202120081507==&lt;br /&gt;
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这阊门外有个十里街，街内有个仁清巷，巷内有个古庙，因地方狭窄，人皆呼作“葫芦庙”。庙旁住着一家乡宦，姓甄名费，字士隐；嫡妻封氏，性情贤淑，深明礼义。家中虽不甚富贵，然本地也推他为望族了。&lt;br /&gt;
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Outside the city of Changmen gate, there was a Shili street and a Renqing lane was on the street. In the Renqing lane, there was an ancient temple called &amp;quot;Hulu temple&amp;quot; owing to it`s narrow location. Next to the temple lived a hometown official named Zhen Fei, courtesy named Shi Yin; his legal wife, surnamed Feng, was a virtuous person with a deep sense of courtesy and righteousness. Although the family was not very rich, the local people also thought that he was a prominent family.  --[[User:Liu Wei|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei|talk]]) 14:02, 21 November 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei&lt;br /&gt;
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Outside the Changmen gate was the Shili street and the Renqing lane, inside which was an ancient temple, called the &amp;quot;Gourd temple&amp;quot; for its narrow space. Next to the temple lived a retired official named Zhen Fei, whose courtesy name was Shi Yin; his legal wife Mrs. Feng was a virtuous person with a deep awareness of courtesy and righteousness. Although the family was not very rich, the locals also regarded him as a noble man.--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 15:19, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘晓 Liú Xiǎo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081508==&lt;br /&gt;
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因这甄士隐禀性恬淡，不以功名为念，每日只以观花种竹、酌酒吟诗为乐，倒是神仙一流人物。只是一件不足：年过半百，膝下无儿；只有一女，乳名英莲，年方三岁。一日炎夏永昼，士隐于书房闲坐，手倦抛书，伏几盹睡，不觉矇眬中走至一处，不辨是何地方。&lt;br /&gt;
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Zhen Shiyin had a tranquil mind, indifferent to fame or gain. The only fun in every day life was enjoying beautiful flowers and planting bamboo, drinking nectared wine and reciting poetry. What a fairy-like figure! There was only one pity, that is, though in his fifty years old, he had no son nut only one three-year-old daughter, named Yinglian. One day in the hot summer, Shenyin was sitting idly in his study. Tired, he threw away his book and fell asleep at his desk, drifting to a place he could not tell.--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 03:19, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Zhen Shiyin had a tranquil mind, indifferent to fame or gain. The only fun in every day life was enjoying beautiful flowers and planting bamboo, drinking nectared wine and reciting poetry. What a fairy-like figure! But there was one pity, that is, though in his fifty years old, he had no son nut only one three-year-old daughter, named Yinglian. One day in the hot summer, Shenyin was sitting idly in his study. He was so tired that he threw away his book and fell asleep at his desk, drifting to a place he could not tell.--[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 05:12, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘越 Liú Yuè 亚非语言文学 女 202120081509==&lt;br /&gt;
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忽见那厢来了一僧一道，且行且谈。只听道人问道：“你携了此物，意欲何往？”那僧笑道：“你放心。如今现有一段风流公案，正该了结，这一干风流冤家，尚未投胎人世。&lt;br /&gt;
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Unexpectedly he espied， in the opposite direction， two priests coming towards him： the one a Buddhist， the other a Taoist. As they advanced they kept up the conversation in which they were engaged. &amp;quot;Whither do you purpose taking the object you have brought away？&amp;quot; he heard the Taoist inquire. To this question the Buddhist replied with a smile： &amp;quot;Set your mind at ease，&amp;quot; he said； &amp;quot;there's now in maturity a plot of a general character involving mundane pleasures， which will presently come to a denouement. The whole number of the votaries of voluptuousness have， as yet， not been quickened or entered the world.--[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 05:07, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘运心 Liú Yùnxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081510==&lt;br /&gt;
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趁此机会，就将此物夹带于中，使他去经历经历。”那道人道：“原来近日风流冤家又将造劫历世，但不知起于何处，落于何方？”那僧道：“此事说来好笑。&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗安怡 Luó Ānyí 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081511==&lt;br /&gt;
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只因当年这个石头，娲皇未用，自己却也落得逍遥自在，各处去游玩。一日来到警幻仙子处，那仙子知他有些来历，因留他在赤霞宫中，名他为赤霞宫神瑛侍者。他却常在西方灵河岸上行走，看见那灵河岸上三生石畔有棵绛珠仙草，十分娇娜可爱，遂日以甘露灌溉，这绛珠草始得久延岁月。&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗曦 Luó Xī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081512==&lt;br /&gt;
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后来既受天地精华，复得甘露滋养，遂脱了草木之胎，幻化人形，仅仅修成女体，终日游于离恨天外，饥餐秘情果，渴饮灌愁水。只因尚未酬报灌溉之德，故甚至五内郁结着一段缠绵不尽之意。常说：‘自己受了他雨露之惠，我并无此水可还。&lt;br /&gt;
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==马新 Mǎ Xīn 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081513==&lt;br /&gt;
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他若下世为人，我也同去走一遭，但把我一生所有的眼泪还他，也还得过了。’因此一事，就勾出多少风流冤家都要下凡，造历幻缘，那绛珠仙草也在其中。今日这石正该下世，我来特地将他仍带到警幻仙子案前，给他挂了号，同这些情鬼下凡，一了此案。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛雅文 Máo Yǎwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081514==&lt;br /&gt;
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那道人道：“果是好笑，从来不闻有‘还泪’之说。趁此，你我何不也下世度脱几个，岂不是一场功德？”那僧道：“正合吾意。你且同我到警幻仙子宫中，将这蠢物交割清楚，待这一干风流孽鬼下世，你我再去。如今有一半落尘，然犹未全集。”&lt;br /&gt;
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The Taoist priest says:&amp;quot;It's really ridiculous. I have never heard of the saying of 'returning tears'. We can also take this opportunity to release several souls from purgatory (help several souls of the decease get rid of worldly sufferings). Isn't it a merit?&amp;quot; The monk replies:&amp;quot;It's exactly what I am hoping for. You and I are going to the palace of the fairy maiden Jing Huan, and to deliver such a jade and figure it out. When these dissolute and sinful evils all pass away, we will go to the afterlife. Half of them have fallen into the earthly world, but they have not yet gathered completely.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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The Taoist priest says:&amp;quot;It's really ridiculous. I have never heard of the saying of 'returning tears'. We can also take this opportunity to release several souls from purgatory (help several souls of the decease get rid of worldly sufferings). Isn't it a merit?&amp;quot; The monk replies:&amp;quot;It's exactly what I am hoping for. You and I will go the palace of the fairy maiden Jing Huan, and to deliver such a jade and figure it out. When these dissolute and sinful evils all pass away, we will go to the afterlife. Half of them have fallen into the earthly world, but they have not yet gathered completely.&amp;quot;--[[User:Mao You|Mao You]] ([[User talk:Mao You|talk]]) 06:56, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛优 Máo Yōu 俄语语言文学 女 202120081515==&lt;br /&gt;
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道人道：“既如此，便随你去来。”却说甄士隐俱听得明白，遂不禁上前施礼，笑问道：“二位仙师请了。”那僧、道也忙答礼相问。&lt;br /&gt;
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The Taoist said, &amp;quot;In that case, let's go with you.&amp;quot; Then Zhen Shiyin heard and understood, so he could not help but go forward to salute, smiling and saying, &amp;quot; Please, distinguished masters.&amp;quot; The monk and the Taoist also replied with manners.&lt;br /&gt;
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The Taoist said, &amp;quot;In that case, let's go with you.&amp;quot; Then Zhen Shiyin heard and understood, so he could not help but go forward to salute, smiling and saying, &amp;quot; Please, distinguished masters.&amp;quot; The monk and the Taoist also immediately replied with manners.--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 10:50, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==牟一心 Móu Yīxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081516==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐因说道：“适闻仙师所谈因果，实人世罕闻者。但弟子愚拙，不能洞悉明白。若蒙大开痴顽，备细一闻，弟子洗耳谛听，稍能警省，亦可免沉沦之苦了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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Shi Yinyin said: &amp;quot;What you master talked about the cause and effect is definitely rare in the world. But I am stupid and can't fully understand it. If you can explain it for me to get rid of infatuation and stubbornness, I will listen to you carefully and then take warning from it, avoiding the suffering of enthrallment.&amp;quot;--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 08:01, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Shi Yin then said, &amp;quot;I have just heard you master's words about karma, a truly rare insight in the world. But I am too ignorant to understand it. If I could be enlightened by you two to get rid of infatuation and stubbornness, I would certainly listen carefully to all that you say and then take warning from it, avoiding the suffering of enthrallment.&amp;quot;--[[User:Peng Ruixue|Peng Ruixue]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruixue|talk]]) 07:54, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==彭瑞雪 Péng Ruìxuě 法语语言文学 女 202120081517==&lt;br /&gt;
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二仙笑道：“此乃玄机，不可预泄。到那时只不要忘了我二人，便可跳出火坑矣。”士隐听了，不便再问，因笑道：“玄机固不可泄露，但适云‘蠢物’，不知为何？或可得见否？”那僧说：“若问此物，倒有一面之缘。”&lt;br /&gt;
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The two immortals laughed and said, &amp;quot;It is something metaphysical and cannot be divulged in advance.  At that time, just don't forget the two of us, and you will be free from your predicament.&amp;quot; When Shi Yin heard this, he stopped pursuing the matter. He laughed and said, &amp;quot;Of course the mystery must not be divulged, but I don't quite understand what the 'stupid thing' is that you just mentioned. Perhaps I have a chance to see it?&amp;quot;  The monk said, &amp;quot;This thing you are asking about, you do have the fortune to see it.--[[User:Peng Ruixue|Peng Ruixue]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruixue|talk]]) 07:39, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==秦建安 Qín Jiànān 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081518==&lt;br /&gt;
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说着取出，递与士隐。士隐接了看时，原来是块鲜明美玉，上面字迹分明，镌着“通灵宝玉”四字，后面还有几行小字。正欲细看时，那僧便说已到幻境，就强从手中夺了去。&lt;br /&gt;
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He said and took it out to ShiYin. ShiYin received it and found it a bright beautiful jade in which there were four clear characters:Tong Ling Bao Yu followes by several lines of words.When ShiYin craved for a careful look, that monk said that he had reached the illusion, so he snatched it from ShiYin's hand.--[[User:Qing Jianan|Qing Jianan]] ([[User talk:Qing Jianan|talk]]) 02:57, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Then he said as he took it out and handed it to Shi Yin. Shi Yin took a look, and it turned out to be a piece of bright beautiful jade, with clear writing above, engraved with the “Tongling jade”. There were a few lines of small characters behind. When he was about to take a closer look, the monk said he had reached the dreamland and snatched the jade from his hands.--[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 01:47, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邱婷婷 Qiū Tíngtíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081519==&lt;br /&gt;
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和那道人竟过了一座大石牌坊，上面大书四字，乃是“太虚幻境”。两边又有一副对联道：假作真时真亦假，无为有处有还无。士隐意欲也跟着过去，方举步时，忽听一声霹雳，若山崩地陷。&lt;br /&gt;
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And with that Taoist priest actually passed a large stone archway, above which was engraved four big words, is “the Great Void Dreamland”.On both sides there was a pair of couplets: If false is taken as the truth, then truth is said to be lieing , when nothing is taken as being, then being itself is turned into nothing. Shih-yin also wanted to pass the big stone archway, but the moment he was about to raise his foot, he heard a crack of thunder which sounded as if the hills were rending asunder and the earth falling in.--[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 02:52, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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And that Taoist passed a large stone pagoda, written on it four big words, is &amp;quot;Taixu fantasy realm&amp;quot;. On both sides, there is a couplet saying: &amp;quot;Falsehood is true when it is true, and there is nothing where there is nothing&amp;quot;. Shi Yin also wanted to follow, when just ready to raise his feet, he heard a thunderbolt all of a sudden, as if a landslide happened.--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 02:48, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==饶金盈 Ráo Jīnyíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081520==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐大叫一声，定睛看时，只见烈日炎炎，芭蕉冉冉，梦中之事便忘了一半。又见奶母抱了英莲走来。士隐见女儿越发生得粉装玉琢，乖觉可喜，便伸手接来，抱在怀中，斗他玩耍一会。&lt;br /&gt;
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Shi Yin cried out, and when he fixed his eyes, only seeing the sun is shining, the weather is bright, and the plantains are flourishing, and then he forgot half of his dream. Later, the lactating mother coming with Yinglian in her arms. When Shi Yin noted that his daughter was becoming more and more beautiful and cute, he reached out and took her in his arms, and teased her for a while.--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 02:43, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Shiyin cried out, fixing his eyes on the blazing sun and supplely drooping banana leaves, only to be oblivious to half of his dream. Then the wet nurse came over with Yinglian in her arms. Shiyin perceived that his daughter became so fair and lovely that he couldn’t wait to cradle her in his arms to amuse her.--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 05:48, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Headline text ==&lt;br /&gt;
==石丽青 Shí Lìqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081521==&lt;br /&gt;
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又带至街前，看那过会的热闹。方欲进来时，只见从那边来了一僧一道：那僧癞头跣足，那道跛足蓬头，疯疯癫癫，挥霍谈笑而至。及到了他门前，看见士隐抱着英莲，那僧便大哭起来，又向士隐道：“施主，你把这有命无运、累及爹娘之物抱在怀内作甚？”&lt;br /&gt;
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Shiyin then took his lovely daughter out into the street to see the lively meeting. When he was about to enter the door, he saw a monk and a Taoist priest coming from the other side: the monk had ringworm on his head and no shoes or socks on his feet; the Taoist priest was characterized by lameness and untidy hair. They came over, crazy, talking and laughing. When they got to Shiyin’s door, seeing him holding Yinglian in his arms. The monk began to cry and said to Shiyin, “ Benefactor, why did you cradle such an ill-fated and encumbering child in your arms？”--[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 01:35, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Shiyin then took his lovely daughter to the street to see the lively agora. When he was about to enter the door, he saw a monk and a Taoist priest coming from the other side: the monk had ringworm on his head and no shoes or socks on his feet; the Taoist priest was characterized by lameness and untidy hair. They acted like a lunatic and came over,talking and laughing. When they got to Shiyin’s door, seeing him holding Yinglian in his arms. The monk began to cry and said to Shiyin, “ Benefactor, why did you cradle such an ill-fated and encumbering child in your arms？”--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 06:06, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==孙雅诗 Sūn Yǎshī 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081522==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐听了，知是疯话，也不睬他。那僧还说：“舍我罢，舍我罢。”士隐不耐烦，便抱着女儿转身。&lt;br /&gt;
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After listening to him,Shiyin knew that it's crazy words and ignored him.But the monk also said:&amp;quot;Give her to me,give her to me.&amp;quot; Shiyin was impatient,so he held his daughter and turned to leave.--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 05:59, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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After listening to him, Shiyin knew that it was lunatic ravings and ignored him. But the monk complemented:&amp;quot;Give her to me, give her to me.&amp;quot; Shiyin got impatient, so he embraced his daughter and turned around. --[[User:Wang Lifei|Wang Lifei]] ([[User talk:Wang Lifei|talk]]) 12:14, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王李菲 Wáng Lǐfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081523==&lt;br /&gt;
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才要进去，那僧乃指着他大笑，口内念了四句言词，道是：惯养娇生笑你痴，菱花空对雪澌澌。好防佳节元宵后，便是烟消火灭时。&lt;br /&gt;
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When he was about to get in, the monk pointed at him and laughed, mumbling four sentences, which mean “how crazy that you pamper your daughter like this, (see you embrace Yinglian), just like the summer lotus are exposed to the winter snow. Beware of the days after the Lantern Festival, then there is a fire to vanish everything.”--[[User:Wang Lifei|Wang Lifei]] ([[User talk:Wang Lifei|talk]]) 03:03, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
When he wanted to go in, the monk pointed at him and laughed, saying…--[[User:Wang Yifan21|Wang Yifan21]] ([[User talk:Wang Yifan21|talk]]) 06:56, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王逸凡 Wáng Yìfán 亚非语言文学 女 202120081524==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐听得明白，心下犹豫，意欲问他来历，只听道人说道：“你我不必同行，就此分手，各干营生去罢。三劫后，我在北邙山等你，会齐了，同往太虚幻境销号。”那僧道：“最妙，最妙。”&lt;br /&gt;
Shi Yin understood and hesitated, intending to ask him where he came from. The Taoist said, &amp;quot;You and I don't need to go together. Three days later, I wait for you in north mangshan, meet together, with the imaginary land sales number.&amp;quot; The monk said, &amp;quot;The best, the best.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wang Yifan21|Wang Yifan21]] ([[User talk:Wang Yifan21|talk]]) 06:44, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王镇隆 Wáng Zhènlóng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 男 202120081525==&lt;br /&gt;
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说毕，二人一去，再不见个踪影了。士隐心中此时自忖：“这两个人必有来历，很该问他一问，如今后悔却已晚了。”这士隐正在痴想，忽见隔壁葫芦庙内寄居的一个穷儒，姓贾名化、表字时飞、别号雨村的走来。&lt;br /&gt;
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==卫怡雯 Wèi Yíwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081526==&lt;br /&gt;
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这贾雨村原系湖州人氏，也是诗书仕宦之族。因他生于末世，父母祖宗根基已尽，人口衰丧，只剩得他一身一口。在家乡无益，因进京求取功名，再整基业。&lt;br /&gt;
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Jia Yucun was born in Huzhou and came from a family of Confucian scholars and officials. Because he was born in last phase of age, the roots of his ancestors had died out. Family declined, and left him alone. He found no benefit in hometown, so he went to Beijing to strive for fame and tried to make another solid foundation for family.--[[User:Wei Yiwen|Wei Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Wei Yiwen|talk]]) 03:10, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Jia Yucun came from Huzhou and was born in a family of scholars and officials. However, because he was born in the last phase of the age, the root of his ancestors had died out and family declined, leaving him alone in the world. He found no benefit in hometown, so he went to Beijing to strive for success and fame and tried to make the revitalization of his family.--[[User:Wei Chuxuan|Wei Chuxuan]] ([[User talk:Wei Chuxuan|talk]]) 04:46, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏楚璇 Wèi Chǔxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081527==&lt;br /&gt;
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自前岁来此，又淹蹇住了，暂寄庙中安身，每日卖文作字为生，故士隐常与他交接。当下雨村见了士隐，忙施礼陪笑道：“老先生倚门伫望，敢街市上有甚新闻么？”士隐笑道：“非也。适因小女啼哭，引他出来作耍。正是无聊的很，贾兄来得正好，请入小斋，彼此俱可消此永昼。” &lt;br /&gt;
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Since arriving in Beijing the year before last, Jia Yuchun had led a hard life, living only in a temple. He wrote poems and articles in exchange for money every day, so Shiyin often often met with him. Once Yucun saw Shiyin, hurriedly saluted and said with a smile, &amp;quot; Sir, you are leaning on the door and looking at something. Is there any news in the market?&amp;quot; Shiyin smiled and said, &amp;quot;No. Just because my little girl cried, so I took her out to play. I am so bored now and you are so nice to appear in time. Please come into my study with me, so that we can both kill the boring time.&amp;quot; --[[User:Wei Chuxuan|Wei Chuxuan]] ([[User talk:Wei Chuxuan|talk]]) 03:35, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Since arriving in Beijing the year before last, Jia Yuchun found himself in difficult conditions and desperate straits. He lived only in a temple and made a living by writing in exchange for money every day, so Shiyin often met with him. At that moment, Yucun saw Shiyin, hurriedly saluted and said with smile, &amp;quot; An old gentleman as you, leaning on the door and looking at something, I wander that is there any news in the street?&amp;quot; Shiyin smiled and said, &amp;quot;Hardly, just because my little girl cried, so I take her out to play. I am so bored now and you‘ve come just at the right moment. Please come into my study, so that we can spend the long day together.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wei Zhaoyan|Wei Zhaoyan]] ([[User talk:Wei Zhaoyan|talk]]) 14:13, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏兆妍 Wèi Zhàoyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081528==&lt;br /&gt;
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说着，便令人送女儿进去。自携了雨村来至书房中，小童献茶。方谈得三五句话，忽家人飞报：“严老爷来拜。”&lt;br /&gt;
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While he was talking, he asked someone to take his daughter back to her room. Then he took Yucun to his study, and a child offered a cup of tea for each of them. But just said a few words, suddenly the family member came quickly to say that &amp;quot;Master Yan came to visit.&amp;quot;--[[User:Wei Zhaoyan|Wei Zhaoyan]] ([[User talk:Wei Zhaoyan|talk]]) 07:30, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴婧悦 Wú Jìngyuè 俄语语言文学 女 202120081529==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐慌忙起身谢道：“恕诓驾之罪。且请略坐，弟即来奉陪。”雨村起身也让道：“老先生请便。晚生乃常造之客，稍候何妨！”说着，士隐已出前厅去了。&lt;br /&gt;
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Shiying stood up hurriedly and said, &amp;quot; Excuse me.Please sit for a moment first, and I will entertain you at once.&amp;quot; Yucun also stood up and answered:&amp;quot; Old gentleman, you go. I often come to you here as a guest, wait a little while is not the matter!&amp;quot; Said, Shiying had walked out of the guest room.--[[User:Wu Jingyue|Wu Jingyue]] ([[User talk:Wu Jingyue|talk]]) 02:51, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
Shiyin hurriedly got up and thanked, &amp;quot;excuse the crime of cheating driving. Please sit down and my brother will accompany you.&amp;quot; Yucun got up and said, &amp;quot;please help yourself, sir. My late life is a regular guest. Why not wait a minute!&amp;quot; said Shiyin, who had left the front hall.--[[User:Wu Yinghong|Wu Yinghong]] ([[User talk:Wu Yinghong|talk]]) 13:44, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴映红 Wú Yìnghóng 日语语言文学 女 202120081530==&lt;br /&gt;
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这里雨村且翻弄诗籍解闷，忽听得窗外有女子嗽声。雨村遂起身往外一看，原来是一个丫鬟在那里掐花儿：生的仪容不俗，眉目清秀，虽无十分姿色，却也有动人之处。雨村不觉看得呆了。那甄家丫鬟掐了花儿，方欲走时，猛抬头见窗内有人：敝巾旧服，虽是贫窘，然生得腰圆背厚，面阔口方，更兼剑眉星眼，直鼻方腮。&lt;br /&gt;
Here in the rain village, I turned to poetry books to relieve my boredom. Suddenly I heard a woman coughing outside the window. Yucun then got up and looked out. It turned out that it was a servant girl pinching flowers there: Sheng's appearance was not vulgar and his eyebrows were beautiful. Although he was not very beautiful, he was also moving. Yucun was stunned. The Zhen servant girl pinched the flowers. When Fang was about to leave, she suddenly looked up and saw someone in the window: Although I was poor and embarrassed, I had a round waist, thick back, wide face and square mouth. I also had sword eyebrows, star eyes, straight nose and square cheeks.&lt;br /&gt;
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Yuncun was reading poems to relieve his boredom, suddenly hearing a girl outside the window coughing. Yucun stood up and found a housemaid picking flowers: she was of good appearance and pretty features. Although she was not perfect, she had something touching. Yucun felt stunned. The girl had pinched the flowers and was about to leave when she suddenly raised her head and saw someone in the window. In rags, he had a round waist and a thick back, a wide face and a square mouth, with a sword eyebrow and star eyes, a straight nose and a square cheek.--[[User:Xiao Yiyao|Xiao Yiyao]] ([[User talk:Xiao Yiyao|talk]]) 10:14, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531==&lt;br /&gt;
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这丫鬟忙转身回避，心下自想：“这人生的这样雄壮，却又这样褴褛。我家并无这样贫窘亲友，想他定是主人常说的什么贾雨村了。怪道又说他必非久困之人，每每有意帮助周济他，只是没什么机会。”如此一想，不免又回头一两次。雨村见他回头，便以为这女子心中有意于他，遂狂喜不禁，自谓此女子必是个巨眼英豪，风尘中之知己。&lt;br /&gt;
The housemaid turned away quickly and said to herself:” the man is so grand and ragged. I don’t have such deprived friends and relatives, thus he must be Jia Yucun that the master has mentioned frequently. It’s said that he will not be trapped in poverty for a long time. The master has meant to help him but doesn’t find a proper chance.”  At the thought of this, she looked back for several times, which misled Yu Cun to think the girl was attracted by him and felt very excited. He believed that the girl must have  a pair of wisdom eye and was his true friend in difficulty.--[[User:Xiao Yiyao|Xiao Yiyao]] ([[User talk:Xiao Yiyao|talk]]) 02:16, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The housemaid turned away hurriedly and thought to herself:” the man is so strong, but his clothes are shabby. I don’t have such deprived friends and relatives, thus he must be Jia Yucun that the master has mentioned frequently. It’s said that he will not be trapped in poverty for a long time. The master has always meant to help him but doesn’t find a proper chance.”  At the thought of this, she looked back for several times, which misled Yu Cun to think the girl was attracted by him and felt very excited. He believed that the girl must have a good taste and was his true friend in difficulty.&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532==&lt;br /&gt;
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一时小童进来，雨村打听得前面留饭，不可久待，遂从夹道中，自便门出去了。士隐待客既散，知雨村已去，便也不去再邀。一日，到了中秋佳节。&lt;br /&gt;
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When a child came in, yucun heard that the host entertained the guests meal. Therefore, he knew that he couldn't stay long, so he went out through the lane and went out by himself. Later, Shiyin had already served guests, knowing that yucun had gone, so he didn't invite again. One day, it was the Mid Autumn Festival.&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢庆琳 Xiè Qìnglín 俄语语言文学 女 202120081533==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐家宴已毕，又另具一席于书房，自己步至庙中来邀雨村。原来雨村自那日见了甄家丫鬟曾回顾他两次，自谓是个知己，便时刻放在心上。今又正值中秋，不免对月有怀，因而口占五言一律云：&lt;br /&gt;
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==熊敏 Xióng Mǐn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081534==&lt;br /&gt;
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未卜三生愿，频添一段愁。闷来时敛额，行去几回头。自顾风前影，谁堪月下俦？蟾光如有意，先上玉人楼。&lt;br /&gt;
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==徐敏赟 Xú Mǐnyūn 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 男 202120081535==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村吟罢，因又思及平生抱负，苦未逢时，乃又搔首对天长叹，复高吟一联云：玉在椟中求善价，钗于奁内待时飞。恰值士隐走来听见，笑道：“雨村兄真抱负不凡也！”&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜静 Yán Jìng 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 女 202120081536==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村忙笑道：“不敢。不过偶吟前人之句，何期过誉如此！”因问：“老先生何兴至此？”士隐笑道：“今夜中秋，俗谓团圆之节。想尊兄旅寄僧房，不无寂寥之感。故特具小酌，邀兄到敝斋一饮。不知可纳芹意否？”&lt;br /&gt;
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Yucun laughed and hurriedly said, &amp;quot;No no, I just recite the words of the predecessors. You speak too highly of me!&amp;quot; he asked, &amp;quot;Why did you come here, sir?&amp;quot; Shiyin smiled, &amp;quot;Tonight is the reunion time of Mid Autumn Festival. You lodged with a monk's room alone. So I come to invite you to have a drink with me. What do you think?&amp;quot;--[[User:Yan Jing|Yan Jing]] ([[User talk:Yan Jing|talk]]) 10:51, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜莉莉 Yán Lìlì 国别 女 202120081537==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村听了，并不推辞，便笑道：“既蒙谬爱，何敢拂此盛情！”说着，便同士隐复过这边书院中来了。须臾茶毕，早已设下杯盘，那美酒佳肴，自不必说。&lt;br /&gt;
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Hearing this, Yucun did not refuse, but said with a smile: &amp;quot;Since I am indebted to you, I dare not live up to this feeling.&amp;quot; Then he and Shiyin came to the academy here. In a moment they had finished their tea, and a feast had already been set up, with wine and food, in which the delicacy was all.&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜子涵 Yán Zǐhán 国别 女 202120081538==&lt;br /&gt;
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二人归坐，先是款酌慢饮；渐次谈至兴浓，不觉飞觥献斝起来。当时街坊上家家箫管，户户笙歌；当头一轮明月，飞彩凝辉。二人愈添豪兴，酒到杯干。&lt;br /&gt;
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==阳佳颖 Yáng Jiāyǐng 国别 女 202120081540==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村此时已有七八分酒意，狂兴不禁，乃对月寓怀，口占一绝云：时逢三五便团圆，满把清光护玉栏。天上一轮才捧出，人间万姓仰头看。士隐听了，大叫：“妙极！弟每谓兄必非久居人下者，今所吟之句，飞腾之兆已现，不日可接履于云霄之上了。可贺，可贺！”&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨爱江 Yáng Àijiāng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081541==&lt;br /&gt;
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乃亲斟一斗为贺。雨村饮干，忽叹道：“非晚生酒后狂言，若论时尚之学，晚生也或可去充数挂名。只是如今行李路费，一概无措，神京路远，非赖卖字撰文，即能到得。”士隐不待说完，便道：“兄何不早言？弟已久有此意，但每遇兄时，并未谈及，故未敢唐突。今既如此，弟虽不才，‘义利’二字，却还识得。且喜明岁正当大比，兄宜作速入都，春闱一捷，方不负兄之所学。其盘费馀事，弟自代为处置，亦不枉兄之谬识矣。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨堃 Yáng Kūn 法语语言文学 女 202120081542==&lt;br /&gt;
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当下即命小童进去，速封五十两白银并两套冬衣。又云：“十九日乃黄道之期，兄可即买舟西上。待雄飞高举，明冬再晤，岂非大快之事！”雨村收了银、衣，不过略谢一语，并不介意，仍是吃酒谈笑。&lt;br /&gt;
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Shiyin immediately ordered the child to go in and quickly seal fifty liang silver and two sets of winter clothes. And he also said, &amp;quot;the 19th of March is the time of the zodiac, and you can buy a boat to the west. Isn't it a great pleasure to wait for triumph of the war[1] and meet again the next winter?&amp;quot; Yucun received the silver and clothes, but he thanked Shiyin a little. He didn't mind and was still drinking wine, talking and laughing.&lt;br /&gt;
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[1]The war between Li Zicheng and the emperor Chongzhen. On March 19 of the lunar calendar in 1644, Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty hanged himself. Then, Li Zicheng entered Beijing to overthrow the Ming Dynasty.--[[User:Yang Kun|Yang Kun]] ([[User talk:Yang Kun|talk]]) 03:23, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Shiyin immediately ordered the child in and seal fifty liang silver and two suits of winter clothes quickly. Then he said, &amp;quot;the 19th of March is favorable time, and you can buy a boat to the west. Isn't it a great pleasure to wait for triumph of the war[1] and meet again the next winter?&amp;quot; Yucun received the silver and clothes, but he thanked Shiyin a little. He didn't mind and was still drinking wine, talking and laughing.&lt;br /&gt;
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[1]The war between Li Zicheng and the emperor Chongzhen. On March 19 of the lunar calendar in 1644, Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty hanged himself. Then, Li Zicheng entered Beijing to overthrow the Ming Dynasty.--[[User:Yang Liuqing|Yang Liuqing]] ([[User talk:Yang Liuqing|talk]]) 12:15, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨柳青 Yáng Liǔqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081543==&lt;br /&gt;
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那天已交三鼓，二人方散。士隐送雨村去后，回房一觉，直至红日三竿方醒。因思昨夜之事，意欲写荐书两封与雨村，带至都中去，使雨村投谒个仕宦之家，为寄身之地。&lt;br /&gt;
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==叶维杰 Yè Wéijié 国别 男 202120081544==&lt;br /&gt;
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因使人过去请时，那家人回来说：“和尚说：贾爷今日五鼓已进京去了，也曾留下话与和尚转达老爷，说：‘读书人不在黄道黑道，总以事理为要，不及面辞了。’”士隐听了，也只得罢了。真是闲处光阴易过，倏忽又是元宵佳节。&lt;br /&gt;
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==易扬帆 Yì Yángfān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081545==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐令家人霍启抱了英莲，去看社火花灯。半夜中霍启因要小解，便将英莲放在一家门槛上坐着。待他小解完了来抱时，那有英莲的踪影。&lt;br /&gt;
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Zhen Shiyin asked his family member Huo Qi to carry Yinglian and go to see the lanterns. In the middle of the night, Huo Qi had to take a piss, so he left Yinglian sitting on the threshold of a door. When he came to carry her after taking a piss, there was no sign of Yinglian.&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷慧珍 Yīn Huìzhēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081546==&lt;br /&gt;
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急的霍启直寻了半夜，至天明不见。那霍启也不敢回来见主人，便逃往他乡去了。那士隐夫妇见女儿一夜不归，便知有些不好。再使几人去找寻，回来皆云影响全无。&lt;br /&gt;
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Huo Qi was so anxious that he looked for her all night and did not find her by dawn. So he did not dare to return to meet the host and he fled to his hometown. Mr. and Mrs. Shi Yin felt something is about to go wrong when they found their daughter didn't go home all night.  They sent more people to look for her, but when they came back they said they didn't have any trace of her.--[[User:Yin Huizhen|Yin Huizhen]] ([[User talk:Yin Huizhen|talk]]) 14:22, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Being so anxious, Huo Qi looked for her all night but in vain till dawn. Dare not to return to his master, he fled to another place. Mr. and Mrs. Shi Yin felt something wrong when their daughter didn't go home all night. More people were sent to look for her, but only to find no trace of her.--[[User:Yin Meida|Yin Meida]] ([[User talk:Yin Meida|talk]]) 14:11, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷美达 Yīn Měidá 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081547==&lt;br /&gt;
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夫妻二人半世只生此女，一旦失去，何等烦恼，因此昼夜啼哭，几乎不顾性命。看看一月，士隐已先得病，夫人封氏也因思女搆疾，日日请医问卦。不想这日三月十五，葫芦庙中炸供，那和尚不小心，油锅火逸，便烧着窗纸。&lt;br /&gt;
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The couple, having spent half of their lifetime, couldn't bear the thought of losing their only child. They wept day and night, almost risking their lives. In January, Shi Yin was already sick, and his wife Feng shi also fell ill for missing her daughter excessively and had to see doctors and fortunetellers everyday. Unfortunately, on March 15, when frying tributes in the calabash Temple, the careless monk let the fire escape from the oil boiler, which set the window paper on fire.--[[User:Yin Meida|Yin Meida]] ([[User talk:Yin Meida|talk]]) 14:57, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==尹媛 Yǐn Yuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081548==&lt;br /&gt;
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此方人家俱用竹篱木壁，也是劫数应当如此，于是接二连三，牵五挂四，将一条街烧得如火焰山一般。彼时虽有军民来救，那火已成了势了，如何救得下，直烧了一夜方熄，也不知烧了多少人家。只可怜甄家在隔壁，早成了一堆瓦砾场了，只有他夫妇并几个家人的性命不曾伤了，急的士隐惟跌足长叹而已。&lt;br /&gt;
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This family deserves this fate for using bamboos and wood as hedge. One by one, the whole street burnt like the Mountain of Flames. At that time, though the army and people came for rescue, the fire had already been too large to put out. It didn't burn until the morning. It cannot be estimated that how many houses had been destroyed. Poor Zhen's house next door had turned into a pile of rubble, only the couple and the families unhurt, which made Zhen Shiyin anxious and sigh deeply.--[[User:Yin Yuan|Yin Yuan]] ([[User talk:Yin Yuan|talk]]) 14:44, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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This family deserved this fate for using bamboos and wood as hedge. One house by one house, the whole street burnt like the Mountain of Flames. At that time, though the army and people came for rescue, the fire had already been too large to put out. It didn't burn until the morning. It cannot be estimated that how many houses had been destroyed. The fire had turned Poor Zhen's house next door into a pile of rubble, only the couple and several families unhurt, which made Zhen Shiyin anxious and sigh deeply.--[[User:Zhan Ruoxuan|Zhan Ruoxuan]] ([[User talk:Zhan Ruoxuan|talk]]) 10:47, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==詹若萱 Zhān Ruòxuān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081549==&lt;br /&gt;
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与妻子商议，且到田庄上去住。偏值近年水旱不收，贼盗蜂起，官兵剿捕，田庄上又难以安身。只得将田地都折变了，携了妻子与两个丫鬟，投他岳丈家去。&lt;br /&gt;
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He discussed with his wife, and went to live on the farm. However, in recent years, harvests have been ruined by flood and drought, and thieves and robbers have been rising. It was difficult to settle down on the farm. He had to sell his lands at a discount and took his wife and two maids to seek his father-in-law's help.--[[User:Zhan Ruoxuan|Zhan Ruoxuan]] ([[User talk:Zhan Ruoxuan|talk]]) 10:42, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张秋怡 Zhāng Qiūyí 亚非语言文学 女 202120081550==&lt;br /&gt;
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他岳丈名唤封肃，本贯大如州人氏，虽是务农，家中却还殷实。今见女婿这等狼狈而来，心中便有些不乐。幸而士隐还有折变田产的银子在身边，拿出来托他随便置买些房地，以为后日衣食之计。&lt;br /&gt;
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His father-in-law's name was Feng Su. His native place was Daruzhou. Although he was a farmer, his family was well off. Now, seeing her son-in-law come in such a discomfiture, I felt unhappy. Fortunately, there are hidden converted field of silver in the side, took out to entrust him to buy some premises, that the day after the means of food and clothing.--[[User:Zhang Qiuyi|Zhang Qiuyi]] ([[User talk:Zhang Qiuyi|talk]]) 10:19, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张扬 Zhāng Yáng 国别 男 202120081551==&lt;br /&gt;
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那封肃便半用半赚的，略与他些薄田破屋。士隐乃读书之人，不惯生理稼穑等事，勉强支持了一二年，越发穷了。封肃见面时，便说些现成话儿；且人前人后，又怨他不会过，只一味好吃懒做。&lt;br /&gt;
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==张怡然 Zhāng Yírán 俄语语言文学 女 202120081552==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐知道了，心中未免悔恨；再兼上年惊唬，急忿怨痛：暮年之人，那禁得贫病交攻，竟渐渐的露出那下世的光景来。可巧这日拄了拐，扎挣到街前散散心时，忽见那边来了一个跛足道人，疯狂落拓，麻鞋鹑衣，口内念着几句言词道：&lt;br /&gt;
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When Hidden Truth found out about this, he felt remorse in his heart; he was also frightened of the previous year, and he felt angry and resentful: a man in his twilight years, who could not help being attacked by poverty and illness, was gradually revealing the scene of his next life. It happened that when he was on crutches, he went to the street for a walk, and suddenly he saw a crippled Taoist, crazy and untidy, with sackcloth shoes and quails, reciting a few words under his breath.--[[User:Zhang Yiran|Zhang Yiran]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yiran|talk]]) 02:26, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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When Hidden Truth found out this, he felt remorse in his heart; he was also frightened of the previous year, angry and resentful: a man in his twilight， who could not be able to be attacked by poverty and illness, was gradually revealing the scene of his next life. It happened that when he was on crutches, he went to the street for a walk, and suddenly he saw a crippled Taoist, crazy and untidy, with ragged shoes and clothes，reciting a few words under his breath.--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 07:00, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟义菲 Zhōng Yìfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081553==&lt;br /&gt;
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世人都晓神仙好，惟有功名忘不了。古今将相在何方？荒冢一堆草没了。世人都晓神仙好，只有金银忘不了。终朝只恨聚无多，及到多时眼闭了。&lt;br /&gt;
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The common people know that immortals are good, but they can't forget their achievements and fame. Where are the generals and prime ministers from ancient times to the present？What we can see are just deserted graves full of grass. The common people  know that immortals are good, but they can‘t forget gold and silver. Till the end of life，they would regret their inability to create as much wealth as possible when they are alive and regret they are going to the heaven after they have accumulated plenty of wealth.--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 02:42, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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All the common people know that immortals are good, but they can't forget their achievements and ambitions. Where are the great ones of old？They are just deserted graves full of grass. All the common people know that immortals are good, but they can‘t forget gold and silver. They grub for money all their lives until death seals up their eyes.--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 07:24, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟雨露 Zhōng Yǔlù 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081554==&lt;br /&gt;
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世人都晓神仙好，只有姣妻忘不了。君生日日说恩情，君死又随人去了。世人都晓神仙好，只有儿孙忘不了。痴心父母古来多，孝顺子孙谁见了？&lt;br /&gt;
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All men want to be immortals, but dote on the wives they’ve married. Those who swear to love their husband forever, but  remarry as soon as he’s dead. All men want to be immortals, but dote on the sons they’ve gotten. Although infatuated parents are numerous, who ever saw really filial sons or daughters?--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 02:05, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Everyone in the world knows that the gods are good, but only the pretty wife can't forget. You swear to remember your husband’s  kindness, but when your husband die, you go away with others. Everyone knows that the gods are good, but only the children and grandchildren cannot be forgotten. There are many loving parents in the past, but who has seen the filial children?--[[User:Zhou Jiu|Zhou Jiu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Jiu|talk]]) 09:04, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周玖 Zhōu Jiǔ 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081555==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐听了，便迎上来道：“你满口说些什么？只听见些‘好’、‘了’，‘好’、‘了’。”那道人笑道：“你若果听见‘好’、‘了’二字，还算你明白。可知世上万般，好便是了，了便是好：若不了，便不好；若要好，须是了。我这歌儿便叫《好了歌》。&lt;br /&gt;
When the hermit heard it, he came up and said, &amp;quot;What are you talking about ?&amp;quot; I just hear 'Hao’ (means good), 'Liao' (means end) 'Hao’, ‘Liao'. The man laughed, &amp;quot;If you hear the words 'Hao' and 'Liao', you understand it. In this world, good is end, and the end is good. If there is no end, there is no good, and vice versa. My song is called ‘The Song of ‘Hao’ and ‘ Liao’. ”--[[User:Zhou Jiu|Zhou Jiu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Jiu|talk]]) 08:54, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Hidden Truth came over after heard this and said: “ What are you talking about? I just hear the words ‘good’ and ‘end’.” That man laughed, “ You heard the words ‘good’ and ‘end’, that means you got a few things going for you. In this world, good is end, and end is good. If there is no end, there is no good, and vice versa. My song is called ''All Dood Things Must End''.”--[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 12:19, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周俊辉 Zhōu Jùnhuī 法语语言文学 女 202120081556==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐本是有夙慧的，一闻此言，心中早已悟彻，因笑道：“且住，待我将你这《好了歌》注解出来何如？”道人笑道：“你就请解。”士隐乃说道：陋室空堂，当年笏满床。&lt;br /&gt;
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So intelligent, Hidden Truth understood the essence of the song entirely in his head as soon as he heard it, and said: “ Wait a minute. How about I explain your song ''All Good Things Must End'' ？” The Taoist priest said, laughing : “ Would you please explain.” Hidden Truth then explain: “ The empty and dilapidated rattraps we see today, were the grand mansions full of beds and boards used by dignitaries at that time.”--[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 08:01, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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So intelligent as Hidden Truth is, he  understood the essence of the song entirely in his head as soon as once hearing it, and said: “ Wait a minute. How about I explain your song ''All Good Things Must End'' ？” The Taoist priest said, laughing : “ Would you please explain.” Hidden Truth then explain: “ The empty and dilapidated rattraps we see today, were the grand mansions full of boards used by  courtiers at that time.”--[[User:Zhou Qiao1|Zhou Qiao1]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qiao1|talk]]) 13:23, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周巧 Zhōu Qiǎo 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081557==&lt;br /&gt;
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衰草枯杨，曾为歌舞场。蛛丝儿结满雕梁，绿纱今又在蓬窗上。说甚么脂正浓，粉正香，如何两鬓又成霜？&lt;br /&gt;
Humble hovels and abandoned halls where courtiers once paid daily calls；Bleak places where weeds and trees scarcely thrive&lt;br /&gt;
were once with a show of peace and prosperity．When cobwebs cover the mansion’s gilded beams，and collage casement with choice muslin gleams．Would you of perfumed elegance recite? Even as you speak, the raven locks turn white．--[[User:Zhou Qiao1|Zhou Qiao1]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qiao1|talk]]) 13:06, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周清 Zhōu Qīng 法语语言文学 女 202120081558==&lt;br /&gt;
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昨日黄土陇头埋白骨，今宵红绡帐底卧鸳鸯。金满箱，银满箱，转眼乞丐人皆谤。正叹他人命不长，那知自己归来丧。&lt;br /&gt;
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==周小雪 Zhōu Xiǎoxuě 日语语言文学 女 202120081559==&lt;br /&gt;
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训有方，保不定日后作强梁；择膏粱，谁承望流落在烟花巷。因嫌纱帽小，致使锁枷扛；昨怜破袄寒，今嫌紫蟒长。乱烘烘，你方唱罢我登场，反认他乡是故乡。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Though intentionally educated according to parents' plan, one can also become a bandit later. Trying her best to marry into a rich family, she ends up in a red-light district beyond everyone's expectation.People who not satisfied with his positions has to spend the rest of his life in a prison in chains. People who used to be very poor and used worn coats to resist the cold were not satisfied with gorgeous clothes after they became rich.I come on the stage as soon as you have finished your singing in a chaotic manner. Taking other's hometown as my own. --[[User:Zhou Xiaoxue|Zhou Xiaoxue]] ([[User talk:Zhou Xiaoxue|talk]]) 11:42, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Though she was well educated according to her parent's plan, one can become a bandit later. She tried her best to marry into a rich family. However, she ended up in a (red-light)? district beyond everyone's expectation. People who are not satisfied with their positions have to spend the rest of their life in a prison in chains. People who used to be very poor and used worn coats to resist the cold were not satisfied with fancy clothes after they became rich. I come on the stage as soon as you have finished your singing in a chaotic manner. Taking other's hometown as my own. --[[User:Zhou Xiaoxue|Zhou Xiaoxue]] ([[User talk:Zhou Xiaoxue|talk]]) 11:42, 22 November 2021 (UTC)--[[User:Mahzad Heydarian|Mahzad Heydarian]] ([[User talk:Mahzad Heydarian|talk]]) 16:56, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==朱素珍 Zhū Sùzhēn 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081561==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
甚荒唐，到头来，都是为他人作嫁衣裳。那疯跛道人听了，拍掌大笑道：“解得切，解得切！”士隐便说一声：“走罢。”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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It's ridiculous. In the end, they make wedding clothes for others. The crazy lame Taoist listened, clapped his hands and laughed and said, &amp;quot;it's right, it's right!&amp;quot; Shiyin said, &amp;quot;let's go.&amp;quot;--[[User:Zou Yueli|Zou Yueli]] ([[User talk:Zou Yueli|talk]]) 11:43, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Headline text ==&lt;br /&gt;
==邹岳丽 Zōu Yuèlí 日语语言文学 女 202120081562==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
将道人肩上的搭裢抢过来背上，竟不回家，同着疯道人飘飘而去。当下哄动街坊，众人当作一件新闻传说。封氏闻知此信，哭个死去活来。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He grabbed the lap on the Taoist's shoulder and carried it on his back. He didn't go home and floated away with the crazy Taoist. At that moment, the neighborhood was stirred up and everyone regarded it as a news legend. When Feng heard this letter, he cried to death.--[[User:Zou Yueli|Zou Yueli]] ([[User talk:Zou Yueli|talk]]) 11:34, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Nadia 202011080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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只得与父亲商议，遣人各处访寻，那讨音信。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Mahzad Heydarian 玛莎 202021080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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无奈何，只得依靠着他父母度日。&lt;br /&gt;
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He was so helpless that he had to rely on his parents to survive.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Mariam toure 2020GBJ002301==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
幸而身边还有两个旧日的丫鬟伏侍，主仆三人，日夜作些针线，帮着父亲用度。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Rouabah Soumaya 202121080001==&lt;br /&gt;
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那封肃虽然每日抱怨，也无可奈何了。&lt;br /&gt;
Although Feng Su complained every day, he was helpless&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Numan 202121080002==&lt;br /&gt;
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这日那甄家的大丫鬟在门前买线，忽听得街上喝道之声。&lt;br /&gt;
The other day, the eldest maid of the Chen family was buying thread at the door when she heard a shout from the street.--[[User:Atta Ur Rahman|Atta Ur Rahman]] ([[User talk:Atta Ur Rahman|talk]]) 14:50, 23 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Atta Ur Rahman 202121080003==&lt;br /&gt;
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众人都说：“新太爷到任了。”&lt;br /&gt;
Everyone said: &amp;quot;The new grandfather has arrived&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Saqib Mehran 202121080004==&lt;br /&gt;
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丫鬟隐在门内看时，只见军牢、快手一对一对过去，俄而大轿内抬着一个乌帽猩袍的官府来了。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Zohaib Chand 202121080005==&lt;br /&gt;
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那丫鬟倒发了个怔，自思：“这官儿好面善，倒像在那里见过的。”&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;Insert non-formatted text here&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;==Jawad Ahmad 202121080006==&lt;br /&gt;
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于是进入房中，也就丢过，不在心上。&lt;br /&gt;
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Then she went into the room and laid the matter aside ，without taking it to heart.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Nizam Uddin 202121080007==&lt;br /&gt;
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至晚间正待歇息之时，忽听一片声打的门响，许多人乱嚷，说：“本县太爷的差人来传人问话！”&lt;br /&gt;
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English:&lt;br /&gt;
When I was about to rest in the evening, I heard a bang on the door suddenly, and many people shouted in disorder, saying, &amp;quot;The county's grandfather's messenger is here for questioning!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Öncü 202121080008==&lt;br /&gt;
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封肃听了，唬得目瞪口呆。&lt;br /&gt;
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Fengsu hear it,he gaped in consternation --[[User:AkiraJantarat|AkiraJantarat]] ([[User talk:AkiraJantarat|talk]]) 13:28, 22 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Akira Jantarat 202121080009==&lt;br /&gt;
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不知有何祸事，且听下回分解。&lt;br /&gt;
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Don't know something calamity happened, will describe in the ensuing chapter.--[[User:AkiraJantarat|AkiraJantarat]] ([[User talk:AkiraJantarat|talk]]) 06:36, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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If you don't know what calamity took place, listen to the break down given in the next chapter.--[[User:Benjamin Wellsand|Benjamin Wellsand]] ([[User talk:Benjamin Wellsand|talk]]) 12:54, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Benjamin Wellsand 202111080118==&lt;br /&gt;
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通灵──“通灵宝玉”的简称。Psychic--short for ''Psychic Treasure.--[[User:Benjamin Wellsand|Benjamin Wellsand]] ([[User talk:Benjamin Wellsand|talk]]) 12:48, 21 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Psychic -- the abbreviation for &amp;quot;Psychic Treasure&amp;quot;. --[[User:Asep Budiman|Asep Budiman]] ([[User talk:Asep Budiman|talk]]) 03:35, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Asep Budiman 202111080020==&lt;br /&gt;
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亦即下文所说女娲炼石补天所剩的那块“顽石”，因其历经锻炼而“灵性已通”，并能幻化为贾宝玉，故称。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
That is to say, the &amp;quot;stubborn stone&amp;quot; left by Nüwa's refining stone to replenish the sky. As it has undergone training, it has &amp;quot;spiritual achievement&amp;quot; and can be transformed into Jia Baoyu, so it is called. --[[User:Asep Budiman|Asep Budiman]] ([[User talk:Asep Budiman|talk]]) 03:48, 24 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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That is to say, the &amp;quot;stubborn stone&amp;quot; left by Nüwa's refining stone to replenish the sky, because it has undergone training, has &amp;quot;spiritually achieved&amp;quot; and can be transformed into Jia Baoyu, so it is called.--[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 06:10, 24 November 2021 (UTC)Ei Mon Kyaw&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Ei Mon Kyaw 202111080021==&lt;br /&gt;
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《石头记》──此书的本名。&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Story of the Stone&amp;quot; - the original name of the book. --[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 06:26, 24 November 2021 (UTC)Ei Mon Kyaw&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=127967</id>
		<title>Machine translation</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=127967"/>
		<updated>2021-11-23T12:54:10Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 9 谢佳芬（人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译） */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
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30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
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=1 卫怡雯(A Comparison Between the Quality of Machine Translation and Human Translation——A Case Study of the Application of artificial intelligence in Sports Events)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With deeper globalization, international sports competitions become more frequently. Translation plays an important role in sports communication. Nowadays, machine translation has been widely applied in many fields because of the rapid development of artificial intelligence. This essay will expound the current situation of the application of machine translation in sports events and the future of it as well as make a comparison with human translation.&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Human Translation; International Sports Events；Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
论机器翻译与人工翻译的质量对比——以人工智能在体育赛事领域的应用为例&lt;br /&gt;
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===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
随着全球化的推进，世界的交流增多，国际体育比赛也日渐频繁。语言翻译是体育比赛时重要的沟通工具。随着人工智能的快速发展，机器翻译已经广泛应用于许多领域。本文将探讨机器翻译在体育比赛中的应用现状与未来的发展前景，并将其与人工翻译进行对比。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译；人工翻译；国际体育赛事；人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
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===1. Introduction ===&lt;br /&gt;
With the speeding of globalization, not only does economy develop, but China has participated in more and more international sports competitions in order to build a leading sports nation. In the chapter 11 of ''Genesis'' of the ''Bible'', it was recorded that men united to build a Babel Tower with the purpose of reaching the heaven. In order to stop the human’s plan, God determined the human beings to speak different languages, so that they could not communicate with each other. The plan finally failed because of the language barrier. Therefore, language communication and translation exert an enormous influence on exchange. The level of language service not only shows the capability of a country’s holding events, but also a way to show cultural soft power. &lt;br /&gt;
As artificial intelligence has developed so fast, whether machine translation will replace human translation one day has been a heated debate for several years. Machine translation has been applied in Tokyo Olympic Games and other individual events, such as football and tennis. It will also be applied in Beijing Winter Olympic Games and Hangzhou Asian Games in the coming year. Though it effectively solves the shortage of translators, there are still many problems existing.&lt;br /&gt;
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===2.The Current Situation of Machine Translation in Sports ===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation is a processing of natural language with artificial intelligence.  Since 1949, the father of machine translation Warren Weaver put forward the concept, there were three periods in the development of machine translation. The first is rule-based machine translation. Linguists believed that there can be rules to follow in language, so they summarize the rules of different natural languages and use computers to transfer them. The second is statistical machine translation. It is a data-driven approach by establishing of probability model to calculate the translation  And nowadays, neural machine translation has been applied in machine translation since 2014. It adopted the continuous space representation to represent words, phrases and sentences. In translation model, it doesn’t need word alignment, phrase extraction, phrase probability calculation and other statistical machine translation processing steps, instead, it only convert source language to target language by neutral network.&lt;br /&gt;
One of the traits of sports translation is real-time. Lagging message is invaluable. Simultaneous interpretation of sports commentators is the most common way in the race. Translators need to bring the first-hand information to the athletes, coaches, referee and audience. Athletes and coach need to adjust strategies to win the game after getting the indication of referee. Audience can feel immerged in the intense situation and experience the nervous atmosphere. Second, sports translators should equip with many professional knowledge. Another trait is that sports translation involves in many languages. Sports players from all over the world will attend the competition. But nowadays, the translation is limit on English. Above all, the requirements of sports translators are strict. Therefore, in current time, the demand and supply of sports translation talents are unbalanced. There is in badly-need of sports translators in both quantity and quality. It is necessary to introduce the machine translation to it in order to alleviate talent shortage.&lt;br /&gt;
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===3.The Comparison of Machine Translation and Human Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
The advantage of machine translation is: First, during the pandemic period, it can reduce the human contact face to face, keep distance from each other and guarantee the athletes, staff and volunteers health. Second, it can be more effective without the epidemic prevention procedures&lt;br /&gt;
However, the application of machine translation in sports field still exist problems.&lt;br /&gt;
Though machine translation has greatly improved in the fluency of sentence, which exerts little influence on daily communication, the combination of linguistics with machine translation is essential, particularly in specialized professional fields such as sports. In the process of sports translation, we will come across many professional sports terms, which is completely different from the daily meaning.&lt;br /&gt;
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===4.The Future of  the application in sports field===&lt;br /&gt;
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===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
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===References===&lt;br /&gt;
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=2 吴映红（The Introduction of Machine Translation)= &lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_2]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
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===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译的发展历程与主要内容&lt;br /&gt;
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===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
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===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation；&lt;br /&gt;
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===1.===&lt;br /&gt;
Introduction:&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation has been in the works for decades, and every day, it is becoming less of a science fiction hope and more of a reality. Understanding the nuances of language is difficult even for people to pick up, and it is now apparent that this is the very reason why machine translation has only been able to develop so far.&lt;br /&gt;
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EARLY HISTORY&lt;br /&gt;
Developers have dreamed of computers that quickly understand and translate language since the potential of such a device was first realized. One of the most important outcomes of creating and improving upon translation technology is that it opens up the world of computers beyond just mathematical and logical functions, into more complex relationships between words and meaning.&lt;br /&gt;
The early history of machine translation began around the 1950s. Warren Weaver of the Rockefeller Foundation began putting together machine-based code breaking and natural language processing, which pioneered the concept of computer translation as early as 1949. These proposals can be found in his “Memorandum on Translation.”&lt;br /&gt;
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Fascinatingly enough, it did not take long before computer translation projects were well underway. The research team that founded the Georgetown-IBM experiment had a demonstration in 1954 of a machine that could translate 250 words from Russian into English.&lt;br /&gt;
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CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS&lt;br /&gt;
People thought that machine translation was on the fast track to solving a great number of problems surrounding communication barriers, and many translators began to fear for their jobs. However, advancements ended up stalling before they hit their stride due to subtle language nuances that computers simply could not pick up on.&lt;br /&gt;
No matter the language, words often have multiple meanings or connotations. Human brains are simply better equipped than a computer to access the complex framework of meaning and syntax. By 1964, the US Automatic Language Processing Advisory Committee (ALPAC) reported that machine translation was not worth the effort or resources being used to develop it.&lt;br /&gt;
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1970-1990&lt;br /&gt;
Not all countries had the same views as ALPAC. In the 1970s, Canada developed the METEO system, which translated weather reports from English into French. It was a simple program that was able to translate 80,000 words per day. The program was successful enough to enjoy use into the 2000s before requiring a system update.&lt;br /&gt;
The French Textile Institute used machine translation to convert abstracts from French into English, German, and Spanish. Around the same timeframe, Xerox used their own system to translate technical manuals. Both were used effectively as early as the 1970s, but machine translation was still only scratching the surface by translating technical documents.&lt;br /&gt;
By the 1980s, people were diving into developing translation memory technology, which was the beginning of overcoming the challenges posed by nuanced verbal communication. But, systems continued to face the same trappings when trying to convert text into a new language without losing meaning.&lt;br /&gt;
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2000&lt;br /&gt;
Due to the creation of the Internet and all the opportunity it offered, Franz-Josef Och won a machine translation speed competition in 2003 and would become head of Translation Development at Google. By 2012, Google announced that its own Google Translate translated enough text to fill one million books in a day.&lt;br /&gt;
Japan also leads the revolution of machine translation by creating speech-to-speech translations for mobile phones that function for English, Japanese, and Chinese. This is a result of investing time and money into developing computer systems that model a neural network instead of memory-based functions.&lt;br /&gt;
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As such, Google informed the public in 2016 that the implementation of a neural network approach improved clarity across Google Translate, eliminating much of its clumsiness. They called it the Google Neural Machine Translation (NMT) system. The system began translating language pairings that it had not been taught. The programmers taught the system English and Portuguese and also English to Spanish. The system then began translating Portuguese and Spanish, though it had not been assigned that pairing.&lt;br /&gt;
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FUTURE ENDEAVORS&lt;br /&gt;
It was once believed that the time had finally come when machine translation might be able to outperform human counterparts. In 2017, Sejong Cyber University and the International Interpretation and Translation Association of Korea put on a competition between four humans and leading machine translation systems. The machines translated the text faster that the humans without any doubt, but they still could not compete with the human mind when it came to nuance and accuracy of translation.&lt;br /&gt;
People have been dreaming about the swiftness and ease promised by accurate, reliable machine translation since before the 1950s. The fanciful idea of a shared way to communicate worldwide still has a long way to go. Creating a computer that thinks more like a human will open the world to possibilities beyond just simple communication. Technology has advanced well beyond using a machine to crunch numbers – it brings the world closer and closer together with each passing year. But for now, you are better sticking with human translators for the texts that matter.&lt;br /&gt;
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===2.===&lt;br /&gt;
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===3.===&lt;br /&gt;
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===4.===&lt;br /&gt;
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===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
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===References===&lt;br /&gt;
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=3 肖毅瑶(On the Realm Advantages And Symbiotic Development of Machine Translation And Huamn Translation)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_3]]&lt;br /&gt;
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===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation has achieved great advancement since its appearance in 1947, and plays an increasingly significant role in translation market. Then it gives rise to a intense argument among the scholars on the relationship between machine translation and human translation. Does the emergence of machine translation exactly pose a huge challenge or bring incredible opportunities to the human translation market? What might be going on between the two kinds of translation? Will they replace each other or develop hand in hand? How should translators cope with such a competitive situation?&lt;br /&gt;
The author consider that along with the continuous improvement of science and technology, although machine translation indeed has occupied a dominant position in some specific fields, it  still exists certain defects and is improbable to displace human translation.Therefore, based on the distinctive characteristics of machine translation and human translation, this paper intends to briefly analyze their respective advantages in different fields and to explore the possibilities and approaches for their symbiotic development.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Huamn Translation; Realm Advantages; Symbiotic Development&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
论机器翻译与人工翻译的领域优势及共生发展&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译自1947年问世以来不断发展，并逐渐在翻译市场发挥着举足轻重的作用，随之而至的便是人们对于机器翻译与人工翻译之间关系的思考与研究。机器翻译的应运而生给人工翻译市场带来的究竟是巨大的冲击还是无限的机遇呢？二者的关系走向将会如何，是取而代之还是并驾齐驱？译者该如何应对机器翻译的挑战？&lt;br /&gt;
笔者认为随着科学技术的不断完善，人工翻译和机器翻译在不同的领域各自都具备一定主导地位，但机器翻译仍旧存在一定缺陷，永远不可能取代人工翻译。本文立足于机器翻译与人工翻译的不同特点，浅析二者各自的领域优势，探究其共生发展的可能性以及途径。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
人工翻译；机器翻译；领域优势；共生发展&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
From the dawn of time, translation has always been of great necessity in every aspects, such as in political, economic and daily life. With countries around the world becoming more inter-linked, it demands much more amounts of translators. Nevertheless, human translators are quite expensive but limited by time and space. Then machine translation comes into being for higher efficiency and lower cost. Machine translation, also called computer aided translation, refers to using a computer to translate the source language into target language. It is completely automatic without any human intervention. Currently, machine translation has hold a great position in the translation market and has caused certain impact on the employment of human translators. Thus many scholars are concerned about whether human translators could be totally displaced by machine translation. If not, how could translators get along with machine translation in harmony and complementarily? &lt;br /&gt;
This paper aims to through a comparative analysis between machine translation and human translation to figure out their respective advantage as well as the existing defects. The author believes that machine translation can be both a challenge and an opportunity, which depends on how human translators deal with such a situation. Therefore, in this paper, the author attempts to present some advice on how could human translation and machine translation achieve a cooperative development.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. The emergence and development of machine translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
The Origin of machine translation can be traced back to 1949，when Warren Weaver first proposed what is machine translation. In the following several decades, America played a leading role in the research of machine translation, while this situation ended in an accuse of uselessness to the whole society by American government. Then machine translation research entered into a stagnation. In 1970s, people’s interest on machine translation was raised again, thus it achieved a considerable development. With the continuous advancement of science technology in China, machine translation gradually gained more and more attention. Many researchers and companies began to realize the great value and profit in it, for which various systems and softwares emerged one after another. These inventions did bring a lot convenience to human life, which enjoys much more preferment from people for its high efficiency and economical essence compared to human translators.&lt;br /&gt;
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===3.===&lt;br /&gt;
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===4.===&lt;br /&gt;
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===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
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===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=4 王李菲 （Comparison Between Neural Machine Translation of Netease and Traditional Human Translation—A Case Study of The Economist Articles)= &lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_4]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation is a subfield of artificial intelligence and natural language processing that investigates transforming the source language into the target language. On this basis, the emergence of neural machine translation, a new method based on sequence-to-sequence model, improves the quality and accuracy of translation to a new level. As one of the earliest companies to invest in machine translation in China, Netease launched neural machine translation in 2017, which adopts the unique structure of neural network to encode sentences, imitating the working mechanism of human brain, and generates a translation that is more professional and more in line with the target language context. This paper takes the articles in The Economist as the corpus for analysis, and aims to explore the types and causes of common errors, as well as the advantages and challenges of each, through the comparative analysis of Netease neural machine translation and human translation, and finally to forecast the future development trend and make a summary of this paper.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Neural Machine Translation; Human Translation; Contrastive Analysis&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
有道神经网络机器翻译与传统人工翻译的译文对比——以经济学人语料为例&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译研究将源语言所表达的语义自动转换为目标语言的相同语义，是人工智能和自然语言处理的重要研究分区。在此基础上，一种基于序列到序列模型的全新机器翻译方法——神经机器翻译的出现让译文的质量和准确度提升到了新的层次。网易作为国内最早投身机器翻译的公司之一，在2017年上线的神经网络翻译采用了独到的神经网络结构，模仿人脑的工作机制对句子进行编码，生成的译文更具专业性，也更符合目的语语境。本文以经济学人内的文章为分析语料，旨在通过对网易神经机器翻译和人工翻译的英汉译文进行对比分析，探究常见错误类型及生成原因，以及各自存在的优势与挑战，最后展望未来发展趋势，并对本文做出总结。 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
神经网络翻译；人工翻译；对比分析&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
'''1.1 Neural Machine Translation'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of neural machine translation (NMT), which has replaced traditional statistical machine translation (SMT) to become a new mainstream technique, playing a crucial part in many fields, like business, academic and industry. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The previous SMT was more like a mechanical system, consisting of several components, including phrase conditions, partial conditions, sequential conditions, primitive models, and so on. Each module has its own function and goal, and then outputs the translation results through mechanical splicing. Its main disadvantage is that the model contains low syntactic and semantic components, so it will encounter problems when dealing with languages with large syntactic differences, such as Chinese-English. Sometimes the result is unreadable even though it is &amp;quot;word-for-word&amp;quot;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Compared with SMT, NMT model is more like an organism. There are many parameters in the model that can be adjusted and optimized for the same goal, making the combination and interaction more organic and the overall translation effect better. Its core is deep learning of artificial intelligence which can imitate the working mechanism of human brain and adopt unique neural network structure to model the whole process of translation. The whole model is composed of a large number of &amp;quot;neurons&amp;quot;, and each &amp;quot;neuron&amp;quot; has to complete some simple tasks, and then through the combination of all of them to coordinate the work, a much better translation text appears. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Since NMT put more emphasis on context and the whole text, it produces more coherent and comprehensible content to readers than traditional SMT, and be widely accepted and used in various field in a very short time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''1.2 Business English Translation''' &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The process of economic globalization has accelerated overwhelmingly nowadays, and considerable resources are poured into the business field. As a branch of global language English, business English is proposed under the theoretical framework of English for Specific Purpose (ESP), serves the international business activities which is a professional subject requiring specialized English. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to the general standard, business English can be divided into two categories: English for General Business Purpose and English for Specific Business Purpose. Under this standard, business English is closely related to serious economic activities, resulting different functional variants, such as legal English, practical writing English, advertising English and so on. In a narrow definition, business English at least includes the following three types: 1) texts like commercial advertising, company profile, product description and so on; 2) texts related to cross- culture communication between business people to job hunting; text connected with world economy, international trade, finance, securities and investment, marketing, management, logistics and transport, contracts and agreements, insurance and arbitration.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''The Economist'' is an international news and Business Weekly offering clear coverage, commentary and analysis of global politics, business, finance, science and technology. A huge number of terminologies plus the polysemy contained in the texts, put forward a tricky problem to both machine translation and human translation.&lt;br /&gt;
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===2. ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===3.===&lt;br /&gt;
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===4.===&lt;br /&gt;
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===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
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===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=5 杨柳青=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_5]]&lt;br /&gt;
=6 徐敏赟(Machine Translation Based on Neural Network --Challenge or Chance)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_6]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the acceleration of economic globalization, there is a growing demand for translation services. In recent years, with the rapid development of neural networks and deep learning, the quality of machine translation has been significantly improved. Compared with human translation, machine translation has the advantages of low cost and high speed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Neural machine translation brings both convenience and pressure to translators. Based on the principles of neural machine translation, this paper will objectively analyze the advantages and disadvantages of neural machine translation, and discuss whether neural machine translation is a chance or a challenge for human translators.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Neural network; Deep learning; Machine translation; human translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
基于神经网络的机器翻译 --机遇还是挑战？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
随着经济全球化进程的加速，人们对翻译服务的需求也越来越大。近些年来，神经网络和深度学习等技术得到快速发展，机器翻译的质量得到了显著提高，较人工翻译来讲有着成本低，速度快等优势。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
基于神经网络的机器翻译给翻译工作者带来便捷的同时，同时也给翻译工作者们带来了一定的压力。本文将会从神经机器翻译的原理出发，客观分析基于神经网络的机器翻译中存在的一些优势与劣势，并以此来探讨机器翻译对于翻译工作者来说到底是机遇还是挑战这一问题。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
神经网络；深度学习；机器翻译；人工翻译；&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation, a branch of Natural Language Processing (NLP), refers to the process of using a machine to automatically translate a natural language (source language) sentence into another language (target language) sentence (Li Mu, Liu Shujie, Zhang Dongdong, Zhou Ming 2018, 2). The natural language here refers to human language used daily (such as English, Chinese, Japanese, etc.), which is different from languages created by humans for specific purposes (such as computer programming languages).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to statistics, there are about 5600 human languages in existence. In China, as we are a big family composed of 56 ethnic groups, some ethnic minorities also have their own languages and scripts. In other countries, due to the history of colonization, these countries usually have multiple official languages, so some official documents usually need to be written in more than two languages. In the context of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative, communication among different languages has become an important part of building a community with a shared future for mankind. Therefore, the application of machine translation technology can help promote national unity, communication between different languages and cross-cultural communication.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the latest machine translation method, neural machine translation, has advantages such as speed and low cost, machine translation is still far from being as effective as human translation. Li Yao (Li Yao 2021, 39) selects Chronicle of a Blood Merchant translated by Andrew F. Jones, a classic work of Yu Hua, and the versions of Baidu Translation, Youdao Translation and Google Translation as corpus to conduct a comparative study on translation quality. Starting from the development of machine translation, Jin Wenlu (Jin Wenlu 2019, 82) analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of machine translation and manual translation, discussed the question of whether machine translation can replace human translation. In order to further explore the impact of machine translation on translators, this paper will take neural machine translation - the latest machine translation as an example to discuss whether machine translation is a chance or a challenge for translators.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Comparison of different machine translation methods===&lt;br /&gt;
Actually, the development of Machine Translation methods is going through four stages: rule-based methods, instance-based methods, statistical machine translation and neural machine translation. At present, thanks to the application of deep learning methods, neural machine translation has become the mainstream. Compared with statistical machine translation, neural machine translation has the following advantages:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1) End-to-end learning does not rely on too many prior assumptions. In the era of statistical machine translation, model design makes more or less assumptions about the process of translation. Phrase-based models, for example, assume that both source and target languages are sliced into sequences of phrases, with some alignment between them. This hypothesis has both advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, it draws lessons from the relevant concepts of linguistics and helps to integrate the model into human prior knowledge. On the other hand, the more assumptions, the more constrained the model. If the assumptions are correct, the model can describe the problem well. But if the assumptions are wrong, the model can be biased. Deep learning does not rely on prior knowledge, nor does it require manual design of features. The model learns directly from the mapping of input and output (end-to-end learning), which also avoids possible deviations caused by assumptions to a certain extent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2) The continuous space model of neural network has better representation ability. A basic problem in machine translation is how to represent a sentence. Statistical machine translation regards the process of sentence generation as the derivation of phrases or rules, which is essentially a symbol system in discrete space. Deep learning transforms traditional discrete-based representations into representations of continuous space. For example, a distributed representation of the space of real numbers replaces the discrete lexical representation, and the entire sentence can be described as a vector of real numbers. Therefore, the translation problem can be described in continuous space, which greatly alleviates the dimension disaster of traditional discrete space model. More importantly, continuous space model can be optimized by gradient descent and other methods, which has good mathematical properties and is easy to implement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Principles of Neural Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
=====Word Embedding=====&lt;br /&gt;
The first step of natural language processing is to transformed the words into a mathematical representation. The most intuitive word representation method in NLP, and by far the most commonly used, is one-hot representation, in which each word is represented as a long vector. The dimension of this vector is the size of the words table, most of the elements are 0, and only one dimension has a value of 1, and this dimension represents the current word.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One-hot representation is very concise when stored sparsely: each word is assigned a numeric id. For example, “tiger” is represented as [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 …] and “panda” is represented as [0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 …]. Therefore, we can label “tiger” as 4 and label “panda” as “1”. However, there is also a critical problem with one-hot representation: any two words are isolated from each other. And it's impossible to tell from these two vectors whether the words are related or not.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Deep Learning, what we commonly used isn’t one-hot representation just mentioned, but distributed representation which is often called word representation or word embedding. Such a vector would look something like this: [0.123, −0.258, −0.762, 0.556, −0.131 …]. And the dimension of this vector is far smaller than the vector dimension which is represented by one-hot representation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If words are represented in one-hot representation, it may cause a dimension disaster when it comes to solving certain tasks, such as building language models (Bengio 2003, 1137–1155). But using lower-dimensional word vectors doesn't have this problem. In practice, if high dimensional features are applied to Deep Learning, their complexity is almost unacceptable. Therefore, low dimensional word vectors are also popular here. As far as I concerned, the biggest contribution of word embedding is to make related or similar words closer in distance. And we will introduce the mainstream methods for calculating this vector later.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=====Neural Network Language Model=====&lt;br /&gt;
To introduce how to get word embedding by training, we have to mention language models. All the training methods I have seen so far are to get word embedding by the way while training the language model.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bengio (Bengio 2003, 1137–1155) used a three-layer neural network to build language models. As shown in the figure below:&lt;br /&gt;
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[[File:NNLM.jpg]]&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;math&amp;gt;Wt-n+1, …, Wt-2, Wt-1&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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===== =====&lt;br /&gt;
===== =====&lt;br /&gt;
===== =====&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
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===References===&lt;br /&gt;
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=7 颜莉莉(一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_7]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
In the era of artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence has been applied to various fields. In the field of translation, traditional translation models can no longer meet the rapid development and updating of the information age. The development of machine translation has brought structural changes to the language service industry, which poses challenges to the cultivation of translation talents. Under the background of &amp;quot;The Belt and Road initiative&amp;quot;, translation talents have higher and higher requirements on translation literacy. Artificial intelligence and translation technology are used to reform the training mode of translation talents, so as to better serve the development of The Times. This paper mainly explores the cultivation of artificial intelligence and translation talents under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative. The cultivation of translation talents is moving towards comprehensive cultivation of talents. On the contrary, artificial intelligence and machine translation can also be used to improve the teaching mode and teaching content, so as to win together in cooperation.&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Artificial intelligence,Machine translation,cultivation of translation talents,&amp;quot;The Belt and Road initiative&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
进入人工智能时代，人工智能被应用于各个领域。在翻译领域，传统的翻译模式已无法满足信息化时代的飞速发展和更新，机器翻译的发展给语言服务行业带来了结构性改变，这对翻译人才的培养提出了挑战。“一带一路”背景下，对翻译人才的翻译素养要求越来越高，利用人工智能和翻译技术对翻译人才培养模式进行革新，更好为时代发展服务。本文主要探究在一带一路背景下人工智能和翻译人才培养，翻译人才的培养过程中正向对人才的综合性培养，反之也可以利用人工智能和机器翻译完善教学模式和教学内容，在合作中共赢。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能；机器翻译；翻译人才培养；一带一路&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of science and technology in China, artificial intelligence has also been greatly improved, and related technologies have been applied to various fields, such as the use of intelligent robots to deliver food to quarantined people during the epidemic, which has made people's lives more convenient. The most controversial and widely discussed issue is machine translation. Before the emergence of machine translation, translation was generally dominated by human translation, including translation and interpretation, which was divided into simultaneous interpretation and hand transmission, etc. It takes a lot of time and energy to cultivate a translation talent. However, nowadays, the era is developing rapidly and information is updated rapidly. As a translation talent, it is necessary to constantly update its knowledge reserve to keep up with the pace of The Times. The emergence of machine translation has also posed challenges to translation talents and the training of translation talents. Although machine translation had some problems in the early stage, it is now constantly improving its functions. In the context of the belt and Road Initiative, both machine translation and human translation are facing difficulties. Regardless of whether human translation is still needed, what is more important at present is how to train translators to adapt to difficulties and promote the cooperation between human translation and machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
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===2.Development status of machine translation in the era of artificial intelligence ===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of AI technology, machine translation has made great progress and has been applied to people's lives. For example, more and more tourists choose to download translation software when traveling abroad, which makes machine translation take an absolute advantage in daily email reply and other translation activities that do not require high accuracy. The translation software commonly used by netizens include Google Translation, Baidu Translation, Youdao Translation, IFly.com Translation, etc. Even wechat and other chat software can also carry out instant Translation into English. Some companies have also launched translation pens, translation machines and other equipment, which enables even native speakers to rely on machine translation to carry out basic communication with other Chinese people.&lt;br /&gt;
But so far, machine translation still faces huge problems. Although machine translation has made great progress, it is highly dependent on corpus and other big data matching. It does not reach the thinking level of human brain, and cannot deal with the problem of translation differences caused by culture and religion. In addition, many minor languages cannot be translated by machine due to lack of corpus.&lt;br /&gt;
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What's more, most of the corpus is about developed countries such as Britain and France, and most of the corpus is about diplomacy, politics, science and technology, etc., while there are very few about nationality, culture, religion, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
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In addition, machine translation can only be used for daily communication at present. If it involves important occasions such as large conferences and international affairs, it is impossible to risk using machine translation for translation work. Professional translators are required to carry out translation work. So machine translation still has a long way to go.&lt;br /&gt;
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===3.Challenges in the training of translation talents in universities===&lt;br /&gt;
The cultivation of translators is targeted at the market. Professors Zhu Yifan and Guan Xinchao from the School of Foreign Languages at Shanghai Jiao Tong University believe that the cultivation of translators can be divided into four types: high-end translators and interpreters, senior translators and researchers, compound translators and applied translators.&lt;br /&gt;
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From their names, it can be seen that high-end translators and interpreters and senior translators and researchers talents have high requirements on the knowledge and quality of interpreters, because they have to face the changing international situation, and have to deal with all kinds of sensitive relations and political related content, they should have flexible cross-cultural communication skills. In addition, for literature, sociology and humanities academic works, it is not only necessary to translate their content, but also to understand their essence. Therefore, translators should not only have humanistic feelings, but also need to have a deep understanding of Chinese and western culture.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However, there is not much demand for this kind of translation in the society. Such high-level translation requirements are not needed in daily life and work. The greatest demand is for compound translators, which means that they should master knowledge in a specific field while mastering a foreign language. For example, compound translators in the financial field should not only be good at foreign languages, but also master financial knowledge, including professional terms, special expressions and sentence patterns.&lt;br /&gt;
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Now we say that machine translation can replace human translation should refer to the field of compound translation talents. Although AI technology has enabled machine translation to participate in creation, it does not mean that compound translation talents will be replaced by machines. The complexity of language and the flexible cross-cultural awareness required in communication make it impossible for machine translation to completely replace human translation.&lt;br /&gt;
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The last type of applied translation talents are mostly involved in the general text without too much technical content and few professional terms, so it is easy to be replaced by machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
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Therefore, the author thinks that what universities are facing at present is not only how to train translation talents to cope with the development of machine translation, but to consider the application of machine translation in the process of training translation talents to achieve human-machine integration, so as to better complete the translation work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.The Language environment and opportunities and challenges of the Belt and Road initiative===&lt;br /&gt;
During visits to Central and Southeast Asian countries in September and October 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping put forward the major initiative of jointly building the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. And began to be abbreviated as the Belt and Road Initiative.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to the Vision and Actions for Jointly Building silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, the Silk Road Economic Belt focuses on connecting China, Central Asia, Russia and Europe (the Baltic Sea). From China to the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea via Central and West Asia; China to Southeast Asia, South Asia, Indian Ocean. The focus of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road is to stretch from China's coastal ports to Europe, through the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean. From China's coastal ports across the South China Sea to the South Pacific.&lt;br /&gt;
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The Belt and Road &amp;quot;construction is comply with the world multi-polarization and economic globalization, cultural diversity, the initiative of social informatization tide, drive along the countries achieve economic policy coordination, to carry out a wider range, higher level, the deeper regional cooperation and jointly create open, inclusive and balanced, pratt &amp;amp;whitney regional economic cooperation framework.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====4.1一带一路的语言环境====&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;quot;Belt and Road&amp;quot; involves a wide range of countries and regions, and their languages and cultures are very complex. How to make good use of language, do a good job in translation services, actively spread Chinese culture to the world, strengthen the ability of discourse, and tell Chinese stories well, the first thing to do is to understand the language situation of the countries along the &amp;quot;Belt and Road&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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=====4.1.1The most common language in countries along the &amp;quot;Belt and Road&amp;quot; =====&lt;br /&gt;
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There are a wide variety of languages spoken in 65 countries along the Belt and Road, involving nine language families. However, The status of English as the first language in the world is undeniable. Most of the countries participating in the Belt and Road are developing countries, and many of them speak English as their first foreign language. Especially in southeast Asian and South Asian countries, English plays an important role in foreign communication, whether as the official language or the first foreign language. Besides English, more than 100 million people speak Russian, Hindi, Bengali, Arabic and other major languages in the &amp;quot;Belt and Road&amp;quot; countries. It can also be seen that a common feature of languages in countries along the &amp;quot;Belt and Road&amp;quot; is the popularization of English education. English is widely used in international politics, economy, culture, education, science and technology, playing the role of the most important language in the world.&lt;br /&gt;
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=====4.1.2The complex language conditions of countries along the &amp;quot;Belt and Road&amp;quot; =====&lt;br /&gt;
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The languages spoken in countries along the Belt and Road involve nine major language families and almost all the world's religious types. Differences in religious beliefs also result in differences in culture, customs and social values behind languages. The languages of some countries along the belt and Road have also been influenced by historical and realistic factors, such as colonization, internal division and immigration. &lt;br /&gt;
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India, for example, has no national language, but more than 20 official languages. India is a multi-ethnic country, a total of more than 100 people, one of the most obvious difference between nation and nation is the language problem. Therefore, according to the difference of language, India divides different ethnic groups into different states, big and small. Ethnic groups that use the same language are divided into one state. If there are two languages in a state, the state is divided into two parts. And Indian languages differ not only in word order but also in the way they are written. In India, for example, Hindi is spoken by the largest number of people in the north, with about 700 million speakers and 530 million as their first language. It is written in The Hindu language and belongs to the Indo-European language family. Telugu in the east is spoken by about 95 million people and 81.13 million as their first language. It is written in Telugu, which belongs to the Dravidian language family and is quite different from Hindi. As a result, a parliamentary session in India requires dozens of interpreters. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These factors cannot be ignored in the process of translation, from language communication to cultural understanding, from text to thought exchange, through the bridge of language to truly connect the people, so as to avoid misreading and misunderstanding caused by differences in language and national conditions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====4.2Opportunities and challenges of the &amp;quot;Belt and Road&amp;quot; ====&lt;br /&gt;
With the promotion of the Belt and Road Initiative, there has been an unprecedented boom in translation. In the previous translation boom in China, most of the foreign languages were translated into Chinese, and most of the foreign cultures were imported into China. However, this time, in the context of the &amp;quot;Belt and Road&amp;quot; initiative, translating Chinese into foreign languages has become an important task for translators. As is known to all, there are many different kinds of &amp;quot;One Belt And One Road&amp;quot; along the national language and culture is complex, the service &amp;quot;area&amp;quot; construction has become a factor in Chinese translation talents training mode reform, one of the foreign language universities have action, many colleges and universities to establish the &amp;quot;area&amp;quot; all the way along the country's small language major, as a result, &amp;quot;One Belt And One Road&amp;quot; initiative to promote, It has brought unprecedented opportunities for human translation. The cultivation of diversified translation talents and the cultivation of translation talents in small languages is an urgent problem to be solved in China. The cultivation of translation talents cannot be completed overnight, and the state needs to reform the training mode of translation talents from the perspective of language strategic development. Only in this way can we meet the new demand for human translation under the new situation of the belt and Road Initiative.&lt;br /&gt;
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For a long time, the traditional orientation of translation curriculum and training goal in colleges and universities is to train translation teachers and translators in need of society through translation theory and practice and literary translation practice, which cannot meet the needs of society. Since 2007, in order to meet the needs of the socialist market economy for application-oriented high-level professionals, the Academic Degrees Committee of The State Council approved the establishment of Master of Translation and Interpreting (MTI for short). After joining the pilot program of MTI, more and more universities are reforming the curriculum and training mode of master of Translation in order to cultivate translators who meet the needs of the society.&lt;br /&gt;
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Language is an important carrier of culture, and translation is an important link for exporting culture. The quality of translation output also reflects the cultural soft power of a country. With the rise of China, more and more people are interested in Chinese culture, and the number of Chinese learners keeps increasing. Under the background of &amp;quot;One Belt and One Road&amp;quot;, excellent translators are urgently needed to spread Chinese culture. With the promotion of &amp;quot;One Belt and One Road&amp;quot; Initiative, the number of other countries learning mutual learning and cultural exchanges with China has increased unprecedeningly, bringing vigorous opportunities for the spread of Chinese culture. Translation talents who understand small languages and multi-lingual translators are needed. They should not only use language to convey information, but also use language as a lubricant for communication.&lt;br /&gt;
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===5.在机器翻译视域下如何培养翻译人才 ===&lt;br /&gt;
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====5.1 对翻译人才的素养要求 ====&lt;br /&gt;
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====5.2 利用人工智能进行翻译实践活动====&lt;br /&gt;
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====5.3 大数据、术语库和语料库的应用====&lt;br /&gt;
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===6针对一带一路的机器翻译与翻译人才的合作===&lt;br /&gt;
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===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
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===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=8 颜静(On Machine Translation Under Lanuguage Intelligence——An Option and Opportunity for Human Translators)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_8]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
Nowadays the artificial intelligence is sweeping the world, however, the traditional language research and language service industry is facing new challenges.  This paper attempts to comb and analyze the development process of language intelligence in artificial intelligence and the development status of language industry under the background of information age to interpret the feasibility of liberal arts translators to engage in machine translation research and necessity to apply machine translation, thus to provide an option for human translators in information age to develop.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
New Libral Arts; Language Intelligence; Machine Translation; Interdisciplinarity&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
论语言智能之机器翻译——我们的选择和未来&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
当今人工智能的热潮席卷全球，而传统的语言研究和语言服务行业却面临着新的挑战。本文通过梳理分析人工智能中语言智能领域的发展历程和信息时代背景下语言行业的发展现状，对文科译者从事机器翻译研究的可行性和应用机器翻译的必要性进行阐述，为信息时代译者的发展路径提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
新文科；语言智能；机器翻译；学科交叉&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
Obviously, we are now in an era of &amp;quot;explosion&amp;quot; of information and knowledge, which makes us have to find ways to deal with it quickly. Language is the manifestation of information, and the tool that can deal with language with complicated information is just computer. It happens that human beings do not have a special organ to perceive language, but carry the image and sound symbols of language through visual and auditory perception, and then form language information through brain processing and abstraction. Therefore, language intelligence also belongs to the research category of &amp;quot;cognitive intelligence&amp;quot;. In view of this, computer has carried out the research on language, among which the common research fields are &amp;quot;natural language processing&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;language information processing&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Computational Linguistics&amp;quot;. These three are different, but they all have the same goal, that is, to enable computers to realize and express with language, solve language related problems and simulate human language ability. Among them, machine translation is the integration of language intelligence and technology. The comprehensive research of MT in China starts from the mid-1980s. Especially since the 1990s, a number of MT systems have been published and commercialized systems have been launched. In addition, various universities in China have also carried out MT and computational linguistics research, developed various translation experimental systems and achieved fruitful results. In the research of machine translation, it involves not only translation model and language model, but also alignment method, part of speech tagging, syntactic analysis method, translation evaluation and so on. Therefore, researchers must understand the basic knowledge of translation and be proficient in English, Chinese or other languages. Therefore, we say that compound talents with computer and language related knowledge will be more needed in the language industry or the computer field.&lt;br /&gt;
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===2. Chapter 1 Artificial Intelligence in Rapid Development===&lt;br /&gt;
At the Dartmouth Conference in 1956, the word &amp;quot;artificial intelligence&amp;quot; appeared in the human world for the first time. In the past 65 years, with the in-depth study of science, artificial intelligence seems to have come out of the original science fiction movies and science fictions, and is closer to human daily life step by step. Nowadays, autopilot, machine translation, chess and E-sports robots, AI synthetic anchor, AI generated portrait and so on have been realized and widely known. Artificial intelligence has also moved from logical intelligence and computational intelligence to today's cognitive intelligence. &lt;br /&gt;
====1.1 The Development of Language Intelligence====&lt;br /&gt;
According to academician Tan Tieniu, &amp;quot;Artificial intelligence is a technical science that studies and develops theories, methods, technologies and application systems that can simulate, extend and expand human intelligence. Its purpose is to enable intelligent machines to listen, see, speak, think, learn and act, that is, they have the following capabilities——speech recognition and machine translation, image and character recognition, speech synthesis and man-machine dialogue, man-machine games and theorems proving, machine learning and knowledge representation, autopilot and so on. So, from these purposes we can see that language plays a vital role in AI. In order to imitate human intelligence, an advanced form of artificial intelligence is to analyze and process human language by using computer and information technology. We call it &amp;quot;language intelligence&amp;quot;. Language intelligence is not only the core part of artificial intelligence, but also an important basis and means of human-computer interaction cognition, whose development will contribute to the whole process of AI and further to let AI technologies to practice. Therefore, it is known as the Pearl on the crown of artificial intelligence. &lt;br /&gt;
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The concept of “language intelligence” was proposed in 2013 at Beijing Academic Forum on Language Intelligence. However, as mentioned above, its research direction in the computer field has always been called natural language processing (NLP). Its history is almost as long as computer and artificial intelligence. After the emergence of computer, there has been the research of artificial intelligence. Natural language processing generally includes two parts: natural language understanding and natural language generation. The early research of artificial intelligence has involved machine translation and natural language understanding, which is basically divided into three stages.&lt;br /&gt;
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The first stage is from 1960s to 1980s. In this period, the common method is to establish vocabulary, syntactic and semantic analysis, question and answer, chat and machine translation systems based on rules. The advantage is that rules can make use of human’s own knowledge instead of relying on data, and can start quickly; The problem is on its insufficient coverage, and its rule management and scalability have not been solved. &lt;br /&gt;
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The second stage starts from 1990s. At this time, statistics-based machine learning (ML) has become popular, and many NLP began to use statistics-based methods. The main idea is to use labeled data to establish a machine learning system based on manually defined features, and to use the data to determine the parameters of the machine learning system through learning. At runtime, by using these learned parameters, the input data is decoded and output. Machine translation and search engines just make use of statistical methods and get success. &lt;br /&gt;
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The third stage is after 2008, when deep learning functions in voice and image. Subsequently, NLP researchers begin to turn to deep learning. First, they use deep learning for feature calculation or establish a new feature, and then experience the effect under the original statistical learning framework. For example, search engines add in-depth learning to calculate the similarity between search words and documents to improve the relevance of search. Since 2014, people have tried to conduct end-to-end training directly through deep learning modeling. At present, progress has been made in the fields of machine translation, question and answer, reading comprehension and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
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====1.2 The Research on Machine Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation is an important research direction in the field of natural language processing. As early as the 17th century, Descartes, a famous French philosopher, put forward the concept of world language in order to convert words that expressing the same meaning in different languages into unified symbols. In 1946, Warren Weaver put forward the idea of using machines to convert words from one language into another, and published the famous memorandum Translation, formally marking the born of the modern concept——machine translation. &lt;br /&gt;
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Until now, machine translation has experienced four stages according to its translation method: rule-based machine translation, case-based machine translation, statistics-based machine translation and neural machine translation. In the early stage of the development of machine translation, due to the limited computing power and lack of data, people usually input the rules designed by translators and Linguistics experts into the computer. The computer converts the sentences of the source language into the sentences of the target language based on these rules, which is rule-based machine translation. Rule based machine translation is usually divided into three procedures: source language sentence analysis, transformation and target language sentence generation. The source language sentence of the given input will generate a syntax tree after the lexical and syntactic analysis, and then the syntax tree is converted through the conversion rules to generate the syntax tree of the target language. Finally, the target language sentences are obtained by traversing the leaf nodes based on the target language syntax tree. &lt;br /&gt;
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Rule-based machine translation requires professionals to design rules. When there are too many rules, the dependence between rules will become very complex and it is difficult to build a large-scale translation system. With the development of science and technology, people collect some bilingual and monolingual data, and extract translation templates and translation dictionaries based on these data. In translation process, the computer matches the translation template of the input sentence and generates the translation result based on the successfully matched template fragments and the translation knowledge in the dictionary, which is case-based machine translation. &lt;br /&gt;
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With the rapid development of the Internet, it is possible to obtain large-scale bilingual and monolingual corpora. Statistical method based on large-scale corpora has become the mainstream of machine translation. Given the source language sentence, the statistical machine translation method models the conditional probability of the target language sentence, which is usually divided into language model and translation model. The translation model describes the meaning consistency between the target language sentence and the source language sentence, while the language model describes the fluency of the target language sentence. The language model uses large-scale monolingual data for training, and the translation model uses large-scale bilingual data for training. Statistical machine translation usually uses a decoding algorithm to generate translation candidates, then uses the language model and translation model to score and sort the translation candidates, and finally selects the best translation candidates as the translation output. Decoding algorithms usually include beam decoding, CKY decoding, etc. &lt;br /&gt;
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Statistical machine translation uses translation rules (usually extracted from bilingual data based on alignment results) to match the input sentences to obtain the translation candidates of fragments in the input sentences. If there are multiple translation candidates in a segment, the language model and translation model are used to sort these translation candidates, and only some candidates with the highest scores are retained. Translation candidates based on these fragments use translation rules to splice fragments and then form translation candidates of longer fragments. There are two ways of splicing translation fragments: sequential and reverse. Translation model and language model will have different weights when scoring. The weights are usually trained by a development data set. &lt;br /&gt;
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With the further improvement of computing power, especially the rapid development of parallel training based on GPU, the method based on deep neural network has attracted more and more attention in natural language processing. The method based on deep neural network was first used to train some sub models in statistical machine translation (language model based on deep neural network or translation model based on deep neural network), and significantly improved the performance of statistical machine translation. With the proposal of decoder and encoder framework and attention mechanism, neural machine translation has comprehensively surpassed statistical machine translation, and machine translation has entered the era of neural network.&lt;br /&gt;
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===3. Chapter 2 Interdisciplinarity in Irresistible Trend===&lt;br /&gt;
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====2.1 The Construction of New Liberal Arts====&lt;br /&gt;
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====2.1 The Current Status of New Liberal Arts====&lt;br /&gt;
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===4. Chapter 3 Language Service Industry with Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
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====3.1 Translation Mode of Man-machine Cooperation====&lt;br /&gt;
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====3.2 Translators with More Professional and Diversified Career Path====&lt;br /&gt;
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3.2.1 The Improvement of Tranlation Ability&lt;br /&gt;
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3.2.2 The Combination with Other Field&lt;br /&gt;
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===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
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===References===&lt;br /&gt;
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=9 谢佳芬（人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of information technology, many industries are facing the competitive pressure of artificial intelligence, and so is the field of translation. Artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and combined with the field of translation，which has brought great impact and changes to traditional translation, but artificial intelligence translation and artificial translation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Artificial translation is in the leading position in adapting to human language logical habits and understanding characteristics, but in terms of translation threshold and economic value, the efficiency of artificial intelligence translation is even better. In a word, we need to know that machine translation and human translation are complementary rather than antagonistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Artificial Translation; Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
伴随着信息技术的不断发展，多个行业面临着人工智能的竞争压力，翻译领域也是如此。人工智能技术快速发展并与翻译领域结合，人工智能翻译给传统翻译带来了巨大的冲击和变革，但人工智能翻译与人工翻译存在着各自的优劣特点和发展空间，在适应人类语言逻辑习惯和理解特点的翻译效果上，人工翻译处于领先地位，但在翻译门槛和经济价值上，人工智能翻译的效率则更胜一筹。总的来说，我们要知道机器翻译与人工翻译是互补而非对立的关系。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译;人工翻译;人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
====1.1 The History of Machine Translation Aborad====&lt;br /&gt;
The research history of machine translation can be traced back to the 1930s and 1940s. In the early 1930s, the French scientist G.B. Alchuni put forward the idea of using machines for translation. In 1933, the Soviet inventor Troyansky designed a machine to translate one language into another. [1]In 1946, the world's first modern electronic computer ENIAC was born. Soon after, American scientist Warren Weaver, a pioneer of information theory, put forward the idea of automatic language translation by computer in 1947. In 1949, Warren Weaver published a memorandum entitled Translation, which formally raised the issue of machine translation. In 1954, Georgetown University, with the cooperation of IBM, completed the English-Russian machine translation experiment with IBM-701 computer for the first time, which opened the prelude of machine translation research. [2] In 2006, Google translation was officially released as a free service software, bringing a big upsurge of statistical machine translation research. It was Franz Och who joined Google in 2004 and led Google translation. What’s more, it is precisely because of the unremitting efforts of generations of scientists that science fiction has been brought into reality step by step.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2 The History of Machine Translation in China====&lt;br /&gt;
In 1956, the research and development of machine translation has been named in the scientific and technological work and made little achievements in China. On the eve of the tenth anniversary of the National Day in 1959, our country successfully carried out experiments, which translated nine different types of complicated sentences on large general-purpose electronic computers. The dictionary includes 2030 entries, and the grammar rule system consists of 29 circuit diagrams. [3]. After a period of stagnation, China's machine translation ushered in a high-speed development stage after the 1980s in the wave of the third scientific and technological revolution. With the rapid development of economy and science and technology, China has made a qualitative leap in the field of machine translation research with the pace of reform and opening up. In 1978, Institute of Scientific and Technological Information of China, Institute of Computing Technology and Institute of Linguistics carried out an English-Chinese translation experiment with 20 Metallurgical Title examples as the objects and achieved satisfactory results. Subsequently, they developed a JYE-I machine translation system, which based on 200 sentences from metallurgical documents. Its principles and methods were also widely used in the machine translation system developed in the future. In addition, the research achievements of machine translation in China during the 1980s and 1990s also include that Institute of Post and Telecommunication Sciences developed a machine translation system, C Retrieval and automatic typesetting system with good performance and strong practicability in October 1986; In 1988, ISTC launched the ISTIC-I English-Chinese Title System for the translation of applied literature of metallurgy, Information Research Institute of Railway developed an English-Chinese Title Recording machine translation system for railway documents; the Language Institute of the Academy of Social Sciences developed &amp;quot;Tianyu&amp;quot; English-Chinese machine translation system and Matr English-Chinese machine translation system developed by the computer department of National University of Defense Technology. After many explorations and studies, machine translation in China has gradually moved towards application, popularization and commercialization. China Software Technology Corporation launched &amp;quot;Yixing I&amp;quot; in 1988, marking China's machine translation system officially going to the market. After &amp;quot;Yixing&amp;quot;, a series of machine translation systems such as Gaoli system in Beijing, Tongyi system in Tianjin and Langwei system in Shaanxi have also entered the public. In the 21st century, the development of a series of apps such as Kingsoft Powerword, Youdao translation and Baidu translation has greatly met the needs of ordinary users for translation. According to the working principle, machine translation has roughly experienced three stages: rule-based machine translation, statistics-based machine translation and deep learning based neural machine translation. [4] These three stages witnessed a leap in the quality of machine translation. Machine translation is more and more used in daily life and even the translation of some texts is almost comparable to artificial translation. In addition to text translation, voice translation, photo translation and other functions have also been listed, which provides great convenience for people's life. It is undeniable that machine translation has become the development trend of translation in the future.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.3 The Status Quo of Machine Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
In this big data era of information explosion, the prospect of machine translation is also bright. At present, the circular neural network system launched by Google has supported universal translation in more than 60 languages. Many Internet companies such as Microsoft Bing, Sogou, Tencent, Baidu and NetEase Youdao have also launched their own Internet free machine translation systems. [5] Users can obtain translation results free of charge by logging in to the corresponding websites. At present, the circular neural network translation system launched by Google can support real-time translation of more than 60 languages, and the domestic Baidu online machine translation system can also support real-time translation of 28 languages. These Internet online machine translation systems are suitable for a variety of terminal platforms such as mobile phone, PC, tablet and web and its functions are also quite diverse, supporting many translation forms, such as screen word selection, text scanning translation, photo translation, offline translation, web page translation and so on. Although its translation quality needs to be improved, it has been outstanding in the fields of daily dialogue, news translation and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
Generally speaking, machine translation has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, accurate term translation and great development potential and etc. Machine translation is fast and efficient, this is something that artificial translation can’t catch up with. In addition, with the continuous emergence of all kinds of translation software in the market, compared with artificial translation, machine translation is cheap and sometimes even free, which greatly saves the economic cost and time for users with low translation quality requirements. What's more, compared with artificial translation, machine translation has a huge corpus, which makes the translation of some terms, especially the latest scientific and technological terms, more rapid and accurate. The accurate translation of these terms requires the translator to constantly learn, but learning needs a process, which has a certain test on the translator's learning ability and learning speed. In this regard, artificial translation has uncertainty and hysteretic nature. At the same time, with the progress of science and technology and the development of society, the function of machine translation will be more perfect and the quality of translation will be better.Today's machine translation tools and software are easy to carry, all you need to do is just to use the software and electronic dictionary in the mobile phone. There is no need to carry paper dictionaries and books for translation, which saves time and space. At the same time, machine translation covers many fields and is suitable for translation practice in different situations, such as academic, education, commercial trade, social networking, tourism, production technology, etc, it is also easy to deal with various professional terms. However, due to the limitation of translators' own knowledge, artificial translation is often limited to one or a few fields or industries. For example, it is difficult for an interpreter specializing in medical English to translate legal English.&lt;br /&gt;
At the same time, machine translation also has its limitations. At first, machine can only operate word to word translation, which only plays the function and role of dictionary. Then, the application of syntax enables the process of sentence translation and it can be solved by using the direct translation method. When the original text and the target language are highly similar, it can be translated directly. For example, the original text &amp;quot;他是个老师.&amp;quot; The target language is &amp;quot;he is a teacher &amp;quot;. With the increase of the structural complexity of the original text, the effect of machine translation is greatly reduced. Therefore, at the syntactic level, machine translation still stays in sentences with relatively simple structure. Meanwhile, the original text and the results of machine translation cannot be interchanged equally, indicating that English-Chinese translation has strong randomness, and is not rigorous and scientific enough. &lt;br /&gt;
Nowadays, machine translation is highly dependent on parallel corpora, but the construction of parallel corpora is not perfect. At present, the resources of some mainstream languages such as Chinese and English are relatively rich, while the data collection of many small languages is not satisfactory. Moreover, the current corpus is mainly concentrated in the fields of government literature, science and technology, current affairs and news, while there is a serious lack of data in other fields, which can’t reflect the advantages of machine translation. At the same time, corpus construction lags behind. Some informative texts introducing the latest cutting-edge research results often spread the latest academic knowledge and use a large number of new professional terms, such as academic papers and teaching materials while the corpus often lacks the corresponding words of the target language, which makes machine translation powerless&lt;br /&gt;
Besides, machine translation is not culturally sensitive. Human may never be able to program machines to understand and experience a particular culture. Different cultures have unique and different language systems, and machines do not have complexity to understand or recognize slang, jargon, puns and idioms. Therefore, their translation may not conform to cultural values and specific norms. This is also one of the challenges that the machine needs to overcome.[6] Artificial intelligence may have human abstract thinking ability in the future, but it is difficult to have image thinking ability including imagination and emotion. [7] Therefore, machine translation is often used in news, science and technology, patents, specifications and other text fields with the purpose of fact description, knowledge and information transmission. These words rarely involve emotional and cultural background. When translating expressive texts, the limitations of machine translation are exposed. The so-called expressive text refers to the text that pays attention to emotional expression and is full of imagination. Its main characteristics are subjectivity, emotion and imagination, such as novels, poetry, prose, art and so on. This kind of text attaches importance to the emotional expression of the author or character image, and uses a lot of metaphors, symbols and other expressions. Machine translation is difficult to catch up with artificial translation in this kind of text, it can only translate the main idea, lack of connotation and literary grace and it cannot have subjective feelings and rational analysis like human beings. In fact, it is not difficult to simulate the human brain, the difficulty is that it is impossible to learn from the rich social experience and life experience of excellent translators. In other words, machine translation lacks the personalization and creativity of human translation. It is this personalization and creativity that promote the development and evolution of language, and what machine translation can only output is mechanical &amp;quot;machine language&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.The Irreplaceability of Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
====3.1 Translation is Constrained by Context====&lt;br /&gt;
At present, machine translation can help people deal with language communication in people's daily life and work, such as clothing, food, housing and transportation, but there is a big gap from the &amp;quot;faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance&amp;quot; emphasized by high-level translation. Language itself is art，which pays more attention to artistry than functionality, and the discipline of art is difficult to quantify and unify. Sometimes it is regular, rigorous, logical and clear, and sometimes it is random, free and logical. If it is translated by machine, it is difficult to grasp this degree. Sometimes, machine translation cannot connect words with contextual meaning. In many languages, the same word may have multiple completely unrelated meanings. In this case, context will have a great impact on word meaning, and the understanding of word meaning depends largely on the meaning read from context. Only human beings can combine words with context, determine their true meaning, and creatively adjust and modify the language to obtain a complete and accurate translation. This is undoubtedly very difficult for machine translation. Artificial translation can get rid of the constraints of the source language and translate the translation in line with the grammar, sentence patterns and word habits of the target language. In the process of translation, translators can use their own knowledge reserves to analyze the differences between the source language and the target language in thinking mode, cultural characteristics, social background, customs and habits, so as to translate a more accurate translation. Artificial translation can also add, delete, domesticate, modify and polish the translation according to the style, make up for the lack of culture, try to maintain the thought, artistic conception and charm of the original text and the style of the source language. In addition, translators can also judge and consider the words with multiple meanings or easy to produce ambiguity according to the context, so as to make the translation more clear and more accurate and improve the quality of the translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Discussion on the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.  Suggestions on the Combined Development of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=10 熊敏(Research on the English Chinese Translation Ability of Machine Translation for Various Types of Texts)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_10]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the rapid development of information technology,machine translation technology emerged and is gradually becoming mature.In order to explore the ability of machine translation, I adopts two versions of translation, which are manual translation and machine translation(this paper uses Youdao translation) for different types of texts(according to Peter Newmark's types of text). The results are quite different in terms of quality and accuracy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
machine translation; manual translation; Newmark's type of texts&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
Research on the English Chinese Translation Ability of Machine Translation for Various Types of Texts&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
随着信息技术的高速发展，机器翻译技术出现了，并且逐渐成熟。为了探究机器翻译的能力水平，本人根据纽马克的文本类型分类，选择了相应的译文类型，并且将其机器翻译的版本以及人工翻译的版本进行对比。就质量和准确度而言，译文的水平大相径庭。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译；人工翻译；纽马克文本类型&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
====1.1.Introduction to machine translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation, also known as computer translation is a technique to translating through machine translator, such as Google translation and Youdao translation. Machine translation is one of the branches of computational linguistics, ranging from computer science, statistics, information science and so on. Machine translation plays an important role in all aspects.&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation can be traced back to 1940s, when British engineer Booth and American engineer Weaver proposed using computer to translate and started to study machines used for translation. However in the 1960s, reports from ALPAC (Automated Language Processing Advisory Committee) showed studies on machine translation had stagnated for a decade. In the 1970s, with the advancement of computer, machine translation was back to track. In the last decades, machine translation has mainly developed into four stages: rule-based machine translation, statistic machine translation, example-based machine translation and neural machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2.Process of machine translation====&lt;br /&gt;
The process of manual translation is different from that of machine translation. Here is the process of the former. (1) Understand source language. (2) Use target language to organize language. (3) Generate translation. Unlike manual translation, machine translation tends to analyze and code source language first, then look for related codes in corpus, and work out the code that represents target language, generating translation. But they share a common feature, which is that Lexicon, grammatical rules and syntactic structure are taken into consideration. This is one of the biggest challenges for machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.Newmark’s type of texts===&lt;br /&gt;
Peter Newmark divided texts into informative type, expressive text and vocative type according to the linguistic functions of various texts. &lt;br /&gt;
====2.11Informative text====&lt;br /&gt;
The core of the informative texts is the truth. It is to convey facts, information, knowledge and the like. The language style of the text is objective and logical. Reports, papers, scientific and technological textbooks are all attributed to informative texts.&lt;br /&gt;
====2.2Expressive text====&lt;br /&gt;
The core of the expressive text is the emotion. It is to express preferences, feelings, views and so on. The language style of it is subjective. Literary works, including fictions, poems and drama, autobiography and authoritative statements belong to expressive text.&lt;br /&gt;
====2.3Vocative text====&lt;br /&gt;
The core of the vocative text is readership. It is to call upon readers to act in the way intended by the text. So it is reader-oriented. Such texts advertisement, propaganda and notices are of vocative text.&lt;br /&gt;
====2.4Study Method====&lt;br /&gt;
Manual translations of the three texts are selected from authoritative versions and universally acknowledged. And machine translations of those come from Youdao Translator. And in this thesis I will compare and evaluate the two methods in word diction, sentence structure, word order and redundancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.  ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=11 陈惠妮=(Study on Pre- editing of Machine Translation - A Case Study of Medical Abstracts)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_11]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
At present, globalization is accelerating and the market demand for language services is rapidly increasing . Machine translation, as an important translation method, can greatly improve translation efficiency due to its low cost and high speed. However, because of the limitations of machine translation and the differences between Chinese and English language, machine translation is not accurate enough. In order to balance translation efficiency and translation quality, a great number of manual revisions in translation are required for the machine translating texts. Medical papers are specialized, special and purposeful, so it requires accurate,qualified and professional translation. However, the quality of translations by machine is inefficient to meet the high-quality requirements of medical papers translation. Therefore, the introduction of pre-editing can greatly improve the efficiency and quality of machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Pre-editing, Machine translation, Medical texts&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
Study on Pre- editing of Machine Translation - A Case Study of Medical Abstracts&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
在全球化加速发展的今天，市场对语言服务的需求迅速增加。机器翻译作为一种重要的翻译途径，由于其成本低、速度快，可以大大提高翻译效率。然而，由于机器翻译的局限性以及中英文语言的差异，机器翻译的准确性不高。为了平衡翻译效率和翻译质量，机器翻译文本需要大量的手工修改。&lt;br /&gt;
医学论文具有专业性、特殊性和目的性，要求其译文准确、合格、专业。然而，机器翻译的质量较低，无法满足医学论文对翻译的高质量要求。因此，译前编辑的引入可以大大提高机器翻译的效率和质量。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
译前编辑；机器翻译；医学文本&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
Definition of Machine Translation&lt;br /&gt;
The concept of machine translation was firstly proposed in the 1930s. Since 1940s, the machine translation technology has been evolving from rule-based machine translation (RBMT) to statistical machine translation (SMT), and to neural machine translation (NMT). Machine translation refers to the automatic translation of source language into target language by using a computer system. That is, machine translation refers to the automatic translation of text from one language into another natural language by computer software or other online translation webs. On the basic level, machine translation performs mechanical substitution of words in one language for words in another language, but that rarely produces a good translation, therefore, recognition of the whole phrases and their closest counterparts in the target language is needed. Not all words in one language have equivalents in another language, and many words have more than one meaning. A huge demand for translation is greatly needed in today’s global world, which creates new opportunities for the development of machine translation, attracts more and more attention and becomes one of the current research focuses. Pre-editing means to adjust and modify the source language to make it fit more with  the characteristics of the machine translation software before putting the source language before the into machine translation, so as to improve the quality of the translation machine translation (Wei Changhong, 2008:93-94). Pre-editing is to modify the original text before putting it into machine translation software, in order to improve the recognition rate of machine translation, optimize the output quality of translated text and reduce the workload of post-editing. Because pre-translation editing only needs to be modified in one language, the operation is simpler than post-translation editing, which can realize the double improvement of quality and efficiency. A good pre-editing translation can help machine translation more smoothly, thus improving the machine readability and quality of the output translation. Pre-editing is mostly applied in the following situations: one is when the original text is of poor quality and the machine is difficult to recognize the meaning of the sentence, such as user generated content with poor readability and translatability (Gerlach et al, 2003:45-53); Documents that need to be published in multiple languages; Next is when the original text contains a lot of jargon; The last is the original text has a corresponding translation memory bank. If the original text is edited, it can better match the content of the translation memory bank.&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation Mode&lt;br /&gt;
According to the different knowledge acquisition methods, machine translation modes can be classified as follows: one is rule-based machine translation, which is based on bilingual dictionaries and a library of language rules for each language. The quality of translation depends on whether the source language conforms to the existing rules, but the inexhaustible rules are the hinders of this model. The second mode is machine translation based on statistics. This translation model relies on the principles of mathematics and statistics to find various existing translations corresponding to the translation tasks through the employment of corpus, analyzing the frequency of their occurrence and selecting the translation with the highest frequency for output. The disadvantage of this translation model is that it ignores the flexibility of language and the importance of context. The last one is neural network language model. This model is different from previous translation models in that it uses end-to-end neural network to realize automatic translation between natural languages. At present, the quality of its translation is much higher than that of the previous translation models.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=12 蔡珠凤=(The Mistranslation of C-J Machine Translation of Political Statements)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_12]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
Language is the main way of communication between people. With the continuous development of globalization, the scale of cross-border exchanges is also expanding. However, due to cultural differences and diversity, the languages of different countries and regions are very different, which seriously hinders people's communication. The demand for efficient and convenient translation tools is increasing. At the same time, with the development of network technology and artificial intelligence, recognition technology based on deep learning is more and more widely used in English, Japanese and other fields.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
machine translation; political statements; mistranslation of C-J machine translation&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
The Mistranslation of C-J Machine Translation of Political Statements&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
语言是人与人之间交流的主要方式。随着全球化的不断发展，跨境交流的规模也在不断扩大。然而，由于文化的差异和多样性，不同国家和地区的语言差异很大，这严重阻碍了人们的交流。对高效便捷的翻译工具的需求正在增加。同时，随着网络技术和人工智能的发展，基于深度学习的识别技术在英语、日语等领域的应用越来越广泛。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译；政治发言；政治发言中译日的误译&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
===Introduction to machine translation===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation, also known as automatic translation, is a process of using computers to convert one natural language (source language) into another natural language (target language). It is a branch of computational linguistics, one of the ultimate goals of artificial intelligence, and has important scientific research value.At the same time, machine translation has important practical value. With the rapid development of economic globalization and the Internet, machine translation technology plays a more and more important role in promoting political, economic and cultural exchanges.The development of machine translation technology has been closely accompanied by the development of computer technology, information theory, linguistics and other disciplines. From the early dictionary matching, to the rule translation of dictionaries combined with linguistic expert knowledge, and then to the statistical machine translation based on corpus, with the improvement of computer computing power and the explosive growth of multilingual information, machine translation technology gradually stepped out of the ivory tower and began to provide real-time and convenient translation services for general users.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== C-J machine translation software===&lt;br /&gt;
Today's online machine translation software includes Baidu translation, Tencent translation, Google translation, Youdao translation, Bing translation and so on. Google was the first company to launch the machine translation system, and Baidu was the first company to import the machine translation system in China. In addition, Tencent and Youdao have attracted much attention.Machine translation is the process of using computers to convert one natural language into another. It usually refers to sentence and full-text translation between natural languages. In order to continuously improve the translation quality, R &amp;amp; D personnel have added artificial intelligence technologies such as speech recognition, image processing and deep neural network to machine translation on the basis of traditional machine translation based on rules, statistics and examples.With the increase of using machine translation, the joint cooperation between manual translation and machine translation will also increase significantly in the future. What criteria should be used to evaluate the quality of machine translation? In the evolving field of machine translation, there is an urgent need to clarify the unsolvable questions and solved problems.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===The history of machine translation===&lt;br /&gt;
The research history of machine translation can be traced back to the 1930s and 1940s. In the early 1930s, the French scientist G.B. alchuni put forward the idea of using machines for translation. In 1933, Soviet inventor П.П. Trojansky designed a machine to translate one language into another, and registered his invention on September 5 of the same year; However, due to the low technical level in the 1930s, his translation machine was not made. In 1946, the first modern electronic computer ENIAC was born. Shortly after that, W. weaver, an American scientist and A. D. booth, a British engineer, a pioneer of information theory, put forward the idea of automatic language translation by computer in 1947 when discussing the application scope of electronic computer. In 1949, W. Weaver published the translation memorandum, which formally put forward the idea of machine translation. After 60 years of ups and downs, machine translation has experienced a tortuous and long development path. The academic community generally divides it into the following four stages:&lt;br /&gt;
Pioneering period（1947-1964）&lt;br /&gt;
In 1954, with the cooperation of IBM, Georgetown University completed the English Russian machine translation experiment with ibm-701 computer for the first time, showing the feasibility of machine translation to the public and the scientific community, thus opening the prelude to the study of machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
It is not too late for China to start this research. As early as 1956, the state included this research in the national scientific work development plan. The topic name is &amp;quot;machine translation, the construction of natural language translation rules and the mathematical theory of natural language&amp;quot;. In 1957, the Institute of language and the Institute of computing technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences cooperated in the Russian Chinese machine translation experiment, translating 9 different types of more complex sentences.&lt;br /&gt;
From the 1950s to the first half of the 1960s, machine translation research has been on the rise. The United States and the former Soviet Union, two superpowers, have provided a lot of financial support for machine translation projects for military, political and economic purposes, while European countries have also paid considerable attention to machine translation research due to geopolitical and economic needs, and machine translation has become an upsurge for a time. In this period, although machine translation is just in the pioneering stage, it has entered an optimistic period of prosperity.&lt;br /&gt;
Frustrated period（1964-1975）&lt;br /&gt;
In 1964, in order to evaluate the research progress of machine translation, the American Academy of Sciences established the automatic language processing Advisory Committee (Alpac Committee) and began a two-year comprehensive investigation, analysis and test.&lt;br /&gt;
In November 1966, the committee published a report entitled &amp;quot;language and machine&amp;quot; (Alpac report for short), which comprehensively denied the feasibility of machine translation and suggested stopping the financial support for machine translation projects. The publication of this report has dealt a blow to the booming machine translation, and the research of machine translation has fallen into a standstill. Coincidentally, during this period, China broke out the &amp;quot;ten-year Cultural Revolution&amp;quot;, and basically these studies also stagnated. Machine translation has entered a depression.&lt;br /&gt;
convalescence（1975-1989）&lt;br /&gt;
Since the 1970s, with the development of science and technology and the increasingly frequent exchange of scientific and technological information among countries, the language barriers between countries have become more serious. The traditional manual operation mode has been far from meeting the needs, and there is an urgent need for computers to engage in translation. At the same time, the development of computer science and linguistics, especially the substantial improvement of computer hardware technology and the application of artificial intelligence in natural language processing, have promoted the recovery of machine translation research from the technical level. Machine translation projects have begun to develop again, and various practical and experimental systems have been launched successively, such as weinder system Eurpotra multilingual translation system, taum-meteo system, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
However, after the end of the &amp;quot;ten-year holocaust&amp;quot;, China has perked up again, and machine translation research has been put on the agenda again. The &amp;quot;784&amp;quot; project has paid enough attention to machine translation research. After the mid-1980s, the development of machine translation research in China has further accelerated. Firstly, two English Chinese machine translation systems, ky-1 and MT / ec863, have been successfully developed, indicating that China has made great progress in machine translation technology.&lt;br /&gt;
New period(1990 present)&lt;br /&gt;
With the universal application of the Internet, the acceleration of the process of world economic integration and the increasingly frequent exchanges in the international community, the traditional way of manual operation is far from meeting the rapidly growing needs of translation. People's demand for machine translation has increased unprecedentedly, and machine translation has ushered in a new development opportunity. International conferences on machine translation research have been held frequently, and China has made unprecedented achievements. A series of machine translation software have been launched, such as &amp;quot;Yixing&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Yaxin&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Tongyi&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Huajian&amp;quot;, etc. Driven by the market demand, the commercial machine translation system has entered the practical stage, entered the market and came to the users.&lt;br /&gt;
Since the new century, with the emergence and popularization of the Internet, the amount of data has increased sharply, and statistical methods have been fully applied. Internet companies have set up machine translation research groups and developed machine translation systems based on Internet big data, so as to make machine translation really practical, such as &amp;quot;Baidu translation&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Google translation&amp;quot;, etc. In recent years, with the progress of in-depth learning, machine translation technology has further developed, which has promoted the rapid improvement of translation quality, and the translation in oral and other fields is more authentic and fluent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===The problem of machine translation at present===&lt;br /&gt;
Error is inevitable&lt;br /&gt;
Many people have misunderstandings about machine translation. They think that machine translation has great deviation and can't help people solve any problems. In fact, the error is inevitable. The reason is that machine translation uses linguistic principles. The machine automatically recognizes grammar, calls the stored thesaurus and automatically performs corresponding translation. However, errors are inevitable due to changes or irregularities in grammar, morphology and syntax, such as sentences with adverbials after &amp;quot;give me a reason to kill you first&amp;quot; in Dahua journey to the West. After all, a machine is a machine. No one has special feelings for language. How can it feel the lasting charm of &amp;quot;the tenderness of lowering its head, like the shame of a water lotus? After all, the meaning of Chinese is very different due to the changes of morphology, grammar and syntax and the change of context. Even many Chinese people are zhanger monks - they can't touch their heads, let alone machines.&lt;br /&gt;
Bottleneck&lt;br /&gt;
In fact, no matter which method, the biggest factor affecting the development of machine translation lies in the quality of translation. Judging from the achievements, the quality of machine translation is still far from the ultimate goal.&lt;br /&gt;
Chinese mathematician and linguist Zhou Haizhong once pointed out in his paper &amp;quot;fifty years of machine translation&amp;quot;: to improve the quality of machine translation, the first thing to solve is the problem of language itself rather than programming; It is certainly impossible to improve the quality of machine translation by relying on several programs alone. At the same time, he also pointed out that it is impossible for machine translation to achieve the degree of &amp;quot;faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance&amp;quot; when human beings have not yet understood how the brain performs fuzzy recognition and logical judgment of language. This view may reveal the bottleneck restricting the quality of translation. &lt;br /&gt;
It is worth mentioning that American inventor and futurist ray cozwell predicted in an interview with Huffington Post that the quality of machine translation will reach the level of human translation by 2029. There are still many disputes about this thesis in the academic circles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.Mistranslation of Chinese Japanese machine translation===&lt;br /&gt;
===2.1Vocabulary mistranslation in Chinese Japanese machine translation===&lt;br /&gt;
===2.1.1Mistranslation of proper nouns===&lt;br /&gt;
===2.1.2Mistranslation of Polysemy===&lt;br /&gt;
===2.1.3Mistranslation of compound words===&lt;br /&gt;
===2.2 Syntactic mistranslation in Chinese Japanese machine translation===&lt;br /&gt;
===2.2.1Main dynamic Mistranslation===&lt;br /&gt;
===2.2.2Dynamic Mistranslation===&lt;br /&gt;
===2.2.3Mistranslation of tenses===&lt;br /&gt;
===2.2.4Mistranslation of honorifics===&lt;br /&gt;
===3.===&lt;br /&gt;
===4.===&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=13 陈湘琼Chen Xiangqiong（Study on Post-editing from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory ）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_13]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of technology，machine translation methods are changing. From rule-based methods to corpus-based methods，and then to neural network translation，every time machine translation become more precise, which means it is not impossible the complete  replacement of human translation by machine translation. But machine translation still faces many problems until today such as : fail to translate special terms, incapable to set the right sentence order, unable to understand content and culture background etc. All of these need to be checked out and modified by human translator, so it can be predict that the model ''Human + Machine''  will last for a long period. This article will discuss mistakes made in machine translation and describe what translators should do in post-editing based on the skopos theory and functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
machine translation，post-editing，skopos theory，functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
基于功能对等视角探讨译后编辑问题与对策&lt;br /&gt;
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===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
随着科技的不断发展，机器翻译方法也在不断变革，从基于规则的机器翻译，到基于统计的机器翻译，再到今天基于人工神经网络的机器翻译，每一次变化都让机器翻译变得更精确，更高质。这意味着在不远的将来，机器翻译完全代替人工翻译成为一种可能。但是直至今天，机器翻译仍然面临许多的问题如：无法准确翻译术语、无法正确排列句子语序、无法分辨语境等，这些问题依然需要人工检查和修改。机器翻译自有其优点，人工翻译也有无可替代之处，所以在很长一段时间内，翻译都应该是机器+人工的运作方式。本文将基于翻译目的论和功能对等理论，对机器翻译可能出现的错误之处进行探讨，并且旨在描述译者在进行译后编辑时需要注重的方面，为广大译员提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
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===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译，译后编辑，翻译目的论，功能对等&lt;br /&gt;
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===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
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===2. Functional Equivalence and Skopos Theory===&lt;br /&gt;
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Functional equivalence theory is the core of Eugene Nida’s translation theory, who is a famous translator and researcher in America. It aims to set a general standard for evaluating the quality of translation. In his theory Nida points out that “translation is to convey the information from source language to target language with the most proper and natural language.”(Guo Jianzhong, 2000:65) He holds that translator should not only achieve the information equivalence in lexical sense but also take into account the cultural background of the target language and achieve the equivalence in semantics, style and literature form. So the dynamic equivalence contains four aspects: 1. lexical equivalence；2.syntactic equivalence；3.textual equivalence；4.stylistic equivalence, which basically construct and guide the idea of this article.&lt;br /&gt;
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In 1978, Hans Vermeer put forward skopos theory in his book Framework for a General Translation Theory. In this theory, he believes that translation is a human activity which means it has special purpose in itself like other human activities.(Nord, 2001:12) Also, there are some rules that the translator should follow in the progress of translation: 1.purpose principle; 2.intra-textual coherence; 3.fidelity rule, which exactly shows its correlation with machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
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According to these two theories, we can start now to explore some principles and standard that translator ought to obey in post-editing. Firstly, efficiency and accuracy are really important because the translator’s purpose is obviously raising money in comparatively short time. If they fail to provide translation with high quality or if they unable to finish the job before deadline, the consequence will be relatively bad. Secondly, translators need to achieve equivalence in lexical level, syntactic level, textual level and stylistic level in post-editing for the reason that machine translation can be always misunderstood when they are dealing with words and sentences with special background knowledge. Thirdly, it is almost impossible for machine translation to achieve communicative goal and fulfil cultural exchange that human brain is indispensable to jump over the gap. And more details will be discussed later on.&lt;br /&gt;
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===3. Machine Translation Versus Human Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
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The dream that natural language can be translated by machine come true in the late twentieth. Though not completely perfect, machine translation still fulfil the requirement of translation in technical manuals, scientific documents, commercial prospectuses, administrative memoranda and medical reports.(W.John Hutchins, 1995:431) &lt;br /&gt;
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Researchers divide traditional machine translation method into three categories:Rule-Based, Corpus-Based and Hybrid methods, and all of them have their own merits and demerits. The first one builds the translation knowledge base on dictionaries and grammar rules, but it is not so practical for languages without much correlation and highly rely on human experience. The second one builds the translation knowledge by making full use of the corpus, which is still the mainstream of today’s machine translation. The last one mix both of rule and corpus and successfully raise the efficiency of translation, but it is tough to be managed because of complex system and weak extend ability. (Hou Qiang, 2019:30)&lt;br /&gt;
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According to Martin Woesle, the advantages and disadvantages of machine translation can be obvious. For advantages, machine translation has its speed and availability, low costs, efficiency and welcome of cooperation. However, it can not satisfy some special situation such as: noisy background, ill connectivity, short of electricity, corpus limitation and cultural sensitivity. (Martin Woesle, 2021:203)&lt;br /&gt;
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===4. Post-editing ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===5. Post-editing On Words===&lt;br /&gt;
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===6. Post-editing On Sentences===&lt;br /&gt;
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===7. Post-editing On Style and Culture Background===&lt;br /&gt;
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===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
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===References===&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211124_homework&amp;diff=127737</id>
		<title>20211124 homework</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211124_homework&amp;diff=127737"/>
		<updated>2021-11-21T01:21:19Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532 */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;Quicklinks: [[Introduction_to_Translation_Studies_2021|Back to course homepage]] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal#Frequently_asked_questions_FAQ FAQ]  [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal Manual] [[20210926_homework|Back to all homework webpages overview]] [[20220112_final_exam|final exam page]]&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈静 Chén Jìng 国别 女 202020080595==&lt;br /&gt;
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我很纳闷：《不自弃文》是篇名，《姬子》是书名，应该同等对待，要么都予注释，要么都不注释，为什么一注一不注呢？难道前者生僻而需要注释，后者人所共知而不必注释吗？显然不是，只能说是避难就易，这与注释的宗旨完全背道而驰。&lt;br /&gt;
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==蔡珠凤 Cài Zhūfèng 法语语言文学 女 202120081477==&lt;br /&gt;
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那怕注为“《姬子》不详”，也还不失为态度诚实。老实说，起初我对《姬子》也一头雾水，因为见所未见，闻所未闻。但根据我自定的注释原则，我不能回避。&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈惠妮 Chén Huìnī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081479==&lt;br /&gt;
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于是我首先求助于《中国古典数字工程》，肯定了中国根本不存在《姬子》这么一本书，完全是曹雪芹所杜撰，正如《古今人物通考》、《中国历代文选》都是曹雪芹杜撰一样。其次，我记得俞平伯先生有一篇专门解释《姬子》的文章，但文章的题目、发表时间以及文章内容却不记得了。经过两天的翻箱倒柜，我终于找到了这篇文章，它的题目是《读〈红楼梦〉随笔》第九节《姬子》，初载于《文汇报》1954年1月25日；又收入《红楼梦研究参考资料选辑》第二辑，人民文学出版社1973年11月出版。&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈湘琼 Chén Xiāngqióng 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081480==&lt;br /&gt;
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据俞先生在文章中说：姬子书到底是部什么书呢，谁也说不上来。特别前些日子把这一回书选为高中国文的教材，教员讲解时碰到问题，每来信相询，我亦不能对。但经过研究，他还是写了这篇文章，作为回答。&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈心怡 Chén Xīnyí 翻译学 女 202120081481==&lt;br /&gt;
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他的结论有三点：其一，《姬子》是“作者杜撰”，并以第三回的《古今人物通考》也是杜撰而作为佐证。其二，“这原来是一个笑话”，是探春“拿姬子来抵制”宝钗用以压人的朱子和孔子，而“比朱子孔子再大，只好是姬子了。殆以周公姓姬，作为顽笑”。&lt;br /&gt;
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==程杨 Chéng Yáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081482==&lt;br /&gt;
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其三，“有人或者要问为什么净瞎捣乱，造书名？我回答：这是小说。”《中国古典数字工程》可以证明俞先生的“杜撰说”是正确的，因此我把俞先生的意见用以注释《姬子》。&lt;br /&gt;
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==丁旋 Dīng Xuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081483==&lt;br /&gt;
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据我所知，现在有人搜集了周公的几篇佚文，将其编为集子，按照《老子》、《庄子》、《孟子》之类的惯例，即命名为《姬子》，但这与曹雪芹毫不相干，《红楼梦》中的《姬子》书名绝对是杜撰。此外，有的注本虽然对《不自弃文》作了注释，却只是简述该文的大意，而没有注出曹雪芹的深刻用意。原来朱熹的徒子徒孙认为此文格调低下，有失朱夫子的身份，故将此文排除在众多朱熹文集之外，只有明·朱培编《文公大全集补遗》卷八从抄本《朱熹家谱》中引录，另有《朱子文集大全类编·卷二一·庭训》亦予收录。&lt;br /&gt;
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==杜莉娜 Dù Lìnuó 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081484==&lt;br /&gt;
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曹雪芹借宝钗之口说出这篇少见的文章，一则以显示宝钗无书不读，再者也暗示自己博览群籍，同时也对那些自封的朱熹卫士予以调侃。可见曹雪芹即使开玩笑，也非闲笔，总有一定的用意。（详见注释）鉴于所要注释的词语性质不同，因此对注文的要求也有所不同。&lt;br /&gt;
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==付红岩 Fù Hóngyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081485==&lt;br /&gt;
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其一，对于一般的疑难词语，重在疏通文意，多不引经据典，追根溯源。其二，对于成语、典故，则既要注明其出典，又要解释其本义，还要说明其引申义或比喻义。其三，对于各种名物（如建筑、服饰、官署、官职、琴棋书画、医卜星相等），则力求变专门术语为通俗语言，以利读者理解。&lt;br /&gt;
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==付诗雨 Fù Shīyǔ 日语语言文学 女 202120081486==&lt;br /&gt;
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其四，对于历史名人，则注明其所在朝代、简历及突出事迹。对于传说人物，则注明其出处及相关故事。其五，对于珍禽异兽、奇花异卉等，则注明其出处来历、奇异之处及相关故事。&lt;br /&gt;
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==高蜜 Gāo Mì 翻译学 女 202120081487==&lt;br /&gt;
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其六，对于风俗、礼仪、节气等，则注明其形成沿革、具体内容。其七，对于谜语，则既要揭出谜底，又要解释谜语中的疑难词语、成语典故，还要说明谜底的根据。对于酒令，则要参照令谱，详述酒令的玩法及过程。&lt;br /&gt;
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==宫博雅 Gōng Bóyǎ 俄语语言文学 女 202120081488==&lt;br /&gt;
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其八，对于所引前人诗、词、曲、文等，皆要注明出处；诗、词、曲照录全文，文则节录相关的文字。其九，对于具有隐寓或暗示意味的诗、词、曲、文、成语、典故、谜语、酒令等，因其关系到故事情节的发展和人物性格、运命的描写，故除了作注释之外，还要揭示其隐藏的含义。总而言之，注文以释难为易、释疑为明为宗旨，以释义准确、释文简炼为目标。&lt;br /&gt;
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==何芩 Hé Qín 翻译学 女 202120081489==&lt;br /&gt;
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愿望虽然如此，但学力有限，经验欠缺，愿望能否实现，毫无把握。诚望方家指教，读者检验。&lt;br /&gt;
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第一回 甄士隐梦幻识通灵 贾雨村风尘怀闺秀&lt;br /&gt;
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==胡舒情 Hú Shūqíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081490==&lt;br /&gt;
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此开卷第一回也。作者自云：曾历过一番梦幻之后，故将真事隐去，而借“通灵”之说，撰此《石头记》一书也，故曰“甄士隐”云云。但书中所记何事何人&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄锦云 Huáng Jǐnyún 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081491==&lt;br /&gt;
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自己又云：“今风尘碌碌，一事无成。忽念及当日所有之女子，一一细考较去，觉其行止见识，皆出我之上；我堂堂须眉，诚不若彼裙钗：我实愧则有馀，悔又无益，大无可如何之日也。当此日，欲将已往所赖天恩祖德，锦衣纨袴之时，饫甘餍肥之日，背父兄教育之恩，负师友规训之德，以致今日一技无成、半生潦倒之罪，编述一集，以告天下：知我之负罪固多，然闺阁中历历有人，万不可因我之不肖，自护己短，一并使其泯灭也。&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄逸妍 Huáng Yìyán 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081492==&lt;br /&gt;
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所以蓬牖茅椽，绳床瓦灶，并不足妨我襟怀；况那晨风夕月，阶柳庭花，更觉得润人笔墨。我虽不学无文，又何妨用假语村言敷演出来，亦可使闺阁昭传，复可破一时之闷，醒同人之目，不亦宜乎？”故曰“贾雨村”云云。&lt;br /&gt;
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==曾俊霖 Zēng Jùnlín 国别 男 202120081493==&lt;br /&gt;
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更于篇中间用“梦”、“幻”等字，却是此书本旨，兼寓提醒阅者之意。看官：你道此书从何而起？说来虽近荒唐，细玩颇有趣味。&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄柱梁 Huáng Zhùliáng 国别 男 202120081493==&lt;br /&gt;
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却说那女娲氏炼石补天之时，于大荒山无稽崖，炼成高十二丈、见方二十四丈大的顽石三万六千五百零一块，那娲皇只用了三万六千五百块，单单剩下一块未用，弃在青埂峰下。谁知此石自经锻炼之后，灵性已通，自去自来，可大可小。因见众石俱得补天，独自己无才，不得入选，遂自怨自愧，日夜悲哀。一日，正当嗟悼之际，俄见一僧一道远远而来，生得骨格不凡，丰神迥异，来到这青埂峰下，席地坐谈。&lt;br /&gt;
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==金晓童 Jīn Xiǎotóng  202120081494==&lt;br /&gt;
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见着这块鲜莹明洁的石头，且又缩成扇坠一般，甚属可爱。那僧托于掌上，笑道：“形体倒也是个灵物了，只是没有实在的好处。须得再镌上几个字，使人人见了，便知你是件奇物。&lt;br /&gt;
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It was lovely to see this bright and clean stone shrinking like a fan. Resting on his palm, the monk smiled and said, &amp;quot;The body is a spiritual being, but it has no real benefit. Words had to be engraved so that everyone could see you and know that you were a wonder.--[[User:Jin Xiaotong|Jin Xiaotong]] ([[User talk:Jin Xiaotong|talk]]) 15:01, 20 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邝艳丽 Kuàng Yànl 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081495==&lt;br /&gt;
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然后携你到那昌明隆盛之邦、诗礼簪缨之族、花柳繁华地、温柔富贵乡那里去走一遭。”石头听了大喜，因问：“不知可镌何字？携到何方？望乞明示。”那僧笑道：“你且莫问，日后自然明白。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==李爱璇 Lǐ Àixuán 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081496==&lt;br /&gt;
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说毕，便袖了，同那道人飘然而去，竟不知投向何方。又不知过了几世几劫，因有个空空道人访道求仙，从这大荒山无稽崖青埂峰下经过，忽见一块大石，上面字迹分明，编述历历。空空道人乃从头一看，原来是无才补天，幻形入世，被那茫茫大士、渺渺真人携入红尘、引登彼岸的一块顽石：上面叙着堕落之乡、投胎之处，以及家庭琐事、闺阁闲情、诗词谜语，倒还全备。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李瑞洋 Lǐ Ruìyáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081497==&lt;br /&gt;
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只是朝代年纪，失落无考。后面又有一偈云：无才可去补苍天，枉入红尘若许年。此系身前身后事，倩谁记去作奇传？&lt;br /&gt;
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==李姗 Lǐ Shān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081498==&lt;br /&gt;
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空空道人看了一回，晓得这石头有些来历，遂向石头说道：“石兄，你这一段故事，据你自己说来，有些趣味，故镌写在此，意欲闻世传奇。据我看来：第一件，无朝代年纪可考；第二件，并无大贤大忠理朝廷、治风俗的善政，其中只不过几个异样女子，或情或痴，或小才微善。我纵然抄去，也算不得一种奇书。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==李双 Lǐ Shuāng 翻译学 女 202120081499==&lt;br /&gt;
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石头果然答道：“我师何必太痴？我想历来野史的朝代，无非假借汉、唐的名色；莫如我这石头所记，不借此套，只按自己的事体情理，反倒新鲜别致。况且那野史中，或讪谤君相，或贬人妻女，奸淫凶恶，不可胜数；更有一种风月笔墨，其淫秽污臭，最易坏人子弟。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李文璇 Lǐ Wénxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081500==&lt;br /&gt;
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至于才子佳人等书，则又开口文君，满篇子建，千部一腔，千人一面，且终不能不涉淫滥。在作者不过要写出自己的两首情诗艳赋来，故假捏出男女二人名姓；又必旁添一小人拨乱其间，如戏中小丑一般。更可厌者，之乎者也，非理即文，大不近情，自相矛盾。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李雯 Lǐ Wén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081501==&lt;br /&gt;
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竟不如我这半世亲见亲闻的几个女子，虽不敢说强似前代书中所有之人，但观其事迹原委，亦可消愁破闷；至于几首歪诗，也可以喷饭供酒。其间离合悲欢，兴衰际遇，俱是按迹循踪，不敢稍加穿凿，至失其真。只愿世人当那醉馀睡醒之时，或避事消愁之际，把此一玩，不但是洗旧翻新，却也省了些寿命筋力，不更去谋虚逐妄了。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李新星 Lǐ Xīnxīng 亚非语言文学 女 202120081503==&lt;br /&gt;
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我师意为如何？”空空道人听如此说，思忖半晌，将这《石头记》再检阅一遍。因见上面大旨不过谈情，亦只是实录其事，绝无伤时诲淫之病，方从头至尾抄写回来，闻世传奇。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李怡 Lǐ Yí 法语语言文学 女 202120081504==&lt;br /&gt;
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从此空空道人因空见色，由色生情，传情入色，自色悟空，遂改名情僧，改《石头记》为《情僧录》。东鲁孔梅溪题曰《风月宝鉴》。后因曹雪芹于悼红轩中披阅十载，增删五次，纂成目录，分出章回，又题曰《金陵十二钗》，并题一绝。&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘沛婷 Liú Pèitíng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081505==&lt;br /&gt;
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即此便是《石头记》的缘起。诗云：满纸荒唐言，一把辛酸泪。都云作者痴，谁解其中味?&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘胜楠 Liú Shèngnán 翻译学 女 202120081506==&lt;br /&gt;
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《石头记》缘起既明，正不知那石头上面记着何人何事？看官请听。按那石上书云：当日地陷东南，这东南有个姑苏城，城中阊门最是红尘中一二等富贵风流之地。&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘薇 Liú Wēi 国别 女 202120081507==&lt;br /&gt;
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这阊门外有个十里街，街内有个仁清巷，巷内有个古庙，因地方狭窄，人皆呼作“葫芦庙”。庙旁住着一家乡宦，姓甄名费，字士隐；嫡妻封氏，性情贤淑，深明礼义。家中虽不甚富贵，然本地也推他为望族了。&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘晓 Liú Xiǎo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081508==&lt;br /&gt;
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因这甄士隐禀性恬淡，不以功名为念，每日只以观花种竹、酌酒吟诗为乐，倒是神仙一流人物。只是一件不足：年过半百，膝下无儿；只有一女，乳名英莲，年方三岁。一日炎夏永昼，士隐于书房闲坐，手倦抛书，伏几盹睡，不觉矇眬中走至一处，不辨是何地方。&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘越 Liú Yuè 亚非语言文学 女 202120081509==&lt;br /&gt;
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忽见那厢来了一僧一道，且行且谈。只听道人问道：“你携了此物，意欲何往？”那僧笑道：“你放心。如今现有一段风流公案，正该了结，这一干风流冤家，尚未投胎人世。&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘运心 Liú Yùnxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081510==&lt;br /&gt;
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趁此机会，就将此物夹带于中，使他去经历经历。”那道人道：“原来近日风流冤家又将造劫历世，但不知起于何处，落于何方？”那僧道：“此事说来好笑。&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗安怡 Luó Ānyí 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081511==&lt;br /&gt;
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只因当年这个石头，娲皇未用，自己却也落得逍遥自在，各处去游玩。一日来到警幻仙子处，那仙子知他有些来历，因留他在赤霞宫中，名他为赤霞宫神瑛侍者。他却常在西方灵河岸上行走，看见那灵河岸上三生石畔有棵绛珠仙草，十分娇娜可爱，遂日以甘露灌溉，这绛珠草始得久延岁月。&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗曦 Luó Xī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081512==&lt;br /&gt;
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后来既受天地精华，复得甘露滋养，遂脱了草木之胎，幻化人形，仅仅修成女体，终日游于离恨天外，饥餐秘情果，渴饮灌愁水。只因尚未酬报灌溉之德，故甚至五内郁结着一段缠绵不尽之意。常说：‘自己受了他雨露之惠，我并无此水可还。&lt;br /&gt;
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==马新 Mǎ Xīn 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081513==&lt;br /&gt;
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他若下世为人，我也同去走一遭，但把我一生所有的眼泪还他，也还得过了。’因此一事，就勾出多少风流冤家都要下凡，造历幻缘，那绛珠仙草也在其中。今日这石正该下世，我来特地将他仍带到警幻仙子案前，给他挂了号，同这些情鬼下凡，一了此案。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛雅文 Máo Yǎwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081514==&lt;br /&gt;
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那道人道：“果是好笑，从来不闻有‘还泪’之说。趁此，你我何不也下世度脱几个，岂不是一场功德？”那僧道：“正合吾意。你且同我到警幻仙子宫中，将这蠢物交割清楚，待这一干风流孽鬼下世，你我再去。如今有一半落尘，然犹未全集。”&lt;br /&gt;
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The Taoist priest says:&amp;quot;It's really ridiculous. I have never heard of the saying of 'returning tears'. We can also take this opportunity to release several souls from purgatory (help several souls of the decease get rid of worldly sufferings). Isn't it a merit?&amp;quot; The monk replies:&amp;quot;It's exactly what I am hoping for. You and me are going to the palace of the fairy maiden Jing Huan, and to deliver such a jade and figure it out. When these dissolute and sinful evils all pass away, we will go to the afterlife. Half of them have fallen into the earthly world, but they have not yet gathered completely.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛优 Máo Yōu 俄语语言文学 女 202120081515==&lt;br /&gt;
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道人道：“既如此，便随你去来。”却说甄士隐俱听得明白，遂不禁上前施礼，笑问道：“二位仙师请了。”那僧、道也忙答礼相问。&lt;br /&gt;
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==牟一心 Móu Yīxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081516==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐因说道：“适闻仙师所谈因果，实人世罕闻者。但弟子愚拙，不能洞悉明白。若蒙大开痴顽，备细一闻，弟子洗耳谛听，稍能警省，亦可免沉沦之苦了。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==彭瑞雪 Péng Ruìxuě 法语语言文学 女 202120081517==&lt;br /&gt;
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二仙笑道：“此乃玄机，不可预泄。到那时只不要忘了我二人，便可跳出火坑矣。”士隐听了，不便再问，因笑道：“玄机固不可泄露，但适云‘蠢物’，不知为何？或可得见否？”那僧说：“若问此物，倒有一面之缘。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==秦建安 Qín Jiànān 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081518==&lt;br /&gt;
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说着取出，递与士隐。士隐接了看时，原来是块鲜明美玉，上面字迹分明，镌着“通灵宝玉”四字，后面还有几行小字。正欲细看时，那僧便说已到幻境，就强从手中夺了去。&lt;br /&gt;
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==邱婷婷 Qiū Tíngtíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081519==&lt;br /&gt;
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和那道人竟过了一座大石牌坊，上面大书四字，乃是“太虚幻境”。两边又有一副对联道：假作真时真亦假，无为有处有还无。士隐意欲也跟着过去，方举步时，忽听一声霹雳，若山崩地陷。&lt;br /&gt;
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==饶金盈 Ráo Jīnyíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081520==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐大叫一声，定睛看时，只见烈日炎炎，芭蕉冉冉，梦中之事便忘了一半。又见奶母抱了英莲走来。士隐见女儿越发生得粉装玉琢，乖觉可喜，便伸手接来，抱在怀中，斗他玩耍一会。&lt;br /&gt;
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==石丽青 Shí Lìqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081521==&lt;br /&gt;
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又带至街前，看那过会的热闹。方欲进来时，只见从那边来了一僧一道：那僧癞头跣足，那道跛足蓬头，疯疯癫癫，挥霍谈笑而至。及到了他门前，看见士隐抱着英莲，那僧便大哭起来，又向士隐道：“施主，你把这有命无运、累及爹娘之物抱在怀内作甚？”&lt;br /&gt;
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==孙雅诗 Sūn Yǎshī 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081522==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐听了，知是疯话，也不睬他。那僧还说：“舍我罢，舍我罢。”士隐不耐烦，便抱着女儿转身。&lt;br /&gt;
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==王李菲 Wáng Lǐfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081523==&lt;br /&gt;
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才要进去，那僧乃指着他大笑，口内念了四句言词，道是：惯养娇生笑你痴，菱花空对雪澌澌。好防佳节元宵后，便是烟消火灭时。&lt;br /&gt;
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==王逸凡 Wáng Yìfán 亚非语言文学 女 202120081524==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐听得明白，心下犹豫，意欲问他来历，只听道人说道：“你我不必同行，就此分手，各干营生去罢。三劫后，我在北邙山等你，会齐了，同往太虚幻境销号。”那僧道：“最妙，最妙。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==王镇隆 Wáng Zhènlóng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 男 202120081525==&lt;br /&gt;
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说毕，二人一去，再不见个踪影了。士隐心中此时自忖：“这两个人必有来历，很该问他一问，如今后悔却已晚了。”这士隐正在痴想，忽见隔壁葫芦庙内寄居的一个穷儒，姓贾名化、表字时飞、别号雨村的走来。&lt;br /&gt;
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==卫怡雯 Wèi Yíwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081526==&lt;br /&gt;
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这贾雨村原系湖州人氏，也是诗书仕宦之族。因他生于末世，父母祖宗根基已尽，人口衰丧，只剩得他一身一口。在家乡无益，因进京求取功名，再整基业。&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏楚璇 Wèi Chǔxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081527==&lt;br /&gt;
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自前岁来此，又淹蹇住了，暂寄庙中安身，每日卖文作字为生，故士隐常与他交接。当下雨村见了士隐，忙施礼陪笑道：“老先生倚门伫望，敢街市上有甚新闻么？”士隐笑道：“非也。适因小女啼哭，引他出来作耍。正是无聊的很，贾兄来得正好，请入小斋，彼此俱可消此永昼。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏兆妍 Wèi Zhàoyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081528==&lt;br /&gt;
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说着，便令人送女儿进去。自携了雨村来至书房中，小童献茶。方谈得三五句话，忽家人飞报：“严老爷来拜。”&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴婧悦 Wú Jìngyuè 俄语语言文学 女 202120081529==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐慌忙起身谢道：“恕诓驾之罪。且请略坐，弟即来奉陪。”雨村起身也让道：“老先生请便。晚生乃常造之客，稍候何妨！”说着，士隐已出前厅去了。&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴映红 Wú Yìnghóng 日语语言文学 女 202120081530==&lt;br /&gt;
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这里雨村且翻弄诗籍解闷，忽听得窗外有女子嗽声。雨村遂起身往外一看，原来是一个丫鬟在那里掐花儿：生的仪容不俗，眉目清秀，虽无十分姿色，却也有动人之处。雨村不觉看得呆了。那甄家丫鬟掐了花儿，方欲走时，猛抬头见窗内有人：敝巾旧服，虽是贫窘，然生得腰圆背厚，面阔口方，更兼剑眉星眼，直鼻方腮。&lt;br /&gt;
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==肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531==&lt;br /&gt;
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这丫鬟忙转身回避，心下自想：“这人生的这样雄壮，却又这样褴褛。我家并无这样贫窘亲友，想他定是主人常说的什么贾雨村了。怪道又说他必非久困之人，每每有意帮助周济他，只是没什么机会。”如此一想，不免又回头一两次。雨村见他回头，便以为这女子心中有意于他，遂狂喜不禁，自谓此女子必是个巨眼英豪，风尘中之知己。&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532==&lt;br /&gt;
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一时小童进来，雨村打听得前面留饭，不可久待，遂从夹道中，自便门出去了。士隐待客既散，知雨村已去，便也不去再邀。一日，到了中秋佳节。&lt;br /&gt;
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When a child came in, yucun heard that the host entertained the guests meal. Therefore, he knew that he couldn't stay long, so he went out through the lane and went out by himself. Later, Shiyin had already served guests, knowing that yucun had gone, so he didn't invite again. One day, it was the Mid Autumn Festival.&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢庆琳 Xiè Qìnglín 俄语语言文学 女 202120081533==&lt;br /&gt;
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士隐家宴已毕，又另具一席于书房，自己步至庙中来邀雨村。原来雨村自那日见了甄家丫鬟曾回顾他两次，自谓是个知己，便时刻放在心上。今又正值中秋，不免对月有怀，因而口占五言一律云：&lt;br /&gt;
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==熊敏 Xióng Mǐn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081534==&lt;br /&gt;
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未卜三生愿，频添一段愁。闷来时敛额，行去几回头。自顾风前影，谁堪月下俦？蟾光如有意，先上玉人楼。&lt;br /&gt;
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==徐敏赟 Xú Mǐnyūn 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 男 202120081535==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村吟罢，因又思及平生抱负，苦未逢时，乃又搔首对天长叹，复高吟一联云：玉在椟中求善价，钗于奁内待时飞。恰值士隐走来听见，笑道：“雨村兄真抱负不凡也！”&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜静 Yán Jìng 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 女 202120081536==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村忙笑道：“不敢。不过偶吟前人之句，何期过誉如此！”因问：“老先生何兴至此？”士隐笑道：“今夜中秋，俗谓团圆之节。想尊兄旅寄僧房，不无寂寥之感。故特具小酌，邀兄到敝斋一饮。不知可纳芹意否？”&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜莉莉 Yán Lìlì 国别 女 202120081537==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村听了，并不推辞，便笑道：“既蒙谬爱，何敢拂此盛情！”说着，便同士隐复过这边书院中来了。须臾茶毕，早已设下杯盘，那美酒佳肴，自不必说。&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜子涵 Yán Zǐhán 国别 女 202120081538==&lt;br /&gt;
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二人归坐，先是款酌慢饮；渐次谈至兴浓，不觉飞觥献斝起来。当时街坊上家家箫管，户户笙歌；当头一轮明月，飞彩凝辉。二人愈添豪兴，酒到杯干。&lt;br /&gt;
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==阳佳颖 Yáng Jiāyǐng 国别 女 202120081540==&lt;br /&gt;
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雨村此时已有七八分酒意，狂兴不禁，乃对月寓怀，口占一绝云：时逢三五便团圆，满把清光护玉栏。天上一轮才捧出，人间万姓仰头看。士隐听了，大叫：“妙极！弟每谓兄必非久居人下者，今所吟之句，飞腾之兆已现，不日可接履于云霄之上了。可贺，可贺！”&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨爱江 Yáng Àijiāng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081541==&lt;br /&gt;
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乃亲斟一斗为贺。雨村饮干，忽叹道：“非晚生酒后狂言，若论时尚之学，晚生也或可去充数挂名。只是如今行李路费，一概无措，神京路远，非赖卖字撰文，即能到得。”士隐不待说完，便道：“兄何不早言？弟已久有此意，但每遇兄时，并未谈及，故未敢唐突。今既如此，弟虽不才，‘义利’二字，却还识得。且喜明岁正当大比，兄宜作速入都，春闱一捷，方不负兄之所学。其盘费馀事，弟自代为处置，亦不枉兄之谬识矣。”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==杨堃 Yáng Kūn 法语语言文学 女 202120081542==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
当下即命小童进去，速封五十两白银并两套冬衣。又云：“十九日乃黄道之期，兄可即买舟西上。待雄飞高举，明冬再晤，岂非大快之事！”雨村收了银、衣，不过略谢一语，并不介意，仍是吃酒谈笑。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==杨柳青 Yáng Liǔqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081543==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
那天已交三鼓，二人方散。士隐送雨村去后，回房一觉，直至红日三竿方醒。因思昨夜之事，意欲写荐书两封与雨村，带至都中去，使雨村投谒个仕宦之家，为寄身之地。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==叶维杰 Yè Wéijié 国别 男 202120081544==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
因使人过去请时，那家人回来说：“和尚说：贾爷今日五鼓已进京去了，也曾留下话与和尚转达老爷，说：‘读书人不在黄道黑道，总以事理为要，不及面辞了。’”士隐听了，也只得罢了。真是闲处光阴易过，倏忽又是元宵佳节。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==易扬帆 Yì Yángfān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081545==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
士隐令家人霍启抱了英莲，去看社火花灯。半夜中霍启因要小解，便将英莲放在一家门槛上坐着。待他小解完了来抱时，那有英莲的踪影。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==殷慧珍 Yīn Huìzhēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081546==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
急的霍启直寻了半夜，至天明不见。那霍启也不敢回来见主人，便逃往他乡去了。那士隐夫妇见女儿一夜不归，便知有些不好。再使几人去找寻，回来皆云影响全无。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==殷美达 Yīn Měidá 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081547==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
夫妻二人半世只生此女，一旦失去，何等烦恼，因此昼夜啼哭，几乎不顾性命。看看一月，士隐已先得病，夫人封氏也因思女搆疾，日日请医问卦。不想这日三月十五，葫芦庙中炸供，那和尚不小心，油锅火逸，便烧着窗纸。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==尹媛 Yǐn Yuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081548==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
此方人家俱用竹篱木壁，也是劫数应当如此，于是接二连三，牵五挂四，将一条街烧得如火焰山一般。彼时虽有军民来救，那火已成了势了，如何救得下，直烧了一夜方熄，也不知烧了多少人家。只可怜甄家在隔壁，早成了一堆瓦砾场了，只有他夫妇并几个家人的性命不曾伤了，急的士隐惟跌足长叹而已。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==詹若萱 Zhān Ruòxuān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081549==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
与妻子商议，且到田庄上去住。偏值近年水旱不收，贼盗蜂起，官兵剿捕，田庄上又难以安身。只得将田地都折变了，携了妻子与两个丫鬟，投他岳丈家去。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==张秋怡 Zhāng Qiūyí 亚非语言文学 女 202120081550==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
他岳丈名唤封肃，本贯大如州人氏，虽是务农，家中却还殷实。今见女婿这等狼狈而来，心中便有些不乐。幸而士隐还有折变田产的银子在身边，拿出来托他随便置买些房地，以为后日衣食之计。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==张扬 Zhāng Yáng 国别 男 202120081551==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
那封肃便半用半赚的，略与他些薄田破屋。士隐乃读书之人，不惯生理稼穑等事，勉强支持了一二年，越发穷了。封肃见面时，便说些现成话儿；且人前人后，又怨他不会过，只一味好吃懒做。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==张怡然 Zhāng Yírán 俄语语言文学 女 202120081552==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
士隐知道了，心中未免悔恨；再兼上年惊唬，急忿怨痛：暮年之人，那禁得贫病交攻，竟渐渐的露出那下世的光景来。可巧这日拄了拐，扎挣到街前散散心时，忽见那边来了一个跛足道人，疯狂落拓，麻鞋鹑衣，口内念着几句言词道：&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==钟义菲 Zhōng Yìfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081553==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
世人都晓神仙好，惟有功名忘不了。古今将相在何方？荒冢一堆草没了。世人都晓神仙好，只有金银忘不了。终朝只恨聚无多，及到多时眼闭了。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==钟雨露 Zhōng Yǔlù 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081554==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
世人都晓神仙好，只有姣妻忘不了。君生日日说恩情，君死又随人去了。世人都晓神仙好，只有儿孙忘不了。痴心父母古来多，孝顺子孙谁见了？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==周玖 Zhōu Jiǔ 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081555==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
士隐听了，便迎上来道：“你满口说些什么？只听见些‘好’、‘了’，‘好’、‘了’。”那道人笑道：“你若果听见‘好’、‘了’二字，还算你明白。可知世上万般，好便是了，了便是好：若不了，便不好；若要好，须是了。我这歌儿便叫《好了歌》。&lt;br /&gt;
”&lt;br /&gt;
==周俊辉 Zhōu Jùnhuī 法语语言文学 女 202120081556==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
士隐本是有夙慧的，一闻此言，心中早已悟彻，因笑道：“且住，待我将你这《好了歌》注解出来何如？”道人笑道：“你就请解。”士隐乃说道：陋室空堂，当年笏满床。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==周巧 Zhōu Qiǎo 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081557==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
衰草枯杨，曾为歌舞场。蛛丝儿结满雕梁，绿纱今又在蓬窗上。说甚么脂正浓，粉正香，如何两鬓又成霜？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==周清 Zhōu Qīng 法语语言文学 女 202120081558==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
昨日黄土陇头埋白骨，今宵红绡帐底卧鸳鸯。金满箱，银满箱，转眼乞丐人皆谤。正叹他人命不长，那知自己归来丧。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==周小雪 Zhōu Xiǎoxuě 日语语言文学 女 202120081559==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
训有方，保不定日后作强梁；择膏粱，谁承望流落在烟花巷。因嫌纱帽小，致使锁枷扛；昨怜破袄寒，今嫌紫蟒长。乱烘烘，你方唱罢我登场，反认他乡是故乡。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==朱素珍 Zhū Sùzhēn 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081561==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
甚荒唐，到头来，都是为他人作嫁衣裳。那疯跛道人听了，拍掌大笑道：“解得切，解得切！”士隐便说一声：“走罢。”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==邹岳丽 Zōu Yuèlí 日语语言文学 女 202120081562==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
将道人肩上的搭裢抢过来背上，竟不回家，同着疯道人飘飘而去。当下哄动街坊，众人当作一件新闻传说。封氏闻知此信，哭个死去活来。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Nadia 202011080004==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
只得与父亲商议，遣人各处访寻，那讨音信。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Mahzad Heydarian 玛莎 202021080004==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
无奈何，只得依靠着他父母度日。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Mariam toure 2020GBJ002301==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
幸而身边还有两个旧日的丫鬟伏侍，主仆三人，日夜作些针线，帮着父亲用度。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Rouabah Soumaya 202121080001==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
那封肃虽然每日抱怨，也无可奈何了。&lt;br /&gt;
Although Feng Su complained every day, he was helpless&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Muhammad Numan 202121080002==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
这日那甄家的大丫鬟在门前买线，忽听得街上喝道之声。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Atta Ur Rahman 202121080003==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
众人都说：“新太爷到任了。”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Muhammad Saqib Mehran 202121080004==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
丫鬟隐在门内看时，只见军牢、快手一对一对过去，俄而大轿内抬着一个乌帽猩袍的官府来了。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Zohaib Chand 202121080005==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
那丫鬟倒发了个怔，自思：“这官儿好面善，倒像在那里见过的。”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Jawad Ahmad 202121080006==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
于是进入房中，也就丢过，不在心上。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Nizam Uddin 202121080007==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
至晚间正待歇息之时，忽听一片声打的门响，许多人乱嚷，说：“本县太爷的差人来传人问话！”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Öncü 202121080008==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
封肃听了，唬得目瞪口呆。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Akira Jantarat 202121080009==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
不知有何祸事，且听下回分解。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Benjamin Wellsand 202111080118==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
通灵──“通灵宝玉”的简称。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Asep Budiman 202111080020==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
亦即下文所说女娲炼石补天所剩的那块“顽石”，因其历经锻炼而“灵性已通”，并能幻化为贾宝玉，故称。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Ei Mon Kyaw 202111080021==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
《石头记》──此书的本名。&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=127170</id>
		<title>Machine translation</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=127170"/>
		<updated>2021-11-15T14:53:19Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 9 谢佳芬（人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译） */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=1 卫怡雯(A Comparison Between the Quality of Machine Translation and Human Translation——A Case Study of the Application of artificial intelligence in Sports Events)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Human Translation; International Sports Events；Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
论机器翻译与人工翻译的质量对比——以人工智能在体育赛事领域的应用为例&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译；人工翻译；国际体育赛事；人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=2 吴映红=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_2]]&lt;br /&gt;
=3 肖毅瑶(On the Realm Advantages And Symbiotic Development of Machine Translation And Huamn Translation)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_3]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Huamn Translation; Realm Advantages; Symbiotic Development&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
论机器翻译与人工翻译的领域优势及共生发展&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
 机器翻译自1947年问世以来不断发展，并逐渐在翻译市场发挥着举足轻重的作用，随之而至的便是人们对于机器翻译与人工翻译之间关系的思考与研究。机器翻译的应运而生给人工翻译市场带来的究竟是巨大的冲击还是无限的机遇呢？二者的关系走向将会如何，是取而代之还是并驾齐驱？译者该如何应对机器翻译的挑战？&lt;br /&gt;
    笔者认为随着科学技术的不断完善，人工翻译和机器翻译在不同的领域各自都具备一定主导地位，但机器翻译仍旧存在一定缺陷，永远不可能取代人工翻译。本文立足于机器翻译与人工翻译的不同特点，浅析二者各自的领域优势，探究其共生发展的可能性以及途径。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
人工翻译；机器翻译；领域优势；共生发展&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=4 王李菲 （Comparison Between Machine Translation of Netease and Traditional Human Translation—A Case Study of The Economist Articles)= &lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_4]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Human Translation; Contrastive Analysis&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
有道神经网络机器翻译与传统人工翻译的译文对比——以经济学人语料为例&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
人工翻译；机器翻译；对比分析&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=5 杨柳青=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_5]]&lt;br /&gt;
=6 徐敏赟(Machine Translation Based on Neural Network --Challenge or Chance)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_6]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the acceleration of economic globalization, there is a growing demand for translation services. In recent years, with the rapid development of neural networks and deep learning, the quality of machine translation has been significantly improved. Compared with human translation, machine translation has the advantages of low cost and high speed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Neural machine translation brings both convenience and pressure to translators. Based on the principles of neural machine translation, this paper will objectively analyze the advantages and disadvantages of neural machine translation, and discuss whether neural machine translation is a chance or a challenge for human translators.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Neural network; Deep learning; Machine translation; human translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
基于神经网络的机器翻译 --机遇还是挑战？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
随着经济全球化进程的加速，人们对翻译服务的需求也越来越大。近些年来，神经网络和深度学习等技术得到快速发展，机器翻译的质量得到了显著提高，较人工翻译来讲有着成本低，速度快等优势。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
基于神经网络的机器翻译给翻译工作者带来便捷的同时，同时也给翻译工作者们带来了一定的压力。本文将会从神经机器翻译的原理出发，客观分析基于神经网络的机器翻译中存在的一些优势与劣势，并以此来探讨机器翻译对于翻译工作者来说到底是机遇还是挑战这一问题。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
神经网络；深度学习；机器翻译；人工翻译；&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1.Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation, (Li Mu, Liu Shujie, Zhang Dongdong, Zhou Ming 2018, 2) a branch of Natural Language Processing (NLP), refers to the process of using a machine to automatically translate a natural language (source language) sentence into another language (target language) sentence. The natural language here refers to human language used daily (such as English, Chinese, Japanese, etc.), which is different from languages created by humans for specific purposes (such as computer programming languages).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to statistics, there are about 5600 human languages in existence. In China, as we are a big family composed of 56 ethnic groups, some ethnic minorities also have their own languages and scripts. In other countries, due to the history of colonization, these countries usually have multiple official languages, so some official documents usually need to be written in more than two languages. In the context of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative, communication among different languages has become an important part of building a community with a shared future for mankind. Therefore, the application of machine translation technology can help promote national unity, communication between different languages and cross-cultural communication.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the latest machine translation method, neural machine translation, has advantages such as speed and low cost, machine translation is still far from being as effective as human translation. Li Yao (Li Yao 2021, 39) selects Chronicle of a Blood Merchant translated by Andrew F. Jones, a classic work of Yu Hua, and the versions of Baidu Translation, Youdao Translation and Google Translation as corpus to conduct a comparative study on translation quality. Starting from the development of machine translation, Jin Wenlu (Jin Wenlu 2019, 82) analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of machine translation and manual translation, discussed the question of whether machine translation can replace human translation. In order to further explore the impact of machine translation on translators, this paper will take neural machine translation - the latest machine translation as an example to discuss whether machine translation is a chance or a challenge for translators.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.Comparison of different machine translation methods===&lt;br /&gt;
Actually, the development of Machine Translation methods is going through four stages: rule-based methods, instance-based methods, statistical machine translation and neural machine translation. At present, thanks to the application of deep learning methods, neural machine translation has become the mainstream. Compared with statistical machine translation, neural machine translation has the following advantages:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1) End-to-end learning does not rely on too many prior assumptions. In the era of statistical machine translation, model design makes more or less assumptions about the process of translation. Phrase-based models, for example, assume that both source and target languages are sliced into sequences of phrases, with some alignment between them. This hypothesis has both advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, it draws lessons from the relevant concepts of linguistics and helps to integrate the model into human prior knowledge. On the other hand, the more assumptions, the more constrained the model. If the assumptions are correct, the model can describe the problem well. But if the assumptions are wrong, the model can be biased. Deep learning does not rely on prior knowledge, nor does it require manual design of features. The model learns directly from the mapping of input and output (end-to-end learning), which also avoids possible deviations caused by assumptions to a certain extent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2) The continuous space model of neural network has better representation ability. A basic problem in machine translation is how to represent a sentence. Statistical machine translation regards the process of sentence generation as the derivation of phrases or rules, which is essentially a symbol system in discrete space. Deep learning transforms traditional discrete-based representations into representations of continuous space. For example, a distributed representation of the space of real numbers replaces the discrete lexical representation, and the entire sentence can be described as a vector of real numbers. Therefore, the translation problem can be described in continuous space, which greatly alleviates the dimension disaster of traditional discrete space model. More importantly, continuous space model can be optimized by gradient descent and other methods, which has good mathematical properties and is easy to implement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=7 颜莉莉(一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_7]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
In the era of artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence has been applied to various fields. In the field of translation, traditional translation models can no longer meet the rapid development and updating of the information age. The development of machine translation has brought structural changes to the language service industry, which poses challenges to the cultivation of translation talents. Under the background of &amp;quot;The Belt and Road initiative&amp;quot;, translation talents have higher and higher requirements on translation literacy. Artificial intelligence and translation technology are used to reform the training mode of translation talents, so as to better serve the development of The Times. This paper mainly explores the cultivation of artificial intelligence and translation talents under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative. The cultivation of translation talents is moving towards comprehensive cultivation of talents. On the contrary, artificial intelligence and machine translation can also be used to improve the teaching mode and teaching content, so as to win together in cooperation.&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Artificial intelligence,Machine translation,cultivation of translation talents,&amp;quot;The Belt and Road initiative&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
进入人工智能时代，人工智能被应用于各个领域。在翻译领域，传统的翻译模式已无法满足信息化时代的飞速发展和更新，机器翻译的发展给语言服务行业带来了结构性改变，这对翻译人才的培养提出了挑战。“一带一路”背景下，对翻译人才的翻译素养要求越来越高，利用人工智能和翻译技术对翻译人才培养模式进行革新，更好为时代发展服务。本文主要探究在一带一路背景下人工智能和翻译人才培养，翻译人才的培养过程中正向对人才的综合性培养，反之也可以利用人工智能和机器翻译完善教学模式和教学内容，在合作中共赢。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能；机器翻译；翻译人才培养；一带一路&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of science and technology in China, artificial intelligence has also been greatly improved, and related technologies have been applied to various fields, such as the use of intelligent robots to deliver food to quarantined people during the epidemic, which has made people's lives more convenient. The most controversial and widely discussed issue is machine translation. Before the emergence of machine translation, translation was generally dominated by human translation, including translation and interpretation, which was divided into simultaneous interpretation and hand transmission, etc. It takes a lot of time and energy to cultivate a translation talent. However, nowadays, the era is developing rapidly and information is updated rapidly. As a translation talent, it is necessary to constantly update its knowledge reserve to keep up with the pace of The Times. The emergence of machine translation has also posed challenges to translation talents and the training of translation talents. Although machine translation had some problems in the early stage, it is now constantly improving its functions. In the context of the belt and Road Initiative, both machine translation and human translation are facing difficulties. Regardless of whether human translation is still needed, what is more important at present is how to train translators to adapt to difficulties and promote the cooperation between human translation and machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.Development status of machine translation in the era of artificial intelligence ===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of AI technology, machine translation has made great progress and has been applied to people's lives. For example, more and more tourists choose to download translation software when traveling abroad, which makes machine translation take an absolute advantage in daily email reply and other translation activities that do not require high accuracy. The translation software commonly used by netizens include Google Translation, Baidu Translation, Youdao Translation, IFly.com Translation, etc. Even wechat and other chat software can also carry out instant Translation into English. Some companies have also launched translation pens, translation machines and other equipment, which enables even native speakers to rely on machine translation to carry out basic communication with other Chinese people.&lt;br /&gt;
But so far, machine translation still faces huge problems. Although machine translation has made great progress, it is highly dependent on corpus and other big data matching. It does not reach the thinking level of human brain, and cannot deal with the problem of translation differences caused by culture and religion. In addition, many minor languages cannot be translated by machine due to lack of corpus.&lt;br /&gt;
What's more, most of the corpus is about developed countries such as Britain and France, and most of the corpus is about diplomacy, politics, science and technology, etc., while there are very few about nationality, culture, religion, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
In addition, machine translation can only be used for daily communication at present. If it involves important occasions such as large conferences and international affairs, it is impossible to risk using machine translation for translation work. Professional translators are required to carry out translation work. So machine translation still has a long way to go.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.Challenges in the training of translation talents in universities===&lt;br /&gt;
The cultivation of translators is targeted at the market. Professors Zhu Yifan and Guan Xinchao from the School of Foreign Languages at Shanghai Jiao Tong University believe that the cultivation of translators can be divided into four types: high-end translators and interpreters, senior translators and researchers, compound translators and applied translators.&lt;br /&gt;
From their names, it can be seen that high-end translators and interpreters and senior translators and researchers talents have high requirements on the knowledge and quality of interpreters, because they have to face the changing international situation, and have to deal with all kinds of sensitive relations and political related content, they should have flexible cross-cultural communication skills. In addition, for literature, sociology and humanities academic works, it is not only necessary to translate their content, but also to understand their essence. Therefore, translators should not only have humanistic feelings, but also need to have a deep understanding of Chinese and western culture.&lt;br /&gt;
However, there is not much demand for this kind of translation in the society. Such high-level translation requirements are not needed in daily life and work. The greatest demand is for compound translators, which means that they should master knowledge in a specific field while mastering a foreign language. For example, compound translators in the financial field should not only be good at foreign languages, but also master financial knowledge, including professional terms, special expressions and sentence patterns.&lt;br /&gt;
Now we say that machine translation can replace human translation should refer to the field of compound translation talents. Although AI technology has enabled machine translation to participate in creation, it does not mean that compound translation talents will be replaced by machines. The complexity of language and the flexible cross-cultural awareness required in communication make it impossible for machine translation to completely replace human translation.&lt;br /&gt;
The last type of applied translation talents are mostly involved in the general text without too much technical content and few professional terms, so it is easy to be replaced by machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
Therefore, the author thinks that what universities are facing at present is not only how to train translation talents to cope with the development of machine translation, but to consider the application of machine translation in the process of training translation talents to achieve human-machine integration, so as to better complete the translation work.&lt;br /&gt;
===4.一带一路语言环境和人才需要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.在机器翻译视域下如何培养翻译人才 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.1 对翻译人才的素养要求 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.2 利用人工智能进行翻译实践活动===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.3 大数据、术语库和语料库的应用===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.2 针对一带一路的机器翻译与翻译人才的合作===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=8 颜静(On Machine Translation Under Lanuguage Intelligence——An Option and Opportunity for Human Translators)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_8]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
Nowadays the artificial intelligence is sweeping the world, however, the traditional language research and language service industry is facing new challenges.  This paper attempts to comb and analyze the development process of language intelligence in artificial intelligence and the development status of language industry under the background of information age to interpret the feasibility of liberal arts translators to engage in machine translation research and necessity to apply machine translation, thus to provide an option for human translators in information age to develop.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
New Libral Arts; Language Intelligence; Machine Translation; Interdisciplinarity&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
论语言智能之机器翻译——我们的选择和未来&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
当今人工智能的热潮席卷全球，而传统的语言研究和语言服务行业却面临着新的挑战。本文通过梳理分析人工智能中语言智能领域的发展历程和信息时代背景下语言行业的发展现状，对文科译者从事机器翻译研究的可行性和应用机器翻译的必要性进行阐述，为信息时代译者的发展路径提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
新文科；语言智能；机器翻译；学科交叉&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
Obviously, we are now in an era of &amp;quot;explosion&amp;quot; of information and knowledge, which makes us have to find ways to deal with it quickly. Language is the manifestation of information, and the tool that can deal with language with complicated information is just computer. It happens that human beings do not have a special organ to perceive language, but carry the image and sound symbols of language through visual and auditory perception, and then form language information through brain processing and abstraction. Therefore, language intelligence also belongs to the research category of &amp;quot;cognitive intelligence&amp;quot;. In view of this, computer has carried out the research on language, among which the common research fields are &amp;quot;natural language processing&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;language information processing&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Computational Linguistics&amp;quot;. These three are different, but they all have the same goal, that is, to enable computers to realize and express with language, solve language related problems and simulate human language ability. Among them, machine translation is the integration of language intelligence and technology. The comprehensive research of MT in China starts from the mid-1980s. Especially since the 1990s, a number of MT systems have been published and commercialized systems have been launched. In addition, various universities in China have also carried out MT and computational linguistics research, developed various translation experimental systems and achieved fruitful results. In the research of machine translation, it involves not only translation model and language model, but also alignment method, part of speech tagging, syntactic analysis method, translation evaluation and so on. Therefore, researchers must understand the basic knowledge of translation and be proficient in English, Chinese or other languages. Therefore, we say that compound talents with computer and language related knowledge will be more needed in the language industry or the computer field.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Chapter 1 Artificial Intelligence in Rapid Development===&lt;br /&gt;
At the Dartmouth Conference in 1956, the word &amp;quot;artificial intelligence&amp;quot; appeared in the human world for the first time. In the past 65 years, with the in-depth study of science, artificial intelligence seems to have come out of the original science fiction movies and science fictions, and is closer to human daily life step by step. Nowadays, autopilot, machine translation, chess and E-sports robots, AI synthetic anchor, AI generated portrait and so on have been realized and widely known. Artificial intelligence has also moved from logical intelligence and computational intelligence to today's cognitive intelligence. &lt;br /&gt;
====1.1 The Development of Language Intelligence====&lt;br /&gt;
According to academician Tan Tieniu, &amp;quot;Artificial intelligence is a technical science that studies and develops theories, methods, technologies and application systems that can simulate, extend and expand human intelligence. Its purpose is to enable intelligent machines to listen, see, speak, think, learn and act, that is, they have the following capabilities——speech recognition and machine translation, image and character recognition, speech synthesis and man-machine dialogue, man-machine games and theorems proving, machine learning and knowledge representation, autopilot and so on. So, from these purposes we can see that language plays a vital role in AI. In order to imitate human intelligence, an advanced form of artificial intelligence is to analyze and process human language by using computer and information technology. We call it &amp;quot;language intelligence&amp;quot;. Language intelligence is not only the core part of artificial intelligence, but also an important basis and means of human-computer interaction cognition, whose development will contribute to the whole process of AI and further to let AI technologies to practice. Therefore, it is known as the Pearl on the crown of artificial intelligence. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The concept of “language intelligence” was proposed in 2013 at Beijing Academic Forum on Language Intelligence. However, as mentioned above, its research direction in the computer field has always been called natural language processing (NLP). Its history is almost as long as computer and artificial intelligence. After the emergence of computer, there has been the research of artificial intelligence. Natural language processing generally includes two parts: natural language understanding and natural language generation. The early research of artificial intelligence has involved machine translation and natural language understanding, which is basically divided into three stages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first stage is from 1960s to 1980s. In this period, the common method is to establish vocabulary, syntactic and semantic analysis, question and answer, chat and machine translation systems based on rules. The advantage is that rules can make use of human’s own knowledge instead of relying on data, and can start quickly; The problem is on its insufficient coverage, and its rule management and scalability have not been solved. &lt;br /&gt;
The second stage starts from 1990s. At this time, statistics-based machine learning (ML) has become popular, and many NLP began to use statistics-based methods. The main idea is to use labeled data to establish a machine learning system based on manually defined features, and to use the data to determine the parameters of the machine learning system through learning. At runtime, by using these learned parameters, the input data is decoded and output. Machine translation and search engines just make use of statistical methods and get success. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The third stage is after 2008, when deep learning functions in voice and image. Subsequently, NLP researchers begin to turn to deep learning. First, they use deep learning for feature calculation or establish a new feature, and then experience the effect under the original statistical learning framework. For example, search engines add in-depth learning to calculate the similarity between search words and documents to improve the relevance of search. Since 2014, people have tried to conduct end-to-end training directly through deep learning modeling. At present, progress has been made in the fields of machine translation, question and answer, reading comprehension and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2 The Research on Machine Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
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===3. Chapter 2 Interdisciplinarity in Irresistible Trend===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====2.1 The Construction of New Liberal Arts====&lt;br /&gt;
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====2.1 The Current Status of New Liberal Arts====&lt;br /&gt;
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===4. Chapter 3 Language Service Industry with Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====3.1 Translation Mode of Man-machine Cooperation====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====3.2 Translators with More Professional and Diversified Career Path====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.2.1 The Improvement of Tranlation Ability&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.2.2 The Combination with Other Field&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=9 谢佳芬（人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of information technology, many industries are facing the competitive pressure of artificial intelligence, and so is the field of translation. Artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and combined with the field of translation，which has brought great impact and changes to traditional translation, but artificial intelligence translation and artificial translation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Artificial translation is in the leading position in adapting to human language logical habits and understanding characteristics, but in terms of translation threshold and economic value, the efficiency of artificial intelligence translation is even better. In a word, we need to know that machine translation and human translation are complementary rather than antagonistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Artificial Translation; Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
伴随着信息技术的不断发展，多个行业面临着人工智能的竞争压力，翻译领域也是如此。人工智能技术快速发展并与翻译领域结合，人工智能翻译给传统翻译带来了巨大的冲击和变革，但人工智能翻译与人工翻译存在着各自的优劣特点和发展空间，在适应人类语言逻辑习惯和理解特点的翻译效果上，人工翻译处于领先地位，但在翻译门槛和经济价值上，人工智能翻译的效率则更胜一筹。总的来说，我们要知道机器翻译与人工翻译是互补而非对立的关系。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译;人工翻译;人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
====1.1 The History of Machine Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
The research history of machine translation can be traced back to the 1930s and 1940s. In the early 1930s, the French scientist G.B. Alchuni put forward the idea of using machines for translation. In 1933, the Soviet inventor Troyansky designed a machine to translate one language into another. [1]In 1946, the world's first modern electronic computer ENIAC was born. Soon after, American scientist Warren Weaver, a pioneer of information theory, put forward the idea of automatic language translation by computer in 1947. In 1949, Warren Weaver published a memorandum entitled Translation, which formally raised the issue of machine translation. In 1954, Georgetown University, with the cooperation of IBM, completed the English-Russian machine translation experiment with IBM-701 computer for the first time, which opened the prelude of machine translation research. [2] In 2006, Google translation was officially released as a free service software, bringing a big upsurge of statistical machine translation research. It was Franz Och who joined Google in 2004 and led Google translation. What’s more, it is precisely because of the unremitting efforts of generations of scientists that science fiction has been brought into reality step by step.&lt;br /&gt;
According to the working principle, machine translation has roughly experienced three stages: rule-based machine translation, statistics-based machine translation and deep learning based neural machine translation. [3] These three stages witnessed a leap in the quality of machine translation. Machine translation is more and more used in daily life and even the translation of some texts is almost comparable to artificial translation. In addition to text translation, voice translation, photo translation and other functions have also been listed, which provides great convenience for people's life. It is undeniable that machine translation has become the development trend of translation in the future.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2 The Status Quo of Machine Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
In this big data era of information explosion, the prospect of machine translation is also bright. At present, the circular neural network system launched by Google has supported universal translation in more than 60 languages. Many Internet companies such as Microsoft Bing, Sogou, Tencent, Baidu and NetEase Youdao have also launched their own Internet free machine translation systems. [3] Users can obtain translation results free of charge by logging in to the corresponding websites. At present, the circular neural network translation system launched by Google can support real-time translation of more than 60 languages, and the domestic Baidu online machine translation system can also support real-time translation of 28 languages. These Internet online machine translation systems are suitable for a variety of terminal platforms such as mobile phone, PC, tablet and web and its functions are also quite diverse, supporting many translation forms, such as screen word selection, text scanning translation, photo translation, offline translation, web page translation and so on. Although its translation quality needs to be improved, it has been outstanding in the fields of daily dialogue, news translation and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
Generally speaking, machine translation has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, accurate term translation and great development potential and etc. Machine translation is fast and efficient, this is something that artificial translation can’t catch up with. In addition, with the continuous emergence of all kinds of translation software in the market, compared with artificial translation, machine translation is cheap and sometimes even free, which greatly saves the economic cost and time for users with low translation quality requirements. What's more, compared with artificial translation, machine translation has a huge corpus, which makes the translation of some terms, especially the latest scientific and technological terms, more rapid and accurate. The accurate translation of these terms requires the translator to constantly learn, but learning needs a process, which has a certain test on the translator's learning ability and learning speed. In this regard, artificial translation has uncertainty and hysteretic nature. At the same time, with the progress of science and technology and the development of society, the function of machine translation will be more perfect and the quality of translation will be better.&lt;br /&gt;
At the same time, machine translation also has its limitations. At first, machine can only operate word to word translation, which only plays the function and role of dictionary. Then, the application of syntax enables the process of sentence translation and it can be solved by using the direct translation method. When the original text and the target language are highly similar, it can be translated directly. For example, the original text &amp;quot;他是个老师.&amp;quot; The target language is &amp;quot;he is a teacher &amp;quot;. With the increase of the structural complexity of the original text, the effect of machine translation is greatly reduced. Therefore, at the syntactic level, machine translation still stays in sentences with relatively simple structure. Meanwhile, the original text and the results of machine translation cannot be interchanged equally, indicating that English-Chinese translation has strong randomness, and is not rigorous and scientific enough. &lt;br /&gt;
Besides, machine translation is not culturally sensitive. Human may never be able to program machines to understand and experience a particular culture. Different cultures have unique and different language systems, and machines do not have complexity to understand or recognize slang, jargon, puns and idioms. Therefore, their translation may not conform to cultural values and specific norms. This is also one of the challenges that the machine needs to overcome.[4] Artificial intelligence may have human abstract thinking ability in the future, but it is difficult to have image thinking ability including imagination and emotion. [5] Therefore, machine translation is often used in news, science and technology, patents, specifications and other text fields with the purpose of fact description, knowledge and information transmission. These words rarely involve emotional and cultural background. When translating expressive texts, the limitations of machine translation are exposed. The so-called expressive text refers to the text that pays attention to emotional expression and is full of imagination. Its main characteristics are subjectivity, emotion and imagination, such as novels, poetry, prose, art and so on. This kind of text attaches importance to the emotional expression of the author or character image, and uses a lot of metaphors, symbols and other expressions. Machine translation is difficult to catch up with artificial translation in this kind of text, it can only translate the main idea, lack of connotation and literary grace and it cannot have subjective feelings and rational analysis like human beings. In fact, it is not difficult to simulate the human brain, the difficulty is that it is impossible to learn from the rich social experience and life experience of excellent translators. In other words, machine translation lacks the personalization and creativity of human translation. It is this personalization and creativity that promote the development and evolution of language, and what machine translation can only output is mechanical &amp;quot;machine language&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.The Irreplaceability of Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Discussion on the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.  Suggestions on the Combined Development of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=10 熊敏(Research on the English Chinese Translation Ability of Machine Translation for Various Types of Texts)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_10]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the rapid development of information technology,machine translation technology emerged and is gradually becoming mature.In order to explore the ability of machine translation, I adopts two versions of translation, which are manual translation and machine translation(this paper uses Youdao translation) for different types of texts(according to Peter Newmark's types of text). The results are quite different in terms of quality and accuracy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
machine translation; manual translation; Newmark's type of texts&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
Research on the English Chinese Translation Ability of Machine Translation for Various Types of Texts&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
随着信息技术的高速发展，机器翻译技术出现了，并且逐渐成熟。为了探究机器翻译的能力水平，本人根据纽马克的文本类型分类，选择了相应的译文类型，并且将其机器翻译的版本以及人工翻译的版本进行对比。就质量和准确度而言，译文的水平大相径庭。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译；人工翻译；纽马克文本类型&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
====1.1.Introduction to machine translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation, also known as computer translation is a technique to translating through machine translator, such as Google translation and Youdao translation. Machine translation is one of the branches of computational linguistics, ranging from computer science, statistics, information science and so on. Machine translation plays an important role in all aspects.&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation can be traced back to 1940s, when British engineer Booth and American engineer Weaver proposed using computer to translate and started to study machines used for translation. However in the 1960s, reports from ALPAC (Automated Language Processing Advisory Committee) showed studies on machine translation had stagnated for a decade. In the 1970s, with the advancement of computer, machine translation was back to track. In the last decades, machine translation has mainly developed into four stages: rule-based machine translation, statistic machine translation, example-based machine translation and neural machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2.Process of machine translation====&lt;br /&gt;
The process of manual translation is different from that of machine translation. Here is the process of the former. (1) Understand source language. (2) Use target language to organize language. (3) Generate translation. Unlike manual translation, machine translation tends to analyze and code source language first, then look for related codes in corpus, and work out the code that represents target language, generating translation. But they share a common feature, which is that Lexicon, grammatical rules and syntactic structure are taken into consideration. This is one of the biggest challenges for machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.Newmark’s type of texts===&lt;br /&gt;
Peter Newmark divided texts into informative type, expressive text and vocative type according to the linguistic functions of various texts. &lt;br /&gt;
====2.11Informative text====&lt;br /&gt;
The core of the informative texts is the truth. It is to convey facts, information, knowledge and the like. The language style of the text is objective and logical. Reports, papers, scientific and technological textbooks are all attributed to informative texts.&lt;br /&gt;
====2.2Expressive text====&lt;br /&gt;
The core of the expressive text is the emotion. It is to express preferences, feelings, views and so on. The language style of it is subjective. Literary works, including fictions, poems and drama, autobiography and authoritative statements belong to expressive text.&lt;br /&gt;
====2.3Vocative text====&lt;br /&gt;
The core of the vocative text is readership. It is to call upon readers to act in the way intended by the text. So it is reader-oriented. Such texts advertisement, propaganda and notices are of vocative text.&lt;br /&gt;
====2.4Study Method====&lt;br /&gt;
Manual translations of the three texts are selected from authoritative versions and universally acknowledged. And machine translations of those come from Youdao Translator. And in this thesis I will compare and evaluate the two methods in word diction, sentence structure, word order and redundancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.  ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=11 陈惠妮=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_11]]&lt;br /&gt;
=12 蔡珠凤=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_12]]&lt;br /&gt;
=13 陈湘琼Chen Xiangqiong（Study on Post-editing from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory ）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_13]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of technology，machine translation methods are changing. From rule-based methods to corpus-based methods，and then to neural network translation，every time machine translation become more precise, which means it is not impossible the complete  replacement of human translation by machine translation. But machine translation still faces many problems until today such as : fail to translate special terms, incapable to set the right sentence order, unable to understand content and culture background etc. All of these need to be checked out and modified by human translator, so it can be predict that the model ''Human + Machine''  will last for a long period. This article will discuss mistakes made in machine translation and describe what translators should do in post-editing based on the skopos theory and functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
machine translation，post-editing，skopos theory，functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
基于功能对等视角探讨译后编辑问题与对策&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
随着科技的不断发展，机器翻译方法也在不断变革，从基于规则的机器翻译，到基于统计的机器翻译，再到今天基于人工神经网络的机器翻译，每一次变化都让机器翻译变得更精确，更高质。这意味着在不远的将来，机器翻译完全代替人工翻译成为一种可能。但是直至今天，机器翻译仍然面临许多的问题如：无法准确翻译术语、无法正确排列句子语序、无法分辨语境等，这些问题依然需要人工检查和修改。机器翻译自有其优点，人工翻译也有无可替代之处，所以在很长一段时间内，翻译都应该是机器+人工的运作方式。本文将基于翻译目的论和功能对等理论，对机器翻译可能出现的错误之处进行探讨，并且旨在描述译者在进行译后编辑时需要注重的方面，为广大译员提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译，译后编辑，翻译目的论，功能对等&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Machine Translation Versus Human Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. Skopos Theory and Translation Equivalent===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. The Relationship between MT and HT ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. Post-editing On Words===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. Post-editing On Sentences===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. Post-editing On Style and Culture Background===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=127169</id>
		<title>Machine translation</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=127169"/>
		<updated>2021-11-15T14:52:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 9 谢佳芬（人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译） */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=1 卫怡雯(A Comparison Between the Quality of Machine Translation and Human Translation——A Case Study of the Application of artificial intelligence in Sports Events)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Human Translation; International Sports Events；Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
论机器翻译与人工翻译的质量对比——以人工智能在体育赛事领域的应用为例&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译；人工翻译；国际体育赛事；人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=2 吴映红=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_2]]&lt;br /&gt;
=3 肖毅瑶(On the Realm Advantages And Symbiotic Development of Machine Translation And Huamn Translation)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_3]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Huamn Translation; Realm Advantages; Symbiotic Development&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
论机器翻译与人工翻译的领域优势及共生发展&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
 机器翻译自1947年问世以来不断发展，并逐渐在翻译市场发挥着举足轻重的作用，随之而至的便是人们对于机器翻译与人工翻译之间关系的思考与研究。机器翻译的应运而生给人工翻译市场带来的究竟是巨大的冲击还是无限的机遇呢？二者的关系走向将会如何，是取而代之还是并驾齐驱？译者该如何应对机器翻译的挑战？&lt;br /&gt;
    笔者认为随着科学技术的不断完善，人工翻译和机器翻译在不同的领域各自都具备一定主导地位，但机器翻译仍旧存在一定缺陷，永远不可能取代人工翻译。本文立足于机器翻译与人工翻译的不同特点，浅析二者各自的领域优势，探究其共生发展的可能性以及途径。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
人工翻译；机器翻译；领域优势；共生发展&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=4 王李菲 （Comparison Between Machine Translation of Netease and Traditional Human Translation—A Case Study of The Economist Articles)= &lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_4]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Human Translation; Contrastive Analysis&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
有道神经网络机器翻译与传统人工翻译的译文对比——以经济学人语料为例&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
人工翻译；机器翻译；对比分析&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=5 杨柳青=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_5]]&lt;br /&gt;
=6 徐敏赟(Machine Translation Based on Neural Network --Challenge or Chance)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_6]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the acceleration of economic globalization, there is a growing demand for translation services. In recent years, with the rapid development of neural networks and deep learning, the quality of machine translation has been significantly improved. Compared with human translation, machine translation has the advantages of low cost and high speed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Neural machine translation brings both convenience and pressure to translators. Based on the principles of neural machine translation, this paper will objectively analyze the advantages and disadvantages of neural machine translation, and discuss whether neural machine translation is a chance or a challenge for human translators.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Neural network; Deep learning; Machine translation; human translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
基于神经网络的机器翻译 --机遇还是挑战？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
随着经济全球化进程的加速，人们对翻译服务的需求也越来越大。近些年来，神经网络和深度学习等技术得到快速发展，机器翻译的质量得到了显著提高，较人工翻译来讲有着成本低，速度快等优势。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
基于神经网络的机器翻译给翻译工作者带来便捷的同时，同时也给翻译工作者们带来了一定的压力。本文将会从神经机器翻译的原理出发，客观分析基于神经网络的机器翻译中存在的一些优势与劣势，并以此来探讨机器翻译对于翻译工作者来说到底是机遇还是挑战这一问题。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
神经网络；深度学习；机器翻译；人工翻译；&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1.Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation, (Li Mu, Liu Shujie, Zhang Dongdong, Zhou Ming 2018, 2) a branch of Natural Language Processing (NLP), refers to the process of using a machine to automatically translate a natural language (source language) sentence into another language (target language) sentence. The natural language here refers to human language used daily (such as English, Chinese, Japanese, etc.), which is different from languages created by humans for specific purposes (such as computer programming languages).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to statistics, there are about 5600 human languages in existence. In China, as we are a big family composed of 56 ethnic groups, some ethnic minorities also have their own languages and scripts. In other countries, due to the history of colonization, these countries usually have multiple official languages, so some official documents usually need to be written in more than two languages. In the context of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative, communication among different languages has become an important part of building a community with a shared future for mankind. Therefore, the application of machine translation technology can help promote national unity, communication between different languages and cross-cultural communication.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the latest machine translation method, neural machine translation, has advantages such as speed and low cost, machine translation is still far from being as effective as human translation. Li Yao (Li Yao 2021, 39) selects Chronicle of a Blood Merchant translated by Andrew F. Jones, a classic work of Yu Hua, and the versions of Baidu Translation, Youdao Translation and Google Translation as corpus to conduct a comparative study on translation quality. Starting from the development of machine translation, Jin Wenlu (Jin Wenlu 2019, 82) analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of machine translation and manual translation, discussed the question of whether machine translation can replace human translation. In order to further explore the impact of machine translation on translators, this paper will take neural machine translation - the latest machine translation as an example to discuss whether machine translation is a chance or a challenge for translators.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.Comparison of different machine translation methods===&lt;br /&gt;
Actually, the development of Machine Translation methods is going through four stages: rule-based methods, instance-based methods, statistical machine translation and neural machine translation. At present, thanks to the application of deep learning methods, neural machine translation has become the mainstream. Compared with statistical machine translation, neural machine translation has the following advantages:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1) End-to-end learning does not rely on too many prior assumptions. In the era of statistical machine translation, model design makes more or less assumptions about the process of translation. Phrase-based models, for example, assume that both source and target languages are sliced into sequences of phrases, with some alignment between them. This hypothesis has both advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, it draws lessons from the relevant concepts of linguistics and helps to integrate the model into human prior knowledge. On the other hand, the more assumptions, the more constrained the model. If the assumptions are correct, the model can describe the problem well. But if the assumptions are wrong, the model can be biased. Deep learning does not rely on prior knowledge, nor does it require manual design of features. The model learns directly from the mapping of input and output (end-to-end learning), which also avoids possible deviations caused by assumptions to a certain extent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2) The continuous space model of neural network has better representation ability. A basic problem in machine translation is how to represent a sentence. Statistical machine translation regards the process of sentence generation as the derivation of phrases or rules, which is essentially a symbol system in discrete space. Deep learning transforms traditional discrete-based representations into representations of continuous space. For example, a distributed representation of the space of real numbers replaces the discrete lexical representation, and the entire sentence can be described as a vector of real numbers. Therefore, the translation problem can be described in continuous space, which greatly alleviates the dimension disaster of traditional discrete space model. More importantly, continuous space model can be optimized by gradient descent and other methods, which has good mathematical properties and is easy to implement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=7 颜莉莉(一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_7]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
In the era of artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence has been applied to various fields. In the field of translation, traditional translation models can no longer meet the rapid development and updating of the information age. The development of machine translation has brought structural changes to the language service industry, which poses challenges to the cultivation of translation talents. Under the background of &amp;quot;The Belt and Road initiative&amp;quot;, translation talents have higher and higher requirements on translation literacy. Artificial intelligence and translation technology are used to reform the training mode of translation talents, so as to better serve the development of The Times. This paper mainly explores the cultivation of artificial intelligence and translation talents under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative. The cultivation of translation talents is moving towards comprehensive cultivation of talents. On the contrary, artificial intelligence and machine translation can also be used to improve the teaching mode and teaching content, so as to win together in cooperation.&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Artificial intelligence,Machine translation,cultivation of translation talents,&amp;quot;The Belt and Road initiative&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
进入人工智能时代，人工智能被应用于各个领域。在翻译领域，传统的翻译模式已无法满足信息化时代的飞速发展和更新，机器翻译的发展给语言服务行业带来了结构性改变，这对翻译人才的培养提出了挑战。“一带一路”背景下，对翻译人才的翻译素养要求越来越高，利用人工智能和翻译技术对翻译人才培养模式进行革新，更好为时代发展服务。本文主要探究在一带一路背景下人工智能和翻译人才培养，翻译人才的培养过程中正向对人才的综合性培养，反之也可以利用人工智能和机器翻译完善教学模式和教学内容，在合作中共赢。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能；机器翻译；翻译人才培养；一带一路&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of science and technology in China, artificial intelligence has also been greatly improved, and related technologies have been applied to various fields, such as the use of intelligent robots to deliver food to quarantined people during the epidemic, which has made people's lives more convenient. The most controversial and widely discussed issue is machine translation. Before the emergence of machine translation, translation was generally dominated by human translation, including translation and interpretation, which was divided into simultaneous interpretation and hand transmission, etc. It takes a lot of time and energy to cultivate a translation talent. However, nowadays, the era is developing rapidly and information is updated rapidly. As a translation talent, it is necessary to constantly update its knowledge reserve to keep up with the pace of The Times. The emergence of machine translation has also posed challenges to translation talents and the training of translation talents. Although machine translation had some problems in the early stage, it is now constantly improving its functions. In the context of the belt and Road Initiative, both machine translation and human translation are facing difficulties. Regardless of whether human translation is still needed, what is more important at present is how to train translators to adapt to difficulties and promote the cooperation between human translation and machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.Development status of machine translation in the era of artificial intelligence ===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of AI technology, machine translation has made great progress and has been applied to people's lives. For example, more and more tourists choose to download translation software when traveling abroad, which makes machine translation take an absolute advantage in daily email reply and other translation activities that do not require high accuracy. The translation software commonly used by netizens include Google Translation, Baidu Translation, Youdao Translation, IFly.com Translation, etc. Even wechat and other chat software can also carry out instant Translation into English. Some companies have also launched translation pens, translation machines and other equipment, which enables even native speakers to rely on machine translation to carry out basic communication with other Chinese people.&lt;br /&gt;
But so far, machine translation still faces huge problems. Although machine translation has made great progress, it is highly dependent on corpus and other big data matching. It does not reach the thinking level of human brain, and cannot deal with the problem of translation differences caused by culture and religion. In addition, many minor languages cannot be translated by machine due to lack of corpus.&lt;br /&gt;
What's more, most of the corpus is about developed countries such as Britain and France, and most of the corpus is about diplomacy, politics, science and technology, etc., while there are very few about nationality, culture, religion, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
In addition, machine translation can only be used for daily communication at present. If it involves important occasions such as large conferences and international affairs, it is impossible to risk using machine translation for translation work. Professional translators are required to carry out translation work. So machine translation still has a long way to go.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.Challenges in the training of translation talents in universities===&lt;br /&gt;
The cultivation of translators is targeted at the market. Professors Zhu Yifan and Guan Xinchao from the School of Foreign Languages at Shanghai Jiao Tong University believe that the cultivation of translators can be divided into four types: high-end translators and interpreters, senior translators and researchers, compound translators and applied translators.&lt;br /&gt;
From their names, it can be seen that high-end translators and interpreters and senior translators and researchers talents have high requirements on the knowledge and quality of interpreters, because they have to face the changing international situation, and have to deal with all kinds of sensitive relations and political related content, they should have flexible cross-cultural communication skills. In addition, for literature, sociology and humanities academic works, it is not only necessary to translate their content, but also to understand their essence. Therefore, translators should not only have humanistic feelings, but also need to have a deep understanding of Chinese and western culture.&lt;br /&gt;
However, there is not much demand for this kind of translation in the society. Such high-level translation requirements are not needed in daily life and work. The greatest demand is for compound translators, which means that they should master knowledge in a specific field while mastering a foreign language. For example, compound translators in the financial field should not only be good at foreign languages, but also master financial knowledge, including professional terms, special expressions and sentence patterns.&lt;br /&gt;
Now we say that machine translation can replace human translation should refer to the field of compound translation talents. Although AI technology has enabled machine translation to participate in creation, it does not mean that compound translation talents will be replaced by machines. The complexity of language and the flexible cross-cultural awareness required in communication make it impossible for machine translation to completely replace human translation.&lt;br /&gt;
The last type of applied translation talents are mostly involved in the general text without too much technical content and few professional terms, so it is easy to be replaced by machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
Therefore, the author thinks that what universities are facing at present is not only how to train translation talents to cope with the development of machine translation, but to consider the application of machine translation in the process of training translation talents to achieve human-machine integration, so as to better complete the translation work.&lt;br /&gt;
===4.一带一路语言环境和人才需要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.在机器翻译视域下如何培养翻译人才 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.1 对翻译人才的素养要求 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.2 利用人工智能进行翻译实践活动===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.3 大数据、术语库和语料库的应用===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.2 针对一带一路的机器翻译与翻译人才的合作===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=8 颜静(On Machine Translation Under Lanuguage Intelligence——An Option and Opportunity for Human Translators)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_8]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
Nowadays the artificial intelligence is sweeping the world, however, the traditional language research and language service industry is facing new challenges.  This paper attempts to comb and analyze the development process of language intelligence in artificial intelligence and the development status of language industry under the background of information age to interpret the feasibility of liberal arts translators to engage in machine translation research and necessity to apply machine translation, thus to provide an option for human translators in information age to develop.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
New Libral Arts; Language Intelligence; Machine Translation; Interdisciplinarity&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
论语言智能之机器翻译——我们的选择和未来&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
当今人工智能的热潮席卷全球，而传统的语言研究和语言服务行业却面临着新的挑战。本文通过梳理分析人工智能中语言智能领域的发展历程和信息时代背景下语言行业的发展现状，对文科译者从事机器翻译研究的可行性和应用机器翻译的必要性进行阐述，为信息时代译者的发展路径提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
新文科；语言智能；机器翻译；学科交叉&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
Obviously, we are now in an era of &amp;quot;explosion&amp;quot; of information and knowledge, which makes us have to find ways to deal with it quickly. Language is the manifestation of information, and the tool that can deal with language with complicated information is just computer. It happens that human beings do not have a special organ to perceive language, but carry the image and sound symbols of language through visual and auditory perception, and then form language information through brain processing and abstraction. Therefore, language intelligence also belongs to the research category of &amp;quot;cognitive intelligence&amp;quot;. In view of this, computer has carried out the research on language, among which the common research fields are &amp;quot;natural language processing&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;language information processing&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Computational Linguistics&amp;quot;. These three are different, but they all have the same goal, that is, to enable computers to realize and express with language, solve language related problems and simulate human language ability. Among them, machine translation is the integration of language intelligence and technology. The comprehensive research of MT in China starts from the mid-1980s. Especially since the 1990s, a number of MT systems have been published and commercialized systems have been launched. In addition, various universities in China have also carried out MT and computational linguistics research, developed various translation experimental systems and achieved fruitful results. In the research of machine translation, it involves not only translation model and language model, but also alignment method, part of speech tagging, syntactic analysis method, translation evaluation and so on. Therefore, researchers must understand the basic knowledge of translation and be proficient in English, Chinese or other languages. Therefore, we say that compound talents with computer and language related knowledge will be more needed in the language industry or the computer field.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Chapter 1 Artificial Intelligence in Rapid Development===&lt;br /&gt;
At the Dartmouth Conference in 1956, the word &amp;quot;artificial intelligence&amp;quot; appeared in the human world for the first time. In the past 65 years, with the in-depth study of science, artificial intelligence seems to have come out of the original science fiction movies and science fictions, and is closer to human daily life step by step. Nowadays, autopilot, machine translation, chess and E-sports robots, AI synthetic anchor, AI generated portrait and so on have been realized and widely known. Artificial intelligence has also moved from logical intelligence and computational intelligence to today's cognitive intelligence. &lt;br /&gt;
====1.1 The Development of Language Intelligence====&lt;br /&gt;
According to academician Tan Tieniu, &amp;quot;Artificial intelligence is a technical science that studies and develops theories, methods, technologies and application systems that can simulate, extend and expand human intelligence. Its purpose is to enable intelligent machines to listen, see, speak, think, learn and act, that is, they have the following capabilities——speech recognition and machine translation, image and character recognition, speech synthesis and man-machine dialogue, man-machine games and theorems proving, machine learning and knowledge representation, autopilot and so on. So, from these purposes we can see that language plays a vital role in AI. In order to imitate human intelligence, an advanced form of artificial intelligence is to analyze and process human language by using computer and information technology. We call it &amp;quot;language intelligence&amp;quot;. Language intelligence is not only the core part of artificial intelligence, but also an important basis and means of human-computer interaction cognition, whose development will contribute to the whole process of AI and further to let AI technologies to practice. Therefore, it is known as the Pearl on the crown of artificial intelligence. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The concept of “language intelligence” was proposed in 2013 at Beijing Academic Forum on Language Intelligence. However, as mentioned above, its research direction in the computer field has always been called natural language processing (NLP). Its history is almost as long as computer and artificial intelligence. After the emergence of computer, there has been the research of artificial intelligence. Natural language processing generally includes two parts: natural language understanding and natural language generation. The early research of artificial intelligence has involved machine translation and natural language understanding, which is basically divided into three stages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first stage is from 1960s to 1980s. In this period, the common method is to establish vocabulary, syntactic and semantic analysis, question and answer, chat and machine translation systems based on rules. The advantage is that rules can make use of human’s own knowledge instead of relying on data, and can start quickly; The problem is on its insufficient coverage, and its rule management and scalability have not been solved. &lt;br /&gt;
The second stage starts from 1990s. At this time, statistics-based machine learning (ML) has become popular, and many NLP began to use statistics-based methods. The main idea is to use labeled data to establish a machine learning system based on manually defined features, and to use the data to determine the parameters of the machine learning system through learning. At runtime, by using these learned parameters, the input data is decoded and output. Machine translation and search engines just make use of statistical methods and get success. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The third stage is after 2008, when deep learning functions in voice and image. Subsequently, NLP researchers begin to turn to deep learning. First, they use deep learning for feature calculation or establish a new feature, and then experience the effect under the original statistical learning framework. For example, search engines add in-depth learning to calculate the similarity between search words and documents to improve the relevance of search. Since 2014, people have tried to conduct end-to-end training directly through deep learning modeling. At present, progress has been made in the fields of machine translation, question and answer, reading comprehension and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2 The Research on Machine Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. Chapter 2 Interdisciplinarity in Irresistible Trend===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====2.1 The Construction of New Liberal Arts====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====2.1 The Current Status of New Liberal Arts====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Chapter 3 Language Service Industry with Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====3.1 Translation Mode of Man-machine Cooperation====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====3.2 Translators with More Professional and Diversified Career Path====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.2.1 The Improvement of Tranlation Ability&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.2.2 The Combination with Other Field&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=9 谢佳芬（人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of information technology, many industries are facing the competitive pressure of artificial intelligence, and so is the field of translation. Artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and combined with the field of translation，which has brought great impact and changes to traditional translation, but artificial intelligence translation and artificial translation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Artificial translation is in the leading position in adapting to human language logical habits and understanding characteristics, but in terms of translation threshold and economic value, the efficiency of artificial intelligence translation is even better. In a word, we need to know that machine translation and human translation are complementary rather than antagonistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Artificial Translation; Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
伴随着信息技术的不断发展，多个行业面临着人工智能的竞争压力，翻译领域也是如此。人工智能技术快速发展并与翻译领域结合，人工智能翻译给传统翻译带来了巨大的冲击和变革，但人工智能翻译与人工翻译存在着各自的优劣特点和发展空间，在适应人类语言逻辑习惯和理解特点的翻译效果上，人工翻译处于领先地位，但在翻译门槛和经济价值上，人工智能翻译的效率则更胜一筹。总的来说，我们要知道机器翻译与人工翻译是互补而非对立的关系。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译;人工翻译;人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
====1.1 The History of Machine Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
The research history of machine translation can be traced back to the 1930s and 1940s. In the early 1930s, the French scientist G.B. Alchuni put forward the idea of using machines for translation. In 1933, the Soviet inventor Troyansky designed a machine to translate one language into another. [1]In 1946, the world's first modern electronic computer ENIAC was born. Soon after, American scientist Warren Weaver, a pioneer of information theory, put forward the idea of automatic language translation by computer in 1947. In 1949, Warren Weaver published a memorandum entitled Translation, which formally raised the issue of machine translation. In 1954, Georgetown University, with the cooperation of IBM, completed the English-Russian machine translation experiment with IBM-701 computer for the first time, which opened the prelude of machine translation research. [2] In 2006, Google translation was officially released as a free service software, bringing a big upsurge of statistical machine translation research. It was Franz Och who joined Google in 2004 and led Google translation. What’s more, it is precisely because of the unremitting efforts of generations of scientists that science fiction has been brought into reality step by step.&lt;br /&gt;
 According to the working principle, machine translation has roughly experienced three stages: rule-based machine translation, statistics-based machine translation and deep learning based neural machine translation. [3] These three stages witnessed a leap in the quality of machine translation. Machine translation is more and more used in daily life and even the translation of some texts is almost comparable to artificial translation. In addition to text translation, voice translation, photo translation and other functions have also been listed, which provides great convenience for people's life. It is undeniable that machine translation has become the development trend of translation in the future.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2 The Status Quo of Machine Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
 In this big data era of information explosion, the prospect of machine translation is also bright. At present, the circular neural network system launched by Google has supported universal translation in more than 60 languages. Many Internet companies such as Microsoft Bing, Sogou, Tencent, Baidu and NetEase Youdao have also launched their own Internet free machine translation systems. [3] Users can obtain translation results free of charge by logging in to the corresponding websites. At present, the circular neural network translation system launched by Google can support real-time translation of more than 60 languages, and the domestic Baidu online machine translation system can also support real-time translation of 28 languages. These Internet online machine translation systems are suitable for a variety of terminal platforms such as mobile phone, PC, tablet and web and its functions are also quite diverse, supporting many translation forms, such as screen word selection, text scanning translation, photo translation, offline translation, web page translation and so on. Although its translation quality needs to be improved, it has been outstanding in the fields of daily dialogue, news translation and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
 Generally speaking, machine translation has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, accurate term translation and great development potential and etc. Machine translation is fast and efficient, this is something that artificial translation can’t catch up with. In addition, with the continuous emergence of all kinds of translation software in the market, compared with artificial translation, machine translation is cheap and sometimes even free, which greatly saves the economic cost and time for users with low translation quality requirements. What's more, compared with artificial translation, machine translation has a huge corpus, which makes the translation of some terms, especially the latest scientific and technological terms, more rapid and accurate. The accurate translation of these terms requires the translator to constantly learn, but learning needs a process, which has a certain test on the translator's learning ability and learning speed. In this regard, artificial translation has uncertainty and hysteretic nature. At the same time, with the progress of science and technology and the development of society, the function of machine translation will be more perfect and the quality of translation will be better.&lt;br /&gt;
 At the same time, machine translation also has its limitations. At first, machine can only operate word to word translation, which only plays the function and role of dictionary. Then, the application of syntax enables the process of sentence translation and it can be solved by using the direct translation method. When the original text and the target language are highly similar, it can be translated directly. For example, the original text &amp;quot;他是个老师.&amp;quot; The target language is &amp;quot;he is a teacher &amp;quot;. With the increase of the structural complexity of the original text, the effect of machine translation is greatly reduced. Therefore, at the syntactic level, machine translation still stays in sentences with relatively simple structure. Meanwhile, the original text and the results of machine translation cannot be interchanged equally, indicating that English-Chinese translation has strong randomness, and is not rigorous and scientific enough. &lt;br /&gt;
Besides, machine translation is not culturally sensitive. Human may never be able to program machines to understand and experience a particular culture. Different cultures have unique and different language systems, and machines do not have complexity to understand or recognize slang, jargon, puns and idioms. Therefore, their translation may not conform to cultural values and specific norms. This is also one of the challenges that the machine needs to overcome.[4] Artificial intelligence may have human abstract thinking ability in the future, but it is difficult to have image thinking ability including imagination and emotion. [5] Therefore, machine translation is often used in news, science and technology, patents, specifications and other text fields with the purpose of fact description, knowledge and information transmission. These words rarely involve emotional and cultural background. When translating expressive texts, the limitations of machine translation are exposed. The so-called expressive text refers to the text that pays attention to emotional expression and is full of imagination. Its main characteristics are subjectivity, emotion and imagination, such as novels, poetry, prose, art and so on. This kind of text attaches importance to the emotional expression of the author or character image, and uses a lot of metaphors, symbols and other expressions. Machine translation is difficult to catch up with artificial translation in this kind of text, it can only translate the main idea, lack of connotation and literary grace and it cannot have subjective feelings and rational analysis like human beings. In fact, it is not difficult to simulate the human brain, the difficulty is that it is impossible to learn from the rich social experience and life experience of excellent translators. In other words, machine translation lacks the personalization and creativity of human translation. It is this personalization and creativity that promote the development and evolution of language, and what machine translation can only output is mechanical &amp;quot;machine language&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.The Irreplaceability of Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Discussion on the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.  Suggestions on the Combined Development of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=10 熊敏(Research on the English Chinese Translation Ability of Machine Translation for Various Types of Texts)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_10]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the rapid development of information technology,machine translation technology emerged and is gradually becoming mature.In order to explore the ability of machine translation, I adopts two versions of translation, which are manual translation and machine translation(this paper uses Youdao translation) for different types of texts(according to Peter Newmark's types of text). The results are quite different in terms of quality and accuracy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
machine translation; manual translation; Newmark's type of texts&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
Research on the English Chinese Translation Ability of Machine Translation for Various Types of Texts&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
随着信息技术的高速发展，机器翻译技术出现了，并且逐渐成熟。为了探究机器翻译的能力水平，本人根据纽马克的文本类型分类，选择了相应的译文类型，并且将其机器翻译的版本以及人工翻译的版本进行对比。就质量和准确度而言，译文的水平大相径庭。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译；人工翻译；纽马克文本类型&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
====1.1.Introduction to machine translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation, also known as computer translation is a technique to translating through machine translator, such as Google translation and Youdao translation. Machine translation is one of the branches of computational linguistics, ranging from computer science, statistics, information science and so on. Machine translation plays an important role in all aspects.&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation can be traced back to 1940s, when British engineer Booth and American engineer Weaver proposed using computer to translate and started to study machines used for translation. However in the 1960s, reports from ALPAC (Automated Language Processing Advisory Committee) showed studies on machine translation had stagnated for a decade. In the 1970s, with the advancement of computer, machine translation was back to track. In the last decades, machine translation has mainly developed into four stages: rule-based machine translation, statistic machine translation, example-based machine translation and neural machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2.Process of machine translation====&lt;br /&gt;
The process of manual translation is different from that of machine translation. Here is the process of the former. (1) Understand source language. (2) Use target language to organize language. (3) Generate translation. Unlike manual translation, machine translation tends to analyze and code source language first, then look for related codes in corpus, and work out the code that represents target language, generating translation. But they share a common feature, which is that Lexicon, grammatical rules and syntactic structure are taken into consideration. This is one of the biggest challenges for machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.Newmark’s type of texts===&lt;br /&gt;
Peter Newmark divided texts into informative type, expressive text and vocative type according to the linguistic functions of various texts. &lt;br /&gt;
====2.11Informative text====&lt;br /&gt;
The core of the informative texts is the truth. It is to convey facts, information, knowledge and the like. The language style of the text is objective and logical. Reports, papers, scientific and technological textbooks are all attributed to informative texts.&lt;br /&gt;
====2.2Expressive text====&lt;br /&gt;
The core of the expressive text is the emotion. It is to express preferences, feelings, views and so on. The language style of it is subjective. Literary works, including fictions, poems and drama, autobiography and authoritative statements belong to expressive text.&lt;br /&gt;
====2.3Vocative text====&lt;br /&gt;
The core of the vocative text is readership. It is to call upon readers to act in the way intended by the text. So it is reader-oriented. Such texts advertisement, propaganda and notices are of vocative text.&lt;br /&gt;
====2.4Study Method====&lt;br /&gt;
Manual translations of the three texts are selected from authoritative versions and universally acknowledged. And machine translations of those come from Youdao Translator. And in this thesis I will compare and evaluate the two methods in word diction, sentence structure, word order and redundancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===4.  ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=11 陈惠妮=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_11]]&lt;br /&gt;
=12 蔡珠凤=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_12]]&lt;br /&gt;
=13 陈湘琼Chen Xiangqiong（Study on Post-editing from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory ）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_13]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of technology，machine translation methods are changing. From rule-based methods to corpus-based methods，and then to neural network translation，every time machine translation become more precise, which means it is not impossible the complete  replacement of human translation by machine translation. But machine translation still faces many problems until today such as : fail to translate special terms, incapable to set the right sentence order, unable to understand content and culture background etc. All of these need to be checked out and modified by human translator, so it can be predict that the model ''Human + Machine''  will last for a long period. This article will discuss mistakes made in machine translation and describe what translators should do in post-editing based on the skopos theory and functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
machine translation，post-editing，skopos theory，functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
基于功能对等视角探讨译后编辑问题与对策&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
随着科技的不断发展，机器翻译方法也在不断变革，从基于规则的机器翻译，到基于统计的机器翻译，再到今天基于人工神经网络的机器翻译，每一次变化都让机器翻译变得更精确，更高质。这意味着在不远的将来，机器翻译完全代替人工翻译成为一种可能。但是直至今天，机器翻译仍然面临许多的问题如：无法准确翻译术语、无法正确排列句子语序、无法分辨语境等，这些问题依然需要人工检查和修改。机器翻译自有其优点，人工翻译也有无可替代之处，所以在很长一段时间内，翻译都应该是机器+人工的运作方式。本文将基于翻译目的论和功能对等理论，对机器翻译可能出现的错误之处进行探讨，并且旨在描述译者在进行译后编辑时需要注重的方面，为广大译员提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译，译后编辑，翻译目的论，功能对等&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Machine Translation Versus Human Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. Skopos Theory and Translation Equivalent===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. The Relationship between MT and HT ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. Post-editing On Words===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. Post-editing On Sentences===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. Post-editing On Style and Culture Background===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=127168</id>
		<title>Machine translation</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=127168"/>
		<updated>2021-11-15T14:51:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 9 谢佳芬（人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译） */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=1 卫怡雯(A Comparison Between the Quality of Machine Translation and Human Translation——A Case Study of the Application of artificial intelligence in Sports Events)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Human Translation; International Sports Events；Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
论机器翻译与人工翻译的质量对比——以人工智能在体育赛事领域的应用为例&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译；人工翻译；国际体育赛事；人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.===&lt;br /&gt;
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===4.===&lt;br /&gt;
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===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
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===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=2 吴映红=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_2]]&lt;br /&gt;
=3 肖毅瑶(On the Realm Advantages And Symbiotic Development of Machine Translation And Huamn Translation)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_3]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Huamn Translation; Realm Advantages; Symbiotic Development&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
论机器翻译与人工翻译的领域优势及共生发展&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
 机器翻译自1947年问世以来不断发展，并逐渐在翻译市场发挥着举足轻重的作用，随之而至的便是人们对于机器翻译与人工翻译之间关系的思考与研究。机器翻译的应运而生给人工翻译市场带来的究竟是巨大的冲击还是无限的机遇呢？二者的关系走向将会如何，是取而代之还是并驾齐驱？译者该如何应对机器翻译的挑战？&lt;br /&gt;
    笔者认为随着科学技术的不断完善，人工翻译和机器翻译在不同的领域各自都具备一定主导地位，但机器翻译仍旧存在一定缺陷，永远不可能取代人工翻译。本文立足于机器翻译与人工翻译的不同特点，浅析二者各自的领域优势，探究其共生发展的可能性以及途径。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
人工翻译；机器翻译；领域优势；共生发展&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=4 王李菲 （Comparison Between Machine Translation of Netease and Traditional Human Translation—A Case Study of The Economist Articles)= &lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_4]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Human Translation; Contrastive Analysis&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
有道神经网络机器翻译与传统人工翻译的译文对比——以经济学人语料为例&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
人工翻译；机器翻译；对比分析&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=5 杨柳青=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_5]]&lt;br /&gt;
=6 徐敏赟(Machine Translation Based on Neural Network --Challenge or Chance)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_6]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the acceleration of economic globalization, there is a growing demand for translation services. In recent years, with the rapid development of neural networks and deep learning, the quality of machine translation has been significantly improved. Compared with human translation, machine translation has the advantages of low cost and high speed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Neural machine translation brings both convenience and pressure to translators. Based on the principles of neural machine translation, this paper will objectively analyze the advantages and disadvantages of neural machine translation, and discuss whether neural machine translation is a chance or a challenge for human translators.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Neural network; Deep learning; Machine translation; human translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
基于神经网络的机器翻译 --机遇还是挑战？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
随着经济全球化进程的加速，人们对翻译服务的需求也越来越大。近些年来，神经网络和深度学习等技术得到快速发展，机器翻译的质量得到了显著提高，较人工翻译来讲有着成本低，速度快等优势。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
基于神经网络的机器翻译给翻译工作者带来便捷的同时，同时也给翻译工作者们带来了一定的压力。本文将会从神经机器翻译的原理出发，客观分析基于神经网络的机器翻译中存在的一些优势与劣势，并以此来探讨机器翻译对于翻译工作者来说到底是机遇还是挑战这一问题。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
神经网络；深度学习；机器翻译；人工翻译；&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1.Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation, (Li Mu, Liu Shujie, Zhang Dongdong, Zhou Ming 2018, 2) a branch of Natural Language Processing (NLP), refers to the process of using a machine to automatically translate a natural language (source language) sentence into another language (target language) sentence. The natural language here refers to human language used daily (such as English, Chinese, Japanese, etc.), which is different from languages created by humans for specific purposes (such as computer programming languages).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to statistics, there are about 5600 human languages in existence. In China, as we are a big family composed of 56 ethnic groups, some ethnic minorities also have their own languages and scripts. In other countries, due to the history of colonization, these countries usually have multiple official languages, so some official documents usually need to be written in more than two languages. In the context of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative, communication among different languages has become an important part of building a community with a shared future for mankind. Therefore, the application of machine translation technology can help promote national unity, communication between different languages and cross-cultural communication.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the latest machine translation method, neural machine translation, has advantages such as speed and low cost, machine translation is still far from being as effective as human translation. Li Yao (Li Yao 2021, 39) selects Chronicle of a Blood Merchant translated by Andrew F. Jones, a classic work of Yu Hua, and the versions of Baidu Translation, Youdao Translation and Google Translation as corpus to conduct a comparative study on translation quality. Starting from the development of machine translation, Jin Wenlu (Jin Wenlu 2019, 82) analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of machine translation and manual translation, discussed the question of whether machine translation can replace human translation. In order to further explore the impact of machine translation on translators, this paper will take neural machine translation - the latest machine translation as an example to discuss whether machine translation is a chance or a challenge for translators.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.Comparison of different machine translation methods===&lt;br /&gt;
Actually, the development of Machine Translation methods is going through four stages: rule-based methods, instance-based methods, statistical machine translation and neural machine translation. At present, thanks to the application of deep learning methods, neural machine translation has become the mainstream. Compared with statistical machine translation, neural machine translation has the following advantages:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1) End-to-end learning does not rely on too many prior assumptions. In the era of statistical machine translation, model design makes more or less assumptions about the process of translation. Phrase-based models, for example, assume that both source and target languages are sliced into sequences of phrases, with some alignment between them. This hypothesis has both advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, it draws lessons from the relevant concepts of linguistics and helps to integrate the model into human prior knowledge. On the other hand, the more assumptions, the more constrained the model. If the assumptions are correct, the model can describe the problem well. But if the assumptions are wrong, the model can be biased. Deep learning does not rely on prior knowledge, nor does it require manual design of features. The model learns directly from the mapping of input and output (end-to-end learning), which also avoids possible deviations caused by assumptions to a certain extent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2) The continuous space model of neural network has better representation ability. A basic problem in machine translation is how to represent a sentence. Statistical machine translation regards the process of sentence generation as the derivation of phrases or rules, which is essentially a symbol system in discrete space. Deep learning transforms traditional discrete-based representations into representations of continuous space. For example, a distributed representation of the space of real numbers replaces the discrete lexical representation, and the entire sentence can be described as a vector of real numbers. Therefore, the translation problem can be described in continuous space, which greatly alleviates the dimension disaster of traditional discrete space model. More importantly, continuous space model can be optimized by gradient descent and other methods, which has good mathematical properties and is easy to implement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=7 颜莉莉(一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_7]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
In the era of artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence has been applied to various fields. In the field of translation, traditional translation models can no longer meet the rapid development and updating of the information age. The development of machine translation has brought structural changes to the language service industry, which poses challenges to the cultivation of translation talents. Under the background of &amp;quot;The Belt and Road initiative&amp;quot;, translation talents have higher and higher requirements on translation literacy. Artificial intelligence and translation technology are used to reform the training mode of translation talents, so as to better serve the development of The Times. This paper mainly explores the cultivation of artificial intelligence and translation talents under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative. The cultivation of translation talents is moving towards comprehensive cultivation of talents. On the contrary, artificial intelligence and machine translation can also be used to improve the teaching mode and teaching content, so as to win together in cooperation.&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Artificial intelligence,Machine translation,cultivation of translation talents,&amp;quot;The Belt and Road initiative&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
进入人工智能时代，人工智能被应用于各个领域。在翻译领域，传统的翻译模式已无法满足信息化时代的飞速发展和更新，机器翻译的发展给语言服务行业带来了结构性改变，这对翻译人才的培养提出了挑战。“一带一路”背景下，对翻译人才的翻译素养要求越来越高，利用人工智能和翻译技术对翻译人才培养模式进行革新，更好为时代发展服务。本文主要探究在一带一路背景下人工智能和翻译人才培养，翻译人才的培养过程中正向对人才的综合性培养，反之也可以利用人工智能和机器翻译完善教学模式和教学内容，在合作中共赢。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能；机器翻译；翻译人才培养；一带一路&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of science and technology in China, artificial intelligence has also been greatly improved, and related technologies have been applied to various fields, such as the use of intelligent robots to deliver food to quarantined people during the epidemic, which has made people's lives more convenient. The most controversial and widely discussed issue is machine translation. Before the emergence of machine translation, translation was generally dominated by human translation, including translation and interpretation, which was divided into simultaneous interpretation and hand transmission, etc. It takes a lot of time and energy to cultivate a translation talent. However, nowadays, the era is developing rapidly and information is updated rapidly. As a translation talent, it is necessary to constantly update its knowledge reserve to keep up with the pace of The Times. The emergence of machine translation has also posed challenges to translation talents and the training of translation talents. Although machine translation had some problems in the early stage, it is now constantly improving its functions. In the context of the belt and Road Initiative, both machine translation and human translation are facing difficulties. Regardless of whether human translation is still needed, what is more important at present is how to train translators to adapt to difficulties and promote the cooperation between human translation and machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.Development status of machine translation in the era of artificial intelligence ===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of AI technology, machine translation has made great progress and has been applied to people's lives. For example, more and more tourists choose to download translation software when traveling abroad, which makes machine translation take an absolute advantage in daily email reply and other translation activities that do not require high accuracy. The translation software commonly used by netizens include Google Translation, Baidu Translation, Youdao Translation, IFly.com Translation, etc. Even wechat and other chat software can also carry out instant Translation into English. Some companies have also launched translation pens, translation machines and other equipment, which enables even native speakers to rely on machine translation to carry out basic communication with other Chinese people.&lt;br /&gt;
But so far, machine translation still faces huge problems. Although machine translation has made great progress, it is highly dependent on corpus and other big data matching. It does not reach the thinking level of human brain, and cannot deal with the problem of translation differences caused by culture and religion. In addition, many minor languages cannot be translated by machine due to lack of corpus.&lt;br /&gt;
What's more, most of the corpus is about developed countries such as Britain and France, and most of the corpus is about diplomacy, politics, science and technology, etc., while there are very few about nationality, culture, religion, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
In addition, machine translation can only be used for daily communication at present. If it involves important occasions such as large conferences and international affairs, it is impossible to risk using machine translation for translation work. Professional translators are required to carry out translation work. So machine translation still has a long way to go.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.Challenges in the training of translation talents in universities===&lt;br /&gt;
The cultivation of translators is targeted at the market. Professors Zhu Yifan and Guan Xinchao from the School of Foreign Languages at Shanghai Jiao Tong University believe that the cultivation of translators can be divided into four types: high-end translators and interpreters, senior translators and researchers, compound translators and applied translators.&lt;br /&gt;
From their names, it can be seen that high-end translators and interpreters and senior translators and researchers talents have high requirements on the knowledge and quality of interpreters, because they have to face the changing international situation, and have to deal with all kinds of sensitive relations and political related content, they should have flexible cross-cultural communication skills. In addition, for literature, sociology and humanities academic works, it is not only necessary to translate their content, but also to understand their essence. Therefore, translators should not only have humanistic feelings, but also need to have a deep understanding of Chinese and western culture.&lt;br /&gt;
However, there is not much demand for this kind of translation in the society. Such high-level translation requirements are not needed in daily life and work. The greatest demand is for compound translators, which means that they should master knowledge in a specific field while mastering a foreign language. For example, compound translators in the financial field should not only be good at foreign languages, but also master financial knowledge, including professional terms, special expressions and sentence patterns.&lt;br /&gt;
Now we say that machine translation can replace human translation should refer to the field of compound translation talents. Although AI technology has enabled machine translation to participate in creation, it does not mean that compound translation talents will be replaced by machines. The complexity of language and the flexible cross-cultural awareness required in communication make it impossible for machine translation to completely replace human translation.&lt;br /&gt;
The last type of applied translation talents are mostly involved in the general text without too much technical content and few professional terms, so it is easy to be replaced by machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
Therefore, the author thinks that what universities are facing at present is not only how to train translation talents to cope with the development of machine translation, but to consider the application of machine translation in the process of training translation talents to achieve human-machine integration, so as to better complete the translation work.&lt;br /&gt;
===4.一带一路语言环境和人才需要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.在机器翻译视域下如何培养翻译人才 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.1 对翻译人才的素养要求 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.2 利用人工智能进行翻译实践活动===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.3 大数据、术语库和语料库的应用===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.2 针对一带一路的机器翻译与翻译人才的合作===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=8 颜静(On Machine Translation Under Lanuguage Intelligence——An Option and Opportunity for Human Translators)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_8]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
Nowadays the artificial intelligence is sweeping the world, however, the traditional language research and language service industry is facing new challenges.  This paper attempts to comb and analyze the development process of language intelligence in artificial intelligence and the development status of language industry under the background of information age to interpret the feasibility of liberal arts translators to engage in machine translation research and necessity to apply machine translation, thus to provide an option for human translators in information age to develop.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
New Libral Arts; Language Intelligence; Machine Translation; Interdisciplinarity&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
论语言智能之机器翻译——我们的选择和未来&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
当今人工智能的热潮席卷全球，而传统的语言研究和语言服务行业却面临着新的挑战。本文通过梳理分析人工智能中语言智能领域的发展历程和信息时代背景下语言行业的发展现状，对文科译者从事机器翻译研究的可行性和应用机器翻译的必要性进行阐述，为信息时代译者的发展路径提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
新文科；语言智能；机器翻译；学科交叉&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
Obviously, we are now in an era of &amp;quot;explosion&amp;quot; of information and knowledge, which makes us have to find ways to deal with it quickly. Language is the manifestation of information, and the tool that can deal with language with complicated information is just computer. It happens that human beings do not have a special organ to perceive language, but carry the image and sound symbols of language through visual and auditory perception, and then form language information through brain processing and abstraction. Therefore, language intelligence also belongs to the research category of &amp;quot;cognitive intelligence&amp;quot;. In view of this, computer has carried out the research on language, among which the common research fields are &amp;quot;natural language processing&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;language information processing&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Computational Linguistics&amp;quot;. These three are different, but they all have the same goal, that is, to enable computers to realize and express with language, solve language related problems and simulate human language ability. Among them, machine translation is the integration of language intelligence and technology. The comprehensive research of MT in China starts from the mid-1980s. Especially since the 1990s, a number of MT systems have been published and commercialized systems have been launched. In addition, various universities in China have also carried out MT and computational linguistics research, developed various translation experimental systems and achieved fruitful results. In the research of machine translation, it involves not only translation model and language model, but also alignment method, part of speech tagging, syntactic analysis method, translation evaluation and so on. Therefore, researchers must understand the basic knowledge of translation and be proficient in English, Chinese or other languages. Therefore, we say that compound talents with computer and language related knowledge will be more needed in the language industry or the computer field.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Chapter 1 Artificial Intelligence in Rapid Development===&lt;br /&gt;
At the Dartmouth Conference in 1956, the word &amp;quot;artificial intelligence&amp;quot; appeared in the human world for the first time. In the past 65 years, with the in-depth study of science, artificial intelligence seems to have come out of the original science fiction movies and science fictions, and is closer to human daily life step by step. Nowadays, autopilot, machine translation, chess and E-sports robots, AI synthetic anchor, AI generated portrait and so on have been realized and widely known. Artificial intelligence has also moved from logical intelligence and computational intelligence to today's cognitive intelligence. &lt;br /&gt;
====1.1 The Development of Language Intelligence====&lt;br /&gt;
According to academician Tan Tieniu, &amp;quot;Artificial intelligence is a technical science that studies and develops theories, methods, technologies and application systems that can simulate, extend and expand human intelligence. Its purpose is to enable intelligent machines to listen, see, speak, think, learn and act, that is, they have the following capabilities——speech recognition and machine translation, image and character recognition, speech synthesis and man-machine dialogue, man-machine games and theorems proving, machine learning and knowledge representation, autopilot and so on. So, from these purposes we can see that language plays a vital role in AI. In order to imitate human intelligence, an advanced form of artificial intelligence is to analyze and process human language by using computer and information technology. We call it &amp;quot;language intelligence&amp;quot;. Language intelligence is not only the core part of artificial intelligence, but also an important basis and means of human-computer interaction cognition, whose development will contribute to the whole process of AI and further to let AI technologies to practice. Therefore, it is known as the Pearl on the crown of artificial intelligence. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The concept of “language intelligence” was proposed in 2013 at Beijing Academic Forum on Language Intelligence. However, as mentioned above, its research direction in the computer field has always been called natural language processing (NLP). Its history is almost as long as computer and artificial intelligence. After the emergence of computer, there has been the research of artificial intelligence. Natural language processing generally includes two parts: natural language understanding and natural language generation. The early research of artificial intelligence has involved machine translation and natural language understanding, which is basically divided into three stages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first stage is from 1960s to 1980s. In this period, the common method is to establish vocabulary, syntactic and semantic analysis, question and answer, chat and machine translation systems based on rules. The advantage is that rules can make use of human’s own knowledge instead of relying on data, and can start quickly; The problem is on its insufficient coverage, and its rule management and scalability have not been solved. &lt;br /&gt;
The second stage starts from 1990s. At this time, statistics-based machine learning (ML) has become popular, and many NLP began to use statistics-based methods. The main idea is to use labeled data to establish a machine learning system based on manually defined features, and to use the data to determine the parameters of the machine learning system through learning. At runtime, by using these learned parameters, the input data is decoded and output. Machine translation and search engines just make use of statistical methods and get success. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The third stage is after 2008, when deep learning functions in voice and image. Subsequently, NLP researchers begin to turn to deep learning. First, they use deep learning for feature calculation or establish a new feature, and then experience the effect under the original statistical learning framework. For example, search engines add in-depth learning to calculate the similarity between search words and documents to improve the relevance of search. Since 2014, people have tried to conduct end-to-end training directly through deep learning modeling. At present, progress has been made in the fields of machine translation, question and answer, reading comprehension and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2 The Research on Machine Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. Chapter 2 Interdisciplinarity in Irresistible Trend===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====2.1 The Construction of New Liberal Arts====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====2.1 The Current Status of New Liberal Arts====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Chapter 3 Language Service Industry with Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====3.1 Translation Mode of Man-machine Cooperation====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====3.2 Translators with More Professional and Diversified Career Path====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.2.1 The Improvement of Tranlation Ability&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.2.2 The Combination with Other Field&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=9 谢佳芬（人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of information technology, many industries are facing the competitive pressure of artificial intelligence, and so is the field of translation. Artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and combined with the field of translation，which has brought great impact and changes to traditional translation, but artificial intelligence translation and artificial translation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Artificial translation is in the leading position in adapting to human language logical habits and understanding characteristics, but in terms of translation threshold and economic value, the efficiency of artificial intelligence translation is even better. In a word, we need to know that machine translation and human translation are complementary rather than antagonistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Artificial Translation; Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
伴随着信息技术的不断发展，多个行业面临着人工智能的竞争压力，翻译领域也是如此。人工智能技术快速发展并与翻译领域结合，人工智能翻译给传统翻译带来了巨大的冲击和变革，但人工智能翻译与人工翻译存在着各自的优劣特点和发展空间，在适应人类语言逻辑习惯和理解特点的翻译效果上，人工翻译处于领先地位，但在翻译门槛和经济价值上，人工智能翻译的效率则更胜一筹。总的来说，我们要知道机器翻译与人工翻译是互补而非对立的关系。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译;人工翻译;人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
====1.1 The History of Machine Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
 The research history of machine translation can be traced back to the 1930s and 1940s. In the early 1930s, the French scientist G.B. Alchuni put forward the idea of using machines for translation. In 1933, the Soviet inventor Troyansky designed a machine to translate one language into another. [1]In 1946, the world's first modern electronic computer ENIAC was born. Soon after, American scientist Warren Weaver, a pioneer of information theory, put forward the idea of automatic language translation by computer in 1947. In 1949, Warren Weaver published a memorandum entitled Translation, which formally raised the issue of machine translation. In 1954, Georgetown University, with the cooperation of IBM, completed the English-Russian machine translation experiment with IBM-701 computer for the first time, which opened the prelude of machine translation research. [2] In 2006, Google translation was officially released as a free service software, bringing a big upsurge of statistical machine translation research. It was Franz Och who joined Google in 2004 and led Google translation. What’s more, it is precisely because of the unremitting efforts of generations of scientists that science fiction has been brought into reality step by step.&lt;br /&gt;
  According to the working principle, machine translation has roughly experienced three stages: rule-based machine translation, statistics-based machine translation and deep learning based neural machine translation. [3] These three stages witnessed a leap in the quality of machine translation. Machine translation is more and more used in daily life and even the translation of some texts is almost comparable to artificial translation. In addition to text translation, voice translation, photo translation and other functions have also been listed, which provides great convenience for people's life. It is undeniable that machine translation has become the development trend of translation in the future.&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2 The Status Quo of Machine Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
  In this big data era of information explosion, the prospect of machine translation is also bright. At present, the circular neural network system launched by Google has supported universal translation in more than 60 languages. Many Internet companies such as Microsoft Bing, Sogou, Tencent, Baidu and NetEase Youdao have also launched their own Internet free machine translation systems. [3] Users can obtain translation results free of charge by logging in to the corresponding websites. At present, the circular neural network translation system launched by Google can support real-time translation of more than 60 languages, and the domestic Baidu online machine translation system can also support real-time translation of 28 languages. These Internet online machine translation systems are suitable for a variety of terminal platforms such as mobile phone, PC, tablet and web and its functions are also quite diverse, supporting many translation forms, such as screen word selection, text scanning translation, photo translation, offline translation, web page translation and so on. Although its translation quality needs to be improved, it has been outstanding in the fields of daily dialogue, news translation and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
  Generally speaking, machine translation has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, accurate term translation and great development potential and etc. Machine translation is fast and efficient, this is something that artificial translation can’t catch up with. In addition, with the continuous emergence of all kinds of translation software in the market, compared with artificial translation, machine translation is cheap and sometimes even free, which greatly saves the economic cost and time for users with low translation quality requirements. What's more, compared with artificial translation, machine translation has a huge corpus, which makes the translation of some terms, especially the latest scientific and technological terms, more rapid and accurate. The accurate translation of these terms requires the translator to constantly learn, but learning needs a process, which has a certain test on the translator's learning ability and learning speed. In this regard, artificial translation has uncertainty and hysteretic nature. At the same time, with the progress of science and technology and the development of society, the function of machine translation will be more perfect and the quality of translation will be better.&lt;br /&gt;
  At the same time, machine translation also has its limitations. At first, machine can only operate word to word translation, which only plays the function and role of dictionary. Then, the application of syntax enables the process of sentence translation and it can be solved by using the direct translation method. When the original text and the target language are highly similar, it can be translated directly. For example, the original text &amp;quot;他是个老师.&amp;quot; The target language is &amp;quot;he is a teacher &amp;quot;. With the increase of the structural complexity of the original text, the effect of machine translation is greatly reduced. Therefore, at the syntactic level, machine translation still stays in sentences with relatively simple structure. Meanwhile, the original text and the results of machine translation cannot be interchanged equally, indicating that English-Chinese translation has strong randomness, and is not rigorous and scientific enough. &lt;br /&gt;
Besides, machine translation is not culturally sensitive. Human may never be able to program machines to understand and experience a particular culture. Different cultures have unique and different language systems, and machines do not have complexity to understand or recognize slang, jargon, puns and idioms. Therefore, their translation may not conform to cultural values and specific norms. This is also one of the challenges that the machine needs to overcome.[4] Artificial intelligence may have human abstract thinking ability in the future, but it is difficult to have image thinking ability including imagination and emotion. [5] Therefore, machine translation is often used in news, science and technology, patents, specifications and other text fields with the purpose of fact description, knowledge and information transmission. These words rarely involve emotional and cultural background. When translating expressive texts, the limitations of machine translation are exposed. The so-called expressive text refers to the text that pays attention to emotional expression and is full of imagination. Its main characteristics are subjectivity, emotion and imagination, such as novels, poetry, prose, art and so on. This kind of text attaches importance to the emotional expression of the author or character image, and uses a lot of metaphors, symbols and other expressions. Machine translation is difficult to catch up with artificial translation in this kind of text, it can only translate the main idea, lack of connotation and literary grace and it cannot have subjective feelings and rational analysis like human beings. In fact, it is not difficult to simulate the human brain, the difficulty is that it is impossible to learn from the rich social experience and life experience of excellent translators. In other words, machine translation lacks the personalization and creativity of human translation. It is this personalization and creativity that promote the development and evolution of language, and what machine translation can only output is mechanical &amp;quot;machine language&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.The Irreplaceability of Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Discussion on the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.  Suggestions on the Combined Development of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=10 熊敏(Research on the English Chinese Translation Ability of Machine Translation for Various Types of Texts)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_10]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the rapid development of information technology,machine translation technology emerged and is gradually becoming mature.In order to explore the ability of machine translation, I adopts two versions of translation, which are manual translation and machine translation(this paper uses Youdao translation) for different types of texts(according to Peter Newmark's types of text). The results are quite different in terms of quality and accuracy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
machine translation; manual translation; Newmark's type of texts&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
Research on the English Chinese Translation Ability of Machine Translation for Various Types of Texts&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
随着信息技术的高速发展，机器翻译技术出现了，并且逐渐成熟。为了探究机器翻译的能力水平，本人根据纽马克的文本类型分类，选择了相应的译文类型，并且将其机器翻译的版本以及人工翻译的版本进行对比。就质量和准确度而言，译文的水平大相径庭。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译；人工翻译；纽马克文本类型&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
====1.1.Introduction to machine translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation, also known as computer translation is a technique to translating through machine translator, such as Google translation and Youdao translation. Machine translation is one of the branches of computational linguistics, ranging from computer science, statistics, information science and so on. Machine translation plays an important role in all aspects.&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation can be traced back to 1940s, when British engineer Booth and American engineer Weaver proposed using computer to translate and started to study machines used for translation. However in the 1960s, reports from ALPAC (Automated Language Processing Advisory Committee) showed studies on machine translation had stagnated for a decade. In the 1970s, with the advancement of computer, machine translation was back to track. In the last decades, machine translation has mainly developed into four stages: rule-based machine translation, statistic machine translation, example-based machine translation and neural machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2.Process of machine translation====&lt;br /&gt;
The process of manual translation is different from that of machine translation. Here is the process of the former. (1) Understand source language. (2) Use target language to organize language. (3) Generate translation. Unlike manual translation, machine translation tends to analyze and code source language first, then look for related codes in corpus, and work out the code that represents target language, generating translation. But they share a common feature, which is that Lexicon, grammatical rules and syntactic structure are taken into consideration. This is one of the biggest challenges for machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.Newmark’s type of texts===&lt;br /&gt;
Peter Newmark divided texts into informative type, expressive text and vocative type according to the linguistic functions of various texts. &lt;br /&gt;
====2.11Informative text====&lt;br /&gt;
The core of the informative texts is the truth. It is to convey facts, information, knowledge and the like. The language style of the text is objective and logical. Reports, papers, scientific and technological textbooks are all attributed to informative texts.&lt;br /&gt;
====2.2Expressive text====&lt;br /&gt;
The core of the expressive text is the emotion. It is to express preferences, feelings, views and so on. The language style of it is subjective. Literary works, including fictions, poems and drama, autobiography and authoritative statements belong to expressive text.&lt;br /&gt;
====2.3Vocative text====&lt;br /&gt;
The core of the vocative text is readership. It is to call upon readers to act in the way intended by the text. So it is reader-oriented. Such texts advertisement, propaganda and notices are of vocative text.&lt;br /&gt;
====2.4Study Method====&lt;br /&gt;
Manual translations of the three texts are selected from authoritative versions and universally acknowledged. And machine translations of those come from Youdao Translator. And in this thesis I will compare and evaluate the two methods in word diction, sentence structure, word order and redundancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.  ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=11 陈惠妮=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_11]]&lt;br /&gt;
=12 蔡珠凤=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_12]]&lt;br /&gt;
=13 陈湘琼Chen Xiangqiong（Study on Post-editing from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory ）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_13]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of technology，machine translation methods are changing. From rule-based methods to corpus-based methods，and then to neural network translation，every time machine translation become more precise, which means it is not impossible the complete  replacement of human translation by machine translation. But machine translation still faces many problems until today such as : fail to translate special terms, incapable to set the right sentence order, unable to understand content and culture background etc. All of these need to be checked out and modified by human translator, so it can be predict that the model ''Human + Machine''  will last for a long period. This article will discuss mistakes made in machine translation and describe what translators should do in post-editing based on the skopos theory and functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
machine translation，post-editing，skopos theory，functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
基于功能对等视角探讨译后编辑问题与对策&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
随着科技的不断发展，机器翻译方法也在不断变革，从基于规则的机器翻译，到基于统计的机器翻译，再到今天基于人工神经网络的机器翻译，每一次变化都让机器翻译变得更精确，更高质。这意味着在不远的将来，机器翻译完全代替人工翻译成为一种可能。但是直至今天，机器翻译仍然面临许多的问题如：无法准确翻译术语、无法正确排列句子语序、无法分辨语境等，这些问题依然需要人工检查和修改。机器翻译自有其优点，人工翻译也有无可替代之处，所以在很长一段时间内，翻译都应该是机器+人工的运作方式。本文将基于翻译目的论和功能对等理论，对机器翻译可能出现的错误之处进行探讨，并且旨在描述译者在进行译后编辑时需要注重的方面，为广大译员提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译，译后编辑，翻译目的论，功能对等&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Machine Translation Versus Human Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. Skopos Theory and Translation Equivalent===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. The Relationship between MT and HT ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. Post-editing On Words===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. Post-editing On Sentences===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. Post-editing On Style and Culture Background===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=127167</id>
		<title>Machine translation</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=127167"/>
		<updated>2021-11-15T14:48:02Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 9 谢佳芬（人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译） */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
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30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
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=1 卫怡雯(A Comparison Between the Quality of Machine Translation and Human Translation——A Case Study of the Application of artificial intelligence in Sports Events)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
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===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Human Translation; International Sports Events；Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
论机器翻译与人工翻译的质量对比——以人工智能在体育赛事领域的应用为例&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译；人工翻译；国际体育赛事；人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
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===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
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===2. ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===3.===&lt;br /&gt;
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===4.===&lt;br /&gt;
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===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
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===References===&lt;br /&gt;
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=2 吴映红=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_2]]&lt;br /&gt;
=3 肖毅瑶(On the Realm Advantages And Symbiotic Development of Machine Translation And Huamn Translation)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_3]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Huamn Translation; Realm Advantages; Symbiotic Development&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
论机器翻译与人工翻译的领域优势及共生发展&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
 机器翻译自1947年问世以来不断发展，并逐渐在翻译市场发挥着举足轻重的作用，随之而至的便是人们对于机器翻译与人工翻译之间关系的思考与研究。机器翻译的应运而生给人工翻译市场带来的究竟是巨大的冲击还是无限的机遇呢？二者的关系走向将会如何，是取而代之还是并驾齐驱？译者该如何应对机器翻译的挑战？&lt;br /&gt;
    笔者认为随着科学技术的不断完善，人工翻译和机器翻译在不同的领域各自都具备一定主导地位，但机器翻译仍旧存在一定缺陷，永远不可能取代人工翻译。本文立足于机器翻译与人工翻译的不同特点，浅析二者各自的领域优势，探究其共生发展的可能性以及途径。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
人工翻译；机器翻译；领域优势；共生发展&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
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===2. ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===3.===&lt;br /&gt;
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===4.===&lt;br /&gt;
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===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
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===References===&lt;br /&gt;
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=4 王李菲 （Comparison Between Machine Translation of Netease and Traditional Human Translation—A Case Study of The Economist Articles)= &lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_4]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Human Translation; Contrastive Analysis&lt;br /&gt;
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===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
有道神经网络机器翻译与传统人工翻译的译文对比——以经济学人语料为例&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
人工翻译；机器翻译；对比分析&lt;br /&gt;
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===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
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===2. ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===3.===&lt;br /&gt;
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===4.===&lt;br /&gt;
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===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
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===References===&lt;br /&gt;
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=5 杨柳青=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_5]]&lt;br /&gt;
=6 徐敏赟(Machine Translation Based on Neural Network --Challenge or Chance)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_6]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the acceleration of economic globalization, there is a growing demand for translation services. In recent years, with the rapid development of neural networks and deep learning, the quality of machine translation has been significantly improved. Compared with human translation, machine translation has the advantages of low cost and high speed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Neural machine translation brings both convenience and pressure to translators. Based on the principles of neural machine translation, this paper will objectively analyze the advantages and disadvantages of neural machine translation, and discuss whether neural machine translation is a chance or a challenge for human translators.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Neural network; Deep learning; Machine translation; human translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
基于神经网络的机器翻译 --机遇还是挑战？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
随着经济全球化进程的加速，人们对翻译服务的需求也越来越大。近些年来，神经网络和深度学习等技术得到快速发展，机器翻译的质量得到了显著提高，较人工翻译来讲有着成本低，速度快等优势。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
基于神经网络的机器翻译给翻译工作者带来便捷的同时，同时也给翻译工作者们带来了一定的压力。本文将会从神经机器翻译的原理出发，客观分析基于神经网络的机器翻译中存在的一些优势与劣势，并以此来探讨机器翻译对于翻译工作者来说到底是机遇还是挑战这一问题。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
神经网络；深度学习；机器翻译；人工翻译；&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1.Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation, (Li Mu, Liu Shujie, Zhang Dongdong, Zhou Ming 2018, 2) a branch of Natural Language Processing (NLP), refers to the process of using a machine to automatically translate a natural language (source language) sentence into another language (target language) sentence. The natural language here refers to human language used daily (such as English, Chinese, Japanese, etc.), which is different from languages created by humans for specific purposes (such as computer programming languages).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to statistics, there are about 5600 human languages in existence. In China, as we are a big family composed of 56 ethnic groups, some ethnic minorities also have their own languages and scripts. In other countries, due to the history of colonization, these countries usually have multiple official languages, so some official documents usually need to be written in more than two languages. In the context of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative, communication among different languages has become an important part of building a community with a shared future for mankind. Therefore, the application of machine translation technology can help promote national unity, communication between different languages and cross-cultural communication.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the latest machine translation method, neural machine translation, has advantages such as speed and low cost, machine translation is still far from being as effective as human translation. Li Yao (Li Yao 2021, 39) selects Chronicle of a Blood Merchant translated by Andrew F. Jones, a classic work of Yu Hua, and the versions of Baidu Translation, Youdao Translation and Google Translation as corpus to conduct a comparative study on translation quality. Starting from the development of machine translation, Jin Wenlu (Jin Wenlu 2019, 82) analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of machine translation and manual translation, discussed the question of whether machine translation can replace human translation. In order to further explore the impact of machine translation on translators, this paper will take neural machine translation - the latest machine translation as an example to discuss whether machine translation is a chance or a challenge for translators.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.Comparison of different machine translation methods===&lt;br /&gt;
Actually, the development of Machine Translation methods is going through four stages: rule-based methods, instance-based methods, statistical machine translation and neural machine translation. At present, thanks to the application of deep learning methods, neural machine translation has become the mainstream. Compared with statistical machine translation, neural machine translation has the following advantages:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1) End-to-end learning does not rely on too many prior assumptions. In the era of statistical machine translation, model design makes more or less assumptions about the process of translation. Phrase-based models, for example, assume that both source and target languages are sliced into sequences of phrases, with some alignment between them. This hypothesis has both advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, it draws lessons from the relevant concepts of linguistics and helps to integrate the model into human prior knowledge. On the other hand, the more assumptions, the more constrained the model. If the assumptions are correct, the model can describe the problem well. But if the assumptions are wrong, the model can be biased. Deep learning does not rely on prior knowledge, nor does it require manual design of features. The model learns directly from the mapping of input and output (end-to-end learning), which also avoids possible deviations caused by assumptions to a certain extent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2) The continuous space model of neural network has better representation ability. A basic problem in machine translation is how to represent a sentence. Statistical machine translation regards the process of sentence generation as the derivation of phrases or rules, which is essentially a symbol system in discrete space. Deep learning transforms traditional discrete-based representations into representations of continuous space. For example, a distributed representation of the space of real numbers replaces the discrete lexical representation, and the entire sentence can be described as a vector of real numbers. Therefore, the translation problem can be described in continuous space, which greatly alleviates the dimension disaster of traditional discrete space model. More importantly, continuous space model can be optimized by gradient descent and other methods, which has good mathematical properties and is easy to implement.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
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===References===&lt;br /&gt;
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=7 颜莉莉(一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_7]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
In the era of artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence has been applied to various fields. In the field of translation, traditional translation models can no longer meet the rapid development and updating of the information age. The development of machine translation has brought structural changes to the language service industry, which poses challenges to the cultivation of translation talents. Under the background of &amp;quot;The Belt and Road initiative&amp;quot;, translation talents have higher and higher requirements on translation literacy. Artificial intelligence and translation technology are used to reform the training mode of translation talents, so as to better serve the development of The Times. This paper mainly explores the cultivation of artificial intelligence and translation talents under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative. The cultivation of translation talents is moving towards comprehensive cultivation of talents. On the contrary, artificial intelligence and machine translation can also be used to improve the teaching mode and teaching content, so as to win together in cooperation.&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Artificial intelligence,Machine translation,cultivation of translation talents,&amp;quot;The Belt and Road initiative&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
进入人工智能时代，人工智能被应用于各个领域。在翻译领域，传统的翻译模式已无法满足信息化时代的飞速发展和更新，机器翻译的发展给语言服务行业带来了结构性改变，这对翻译人才的培养提出了挑战。“一带一路”背景下，对翻译人才的翻译素养要求越来越高，利用人工智能和翻译技术对翻译人才培养模式进行革新，更好为时代发展服务。本文主要探究在一带一路背景下人工智能和翻译人才培养，翻译人才的培养过程中正向对人才的综合性培养，反之也可以利用人工智能和机器翻译完善教学模式和教学内容，在合作中共赢。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能；机器翻译；翻译人才培养；一带一路&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of science and technology in China, artificial intelligence has also been greatly improved, and related technologies have been applied to various fields, such as the use of intelligent robots to deliver food to quarantined people during the epidemic, which has made people's lives more convenient. The most controversial and widely discussed issue is machine translation. Before the emergence of machine translation, translation was generally dominated by human translation, including translation and interpretation, which was divided into simultaneous interpretation and hand transmission, etc. It takes a lot of time and energy to cultivate a translation talent. However, nowadays, the era is developing rapidly and information is updated rapidly. As a translation talent, it is necessary to constantly update its knowledge reserve to keep up with the pace of The Times. The emergence of machine translation has also posed challenges to translation talents and the training of translation talents. Although machine translation had some problems in the early stage, it is now constantly improving its functions. In the context of the belt and Road Initiative, both machine translation and human translation are facing difficulties. Regardless of whether human translation is still needed, what is more important at present is how to train translators to adapt to difficulties and promote the cooperation between human translation and machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.Development status of machine translation in the era of artificial intelligence ===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of AI technology, machine translation has made great progress and has been applied to people's lives. For example, more and more tourists choose to download translation software when traveling abroad, which makes machine translation take an absolute advantage in daily email reply and other translation activities that do not require high accuracy. The translation software commonly used by netizens include Google Translation, Baidu Translation, Youdao Translation, IFly.com Translation, etc. Even wechat and other chat software can also carry out instant Translation into English. Some companies have also launched translation pens, translation machines and other equipment, which enables even native speakers to rely on machine translation to carry out basic communication with other Chinese people.&lt;br /&gt;
But so far, machine translation still faces huge problems. Although machine translation has made great progress, it is highly dependent on corpus and other big data matching. It does not reach the thinking level of human brain, and cannot deal with the problem of translation differences caused by culture and religion. In addition, many minor languages cannot be translated by machine due to lack of corpus.&lt;br /&gt;
What's more, most of the corpus is about developed countries such as Britain and France, and most of the corpus is about diplomacy, politics, science and technology, etc., while there are very few about nationality, culture, religion, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
In addition, machine translation can only be used for daily communication at present. If it involves important occasions such as large conferences and international affairs, it is impossible to risk using machine translation for translation work. Professional translators are required to carry out translation work. So machine translation still has a long way to go.&lt;br /&gt;
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===3.Challenges in the training of translation talents in universities===&lt;br /&gt;
The cultivation of translators is targeted at the market. Professors Zhu Yifan and Guan Xinchao from the School of Foreign Languages at Shanghai Jiao Tong University believe that the cultivation of translators can be divided into four types: high-end translators and interpreters, senior translators and researchers, compound translators and applied translators.&lt;br /&gt;
From their names, it can be seen that high-end translators and interpreters and senior translators and researchers talents have high requirements on the knowledge and quality of interpreters, because they have to face the changing international situation, and have to deal with all kinds of sensitive relations and political related content, they should have flexible cross-cultural communication skills. In addition, for literature, sociology and humanities academic works, it is not only necessary to translate their content, but also to understand their essence. Therefore, translators should not only have humanistic feelings, but also need to have a deep understanding of Chinese and western culture.&lt;br /&gt;
However, there is not much demand for this kind of translation in the society. Such high-level translation requirements are not needed in daily life and work. The greatest demand is for compound translators, which means that they should master knowledge in a specific field while mastering a foreign language. For example, compound translators in the financial field should not only be good at foreign languages, but also master financial knowledge, including professional terms, special expressions and sentence patterns.&lt;br /&gt;
Now we say that machine translation can replace human translation should refer to the field of compound translation talents. Although AI technology has enabled machine translation to participate in creation, it does not mean that compound translation talents will be replaced by machines. The complexity of language and the flexible cross-cultural awareness required in communication make it impossible for machine translation to completely replace human translation.&lt;br /&gt;
The last type of applied translation talents are mostly involved in the general text without too much technical content and few professional terms, so it is easy to be replaced by machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
Therefore, the author thinks that what universities are facing at present is not only how to train translation talents to cope with the development of machine translation, but to consider the application of machine translation in the process of training translation talents to achieve human-machine integration, so as to better complete the translation work.&lt;br /&gt;
===4.一带一路语言环境和人才需要===&lt;br /&gt;
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===5.在机器翻译视域下如何培养翻译人才 ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===5.1 对翻译人才的素养要求 ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===5.2 利用人工智能进行翻译实践活动===&lt;br /&gt;
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===5.3 大数据、术语库和语料库的应用===&lt;br /&gt;
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===5.2 针对一带一路的机器翻译与翻译人才的合作===&lt;br /&gt;
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===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
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===References===&lt;br /&gt;
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=8 颜静(On Machine Translation Under Lanuguage Intelligence——An Option and Opportunity for Human Translators)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_8]]&lt;br /&gt;
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===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
Nowadays the artificial intelligence is sweeping the world, however, the traditional language research and language service industry is facing new challenges.  This paper attempts to comb and analyze the development process of language intelligence in artificial intelligence and the development status of language industry under the background of information age to interpret the feasibility of liberal arts translators to engage in machine translation research and necessity to apply machine translation, thus to provide an option for human translators in information age to develop.&lt;br /&gt;
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===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
New Libral Arts; Language Intelligence; Machine Translation; Interdisciplinarity&lt;br /&gt;
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===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
论语言智能之机器翻译——我们的选择和未来&lt;br /&gt;
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===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
当今人工智能的热潮席卷全球，而传统的语言研究和语言服务行业却面临着新的挑战。本文通过梳理分析人工智能中语言智能领域的发展历程和信息时代背景下语言行业的发展现状，对文科译者从事机器翻译研究的可行性和应用机器翻译的必要性进行阐述，为信息时代译者的发展路径提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
新文科；语言智能；机器翻译；学科交叉&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
Obviously, we are now in an era of &amp;quot;explosion&amp;quot; of information and knowledge, which makes us have to find ways to deal with it quickly. Language is the manifestation of information, and the tool that can deal with language with complicated information is just computer. It happens that human beings do not have a special organ to perceive language, but carry the image and sound symbols of language through visual and auditory perception, and then form language information through brain processing and abstraction. Therefore, language intelligence also belongs to the research category of &amp;quot;cognitive intelligence&amp;quot;. In view of this, computer has carried out the research on language, among which the common research fields are &amp;quot;natural language processing&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;language information processing&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Computational Linguistics&amp;quot;. These three are different, but they all have the same goal, that is, to enable computers to realize and express with language, solve language related problems and simulate human language ability. Among them, machine translation is the integration of language intelligence and technology. The comprehensive research of MT in China starts from the mid-1980s. Especially since the 1990s, a number of MT systems have been published and commercialized systems have been launched. In addition, various universities in China have also carried out MT and computational linguistics research, developed various translation experimental systems and achieved fruitful results. In the research of machine translation, it involves not only translation model and language model, but also alignment method, part of speech tagging, syntactic analysis method, translation evaluation and so on. Therefore, researchers must understand the basic knowledge of translation and be proficient in English, Chinese or other languages. Therefore, we say that compound talents with computer and language related knowledge will be more needed in the language industry or the computer field.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Chapter 1 Artificial Intelligence in Rapid Development===&lt;br /&gt;
At the Dartmouth Conference in 1956, the word &amp;quot;artificial intelligence&amp;quot; appeared in the human world for the first time. In the past 65 years, with the in-depth study of science, artificial intelligence seems to have come out of the original science fiction movies and science fictions, and is closer to human daily life step by step. Nowadays, autopilot, machine translation, chess and E-sports robots, AI synthetic anchor, AI generated portrait and so on have been realized and widely known. Artificial intelligence has also moved from logical intelligence and computational intelligence to today's cognitive intelligence. &lt;br /&gt;
====1.1 The Development of Language Intelligence====&lt;br /&gt;
According to academician Tan Tieniu, &amp;quot;Artificial intelligence is a technical science that studies and develops theories, methods, technologies and application systems that can simulate, extend and expand human intelligence. Its purpose is to enable intelligent machines to listen, see, speak, think, learn and act, that is, they have the following capabilities——speech recognition and machine translation, image and character recognition, speech synthesis and man-machine dialogue, man-machine games and theorems proving, machine learning and knowledge representation, autopilot and so on. So, from these purposes we can see that language plays a vital role in AI. In order to imitate human intelligence, an advanced form of artificial intelligence is to analyze and process human language by using computer and information technology. We call it &amp;quot;language intelligence&amp;quot;. Language intelligence is not only the core part of artificial intelligence, but also an important basis and means of human-computer interaction cognition, whose development will contribute to the whole process of AI and further to let AI technologies to practice. Therefore, it is known as the Pearl on the crown of artificial intelligence. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The concept of “language intelligence” was proposed in 2013 at Beijing Academic Forum on Language Intelligence. However, as mentioned above, its research direction in the computer field has always been called natural language processing (NLP). Its history is almost as long as computer and artificial intelligence. After the emergence of computer, there has been the research of artificial intelligence. Natural language processing generally includes two parts: natural language understanding and natural language generation. The early research of artificial intelligence has involved machine translation and natural language understanding, which is basically divided into three stages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first stage is from 1960s to 1980s. In this period, the common method is to establish vocabulary, syntactic and semantic analysis, question and answer, chat and machine translation systems based on rules. The advantage is that rules can make use of human’s own knowledge instead of relying on data, and can start quickly; The problem is on its insufficient coverage, and its rule management and scalability have not been solved. &lt;br /&gt;
The second stage starts from 1990s. At this time, statistics-based machine learning (ML) has become popular, and many NLP began to use statistics-based methods. The main idea is to use labeled data to establish a machine learning system based on manually defined features, and to use the data to determine the parameters of the machine learning system through learning. At runtime, by using these learned parameters, the input data is decoded and output. Machine translation and search engines just make use of statistical methods and get success. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The third stage is after 2008, when deep learning functions in voice and image. Subsequently, NLP researchers begin to turn to deep learning. First, they use deep learning for feature calculation or establish a new feature, and then experience the effect under the original statistical learning framework. For example, search engines add in-depth learning to calculate the similarity between search words and documents to improve the relevance of search. Since 2014, people have tried to conduct end-to-end training directly through deep learning modeling. At present, progress has been made in the fields of machine translation, question and answer, reading comprehension and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2 The Research on Machine Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. Chapter 2 Interdisciplinarity in Irresistible Trend===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====2.1 The Construction of New Liberal Arts====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====2.1 The Current Status of New Liberal Arts====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Chapter 3 Language Service Industry with Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====3.1 Translation Mode of Man-machine Cooperation====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====3.2 Translators with More Professional and Diversified Career Path====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.2.1 The Improvement of Tranlation Ability&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.2.2 The Combination with Other Field&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=9 谢佳芬（人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of information technology, many industries are facing the competitive pressure of artificial intelligence, and so is the field of translation. Artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and combined with the field of translation，which has brought great impact and changes to traditional translation, but artificial intelligence translation and artificial translation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Artificial translation is in the leading position in adapting to human language logical habits and understanding characteristics, but in terms of translation threshold and economic value, the efficiency of artificial intelligence translation is even better. In a word, we need to know that machine translation and human translation are complementary rather than antagonistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Artificial Translation; Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
伴随着信息技术的不断发展，多个行业面临着人工智能的竞争压力，翻译领域也是如此。人工智能技术快速发展并与翻译领域结合，人工智能翻译给传统翻译带来了巨大的冲击和变革，但人工智能翻译与人工翻译存在着各自的优劣特点和发展空间，在适应人类语言逻辑习惯和理解特点的翻译效果上，人工翻译处于领先地位，但在翻译门槛和经济价值上，人工智能翻译的效率则更胜一筹。总的来说，我们要知道机器翻译与人工翻译是互补而非对立的关系。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译;人工翻译;人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
 1.1 The History of Machine Translation&lt;br /&gt;
 The research history of machine translation can be traced back to the 1930s and 1940s. In the early 1930s, the French scientist G.B. Alchuni put forward the idea of using machines for translation. In 1933, the Soviet inventor Troyansky designed a machine to translate one language into another. [1]In 1946, the world's first modern electronic computer ENIAC was born. Soon after, American scientist Warren Weaver, a pioneer of information theory, put forward the idea of automatic language translation by computer in 1947. In 1949, Warren Weaver published a memorandum entitled Translation, which formally raised the issue of machine translation. In 1954, Georgetown University, with the cooperation of IBM, completed the English-Russian machine translation experiment with IBM-701 computer for the first time, which opened the prelude of machine translation research. [2] In 2006, Google translation was officially released as a free service software, bringing a big upsurge of statistical machine translation research. It was Franz Och who joined Google in 2004 and led Google translation. What’s more, it is precisely because of the unremitting efforts of generations of scientists that science fiction has been brought into reality step by step.&lt;br /&gt;
  According to the working principle, machine translation has roughly experienced three stages: rule-based machine translation, statistics-based machine translation and deep learning based neural machine translation. [3] These three stages witnessed a leap in the quality of machine translation. Machine translation is more and more used in daily life and even the translation of some texts is almost comparable to artificial translation. In addition to text translation, voice translation, photo translation and other functions have also been listed, which provides great convenience for people's life. It is undeniable that machine translation has become the development trend of translation in the future.&lt;br /&gt;
1.2 The Status Quo of Machine Translation&lt;br /&gt;
  In this big data era of information explosion, the prospect of machine translation is also bright. At present, the circular neural network system launched by Google has supported universal translation in more than 60 languages. Many Internet companies such as Microsoft Bing, Sogou, Tencent, Baidu and NetEase Youdao have also launched their own Internet free machine translation systems. [3] Users can obtain translation results free of charge by logging in to the corresponding websites. At present, the circular neural network translation system launched by Google can support real-time translation of more than 60 languages, and the domestic Baidu online machine translation system can also support real-time translation of 28 languages. These Internet online machine translation systems are suitable for a variety of terminal platforms such as mobile phone, PC, tablet and web and its functions are also quite diverse, supporting many translation forms, such as screen word selection, text scanning translation, photo translation, offline translation, web page translation and so on. Although its translation quality needs to be improved, it has been outstanding in the fields of daily dialogue, news translation and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
  Generally speaking, machine translation has the characteristics of high efficiency, low cost, accurate term translation and great development potential and etc. Machine translation is fast and efficient, this is something that artificial translation can’t catch up with. In addition, with the continuous emergence of all kinds of translation software in the market, compared with artificial translation, machine translation is cheap and sometimes even free, which greatly saves the economic cost and time for users with low translation quality requirements. What's more, compared with artificial translation, machine translation has a huge corpus, which makes the translation of some terms, especially the latest scientific and technological terms, more rapid and accurate. The accurate translation of these terms requires the translator to constantly learn, but learning needs a process, which has a certain test on the translator's learning ability and learning speed. In this regard, artificial translation has uncertainty and hysteretic nature. At the same time, with the progress of science and technology and the development of society, the function of machine translation will be more perfect and the quality of translation will be better.&lt;br /&gt;
  At the same time, machine translation also has its limitations. At first, machine can only operate word to word translation, which only plays the function and role of dictionary. Then, the application of syntax enables the process of sentence translation and it can be solved by using the direct translation method. When the original text and the target language are highly similar, it can be translated directly. For example, the original text &amp;quot;他是个老师.&amp;quot; The target language is &amp;quot;he is a teacher &amp;quot;. With the increase of the structural complexity of the original text, the effect of machine translation is greatly reduced. Therefore, at the syntactic level, machine translation still stays in sentences with relatively simple structure. Meanwhile, the original text and the results of machine translation cannot be interchanged equally, indicating that English-Chinese translation has strong randomness, and is not rigorous and scientific enough. &lt;br /&gt;
Besides, machine translation is not culturally sensitive. Human may never be able to program machines to understand and experience a particular culture. Different cultures have unique and different language systems, and machines do not have complexity to understand or recognize slang, jargon, puns and idioms. Therefore, their translation may not conform to cultural values and specific norms. This is also one of the challenges that the machine needs to overcome.[4] Artificial intelligence may have human abstract thinking ability in the future, but it is difficult to have image thinking ability including imagination and emotion. [5] Therefore, machine translation is often used in news, science and technology, patents, specifications and other text fields with the purpose of fact description, knowledge and information transmission. These words rarely involve emotional and cultural background. When translating expressive texts, the limitations of machine translation are exposed. The so-called expressive text refers to the text that pays attention to emotional expression and is full of imagination. Its main characteristics are subjectivity, emotion and imagination, such as novels, poetry, prose, art and so on. This kind of text attaches importance to the emotional expression of the author or character image, and uses a lot of metaphors, symbols and other expressions. Machine translation is difficult to catch up with artificial translation in this kind of text, it can only translate the main idea, lack of connotation and literary grace and it cannot have subjective feelings and rational analysis like human beings. In fact, it is not difficult to simulate the human brain, the difficulty is that it is impossible to learn from the rich social experience and life experience of excellent translators. In other words, machine translation lacks the personalization and creativity of human translation. It is this personalization and creativity that promote the development and evolution of language, and what machine translation can only output is mechanical &amp;quot;machine language&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.The Irreplaceability of Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Discussion on the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.  Suggestions on the Combined Development of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=10 熊敏(Research on the English Chinese Translation Ability of Machine Translation for Various Types of Texts)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_10]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the rapid development of information technology,machine translation technology emerged and is gradually becoming mature.In order to explore the ability of machine translation, I adopts two versions of translation, which are manual translation and machine translation(this paper uses Youdao translation) for different types of texts(according to Peter Newmark's types of text). The results are quite different in terms of quality and accuracy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
machine translation; manual translation; Newmark's type of texts&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
Research on the English Chinese Translation Ability of Machine Translation for Various Types of Texts&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
随着信息技术的高速发展，机器翻译技术出现了，并且逐渐成熟。为了探究机器翻译的能力水平，本人根据纽马克的文本类型分类，选择了相应的译文类型，并且将其机器翻译的版本以及人工翻译的版本进行对比。就质量和准确度而言，译文的水平大相径庭。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译；人工翻译；纽马克文本类型&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
====1.1.Introduction to machine translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation, also known as computer translation is a technique to translating through machine translator, such as Google translation and Youdao translation. Machine translation is one of the branches of computational linguistics, ranging from computer science, statistics, information science and so on. Machine translation plays an important role in all aspects.&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation can be traced back to 1940s, when British engineer Booth and American engineer Weaver proposed using computer to translate and started to study machines used for translation. However in the 1960s, reports from ALPAC (Automated Language Processing Advisory Committee) showed studies on machine translation had stagnated for a decade. In the 1970s, with the advancement of computer, machine translation was back to track. In the last decades, machine translation has mainly developed into four stages: rule-based machine translation, statistic machine translation, example-based machine translation and neural machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2.Process of machine translation====&lt;br /&gt;
The process of manual translation is different from that of machine translation. Here is the process of the former. (1) Understand source language. (2) Use target language to organize language. (3) Generate translation. Unlike manual translation, machine translation tends to analyze and code source language first, then look for related codes in corpus, and work out the code that represents target language, generating translation. But they share a common feature, which is that Lexicon, grammatical rules and syntactic structure are taken into consideration. This is one of the biggest challenges for machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.Newmark’s type of texts===&lt;br /&gt;
Peter Newmark divided texts into informative type, expressive text and vocative type according to the linguistic functions of various texts. &lt;br /&gt;
====2.11Informative text====&lt;br /&gt;
The core of the informative texts is the truth. It is to convey facts, information, knowledge and the like. The language style of the text is objective and logical. Reports, papers, scientific and technological textbooks are all attributed to informative texts.&lt;br /&gt;
====2.2Expressive text====&lt;br /&gt;
The core of the expressive text is the emotion. It is to express preferences, feelings, views and so on. The language style of it is subjective. Literary works, including fictions, poems and drama, autobiography and authoritative statements belong to expressive text.&lt;br /&gt;
====2.3Vocative text====&lt;br /&gt;
The core of the vocative text is readership. It is to call upon readers to act in the way intended by the text. So it is reader-oriented. Such texts advertisement, propaganda and notices are of vocative text.&lt;br /&gt;
====2.4Study Method====&lt;br /&gt;
Manual translations of the three texts are selected from authoritative versions and universally acknowledged. And machine translations of those come from Youdao Translator. And in this thesis I will compare and evaluate the two methods in word diction, sentence structure, word order and redundancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.  ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=11 陈惠妮=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_11]]&lt;br /&gt;
=12 蔡珠凤=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_12]]&lt;br /&gt;
=13 陈湘琼Chen Xiangqiong（Study on Post-editing from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory ）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_13]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of technology，machine translation methods are changing. From rule-based methods to corpus-based methods，and then to neural network translation，every time machine translation become more precise, which means it is not impossible the complete  replacement of human translation by machine translation. But machine translation still faces many problems until today such as : fail to translate special terms, incapable to set the right sentence order, unable to understand content and culture background etc. All of these need to be checked out and modified by human translator, so it can be predict that the model ''Human + Machine''  will last for a long period. This article will discuss mistakes made in machine translation and describe what translators should do in post-editing based on the skopos theory and functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
machine translation，post-editing，skopos theory，functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
基于功能对等视角探讨译后编辑问题与对策&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
随着科技的不断发展，机器翻译方法也在不断变革，从基于规则的机器翻译，到基于统计的机器翻译，再到今天基于人工神经网络的机器翻译，每一次变化都让机器翻译变得更精确，更高质。这意味着在不远的将来，机器翻译完全代替人工翻译成为一种可能。但是直至今天，机器翻译仍然面临许多的问题如：无法准确翻译术语、无法正确排列句子语序、无法分辨语境等，这些问题依然需要人工检查和修改。机器翻译自有其优点，人工翻译也有无可替代之处，所以在很长一段时间内，翻译都应该是机器+人工的运作方式。本文将基于翻译目的论和功能对等理论，对机器翻译可能出现的错误之处进行探讨，并且旨在描述译者在进行译后编辑时需要注重的方面，为广大译员提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译，译后编辑，翻译目的论，功能对等&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Machine Translation Versus Human Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. Skopos Theory and Translation Equivalent===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. The Relationship between MT and HT ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. Post-editing On Words===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. Post-editing On Sentences===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. Post-editing On Style and Culture Background===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=127164</id>
		<title>Machine translation</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=127164"/>
		<updated>2021-11-15T14:41:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 9 谢佳芬（人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译） */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=1 卫怡雯(A Comparison Between the Quality of Machine Translation and Human Translation——A Case Study of the Application of artificial intelligence in Sports Events)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Human Translation; International Sports Events；Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
论机器翻译与人工翻译的质量对比——以人工智能在体育赛事领域的应用为例&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译；人工翻译；国际体育赛事；人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=2 吴映红=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_2]]&lt;br /&gt;
=3 肖毅瑶(On the Realm Advantages And Symbiotic Development of Machine Translation And Huamn Translation)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_3]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Huamn Translation; Realm Advantages; Symbiotic Development&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
论机器翻译与人工翻译的领域优势及共生发展&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
 机器翻译自1947年问世以来不断发展，并逐渐在翻译市场发挥着举足轻重的作用，随之而至的便是人们对于机器翻译与人工翻译之间关系的思考与研究。机器翻译的应运而生给人工翻译市场带来的究竟是巨大的冲击还是无限的机遇呢？二者的关系走向将会如何，是取而代之还是并驾齐驱？译者该如何应对机器翻译的挑战？&lt;br /&gt;
    笔者认为随着科学技术的不断完善，人工翻译和机器翻译在不同的领域各自都具备一定主导地位，但机器翻译仍旧存在一定缺陷，永远不可能取代人工翻译。本文立足于机器翻译与人工翻译的不同特点，浅析二者各自的领域优势，探究其共生发展的可能性以及途径。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
人工翻译；机器翻译；领域优势；共生发展&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=4 王李菲 （Comparison Between Machine Translation of Netease and Traditional Human Translation—A Case Study of The Economist Articles)= &lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_4]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Human Translation; Contrastive Analysis&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
有道神经网络机器翻译与传统人工翻译的译文对比——以经济学人语料为例&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
人工翻译；机器翻译；对比分析&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=5 杨柳青=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_5]]&lt;br /&gt;
=6 徐敏赟(Machine Translation Based on Neural Network --Challenge or Chance)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_6]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the acceleration of economic globalization, there is a growing demand for translation services. In recent years, with the rapid development of neural networks and deep learning, the quality of machine translation has been significantly improved. Compared with human translation, machine translation has the advantages of low cost and high speed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Neural machine translation brings both convenience and pressure to translators. Based on the principles of neural machine translation, this paper will objectively analyze the advantages and disadvantages of neural machine translation, and discuss whether neural machine translation is a chance or a challenge for human translators.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Neural network; Deep learning; Machine translation; human translation&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
基于神经网络的机器翻译 --机遇还是挑战？&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
随着经济全球化进程的加速，人们对翻译服务的需求也越来越大。近些年来，神经网络和深度学习等技术得到快速发展，机器翻译的质量得到了显著提高，较人工翻译来讲有着成本低，速度快等优势。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
基于神经网络的机器翻译给翻译工作者带来便捷的同时，同时也给翻译工作者们带来了一定的压力。本文将会从神经机器翻译的原理出发，客观分析基于神经网络的机器翻译中存在的一些优势与劣势，并以此来探讨机器翻译对于翻译工作者来说到底是机遇还是挑战这一问题。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
神经网络；深度学习；机器翻译；人工翻译；&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1.Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation, (Li Mu, Liu Shujie, Zhang Dongdong, Zhou Ming 2018, 2) a branch of Natural Language Processing (NLP), refers to the process of using a machine to automatically translate a natural language (source language) sentence into another language (target language) sentence. The natural language here refers to human language used daily (such as English, Chinese, Japanese, etc.), which is different from languages created by humans for specific purposes (such as computer programming languages).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to statistics, there are about 5600 human languages in existence. In China, as we are a big family composed of 56 ethnic groups, some ethnic minorities also have their own languages and scripts. In other countries, due to the history of colonization, these countries usually have multiple official languages, so some official documents usually need to be written in more than two languages. In the context of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative, communication among different languages has become an important part of building a community with a shared future for mankind. Therefore, the application of machine translation technology can help promote national unity, communication between different languages and cross-cultural communication.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the latest machine translation method, neural machine translation, has advantages such as speed and low cost, machine translation is still far from being as effective as human translation. Li Yao (Li Yao 2021, 39) selects Chronicle of a Blood Merchant translated by Andrew F. Jones, a classic work of Yu Hua, and the versions of Baidu Translation, Youdao Translation and Google Translation as corpus to conduct a comparative study on translation quality. Starting from the development of machine translation, Jin Wenlu (Jin Wenlu 2019, 82) analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of machine translation and manual translation, discussed the question of whether machine translation can replace human translation. In order to further explore the impact of machine translation on translators, this paper will take neural machine translation - the latest machine translation as an example to discuss whether machine translation is a chance or a challenge for translators.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.Comparison of different machine translation methods===&lt;br /&gt;
Actually, the development of Machine Translation methods is going through four stages: rule-based methods, instance-based methods, statistical machine translation and neural machine translation. At present, thanks to the application of deep learning methods, neural machine translation has become the mainstream. Compared with statistical machine translation, neural machine translation has the following advantages:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1) End-to-end learning does not rely on too many prior assumptions. In the era of statistical machine translation, model design makes more or less assumptions about the process of translation. Phrase-based models, for example, assume that both source and target languages are sliced into sequences of phrases, with some alignment between them. This hypothesis has both advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, it draws lessons from the relevant concepts of linguistics and helps to integrate the model into human prior knowledge. On the other hand, the more assumptions, the more constrained the model. If the assumptions are correct, the model can describe the problem well. But if the assumptions are wrong, the model can be biased. Deep learning does not rely on prior knowledge, nor does it require manual design of features. The model learns directly from the mapping of input and output (end-to-end learning), which also avoids possible deviations caused by assumptions to a certain extent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
2) The continuous space model of neural network has better representation ability. A basic problem in machine translation is how to represent a sentence. Statistical machine translation regards the process of sentence generation as the derivation of phrases or rules, which is essentially a symbol system in discrete space. Deep learning transforms traditional discrete-based representations into representations of continuous space. For example, a distributed representation of the space of real numbers replaces the discrete lexical representation, and the entire sentence can be described as a vector of real numbers. Therefore, the translation problem can be described in continuous space, which greatly alleviates the dimension disaster of traditional discrete space model. More importantly, continuous space model can be optimized by gradient descent and other methods, which has good mathematical properties and is easy to implement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=7 颜莉莉(一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_7]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
In the era of artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence has been applied to various fields. In the field of translation, traditional translation models can no longer meet the rapid development and updating of the information age. The development of machine translation has brought structural changes to the language service industry, which poses challenges to the cultivation of translation talents. Under the background of &amp;quot;The Belt and Road initiative&amp;quot;, translation talents have higher and higher requirements on translation literacy. Artificial intelligence and translation technology are used to reform the training mode of translation talents, so as to better serve the development of The Times. This paper mainly explores the cultivation of artificial intelligence and translation talents under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative. The cultivation of translation talents is moving towards comprehensive cultivation of talents. On the contrary, artificial intelligence and machine translation can also be used to improve the teaching mode and teaching content, so as to win together in cooperation.&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
Artificial intelligence,Machine translation,cultivation of translation talents,&amp;quot;The Belt and Road initiative&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
进入人工智能时代，人工智能被应用于各个领域。在翻译领域，传统的翻译模式已无法满足信息化时代的飞速发展和更新，机器翻译的发展给语言服务行业带来了结构性改变，这对翻译人才的培养提出了挑战。“一带一路”背景下，对翻译人才的翻译素养要求越来越高，利用人工智能和翻译技术对翻译人才培养模式进行革新，更好为时代发展服务。本文主要探究在一带一路背景下人工智能和翻译人才培养，翻译人才的培养过程中正向对人才的综合性培养，反之也可以利用人工智能和机器翻译完善教学模式和教学内容，在合作中共赢。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能；机器翻译；翻译人才培养；一带一路&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of science and technology in China, artificial intelligence has also been greatly improved, and related technologies have been applied to various fields, such as the use of intelligent robots to deliver food to quarantined people during the epidemic, which has made people's lives more convenient. The most controversial and widely discussed issue is machine translation. Before the emergence of machine translation, translation was generally dominated by human translation, including translation and interpretation, which was divided into simultaneous interpretation and hand transmission, etc. It takes a lot of time and energy to cultivate a translation talent. However, nowadays, the era is developing rapidly and information is updated rapidly. As a translation talent, it is necessary to constantly update its knowledge reserve to keep up with the pace of The Times. The emergence of machine translation has also posed challenges to translation talents and the training of translation talents. Although machine translation had some problems in the early stage, it is now constantly improving its functions. In the context of the belt and Road Initiative, both machine translation and human translation are facing difficulties. Regardless of whether human translation is still needed, what is more important at present is how to train translators to adapt to difficulties and promote the cooperation between human translation and machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.Development status of machine translation in the era of artificial intelligence ===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of AI technology, machine translation has made great progress and has been applied to people's lives. For example, more and more tourists choose to download translation software when traveling abroad, which makes machine translation take an absolute advantage in daily email reply and other translation activities that do not require high accuracy. The translation software commonly used by netizens include Google Translation, Baidu Translation, Youdao Translation, IFly.com Translation, etc. Even wechat and other chat software can also carry out instant Translation into English. Some companies have also launched translation pens, translation machines and other equipment, which enables even native speakers to rely on machine translation to carry out basic communication with other Chinese people.&lt;br /&gt;
But so far, machine translation still faces huge problems. Although machine translation has made great progress, it is highly dependent on corpus and other big data matching. It does not reach the thinking level of human brain, and cannot deal with the problem of translation differences caused by culture and religion. In addition, many minor languages cannot be translated by machine due to lack of corpus.&lt;br /&gt;
What's more, most of the corpus is about developed countries such as Britain and France, and most of the corpus is about diplomacy, politics, science and technology, etc., while there are very few about nationality, culture, religion, etc.&lt;br /&gt;
In addition, machine translation can only be used for daily communication at present. If it involves important occasions such as large conferences and international affairs, it is impossible to risk using machine translation for translation work. Professional translators are required to carry out translation work. So machine translation still has a long way to go.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.Challenges in the training of translation talents in universities===&lt;br /&gt;
The cultivation of translators is targeted at the market. Professors Zhu Yifan and Guan Xinchao from the School of Foreign Languages at Shanghai Jiao Tong University believe that the cultivation of translators can be divided into four types: high-end translators and interpreters, senior translators and researchers, compound translators and applied translators.&lt;br /&gt;
From their names, it can be seen that high-end translators and interpreters and senior translators and researchers talents have high requirements on the knowledge and quality of interpreters, because they have to face the changing international situation, and have to deal with all kinds of sensitive relations and political related content, they should have flexible cross-cultural communication skills. In addition, for literature, sociology and humanities academic works, it is not only necessary to translate their content, but also to understand their essence. Therefore, translators should not only have humanistic feelings, but also need to have a deep understanding of Chinese and western culture.&lt;br /&gt;
However, there is not much demand for this kind of translation in the society. Such high-level translation requirements are not needed in daily life and work. The greatest demand is for compound translators, which means that they should master knowledge in a specific field while mastering a foreign language. For example, compound translators in the financial field should not only be good at foreign languages, but also master financial knowledge, including professional terms, special expressions and sentence patterns.&lt;br /&gt;
Now we say that machine translation can replace human translation should refer to the field of compound translation talents. Although AI technology has enabled machine translation to participate in creation, it does not mean that compound translation talents will be replaced by machines. The complexity of language and the flexible cross-cultural awareness required in communication make it impossible for machine translation to completely replace human translation.&lt;br /&gt;
The last type of applied translation talents are mostly involved in the general text without too much technical content and few professional terms, so it is easy to be replaced by machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
Therefore, the author thinks that what universities are facing at present is not only how to train translation talents to cope with the development of machine translation, but to consider the application of machine translation in the process of training translation talents to achieve human-machine integration, so as to better complete the translation work.&lt;br /&gt;
===4.一带一路语言环境和人才需要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.在机器翻译视域下如何培养翻译人才 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.1 对翻译人才的素养要求 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.2 利用人工智能进行翻译实践活动===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.3 大数据、术语库和语料库的应用===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.2 针对一带一路的机器翻译与翻译人才的合作===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=8 颜静(On Machine Translation Under Lanuguage Intelligence——An Option and Opportunity for Human Translators)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_8]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
Nowadays the artificial intelligence is sweeping the world, however, the traditional language research and language service industry is facing new challenges.  This paper attempts to comb and analyze the development process of language intelligence in artificial intelligence and the development status of language industry under the background of information age to interpret the feasibility of liberal arts translators to engage in machine translation research and necessity to apply machine translation, thus to provide an option for human translators in information age to develop.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
New Libral Arts; Language Intelligence; Machine Translation; Interdisciplinarity&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
论语言智能之机器翻译——我们的选择和未来&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
当今人工智能的热潮席卷全球，而传统的语言研究和语言服务行业却面临着新的挑战。本文通过梳理分析人工智能中语言智能领域的发展历程和信息时代背景下语言行业的发展现状，对文科译者从事机器翻译研究的可行性和应用机器翻译的必要性进行阐述，为信息时代译者的发展路径提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
新文科；语言智能；机器翻译；学科交叉&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
Obviously, we are now in an era of &amp;quot;explosion&amp;quot; of information and knowledge, which makes us have to find ways to deal with it quickly. Language is the manifestation of information, and the tool that can deal with language with complicated information is just computer. It happens that human beings do not have a special organ to perceive language, but carry the image and sound symbols of language through visual and auditory perception, and then form language information through brain processing and abstraction. Therefore, language intelligence also belongs to the research category of &amp;quot;cognitive intelligence&amp;quot;. In view of this, computer has carried out the research on language, among which the common research fields are &amp;quot;natural language processing&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;language information processing&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Computational Linguistics&amp;quot;. These three are different, but they all have the same goal, that is, to enable computers to realize and express with language, solve language related problems and simulate human language ability. Among them, machine translation is the integration of language intelligence and technology. The comprehensive research of MT in China starts from the mid-1980s. Especially since the 1990s, a number of MT systems have been published and commercialized systems have been launched. In addition, various universities in China have also carried out MT and computational linguistics research, developed various translation experimental systems and achieved fruitful results. In the research of machine translation, it involves not only translation model and language model, but also alignment method, part of speech tagging, syntactic analysis method, translation evaluation and so on. Therefore, researchers must understand the basic knowledge of translation and be proficient in English, Chinese or other languages. Therefore, we say that compound talents with computer and language related knowledge will be more needed in the language industry or the computer field.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Chapter 1 Artificial Intelligence in Rapid Development===&lt;br /&gt;
At the Dartmouth Conference in 1956, the word &amp;quot;artificial intelligence&amp;quot; appeared in the human world for the first time. In the past 65 years, with the in-depth study of science, artificial intelligence seems to have come out of the original science fiction movies and science fictions, and is closer to human daily life step by step. Nowadays, autopilot, machine translation, chess and E-sports robots, AI synthetic anchor, AI generated portrait and so on have been realized and widely known. Artificial intelligence has also moved from logical intelligence and computational intelligence to today's cognitive intelligence. &lt;br /&gt;
====1.1 The Development of Language Intelligence====&lt;br /&gt;
According to academician Tan Tieniu, &amp;quot;Artificial intelligence is a technical science that studies and develops theories, methods, technologies and application systems that can simulate, extend and expand human intelligence. Its purpose is to enable intelligent machines to listen, see, speak, think, learn and act, that is, they have the following capabilities——speech recognition and machine translation, image and character recognition, speech synthesis and man-machine dialogue, man-machine games and theorems proving, machine learning and knowledge representation, autopilot and so on. So, from these purposes we can see that language plays a vital role in AI. In order to imitate human intelligence, an advanced form of artificial intelligence is to analyze and process human language by using computer and information technology. We call it &amp;quot;language intelligence&amp;quot;. Language intelligence is not only the core part of artificial intelligence, but also an important basis and means of human-computer interaction cognition, whose development will contribute to the whole process of AI and further to let AI technologies to practice. Therefore, it is known as the Pearl on the crown of artificial intelligence. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The concept of “language intelligence” was proposed in 2013 at Beijing Academic Forum on Language Intelligence. However, as mentioned above, its research direction in the computer field has always been called natural language processing (NLP). Its history is almost as long as computer and artificial intelligence. After the emergence of computer, there has been the research of artificial intelligence. Natural language processing generally includes two parts: natural language understanding and natural language generation. The early research of artificial intelligence has involved machine translation and natural language understanding, which is basically divided into three stages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first stage is from 1960s to 1980s. In this period, the common method is to establish vocabulary, syntactic and semantic analysis, question and answer, chat and machine translation systems based on rules. The advantage is that rules can make use of human’s own knowledge instead of relying on data, and can start quickly; The problem is on its insufficient coverage, and its rule management and scalability have not been solved. &lt;br /&gt;
The second stage starts from 1990s. At this time, statistics-based machine learning (ML) has become popular, and many NLP began to use statistics-based methods. The main idea is to use labeled data to establish a machine learning system based on manually defined features, and to use the data to determine the parameters of the machine learning system through learning. At runtime, by using these learned parameters, the input data is decoded and output. Machine translation and search engines just make use of statistical methods and get success. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The third stage is after 2008, when deep learning functions in voice and image. Subsequently, NLP researchers begin to turn to deep learning. First, they use deep learning for feature calculation or establish a new feature, and then experience the effect under the original statistical learning framework. For example, search engines add in-depth learning to calculate the similarity between search words and documents to improve the relevance of search. Since 2014, people have tried to conduct end-to-end training directly through deep learning modeling. At present, progress has been made in the fields of machine translation, question and answer, reading comprehension and so on.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2 The Research on Machine Translation====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. Chapter 2 Interdisciplinarity in Irresistible Trend===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====2.1 The Construction of New Liberal Arts====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====2.1 The Current Status of New Liberal Arts====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Chapter 3 Language Service Industry with Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====3.1 Translation Mode of Man-machine Cooperation====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====3.2 Translators with More Professional and Diversified Career Path====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.2.1 The Improvement of Tranlation Ability&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
3.2.2 The Combination with Other Field&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=9 谢佳芬（人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of information technology, many industries are facing the competitive pressure of artificial intelligence, and so is the field of translation. Artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and combined with the field of translation，which has brought great impact and changes to traditional translation, but artificial intelligence translation and artificial translation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Artificial translation is in the leading position in adapting to human language logical habits and understanding characteristics, but in terms of translation threshold and economic value, the efficiency of artificial intelligence translation is even better. In a word, we need to know that machine translation and human translation are complementary rather than antagonistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Artificial Translation; Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
伴随着信息技术的不断发展，多个行业面临着人工智能的竞争压力，翻译领域也是如此。人工智能技术快速发展并与翻译领域结合，人工智能翻译给传统翻译带来了巨大的冲击和变革，但人工智能翻译与人工翻译存在着各自的优劣特点和发展空间，在适应人类语言逻辑习惯和理解特点的翻译效果上，人工翻译处于领先地位，但在翻译门槛和经济价值上，人工智能翻译的效率则更胜一筹。总的来说，我们要知道机器翻译与人工翻译是互补而非对立的关系。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译;人工翻译;人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
  The research history of machine translation can be traced back to the 1930s and 1940s. In the early 1930s, the French scientist G.B. Alchuni put forward the idea of using machines for translation. In 1933, the Soviet inventor Troyansky designed a machine to translate one language into another. [1]In 1946, the world's first modern electronic computer ENIAC was born. Soon after, American scientist Warren Weaver, a pioneer of information theory, put forward the idea of automatic language translation by computer in 1947. In 1949, Warren Weaver published a memorandum entitled Translation, which formally raised the issue of machine translation. In 1954, Georgetown University, with the cooperation of IBM, completed the English-Russian machine translation experiment with IBM-701 computer for the first time, which opened the prelude of machine translation research. [2] In 2006, Google translation was officially released as a free service software, bringing a big upsurge of statistical machine translation research. It was Franz Och who joined Google in 2004 and led Google translation. What’s more, it is precisely because of the unremitting efforts of generations of scientists that science fiction has been brought into reality step by step.&lt;br /&gt;
  According to the working principle, machine translation has roughly experienced three stages: rule-based machine translation, statistics-based machine translation and deep learning based neural machine translation. [3] These three stages witnessed a leap in the quality of machine translation. Machine translation is more and more used in daily life and even the translation of some texts is almost comparable to artificial translation. In addition to text translation, voice translation, photo translation and other functions have also been listed, which provides great convenience for people's life. It is undeniable that machine translation has become the development trend of translation in the future&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.The Irreplaceability of Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Discussion on the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.  Suggestions on the Combined Development of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=10 熊敏(Research on the English Chinese Translation Ability of Machine Translation for Various Types of Texts)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_10]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the rapid development of information technology,machine translation technology emerged and is gradually becoming mature.In order to explore the ability of machine translation, I adopts two versions of translation, which are manual translation and machine translation(this paper uses Youdao translation) for different types of texts(according to Peter Newmark's types of text). The results are quite different in terms of quality and accuracy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
machine translation; manual translation; Newmark's type of texts&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
Research on the English Chinese Translation Ability of Machine Translation for Various Types of Texts&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
随着信息技术的高速发展，机器翻译技术出现了，并且逐渐成熟。为了探究机器翻译的能力水平，本人根据纽马克的文本类型分类，选择了相应的译文类型，并且将其机器翻译的版本以及人工翻译的版本进行对比。就质量和准确度而言，译文的水平大相径庭。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译；人工翻译；纽马克文本类型&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
====1.1.Introduction to machine translation====&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation, also known as computer translation is a technique to translating through machine translator, such as Google translation and Youdao translation. Machine translation is one of the branches of computational linguistics, ranging from computer science, statistics, information science and so on. Machine translation plays an important role in all aspects.&lt;br /&gt;
Machine translation can be traced back to 1940s, when British engineer Booth and American engineer Weaver proposed using computer to translate and started to study machines used for translation. However in the 1960s, reports from ALPAC (Automated Language Processing Advisory Committee) showed studies on machine translation had stagnated for a decade. In the 1970s, with the advancement of computer, machine translation was back to track. In the last decades, machine translation has mainly developed into four stages: rule-based machine translation, statistic machine translation, example-based machine translation and neural machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====1.2.Process of machine translation====&lt;br /&gt;
The process of manual translation is different from that of machine translation. Here is the process of the former. (1) Understand source language. (2) Use target language to organize language. (3) Generate translation. Unlike manual translation, machine translation tends to analyze and code source language first, then look for related codes in corpus, and work out the code that represents target language, generating translation. But they share a common feature, which is that Lexicon, grammatical rules and syntactic structure are taken into consideration. This is one of the biggest challenges for machine translation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.Newmark’s type of texts===&lt;br /&gt;
Peter Newmark divided texts into informative type, expressive text and vocative type according to the linguistic functions of various texts. &lt;br /&gt;
====2.11Informative text====&lt;br /&gt;
The core of the informative texts is the truth. It is to convey facts, information, knowledge and the like. The language style of the text is objective and logical. Reports, papers, scientific and technological textbooks are all attributed to informative texts.&lt;br /&gt;
====2.2Expressive text====&lt;br /&gt;
The core of the expressive text is the emotion. It is to express preferences, feelings, views and so on. The language style of it is subjective. Literary works, including fictions, poems and drama, autobiography and authoritative statements belong to expressive text.&lt;br /&gt;
====2.3Vocative text====&lt;br /&gt;
The core of the vocative text is readership. It is to call upon readers to act in the way intended by the text. So it is reader-oriented. Such texts advertisement, propaganda and notices are of vocative text.&lt;br /&gt;
====2.4Study Method====&lt;br /&gt;
Manual translations of the three texts are selected from authoritative versions and universally acknowledged. And machine translations of those come from Youdao Translator. And in this thesis I will compare and evaluate the two methods in word diction, sentence structure, word order and redundancy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===4.  ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=11 陈惠妮=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_11]]&lt;br /&gt;
=12 蔡珠凤=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_12]]&lt;br /&gt;
=13 陈湘琼Chen Xiangqiong（Study on Post-editing from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory ）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_13]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of technology，machine translation methods are changing. From rule-based methods to corpus-based methods，and then to neural network translation，every time machine translation become more precise, which means it is not impossible the complete  replacement of human translation by machine translation. But machine translation still faces many problems until today such as : fail to translate special terms, incapable to set the right sentence order, unable to understand content and culture background etc. All of these need to be checked out and modified by human translator, so it can be predict that the model ''Human + Machine''  will last for a long period. This article will discuss mistakes made in machine translation and describe what translators should do in post-editing based on the skopos theory and functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
machine translation，post-editing，skopos theory，functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
基于功能对等视角探讨译后编辑问题与对策&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
随着科技的不断发展，机器翻译方法也在不断变革，从基于规则的机器翻译，到基于统计的机器翻译，再到今天基于人工神经网络的机器翻译，每一次变化都让机器翻译变得更精确，更高质。这意味着在不远的将来，机器翻译完全代替人工翻译成为一种可能。但是直至今天，机器翻译仍然面临许多的问题如：无法准确翻译术语、无法正确排列句子语序、无法分辨语境等，这些问题依然需要人工检查和修改。机器翻译自有其优点，人工翻译也有无可替代之处，所以在很长一段时间内，翻译都应该是机器+人工的运作方式。本文将基于翻译目的论和功能对等理论，对机器翻译可能出现的错误之处进行探讨，并且旨在描述译者在进行译后编辑时需要注重的方面，为广大译员提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译，译后编辑，翻译目的论，功能对等&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Machine Translation Versus Human Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. Skopos Theory and Translation Equivalent===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. The Relationship between MT and HT ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. Post-editing On Words===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. Post-editing On Sentences===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. Post-editing On Style and Culture Background===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=20211110_homework&amp;diff=126518</id>
		<title>20211110 homework</title>
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		<updated>2021-11-10T06:47:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Quicklinks: [[Introduction_to_Translation_Studies_2021|Back to course homepage]] [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal#Frequently_asked_questions_FAQ FAQ]  [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal Manual] [[20210926_homework|Back to all homework webpages overview]] [[20220112_final_exam|final exam page]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
PLEASE READ [[Joint_translation_terms|Joint translation terms]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
PLEASE ALSO READ THE PREVIOUS PARTS, AT LEAST THE SENTENCES BEFORE YOUR OWN PART IN CHAPTER 19 [[20210303_culture|1, Mar 3 Chapters 1-4]], [[20210310_culture|2, Mar 10 Chapters 6-7]], [[20210317_culture|3, Mar 17 Chapters 11-13]], [[20210324_culture|4, Mar 24 Chapters 15-17]], [[20210331_culture|5, Mar 31 Chapters 4-7]], [[20210407_culture|6, Apr 7 Chapters 8-10]], [[20210414_culture|7, Apr 14 Chapters 13-15]] , [[20210519_culture|12, May 19 Chapters 17-19]], [[20210929_homework#Hongloumeng|for Sep 29 - rest of HLM Chapter 19]] [[20211110_homework|for Nov 10 - HLM Chapters 20-21]] etc.&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈静 Chén Jìng 国别 女 202020080595==&lt;br /&gt;
按语：拙著《红楼梦全解本》出版后，受到了不少专家与读者的好评，甚为欣慰。但也有读者认为，如果能删掉部分注文，既不影响读者阅读，也可节省书的成本，使更多读者买得起。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Note : After the publication of ''The Dream of Red Mansions(The Anotation Version)'', it was highly appreciated by many experts and readers. However, some readers believe that if some notes can be deleted, it will not affect readers ' reading and save the cost of the publication, so that more readers can afford it.--[[User:Chen Jing|Chen Jing]] ([[User talk:Chen Jing|talk]]) 10:02, 9 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Note: after my book the complete interpretation of Drdam Of Red Chamber was published, it was highly praised by many experts and readers. However, some readers believe that if some annotations can be deleted, it will not affect readers' reading, but also save the cost of the book and make it affordable for more readers.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 11:53, 9 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==蔡珠凤 Cài Zhūfèng 日语语言文学 女 202120081477==&lt;br /&gt;
恰好中央编译出版社准备出版四大古典小说套书，为了平衡四部小说的注文，《红楼梦》的注文也嫌太长。因此接受读者的建议，将《红楼梦全解本》的注文删掉了差不多一半，其他一概未动；换言之，此版《红楼梦》校注本，实即《红楼梦全解本》的删节本（仅删注文）。因此《校注前言》仍用《红楼梦全解本》的《校注前言》，不再另写。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It happened that the Central Compilation and Translation Publishing House was preparing to publish four sets of classical novels. In order to balance the annotations of the four novels, the annotations of Dream Of the Red Chamber were too long. Therefore, we accepted the readers' suggestions and deleted almost half of the annotations in the complete interpretation of Dream Of Red Chamber, and the rest remained unchanged; In other words, the revised annotation version of Dream Of Red Chamber is actually an abridged version of the complete interpretation of Dream Of Red Chamber (only the annotation is deleted). Therefore, the preface to proofreading still uses the preface to proofreading of the complete interpretation of Dream Of Red Chamber, and needn’t be written again.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Cai Zhufeng|Cai Zhufeng]] ([[User talk:Cai Zhufeng|talk]]) 06:36, 8 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It happened that the Central Compilation and Translation Publishing House was preparing to publish four sets of classical novels. In order to balance the annotations of the four novels, the annotations of ''The Dream of the Red Chamber'' were too long. Therefore, we accepted the readers' suggestions and deleted almost half of the annotations in the complete interpretation of ''The Dream of Red Chamber'', and the rest remained unchanged; In other words, the revised annotation version of ''The Dream of Red Chamber'' is actually an abridged version of the complete interpretation of ''The Dream of Red Chamber'' (only the annotation is deleted). Therefore, ''The Preface to Proofreading'' still uses ''The Preface to Proofreading'' of the complete interpretation of ''Dream Of Red Chamber'', and needn’t be written again.--[[User:Chen Huini|Chen Huini]] ([[User talk:Chen Huini|talk]]) 14:32, 8 November 2021 (UTC)Chen Huini&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==陈惠妮 Chén Huìnī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081479==&lt;br /&gt;
《红楼梦》以其包罗万象的内容，博大精深的思想，精湛完美的艺术，丰富生动的语言，尤其是众多栩栩如生的人物形象，不仅在中国小说史上奇峰独秀，而且在世界文学之林独树一帜。它是我国文化遗产中的珍品，值得每一个中国人所珍视。《红楼梦》在其尚未完稿的时候，已经被人竞相传抄，辗转传阅，不胫而走，蜚声神州。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''A Dream of Red Mansions'' is unique not only in the history of Chinese novels, but also in the world literature with its comprehensive contents, extensive and profound thoughts, exquisite and perfect art, rich and vivid language, and especially its numerous vivid characters. It is a treasure of our country's cultural heritage and is worth cherishing by every Chinese. ''A Dream of Red Mansions'' has been copied, circulated and spread like wildfire even when it's unfinished. It is really well-known in China.--[[User:Chen Huini|Chen Huini]] ([[User talk:Chen Huini|talk]]) 14:23, 8 November 2021 (UTC)Chen Huini&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''A Dream of Red Mansions'' is outstanding not only in the history of Chinese novels, but also in the world literature for its comprehensive contents, extensive and profound thoughts, exquisite and perfect art, rich and vivid language, and especially its numerous vivid characters. It is a treasure of our country's cultural heritage and is worth being cherished by every Chinese.Before it is finished，  ''A Dream of Red Mansions'' has been copied, circulated and spread like wildfire and it is really well-known in China.--[[User:Chen Xiangqiong|Chen Xiangqiong]] ([[User talk:Chen Xiangqiong|talk]]) 00:25, 10 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈湘琼 Chén Xiāngqióng 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081480 ==&lt;br /&gt;
不仅“士大夫几乎家有《红楼梦》一书”（清·潘炤《从心录》卷首），而且“家弦户诵，妇孺皆知”（清·缪艮《文章游戏初编》卷六）。上层社会更出现了“开谈不说《红楼梦》，读尽诗书也枉然”（清·得舆《京都竹枝词·时尚门》）的时尚。《红楼梦》的魅力也使其商业价值大增，“好事者每传抄一部，置庙市中，昂其值，得数十金，可谓不胫而走者矣”（清·程伟元《〈红楼梦〉序》）。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''A Dream of Red Mansions'' was so popular that not only scholar officals（people obtain knowledge and wealth in feudal China） read it （the first volum of ''Essay'' by Pan Zhao, Qing），but also families，even women and children ， loved it（the sixth volum of ''Preliminary Article Games'' by Miu Liang, Qing）. Moreover ,there was a climate of ''A Dream of Red Mansions'' that the upper class believed &amp;quot; it is useless to read great books without ''A Dream of Red Mansions''.（''Bamboo Pole Poem in the Capital'' by De Yu, Qing）. The charm of  ''A Dream of Red Mansions'' also rose its business value as in record： “Someone who is willing to copy  ''A Dream of Red Mansions'' and sell it can raise 10 gold ingots everytime ，and everyone know it.（ the introduction of ''A Dream of Red Mansions'', Qing）.--[[User:Chen Xiangqiong|Chen Xiangqiong]] ([[User talk:Chen Xiangqiong|talk]]) 09:44, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Not only did &amp;quot;almost every scholar had a copy of ''A Dream of Red Mansions''&amp;quot; (the first volum of Essay by Pan Zhao, Qing Dynasty), but &amp;quot;Every household recited it, and all women and children knew it&amp;quot; (the sixth volum of ''Preliminary Article Games'' by Miu Liang, Qing Dynasty). In the upper class, the fashion of &amp;quot;If you don't talk about ''A Dream of Red Mansions'', you can read all the poems and books in vain&amp;quot; (''Bamboo Pole Poem in the Capital'' by De Yu, Qing Dynasty) emerged. The charm of A Dream of Red Mansions also made its commercial value increased greatly, &amp;quot;Those who are interested in it can get a lot of money by copying one of the books and selling it in the market. The information spread quickly.&amp;quot; (the introduction of ''A Dream of Red Mansions'', Qing Dynasty)--[[User:Chen Xinyi|Chen Xinyi]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi|talk]]) 07:07, 8 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==陈心怡 Chén Xīnyí 翻译学 女 202120081481==&lt;br /&gt;
至高鹗续写后四十回、由程伟元以活字正式出版完整的一百二十回本后，更出现了风行全国的盛况。时至今日，即使读不懂《红楼梦》的人，也都看过《红楼梦》电影或电视剧，对《红楼梦》的故事和人物无不耳熟能详。因此《红楼梦》已经不是普通的小说，而成为全民珍视的国宝了。&lt;br /&gt;
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After Gao E continued to write the second forty chapters and Cheng Weiyuan officially published the complete one hundred and twenty chapters in movable type, the book became popular nationwide. To this day, even those who do not understand ''A Dream of Red Mansions'' have seen the movie or TV series versions, and are familiar with the story and characters of ''A Dream of Red Mansions''. Therefore, ''A Dream of Red Mansions'' is no longer an ordinary novel, but a national treasure cherished by all.--[[User:Chen Xinyi|Chen Xinyi]] ([[User talk:Chen Xinyi|talk]]) 06:39, 8 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==程杨 Chéng Yáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081482==&lt;br /&gt;
中国古代的文人墨客、传统学者、官僚士夫，无不鄙薄小说，最多被视为茶余饭后的谈资。唯独对《红楼梦》情有独钟，爱不释手。不仅百读不厌，而且像拜读经书般寻章摘句，眉批夹评，乐此不疲。&lt;br /&gt;
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==丁旋 Dīng Xuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081483==&lt;br /&gt;
久而久之，居然形成了“红学”。“红学”由起初对《红楼梦》的单纯评点，逐步发展成为对《红楼梦》及其作者的全面考证与研究，最后更成立了红学会，出版研究刊物，势头似乎越来越盛。这不仅是中国小说史上绝无仅有的，也是中国文学史上极其罕见的现象。&lt;br /&gt;
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As time passes, redology is actually formed. Redology was about pure comments to ''A Dream in Red Mansion'' in the beginning and it gradually developed as the comprehensive textual research and study in ''A Dream in Red Mansion'' and its author. Finally, we even established redologist institution and published research periodicals, the momentum of redology more and more flourishing. This phenomenon is not only unique in the history of Chinese novels, but extremely rare in the history of Chinese literature. --[[User:Ding Xuan|Ding Xuan]] ([[User talk:Ding Xuan|talk]]) 05:29, 9 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杜莉娜 Dù Lìnà 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081484==&lt;br /&gt;
遗憾的是，“红学家”们对《红楼梦》的作者及其版本似乎偏爱有加，而对《红楼梦》的思想和艺术价值却缺乏足够的兴趣，因此考证作者和版本的文章和著作连篇累牍，而研究《红楼梦》思想和艺术价值的成果却寥若晨星。我认为这是本末倒置。一个作家的价值不在于其生平如何，而在于其作品的思想和艺术水平的高低；是作品决定作家的价值，而不是作家决定作品的价值。&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Unfortunately, redologists ( who are specialists in A Dream of the Red Chamber) seemingly are partial to research on the writer and verison of this book, but are short of interest for it's thought and artistic value. And therefore there are a lot of articles and books about the former while very few about the latter. It seems to me that puts the cart before the horse. What a writer is worth lies in thoughts and artistic level in his/her works but not in his/her life story; and the value of a writer depends on his/her production, not vice versa.--[[User:Du Lina|Du Lina]] ([[User talk:Du Lina|talk]]) 13:31, 6 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Unfortunately, redologists ( who are specialists in A Dream of the Red Chamber) seem to prefer  to research on the writer and versions of this book, but are short of interest in the thought and artistic value. And therefore there are a lot of articles and books about the former while very few about the latter. It seems to me that puts the cart before the horse. What a writer is worth lies in thoughts and artistic level in his/her works but not in his/her life story; and the value of a writer depends on his/her production, not vice versa.--[[User:Fu Hongyan|Fu Hongyan]] ([[User talk:Fu Hongyan|talk]]) 14:10, 9 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==付红岩 Fù Hóngyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081485==&lt;br /&gt;
读者对于作品的选择与评价，也只着眼于作品本身，而非作家本人。一部伟大的作品，即使作者佚名，也不影响其伟大，照样受到读者的追捧；相反，如果一个伟大作家偶然写了一部低劣的作品，读者也决不买账。因此“红学”的研究重点应该是《红楼梦》本身，而不是《红楼梦》作者。&lt;br /&gt;
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Readers' choice and evaluation towards works is based on the works themselves, rather than the writers. As anonymous is the writer, the valued of a great work is definitely unlikely to be underestimated, which is still welcomed by the public. Likewise, readers cannot be attracted by the inferior work written by a great writer. Therefore, redology is supposed to focus on the context, instead of the writer Cao Xueqin--[[User:Fu Hongyan|Fu Hongyan]] ([[User talk:Fu Hongyan|talk]]) 14:01, 9 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==付诗雨 Fù Shīyǔ 日语语言文学 女 202120081486==&lt;br /&gt;
当然也应该了解作者，但目的只是为了有助于深入了解《红楼梦》，仅此而已。我认为要想深入研究《红楼梦》，首先必须完全读懂《红楼梦》。如果对《红楼梦》的文本只是一知半解，那么所谓研究，势必如医生不明病人的病情而乱开药方，不仅治不好病，倒可能致人于死命。&lt;br /&gt;
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Certainly, we should also know the author, but the purpose is nothing more than to help us understand ''A Dream of Red Mansions'' in depth. I think that in order to make a further research on ''A Dream of Red Mansions'', we must first have a thorough understanding of it. If we have only a sketchy knowledge of the text of ''A Dream of Red Mansions'', then the so-called research would definitely be like the prescriptions prescribed indiscriminately without knowing the patient's condition. Not only can it not cure the disease, but it may lead to death.--[[User:Fu Shiyu|Fu Shiyu]] ([[User talk:Fu Shiyu|talk]]) 13:53, 6 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Certainly, we should also know about the author, but only with the purpose of deepening our understanding of the work. I think that further researches on ''A Dream of Red Mansions'' necessitate a thorough understanding of it. If we have only a sketchy knowledge of the text of ''A Dream of Red Mansions'', then the so-called research would definitely be like the prescriptions written indiscriminately by a doctor unaware of the patient's condition. Not only can it not cure the disease, but it may lead to death. --[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 03:04, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==高蜜 Gāo Mì 翻译学 女 202120081487==&lt;br /&gt;
《红楼梦》研究中的许多无谓争论，正是研究者没有读懂《红楼梦》或对《红楼梦》文本的不同理解所致。因此对《红楼梦》文本的注释，显然是《红楼梦》研究的基础工作。其次，当今的读者和观众虽然热衷于《红楼梦》，但真正能够全面深入理解《红楼梦》的人恐怕并不很多。&lt;br /&gt;
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A great many arguments regarding the study of ''A Dream of Red Mansions'', caused either by an incomplete understanding or different understandings of the text, are pointless. Therefore, it's apparent that annotating ''A Dream of Red Mansions'' is a foundation work for its further study. Besides, though today's readers and audience are crazy about the book, I'm afraid that not many of them get to know it thoroughly. --[[User:Gao Mi|Gao Mi]] ([[User talk:Gao Mi|talk]]) 03:09, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==宫博雅 Gōng Bóyǎ 俄语语言文学 女 202120081488==&lt;br /&gt;
这是因为，《红楼梦》不是普通的白话小说，不是简单地为读者讲故事，不是为读者提供茶馀饭后的谈资，更不是为了赚稿费餬口（那时根本不存在稿费制度）。它不仅是一部反映封建社会的“百科全书”，而且作者还对人类共同关心的一些问题，如人生的目的、人性的善恶、爱情的真谛、宗教的精义等进行了探索。作品涉及的内容几乎无所不包，从至高无上的皇帝，到“芥豆之微”的细民，从国家的政治、军事、经济到百姓的日常生活，举凡天文、地理、动物、植物、建筑、服饰、医卜星相、琴棋书画等等，无不尽收笔底。&lt;br /&gt;
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This is because ''a Dream of Red Mansions'' is not an ordinary vernacular novel. It is not simply a story for readers to read, not a topic for after-dinner conversation, or a way to earn a living (there was no contribution fee system at that time). It is not only an &amp;quot;encyclopedia&amp;quot; reflecting the feudal society, but also explores some common issues of human concern, such as the purpose of life, the good and evil of human nature, the true meaning of love, the essence of religion and so on. The works cover almost everything, from the supreme emperor to the ordinary people, from national politics, military affairs, economy to the daily life of the people, including astronomy, geography, animals, plants, architecture, clothing, medicine, astrology and practise divination, poetry and painting and so on, they're all in the book.--[[User:Gong Boya|Gong Boya]] ([[User talk:Gong Boya|talk]]) 13:47, 6 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==何芩 Hé Qín 翻译学 女 202120081489==&lt;br /&gt;
作者还调动了自己的全部才能和知识，汲取了前人的成果，撰写并引用了大量诗、词、曲、赋、歌、诔、谜语、酒令等，作为描写人物、叙述故事、揭示主题的艺术手段，从而成为作品的重要组成部分。这其中蕴藏着许多成语、典故和各种知识，现在的一般读者是很难读懂的。此外，由于曹雪芹以其家事为《红楼梦》的蓝本，且暴露了不少家丑，如秦可卿的淫荡乱伦等，因而大量采用了《春秋》笔法，即作者所谓将“真事隐去”，以“假语村言”的曲折方式进行暗示或隐寓，致使《红楼梦》扑朔迷离，迷雾重重。&lt;br /&gt;
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==胡舒情 Hú Shūqíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081490==&lt;br /&gt;
因此帮助广大读者读懂《红楼梦》，也是《红楼梦》研究者义不容辞的责任。而要使读者读懂《红楼梦》，只作简单的文字注释不解决问题，必须加以详细注释，将隐藏于《红楼梦》字里行间的寓意一一揭示出来，才能完全展示《红楼梦》的本来面貌。我从学生时代起就期待这种《红楼梦》的详注本出现，一直等了半个世纪，可惜望眼欲穿而不见踪影。&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄锦云 Huáng Jǐnyún 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081491==&lt;br /&gt;
很显然，“红学家”的队伍虽然不断壮大，看来他们对这种注释工作似乎不屑一顾。于是我这个“红学”的门外汉便斗胆一试，结果试出了这个《红楼梦》校注本。我这是“人弃我取”，希望不至于冒犯任何人。&lt;br /&gt;
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Obviously, the amount of redologists who are sepcalists in A Dream of Red Mansion was increasing. They seemed to pay no attention to annotate that book, but I, as a layman, took a chance and tried to make the annotation of A Dream of Red Mansion. I thought it was an attitude of doing the things others gave up, which would not offend anyone.--[[User:Huang Jinyun|Huang Jinyun]] ([[User talk:Huang Jinyun|talk]]) 13:52, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Obviously, the amount of redologists sepcalizing in A Dream of Red Mansion was increasing. They seemed to pay little attention to annotate that book, but I, as a layman, took a chance and tried to make the annotation of A Dream of Red Mansion. I thought it was an attitude of doing things others gave up, which I hope would not offend anyone.--[[User:Huang Yiyan1|Huang Yiyan1]] ([[User talk:Huang Yiyan1|talk]]) 14:20, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄逸妍 Huáng Yìyán 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081492==&lt;br /&gt;
如果能成为“引玉”之“砖”，即使要做“众矢之的”，招来“万箭攒射”，我也决不后悔，因为这也算是我对《红楼梦》读者的小小奉献了。下面仅就与校注工作有关的几个具体问题略作说明。&lt;br /&gt;
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一、作者问题&lt;br /&gt;
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If I can serve as a modest spur to induce someone to come forward with his valuable contributions, I will never regret even if I could be the target of public criticism. It is because that the annotation work  is also my dedication to the readers of A Dream in Red Mansions. And I will explain a little about the specific questions in proofreading below. 1. The Question of Author--[[User:Huang Yiyan1|Huang Yiyan1]] ([[User talk:Huang Yiyan1|talk]]) 12:40, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==曾俊霖 Zēng Jùnlín 国别 男 202120081493==&lt;br /&gt;
中国文学史中有两个突出现象：一是在封建时代得意并著名的文人不写小说；二是小说作品多不署名或只署化名。这完全是由封建统治者造成的。封建统治者的文学观是纯粹的政治功利主义，即所谓“文以载道”。&lt;br /&gt;
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==黄柱梁 Huáng Zhùliáng 国别 男 202120081493==&lt;br /&gt;
他们认为小说不仅不能“载道”，而且往往“诲淫诲盗”，对封建统治构成威胁。因此不仅将小说排斥在正统文学之外，甚至常常以“禁毁”的方式加以扫荡。在文网森严及小说地位低贱的环境下，多数文人自然不敢或不屑从事小说的创作；而那些痴迷小说的作者也就不敢或不愿在小说作品上亮出自己的真名实姓。They faithfully believe that novels not only can not &amp;quot;educate citizens of Qing Dynasty&amp;quot;, but also often be blessed with &amp;quot;obscenity and theft&amp;quot;, which poses a threat to feudal rule.Therefore, novels are not only excluded from orthodox literature, but also often cleaned up in the way of &amp;quot;prohibition and destruction&amp;quot;. In the social background of highly strict policy of Literary Network and low status of novels, most scholars naturally dare not or disdain to engage in novel creation; Those who are obsessed with novels are afraid or unwilling to show their real names in their novels.--[[User:Huang Zhuliang|Huang Zhuliang]] ([[User talk:Huang Zhuliang|talk]]) 02:46, 10 November 2021 (UTC)Huang Zhuliang&lt;br /&gt;
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==金晓童 Jīn Xiǎotóng  202120081494==&lt;br /&gt;
因此研究中国古代小说多了一项工作，即不得不对小说作者加以考证。《红楼梦》也不例外，它的作者连化名都未署一个。“红学家”们为了考证它的作者，不知耗费了多少精力和时间，然而由于史料不足，至今仍然众说纷纭,难以形成共识。&lt;br /&gt;
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Therefore, there is one more task to study ancient Chinese novels, that is, we have to do textual research on the authors of the novels. ''A Dream of Red Mansions'' is no exception. Its author does not even have a pseudonym. In order to do textual research on its author, the &amp;quot;redologists&amp;quot; spent a lot of energy and time. However, due to the lack of historical data, opinions are still varied and it is difficult to reach a consensus.--[[User:Jin Xiaotong|Jin Xiaotong]] ([[User talk:Jin Xiaotong|talk]]) 01:57, 6 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邝艳丽 Kuàng Yànl 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081495==&lt;br /&gt;
据我个人所知，至少就有七种说法：其一为“曹作高续”说。即认为曹雪芹写到八十回而去世，并可能留下了后四十回的某些提纲以及部分书稿；高鹗根据曹雪芹的这些提纲、书稿以及前八十回中的许多暗示，还可能参考了其他人的续作，完成了后四十回的创作，并对前八十回加以修订，从而使《红楼梦》成为完璧。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李爱璇 Lǐ Àixuán 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081496==&lt;br /&gt;
其二为“曹作程续高订”说。即认为前八十回的作者是曹雪芹，后四十回的作者是程伟元，高鹗只是参加了全书的修订工作。其三为“曹作高续程订”说。即认为前八十回的作者是曹雪芹，后四十回的作者是高鹗，程伟元则对曹雪芹的前八十回加以修订。&lt;br /&gt;
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The second is the theory of &amp;quot;Cao came to write, Cheng continued to write, Gao to revise&amp;quot;. That is, the author of the first 80 chapters is Cao Xueqin, the author of the last 40 chapters is Cheng Weiyuan, and Gao E only participated in the revision of the whole book. The third is the theory of &amp;quot;Cao came to write, Gao continued to write, Cheng to revise&amp;quot;. That is, the author of the first 80 chapters is Cao Xueqin, the author of the last 40 chapters is Gao E, and Cheng Weiyuan revised Cao Xueqin's first 80 chapters.--[[User:Li Aixuan|Li Aixuan]] ([[User talk:Li Aixuan|talk]]) 12:47, 6 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李瑞洋 Lǐ Ruìyáng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081497==&lt;br /&gt;
其四为“曹作某续高订”说。即认为在程伟元和高鹗之前，已有人为曹雪芹的未完稿续写完全，程伟元将搜集到的抄本交由高鹗修订，然后刊行。其五为“曹作程高修订”说。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李姗 Lǐ Shān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081498==&lt;br /&gt;
即认为曹雪芹已经完成了《红楼梦》全书，只是未遑修饰而去世，后由程伟元和高鹗共同修订并刊行。其六为“叔作侄订”说。即认为《红楼梦》的原作者是曹雪芹的叔父曹頫，也就是给《红楼梦》加批的“脂砚斋”；曹雪芹只是对它“披阅十载，增删五次”。&lt;br /&gt;
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It was commonly believed that Cao Xueqin had finished the draft of ''A Dream in Red Mansions''. As a result of his death it was not published by himself. However, co-revised and published by Cheng Weiyuan an Gao 'E later on. Rumar had it that this classic was the common product of the uncle and the nephew. Which shows, the original author of that masterpiece was Cao Fu, Cao Xueqin's uncle, who was at the same time the only one who added notes in that masterpiece, and Cao Xueqin just repeatedly revised it.--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 13:35, 6 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Mahzad Heydarian|Mahzad Heydarian]] ([[User talk:Mahzad Heydarian|talk]]) 22:31, 8 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李双 Lǐ Shuāng 翻译学 女 202120081499==&lt;br /&gt;
其七为“某作曹订”说。即认为《红楼梦》的原作者是个与曹家毫不相干的无名氏，曹雪芹只是个修订者。“红学家”对《红楼梦》作者的意见分歧，使出版者无所适从，因而造成了新版《红楼梦》署名的混乱：或只署曹雪芹，或并署曹雪芹、高鹗，或干脆不署名。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李文璇 Lǐ Wénxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081500==&lt;br /&gt;
由于我对这个问题缺乏专门研究，只能在以上七种说法中加以选择。我认为这七种说法都有一定的根据，均非空穴来风。但相比之下，第一种说法的证据更为充分，也得到了学界的普遍认可，因此仍将曹雪芹和高鹗作为《红楼梦》的共同作者。&lt;br /&gt;
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Because of a lack of specialized research to this question, I had to select from the seven statements above. I thought that the seven statements were of certain basis. However, with comparison, the evidence of first statement was more sufficient, and was largely approved by the academic circles. So, Cao Xueqin and Gao E were still regarded as the co-author of ''the Dream of the Red Chamber''.  --[[User:Li Wenxuan|Li Wenxuan]] ([[User talk:Li Wenxuan|talk]]) 01:47, 6 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李雯 Lǐ Wén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081501==&lt;br /&gt;
至于这种说法的具体根据，以及两作者的生平，已见于不少专文，这里不再赘述。&lt;br /&gt;
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二、版本问题&lt;br /&gt;
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由于《红楼梦》创作过程和流传过程的特殊性，造成了《红楼梦》版本的复杂性。&lt;br /&gt;
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==李新星 Lǐ Xīnxīng 亚非语言文学 女 202120081503==&lt;br /&gt;
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而《红楼梦》版本的复杂性，又迫使我们不得不有所选择。《红楼梦》的创作和流传过程可以分为四个阶段：其一是曹雪芹的创作阶段。虽然曹雪芹自称“披阅十载，增删五次”，其实由于他溘然而逝，只留下了一部《红楼梦》的未完稿和未定稿。&lt;br /&gt;
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The complexity of the version of a Dream of Red Mansions forces us to make choices. The creation and spread of a Dream of Red Mansions can be divided into four stages: one is cao Xueqin's creation stage. Although Cao Xueqin claimed that &amp;quot;reading for ten years, adding and deleting five times&amp;quot;, in fact, because of his death, leaving only a dream of red Mansions unfinished and unfinished.--[[User:Li Xinxing|Li Xinxing]] ([[User talk:Li Xinxing|talk]]) 08:59, 9 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The complexity of the version of a ''dream of Red Mansions'' forces us to choose. The creation and spread of a ''dream of Red Mansions'' can be divided into four stages: one is the creation stage of Cao Xueqin. Although Cao Xueqin claimed to &amp;quot;read for ten years, add and delete five times&amp;quot;, in fact, due to his death, only one unfinished and undecided version of a dream of Red Mansions was left.--[[User:Li Yi|Li Yi]] ([[User talk:Li Yi|talk]]) 14:16, 9 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==李怡 Lǐ Yí 法语语言文学 女 202120081504==&lt;br /&gt;
他只完成了八十回，约相当于全书的三分之二。他不仅未对这八十回的书稿进行修订润色，而且还有不少待补的缺文。以“红学家”认为最好的版本“庚辰本”为例：第十七、十八两回合用一套回目，第十九回没有回目；第二十二回写荣国府作灯谜游戏，“此回未成而芹逝矣”(脂砚斋批语)，以至不仅缺了主要人物贾宝玉、林黛玉和史湘云的灯谜，而且本回还有不少其他缺文；如此等等。&lt;br /&gt;
He completed only eighty times, about two-thirds of the book. Not only did he leave the eighty drafts unrevised, but there was still much to be done. To the researcher of a dream of Red Mansions that the best version of the &amp;quot;gengchen Ben&amp;quot; as an example: the 17th, 18th round with a set of return, the 19th back no return; The twenty-second time to write rongguo Mansion for lantern riddle game, the chapter is unfinished but Cao Xueqin is dead (the ink stone lent comments), so that not only the lack of lantern riddles of the main characters Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu and Shi Xiangyun, and this time there are many other lack of text; And so on.--[[User:Li Yi|Li Yi]] ([[User talk:Li Yi|talk]]) 05:26, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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He completed only eighty chapters, about two-thirds of the whole book. Not only did he leave the eighty drafts unrevised and unpolished, but there was still much missing pages to be filled. Take the “Gengchen Version” as an example, which was considered the best version by Redology scholars, the 17th, 18th chapters kept the same content and the 19th had no content; The chapter 22, which was about Rongguo Mansion' lantern riddle game, was unfinished before Cao Xueqin passed away. (comments from the Ink Stone Lent), so that there was not only a lack of lantern riddles of the main characters Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu and Shi Xiangyun, but also many other contents, and so on.--[[User:Liu Peiting|Liu Peiting]] ([[User talk:Liu Peiting|talk]]) 06:53, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘沛婷 Liú Pèitíng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081505==&lt;br /&gt;
其二是曹雪芹《红楼梦》八十回本的传抄阶段，其间大约近三十年。由于抄书速度很慢，《红楼梦》的篇幅又很长，要想在短时间内抄完一部，需集多人之手。故多为达官显宦之家雇佣抄手，集体完成。&lt;br /&gt;
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The second lay in the transmission and copying stage of 80 chapters of Cao Xueqin's ''A Dream of Red Mansions'', which lasted about 30 years. Due to the slow speed of copying and the long length of the novel, it required cooperation in order to scribe it done in a short time. Therefore it was the noble officials anddignitaries who often hired scribes to do the task together.--[[User:Liu Peiting|Liu Peiting]] ([[User talk:Liu Peiting|talk]]) 06:39, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The second stage is the transmission and copying of 80 chapters of ''A Dream of Red Mansions'' written by Cao Xueqin, which lasted about 30 years. Due to the slow speed of copying and the long length of the novel, it required cooperation in order to scribe it done in a short time. Therefore it was the noble officials anddignitaries who often hired scribes to do the task together.--[[User:Liu Shengnan|Liu Shengnan]] ([[User talk:Liu Shengnan|talk]]) 05:33, 10 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘胜楠 Liú Shèngnán 翻译学 女 202120081506==&lt;br /&gt;
又因它是一部未完稿和未定稿，抄手便自觉或不自觉地加以增删修改；而抄手大多水平不高，且良莠不齐，鲁鱼亥豕，在所难免。从而导致大量异文乃至讹误的产生。其三是高鹗和程伟元续写后四十回并对全书进行修订和刊行的阶段。&lt;br /&gt;
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And because it was an unfinished and undecided manuscript, the copywriters consciously or unconsciously added, deleted  and modified it. Most copywriters lacked skills and the level of copying varied in quality. Accordingly, it was inevitable that clerical errors occurred, which led to a large number of variant versions of the book and even misinterpretations in the text. The third was the stage when Gao E and Cheng Weiyuan wrote a continuation of 40 chapters for ''A Dream in Red Mansions'', revised and published the whole book.--[[User:Liu Shengnan|Liu Shengnan]] ([[User talk:Liu Shengnan|talk]]) 13:29, 6 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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And because it was an unfinished and undecided manuscript, the copywriters consciously or unconsciously added, deleted or modified it; Because most copywriters lacked skills and their level of copying varied in quality.so it was inevitable that led to a large number of different texts and even errors in the text. The third was the stage when Gao E and Cheng Weiyuan continued to write the last 40 chapters of ''A Dream in Red Mansions'',revised and published the whole book.  --[[User:Liu Wei|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei|talk]]) 03:47, 7 November 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘薇 Liú Wēi 国别 女 202120081507==&lt;br /&gt;
其间又可分为四段：首先由程伟元对各种《红楼梦》抄本加以搜集(其中可能包括无名氏续写的书稿)；其次由高鹗续写后四十回，并对前八十回进行大量修订(程伟元也可能参与了修订工作)；又次由程伟元于乾隆五十六年（公元1791年）用活字排印出版一百二十回本，后来被胡适先生命名为“程甲本”；次年由高鹗和程伟元对“程甲本”加以修订再版，后来又被胡适先生命名为“程乙本”。据说还有“程丙本”，如今已经不知下落，据个别看过的人说，较之“程乙本”改动甚少，因而可以置之不论。&lt;br /&gt;
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It can be divided into four periods: firstly, Cheng Weiyuan collected various transcripts of ''A Dream of Red Mansions ''(including the manuscripts of a sequel written by anonymous authors); Secondly, Gao E continued to write the last 40 chapters and made a lot of revisions to the first 80 chapters (Cheng Weiyuan may also had participated in the revision work); thirdly, another 120 copies were printed and published by Cheng Weiyuan in movable type in the 56th year of the emperor of Qianlong (AD 1791), which was later named &amp;quot;Cheng Jiaben&amp;quot; by Mr. Hu Shi;Lastly, in the following year, Gao E and Cheng Weiyuan revised and republished the &amp;quot;Cheng Jia Ben&amp;quot;, which was later named &amp;quot;Cheng Yi Ben&amp;quot; by Mr. Hu Shi. It is said that there is also &amp;quot;Cheng bing ben&amp;quot;, which is unknown now. According to someone who have seen it, there are few changes compared with &amp;quot;Cheng yiben&amp;quot;, so it can be set aside.   --[[User:Liu Wei|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei|talk]]) 03:22, 7 November 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei&lt;br /&gt;
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It can be divided into four stages: in the first stage, Cheng Weiyuan collected all kinds of  transcripts of ''A Dream of Red Mansions'' (including the manuscripts of a sequel written by unknown authors); Secondly, Gao E continued the last 40 chapters and made a lot of revisions to the first 80 ones (Cheng Weiyuan may also had participated in the revision work); thirdly, another 120 copies were printed and published by Cheng Weiyuan in movable type in the 56th year under the reign of the  emperor Qianlong (AD 1791), which were later named &amp;quot;Cheng Jia (the first) Editions&amp;quot; by Hu Shi; Lastly, in the following year, Gao E and Cheng Weiyuan revised and republished the &amp;quot;Cheng Jia Edition&amp;quot;, which was later named &amp;quot;Cheng Yi (the second) Edition&amp;quot; by Hu Shi. It is said that there was also &amp;quot;Cheng Bing (the third) Edition&amp;quot;, which now has no whereabouts. According to someone who had once read it, compared with &amp;quot;Cheng Yi Edition&amp;quot;, there were so few changes that it could be set aside.--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 15:11, 8 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘晓 Liú Xiǎo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081508==&lt;br /&gt;
其四是《红楼梦》刊本的流传阶段。此段从程伟元的活字本问世开始，直到现在。在刊本出现后，虽然由于某些人的爱好或习惯，仍有抄本流传，但已是强弩之末，不成气候，而刊本的流传却如燎原之势，席卷全国。&lt;br /&gt;
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The fourth period is the circulation of the printed versions of ''a Dream of Red Mansions''. This stage has been going on since Cheng Weiyuan's movable printed editions were published. After these versions appeared, though transcripts were still spreading due to some people's hobbies or habits, it was like a spent arrow and no longer had great influence, while the printed versions spread and swept like fire through the country.--[[User:Liu Xiao|Liu Xiao]] ([[User talk:Liu Xiao|talk]]) 14:22, 6 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The fourth period is the circulation of the printed versions of ''a Dream of Red Mansions''. This stage start from cheng Weiyuan's movable type book came out and until now. After the publication appeared, although due to some people's hobbies or habits,  it was like a spent arrow and no longer had great influence, while the printed versions spread and swept like fire through the country.--[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 07:00, 8 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘越 Liú Yuè 亚非语言文学 女 202120081509==&lt;br /&gt;
《红楼梦》如此特殊的创作和流传过程，导致了《红楼梦》的“三多”现象：版本多，异文多，讹误多。幸运的是，近几十年来，这些版本不仅不断被发现，而且陆续被影印出版，从而使我们得以大饱眼福。仅就我个人视野所及，即有十二种版本，而且五花八门：或名《石头记》(5种)，或名《红楼梦》(7种)；或为抄本(10种)，或为刊本(2种)；或为八十回系统(8种，其中6种为残本)，或为一百二十回系统(4种)。&lt;br /&gt;
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The special creation and dissemination process of a Dream of Red Mansions leads to the phenomenon of &amp;quot;three many&amp;quot; : many versions, many different texts and many errors. Fortunately, in recent decades, these editions have not only been discovered, but photocopied and published, so that we can feast our eyes on them. As far as I can see, there are twelve versions, and they are diverse，named as &amp;quot;The Story of Stone&amp;quot; (five versions) or &amp;quot;A Dream of Red Mansions&amp;quot; (seven versions). Some are codex (10 kinds) and some are  periodical (2 kinds); Some are 80 chapter system (8 types, 6 of which are incomplete) and some are 120 chapter system (4 types).--[[User:Liu Yue|Liu Yue]] ([[User talk:Liu Yue|talk]]) 06:53, 8 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==刘运心 Liú Yùnxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081510==&lt;br /&gt;
《红楼梦》的众多版本，对于研究者是极有价值的，它们可以帮助研究者分析《红楼梦》的创作过程和流传过程，并进行比较研究。但对于普通读者来说，如此眼花缭乱的版本，犹如坠入五里雾中，使他们无从选择。因此《红楼梦》的研究者有义务为他们提供一个最好的版本。&lt;br /&gt;
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The various versions of ''Dream of the Red Chamber'' have enormous value to researchers. They can be helpful to researchers in analyzing the processes of creation and dissemination, and facilitating comparative studies. However, for common readers, such a dazzling array of versions might leave them with a foggy head and unable to decide. Therefore, researchers are obliged to offer the best version. --[[User:Liu Yunxin|Liu Yunxin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yunxin|talk]]) 06:09, 10 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗安怡 Luó Ānyí 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081511==&lt;br /&gt;
况且为了很好地保存这笔珍贵的文化遗产，也必须确立一种《红楼梦》的最好版本。那么哪一种版本是《红楼梦》的最好版本呢？答案就是“程乙本”。鉴于至今仍有“红学家”对高鹗续写的《红楼梦》后四十回既持否定态度，又在出版《红楼梦》时不得不用它与曹雪芹的前八十回相配为完整的一百二十回本，我在这里必须首先对高续后四十回的价值略作说明。&lt;br /&gt;
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Moreover, in order to preserve this precious cultural heritage, it is also necessary to establish the best version of ''Dream of the Red Chamber''. So which is the best version? The answer is &amp;quot;Cheng Yi Ben&amp;quot;. Since, when publishing ''Dream of the Red Chamber'', there are still &amp;quot;Redologists&amp;quot; who have a negative attitude towards Gao E 's subsequent writing of the later forty chapters of ''Dream of the Red Chamber'', and who had to use Gao‘ s creation in conjunction with Cao Xueqin's first eighty chapters as the complete one—hundred and twenty chapters, I must first give a brief explanation of the value of Gao's continuation of the later forty chapters.--[[User:Luo Anyi|Luo Anyi]] ([[User talk:Luo Anyi|talk]]) 07:18, 8 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==罗曦 Luó Xī 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081512==&lt;br /&gt;
率先冲破评点派和索隐派而从中国小说发展史的角度客观评价高鹗续书的是胡适先生。他在1921年11月12日定稿的《〈红楼梦〉考证》（见1923年亚东图书馆版《胡适文存》）中说：我们平心而论，高鹗补的四十回，虽然比不上前八十回，也确然有不可埋没的好处。他写司棋之死，写鸳鸯之死，写妙玉的遭遇，写凤姐的死，写袭人的嫁，都是很有精采的小品文字。&lt;br /&gt;
The man who first transcend the groups of criticizing and objectively comment the continuation of Gao E from the perspective of the history of the development of Chinese novels is Hu Shi.He said in his 《Test of the Dream of the red mansions》finalised in 1921，12th November that：“To be honest，Gao E’s supplementary forty chapters，though not comparable to the original eighty chapters，still boast their own outstanding merits.For instance，he wrote the death of Si Qi，of Yuan Yang，of Feng Jie，the encounter of Miao Yu and the marriage of Xi Ren，are all excellent facetious words.--[[User:Luo Xi|Luo Xi]] ([[User talk:Luo Xi|talk]]) 12:08, 9 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==马新 Mǎ Xīn 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081513==&lt;br /&gt;
最可注意的是这些人都写作悲剧的下场。还有那最重要的“木石前盟”一件公案，高鹗居然忍心害理的教黛玉病死，教宝玉出家，作一个大悲剧的结束，打破了中国小说的团圆迷信。这一点悲剧的眼光，不能不令人佩服。&lt;br /&gt;
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It is noteworthy that all these people wrote about tragic endings, expecially th most important case of &amp;quot; Wood and Stone's Previous Oath&amp;quot;. In the novel, Gao E auturally had the heart to leave Daiyu to die of illness and Baoyu to become a monk. He made it ended up as a great tragedy and broke the routine of &amp;quot;reunion superstition&amp;quot; in traditional Chinese novels, which could not be more admirable from the tragic perspective.--[[User:Ma Xin|Ma Xin]] ([[User talk:Ma Xin|talk]]) 05:00, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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It is most noteworthy that all these characters are created with tragic endings. And as regards the most important case --- &amp;quot;The Pledge in front of Wood and Stone&amp;quot;, in the novel, the author Gao E actually ended Daiyu's life with death resulting from illness and left Baoyu (Precious Jade Merchant) to become a monk. Gao E finished ''A Dream of Red Mansions'' with a tragical epilogue so as to break the superstition that Chinese novels routinely end in happy reunion. In this sense, Gao E's tragic perspective deserves admiration and praise.--[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 08:09, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛雅文 Máo Yǎwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081514==&lt;br /&gt;
我们试看高鹗以后，那许多续《红楼梦》和补《红楼梦》的人，那一个不是想把黛玉、晴雯都从棺材里扶出来，重新配给宝玉？那一个不是想做一部“团圆”的《红楼梦》的？我们这里退一步想，就不能不佩服高鹗的补本了。我们不但佩服，还应该感谢他，因为他这部悲剧的补本……居然打倒了后来无数的团圆《红楼梦》，居然替中国保存了一部有悲剧下场的小说！&lt;br /&gt;
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As we can see, after Gao E finished ''A Dream of Red Mansions'' (which was left unfinished by the previous author Cao Xueqin), many of those who wrote this work continually or supplementarily were all eager to save Lin Daiyu and Qing Wen (or Sunny Cloud Formation), who died and lay in coffin, and then to betroth them to Jia Baoyu (or Precious Jade Merchant). And these writers all had the desire to end the story in a warm reunion. On second thought, we cannot but have a high opinion of Gao E's supplementary version ''A Dream of Red Mansions''. Arguably, not only should we admire but show gratitude for him, on the grounds that, his edition packed with tragic color is unexpectedly more laudatory than those with happy endings, actually preserving a novel with the tragical epilogue in China.--[[User:Mao Yawen|Mao Yawen]] ([[User talk:Mao Yawen|talk]]) 07:35, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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As we can see, after Gao E finished ''A Dream of Red Mansions'' (which was left unfinished by the previous author Cao Xueqin), many of those who wrote this work continually or supplementarily were all eager to save Lin Daiyu and Qing Wen (or Sunny Cloud Formation), who died and lay in coffin, and then to betroth them to Jia Baoyu (or Precious Jade Merchant). Which writer did not want to create &amp;quot;A Dream of the Red mansion&amp;quot; with a reunion ending? On second thought, we cannot but have a high opinion of Gao E's supplementary version ''A Dream of Red Mansions''. Arguably, not only should we admire but show gratitude for him, on the grounds that, his edition packed with tragic color is unexpectedly more laudatory than those with happy endings, actually preserving a novel with the tragical epilogue in China.--[[User:Mao You|Mao You]] ([[User talk:Mao You|talk]]) 12:33, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==毛优 Máo Yōu 俄语语言文学 女 202120081515==&lt;br /&gt;
几乎与胡适同时，俞平伯先生也对高鹗的续书予以专章论述。他在1923年亚东图书馆出版的《红楼梦辨·论续书底不可能》中说：从高鹗以下，百馀年来，续《红楼梦》的人如此之多，但都是失败的……我以为凡书都不能续，不但《红楼梦》不能续；凡续书的人都失败，不但高鹗诸人失败而已。&lt;br /&gt;
Almost at the same time as Hu Shi, Mr. Yu Pingbo also devoted a chapter to the continuation of Gao E's book. He said in the &amp;quot;A Dream of the Red Mansion - the impossibility of the continuation of the book&amp;quot; published by the Yadong Library in 1923: From Gao E down, more than a hundred years, so many people have renewed the &amp;quot;A Dream of the Red Mansion&amp;quot;, but they all failed ...... I think all books can not be renewed, not only the &amp;quot;A Dream of the Red Mansion&amp;quot; can not be renewed; all the people who renewed the book failed, not only Gao E and others failed.--[[User:Mao You|Mao You]] ([[User talk:Mao You|talk]]) 12:27, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Almost at the same time as Hu Shi, Mr. Yu Pingbo also devoted a comment chapter to the continuation of Gao E. He said in the &amp;quot;A Dream of the Red Mansion - the impossibility of the continuation of the book&amp;quot; published by the Yadong Library in 1923: Since Gao E, more than a hundred years, so many people have renewed the &amp;quot;A Dream of the Red Mansion&amp;quot;, but they all failed ... I think all books can not be renewed, not only the &amp;quot;A Dream of the Red Mansion&amp;quot; is in the case; all the people who renewed books failed, not only Gao E and others did.--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 01:43, 8 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==牟一心 Móu Yīxīn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081516==&lt;br /&gt;
因此他的结论是：高鹗诸人续写的《红楼梦》都是“狗尾续貂”。俞先生“凡书都不能续”、“凡续书的人都失败”的说法未免武断，至少措辞不够严谨。事实上，成功的续书并非没有，只是不多。&lt;br /&gt;
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Therefore, his conclusion is: The continuations of &amp;quot;The Dream of Red Mansions&amp;quot; written by the Gao E and others are all &amp;quot;wretched sequels to a masterpiece.&amp;quot; Mr. Yu’s statement that “every book cannot be continued” and “everyone who renews a book fails” is a bit too arbitrary, at least the wording is not rigorous enough. In fact, successful continuations do exist, but are not substantial.--[[User:Mou Yixin|Mou Yixin]] ([[User talk:Mou Yixin|talk]]) 01:29, 8 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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He therefore concludes that the sequels to Dream of the Red Chamber written by the Gao Ospreys are all &amp;quot;dog tails on a marten&amp;quot;, which means a wretched sequels to a masterpiece. Mr. Yu's statement that &amp;quot;all books cannot be renewed&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;all those who renew books will fail&amp;quot; is arbitrary, or at least not carefully worded. In fact, successful continuations do exist, but are not substantial.--[[User:Peng Ruixue|Peng Ruixue]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruixue|talk]]) 23:35, 9 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==彭瑞雪 Péng Ruìxuě 法语语言文学 女 202120081517==&lt;br /&gt;
且不说成功的学术著作不乏范例，就是小说作品的续书也有成功的。譬如清代陈忱的《水浒后传》、近代吴趼人的《新石头记》，就都是别开生面之作。不过俞先生毕竟是严肃的学者，尽管他对高鹗的续书很不满意，却对高鹗的功绩予以肯定。&lt;br /&gt;
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Not to mention that there is no shortage of examples of successful scholarly works, there are also successful sequels to works of fiction. For example, Chen Chen's ''The Afterlife of Water Margin'' in the Qing dynasty and Wu Jianren's ''The New Story of the Stone'' in the modern era are both original works. But Mr. Yu, after all, was a serious scholar, and although he was dissatisfied with Gao E's sequel, he acknowledged Gao's merits.--[[User:Peng Ruixue|Peng Ruixue]] ([[User talk:Peng Ruixue|talk]]) 23:25, 9 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Not to mention that there is no shortage of successful examples of scholarly works, there are also successes in sequels to works of fiction. For example, Chen Chen's ''The Afterlife of Water Margin'' in the Qing dynasty and Wu Jianren's ''The New Story of the Stone'' in the modern era are both original works in new forms. But Mr. Yu, after all, was a serious scholar, and although he was dissatisfied with Gao E's sequel, he acknowledged Gao's merits.--[[User:Qing Jianan|Qing Jianan]] ([[User talk:Qing Jianan|talk]]) 09:06, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==秦建安 Qín Jiànān 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081518==&lt;br /&gt;
他在《红楼梦辨·后四十回底批评》中说：高鹗以审慎的心思，正当的态度来续《红楼梦》；他宁可失之于拘泥，不敢失之于杜撰。其所以失败：一则因《红楼梦》本非可以续补的书，二则因高鹗与曹雪芹个性相差太远，便不自觉地相违远了。处处去追寻作者，而始终赶他不上，以致迷途；这是他失败时底光景。&lt;br /&gt;
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He said in the ''Defense of The Dream of Red Mansion: the criticism of the last forty chapters'': “GaoE continued writing The Dream of Red Mansion with his prudent intention and serious attitude; He would rather make it up than adhere to it. There are two reasons for the failure of his version. The first is that the book itself is not a book that can be continued writing. The other is GaoE’ s character is different far from Cao Xueqin’sw which naturally lead to his misconception about this book. He tried his best to catch the main points of Cao Xueqin whereas he even couldn’t see the back of Cao Xueqin resulting in the wrong path. This is his background of failure.--[[User:Qing Jianan|Qing Jianan]] ([[User talk:Qing Jianan|talk]]) 08:11, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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He said in the '' Defense of A Dream of Red Mansions: the criticism of the last forty chapters '': “Gao E continued writing '' A Dream of Red Mansions '' with his prudent intention and serious attitude; He would rather rigidly adhere to the content than fabricate some details. There are two reasons for the failure of his version. The first is that this novel itself is not the one that can be continued writing. The other is that Gao E’ s character is different far from Cao Xueqin’s which naturally lead to very distinct characteristics in this novel. He tried his best to catch the main points of Cao Xueqin whereas he even couldn’t see the back of Cao Xueqin resulting in the wrong path. This is the reason of his failure.--[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 13:28, 8 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==邱婷婷 Qiū Tíngtíng 英语语言文学（语言学）女 202120081519==&lt;br /&gt;
至于混四十回于八十回中，就事论事，是一种过失；就效用影响而论，是一种功德；混合而论是功多罪少。“失败了，光荣地失败了！”是我对于高鹗底赞扬和指斥。俞先生在晚年对高鹗的续书给予更多的肯定，认为高鹗的续书使残缺的《红楼梦》成为完璧，是一大功劳。  &lt;br /&gt;
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As for adding forty chapters to the original eighty chapters, sticking to the facts, it is actually a demerit. However, it can be a kind of merits and virtues in terms of utility effect. With regarding to several aspects, and his merits can more than wipe out his faults. “Failed, gloriously failed!”It's my praise and rebuke to Gao E. In the later years of Mr. Yu, he gave more recognition to Gao E’sequel, believing that Gao E’ sequel made the fragmentary ''A Dream of Red Mansions'' a complete story which was a great credit.--[[User:Qiu Tingting|Qiu Tingting]] ([[User talk:Qiu Tingting|talk]]) 13:25, 8 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==饶金盈 Ráo Jīnyíng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081520==&lt;br /&gt;
鲁迅先生也对高鹗的续书予以肯定，只是对书末贾府的“复振”表示遗憾。他在《中国小说史略》（1923、1924年由北京大学新潮社分上下册出版，1925年由北京北新书局合为一册出版）第二十四篇中说：后四十回虽数量止初本之半，而大故迭起，破败死亡相继，与所谓“食尽鸟飞独存白地”者颇符，惟结束又复振。&lt;br /&gt;
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Lu Xun also gave a approval to the sequel of the book by Gao E, but regretted the “revitalization” part of Jias at the end of the book. He claimed in Chapter 24 of ''Chinese Novel Outline History''(In 1923 and 1924, published in two volumes by the New Trend Union of Peking University, and in 1925, published in one volume by Beixin Publishing House in Beijing) that although the latter forty chapters is only half of the original version in quantity, there are great changes, ups and downs, and dilapidated deaths one after another, which is very consistent with the so-called “eating all birds and flying alone in the white land”, but it ends and vibrates again.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Rao Jinying|Rao Jinying]] ([[User talk:Rao Jinying|talk]]) 09:14, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Lu Xun also affirmed Gao E’s sequel, and just expressed regret for the “revitalization” of Jia’s mansion at the end of the book. He claimed in chapter 24 of Chinese Novel Outline History(In 1923 and 1924, published in two volumes by the New Trend Union of Peking University, and in 1925, published in one volume by Beixin Publishing House in Beijing) that although the last forty chapters are only half of the original version in quantity, events occurred constantly and loss and death were in succession, which was quite consistent with the statement “birds ate and flew, then left the bleak place”. But it was a pity that the sequel ended in revitalization. --[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 00:58, 8 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==石丽青 Shí Lìqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081521==&lt;br /&gt;
以上三位权威学者对高鹗续书的评价不尽相同，但有两点共识：高鹗的后四十回逊于曹雪芹的前八十回，但他完成了曹雪芹的未竟之业，使残缺的《红楼梦》成为完璧；尤其打破了中国传统小说的“团圆迷信”，使《红楼梦》成为中国小说史上首部悲剧小说，这在中国小说发展史上是一个伟大创举。我认为三位先生的这两点共识是客观公正的，是高见卓识。&lt;br /&gt;
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The above three authoritative scholars hold various comments on Gao E’s sequel, but sharing two points of consensus. One the one hand, Gao E’s last forty chapters are inferior to Cao Xueqin’s first eighty counterparts, but he has completed Cao’s unfinished work, rendering A Dream in Red Mansions perfect. On the other hand, in particular, Gao E breaks the routine of “reunion superstition”in traditional Chinese novels and makes A Dream in Red Mansions the first tragic writing in the past records of Chinese novels, which is a great pioneering work in the history of Chinese novel development. As far as I am concerned, these two points proposed by the three respected scholars are objective, fair and insightful. --[[User:Shi Liqing|Shi Liqing]] ([[User talk:Shi Liqing|talk]]) 14:23, 6 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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The above three authoritative scholars hold various comments on Gao E’s sequel, but sharing two points of consensus. One the one hand, Gao E’s last forty chapters are inferior to Cao Xueqin’s first eighty counterparts, but he has completed Cao’s unfinished work, rendering the incomplete ''A Dream in Red Mansions'' complete. On the other hand, in particular, Gao E breaks the routine of “reunion superstition”in traditional Chinese novels and makes ''A Dream in Red Mansions'' become the first tragic writing in the past records of Chinese novels, which is a great pioneering work in the history of Chinese novel development. As far as I am concerned, these two points proposed by the three respected scholars are objective, fair and insightful.--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 06:49, 9 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==孙雅诗 Sūn Yǎshī 外国语言学及应用语言学 女 202120081522==&lt;br /&gt;
晚近的某些“新红学家”尽管对高鹗大加挞伐，却无法推翻三位先生的这两点共识；最多只能进一步证明高鹗的续书比不上曹雪芹的原作，而不能抹煞高鹗续书的这两大功绩。我们可以设想，如果没有高鹗的续书，只能有两种结果：一是我们只能看到一部残缺不全的《红楼梦》，犹如只能欣赏一只断尾巴的孔雀；二是我们只能看到《红楼复梦》、《红楼圆梦》之类下三流续作，使《红楼梦》跳不出“团圆”小说的窠臼。&lt;br /&gt;
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Although some recent &amp;quot;new Redologists&amp;quot; criticized Gao E drastically, they could not overturn the consensus of the three gentlemen; at most, they could only further prove that Gao E's sequel is not comparable to Cao Xueqin's original, rather than erase the two achievements of Gao E's renewal. We can imagine that if we have no Gao E's sequel, there can only be two results: one is that we can only see an incomplete ''A Dream of Red Mansions'', like only enjoying a peacock with a broken tail, the other is that we can only see ''A Dream of Red Mansions Again'', ''A Dream of Red Mansions Reunion'' and other renewals that are third-classs, which makes ''A Dream of Red Mansions'' cannot jump out of the mold of &amp;quot;reunion&amp;quot; novel.--[[User:Sun Yashi|Sun Yashi]] ([[User talk:Sun Yashi|talk]]) 06:45, 9 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:Mahzad Heydarian|Mahzad Heydarian]] ([[User talk:Mahzad Heydarian|talk]]) 16:25, 9 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Although some recent “new Redologists” criticized Gao E drastically, they could not overturn the two consensuses of the three gentlemen; they could only further prove that Gao E's sequel is not comparable to Cao Xueqin's original, rather than obliterate the two achievements of Gao E's continuation. We can imagine that, without Gao E's sequel, there would be only two results: one is that we could only see an incomplete ''A Dream of Red Mansions'', as if we could only appreciate a peacock with a broken tail, the other is that we can only see such third-rate sequels like ''A Dream of Red Mansions'' Again, ''A Dream of Red Mansions Reunion'', making ''A Dream of Red Mansions'' cannot jump out of the set pattern of &amp;quot;reunion&amp;quot; novel. --[[User:Wang Lifei|Wang Lifei]] ([[User talk:Wang Lifei|talk]]) 06:17, 10 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王李菲 Wáng Lǐfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081523==&lt;br /&gt;
因此，不仅我们应该感谢高鹗，如果曹雪芹地下有知，也会视高鹗为知己。胡适等三位先生论证了高鹗的两大功绩，就等于完全肯定了完整的一百二十回的《红楼梦》。但完整的《红楼梦》有两种版本，即“程甲本”和“程乙本”，两者的出版时间仅隔一年左右。&lt;br /&gt;
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Therefore, not only should we be grateful to Gao E, if Cao Xueqin was alive and knew about it, he would also regard Gao E as a confidant. Hu Shi and other three gentlemen demonstrated Gao E’s three achievements, which was equivalent to confirming the complete 120 chapters of a Dream of Red Mansions. However, there are two versions of the complete work, namely the “Cheng A edition” and “Cheng B edition”, whose publishing interval was only about one year. --[[User:Wang Lifei|Wang Lifei]] ([[User talk:Wang Lifei|talk]]) 15:35, 6 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==王逸凡 Wáng Yìfán 亚非语言文学 女 202120081524==&lt;br /&gt;
这两种版本究竟哪一种更好呢？当然是“程乙本”，因为它是高鹗对“程甲本”精心修订的定稿本。程伟元和高鹗在“程乙本”《〈红楼梦〉引言》中说：因急欲公诸同好，故初印时不及细校，间有纰缪。今复聚集各原本，详加校阅，改订无讹。&lt;br /&gt;
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==王镇隆 Wáng Zhènlóng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 男 202120081525==&lt;br /&gt;
惟阅者谅之。这就是说，高鹗续写后四十回并修订曹雪芹的前八十回时，“因急欲公诸同好”，未能像曹雪芹那样“批阅十载，增删五次”，而是匆促而成，在排印过程中又没有仔细校对，以致“纰缪”难免，因而立即加以修订再版，从而产生了“程乙本”。可见“程乙本”是对“程甲本”的“纰缪”加以修订的本子，自然胜于“程甲本”了。&lt;br /&gt;
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Only those who read it will forgive it. That is to say, when Gao E continued to write the last 40 chapters and revised Cao Xueqin's first 80 chapters, &amp;quot;because he was anxious to be good to the public&amp;quot;, he failed to &amp;quot;review for ten years, add and delete five times&amp;quot; as Cao Xueqin did.Hurriedly,he did not proofread carefully in the process of typesetting, so that &amp;quot;mistakes&amp;quot; were inevitable.Therefore, he immediately revised and reprinted it, resulting in &amp;quot;the version of Cheng Yi&amp;quot;. It can be seen that &amp;quot;the version of Cheng Yi&amp;quot; is a book to revise the &amp;quot;mistakes&amp;quot; of &amp;quot;the version of Cheng Jia&amp;quot;, which is naturally better than &amp;quot;the version of Cheng Jia&amp;quot;.--[[User:Wang Zhenlong|Wang Zhenlong]] ([[User talk:Wang Zhenlong|talk]]) 02:57, 10 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==卫怡雯 Wèi Yíwén 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081526==&lt;br /&gt;
然而由于出版商不加细较，以为初刊本更为可靠，以致在相当一段时间内，翻印的“程甲本”曾大行其道。直到1927年，胡适先生因亚东图书馆老板汪元放先生点校并出版过“程甲本”，便将自己珍藏的“程乙本”推荐给汪先生。汪先生便将“程乙本”与“程甲本”加以仔细对勘，并加上新式标点，予以出版。&lt;br /&gt;
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However, the publisher did not go into details, and believed that the first edition was more reliable. So in a fairly long period, the translated and printed “Cheng Jia (the first) Edition” became popular. Until 1927, Mr. Hushi recommended his treasured collection of “Cheng Yi (the second) Edition” to the owner of Yadong Library, Mr. Wang Yuanfang after he heard that Mr. Wang had punctuated, proofead and published“Cheng Jia (the first) Edition”. Then Mr. Wang checked against another between “Cheng Jia” and “Cheng Yi” , added the new punctuation and published it.--[[User:Wei Yiwen|Wei Yiwen]] ([[User talk:Wei Yiwen|talk]]) 03:17, 10 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏楚璇 Wèi Chǔxuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081527==&lt;br /&gt;
胡适先生并为该书写了《重印乾隆壬子本〈红楼梦〉序》。他在《序》文中说：现在印出的程乙本，就是那“聚集各原本，详加校阅，改订无讹”的本子，可说是高鹗、程伟元合刻的定本。这个改本有许多改订修正之处，胜于程甲本。&lt;br /&gt;
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==魏兆妍 Wèi Zhàoyán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081528==&lt;br /&gt;
但这个本子发行在后，程甲本已有人翻刻了；初本的一些矛盾错误仍旧留在现行各本里，虽经各家批注里指出，终没有人敢改正。胡适先生并举了三个例子，以证明“程乙本”胜于“程甲本”。由此可知，胡适先生不仅是第一个发现并公开指出“程乙本”胜于“程甲本”的人，而且推荐并贡献出了自己珍藏的“程乙本”初刊本，为“程乙本”后来的广泛流行起了决定性的作用。&lt;br /&gt;
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But after the release of this edition, Cheng Jia edition has already been reprinted. Some contradictions and errors from the original edition still remained in the current edition. Although many literary masters has pointed out these mistakes in their annotations, no one eventually dared to correct them. And Mr. Hu Shi gave three examples to prove that Cheng Yi edition was better than Cheng Jia edition. So it can be seen that he was not only the first to discover and publicly pointed out this, but also recommended and contributed the original Cheng Yi edition of his own treasure, which played a decisive role in the wide popularity of this edition.--[[User:Wei Zhaoyan|Wei Zhaoyan]] ([[User talk:Wei Zhaoyan|talk]]) 00:55, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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But after the release of this edition, Cheng Jia edition has already been reprinted. Some contradictions and errors of the original edition still remained in the current edition. Although many literary masters had pointed out these mistakes in their annotations, but no one eventually dared to correct them. And Mr. Hu Shi gave three examples to prove that Cheng Yi edition was better than Cheng Jia edition. So it can be seen that he was not only the first to discover and publicly pointed out this, but also recommended and contributed the original Cheng Yi edition of his own treasure, and that played a decisive role in the wide popularity of its  edition.--[[User:Wu Jingyue|Wu Jingyue]] ([[User talk:Wu Jingyue|talk]]) 06:19, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴婧悦 Wú Jìngyuè 俄语语言文学 女 202120081529==&lt;br /&gt;
汪原放先生也没有辜负胡适先生的重托，不仅出版了“程乙本”，而且对两个“程本”加以仔细对勘，并用增删改动文字的统计数字与具体例子（详见下文），进一步证明了“程乙本”优于“程甲本”。由于胡适先生的学术威望和汪原放先生点校的“程乙本”面世，尤其是“程乙本”确实胜于“程甲本”，故此后书商大多舍弃了“程甲本”，竞相刊印“程乙本”，“程乙本”几乎一统天下。这种局面一直持续到上世纪五六十年代。&lt;br /&gt;
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Mr.Wang Yuanfang also lived up to the great trust of Mr.Hu Shi. He not only published &amp;quot;Cheng Yiben&amp;quot;, but also carefully surveyed the two &amp;quot;Cheng Yiben&amp;quot;, and changed the statistics and specific examples (see below for details), further proving that &amp;quot;Cheng Yiben&amp;quot; was better than &amp;quot;Cheng Jiaben&amp;quot;. Because Mr.Hu Shi's academic prestige and Mr.Wang Yuanfang's &amp;quot;Cheng Yiben&amp;quot; were published, especially &amp;quot;Cheng Yiben&amp;quot; was indeed better than &amp;quot;Cheng Jiaben&amp;quot;, so most booksellers abandoned &amp;quot;Cheng Jiaben&amp;quot; and competed to print &amp;quot;Cheng Yiben&amp;quot;, &amp;quot; Cheng Yiben &amp;quot; almost unified the whole world. The situation has been continuing until the 1950s and 1960s.--[[User:Wu Jingyue|Wu Jingyue]] ([[User talk:Wu Jingyue|talk]]) 14:48, 6 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
Mr. Wang Yuanfang also lived up to Mr. Hu Shi's great trust. He not only published &amp;quot;Cheng Yi Ben&amp;quot;, but also carefully surveyed the two &amp;quot;Cheng Ben&amp;quot;, and further proved that &amp;quot;Cheng Yi Ben&amp;quot; was better than &amp;quot;Cheng Jia Ben&amp;quot; with statistics and specific examples of adding, deleting and changing words (see below for details). Due to the academic prestige of Mr. Hu Shi and the appearance of &amp;quot;Cheng Yi Ben&amp;quot; ordered by Mr. Wang Yuanfang, especially &amp;quot;Cheng Yi Ben&amp;quot; is indeed better than &amp;quot;Cheng Jia Ben&amp;quot;, most booksellers abandoned &amp;quot;Cheng Jia Ben&amp;quot; and competed to publish &amp;quot;Cheng Yi Ben&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Cheng Yi Ben&amp;quot; almost dominates the world. This situation lasted until the 1950s and 1960s.--[[User:Wu Yinghong|Wu Yinghong]] ([[User talk:Wu Yinghong|talk]]) 13:31, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==吴映红 Wú Yìnghóng 日语语言文学 女 202120081530==&lt;br /&gt;
然而到了八十年代以后，“程乙本”一统天下的局面却被打破了，各种版本的《红楼梦》纷纷涌现，其中多为拼凑本，即前八十回采用抄本，后四十回则多采用高鹗作废了的“程甲本”，从而造成了《红楼梦》版本的混乱现象。这种混乱现象使本来已经解决了的《红楼梦》版本问题又重新出现纷争，也使普通读者陷入了不知如何选择《红楼梦》的境地。&lt;br /&gt;
However, after the 1980s, the situation of &amp;quot;Cheng Yi Ben&amp;quot; dominating the world was broken, and various versions of a dream of Red Mansions emerged one after another, most of which were piecemeal copies, that is, the transcripts of the first 80 chapters were used, and the &amp;quot;Cheng Jia Ben&amp;quot; cancelled by Gao e was used in the last 40 chapters, resulting in the confusion of the version of a dream of Red Mansions. This chaotic phenomenon makes the original version of a dream of Red Mansions once again controversial, and makes ordinary readers fall into the situation of not knowing how to choose a dream of Red Mansions.&lt;br /&gt;
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However, after the 1980s, the dominating situation of &amp;quot;Cheng Yi version&amp;quot;was broken, and various versions of The Dream of Red Mansions emerged one after another, most of which were cobbled together, where the first eighty editions used the codified version, while the last forty editions mostly used Gao E's cancelled Cheng Jia version, thus causing confusion in the version of a Dream of Red Mansions.This kind of confusion makes the issue of the edition of a Dream of Red Mansions reappear, and also makes ordinary readers have no idea how to choose a Dream of Red Mansions.--[[User:Xiao Yiyao|Xiao Yiyao]] ([[User talk:Xiao Yiyao|talk]]) 06:27, 10 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==肖毅瑶 Xiāo Yìyáo 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081531==&lt;br /&gt;
钱锺书先生虽然不研究《红楼梦》，但对《红楼梦》版本的混乱现象却很不以为然。他在上世纪九十年代说过（大意）：《红楼梦》研究中的许多纠葛与纷争，大多源于版本问题。在同一问题上，张三根据这个版本，李四根据那个版本，公说公有理，婆说婆有理，一万年也说不清，实在无谓得很。&lt;br /&gt;
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Although Qian zhongshu never study ''The Dream of Red Mansions'', he considers that the phenomenon of mess versions does not really matter.In the 1990s, he said that (roughly meaning)most of the disputes in the study of ''The Dream of Red Mansions'' resulted from the issue of versions. On the same issue, different people refer to different versions for their so-called reasonable purpose.Thus, the disputes can never be settled. And such a phenomenon is really meaningless.--[[User:Xiao Yiyao|Xiao Yiyao]] ([[User talk:Xiao Yiyao|talk]]) 06:23, 10 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Although Qian zhongshu never study ''The Dream of Red Mansions'', he considered disapprovingly that the phenomenon of chaos versions does not really matter.In the 1990s, he said that (a rough meaning)most of the disputes in the study of ''The Dream of Red Mansions'' resulted from the issue of versions. On the same issue, different people refer to different versions for their so-called reasonable purpose.Thus, the disputes can never be settled. And such a phenomenon is really meaningless.--[[User:Xie Jiafen|Xie Jiafen]] ([[User talk:Xie Jiafen|talk]]) 06:47, 10 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢佳芬 Xiè Jiāfēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081532==&lt;br /&gt;
这是《红楼梦》的悲剧，也是中国学界的悲剧。为了永久保存《红楼梦》这笔珍贵遗产，也为了给广大读者提供一个《红楼梦》的范本，必须从众多版本中确定一个最好的版本，而这个版本就是胡适先生推荐的“程乙本”。至于其他版本，则只供研究之用。&lt;br /&gt;
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This is not only the tragedy of The Dream of the Red Chamber , but also the tragedy of Chinese academic circles. In order to permanently preserve the precious heritage of The Dream of the Red Chamber and provide readers with a model of The Dream of the Red Chamber, we must determine the best version from many versions, and this version is the &amp;quot;Cheng Yi version&amp;quot; recommended by Mr. Hu Shi. Other versions are only for research purposes only.--[[User:Xie Jiafen|Xie Jiafen]] ([[User talk:Xie Jiafen|talk]]) 14:00, 6 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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This is not only a tragedy of Dream of the Red Chamber , but also a tragedy of Chinese academic circles. In order to permanently preserve the precious heritage of Dream of the Red Chamber and provide readers with a model of Dream of the Red Chamber, we must determine the best version from many versions, and this version is the &amp;quot;Cheng Yi version&amp;quot; recommended by Mr. Hu Shi. Other versions are only for research purposes only.--[[User:Xie Qinglin|Xie Qinglin]] ([[User talk:Xie Qinglin|talk]]) 11:15, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==谢庆琳 Xiè Qìnglín 俄语语言文学 女 202120081533==&lt;br /&gt;
我完全赞成以上诸位先生的看法，毋须我再费笔墨，所以我在这里只是为他们的看法提供一些实例。首先，“程乙本”的前八十回由于经过了高鹗(也许还有程伟元)的大量修订，较之诸抄本大有改观，使之更加完善。具体来说，就是对众多异文加以筛选，去除讹误，择善而从，并加以必要的补阙、修改、删节和增饰。&lt;br /&gt;
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I totally agree with the views of the above teachers, so I don't need to say more, so I will just provide some examples for their views here. First of all, the first eighty books of &amp;quot;Cheng Yi version&amp;quot; have been revised extensively by Gao Osprey (and perhaps Cheng Wei Yuan), which is a great improvement over the codices and makes it more perfect. Specifically, it is the screening of many different texts, the removal of errors, the selection of good, and the necessary additions, modifications, abridgments and additions.--[[User:Xie Qinglin|Xie Qinglin]] ([[User talk:Xie Qinglin|talk]]) 10:56, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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I totally agree with the opinions of you all, so I don't bother to say more. So I will just provide some examples for their views here. First of all, the first eightith chapters of &amp;quot;Cheng Yi's version&amp;quot; have been revised for many times by Gao Osprey (and perhaps Cheng Wei Yuan), which is an improvement over the codices and makes it more perfect. Specifically, it made a selection from many different texts, corrected errors, selected the good, and offered the necessary additions, modifications, removal and polishment.--[[User:Xiong Min|Xiong Min]] ([[User talk:Xiong Min|talk]]) 07:28, 8 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==熊敏 Xióng Mǐn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081534==&lt;br /&gt;
试举六例如下：例一：原作第十七、十八两回合用一套回目，第十九回没有回目。高鹗将那套合用的回目归第十七回，而为第十八、十九两回补拟了回目。例二：原作第十八回写元妃省亲回府，“只见园中香烟缭绕，花彩缤纷，处处灯光相映，时时细乐声喧，说不尽太平景象，富贵风流”，下面却接着有这样一段：此时自己回想当初在大荒山中青埂峰下，那等凄凉寂寞。&lt;br /&gt;
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Here are six examples. Firstly, the chapter 17 and 18 of the original work shared the same title and the 19th one didn't have have any. Gao-E merged the shared one into chapter 17 and rethought a title for chapter 18 and 19. Secondly, chapter 18 in the original one showed that Yuan concubine visited relatives, as &amp;quot;See nothing but scent lingering, flowers blossoming, lights glistening and bustle hustleing.WHat a stable and flourish society!&amp;quot; Here goes another saying: at that time I recalled the time when I in the foot of Dahuangshan Mountain, and I felt so lonely.&lt;br /&gt;
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==徐敏赟 Xú Mǐnyūn 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 男 202120081535==&lt;br /&gt;
若不亏癞僧、跛道二人携来到此，又安能得见这般世面？本欲作一篇《灯月赋》、《省亲颂》，以志今日之事，但又恐入了别书的俗套。按此时之景，即作一赋一赞，也不能得尽其妙；即不作赋、赞，其豪华富丽，观者诸公亦可想而知矣。&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜静 Yán Jìng 语言智能与跨文化传播研究 女 202120081536==&lt;br /&gt;
所以倒是省了这工夫纸墨，且说正经的为是。本书前面已经交代得明明白白，大荒山青埂峰下的那块石头被一僧一道携入红尘后已幻化为口衔通灵宝玉的贾宝玉，而从这段话看，那块石头的化身却是贾元春，难道姐弟二人都是那块石头所化吗？如果说这段话的前大半截是写贾宝玉的心理活动，误安在了贾元春的头上，也还是说不通，因为不可能在描写贾元春省亲观感的文字当中无缘无故插入一段对贾宝玉的心理描写。&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜莉莉 Yán Lìlì 国别 女 202120081537==&lt;br /&gt;
尤为荒唐的是，从“观者诸公”以下文字，又突然变为作者的第三人称口气，更令人丈二金刚，摸不着头脑。如此语无伦次的拙劣文字，决非曹雪芹的原文，而是抄书者的误抄或窜文。“程乙本”将其全部删除，犹如割除了一个赘瘤，使行文变得合理而又通畅。&lt;br /&gt;
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What is particularly absurd is that, from the following words &amp;quot;all the audience&amp;quot;, and suddenly into the third person tone of the author,which is even more puzzling. Such incoherent poor text, not Cao Xueqin's original text, but the copy of the wrong copy or channelized text. &amp;quot;Cheng Yiben&amp;quot; deleted all of them, just like cutting out a superfluous tumor, so that the writing becomes reasonable and unobstructed.--[[User:Yan Lili|Yan Lili]] ([[User talk:Yan Lili|talk]]) 12:58, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==颜子涵 Yán Zǐhán 国别 女 202120081538==&lt;br /&gt;
例三：原作第二十二回写荣国府作灯谜游戏，目的在于通过各人制作的灯谜，以暗示各自的性情、志向及将来结局，是全书的重要段落。大约因曹雪芹当时没有完全想好，故只写了贾母、贾政、元春、迎春、探春、惜春、宝钗的灯谜，而将宝玉、黛玉、湘云的灯谜暂缺，留待以后补写，不料曹雪芹突然去世，未及补写，致使原稿残缺。高鹗大胆地将原作宝钗的灯谜移作黛玉的灯谜，又增写了宝钗和宝玉的灯谜，我以为移得合理，增作也很精彩。&lt;br /&gt;
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==阳佳颖 Yáng Jiāyǐng 国别 女 202120081540==&lt;br /&gt;
但高鹗也有失误和疏漏：失误在于删掉或漏掉了原作惜春的灯谜，疏漏在于未给湘云补写灯谜。惜春的灯谜我已补入第二十二回（参见该回原文及其注释），以弥补高鹗的失误；而湘云的灯谜却只好仍阙，成为永远的遗憾。例四：原作第二十五回在写王熙凤被魇魔法弄得精神错乱时，插入一段对薛蟠的描写：别人慌张自不必讲，独有薛蟠更比诸人忙到十分：又恐薛姨妈被人挤倒，又恐薛宝钗被人瞧见，又恐香菱被人臊皮──知道贾珍等是在女人身上做功夫的，因此忙的不堪。&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨爱江 Yáng Àijiāng 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081541==&lt;br /&gt;
忽一眼瞥见了林黛玉风流婉转，已酥倒在那里。这段话十分荒谬：其一，贾、薛两家为近亲，贾珍与薛宝钗是表兄妹，贾珍怎么敢对表妹起歹心呢？薛蟠岂非杞人忧天？其二，薛蟠虽然混账，与林黛玉也是表兄妹，况且见面的机会很多，薛蟠怎么会“一眼瞥见了林黛玉”就“酥倒在那里”呢？&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨堃 Yáng Kūn 法语语言文学 女 202120081542==&lt;br /&gt;
而脂批竟称赞道：“忙中写闲，真大手眼、大手笔。”这如果不是偶然失误，便只能说是不识好歹了。“程乙本”将其删除，倒可当得起“大手眼、大手笔”的评语。例五：原作第六十三回中用了一千多字的篇幅，大写贾宝玉、史湘云等人只是为了好玩，如何将芳官、葵官打扮成“小土番儿”，如何改称“犬戎名姓”。&lt;br /&gt;
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However, the Zhi Yanzhai's critiques unexpectedly praised: &amp;quot;Snatch a little leisure from a busy writing , which is really big eyes and a big deal.&amp;quot; If this is not an accidental mistake, it can only be said to be ungrateful. If &amp;quot;Cheng Yi version&amp;quot; deletes it, it can be regarded as a comment of &amp;quot;big eyes and a big deal&amp;quot;. Example 5: in the sixty-third chapter of the original work, more than 1,000 words were used to capitalize the name of Jia Baoyu, Shi Xiangyun and others, which is just for fun, and to describe how to dress Fang Guan and Kui Guan as &amp;quot;Xiao Tu Fan er&amp;quot; and how to change &amp;quot;the surname and name of Quan Rong&amp;quot;.--[[User:Yang Kun|Yang Kun]] ([[User talk:Yang Kun|talk]]) 14:21, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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However, critiques of Zhi Yanzhai(one of the earliest critics of &amp;quot;A Dream in Red Mansions&amp;quot; )  unexpectedly praised: &amp;quot;Snatch a little leisure from a busy writing , which is really weighty.&amp;quot; If it is not an accidental mistake, it can only be said to be ungrateful. &amp;quot;Cheng Yi version&amp;quot; deletes it, thus it can be regarded as the comment of &amp;quot;weighty writings&amp;quot;. Example 5: in the sixty-third chapter of the original work, more than 1,000 words were used to describe that how Precious Jade Merchant, Fragrant-cloud History and others dress Fang Guan and Kui Guan as &amp;quot;Xiao Tu Fan er&amp;quot; and how they change &amp;quot;the name of Quan Rong&amp;quot; just for fun.--[[User:Yang Liuqing|Yang Liuqing]] ([[User talk:Yang Liuqing|talk]]) 06:43, 8 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==杨柳青 Yáng Liǔqīng 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081543==&lt;br /&gt;
而且竟然让贾宝玉说出这样的话来：如今四海宾服，八方宁静，千载百载，不用武备。咱们虽一戏一笑，也该称颂，方不负坐享升平了。这种描写既十分无聊，又与贾宝玉的性格背道而驰，尤其侮辱了包括满族在内的少数民族，真可谓拙劣的文字，因此“程乙本”完全予以删除是绝对必要的。&lt;br /&gt;
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What's more, in Zhi Yangzhai's version, Precious Jade Merchant said that&amp;quot;Nowadays, people within Four Seas were all submitted and social stability was achieved in all directions. Weapons were not needed in nearly thousands of years. Therefore, our laughs and teases also deserved extolling thus we lived up to the prosperity.&amp;quot; This kind of descriptions were very boring and ran counter to the characteristics of Jia Baoyu, and they particularly insulted national minorities including Manchu, which were really bad writings. Thus, it's quite necessary for &amp;quot;Cheng Yi's version&amp;quot; to delete these words.--[[User:Yang Liuqing|Yang Liuqing]] ([[User talk:Yang Liuqing|talk]]) 07:05, 8 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==叶维杰 Yè Wéijié 国别 男 202120081544==&lt;br /&gt;
例六：原作第六十一回开头有一段写柳家的与小厮斗嘴的文字，既毫无意义，又有“几根×毛”、“×声浪嗓”的粗话，故“程乙本”删掉了百馀字也完全正确。像这样的例子不胜枚举，它们足可以证明，高鹗对前八十回的修订是完全必要和合理的，“程乙本”前八十回优于原作的事实是任何人也难以抹煞的。其次，再就两种“程本”而言，由于“程乙本”是“程甲本”的修订本，自然也就更加完善。&lt;br /&gt;
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==易扬帆 Yì Yángfān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081545==&lt;br /&gt;
关于这一点，最有力的证据是一组现成的统计数字。前面说过，汪原放先生于1927年曾将“程乙本”与“程甲本”加以对勘，并将两者的异文作了统计，其结果是：“程乙本”较之“程甲本”改动(包括增与改)了总共21506字，其中前八十回改动15537字，后四十回改动5969字。(见汪原放《重印乾隆壬子本〈红楼梦〉校读后记》)这些改动主要有三个方面：其一，是对“程甲本”中的“纰缪”文字加以改正。&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷慧珍 Yīn Huìzhēn 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081546==&lt;br /&gt;
如第二回“冷子兴演说荣国府”中，“程甲本”对原作的如下一段文字未作改动：这政老爷的夫人王氏……第二胎生了一位小姐，生在大年初一，就奇了。不想次年又生了一位公子，说来更奇：一落胞胎，嘴里便衔下一块五彩晶莹的玉来，还有许多字迹。这位“小姐”就是贾元春(元妃)，这位“公子”就是贾宝玉。&lt;br /&gt;
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For example, the &amp;quot;Leng Zixing's speech in Rong Mansion&amp;quot; in chapter 2, &amp;quot;Cheng Jia's translation version&amp;quot; did not change the following text of the original work: The wife of Lord Zheng Mrs Wang……it is magical that she gave birth to a girl on the first day of the lunar year. It is even more magical that she gave birth to a boy in the next year: he was born with a colorful and crystal jade in his mouth, and the jade was written by some scripts. The &amp;quot;lady&amp;quot; is First Spring Merchant (Yuan Concubine), while the &amp;quot;gentleman&amp;quot; is Precious Jade Merchant.--[[User:Yin Huizhen|Yin Huizhen]] ([[User talk:Yin Huizhen|talk]]) 09:23, 8 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==殷美达 Yīn Měidá 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081547==&lt;br /&gt;
而这段文字显然与第十八回中的一段文字相矛盾：那宝玉未入学之先，三四岁时，已得元妃口传，教授了几本书，识了数千字在腹中：虽为姊弟，有如母子。&lt;br /&gt;
“有如母子”的贾元春和贾宝玉，不可能只差一岁，可见第二回那段文字有明显的“纰缪”。“程乙本”将“次年”改为“隔了十几年”，便合情合理了。&lt;br /&gt;
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==尹媛 Yǐn Yuán 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081548==&lt;br /&gt;
其二，是将文言词语尽量改为白话或俗语，从而使《红楼梦》的语言更为通俗易懂。譬如：“若”改为“要”，“与”改为“给”，“亦”改为“也”，“此”改为“这”，“口”改为“嘴”，“何”改为“为什么”，“如何”改为“怎么”，“如此”改为“这么着”，“葳蕤”改为“委琐”，等等。其三，是增加了许多“儿”字，将词语加以“儿”化，从而使《红楼梦》语言的京味特点更加突出。&lt;br /&gt;
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==詹若萱 Zhān Ruòxuān 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081549==&lt;br /&gt;
关于这一点，几乎随处可见，因而不再举例。《红楼梦》是一部近百万字的巨著，要想完全揭示“程乙本”的版本优点，只能将它与其他版本一一对勘，并将异文一一列出。单凭以上的简单说明，只能是挂一漏万。&lt;br /&gt;
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==张秋怡 Zhāng Qiūyí 亚非语言文学 女 202120081550==&lt;br /&gt;
不过我可以向读者负责地保证：如果你是出于欣赏的目的阅读《红楼梦》，那么选择“程乙本”将是最明智的。三、校勘问题 我们说“程乙本”为《红楼梦》的最佳版本，并不是说它完美无缺，也不是说其他版本一概不如“程乙本”，只是说它在总体上更胜一筹而已。&lt;br /&gt;
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==张扬 Zhāng Yáng 国别 男 202120081551==&lt;br /&gt;
事实上，或因高鹗和程伟元的疏忽，或因排字工人的失误，致使“程乙本”仍存在不少“纰缪”。譬如：第八十六回说贾元春生于“甲申年正月丙寅”；至第九十五回则说：“是年甲寅年十二月十八日立春，元妃薨日是十二月十九日，已交卯年寅月，存年四十三岁。”“程甲本”和“程乙本”都是如此。&lt;br /&gt;
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In fact, due to the negligence of Gao'e and Cheng Weiyuan, or the mistakes made by typesetters, there are still many &amp;quot;mistakes&amp;quot; in &amp;quot;Chengyi version&amp;quot;. For example, the eighty-sixth chapter expounds that Jia Yuanchun was born in &amp;quot;Bingyin, the first month of the year Jiashen&amp;quot;. To the 95th chapter it expounds that &amp;quot;In that year, the spring began on December 18th of the lunar calendar, Jiayin year, and the day consort Yuan died was on December 19, which was in the month of Yin and year of Mao. Hence consort Yuan died at the age of 43.&amp;quot;, which are the same both in &amp;quot;Chengjia version&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Chengyi version&amp;quot;.--[[User:Zhang Yang|Zhang Yang]] ([[User talk:Zhang Yang|talk]]) 14:17, 8 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==张怡然 Zhāng Yírán 俄语语言文学 女 202120081552==&lt;br /&gt;
而实际上前后存在明显矛盾：甲申年至甲寅年是三十年，按照当时以虚岁计算年龄的习惯，元妃享年应是三十一岁；即使因元妃薨于立春次日，算作乙卯年，也只有三十二岁。无论如何也不会是四十三岁。可见“程甲本”已错，而“程乙本”也没有订正。&lt;br /&gt;
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In fact,there is clear contradiction:the years from JiaShen to JiaYin are thirty years, and according to the custom of calculating age in terms of nominal age at the time, Princess Yuan would have been thirty-one years old; even if the death of Princess Yuan took place on the day after the first day of spring, which is counted as the year yi Mao, she would have been only thirty-two years old. In any case, it would not have been forty-three years old. It is clear that the &amp;quot;Cheng Jia version&amp;quot; is wrong, and the &amp;quot;Cheng Yi version&amp;quot; has not been revised.&lt;br /&gt;
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In fact,there is an obvious contradiction:the years from JiaShen to JiaYin are thirty years, and according to the custom of calculating age in terms of nominal age at the time, Princess Yuan would have been thirty-one years old; even if the death of Princess Yuan took place on the day after the first day of spring, which is counted as the year YiMao, she would have been only thirty-two years old. In any case, it would not have been forty-three years old. It is clear that the &amp;quot;Cheng Jia version&amp;quot; is wrong, and the &amp;quot;Cheng Yi version&amp;quot; has not been revised either.--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 06:37, 8 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟义菲 Zhōng Yìfēi 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081553==&lt;br /&gt;
这个明显的失误，早在1927年由汪原放校点、亚东图书馆出版的“程乙本”《红楼梦》已经改正，而上世纪八十年代以后出版的诸多号称经过了“精校”的“程甲本”和“程乙本”《红楼梦》，包括那些拼凑本，却依旧保留了这个失误，这不能不说是一种讽刺。其实“程乙本”的其他文字失误还有不少，并非像高鹗、程伟元所说“改订无讹”。“程乙本”既非十全十美，而我们要供献于读者的是一部普及本的《红楼梦》，因此有必要汲取其他版本的长处，使其尽量完美。&lt;br /&gt;
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This obvious mistake was corrected in “Cheng yiben&amp;quot; （a version of &amp;quot;a dream of Red Mansions&amp;quot;） checked by Wang Yuanfang and published by Yadong library as early as 1927.  It is ironic that many &amp;quot;Cheng Jiaben&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Cheng yiben&amp;quot;  published after the 1980s, including those patchwork books, still retain this mistake. In fact, there are many other word mistakes in &amp;quot;Cheng yiben&amp;quot;, which is not “absolutely right after revision” as Gao E and Cheng Weiyuan said. &amp;quot;Cheng yiben&amp;quot; is not perfect, and what we want to offer to readers is a popular version of “a dream of Red Mansions.” Therefore, it is necessary to learn from the advantages of other versions to make it as perfect as possible.--[[User:Zhong Yifei|Zhong Yifei]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yifei|talk]]) 14:22, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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This obvious mistake was corrected in “Cheng Yiben&amp;quot; （a version of &amp;quot;a dream of Red Mansions&amp;quot;） checked by Wang Yuanfang and published by Yadong Library as early as 1927.  It is ironic that many &amp;quot;Cheng Jiaben&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;Cheng Yiben&amp;quot;, which claimed carefully checked and published after the 1980s , including those patchwork books, still retain this mistake. In fact, there are many other word mistakes in &amp;quot;Cheng Yiben&amp;quot;, which is not “absolutely right after revision” as Gao E and Cheng Weiyuan said. &amp;quot;Cheng Yiben&amp;quot; is not perfect, and what we want to offer to readers is a widespread version of “a dream of Red Mansions.” Therefore, it is necessary to learn from the advantages of other versions to make it as perfect as possible.--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 02:05, 8 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==钟雨露 Zhōng Yǔlù 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081554==&lt;br /&gt;
为此，本书以“程乙本”(北京图书馆出版社影印本)为底本，以“程甲本”(北京图书馆出版社影印本)为主校本，并以下列版本为参校本：汪原放校勘“程乙本”(上海亚东图书馆刊本)、王希廉(雪香)评“程甲本”(清道光十二年刊本)、“梦稿本”“庚辰本”“己卯本”“甲戌本”(后四种均为上海古籍出版社影印本)。在以上八种版本中，前五种均为一百二十回全本，后三种均为前八十回的残存本。&lt;br /&gt;
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For this purpose, this book uses “Cheng Yiben”(photocopy of Beijing Library Publishing House) as master copy, “Cheng Jiaben” as main collated edition, and the followings as references—Wang Yuanfang’s collation “Cheng Yiben”(Shanghai Yadong Library edition)、Wang Xilian’s “Cheng Jiaben” commentary(edition in the twelfth year of Qing Daoguang)、“Meng Gaoben”、“Geng Chenben”、“Ji Maoben”、and “Jia Xuben”(the last four all are photocopies of Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House). In the above eight editions, the first five are all complete editions of 120 chapters, and the last three are all incomplete editions of 80 chapters.--[[User:Zhong Yulu|Zhong Yulu]] ([[User talk:Zhong Yulu|talk]]) 01:43, 8 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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For this purpose, this book uses “Cheng Yiben”(photocopy of Beijing Library Publishing House) as the master copy, “Cheng Jiaben” as the main collated edition, and the followings as references—Wang Yuanfang’s collation of “Cheng Yiben”(Shanghai Yadong Library edition)、Wang Xilian’s comments on “Cheng Jiaben” (edition in the twelfth year of Qing Daoguang)、“Meng Gaoben”、“Geng Chenben”、“Ji Maoben”、and “Jia Xuben”(the last four all are photocopies of Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House). In the above eight editions, the first five are all complete editions of 120 chapters, and the last three are all incomplete editions of 80 chapters.--[[User:Zhou Jiu|Zhou Jiu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Jiu|talk]]) 05:57, 8 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周玖 Zhōu Jiǔ 英语语言文学（英美文学） 女 202120081555==&lt;br /&gt;
我的校勘总原则是：既要尽量保持底本的原貌，又要保证全书的质量。具体来说则遵循以下几条：（一）底本与校本之间虽有异文，但底本基本可通者，即使校本文字更好，也不作改动。（二）底本中的各种错误(包括内容与文字的错误)、文字倒置、文理不通等，尽量用校本改正，若校本同样错误则径改。&lt;br /&gt;
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My primary principle of collation is that: maintain the original meaning of master copy, and garantee the quality through the book. Specifically, abiding by the following advice: One, although there are differences between the master copy and the checked copy, the former whose meaning is basically faithful and smooth remains untouched, even though the checked copy is better. Two: various mistakes in master copy（including errors in contents and text），the inversion of words, unsmooth words and contents and so forth should be corrected based on master copy. But if mistakes are also existed in the master copy, then it should be corrected directly.--[[User:Zhou Jiu|Zhou Jiu]] ([[User talk:Zhou Jiu|talk]]) 12:43, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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My primary principle of collation is that: maintain the original meaning of master copy, and guarantee the book’s quality. To be more specific, following these advices: First, although there are differences between the master copy and the checked copy, the former whose meaning is basically faithful and smooth should be untouched, even though the checked copy is better. Second: various mistakes in master copy（including errors in contents and text), like the inversion of words, unsmooth words and contents and so forth should be corrected based on master copy. But if mistakes are also existed in the master copy,  it should be corrected directly.--[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 06:46, 8 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周俊辉 Zhōu Jùnhuī 法语语言文学 女 202120081556==&lt;br /&gt;
（三）底本和校本中的僻字、怪字、俗字，本来并无特别意义，毫无保留价值，只能为读者增加阅读障碍，因此径改为通用字。如“揌”和“”改为“塞”，“嘴”改为“努嘴”，“椅子”改为“拿椅子”，等等。（四）古人对别字多不在乎，故底本和校本中屡见不鲜，但在当今的读者看来却十分别扭，甚至可能被误解，因而酌情径改。&lt;br /&gt;
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Three, the rare words, strange words, common words in the master copy and in the checked copy had no special meaning, and no reservation value, can only increase the reading barrier for readers. So they need to be changed to universal words. Such as &amp;quot;揌&amp;quot; changed to “塞&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;嘴&amp;quot; changed to &amp;quot;努嘴&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;椅子&amp;quot; changed to &amp;quot;拿椅子&amp;quot;, etc. Four, the ancients didn’t care about the wrongly written characters, so it is common in the master copy and the checked copy. They seem very awkward for today's readers and may even be misunderstood.  Therefore they should be appropriately modified.--[[User:Zhou Junhui|Zhou Junhui]] ([[User talk:Zhou Junhui|talk]]) 14:12, 6 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
（3）Some characters in a copy for the record or for reproduction and in checked copy, which are not commonly used, or look strange, or are popular but irregular, have no special significance and no reserved value, only increasing the reading barrier for readers. Therefore, these characters are changed to universal characters. For example, &amp;quot;揌&amp;quot; are changed to &amp;quot;塞&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;嘴&amp;quot; is changed to &amp;quot;努嘴&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;椅子&amp;quot; is changed to &amp;quot;拿椅子&amp;quot; and so on.（4） The ancients didn't care much about the wrongly written characters, so they can be commonly seen in a copy for the record or for reproduction and in checked copy. However, when seeing these characters, today’s readers may feel awkward, and may even misunderstand their meanings. Thus they are supposed to be changed for appropriateness.--[[User:Zhou Qiao1|Zhou Qiao1]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qiao1|talk]]) 12:37, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周巧 Zhōu Qiǎo 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081557==&lt;br /&gt;
如“必真”改为“逼真”，“奈烦”改为“耐烦”，“悔气”改为“晦气”，“渥”改为“焐”，“握”改为“捂”，等等。（五）有些字在古代汉语中可以通用（借用），在现代汉语中却严加区分。《红楼梦》也存在大量借用字，如果一一加以改动，不一定合适。&lt;br /&gt;
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For example, &amp;quot;必真&amp;quot; is changed to &amp;quot;逼真&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;奈烦&amp;quot; is changed to &amp;quot;耐烦&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;悔气&amp;quot; is changed to &amp;quot;晦气&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;渥&amp;quot; is changed to &amp;quot;握 &amp;quot;, &amp;quot;焐&amp;quot; is changed to &amp;quot;捂&amp;quot; and so on. Some words can be commonly used (borrowed) in ancient Chinese, While in modern Chinese they are strictly distinguished. There are also a large number of loanwords  in the A Dream of Red Mansions, which may not be appropriate if changed one by one.--[[User:Zhou Qiao1|Zhou Qiao1]] ([[User talk:Zhou Qiao1|talk]]) 13:06, 6 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==周清 Zhōu Qīng 法语语言文学 女 202120081558==&lt;br /&gt;
因此只有在以下两种情况之下才作改动：一是可能引起误解；二是同一词语而用字不同。如等同于数字“一”的“么”，极易与“什么”、“怎么”的“么”相混，故改为“幺”。又如表示时间的“一会”和“一回”混用，“一会儿”和“一回儿”混用，统一为“一会”和“一会儿”；表示位置的“旁”和“傍”混用，“旁边”和“傍边”混用，统一为“旁”和“旁边”；“赔礼”和“陪礼”混用，“赔罪”和“陪罪”混用，统一为“赔礼”和“赔罪”；等等。&lt;br /&gt;
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==周小雪 Zhōu Xiǎoxuě 日语语言文学 女 202120081559==&lt;br /&gt;
（六）本书采用简化汉字，为异体字的处理提供了方便，故一律按照简化汉字的规定处理。任何语言都在不断发展变化，故古今汉语有很大不同，以至于定字工作成为古籍整理中最为复杂的问题之一，很难做到尽善尽美。仅根据以上几条，只能是有助于减少读者的阅读障碍罢了。&lt;br /&gt;
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(Six) Simplified Chinese characters are used in this book to provide convenience for the processing of variant characters. Therefore, they are processed in accordance with the provisions of simplified Chinese characters . Any language is constantly changing, so ancient and modern Chinese is very different. Therefore, deciding which word to use has become one of the most complex problems in the collection of ancient books, which is difficult to be perfect. Just according to the above, it can only help reduce the difficulties in their reading.--[[User:Zhou Xiaoxue|Zhou Xiaoxue]] ([[User talk:Zhou Xiaoxue|talk]]) 13:59, 8 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==朱素珍 Zhū Sùzhēn 英语语言文学（语言学） 女 202120081561==&lt;br /&gt;
为了节省篇幅，一律不出校文。四、注释问题 “注释”亦称“注解”，最初是由于经书文字艰涩难懂，故对经书的字句加以解释；如果注文仍旧难懂或未尽其义，再对注文加以解释，则称“疏”。注文和疏文合称则谓之“注疏”。&lt;br /&gt;
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==邹岳丽 Zōu Yuèlì 日语语言文学 女 202120081562==&lt;br /&gt;
后来逐步扩大范围，对一切文献中的疑难字句加以解释，均称之为“注释”。由于中国历史悠久，古今汉语及名物变化巨大，致使后人读古籍的困难越来越大，因此对古籍的注释也就显得越来越有必要。《红楼梦》虽是一部旧白话小说，但它汲取了诗、词、曲、赋、歌、诔等各种精华，又涉及谜语、酒令、建筑、服饰、珍禽异兽、奇花异卉、神话传说、名人秀女、琴棋书画、医卜星相、风俗礼仪等多种知识，白话文言间用，成语典故成堆。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Nadia 202011080004==&lt;br /&gt;
对于一般读者来说，所有这些都可能是阅读中的绊脚石。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Mahzad Heydarian 玛莎 202021080004==&lt;br /&gt;
本注释的使命就是为读者清除这些绊脚石，使阅读畅通无阻。&lt;br /&gt;
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This annotation is meant to remove the barriers in  reading and make it easier to read.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Mariam toure 2020GBJ002301==&lt;br /&gt;
因此凡是我认为可能影响读者阅读的地方，便予以注释，决不假装视而不见，决不避难就易。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Rouabah Soumaya 202121080001==&lt;br /&gt;
为了节省篇幅，我仅举一例。第五十六回“敏探春兴利除宿弊，贤宝钗小惠全大体”中，有贾探春与薛宝钗谈论经济的一段话：&lt;br /&gt;
In order to save space, I will give just one example. In the fifty-sixth chapter, &amp;quot;Min Tanchun prospering the benefits and eliminating the disadvantages, Xian Baochai and Xiaohui are all in general&amp;quot;, there is a passage between Jia Tanchun and Xue Baochai discussing the economy:&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Numan 202121080002==&lt;br /&gt;
宝钗笑道：“真真膏粱纨袴之谈。你们虽是千金，原不知道这些事。&lt;br /&gt;
Baochai smiled and said: &amp;quot;It's really tempting to talk about it. Although you--[[User:Atta Ur Rahman|Atta Ur Rahman]] ([[User talk:Atta Ur Rahman|talk]]) 14:09, 6 November 2021 (UTC) are a daughter, you don't know these things.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Muhammad Saqib Mehran 202121080004==&lt;br /&gt;
但只你们也都念过书，识过字的，竟没看见过朱夫子有一篇《不自弃文》么？”&lt;br /&gt;
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==Jawad Ahmad 202121080006==&lt;br /&gt;
探春笑道：“虽也看过，不过是勉人自励，虚比浮词，那里真是有的？”&lt;br /&gt;
Tanchun said and smile, &amp;quot;Although I have seen it, it's just a matter of encouraging others to encourage themselves. It's a meaningless word. Is there really something happen?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Nizam Uddin 202121080007==&lt;br /&gt;
宝钗道：“朱子都行了虚比浮词了？那句句都是有的。&lt;br /&gt;
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==Öncü 202121080008==&lt;br /&gt;
你才办了两天事，就利欲熏心，把朱子都看虚浮了。&lt;br /&gt;
You have been working on it for two days only, and blinded by greed, you have made ZhuZi look vain.--[[User:HIKMET ONCU KADIOGLU|HIKMET ONCU KADIOGLU]] ([[User talk:HIKMET ONCU KADIOGLU|talk]]) 16:52, 6 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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You have only been doing things for two days, then you desire for money and profit fascinated the heart, and you think Zhu Zi is Unrealistic. --[[User:AkiraJantarat|AkiraJantarat]] ([[User talk:AkiraJantarat|talk]]) 09:29, 8 November 2021 (UTC)Akira Jantarat&lt;br /&gt;
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==Akira Jantarat 202121080009==&lt;br /&gt;
你再出去，见了那些利弊大事，越发连孔子也都看虚了呢！”&lt;br /&gt;
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If you go to a larger world and see greater benefits or disadvantages, I am afraid you will be a little bit down on what Kongzi said.--[[User:AkiraJantarat|AkiraJantarat]] ([[User talk:AkiraJantarat|talk]]) 14:19, 6 November 2021 (UTC)Akira&lt;br /&gt;
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If you go out again and see the pros and cons of major events, you will be even more deceptive!--[[User:Asep Budiman|Asep Budiman]] ([[User talk:Asep Budiman|talk]]) 07:50, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Asep Budiman 202111080020==&lt;br /&gt;
探春笑道：“你这样一个通人，竟没看见《姬子》书？&lt;br /&gt;
Tan Chun Smiled and said &amp;quot;you are such a familiar person, but have you read the &amp;quot;Ji Zi&amp;quot; book?--[[User:Asep Budiman|Asep Budiman]] ([[User talk:Asep Budiman|talk]]) 07:41, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Tan Chun smiled and said: &amp;quot;You are such a familiar person, but haven't you read the book &amp;quot;Ji Zi&amp;quot;? --[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 10:57, 7 November 2021 (UTC)Ei Mon Kyaw -Ei Mon Kyaw-[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 10:57, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Ei Mon Kyaw 202111080021==&lt;br /&gt;
当日《姬子》有云：‘登利禄之场，处运筹之界者，穷尧舜之词，背孔孟之道。’”&lt;br /&gt;
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On that day, &amp;quot;Jizi&amp;quot; said: ‘The field of Deng Lilu, those who are in the realm of management, are poor in the words of Yao and Shun, and recite the way of Confucius and Mencius. ’&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 13:52, 6 November 2021 (UTC)EI MON KYAW&lt;br /&gt;
-EI MON KYAW-[[User:EIMONKYAW|EIMONKYAW]] ([[User talk:EIMONKYAW|talk]]) 13:52, 6 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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There was a saying in ''Himeko'' that day: &amp;quot;Deng LiLu, and those who operate in this realm, steal the words of Yao and Shun, and memorize Confucianism.&amp;quot;--[[User:Benjamin Wellsand|Benjamin Wellsand]] ([[User talk:Benjamin Wellsand|talk]]) 13:38, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Benjamin Wellsand 202111080118==&lt;br /&gt;
宝钗笑道：“底下三句呢？”探春笑道：“如今断章取义，念出底下一句，我自己骂我自己不成？”&lt;br /&gt;
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Baochai smiled: &amp;quot;What about the next three sentences?&amp;quot; Tan Chun smiled: &amp;quot;Now that I have read the next sentence out of context, can I blame myself for failing?&amp;quot;--[[User:Benjamin Wellsand|Benjamin Wellsand]] ([[User talk:Benjamin Wellsand|talk]]) 13:39, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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Translation: Baochai smiled: &amp;quot;What about the next three sentences?&amp;quot; Tan Chun smiled: &amp;quot;Now I take the next sentence out of context, and if I read the next sentence out of context, I can't blame myself?&amp;quot;--[[User:Atta Ur Rahman|Atta Ur Rahman]] ([[User talk:Atta Ur Rahman|talk]]) 11:20, 7 November 2021 (UTC)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Atta Ur Rahman 202121080003==&lt;br /&gt;
在这段话中，提到了朱熹的《不自弃文》，还有《姬子》一书。&lt;br /&gt;
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Translation: In this passage, Zhu Xi's &amp;quot;don't abandoned the text--[[User:Muhammad Numan|Muhammad Numan]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Numan|talk]]) 14:13, 6 November 2021 (UTC)--[[User:Muhammad Numan|Muhammad Numan]] ([[User talk:Muhammad Numan|talk]]) 14:13, 6 November 2021 (UTC)&amp;quot; and the book &amp;quot;Ji Zi&amp;quot; are mentioned.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Zohaib Chand 202121080005==&lt;br /&gt;
我所看到的几个《红楼梦》注本，对《不自弃文》有所注释，而对《姬子》却避而不注。&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=126366</id>
		<title>Machine translation</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=126366"/>
		<updated>2021-11-08T14:29:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 3.The Irreplaceability of Human Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
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30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
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=1 卫怡雯=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]]&lt;br /&gt;
=2 吴映红=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_2]]&lt;br /&gt;
=3 肖毅瑶=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_3]]&lt;br /&gt;
=4 王李菲=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_4]]&lt;br /&gt;
=5 杨柳青=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_5]]&lt;br /&gt;
=6 徐敏赟 (Neural network-based machine translation)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_6]]&lt;br /&gt;
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=7 颜莉莉(一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_7]]&lt;br /&gt;
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===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
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===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
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===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
进入人工智能时代，人工智能被应用于各个领域。在翻译领域，传统的翻译模式已无法满足信息化时代的飞速发展和更新，机器翻译的发展给语言服务行业带来了结构性改变，这对翻译人才的培养提出了挑战。“一带一路”背景下，对翻译人才的翻译素养要求越来越高，利用人工智能和翻译技术对翻译人才培养模式进行革新，更好为时代发展服务。本文主要探究在一带一路背景下人工智能和翻译人才培养，翻译人才的培养过程中正向对人才的综合性培养，反之也可以利用人工智能和机器翻译完善教学模式和教学内容，在合作中共赢。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能；机器翻译；翻译人才培养；一带一路&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.人工智能时代机器翻译发展现状 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.高校翻译人才培养挑战===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.一带一路语言环境和人才需要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.在机器翻译视域下如何培养翻译人才 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.1 对翻译人才的素养要求 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.2 利用人工智能进行翻译实践活动===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.3 大数据、术语库和语料库的应用===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.2 针对一带一路的机器翻译与翻译人才的合作===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=8 颜静(On Machine Translation Under Lanuguage Intelligence——An Option and Opportunity for Human Translator)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_8]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
Nowadays the artificial intelligence is sweeping the world, however, the traditional language research and language service industry is facing new challenges. Where will pure liberal arts workers go? This paper attempts to comb and analyze the development process of language intelligence in artificial intelligence and the development status of language industry under the background of information age to interpret the feasibility and necessity of liberal arts translators to engage in machine translation research, thus to provide an option for human translators in information age to develop.&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
New Libral Arts; Language Intelligence; Machine Translation; Interdisciplinarity&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
论语言智能之机器翻译——我们的选择和未来&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
当今人工智能的热潮席卷全球，而传统的语言研究和语言服务行业却面临着新的挑战，纯文科型工作者将何去何从？本文通过梳理分析人工智能中语言智能领域的发展历程和信息时代背景下语言行业的发展现状，对文科译者从事机器翻译研究的可行性和必要性进行阐述，为信息时代译者的发展路径提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
新文科；语言智能；机器翻译；学科交叉&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Artificial Intelligence in Rapid Development===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. Interdisciplinarity in Irresistible Trend===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Language Study at Information Times===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. Traslation Mode on Man-machine Cooperation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=9 谢佳芬（人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of information technology, many industries are facing the competitive pressure of artificial intelligence, and so is the field of translation. Artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and combined with the field of translation，which has brought great impact and changes to traditional translation, but artificial intelligence translation and artificial translation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Artificial translation is in the leading position in adapting to human language logical habits and understanding characteristics, but in terms of translation threshold and economic value, the efficiency of artificial intelligence translation is even better. In a word, we need to know that machine translation and human translation are complementary rather than antagonistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Artificial Translation; Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
伴随着信息技术的不断发展，多个行业面临着人工智能的竞争压力，翻译领域也是如此。人工智能技术快速发展并与翻译领域结合，人工智能翻译给传统翻译带来了巨大的冲击和变革，但人工智能翻译与人工翻译存在着各自的优劣特点和发展空间，在适应人类语言逻辑习惯和理解特点的翻译效果上，人工翻译处于领先地位，但在翻译门槛和经济价值上，人工智能翻译的效率则更胜一筹。总的来说，我们要知道机器翻译与人工翻译是互补而非对立的关系。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译;人工翻译;人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.The Irreplaceability of Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Discussion on the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.  Suggestions on the Combined Development of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=10 熊敏(机器翻译在旅游产业的应用Application of Machine Translation in Tourism Industry)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_10]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
Application of Machine Translation in Tourism Industry&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.  ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=11 陈惠妮=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_11]]&lt;br /&gt;
=12 蔡珠凤=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_12]]&lt;br /&gt;
=13 陈湘琼Chen Xiangqiong（Study on Post-editing from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory ）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_13]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of technology，machine translation methods are changing. From rule-based methods to corpus-based methods，and then to neural network translation，every time machine translation become more precise, which means it is not impossible the complete  replacement of human translation by machine translation. But machine translation still faces many problems until today such as : fail to translate special terms, incapable to set the right sentence order, unable to understand content and culture background etc. All of these need to be checked out and modified by human translator, so it can be predict that the model ''Human + Machine''  will last for a long period. This article will discuss mistakes made in machine translation and describe what translators should do in post-editing based on the skopos theory and functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
machine translation，post-editing，skopos theory，functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
基于功能对等视角探讨译后编辑问题与对策&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
随着科技的不断发展，机器翻译方法也在不断变革，从基于规则的机器翻译，到基于统计的机器翻译，再到今天基于人工神经网络的机器翻译，每一次变化都让机器翻译变得更精确，更高质。这意味着在不远的将来，机器翻译完全代替人工翻译成为一种可能。但是直至今天，机器翻译仍然面临许多的问题如：无法准确翻译术语、无法正确排列句子语序、无法分辨语境等，这些问题依然需要人工检查和修改。机器翻译自有其优点，人工翻译也有无可替代之处，所以在很长一段时间内，翻译都应该是机器+人工的运作方式。本文将基于翻译目的论和功能对等理论，对机器翻译可能出现的错误之处进行探讨，并且旨在描述译者在进行译后编辑时需要注重的方面，为广大译员提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译，译后编辑，翻译目的论，功能对等&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Machine Translation Versus Human Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. Skopos Theory and Translation Equivalent===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. The Relationship between MT and HT ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. Post-editing On Words===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. Post-editing On Sentences===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. Post-editing On Style and Culture Background===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=126365</id>
		<title>Machine translation</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=126365"/>
		<updated>2021-11-08T14:28:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 4. Discussion on the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Human Translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=1 卫怡雯=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]]&lt;br /&gt;
=2 吴映红=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_2]]&lt;br /&gt;
=3 肖毅瑶=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_3]]&lt;br /&gt;
=4 王李菲=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_4]]&lt;br /&gt;
=5 杨柳青=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_5]]&lt;br /&gt;
=6 徐敏赟 (Neural network-based machine translation)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_6]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=7 颜莉莉(一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_7]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
进入人工智能时代，人工智能被应用于各个领域。在翻译领域，传统的翻译模式已无法满足信息化时代的飞速发展和更新，机器翻译的发展给语言服务行业带来了结构性改变，这对翻译人才的培养提出了挑战。“一带一路”背景下，对翻译人才的翻译素养要求越来越高，利用人工智能和翻译技术对翻译人才培养模式进行革新，更好为时代发展服务。本文主要探究在一带一路背景下人工智能和翻译人才培养，翻译人才的培养过程中正向对人才的综合性培养，反之也可以利用人工智能和机器翻译完善教学模式和教学内容，在合作中共赢。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能；机器翻译；翻译人才培养；一带一路&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.人工智能时代机器翻译发展现状 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.高校翻译人才培养挑战===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.一带一路语言环境和人才需要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.在机器翻译视域下如何培养翻译人才 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.1 对翻译人才的素养要求 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.2 利用人工智能进行翻译实践活动===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.3 大数据、术语库和语料库的应用===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.2 针对一带一路的机器翻译与翻译人才的合作===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=8 颜静(On Machine Translation Under Lanuguage Intelligence——An Option and Opportunity for Human Translator)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_8]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
Nowadays the artificial intelligence is sweeping the world, however, the traditional language research and language service industry is facing new challenges. Where will pure liberal arts workers go? This paper attempts to comb and analyze the development process of language intelligence in artificial intelligence and the development status of language industry under the background of information age to interpret the feasibility and necessity of liberal arts translators to engage in machine translation research, thus to provide an option for human translators in information age to develop.&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
New Libral Arts; Language Intelligence; Machine Translation; Interdisciplinarity&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
论语言智能之机器翻译——我们的选择和未来&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
当今人工智能的热潮席卷全球，而传统的语言研究和语言服务行业却面临着新的挑战，纯文科型工作者将何去何从？本文通过梳理分析人工智能中语言智能领域的发展历程和信息时代背景下语言行业的发展现状，对文科译者从事机器翻译研究的可行性和必要性进行阐述，为信息时代译者的发展路径提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
新文科；语言智能；机器翻译；学科交叉&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Artificial Intelligence in Rapid Development===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. Interdisciplinarity in Irresistible Trend===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Language Study at Information Times===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. Traslation Mode on Man-machine Cooperation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=9 谢佳芬（人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of information technology, many industries are facing the competitive pressure of artificial intelligence, and so is the field of translation. Artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and combined with the field of translation，which has brought great impact and changes to traditional translation, but artificial intelligence translation and artificial translation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Artificial translation is in the leading position in adapting to human language logical habits and understanding characteristics, but in terms of translation threshold and economic value, the efficiency of artificial intelligence translation is even better. In a word, we need to know that machine translation and human translation are complementary rather than antagonistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Artificial Translation; Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
伴随着信息技术的不断发展，多个行业面临着人工智能的竞争压力，翻译领域也是如此。人工智能技术快速发展并与翻译领域结合，人工智能翻译给传统翻译带来了巨大的冲击和变革，但人工智能翻译与人工翻译存在着各自的优劣特点和发展空间，在适应人类语言逻辑习惯和理解特点的翻译效果上，人工翻译处于领先地位，但在翻译门槛和经济价值上，人工智能翻译的效率则更胜一筹。总的来说，我们要知道机器翻译与人工翻译是互补而非对立的关系。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译;人工翻译;人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.The Irreplaceability of Human Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Discussion on the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Artificial Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.  Suggestions on the Combined Development of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=10 熊敏(机器翻译在旅游产业的应用Application of Machine Translation in Tourism Industry)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_10]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
Application of Machine Translation in Tourism Industry&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.  ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=11 陈惠妮=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_11]]&lt;br /&gt;
=12 蔡珠凤=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_12]]&lt;br /&gt;
=13 陈湘琼Chen Xiangqiong（Study on Post-editing from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory ）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_13]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of technology，machine translation methods are changing. From rule-based methods to corpus-based methods，and then to neural network translation，every time machine translation become more precise, which means it is not impossible the complete  replacement of human translation by machine translation. But machine translation still faces many problems until today such as : fail to translate special terms, incapable to set the right sentence order, unable to understand content and culture background etc. All of these need to be checked out and modified by human translator, so it can be predict that the model ''Human + Machine''  will last for a long period. This article will discuss mistakes made in machine translation and describe what translators should do in post-editing based on the skopos theory and functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
machine translation，post-editing，skopos theory，functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
基于功能对等视角探讨译后编辑问题与对策&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
随着科技的不断发展，机器翻译方法也在不断变革，从基于规则的机器翻译，到基于统计的机器翻译，再到今天基于人工神经网络的机器翻译，每一次变化都让机器翻译变得更精确，更高质。这意味着在不远的将来，机器翻译完全代替人工翻译成为一种可能。但是直至今天，机器翻译仍然面临许多的问题如：无法准确翻译术语、无法正确排列句子语序、无法分辨语境等，这些问题依然需要人工检查和修改。机器翻译自有其优点，人工翻译也有无可替代之处，所以在很长一段时间内，翻译都应该是机器+人工的运作方式。本文将基于翻译目的论和功能对等理论，对机器翻译可能出现的错误之处进行探讨，并且旨在描述译者在进行译后编辑时需要注重的方面，为广大译员提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译，译后编辑，翻译目的论，功能对等&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Machine Translation Versus Human Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. Skopos Theory and Translation Equivalent===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. The Relationship between MT and HT ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. Post-editing On Words===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. Post-editing On Sentences===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. Post-editing On Style and Culture Background===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=126364</id>
		<title>Machine translation</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=126364"/>
		<updated>2021-11-08T14:28:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 5. */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=1 卫怡雯=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]]&lt;br /&gt;
=2 吴映红=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_2]]&lt;br /&gt;
=3 肖毅瑶=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_3]]&lt;br /&gt;
=4 王李菲=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_4]]&lt;br /&gt;
=5 杨柳青=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_5]]&lt;br /&gt;
=6 徐敏赟 (Neural network-based machine translation)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_6]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=7 颜莉莉(一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_7]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
进入人工智能时代，人工智能被应用于各个领域。在翻译领域，传统的翻译模式已无法满足信息化时代的飞速发展和更新，机器翻译的发展给语言服务行业带来了结构性改变，这对翻译人才的培养提出了挑战。“一带一路”背景下，对翻译人才的翻译素养要求越来越高，利用人工智能和翻译技术对翻译人才培养模式进行革新，更好为时代发展服务。本文主要探究在一带一路背景下人工智能和翻译人才培养，翻译人才的培养过程中正向对人才的综合性培养，反之也可以利用人工智能和机器翻译完善教学模式和教学内容，在合作中共赢。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能；机器翻译；翻译人才培养；一带一路&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.人工智能时代机器翻译发展现状 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.高校翻译人才培养挑战===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.一带一路语言环境和人才需要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.在机器翻译视域下如何培养翻译人才 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.1 对翻译人才的素养要求 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.2 利用人工智能进行翻译实践活动===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.3 大数据、术语库和语料库的应用===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.2 针对一带一路的机器翻译与翻译人才的合作===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=8 颜静(On Machine Translation Under Lanuguage Intelligence——An Option and Opportunity for Human Translator)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_8]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
Nowadays the artificial intelligence is sweeping the world, however, the traditional language research and language service industry is facing new challenges. Where will pure liberal arts workers go? This paper attempts to comb and analyze the development process of language intelligence in artificial intelligence and the development status of language industry under the background of information age to interpret the feasibility and necessity of liberal arts translators to engage in machine translation research, thus to provide an option for human translators in information age to develop.&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
New Libral Arts; Language Intelligence; Machine Translation; Interdisciplinarity&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
论语言智能之机器翻译——我们的选择和未来&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
当今人工智能的热潮席卷全球，而传统的语言研究和语言服务行业却面临着新的挑战，纯文科型工作者将何去何从？本文通过梳理分析人工智能中语言智能领域的发展历程和信息时代背景下语言行业的发展现状，对文科译者从事机器翻译研究的可行性和必要性进行阐述，为信息时代译者的发展路径提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
新文科；语言智能；机器翻译；学科交叉&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Artificial Intelligence in Rapid Development===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. Interdisciplinarity in Irresistible Trend===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Language Study at Information Times===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. Traslation Mode on Man-machine Cooperation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=9 谢佳芬（人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of information technology, many industries are facing the competitive pressure of artificial intelligence, and so is the field of translation. Artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and combined with the field of translation，which has brought great impact and changes to traditional translation, but artificial intelligence translation and artificial translation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Artificial translation is in the leading position in adapting to human language logical habits and understanding characteristics, but in terms of translation threshold and economic value, the efficiency of artificial intelligence translation is even better. In a word, we need to know that machine translation and human translation are complementary rather than antagonistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Artificial Translation; Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
伴随着信息技术的不断发展，多个行业面临着人工智能的竞争压力，翻译领域也是如此。人工智能技术快速发展并与翻译领域结合，人工智能翻译给传统翻译带来了巨大的冲击和变革，但人工智能翻译与人工翻译存在着各自的优劣特点和发展空间，在适应人类语言逻辑习惯和理解特点的翻译效果上，人工翻译处于领先地位，但在翻译门槛和经济价值上，人工智能翻译的效率则更胜一筹。总的来说，我们要知道机器翻译与人工翻译是互补而非对立的关系。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译;人工翻译;人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.The Irreplaceability of Human Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Discussion on the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Human Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.  Suggestions on the Combined Development of Machine Translation and Artificial Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=10 熊敏(机器翻译在旅游产业的应用Application of Machine Translation in Tourism Industry)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_10]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
Application of Machine Translation in Tourism Industry&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.  ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=11 陈惠妮=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_11]]&lt;br /&gt;
=12 蔡珠凤=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_12]]&lt;br /&gt;
=13 陈湘琼Chen Xiangqiong（Study on Post-editing from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory ）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_13]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of technology，machine translation methods are changing. From rule-based methods to corpus-based methods，and then to neural network translation，every time machine translation become more precise, which means it is not impossible the complete  replacement of human translation by machine translation. But machine translation still faces many problems until today such as : fail to translate special terms, incapable to set the right sentence order, unable to understand content and culture background etc. All of these need to be checked out and modified by human translator, so it can be predict that the model ''Human + Machine''  will last for a long period. This article will discuss mistakes made in machine translation and describe what translators should do in post-editing based on the skopos theory and functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
machine translation，post-editing，skopos theory，functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
基于功能对等视角探讨译后编辑问题与对策&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
随着科技的不断发展，机器翻译方法也在不断变革，从基于规则的机器翻译，到基于统计的机器翻译，再到今天基于人工神经网络的机器翻译，每一次变化都让机器翻译变得更精确，更高质。这意味着在不远的将来，机器翻译完全代替人工翻译成为一种可能。但是直至今天，机器翻译仍然面临许多的问题如：无法准确翻译术语、无法正确排列句子语序、无法分辨语境等，这些问题依然需要人工检查和修改。机器翻译自有其优点，人工翻译也有无可替代之处，所以在很长一段时间内，翻译都应该是机器+人工的运作方式。本文将基于翻译目的论和功能对等理论，对机器翻译可能出现的错误之处进行探讨，并且旨在描述译者在进行译后编辑时需要注重的方面，为广大译员提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译，译后编辑，翻译目的论，功能对等&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Machine Translation Versus Human Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. Skopos Theory and Translation Equivalent===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. The Relationship between MT and HT ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. Post-editing On Words===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. Post-editing On Sentences===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. Post-editing On Style and Culture Background===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=126363</id>
		<title>Machine translation</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=126363"/>
		<updated>2021-11-08T14:26:10Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 3.The irreplaceability of human translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=1 卫怡雯=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]]&lt;br /&gt;
=2 吴映红=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_2]]&lt;br /&gt;
=3 肖毅瑶=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_3]]&lt;br /&gt;
=4 王李菲=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_4]]&lt;br /&gt;
=5 杨柳青=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_5]]&lt;br /&gt;
=6 徐敏赟 (Neural network-based machine translation)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_6]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=7 颜莉莉(一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_7]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
进入人工智能时代，人工智能被应用于各个领域。在翻译领域，传统的翻译模式已无法满足信息化时代的飞速发展和更新，机器翻译的发展给语言服务行业带来了结构性改变，这对翻译人才的培养提出了挑战。“一带一路”背景下，对翻译人才的翻译素养要求越来越高，利用人工智能和翻译技术对翻译人才培养模式进行革新，更好为时代发展服务。本文主要探究在一带一路背景下人工智能和翻译人才培养，翻译人才的培养过程中正向对人才的综合性培养，反之也可以利用人工智能和机器翻译完善教学模式和教学内容，在合作中共赢。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能；机器翻译；翻译人才培养；一带一路&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.人工智能时代机器翻译发展现状 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.高校翻译人才培养挑战===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.一带一路语言环境和人才需要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.在机器翻译视域下如何培养翻译人才 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.1 对翻译人才的素养要求 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.2 利用人工智能进行翻译实践活动===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.3 大数据、术语库和语料库的应用===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.2 针对一带一路的机器翻译与翻译人才的合作===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=8 颜静(On Machine Translation Under Lanuguage Intelligence——An Option and Opportunity for Human Translator)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_8]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
Nowadays the artificial intelligence is sweeping the world, however, the traditional language research and language service industry is facing new challenges. Where will pure liberal arts workers go? This paper attempts to comb and analyze the development process of language intelligence in artificial intelligence and the development status of language industry under the background of information age to interpret the feasibility and necessity of liberal arts translators to engage in machine translation research, thus to provide an option for human translators in information age to develop.&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
New Libral Arts; Language Intelligence; Machine Translation; Interdisciplinarity&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
论语言智能之机器翻译——我们的选择和未来&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
当今人工智能的热潮席卷全球，而传统的语言研究和语言服务行业却面临着新的挑战，纯文科型工作者将何去何从？本文通过梳理分析人工智能中语言智能领域的发展历程和信息时代背景下语言行业的发展现状，对文科译者从事机器翻译研究的可行性和必要性进行阐述，为信息时代译者的发展路径提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
新文科；语言智能；机器翻译；学科交叉&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Artificial Intelligence in Rapid Development===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. Interdisciplinarity in Irresistible Trend===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Language Study at Information Times===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. Traslation Mode on Man-machine Cooperation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=9 谢佳芬（人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of information technology, many industries are facing the competitive pressure of artificial intelligence, and so is the field of translation. Artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and combined with the field of translation，which has brought great impact and changes to traditional translation, but artificial intelligence translation and artificial translation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Artificial translation is in the leading position in adapting to human language logical habits and understanding characteristics, but in terms of translation threshold and economic value, the efficiency of artificial intelligence translation is even better. In a word, we need to know that machine translation and human translation are complementary rather than antagonistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Artificial Translation; Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
伴随着信息技术的不断发展，多个行业面临着人工智能的竞争压力，翻译领域也是如此。人工智能技术快速发展并与翻译领域结合，人工智能翻译给传统翻译带来了巨大的冲击和变革，但人工智能翻译与人工翻译存在着各自的优劣特点和发展空间，在适应人类语言逻辑习惯和理解特点的翻译效果上，人工翻译处于领先地位，但在翻译门槛和经济价值上，人工智能翻译的效率则更胜一筹。总的来说，我们要知道机器翻译与人工翻译是互补而非对立的关系。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译;人工翻译;人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.The Irreplaceability of Human Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Discussion on the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Human Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=10 熊敏(机器翻译在旅游产业的应用Application of Machine Translation in Tourism Industry)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_10]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
Application of Machine Translation in Tourism Industry&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.  ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=11 陈惠妮=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_11]]&lt;br /&gt;
=12 蔡珠凤=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_12]]&lt;br /&gt;
=13 陈湘琼Chen Xiangqiong（Study on Post-editing from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory ）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_13]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of technology，machine translation methods are changing. From rule-based methods to corpus-based methods，and then to neural network translation，every time machine translation become more precise, which means it is not impossible the complete  replacement of human translation by machine translation. But machine translation still faces many problems until today such as : fail to translate special terms, incapable to set the right sentence order, unable to understand content and culture background etc. All of these need to be checked out and modified by human translator, so it can be predict that the model ''Human + Machine''  will last for a long period. This article will discuss mistakes made in machine translation and describe what translators should do in post-editing based on the skopos theory and functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
machine translation，post-editing，skopos theory，functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
基于功能对等视角探讨译后编辑问题与对策&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
随着科技的不断发展，机器翻译方法也在不断变革，从基于规则的机器翻译，到基于统计的机器翻译，再到今天基于人工神经网络的机器翻译，每一次变化都让机器翻译变得更精确，更高质。这意味着在不远的将来，机器翻译完全代替人工翻译成为一种可能。但是直至今天，机器翻译仍然面临许多的问题如：无法准确翻译术语、无法正确排列句子语序、无法分辨语境等，这些问题依然需要人工检查和修改。机器翻译自有其优点，人工翻译也有无可替代之处，所以在很长一段时间内，翻译都应该是机器+人工的运作方式。本文将基于翻译目的论和功能对等理论，对机器翻译可能出现的错误之处进行探讨，并且旨在描述译者在进行译后编辑时需要注重的方面，为广大译员提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译，译后编辑，翻译目的论，功能对等&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Machine Translation Versus Human Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. Skopos Theory and Translation Equivalent===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. The Relationship between MT and HT ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. Post-editing On Words===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. Post-editing On Sentences===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. Post-editing On Style and Culture Background===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=126362</id>
		<title>Machine translation</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=126362"/>
		<updated>2021-11-08T14:25:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 2. Advantages and disadvantages of machine translation */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=1 卫怡雯=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]]&lt;br /&gt;
=2 吴映红=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_2]]&lt;br /&gt;
=3 肖毅瑶=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_3]]&lt;br /&gt;
=4 王李菲=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_4]]&lt;br /&gt;
=5 杨柳青=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_5]]&lt;br /&gt;
=6 徐敏赟 (Neural network-based machine translation)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_6]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=7 颜莉莉(一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_7]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
进入人工智能时代，人工智能被应用于各个领域。在翻译领域，传统的翻译模式已无法满足信息化时代的飞速发展和更新，机器翻译的发展给语言服务行业带来了结构性改变，这对翻译人才的培养提出了挑战。“一带一路”背景下，对翻译人才的翻译素养要求越来越高，利用人工智能和翻译技术对翻译人才培养模式进行革新，更好为时代发展服务。本文主要探究在一带一路背景下人工智能和翻译人才培养，翻译人才的培养过程中正向对人才的综合性培养，反之也可以利用人工智能和机器翻译完善教学模式和教学内容，在合作中共赢。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能；机器翻译；翻译人才培养；一带一路&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.人工智能时代机器翻译发展现状 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.高校翻译人才培养挑战===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.一带一路语言环境和人才需要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.在机器翻译视域下如何培养翻译人才 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.1 对翻译人才的素养要求 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.2 利用人工智能进行翻译实践活动===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.3 大数据、术语库和语料库的应用===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.2 针对一带一路的机器翻译与翻译人才的合作===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=8 颜静(On Machine Translation Under Lanuguage Intelligence——An Option and Opportunity for Human Translator)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_8]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
Nowadays the artificial intelligence is sweeping the world, however, the traditional language research and language service industry is facing new challenges. Where will pure liberal arts workers go? This paper attempts to comb and analyze the development process of language intelligence in artificial intelligence and the development status of language industry under the background of information age to interpret the feasibility and necessity of liberal arts translators to engage in machine translation research, thus to provide an option for human translators in information age to develop.&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
New Libral Arts; Language Intelligence; Machine Translation; Interdisciplinarity&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
论语言智能之机器翻译——我们的选择和未来&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
当今人工智能的热潮席卷全球，而传统的语言研究和语言服务行业却面临着新的挑战，纯文科型工作者将何去何从？本文通过梳理分析人工智能中语言智能领域的发展历程和信息时代背景下语言行业的发展现状，对文科译者从事机器翻译研究的可行性和必要性进行阐述，为信息时代译者的发展路径提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
新文科；语言智能；机器翻译；学科交叉&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Artificial Intelligence in Rapid Development===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. Interdisciplinarity in Irresistible Trend===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Language Study at Information Times===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. Traslation Mode on Man-machine Cooperation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=9 谢佳芬（人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of information technology, many industries are facing the competitive pressure of artificial intelligence, and so is the field of translation. Artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and combined with the field of translation，which has brought great impact and changes to traditional translation, but artificial intelligence translation and artificial translation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Artificial translation is in the leading position in adapting to human language logical habits and understanding characteristics, but in terms of translation threshold and economic value, the efficiency of artificial intelligence translation is even better. In a word, we need to know that machine translation and human translation are complementary rather than antagonistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Artificial Translation; Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
伴随着信息技术的不断发展，多个行业面临着人工智能的竞争压力，翻译领域也是如此。人工智能技术快速发展并与翻译领域结合，人工智能翻译给传统翻译带来了巨大的冲击和变革，但人工智能翻译与人工翻译存在着各自的优劣特点和发展空间，在适应人类语言逻辑习惯和理解特点的翻译效果上，人工翻译处于领先地位，但在翻译门槛和经济价值上，人工智能翻译的效率则更胜一筹。总的来说，我们要知道机器翻译与人工翻译是互补而非对立的关系。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译;人工翻译;人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Machine Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.The irreplaceability of human translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Discussion on the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Human Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=10 熊敏(机器翻译在旅游产业的应用Application of Machine Translation in Tourism Industry)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_10]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
Application of Machine Translation in Tourism Industry&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.  ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=11 陈惠妮=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_11]]&lt;br /&gt;
=12 蔡珠凤=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_12]]&lt;br /&gt;
=13 陈湘琼Chen Xiangqiong（Study on Post-editing from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory ）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_13]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of technology，machine translation methods are changing. From rule-based methods to corpus-based methods，and then to neural network translation，every time machine translation become more precise, which means it is not impossible the complete  replacement of human translation by machine translation. But machine translation still faces many problems until today such as : fail to translate special terms, incapable to set the right sentence order, unable to understand content and culture background etc. All of these need to be checked out and modified by human translator, so it can be predict that the model ''Human + Machine''  will last for a long period. This article will discuss mistakes made in machine translation and describe what translators should do in post-editing based on the skopos theory and functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
machine translation，post-editing，skopos theory，functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
基于功能对等视角探讨译后编辑问题与对策&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
随着科技的不断发展，机器翻译方法也在不断变革，从基于规则的机器翻译，到基于统计的机器翻译，再到今天基于人工神经网络的机器翻译，每一次变化都让机器翻译变得更精确，更高质。这意味着在不远的将来，机器翻译完全代替人工翻译成为一种可能。但是直至今天，机器翻译仍然面临许多的问题如：无法准确翻译术语、无法正确排列句子语序、无法分辨语境等，这些问题依然需要人工检查和修改。机器翻译自有其优点，人工翻译也有无可替代之处，所以在很长一段时间内，翻译都应该是机器+人工的运作方式。本文将基于翻译目的论和功能对等理论，对机器翻译可能出现的错误之处进行探讨，并且旨在描述译者在进行译后编辑时需要注重的方面，为广大译员提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译，译后编辑，翻译目的论，功能对等&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Machine Translation Versus Human Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. Skopos Theory and Translation Equivalent===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. The Relationship between MT and HT ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. Post-editing On Words===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. Post-editing On Sentences===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. Post-editing On Style and Culture Background===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=126361</id>
		<title>Machine translation</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=126361"/>
		<updated>2021-11-08T14:24:53Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 4. */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=1 卫怡雯=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]]&lt;br /&gt;
=2 吴映红=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_2]]&lt;br /&gt;
=3 肖毅瑶=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_3]]&lt;br /&gt;
=4 王李菲=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_4]]&lt;br /&gt;
=5 杨柳青=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_5]]&lt;br /&gt;
=6 徐敏赟 (Neural network-based machine translation)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_6]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=7 颜莉莉(一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_7]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
进入人工智能时代，人工智能被应用于各个领域。在翻译领域，传统的翻译模式已无法满足信息化时代的飞速发展和更新，机器翻译的发展给语言服务行业带来了结构性改变，这对翻译人才的培养提出了挑战。“一带一路”背景下，对翻译人才的翻译素养要求越来越高，利用人工智能和翻译技术对翻译人才培养模式进行革新，更好为时代发展服务。本文主要探究在一带一路背景下人工智能和翻译人才培养，翻译人才的培养过程中正向对人才的综合性培养，反之也可以利用人工智能和机器翻译完善教学模式和教学内容，在合作中共赢。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能；机器翻译；翻译人才培养；一带一路&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.人工智能时代机器翻译发展现状 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.高校翻译人才培养挑战===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.一带一路语言环境和人才需要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.在机器翻译视域下如何培养翻译人才 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.1 对翻译人才的素养要求 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.2 利用人工智能进行翻译实践活动===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.3 大数据、术语库和语料库的应用===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.2 针对一带一路的机器翻译与翻译人才的合作===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=8 颜静(On Machine Translation Under Lanuguage Intelligence——An Option and Opportunity for Human Translator)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_8]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
Nowadays the artificial intelligence is sweeping the world, however, the traditional language research and language service industry is facing new challenges. Where will pure liberal arts workers go? This paper attempts to comb and analyze the development process of language intelligence in artificial intelligence and the development status of language industry under the background of information age to interpret the feasibility and necessity of liberal arts translators to engage in machine translation research, thus to provide an option for human translators in information age to develop.&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
New Libral Arts; Language Intelligence; Machine Translation; Interdisciplinarity&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
论语言智能之机器翻译——我们的选择和未来&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
当今人工智能的热潮席卷全球，而传统的语言研究和语言服务行业却面临着新的挑战，纯文科型工作者将何去何从？本文通过梳理分析人工智能中语言智能领域的发展历程和信息时代背景下语言行业的发展现状，对文科译者从事机器翻译研究的可行性和必要性进行阐述，为信息时代译者的发展路径提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
新文科；语言智能；机器翻译；学科交叉&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Artificial Intelligence in Rapid Development===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. Interdisciplinarity in Irresistible Trend===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Language Study at Information Times===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. Traslation Mode on Man-machine Cooperation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=9 谢佳芬（人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of information technology, many industries are facing the competitive pressure of artificial intelligence, and so is the field of translation. Artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and combined with the field of translation，which has brought great impact and changes to traditional translation, but artificial intelligence translation and artificial translation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Artificial translation is in the leading position in adapting to human language logical habits and understanding characteristics, but in terms of translation threshold and economic value, the efficiency of artificial intelligence translation is even better. In a word, we need to know that machine translation and human translation are complementary rather than antagonistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Artificial Translation; Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
伴随着信息技术的不断发展，多个行业面临着人工智能的竞争压力，翻译领域也是如此。人工智能技术快速发展并与翻译领域结合，人工智能翻译给传统翻译带来了巨大的冲击和变革，但人工智能翻译与人工翻译存在着各自的优劣特点和发展空间，在适应人类语言逻辑习惯和理解特点的翻译效果上，人工翻译处于领先地位，但在翻译门槛和经济价值上，人工智能翻译的效率则更胜一筹。总的来说，我们要知道机器翻译与人工翻译是互补而非对立的关系。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译;人工翻译;人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Advantages and disadvantages of machine translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.The irreplaceability of human translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Discussion on the Relationship Between Machine Translation and Human Translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=10 熊敏(机器翻译在旅游产业的应用Application of Machine Translation in Tourism Industry)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_10]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
Application of Machine Translation in Tourism Industry&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.  ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=11 陈惠妮=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_11]]&lt;br /&gt;
=12 蔡珠凤=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_12]]&lt;br /&gt;
=13 陈湘琼Chen Xiangqiong（Study on Post-editing from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory ）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_13]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of technology，machine translation methods are changing. From rule-based methods to corpus-based methods，and then to neural network translation，every time machine translation become more precise, which means it is not impossible the complete  replacement of human translation by machine translation. But machine translation still faces many problems until today such as : fail to translate special terms, incapable to set the right sentence order, unable to understand content and culture background etc. All of these need to be checked out and modified by human translator, so it can be predict that the model ''Human + Machine''  will last for a long period. This article will discuss mistakes made in machine translation and describe what translators should do in post-editing based on the skopos theory and functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
machine translation，post-editing，skopos theory，functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
基于功能对等视角探讨译后编辑问题与对策&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
随着科技的不断发展，机器翻译方法也在不断变革，从基于规则的机器翻译，到基于统计的机器翻译，再到今天基于人工神经网络的机器翻译，每一次变化都让机器翻译变得更精确，更高质。这意味着在不远的将来，机器翻译完全代替人工翻译成为一种可能。但是直至今天，机器翻译仍然面临许多的问题如：无法准确翻译术语、无法正确排列句子语序、无法分辨语境等，这些问题依然需要人工检查和修改。机器翻译自有其优点，人工翻译也有无可替代之处，所以在很长一段时间内，翻译都应该是机器+人工的运作方式。本文将基于翻译目的论和功能对等理论，对机器翻译可能出现的错误之处进行探讨，并且旨在描述译者在进行译后编辑时需要注重的方面，为广大译员提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译，译后编辑，翻译目的论，功能对等&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Machine Translation Versus Human Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. Skopos Theory and Translation Equivalent===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. The Relationship between MT and HT ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. Post-editing On Words===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. Post-editing On Sentences===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. Post-editing On Style and Culture Background===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=126359</id>
		<title>Machine translation</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=126359"/>
		<updated>2021-11-08T14:22:53Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 3. */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=1 卫怡雯=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]]&lt;br /&gt;
=2 吴映红=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_2]]&lt;br /&gt;
=3 肖毅瑶=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_3]]&lt;br /&gt;
=4 王李菲=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_4]]&lt;br /&gt;
=5 杨柳青=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_5]]&lt;br /&gt;
=6 徐敏赟 (Neural network-based machine translation)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_6]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=7 颜莉莉(一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_7]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
进入人工智能时代，人工智能被应用于各个领域。在翻译领域，传统的翻译模式已无法满足信息化时代的飞速发展和更新，机器翻译的发展给语言服务行业带来了结构性改变，这对翻译人才的培养提出了挑战。“一带一路”背景下，对翻译人才的翻译素养要求越来越高，利用人工智能和翻译技术对翻译人才培养模式进行革新，更好为时代发展服务。本文主要探究在一带一路背景下人工智能和翻译人才培养，翻译人才的培养过程中正向对人才的综合性培养，反之也可以利用人工智能和机器翻译完善教学模式和教学内容，在合作中共赢。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能；机器翻译；翻译人才培养；一带一路&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.人工智能时代机器翻译发展现状 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.高校翻译人才培养挑战===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.一带一路语言环境和人才需要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.在机器翻译视域下如何培养翻译人才 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.1 对翻译人才的素养要求 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.2 利用人工智能进行翻译实践活动===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.3 大数据、术语库和语料库的应用===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.2 针对一带一路的机器翻译与翻译人才的合作===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=8 颜静(On Machine Translation Under Lanuguage Intelligence——An Option and Opportunity for Human Translator)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_8]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
Nowadays the artificial intelligence is sweeping the world, however, the traditional language research and language service industry is facing new challenges. Where will pure liberal arts workers go? This paper attempts to comb and analyze the development process of language intelligence in artificial intelligence and the development status of language industry under the background of information age to interpret the feasibility and necessity of liberal arts translators to engage in machine translation research, thus to provide an option for human translators in information age to develop.&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
New Libral Arts; Language Intelligence; Machine Translation; Interdisciplinarity&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
论语言智能之机器翻译——我们的选择和未来&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
当今人工智能的热潮席卷全球，而传统的语言研究和语言服务行业却面临着新的挑战，纯文科型工作者将何去何从？本文通过梳理分析人工智能中语言智能领域的发展历程和信息时代背景下语言行业的发展现状，对文科译者从事机器翻译研究的可行性和必要性进行阐述，为信息时代译者的发展路径提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
新文科；语言智能；机器翻译；学科交叉&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Artificial Intelligence in Rapid Development===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. Interdisciplinarity in Irresistible Trend===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Language Study at Information Times===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. Traslation Mode on Man-machine Cooperation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=9 谢佳芬（人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of information technology, many industries are facing the competitive pressure of artificial intelligence, and so is the field of translation. Artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and combined with the field of translation，which has brought great impact and changes to traditional translation, but artificial intelligence translation and artificial translation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Artificial translation is in the leading position in adapting to human language logical habits and understanding characteristics, but in terms of translation threshold and economic value, the efficiency of artificial intelligence translation is even better. In a word, we need to know that machine translation and human translation are complementary rather than antagonistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Artificial Translation; Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
伴随着信息技术的不断发展，多个行业面临着人工智能的竞争压力，翻译领域也是如此。人工智能技术快速发展并与翻译领域结合，人工智能翻译给传统翻译带来了巨大的冲击和变革，但人工智能翻译与人工翻译存在着各自的优劣特点和发展空间，在适应人类语言逻辑习惯和理解特点的翻译效果上，人工翻译处于领先地位，但在翻译门槛和经济价值上，人工智能翻译的效率则更胜一筹。总的来说，我们要知道机器翻译与人工翻译是互补而非对立的关系。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译;人工翻译;人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Advantages and disadvantages of machine translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.The irreplaceability of human translation ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.  ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=10 熊敏(机器翻译在旅游产业的应用Application of Machine Translation in Tourism Industry)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_10]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
Application of Machine Translation in Tourism Industry&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.  ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=11 陈惠妮=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_11]]&lt;br /&gt;
=12 蔡珠凤=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_12]]&lt;br /&gt;
=13 陈湘琼Chen Xiangqiong（Study on Post-editing from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory ）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_13]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of technology，machine translation methods are changing. From rule-based methods to corpus-based methods，and then to neural network translation，every time machine translation become more precise, which means it is not impossible the complete  replacement of human translation by machine translation. But machine translation still faces many problems until today such as : fail to translate special terms, incapable to set the right sentence order, unable to understand content and culture background etc. All of these need to be checked out and modified by human translator, so it can be predict that the model ''Human + Machine''  will last for a long period. This article will discuss mistakes made in machine translation and describe what translators should do in post-editing based on the skopos theory and functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
machine translation，post-editing，skopos theory，functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
基于功能对等视角探讨译后编辑问题与对策&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
随着科技的不断发展，机器翻译方法也在不断变革，从基于规则的机器翻译，到基于统计的机器翻译，再到今天基于人工神经网络的机器翻译，每一次变化都让机器翻译变得更精确，更高质。这意味着在不远的将来，机器翻译完全代替人工翻译成为一种可能。但是直至今天，机器翻译仍然面临许多的问题如：无法准确翻译术语、无法正确排列句子语序、无法分辨语境等，这些问题依然需要人工检查和修改。机器翻译自有其优点，人工翻译也有无可替代之处，所以在很长一段时间内，翻译都应该是机器+人工的运作方式。本文将基于翻译目的论和功能对等理论，对机器翻译可能出现的错误之处进行探讨，并且旨在描述译者在进行译后编辑时需要注重的方面，为广大译员提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译，译后编辑，翻译目的论，功能对等&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Machine Translation Versus Human Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. Skopos Theory and Translation Equivalent===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. The Relationship between MT and HT ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. Post-editing On Words===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. Post-editing On Sentences===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. Post-editing On Style and Culture Background===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=126358</id>
		<title>Machine translation</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Machine_translation&amp;diff=126358"/>
		<updated>2021-11-08T14:22:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Xie Jiafen: /* 2. */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Machine Translation - A challenge or a chance for human translators?'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_translation|Overview Page of Machine Translation]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
30 Chapters（0/30)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=1 卫怡雯=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]]&lt;br /&gt;
=2 吴映红=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_2]]&lt;br /&gt;
=3 肖毅瑶=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_3]]&lt;br /&gt;
=4 王李菲=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_4]]&lt;br /&gt;
=5 杨柳青=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_5]]&lt;br /&gt;
=6 徐敏赟 (Neural network-based machine translation)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_6]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=7 颜莉莉(一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_7]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
一带一路背景下人工智能与翻译人才的培养&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
进入人工智能时代，人工智能被应用于各个领域。在翻译领域，传统的翻译模式已无法满足信息化时代的飞速发展和更新，机器翻译的发展给语言服务行业带来了结构性改变，这对翻译人才的培养提出了挑战。“一带一路”背景下，对翻译人才的翻译素养要求越来越高，利用人工智能和翻译技术对翻译人才培养模式进行革新，更好为时代发展服务。本文主要探究在一带一路背景下人工智能和翻译人才培养，翻译人才的培养过程中正向对人才的综合性培养，反之也可以利用人工智能和机器翻译完善教学模式和教学内容，在合作中共赢。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能；机器翻译；翻译人才培养；一带一路&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2.人工智能时代机器翻译发展现状 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3.高校翻译人才培养挑战===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.一带一路语言环境和人才需要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.在机器翻译视域下如何培养翻译人才 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.1 对翻译人才的素养要求 ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.2 利用人工智能进行翻译实践活动===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.3 大数据、术语库和语料库的应用===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5.2 针对一带一路的机器翻译与翻译人才的合作===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=8 颜静(On Machine Translation Under Lanuguage Intelligence——An Option and Opportunity for Human Translator)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_8]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
Nowadays the artificial intelligence is sweeping the world, however, the traditional language research and language service industry is facing new challenges. Where will pure liberal arts workers go? This paper attempts to comb and analyze the development process of language intelligence in artificial intelligence and the development status of language industry under the background of information age to interpret the feasibility and necessity of liberal arts translators to engage in machine translation research, thus to provide an option for human translators in information age to develop.&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
New Libral Arts; Language Intelligence; Machine Translation; Interdisciplinarity&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
论语言智能之机器翻译——我们的选择和未来&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
当今人工智能的热潮席卷全球，而传统的语言研究和语言服务行业却面临着新的挑战，纯文科型工作者将何去何从？本文通过梳理分析人工智能中语言智能领域的发展历程和信息时代背景下语言行业的发展现状，对文科译者从事机器翻译研究的可行性和必要性进行阐述，为信息时代译者的发展路径提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
新文科；语言智能；机器翻译；学科交叉&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Artificial Intelligence in Rapid Development===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. Interdisciplinarity in Irresistible Trend===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4. Language Study at Information Times===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. Traslation Mode on Man-machine Cooperation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=9 谢佳芬（人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_9]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the continuous development of information technology, many industries are facing the competitive pressure of artificial intelligence, and so is the field of translation. Artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly and combined with the field of translation，which has brought great impact and changes to traditional translation, but artificial intelligence translation and artificial translation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Artificial translation is in the leading position in adapting to human language logical habits and understanding characteristics, but in terms of translation threshold and economic value, the efficiency of artificial intelligence translation is even better. In a word, we need to know that machine translation and human translation are complementary rather than antagonistic.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key Words===&lt;br /&gt;
Machine Translation; Artificial Translation; Artificial Intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
人工智能时代下的机器翻译与人工翻译&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
伴随着信息技术的不断发展，多个行业面临着人工智能的竞争压力，翻译领域也是如此。人工智能技术快速发展并与翻译领域结合，人工智能翻译给传统翻译带来了巨大的冲击和变革，但人工智能翻译与人工翻译存在着各自的优劣特点和发展空间，在适应人类语言逻辑习惯和理解特点的翻译效果上，人工翻译处于领先地位，但在翻译门槛和经济价值上，人工智能翻译的效率则更胜一筹。总的来说，我们要知道机器翻译与人工翻译是互补而非对立的关系。&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译;人工翻译;人工智能&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. Advantages and disadvantages of machine translation===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===3. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===4.  ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===5. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===References===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=10 熊敏(机器翻译在旅游产业的应用Application of Machine Translation in Tourism Industry)=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_10]]&lt;br /&gt;
===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
Application of Machine Translation in Tourism Industry&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===2. ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===4.  ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===6. ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===7. ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
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===References===&lt;br /&gt;
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=11 陈惠妮=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_11]]&lt;br /&gt;
=12 蔡珠凤=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_12]]&lt;br /&gt;
=13 陈湘琼Chen Xiangqiong（Study on Post-editing from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory ）=&lt;br /&gt;
[[Machine_Trans_EN_13]]&lt;br /&gt;
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===Abstract===&lt;br /&gt;
With the development of technology，machine translation methods are changing. From rule-based methods to corpus-based methods，and then to neural network translation，every time machine translation become more precise, which means it is not impossible the complete  replacement of human translation by machine translation. But machine translation still faces many problems until today such as : fail to translate special terms, incapable to set the right sentence order, unable to understand content and culture background etc. All of these need to be checked out and modified by human translator, so it can be predict that the model ''Human + Machine''  will last for a long period. This article will discuss mistakes made in machine translation and describe what translators should do in post-editing based on the skopos theory and functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
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===Key words===&lt;br /&gt;
machine translation，post-editing，skopos theory，functional equivalence theory&lt;br /&gt;
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===题目===&lt;br /&gt;
基于功能对等视角探讨译后编辑问题与对策&lt;br /&gt;
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===摘要===&lt;br /&gt;
随着科技的不断发展，机器翻译方法也在不断变革，从基于规则的机器翻译，到基于统计的机器翻译，再到今天基于人工神经网络的机器翻译，每一次变化都让机器翻译变得更精确，更高质。这意味着在不远的将来，机器翻译完全代替人工翻译成为一种可能。但是直至今天，机器翻译仍然面临许多的问题如：无法准确翻译术语、无法正确排列句子语序、无法分辨语境等，这些问题依然需要人工检查和修改。机器翻译自有其优点，人工翻译也有无可替代之处，所以在很长一段时间内，翻译都应该是机器+人工的运作方式。本文将基于翻译目的论和功能对等理论，对机器翻译可能出现的错误之处进行探讨，并且旨在描述译者在进行译后编辑时需要注重的方面，为广大译员提供参考。&lt;br /&gt;
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===关键词===&lt;br /&gt;
机器翻译，译后编辑，翻译目的论，功能对等&lt;br /&gt;
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===1. Introduction===&lt;br /&gt;
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===2. Machine Translation Versus Human Translation===&lt;br /&gt;
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===3. Skopos Theory and Translation Equivalent===&lt;br /&gt;
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===4. The Relationship between MT and HT ===&lt;br /&gt;
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===5. Post-editing On Words===&lt;br /&gt;
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===6. Post-editing On Sentences===&lt;br /&gt;
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===7. Post-editing On Style and Culture Background===&lt;br /&gt;
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===Conclusion===&lt;br /&gt;
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===References===&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Xie Jiafen</name></author>
	</entry>
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