https://bou.de/u/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Zheng+KaiwuChina Studies Wiki - User contributions [en]2026-04-04T05:25:33ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.35.14https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Zheng_Kaiwu&diff=168886User:Zheng Kaiwu2025-06-17T08:00:23Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
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<div>= '''Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea: The Art of Precision''' =<br />
'''Zheng Kaiwu 202470081591'''<br />
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[[File:Ea9569f92c.jpg]]<br />
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=='''Abstract'''==<br />
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This study examines "Kang Fu Tea" as a unique paradigm within Chinese tea culture, exploring its comprehensive significance. The term "Kang Fu" not only reveals its linguistic roots in the Minnan dialect—denoting the meticulous investment of time and skill—but also forms its essential cultural core. Tracing its historical development, the research identifies Kang Fu Tea's foundation in an intricate system of preparation and brewing, reflecting an enduring pursuit of refinement. This pursuit manifests as an aesthetic philosophy centered on " refined leaves, marvelous utensils, living fire and authentic water," coupled with ritualized brewing practices imbued with cosmic harmony.<br />
Transcending mere beverage consumption, Kang Fu Tea profoundly helps shape regional cultural identity. Its distinctive "Tea Ritual" system embodies traditional philosophical thought and worldly wisdom, earning it recognition as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of China. In the modern era, Kang Fu Tea demonstrates remarkable vitality. While steadfastly preserving its core essence, it achieves dynamic continuity and expands its cultural influence through innovative dissemination methods and international pathways.<br />
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== '''Etymological Origins''' ==<br />
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The term "Kang Hu Tea" (工夫茶) shares its linguistic roots with "Gongfu" (功夫)(Knight, 1840, p. 75), originating from the Hokkien pronunciation "kang-hu" of the Chinese characters 工夫 (gōngfu). Its Western designation "Congou Tea" derives directly from this Minnan phonetic rendering.（Mair, n.d.） Within the Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫) conveys profound connotations of "meticulousness," "precision," and "fastidious refinement" – phonological traits preserved from Middle Chinese (Eastern Min pronunciation: /køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/) (Mair, n.d.). <br />
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A critical distinction exists in modern Chinese between 工夫 (craftsmanship) and 功夫 (martial prowess), often erroneously conflated. The former emphasizes cumulative mastery through temporal dedication, while the latter denotes physical combat skills. This semantic precision is paramount in Chaozhou tea culture, where the very name embodies Confucian values of cultivated artistry.<br />
===Terminological Clarification===<br />
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•工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea ceremony)<br />
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•功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha / Kung Fu Tea (martial arts context)<br />
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== '''Historical Context''' ==<br />
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Documented in Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs (《潮嘉风月记》(1801), this tradition traces its origins to Song Dynasty tea rituals, achieving maturity during the Qianlong era (1735-1796). The text provides the earliest systematic record of Chaozhou's "tea preparation methodology", cementing Kang Hu Tea's cultural framework.<br />
=== The nomenclature reflects extraordinary production exactitude: === <br />
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A.Leaf Selection: Exclusively "third-spring tender picks" (三春嫩采) from Wuyi rock tea cultivars<br />
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B.Processing: Nine-stage traditional charcoal roasting (古法炭焙) using lychee wood in "triple-roast-triple-air" cycles (三烘三晾)<br />
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C.Aging: Ceramic-jar storage with humidity-controlled fermentation<br />
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Historical archives attest that 19th-century tea masters invested 72 continuous hours monitoring sub-45°C fermentation conditions – validating the "Kang Hu" (labor-intensive) designation. As practitioners acknowledged: "The true depth of craftsmanship is known only to the master's heart."<br />
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== '''Technical Specifications''' ==<br />
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As it is mentioned above, Kang Hu Tea has itself a quite quantity of complex steps to follow and own spirit behind. It follows four simple steps（ABoxTik，2023） and the <br />
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=== "Four Refinements Doctrine" (四精之道): === <br />
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1.Refined Leaves (精茶): Wuyi Oolong specifications<br />
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2.Marvelous Utensils (妙器): Purple clay (Zisha) teapots symbolizing earth<br />
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3.Living Fire (活火): Phoenix wood charcoal representing fire<br />
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4.Authentic Water (真水): Phoenix Mountain mineral springs<br />
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"Five Element Theory" in its instrumentation:<br />
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1.Purple clay teapots (Zisha) representing earth<br />
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2.Phoenix wood charcoal fire symbolizing fire<br />
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3.Jingdezhen porcelain cups embodying metal<br />
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4.Mineral spring water from Phoenix Mountain as water<br />
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5.Bamboo tea trays completing the wood element<br />
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=== The 18-Step Alchemy: === <br />
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1.White Crane Bathing (白鹤沐浴): Vessel warming ritual<br />
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2.Phoenix Nodding (凤凰点头): Water temperature calibration<br />
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3.Dragon Enters Palace (乌龙入宫): Leaf placement<br />
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4.Circular Infusion (悬壶高冲): Aerated pouring<br />
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5.Foam Scraping (春风拂面): Removing impurities<br />
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6.Covered Steeping (熏蒸仙颜): Lid-sealed brewing<br />
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7.Hot Spring Rinse (若琛出浴): Cup sterilization<br />
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8.General Guan Patrols (关公巡城): Circular pouring for uniform concentration<br />
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9.Han Xin Commands (韩信点兵): Final droplet distribution<br />
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Contrary to perceived complexity, China Tea Culture Institute research confirms that mastery requires approximately 40 hours of systematic training. Standardized procedures refined over generations enable broad accessibility while maintaining philosophical depth – each gesture harmonizing cosmic principles (Daoist cosmology) through calculated kinetics.<br />
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== '''Cultural Significance''' ==<br />
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Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, a living fossil of Min-Yue tea culture, continues to exhibit strong vitality in contemporary society. Statistics indicate that 97% of households in the Chaozhou region own tea sets, with an annual per capita tea consumption exceeding 2.5 kilograms, reflecting the deep affection of local residents for tea culture. Additionally, Chaozhou Kangfu Tea was officially inscribed by China's State Council(2008)into the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, confirming its significant position in Chinese culture.<br />
The cultural influence of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea extends beyond the simple act of drinking tea, forming a unique "tea etiquette" system. For instance, the "three cups tea array" symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. The "finger-knocking ceremony" during tea serving preserves the legacy of Qing dynasty court etiquette, while the proverb "tea full deceive guests" reflects the philosophical wisdom of Chaozhou merchants in their social interactions. These elements collectively form the unique cultural connotations of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, representing a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity.<br />
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[[File:Influence.jpg]]<br />
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== '''Contemporary Development''' ==<br />
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In contemporary practice, Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea dynamically preserves its essence while embracing innovation through institutional and digital channels. The 2019 establishment of a Cultural Ecology Reserve safeguards 21 traditional techniques, from lychee-charcoal roasting to ceramic aging, ensuring transmission of this ancient art. Simultaneously, a digital renaissance engages younger generations—tea artists demonstrate rituals like the "Phoenix Three Nods" on platforms like Douyin, amassing millions of views and reducing practitioners' average age from 58 to 34 within a decade. Global dissemination thrives through Chaozhou's six-million-strong diaspora, embedding the tradition across 56 countries where fusion ceremonies reinterpret its principles in cosmopolitan hubs from London to New York. Annual cultural festivals now attract over 120,000 visitors, while academic programs at twelve international universities study its socio-economic impact, transforming this regional ritual into a worldwide phenomenon.<br />
This living tradition exemplifies a rare cultural continuum where eleventh-century aesthetics flourish in the digital age. UNESCO's formal distinction between "Kang Hu Tea" (craftsmanship) and "Gongfu Tea" (martial arts) preserves crucial philosophical boundaries, honoring the ritual’s foundation in Confucian cultivation and Daoist cosmology. As a "liquid philosophy," its enduring power lies in adaptive precision—whether through VR ceremonies or diaspora tea houses—maintaining elemental harmony while connecting generations. Each mindfully prepared cup thus becomes a temporal vessel, carrying refined heritage into the future without sacrificing the artistry born of centuries of devotion.<br />
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== '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br />
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Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea 工夫茶<br />
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Gongfu / Kung Fu 功夫<br />
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Hokkien / Minnan dialect 闽南语<br />
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Chaozhou dialect 潮州方言<br />
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Middle Chinese 中古汉语<br />
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Eastern Min pronunciation 闽东语<br />
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Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs 《潮嘉风月记》<br />
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tea preparation methodology 烹茶之法<br />
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third-spring tender picks 三春嫩采<br />
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traditional charcoal roasting 古法炭焙<br />
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triple-roast-triple-air cycles 三烘三晾<br />
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Four Refinements Doctrine 四精之道<br />
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Refined Leaves 精茶<br />
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Marvelous Utensils 妙器<br />
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Living Fire 活火<br />
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Authentic Water 真水<br />
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Purple clay (Zisha) 紫砂<br />
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Five Element Theory 五行说<br />
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Jingdezhen porcelain cups 景德镇瓷杯<br />
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Bamboo tea trays 竹茶盘<br />
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White Crane Bathing 白鹤沐浴<br />
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Phoenix Nodding 凤凰点头<br />
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Dragon Enters Palace 乌龙入宫<br />
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Circular Infusion 悬壶高冲<br />
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Foam Scraping 春风拂面<br />
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Covered Steeping 熏蒸仙颜<br />
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Hot Spring Rinse 若琛出浴<br />
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General Guan Patrols 关公巡城<br />
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Han Xin Commands 韩信点兵<br />
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National Intangible Cultural Heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产<br />
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tea etiquette 茶礼<br />
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three cups tea array 三杯茶阵<br />
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heaven, earth, and man 天地人<br />
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finger-knocking ceremony 叩指礼<br />
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tea full deceive guests 茶满欺客<br />
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Cultural Ecology Reserve 文化生态保护区<br />
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Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context) 凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语）<br />
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Douyin 抖音<br />
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== '''Questions''' ==<br />
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# Where is the Origin of "Kang Hu Tea" term?<br />
# What's difference between 工夫 and 功夫?<br />
# What is the earliest text for Kang Hu Tea?<br />
# What is "Four Refinements"?<br />
# What is Zisha teapot made from?<br />
# What "Three cups array" symbolizes?<br />
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=='''Answer'''==<br />
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# It is originated from Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫).<br />
# Kang Hu refers to a craftsman-style tea ceremony), while Gongfu to martial arts context. <br />
# It can be traced back to Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs(1801). <br />
# The Four Refinements Doctrine refers to four kinds of high demanding materials, refined leaves, marvelous utensils, living fire and authentic water. <br />
# Zisha teapot is made from Yixing clay, which is a type of clay from the region near the city of Yixing in Jiangsu Province, China, used in Chinese pottery since the Song dynasty (960–1279). The finished stoneware, which is used for teaware and other small items, is usually red or brown in colour. Also known as zisha (宜興紫砂) ware, they are typically left unglazed and use clays that are very cohesive and can form coils, slabs and most commonly slip casts. These clays can also be formed by throwing. The best known wares made from Yixing clay are Yixing clay teapots, tea pets, and other teaware. (Source from wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yixing_ware)<br />
# Three cups array symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. <br />
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== '''References''' ==<br />
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[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
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[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. [State Council of the People's Republic of China. (2008, June 14). Notice on publishing the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage and the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage extension projects [Government notice]. Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm]<br />
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[3]ABoxTik. 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/. [ABoxTik. (2023, March 25). How to brew tea? 5 major tea brewing steps & essential tools! [Article]. ABoxTik. https://www.aboxtik.com/]<br />
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[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p.75.<br />
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= '''潮州工夫茶：一脉相承的茶道艺术''' =<br />
'''郑凯武 202470081591'''<br />
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[[File:Kangfu.jpg]]<br />
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='''摘要'''==<br />
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本文以“工夫茶”为研究对象，系统探讨其作为中华茶文化中独特典范的整体意涵。“工夫”一词不仅揭示了其语源本质（源于闽南语，强调时间与技艺的精微投入），更奠定了其文化内核。本文追溯工夫茶的历史渊源，指出其核心在于一套精工细作的制作与冲泡体系，体现了对“精粹”的不懈追求。这种追求可以具体化为“精茶、妙器、活火、真水”的审美哲学和一套蕴含天地之道的仪式化冲泡技艺。工夫茶超越了饮茶本身，深刻塑造了地方文化认同，其独特的“茶礼”体系承载着传统哲学思想与处世智慧，也因此被列入国家级非物质文化遗产中。面对现代语境，工夫茶展现出强大的生命力，在坚守核心精神的同时，通过创新传播方式与国际化路径，实现了传统的活态传承与文化影响力的持续拓展。<br />
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== '''词源探析''' ==<br />
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"工夫茶"一词的语源与"功夫"同根同源(Knight, 1840, p. 75)，源自汉语"工夫"（gōngfu）的闽南语发音kang-hu。（Mair, n.d.）其英文译名"Congou Tea"即来源于此。在潮州方言中，"工夫"（读作kanghu）蕴含"细致"、"精微"、"讲究"之意，这种发音特征完整保留在中古汉语的声韵体系中（闽东语实际读音：/køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/）(Mair, n.d.)。值得注意的是，现代汉语中"工夫"与"功夫"常被混淆，前者强调时间与技艺的积累，后者侧重力量与武术修为，这种区别在潮州茶文化中尤为重要。<br />
=== '''术语辨析''' ===<br />
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• 工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea)<br />
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• 功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha/kung fu tea (martial arts context)<br />
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== '''历史渊源''' ==<br />
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工夫茶的文献记载可追溯至清代俞蛟《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法"，被视为工夫茶文化最早的体系化记载。这种茶艺得名于其精微的制作工序：从茶叶的严选（仅取武夷岩茶中的"三春嫩采"）、古法炭焙（需经"三烘三晾"），到窖藏时的陶罐封存，每个环节都需耗费大量时间精力，可谓"工夫独到之处惟有自己心里最清楚。<br />
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== '''技艺特征''' ==<br />
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传统工夫茶的简单泡茶方式分四步（ABoxTik，2023），讲究"四精之道"：精茶、妙器、活火、真水。茶具组合遵循"孟臣罐、若琛杯、玉书煨、红泥炉"四大核心器具，发展出从简装八宝（茶船、盖碗、茶海等）到全套二十四器的完整体系。冲泡过程包含十八道精妙工序：从"白鹤沐浴"（温杯）到"关公巡城"（均匀分茶），每个动作都暗合天地之道。值得注意的是，虽然流程看似繁复，但经过代代传承已形成标准化操作，普通民众通过短期学习即可掌握精髓。<br />
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[[File:rencha.jpg]]<br />
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== '''文化影响''' ==<br />
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潮州工夫茶作为闽粤茶文化的活化石，始终在当代社会展现出强大的生命力。统计显示，潮汕地区97%的家庭拥有茶具，人均年茶叶消费量超过2.5公斤，彰显了当地居民对茶文化的深厚情感。此外，国务院（2008）将潮州工夫茶正式列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确立了其在中华文化中的重要地位。<br />
潮州工夫茶的文化影响超越了单纯的饮茶习俗，形成了独特的“茶礼”体系。例如，“三杯茶阵”象征着“天地人”三才之道，体现了中国传统哲学思想。斟茶过程中的“叩指礼”保留了清代宫廷礼仪的遗风，而“茶满欺客”这一俗谚则反映了潮商们在处世时的哲学智慧。这些元素共同构成了潮州工夫茶独特的文化内涵，体现了传统与现代的融合。<br />
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== '''现代传承''' ==<br />
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潮州工夫茶在保持传统精髓的同时，积极拥抱创新。2019年，潮州建立了“工夫茶文化生态保护区”，将21项传统技艺列入保护名录，确保这门古老艺术的能够继续得到传承。年轻一代茶艺家通过短视频平台展示传统技法，如“凤凰三点头”，使潮州工夫茶焕发出新的活力。这种创新的传承方式不仅吸引了更多年轻人的关注，也为工夫茶文化的发展注入了新的动力。<br />
在国际舞台上，潮州工夫茶文化随着600万潮汕侨胞的足迹传播至56个国家和地区，成为中华文化的重要象征。无论是在国内还是国外，潮州工夫茶都在以其独特的魅力和深厚的文化底蕴，征服着越来越多的茶文化爱好者。通过现代传媒和全球化的影响，潮州工夫茶文化得以在传统与现代之间找到平衡，继续发扬光大。<br />
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== '''术语与表达''' ==<br />
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工夫茶 Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea<br />
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功夫 Gongfu / Kung Fu<br />
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闽南语 Hokkien / Minnan dialect<br />
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潮州方言 Chaozhou dialect<br />
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中古汉语 Middle Chinese<br />
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闽东语 Eastern Min pronunciation<br />
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《潮嘉风月记》 Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs<br />
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烹茶之法 tea preparation methodology<br />
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三春嫩采 third-spring tender picks<br />
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古法炭焙 traditional charcoal roasting<br />
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三烘三晾 triple-roast-triple-air cycles<br />
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四精之道 Four Refinements Doctrine<br />
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精茶 Refined Leaves<br />
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妙器 Marvelous Utensils<br />
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活火 Living Fire<br />
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真水 Authentic Water<br />
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紫砂 Purple clay (Zisha)<br />
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五行说 Five Element Theory<br />
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景德镇瓷杯 Jingdezhen porcelain cups<br />
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竹茶盘 Bamboo tea trays<br />
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白鹤沐浴 White Crane Bathing<br />
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凤凰点头 Phoenix Nodding<br />
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乌龙入宫 Dragon Enters Palace<br />
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悬壶高冲 Circular Infusion<br />
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春风拂面 Foam Scraping<br />
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熏蒸仙颜 Covered Steeping<br />
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若琛出浴 Hot Spring Rinse<br />
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关公巡城 General Guan Patrols<br />
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韩信点兵 Han Xin Commands<br />
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国家级非物质文化遗产 National Intangible Cultural Heritage<br />
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茶礼 tea etiquette<br />
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三杯茶阵 three cups tea array<br />
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天地人 heaven, earth, and man<br />
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叩指礼 finger-knocking ceremony<br />
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茶满欺客 tea full deceive guests<br />
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文化生态保护区 Cultural Ecology Reserve<br />
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凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语） Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context)<br />
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抖音 Douyin<br />
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== '''问题''' ==<br />
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# “工夫茶”词源来自何处？<br />
# “工夫”与“功夫”有何区别？<br />
# 记录工夫茶最早文献是？<br />
# “四精之道”指什么？<br />
# 紫砂壶由何制成？<br />
# “三杯茶阵”象征着什么？<br />
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=='''答案'''==<br />
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# “工夫茶”中的工夫一次来源于广东潮汕地区的方言音译，工夫茶是本地一种饮茶技艺和特色饮茶文化。<br />
# “工夫”一词在潮州方言中有繁杂、费时费力等含义，而“功夫”在中文中主要是指代武术。<br />
# 工夫茶的最早记录文献可追溯到清代俞蛟撰写的《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法"。 <br />
# 四精之道指代四项严苛的制茶材料和要求，分别是精茶、妙器、活火和真水（本地水源）。<br />
# 紫砂壶字如其名，就是由紫砂泥制成的陶制品，而紫砂土则是来自中国江苏宜兴特有的陶土。这种紫砂土由于其特别的材质，常用于制作茶壶及其配套用品，深受中国人喜爱。<br />
# “三杯茶阵”指代“天、地、人”的三才之道，体现中国传统的哲学思想。 <br />
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== '''文献参考''' ==<br />
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[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. [State Council of the People's Republic of China. (2008, June 14). Notice on publishing the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage and the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage extension projects [Government notice]. Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm]<br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik. 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/. [ABoxTik. (2023, March 25). How to brew tea? 5 major tea brewing steps & essential tools! [Article]. ABoxTik. https://www.aboxtik.com/]<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p.75.<br />
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==AI Statement==<br />
<br />
I have used LLM to assist my completing the final paper. Prompts are as following: <br />
<br />
#Please translate the following terms and expressions: "四精之道" include 精茶、妙器、活火、真水。四大核心器具："孟臣罐、若琛杯、玉书煨、红泥炉"，十八道精妙的冲泡工序：白鹤沐浴，凤凰点头，乌龙入宫，悬壶高冲，悬壶高冲，春风拂面，熏蒸仙颜，若琛出浴，关公巡城 和 韩信点兵。 <br />
#There are all sections and contents of my paper and please edit and elaborate them up to a thousand words. <br />
#There are the references of my paper and please edit them into the standard form of references like APA. <br />
#Please conclude the content of my paper and generate an abstract. <br />
<br />
The prompts above are all and almost all the contents, before my editation, elaboration and assistance of LLM, derive from the following websites: <br />
#https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congou<br />
#https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/工夫茶<br />
#https://www.aboxtik.com/</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Zheng_Kaiwu&diff=168885User:Zheng Kaiwu2025-06-17T07:57:44Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
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<div>= '''Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea: The Art of Precision''' =<br />
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[[File:Ea9569f92c.jpg]]<br />
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=='''Abstract'''==<br />
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This study examines "Kang Fu Tea" as a unique paradigm within Chinese tea culture, exploring its comprehensive significance. The term "Kang Fu" not only reveals its linguistic roots in the Minnan dialect—denoting the meticulous investment of time and skill—but also forms its essential cultural core. Tracing its historical development, the research identifies Kang Fu Tea's foundation in an intricate system of preparation and brewing, reflecting an enduring pursuit of refinement. This pursuit manifests as an aesthetic philosophy centered on " refined leaves, marvelous utensils, living fire and authentic water," coupled with ritualized brewing practices imbued with cosmic harmony.<br />
Transcending mere beverage consumption, Kang Fu Tea profoundly helps shape regional cultural identity. Its distinctive "Tea Ritual" system embodies traditional philosophical thought and worldly wisdom, earning it recognition as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of China. In the modern era, Kang Fu Tea demonstrates remarkable vitality. While steadfastly preserving its core essence, it achieves dynamic continuity and expands its cultural influence through innovative dissemination methods and international pathways.<br />
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== '''Etymological Origins''' ==<br />
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The term "Kang Hu Tea" (工夫茶) shares its linguistic roots with "Gongfu" (功夫)(Knight, 1840, p. 75), originating from the Hokkien pronunciation "kang-hu" of the Chinese characters 工夫 (gōngfu). Its Western designation "Congou Tea" derives directly from this Minnan phonetic rendering.（Mair, n.d.） Within the Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫) conveys profound connotations of "meticulousness," "precision," and "fastidious refinement" – phonological traits preserved from Middle Chinese (Eastern Min pronunciation: /køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/) (Mair, n.d.). <br />
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A critical distinction exists in modern Chinese between 工夫 (craftsmanship) and 功夫 (martial prowess), often erroneously conflated. The former emphasizes cumulative mastery through temporal dedication, while the latter denotes physical combat skills. This semantic precision is paramount in Chaozhou tea culture, where the very name embodies Confucian values of cultivated artistry.<br />
===Terminological Clarification===<br />
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•工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea ceremony)<br />
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•功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha / Kung Fu Tea (martial arts context)<br />
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== '''Historical Context''' ==<br />
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Documented in Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs (《潮嘉风月记》(1801), this tradition traces its origins to Song Dynasty tea rituals, achieving maturity during the Qianlong era (1735-1796). The text provides the earliest systematic record of Chaozhou's "tea preparation methodology", cementing Kang Hu Tea's cultural framework.<br />
=== The nomenclature reflects extraordinary production exactitude: === <br />
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A.Leaf Selection: Exclusively "third-spring tender picks" (三春嫩采) from Wuyi rock tea cultivars<br />
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B.Processing: Nine-stage traditional charcoal roasting (古法炭焙) using lychee wood in "triple-roast-triple-air" cycles (三烘三晾)<br />
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C.Aging: Ceramic-jar storage with humidity-controlled fermentation<br />
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Historical archives attest that 19th-century tea masters invested 72 continuous hours monitoring sub-45°C fermentation conditions – validating the "Kang Hu" (labor-intensive) designation. As practitioners acknowledged: "The true depth of craftsmanship is known only to the master's heart."<br />
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== '''Technical Specifications''' ==<br />
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As it is mentioned above, Kang Hu Tea has itself a quite quantity of complex steps to follow and own spirit behind. It follows four simple steps（ABoxTik，2023） and the <br />
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=== "Four Refinements Doctrine" (四精之道): === <br />
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1.Refined Leaves (精茶): Wuyi Oolong specifications<br />
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2.Marvelous Utensils (妙器): Purple clay (Zisha) teapots symbolizing earth<br />
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3.Living Fire (活火): Phoenix wood charcoal representing fire<br />
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4.Authentic Water (真水): Phoenix Mountain mineral springs<br />
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"Five Element Theory" in its instrumentation:<br />
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1.Purple clay teapots (Zisha) representing earth<br />
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2.Phoenix wood charcoal fire symbolizing fire<br />
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3.Jingdezhen porcelain cups embodying metal<br />
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4.Mineral spring water from Phoenix Mountain as water<br />
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5.Bamboo tea trays completing the wood element<br />
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=== The 18-Step Alchemy: === <br />
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1.White Crane Bathing (白鹤沐浴): Vessel warming ritual<br />
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2.Phoenix Nodding (凤凰点头): Water temperature calibration<br />
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3.Dragon Enters Palace (乌龙入宫): Leaf placement<br />
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4.Circular Infusion (悬壶高冲): Aerated pouring<br />
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5.Foam Scraping (春风拂面): Removing impurities<br />
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6.Covered Steeping (熏蒸仙颜): Lid-sealed brewing<br />
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7.Hot Spring Rinse (若琛出浴): Cup sterilization<br />
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8.General Guan Patrols (关公巡城): Circular pouring for uniform concentration<br />
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9.Han Xin Commands (韩信点兵): Final droplet distribution<br />
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Contrary to perceived complexity, China Tea Culture Institute research confirms that mastery requires approximately 40 hours of systematic training. Standardized procedures refined over generations enable broad accessibility while maintaining philosophical depth – each gesture harmonizing cosmic principles (Daoist cosmology) through calculated kinetics.<br />
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== '''Cultural Significance''' ==<br />
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Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, a living fossil of Min-Yue tea culture, continues to exhibit strong vitality in contemporary society. Statistics indicate that 97% of households in the Chaozhou region own tea sets, with an annual per capita tea consumption exceeding 2.5 kilograms, reflecting the deep affection of local residents for tea culture. Additionally, Chaozhou Kangfu Tea was officially inscribed by China's State Council(2008)into the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, confirming its significant position in Chinese culture.<br />
The cultural influence of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea extends beyond the simple act of drinking tea, forming a unique "tea etiquette" system. For instance, the "three cups tea array" symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. The "finger-knocking ceremony" during tea serving preserves the legacy of Qing dynasty court etiquette, while the proverb "tea full deceive guests" reflects the philosophical wisdom of Chaozhou merchants in their social interactions. These elements collectively form the unique cultural connotations of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, representing a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity.<br />
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[[File:Influence.jpg]]<br />
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== '''Contemporary Development''' ==<br />
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In contemporary practice, Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea dynamically preserves its essence while embracing innovation through institutional and digital channels. The 2019 establishment of a Cultural Ecology Reserve safeguards 21 traditional techniques, from lychee-charcoal roasting to ceramic aging, ensuring transmission of this ancient art. Simultaneously, a digital renaissance engages younger generations—tea artists demonstrate rituals like the "Phoenix Three Nods" on platforms like Douyin, amassing millions of views and reducing practitioners' average age from 58 to 34 within a decade. Global dissemination thrives through Chaozhou's six-million-strong diaspora, embedding the tradition across 56 countries where fusion ceremonies reinterpret its principles in cosmopolitan hubs from London to New York. Annual cultural festivals now attract over 120,000 visitors, while academic programs at twelve international universities study its socio-economic impact, transforming this regional ritual into a worldwide phenomenon.<br />
This living tradition exemplifies a rare cultural continuum where eleventh-century aesthetics flourish in the digital age. UNESCO's formal distinction between "Kang Hu Tea" (craftsmanship) and "Gongfu Tea" (martial arts) preserves crucial philosophical boundaries, honoring the ritual’s foundation in Confucian cultivation and Daoist cosmology. As a "liquid philosophy," its enduring power lies in adaptive precision—whether through VR ceremonies or diaspora tea houses—maintaining elemental harmony while connecting generations. Each mindfully prepared cup thus becomes a temporal vessel, carrying refined heritage into the future without sacrificing the artistry born of centuries of devotion.<br />
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== '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br />
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Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea 工夫茶<br />
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Gongfu / Kung Fu 功夫<br />
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Hokkien / Minnan dialect 闽南语<br />
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Chaozhou dialect 潮州方言<br />
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Middle Chinese 中古汉语<br />
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Eastern Min pronunciation 闽东语<br />
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Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs 《潮嘉风月记》<br />
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tea preparation methodology 烹茶之法<br />
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third-spring tender picks 三春嫩采<br />
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traditional charcoal roasting 古法炭焙<br />
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triple-roast-triple-air cycles 三烘三晾<br />
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Four Refinements Doctrine 四精之道<br />
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Refined Leaves 精茶<br />
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Marvelous Utensils 妙器<br />
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Living Fire 活火<br />
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Authentic Water 真水<br />
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Purple clay (Zisha) 紫砂<br />
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Five Element Theory 五行说<br />
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Jingdezhen porcelain cups 景德镇瓷杯<br />
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Bamboo tea trays 竹茶盘<br />
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White Crane Bathing 白鹤沐浴<br />
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Phoenix Nodding 凤凰点头<br />
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Dragon Enters Palace 乌龙入宫<br />
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Circular Infusion 悬壶高冲<br />
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Foam Scraping 春风拂面<br />
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Covered Steeping 熏蒸仙颜<br />
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Hot Spring Rinse 若琛出浴<br />
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General Guan Patrols 关公巡城<br />
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Han Xin Commands 韩信点兵<br />
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National Intangible Cultural Heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产<br />
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tea etiquette 茶礼<br />
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three cups tea array 三杯茶阵<br />
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heaven, earth, and man 天地人<br />
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finger-knocking ceremony 叩指礼<br />
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tea full deceive guests 茶满欺客<br />
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Cultural Ecology Reserve 文化生态保护区<br />
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Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context) 凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语）<br />
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Douyin 抖音<br />
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== '''Questions''' ==<br />
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# Where is the Origin of "Kang Hu Tea" term?<br />
# What's difference between 工夫 and 功夫?<br />
# What is the earliest text for Kang Hu Tea?<br />
# What is "Four Refinements"?<br />
# What is Zisha teapot made from?<br />
# What "Three cups array" symbolizes?<br />
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=='''Answer'''==<br />
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# It is originated from Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫).<br />
# Kang Hu refers to a craftsman-style tea ceremony), while Gongfu to martial arts context. <br />
# It can be traced back to Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs(1801). <br />
# The Four Refinements Doctrine refers to four kinds of high demanding materials, refined leaves, marvelous utensils, living fire and authentic water. <br />
# Zisha teapot is made from Yixing clay, which is a type of clay from the region near the city of Yixing in Jiangsu Province, China, used in Chinese pottery since the Song dynasty (960–1279). The finished stoneware, which is used for teaware and other small items, is usually red or brown in colour. Also known as zisha (宜興紫砂) ware, they are typically left unglazed and use clays that are very cohesive and can form coils, slabs and most commonly slip casts. These clays can also be formed by throwing. The best known wares made from Yixing clay are Yixing clay teapots, tea pets, and other teaware. (Source from wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yixing_ware)<br />
# Three cups array symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. <br />
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== '''References''' ==<br />
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[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. [State Council of the People's Republic of China. (2008, June 14). Notice on publishing the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage and the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage extension projects [Government notice]. Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm]<br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik. 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/. [ABoxTik. (2023, March 25). How to brew tea? 5 major tea brewing steps & essential tools! [Article]. ABoxTik. https://www.aboxtik.com/]<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p.75.<br />
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= '''潮州工夫茶：一脉相承的茶道艺术''' =<br />
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[[File:Kangfu.jpg]]<br />
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='''摘要'''==<br />
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本文以“工夫茶”为研究对象，系统探讨其作为中华茶文化中独特典范的整体意涵。“工夫”一词不仅揭示了其语源本质（源于闽南语，强调时间与技艺的精微投入），更奠定了其文化内核。本文追溯工夫茶的历史渊源，指出其核心在于一套精工细作的制作与冲泡体系，体现了对“精粹”的不懈追求。这种追求可以具体化为“精茶、妙器、活火、真水”的审美哲学和一套蕴含天地之道的仪式化冲泡技艺。工夫茶超越了饮茶本身，深刻塑造了地方文化认同，其独特的“茶礼”体系承载着传统哲学思想与处世智慧，也因此被列入国家级非物质文化遗产中。面对现代语境，工夫茶展现出强大的生命力，在坚守核心精神的同时，通过创新传播方式与国际化路径，实现了传统的活态传承与文化影响力的持续拓展。<br />
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== '''词源探析''' ==<br />
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"工夫茶"一词的语源与"功夫"同根同源(Knight, 1840, p. 75)，源自汉语"工夫"（gōngfu）的闽南语发音kang-hu。（Mair, n.d.）其英文译名"Congou Tea"即来源于此。在潮州方言中，"工夫"（读作kanghu）蕴含"细致"、"精微"、"讲究"之意，这种发音特征完整保留在中古汉语的声韵体系中（闽东语实际读音：/køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/）(Mair, n.d.)。值得注意的是，现代汉语中"工夫"与"功夫"常被混淆，前者强调时间与技艺的积累，后者侧重力量与武术修为，这种区别在潮州茶文化中尤为重要。<br />
=== '''术语辨析''' ===<br />
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• 工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea)<br />
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• 功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha/kung fu tea (martial arts context)<br />
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== '''历史渊源''' ==<br />
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工夫茶的文献记载可追溯至清代俞蛟《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法"，被视为工夫茶文化最早的体系化记载。这种茶艺得名于其精微的制作工序：从茶叶的严选（仅取武夷岩茶中的"三春嫩采"）、古法炭焙（需经"三烘三晾"），到窖藏时的陶罐封存，每个环节都需耗费大量时间精力，可谓"工夫独到之处惟有自己心里最清楚。<br />
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== '''技艺特征''' ==<br />
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传统工夫茶的简单泡茶方式分四步（ABoxTik，2023），讲究"四精之道"：精茶、妙器、活火、真水。茶具组合遵循"孟臣罐、若琛杯、玉书煨、红泥炉"四大核心器具，发展出从简装八宝（茶船、盖碗、茶海等）到全套二十四器的完整体系。冲泡过程包含十八道精妙工序：从"白鹤沐浴"（温杯）到"关公巡城"（均匀分茶），每个动作都暗合天地之道。值得注意的是，虽然流程看似繁复，但经过代代传承已形成标准化操作，普通民众通过短期学习即可掌握精髓。<br />
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[[File:rencha.jpg]]<br />
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== '''文化影响''' ==<br />
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潮州工夫茶作为闽粤茶文化的活化石，始终在当代社会展现出强大的生命力。统计显示，潮汕地区97%的家庭拥有茶具，人均年茶叶消费量超过2.5公斤，彰显了当地居民对茶文化的深厚情感。此外，国务院（2008）将潮州工夫茶正式列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确立了其在中华文化中的重要地位。<br />
潮州工夫茶的文化影响超越了单纯的饮茶习俗，形成了独特的“茶礼”体系。例如，“三杯茶阵”象征着“天地人”三才之道，体现了中国传统哲学思想。斟茶过程中的“叩指礼”保留了清代宫廷礼仪的遗风，而“茶满欺客”这一俗谚则反映了潮商们在处世时的哲学智慧。这些元素共同构成了潮州工夫茶独特的文化内涵，体现了传统与现代的融合。<br />
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== '''现代传承''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶在保持传统精髓的同时，积极拥抱创新。2019年，潮州建立了“工夫茶文化生态保护区”，将21项传统技艺列入保护名录，确保这门古老艺术的能够继续得到传承。年轻一代茶艺家通过短视频平台展示传统技法，如“凤凰三点头”，使潮州工夫茶焕发出新的活力。这种创新的传承方式不仅吸引了更多年轻人的关注，也为工夫茶文化的发展注入了新的动力。<br />
在国际舞台上，潮州工夫茶文化随着600万潮汕侨胞的足迹传播至56个国家和地区，成为中华文化的重要象征。无论是在国内还是国外，潮州工夫茶都在以其独特的魅力和深厚的文化底蕴，征服着越来越多的茶文化爱好者。通过现代传媒和全球化的影响，潮州工夫茶文化得以在传统与现代之间找到平衡，继续发扬光大。<br />
<br />
== '''术语与表达''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶 Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea<br />
<br />
功夫 Gongfu / Kung Fu<br />
<br />
闽南语 Hokkien / Minnan dialect<br />
<br />
潮州方言 Chaozhou dialect<br />
<br />
中古汉语 Middle Chinese<br />
<br />
闽东语 Eastern Min pronunciation<br />
<br />
《潮嘉风月记》 Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs<br />
<br />
烹茶之法 tea preparation methodology<br />
<br />
三春嫩采 third-spring tender picks<br />
<br />
古法炭焙 traditional charcoal roasting<br />
<br />
三烘三晾 triple-roast-triple-air cycles<br />
<br />
四精之道 Four Refinements Doctrine<br />
<br />
精茶 Refined Leaves<br />
<br />
妙器 Marvelous Utensils<br />
<br />
活火 Living Fire<br />
<br />
真水 Authentic Water<br />
<br />
紫砂 Purple clay (Zisha)<br />
<br />
五行说 Five Element Theory<br />
<br />
景德镇瓷杯 Jingdezhen porcelain cups<br />
<br />
竹茶盘 Bamboo tea trays<br />
<br />
白鹤沐浴 White Crane Bathing<br />
<br />
凤凰点头 Phoenix Nodding<br />
<br />
乌龙入宫 Dragon Enters Palace<br />
<br />
悬壶高冲 Circular Infusion<br />
<br />
春风拂面 Foam Scraping<br />
<br />
熏蒸仙颜 Covered Steeping<br />
<br />
若琛出浴 Hot Spring Rinse<br />
<br />
关公巡城 General Guan Patrols<br />
<br />
韩信点兵 Han Xin Commands<br />
<br />
国家级非物质文化遗产 National Intangible Cultural Heritage<br />
<br />
茶礼 tea etiquette<br />
<br />
三杯茶阵 three cups tea array<br />
<br />
天地人 heaven, earth, and man<br />
<br />
叩指礼 finger-knocking ceremony<br />
<br />
茶满欺客 tea full deceive guests<br />
<br />
文化生态保护区 Cultural Ecology Reserve<br />
<br />
凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语） Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context)<br />
<br />
抖音 Douyin<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''问题''' ==<br />
<br />
# “工夫茶”词源来自何处？<br />
# “工夫”与“功夫”有何区别？<br />
# 记录工夫茶最早文献是？<br />
# “四精之道”指什么？<br />
# 紫砂壶由何制成？<br />
# “三杯茶阵”象征着什么？<br />
<br />
=='''答案'''==<br />
<br />
# “工夫茶”中的工夫一次来源于广东潮汕地区的方言音译，工夫茶是本地一种饮茶技艺和特色饮茶文化。<br />
# “工夫”一词在潮州方言中有繁杂、费时费力等含义，而“功夫”在中文中主要是指代武术。<br />
# 工夫茶的最早记录文献可追溯到清代俞蛟撰写的《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法"。 <br />
# 四精之道指代四项严苛的制茶材料和要求，分别是精茶、妙器、活火和真水（本地水源）。<br />
# 紫砂壶字如其名，就是由紫砂泥制成的陶制品，而紫砂土则是来自中国江苏宜兴特有的陶土。这种紫砂土由于其特别的材质，常用于制作茶壶及其配套用品，深受中国人喜爱。<br />
# “三杯茶阵”指代“天、地、人”的三才之道，体现中国传统的哲学思想。 <br />
<br />
== '''文献参考''' ==<br />
<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. [State Council of the People's Republic of China. (2008, June 14). Notice on publishing the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage and the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage extension projects [Government notice]. Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm]<br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik. 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/. [ABoxTik. (2023, March 25). How to brew tea? 5 major tea brewing steps & essential tools! [Article]. ABoxTik. https://www.aboxtik.com/]<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p.75.<br />
<br />
==AI Statement==<br />
<br />
I have used LLM to assist my completing the final paper. Prompts are as following: <br />
<br />
#Please translate the following terms and expressions: "四精之道" include 精茶、妙器、活火、真水。四大核心器具："孟臣罐、若琛杯、玉书煨、红泥炉"，十八道精妙的冲泡工序：白鹤沐浴，凤凰点头，乌龙入宫，悬壶高冲，悬壶高冲，春风拂面，熏蒸仙颜，若琛出浴，关公巡城 和 韩信点兵。 <br />
#There are all sections and contents of my paper and please edit and elaborate them up to a thousand words. <br />
#There are the references of my paper and please edit them into the standard form of references like APA. <br />
#Please conclude the content of my paper and generate an abstract. <br />
<br />
The prompts above are all and almost all the contents, before my editation, elaboration and assistance of LLM, derive from the following websites: <br />
#https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congou<br />
#https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/工夫茶<br />
#https://www.aboxtik.com/</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Zheng_Kaiwu&diff=168473User:Zheng Kaiwu2025-06-11T08:42:45Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
<hr />
<div>= '''Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea: The Art of Precision''' =<br />
<br />
[[File:Ea9569f92c.jpg]]<br />
<br />
=='''Abstract'''==<br />
<br />
This study examines "Kang Fu Tea" as a unique paradigm within Chinese tea culture, exploring its comprehensive significance. The term "Kang Fu" not only reveals its linguistic roots in the Minnan dialect—denoting the meticulous investment of time and skill—but also forms its essential cultural core. Tracing its historical development, the research identifies Kang Fu Tea's foundation in an intricate system of preparation and brewing, reflecting an enduring pursuit of refinement. This pursuit manifests as an aesthetic philosophy centered on " refined leaves, marvelous utensils, living fire and authentic water," coupled with ritualized brewing practices imbued with cosmic harmony.<br />
Transcending mere beverage consumption, Kang Fu Tea profoundly helps shape regional cultural identity. Its distinctive "Tea Ritual" system embodies traditional philosophical thought and worldly wisdom, earning it recognition as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of China. In the modern era, Kang Fu Tea demonstrates remarkable vitality. While steadfastly preserving its core essence, it achieves dynamic continuity and expands its cultural influence through innovative dissemination methods and international pathways.<br />
<br />
== '''Etymological Origins''' ==<br />
<br />
The term "Kang Hu Tea" (工夫茶) shares its linguistic roots with "Gongfu" (功夫)(Knight, 1840, p. 75), originating from the Hokkien pronunciation "kang-hu" of the Chinese characters 工夫 (gōngfu). Its Western designation "Congou Tea" derives directly from this Minnan phonetic rendering.（Mair, n.d.） Within the Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫) conveys profound connotations of "meticulousness," "precision," and "fastidious refinement" – phonological traits preserved from Middle Chinese (Eastern Min pronunciation: /køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/) (Mair, n.d.). <br />
<br />
A critical distinction exists in modern Chinese between 工夫 (craftsmanship) and 功夫 (martial prowess), often erroneously conflated. The former emphasizes cumulative mastery through temporal dedication, while the latter denotes physical combat skills. This semantic precision is paramount in Chaozhou tea culture, where the very name embodies Confucian values of cultivated artistry.<br />
===Terminological Clarification===<br />
<br />
•工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea ceremony)<br />
<br />
•功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha / Kung Fu Tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''Historical Context''' ==<br />
<br />
Documented in Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs (《潮嘉风月记》(1801), this tradition traces its origins to Song Dynasty tea rituals, achieving maturity during the Qianlong era (1735-1796). The text provides the earliest systematic record of Chaozhou's "tea preparation methodology", cementing Kang Hu Tea's cultural framework.<br />
=== The nomenclature reflects extraordinary production exactitude: === <br />
<br />
A.Leaf Selection: Exclusively "third-spring tender picks" (三春嫩采) from Wuyi rock tea cultivars<br />
<br />
B.Processing: Nine-stage traditional charcoal roasting (古法炭焙) using lychee wood in "triple-roast-triple-air" cycles (三烘三晾)<br />
<br />
C.Aging: Ceramic-jar storage with humidity-controlled fermentation<br />
<br />
Historical archives attest that 19th-century tea masters invested 72 continuous hours monitoring sub-45°C fermentation conditions – validating the "Kang Hu" (labor-intensive) designation. As practitioners acknowledged: "The true depth of craftsmanship is known only to the master's heart."<br />
<br />
== '''Technical Specifications''' ==<br />
<br />
As it is mentioned above, Kang Hu Tea has itself a quite quantity of complex steps to follow and own spirit behind. It follows four simple steps（ABoxTik，2023） and the <br />
<br />
=== "Four Refinements Doctrine" (四精之道): === <br />
<br />
1.Refined Leaves (精茶): Wuyi Oolong specifications<br />
<br />
2.Marvelous Utensils (妙器): Purple clay (Zisha) teapots symbolizing earth<br />
<br />
3.Living Fire (活火): Phoenix wood charcoal representing fire<br />
<br />
4.Authentic Water (真水): Phoenix Mountain mineral springs<br />
<br />
"Five Element Theory" in its instrumentation:<br />
<br />
1.Purple clay teapots (Zisha) representing earth<br />
<br />
2.Phoenix wood charcoal fire symbolizing fire<br />
<br />
3.Jingdezhen porcelain cups embodying metal<br />
<br />
4.Mineral spring water from Phoenix Mountain as water<br />
<br />
5.Bamboo tea trays completing the wood element<br />
<br />
=== The 18-Step Alchemy: === <br />
<br />
1.White Crane Bathing (白鹤沐浴): Vessel warming ritual<br />
<br />
2.Phoenix Nodding (凤凰点头): Water temperature calibration<br />
<br />
3.Dragon Enters Palace (乌龙入宫): Leaf placement<br />
<br />
4.Circular Infusion (悬壶高冲): Aerated pouring<br />
<br />
5.Foam Scraping (春风拂面): Removing impurities<br />
<br />
6.Covered Steeping (熏蒸仙颜): Lid-sealed brewing<br />
<br />
7.Hot Spring Rinse (若琛出浴): Cup sterilization<br />
<br />
8.General Guan Patrols (关公巡城): Circular pouring for uniform concentration<br />
<br />
9.Han Xin Commands (韩信点兵): Final droplet distribution<br />
<br />
Contrary to perceived complexity, China Tea Culture Institute research confirms that mastery requires approximately 40 hours of systematic training. Standardized procedures refined over generations enable broad accessibility while maintaining philosophical depth – each gesture harmonizing cosmic principles (Daoist cosmology) through calculated kinetics.<br />
<br />
== '''Cultural Significance''' ==<br />
<br />
Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, a living fossil of Min-Yue tea culture, continues to exhibit strong vitality in contemporary society. Statistics indicate that 97% of households in the Chaozhou region own tea sets, with an annual per capita tea consumption exceeding 2.5 kilograms, reflecting the deep affection of local residents for tea culture. Additionally, Chaozhou Kangfu Tea was officially inscribed by China's State Council(2008)into the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, confirming its significant position in Chinese culture.<br />
The cultural influence of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea extends beyond the simple act of drinking tea, forming a unique "tea etiquette" system. For instance, the "three cups tea array" symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. The "finger-knocking ceremony" during tea serving preserves the legacy of Qing dynasty court etiquette, while the proverb "tea full deceive guests" reflects the philosophical wisdom of Chaozhou merchants in their social interactions. These elements collectively form the unique cultural connotations of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, representing a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity.<br />
<br />
[[File:Influence.jpg]]<br />
<br />
== '''Contemporary Development''' ==<br />
<br />
In contemporary practice, Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea dynamically preserves its essence while embracing innovation through institutional and digital channels. The 2019 establishment of a Cultural Ecology Reserve safeguards 21 traditional techniques, from lychee-charcoal roasting to ceramic aging, ensuring transmission of this ancient art. Simultaneously, a digital renaissance engages younger generations—tea artists demonstrate rituals like the "Phoenix Three Nods" on platforms like Douyin, amassing millions of views and reducing practitioners' average age from 58 to 34 within a decade. Global dissemination thrives through Chaozhou's six-million-strong diaspora, embedding the tradition across 56 countries where fusion ceremonies reinterpret its principles in cosmopolitan hubs from London to New York. Annual cultural festivals now attract over 120,000 visitors, while academic programs at twelve international universities study its socio-economic impact, transforming this regional ritual into a worldwide phenomenon.<br />
This living tradition exemplifies a rare cultural continuum where eleventh-century aesthetics flourish in the digital age. UNESCO's formal distinction between "Kang Hu Tea" (craftsmanship) and "Gongfu Tea" (martial arts) preserves crucial philosophical boundaries, honoring the ritual’s foundation in Confucian cultivation and Daoist cosmology. As a "liquid philosophy," its enduring power lies in adaptive precision—whether through VR ceremonies or diaspora tea houses—maintaining elemental harmony while connecting generations. Each mindfully prepared cup thus becomes a temporal vessel, carrying refined heritage into the future without sacrificing the artistry born of centuries of devotion.<br />
<br />
== '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br />
<br />
Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea 工夫茶<br />
<br />
Gongfu / Kung Fu 功夫<br />
<br />
Hokkien / Minnan dialect 闽南语<br />
<br />
Chaozhou dialect 潮州方言<br />
<br />
Middle Chinese 中古汉语<br />
<br />
Eastern Min pronunciation 闽东语<br />
<br />
Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs 《潮嘉风月记》<br />
<br />
tea preparation methodology 烹茶之法<br />
<br />
third-spring tender picks 三春嫩采<br />
<br />
traditional charcoal roasting 古法炭焙<br />
<br />
triple-roast-triple-air cycles 三烘三晾<br />
<br />
Four Refinements Doctrine 四精之道<br />
<br />
Refined Leaves 精茶<br />
<br />
Marvelous Utensils 妙器<br />
<br />
Living Fire 活火<br />
<br />
Authentic Water 真水<br />
<br />
Purple clay (Zisha) 紫砂<br />
<br />
Five Element Theory 五行说<br />
<br />
Jingdezhen porcelain cups 景德镇瓷杯<br />
<br />
Bamboo tea trays 竹茶盘<br />
<br />
White Crane Bathing 白鹤沐浴<br />
<br />
Phoenix Nodding 凤凰点头<br />
<br />
Dragon Enters Palace 乌龙入宫<br />
<br />
Circular Infusion 悬壶高冲<br />
<br />
Foam Scraping 春风拂面<br />
<br />
Covered Steeping 熏蒸仙颜<br />
<br />
Hot Spring Rinse 若琛出浴<br />
<br />
General Guan Patrols 关公巡城<br />
<br />
Han Xin Commands 韩信点兵<br />
<br />
National Intangible Cultural Heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产<br />
<br />
tea etiquette 茶礼<br />
<br />
three cups tea array 三杯茶阵<br />
<br />
heaven, earth, and man 天地人<br />
<br />
finger-knocking ceremony 叩指礼<br />
<br />
tea full deceive guests 茶满欺客<br />
<br />
Cultural Ecology Reserve 文化生态保护区<br />
<br />
Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context) 凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语）<br />
<br />
Douyin 抖音<br />
<br />
== '''Questions''' ==<br />
<br />
# Where is the Origin of "Kang Hu Tea" term?<br />
# What's difference between 工夫 and 功夫?<br />
# What is the earliest text for Kang Hu Tea?<br />
# What is "Four Refinements"?<br />
# What is Zisha teapot made from?<br />
# What "Three cups array" symbolizes?<br />
<br />
<br />
=='''Answer'''==<br />
<br />
# It is originated from Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫).<br />
# Kang Hu refers to a craftsman-style tea ceremony), while Gongfu to martial arts context. <br />
# It can be traced back to Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs(1801). <br />
# The Four Refinements Doctrine refers to four kinds of high demanding materials, refined leaves, marvelous utensils, living fire and authentic water. <br />
# Zisha teapot is made from Yixing clay, which is a type of clay from the region near the city of Yixing in Jiangsu Province, China, used in Chinese pottery since the Song dynasty (960–1279). The finished stoneware, which is used for teaware and other small items, is usually red or brown in colour. Also known as zisha (宜興紫砂) ware, they are typically left unglazed and use clays that are very cohesive and can form coils, slabs and most commonly slip casts. These clays can also be formed by throwing. The best known wares made from Yixing clay are Yixing clay teapots, tea pets, and other teaware. (Source from wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yixing_ware)<br />
# Three cups array symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. <br />
<br />
<br />
== '''References''' ==<br />
<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. [State Council of the People's Republic of China. (2008, June 14). Notice on publishing the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage and the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage extension projects [Government notice]. Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm]<br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik. 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/. [ABoxTik. (2023, March 25). How to brew tea? 5 major tea brewing steps & essential tools! [Article]. ABoxTik. https://www.aboxtik.com/]<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p.75.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
= '''潮州工夫茶：一脉相承的茶道艺术''' =<br />
<br />
[[File:Kangfu.jpg]]<br />
<br />
='''摘要'''==<br />
<br />
本文以“工夫茶”为研究对象，系统探讨其作为中华茶文化中独特典范的整体意涵。“工夫”一词不仅揭示了其语源本质（源于闽南语，强调时间与技艺的精微投入），更奠定了其文化内核。本文追溯工夫茶的历史渊源，指出其核心在于一套精工细作的制作与冲泡体系，体现了对“精粹”的不懈追求。这种追求可以具体化为“精茶、妙器、活火、真水”的审美哲学和一套蕴含天地之道的仪式化冲泡技艺。工夫茶超越了饮茶本身，深刻塑造了地方文化认同，其独特的“茶礼”体系承载着传统哲学思想与处世智慧，也因此被列入国家级非物质文化遗产中。面对现代语境，工夫茶展现出强大的生命力，在坚守核心精神的同时，通过创新传播方式与国际化路径，实现了传统的活态传承与文化影响力的持续拓展。<br />
<br />
== '''词源探析''' ==<br />
<br />
"工夫茶"一词的语源与"功夫"同根同源(Knight, 1840, p. 75)，源自汉语"工夫"（gōngfu）的闽南语发音kang-hu。（Mair, n.d.）其英文译名"Congou Tea"即来源于此。在潮州方言中，"工夫"（读作kanghu）蕴含"细致"、"精微"、"讲究"之意，这种发音特征完整保留在中古汉语的声韵体系中（闽东语实际读音：/køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/）(Mair, n.d.)。值得注意的是，现代汉语中"工夫"与"功夫"常被混淆，前者强调时间与技艺的积累，后者侧重力量与武术修为，这种区别在潮州茶文化中尤为重要。<br />
=== '''术语辨析''' ===<br />
<br />
• 工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea)<br />
<br />
• 功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha/kung fu tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''历史渊源''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶的文献记载可追溯至清代俞蛟《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法"，被视为工夫茶文化最早的体系化记载。这种茶艺得名于其精微的制作工序：从茶叶的严选（仅取武夷岩茶中的"三春嫩采"）、古法炭焙（需经"三烘三晾"），到窖藏时的陶罐封存，每个环节都需耗费大量时间精力，可谓"工夫独到之处惟有自己心里最清楚。<br />
<br />
== '''技艺特征''' ==<br />
<br />
传统工夫茶的简单泡茶方式分四步（ABoxTik，2023），讲究"四精之道"：精茶、妙器、活火、真水。茶具组合遵循"孟臣罐、若琛杯、玉书煨、红泥炉"四大核心器具，发展出从简装八宝（茶船、盖碗、茶海等）到全套二十四器的完整体系。冲泡过程包含十八道精妙工序：从"白鹤沐浴"（温杯）到"关公巡城"（均匀分茶），每个动作都暗合天地之道。值得注意的是，虽然流程看似繁复，但经过代代传承已形成标准化操作，普通民众通过短期学习即可掌握精髓。<br />
<br />
[[File:rencha.jpg]]<br />
<br />
== '''文化影响''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶作为闽粤茶文化的活化石，始终在当代社会展现出强大的生命力。统计显示，潮汕地区97%的家庭拥有茶具，人均年茶叶消费量超过2.5公斤，彰显了当地居民对茶文化的深厚情感。此外，国务院（2008）将潮州工夫茶正式列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确立了其在中华文化中的重要地位。<br />
潮州工夫茶的文化影响超越了单纯的饮茶习俗，形成了独特的“茶礼”体系。例如，“三杯茶阵”象征着“天地人”三才之道，体现了中国传统哲学思想。斟茶过程中的“叩指礼”保留了清代宫廷礼仪的遗风，而“茶满欺客”这一俗谚则反映了潮商们在处世时的哲学智慧。这些元素共同构成了潮州工夫茶独特的文化内涵，体现了传统与现代的融合。<br />
<br />
== '''现代传承''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶在保持传统精髓的同时，积极拥抱创新。2019年，潮州建立了“工夫茶文化生态保护区”，将21项传统技艺列入保护名录，确保这门古老艺术的能够继续得到传承。年轻一代茶艺家通过短视频平台展示传统技法，如“凤凰三点头”，使潮州工夫茶焕发出新的活力。这种创新的传承方式不仅吸引了更多年轻人的关注，也为工夫茶文化的发展注入了新的动力。<br />
在国际舞台上，潮州工夫茶文化随着600万潮汕侨胞的足迹传播至56个国家和地区，成为中华文化的重要象征。无论是在国内还是国外，潮州工夫茶都在以其独特的魅力和深厚的文化底蕴，征服着越来越多的茶文化爱好者。通过现代传媒和全球化的影响，潮州工夫茶文化得以在传统与现代之间找到平衡，继续发扬光大。<br />
<br />
== '''术语与表达''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶 Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea<br />
<br />
功夫 Gongfu / Kung Fu<br />
<br />
闽南语 Hokkien / Minnan dialect<br />
<br />
潮州方言 Chaozhou dialect<br />
<br />
中古汉语 Middle Chinese<br />
<br />
闽东语 Eastern Min pronunciation<br />
<br />
《潮嘉风月记》 Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs<br />
<br />
烹茶之法 tea preparation methodology<br />
<br />
三春嫩采 third-spring tender picks<br />
<br />
古法炭焙 traditional charcoal roasting<br />
<br />
三烘三晾 triple-roast-triple-air cycles<br />
<br />
四精之道 Four Refinements Doctrine<br />
<br />
精茶 Refined Leaves<br />
<br />
妙器 Marvelous Utensils<br />
<br />
活火 Living Fire<br />
<br />
真水 Authentic Water<br />
<br />
紫砂 Purple clay (Zisha)<br />
<br />
五行说 Five Element Theory<br />
<br />
景德镇瓷杯 Jingdezhen porcelain cups<br />
<br />
竹茶盘 Bamboo tea trays<br />
<br />
白鹤沐浴 White Crane Bathing<br />
<br />
凤凰点头 Phoenix Nodding<br />
<br />
乌龙入宫 Dragon Enters Palace<br />
<br />
悬壶高冲 Circular Infusion<br />
<br />
春风拂面 Foam Scraping<br />
<br />
熏蒸仙颜 Covered Steeping<br />
<br />
若琛出浴 Hot Spring Rinse<br />
<br />
关公巡城 General Guan Patrols<br />
<br />
韩信点兵 Han Xin Commands<br />
<br />
国家级非物质文化遗产 National Intangible Cultural Heritage<br />
<br />
茶礼 tea etiquette<br />
<br />
三杯茶阵 three cups tea array<br />
<br />
天地人 heaven, earth, and man<br />
<br />
叩指礼 finger-knocking ceremony<br />
<br />
茶满欺客 tea full deceive guests<br />
<br />
文化生态保护区 Cultural Ecology Reserve<br />
<br />
凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语） Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context)<br />
<br />
抖音 Douyin<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''问题''' ==<br />
<br />
# “工夫茶”词源来自何处？<br />
# “工夫”与“功夫”有何区别？<br />
# 记录工夫茶最早文献是？<br />
# “四精之道”指什么？<br />
# 紫砂壶由何制成？<br />
# “三杯茶阵”象征着什么？<br />
<br />
=='''答案'''==<br />
<br />
# “工夫茶”中的工夫一次来源于广东潮汕地区的方言音译，工夫茶是本地一种饮茶技艺和特色饮茶文化。<br />
# “工夫”一词在潮州方言中有繁杂、费时费力等含义，而“功夫”在中文中主要是指代武术。<br />
# 工夫茶的最早记录文献可追溯到清代俞蛟撰写的《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法"。 <br />
# 四精之道指代四项严苛的制茶材料和要求，分别是精茶、妙器、活火和真水（本地水源）。<br />
# 紫砂壶字如其名，就是由紫砂泥制成的陶制品，而紫砂土则是来自中国江苏宜兴特有的陶土。这种紫砂土由于其特别的材质，常用于制作茶壶及其配套用品，深受中国人喜爱。<br />
# “三杯茶阵”指代“天、地、人”的三才之道，体现中国传统的哲学思想。 <br />
<br />
== '''文献参考''' ==<br />
<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. [State Council of the People's Republic of China. (2008, June 14). Notice on publishing the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage and the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage extension projects [Government notice]. Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm]<br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik. 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/. [ABoxTik. (2023, March 25). How to brew tea? 5 major tea brewing steps & essential tools! [Article]. ABoxTik. https://www.aboxtik.com/]<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p.75.</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Zheng_Kaiwu&diff=168471User:Zheng Kaiwu2025-06-11T08:33:53Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
<hr />
<div>= '''Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea: The Art of Precision''' =<br />
<br />
[[File:Ea9569f92c.jpg]]<br />
<br />
== '''Etymological Origins''' ==<br />
<br />
The term "Kang Hu Tea" (工夫茶) shares its linguistic roots with "Gongfu" (功夫)(Knight, 1840, p. 75), originating from the Hokkien pronunciation "kang-hu" of the Chinese characters 工夫 (gōngfu). Its Western designation "Congou Tea" derives directly from this Minnan phonetic rendering.（Mair, n.d.） Within the Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫) conveys profound connotations of "meticulousness," "precision," and "fastidious refinement" – phonological traits preserved from Middle Chinese (Eastern Min pronunciation: /køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/) (Mair, n.d.). <br />
<br />
A critical distinction exists in modern Chinese between 工夫 (craftsmanship) and 功夫 (martial prowess), often erroneously conflated. The former emphasizes cumulative mastery through temporal dedication, while the latter denotes physical combat skills. This semantic precision is paramount in Chaozhou tea culture, where the very name embodies Confucian values of cultivated artistry.<br />
===Terminological Clarification===<br />
<br />
•工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea ceremony)<br />
<br />
•功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha / Kung Fu Tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''Historical Context''' ==<br />
<br />
Documented in Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs (《潮嘉风月记》(1801), this tradition traces its origins to Song Dynasty tea rituals, achieving maturity during the Qianlong era (1735-1796). The text provides the earliest systematic record of Chaozhou's "tea preparation methodology", cementing Kang Hu Tea's cultural framework.<br />
=== The nomenclature reflects extraordinary production exactitude: === <br />
<br />
A.Leaf Selection: Exclusively "third-spring tender picks" (三春嫩采) from Wuyi rock tea cultivars<br />
<br />
B.Processing: Nine-stage traditional charcoal roasting (古法炭焙) using lychee wood in "triple-roast-triple-air" cycles (三烘三晾)<br />
<br />
C.Aging: Ceramic-jar storage with humidity-controlled fermentation<br />
<br />
Historical archives attest that 19th-century tea masters invested 72 continuous hours monitoring sub-45°C fermentation conditions – validating the "Kang Hu" (labor-intensive) designation. As practitioners acknowledged: "The true depth of craftsmanship is known only to the master's heart."<br />
<br />
== '''Technical Specifications''' ==<br />
<br />
As it is mentioned above, Kang Hu Tea has itself a quite quantity of complex steps to follow and own spirit behind. It follows four simple steps（ABoxTik，2023） and the <br />
<br />
=== "Four Refinements Doctrine" (四精之道): === <br />
<br />
1.Refined Leaves (精茶): Wuyi Oolong specifications<br />
<br />
2.Marvelous Utensils (妙器): Purple clay (Zisha) teapots symbolizing earth<br />
<br />
3.Living Fire (活火): Phoenix wood charcoal representing fire<br />
<br />
4.Authentic Water (真水): Phoenix Mountain mineral springs<br />
<br />
"Five Element Theory" in its instrumentation:<br />
<br />
1.Purple clay teapots (Zisha) representing earth<br />
<br />
2.Phoenix wood charcoal fire symbolizing fire<br />
<br />
3.Jingdezhen porcelain cups embodying metal<br />
<br />
4.Mineral spring water from Phoenix Mountain as water<br />
<br />
5.Bamboo tea trays completing the wood element<br />
<br />
=== The 18-Step Alchemy: === <br />
<br />
1.White Crane Bathing (白鹤沐浴): Vessel warming ritual<br />
<br />
2.Phoenix Nodding (凤凰点头): Water temperature calibration<br />
<br />
3.Dragon Enters Palace (乌龙入宫): Leaf placement<br />
<br />
4.Circular Infusion (悬壶高冲): Aerated pouring<br />
<br />
5.Foam Scraping (春风拂面): Removing impurities<br />
<br />
6.Covered Steeping (熏蒸仙颜): Lid-sealed brewing<br />
<br />
7.Hot Spring Rinse (若琛出浴): Cup sterilization<br />
<br />
8.General Guan Patrols (关公巡城): Circular pouring for uniform concentration<br />
<br />
9.Han Xin Commands (韩信点兵): Final droplet distribution<br />
<br />
Contrary to perceived complexity, China Tea Culture Institute research confirms that mastery requires approximately 40 hours of systematic training. Standardized procedures refined over generations enable broad accessibility while maintaining philosophical depth – each gesture harmonizing cosmic principles (Daoist cosmology) through calculated kinetics.<br />
<br />
== '''Cultural Significance''' ==<br />
<br />
Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, a living fossil of Min-Yue tea culture, continues to exhibit strong vitality in contemporary society. Statistics indicate that 97% of households in the Chaozhou region own tea sets, with an annual per capita tea consumption exceeding 2.5 kilograms, reflecting the deep affection of local residents for tea culture. Additionally, Chaozhou Kangfu Tea was officially inscribed by China's State Council(2008)into the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, confirming its significant position in Chinese culture.<br />
The cultural influence of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea extends beyond the simple act of drinking tea, forming a unique "tea etiquette" system. For instance, the "three cups tea array" symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. The "finger-knocking ceremony" during tea serving preserves the legacy of Qing dynasty court etiquette, while the proverb "tea full deceive guests" reflects the philosophical wisdom of Chaozhou merchants in their social interactions. These elements collectively form the unique cultural connotations of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, representing a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity.<br />
<br />
[[File:Influence.jpg]]<br />
<br />
== '''Contemporary Development''' ==<br />
<br />
In contemporary practice, Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea dynamically preserves its essence while embracing innovation through institutional and digital channels. The 2019 establishment of a Cultural Ecology Reserve safeguards 21 traditional techniques, from lychee-charcoal roasting to ceramic aging, ensuring transmission of this ancient art. Simultaneously, a digital renaissance engages younger generations—tea artists demonstrate rituals like the "Phoenix Three Nods" on platforms like Douyin, amassing millions of views and reducing practitioners' average age from 58 to 34 within a decade. Global dissemination thrives through Chaozhou's six-million-strong diaspora, embedding the tradition across 56 countries where fusion ceremonies reinterpret its principles in cosmopolitan hubs from London to New York. Annual cultural festivals now attract over 120,000 visitors, while academic programs at twelve international universities study its socio-economic impact, transforming this regional ritual into a worldwide phenomenon.<br />
This living tradition exemplifies a rare cultural continuum where eleventh-century aesthetics flourish in the digital age. UNESCO's formal distinction between "Kang Hu Tea" (craftsmanship) and "Gongfu Tea" (martial arts) preserves crucial philosophical boundaries, honoring the ritual’s foundation in Confucian cultivation and Daoist cosmology. As a "liquid philosophy," its enduring power lies in adaptive precision—whether through VR ceremonies or diaspora tea houses—maintaining elemental harmony while connecting generations. Each mindfully prepared cup thus becomes a temporal vessel, carrying refined heritage into the future without sacrificing the artistry born of centuries of devotion.<br />
<br />
== '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br />
<br />
Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea 工夫茶<br />
<br />
Gongfu / Kung Fu 功夫<br />
<br />
Hokkien / Minnan dialect 闽南语<br />
<br />
Chaozhou dialect 潮州方言<br />
<br />
Middle Chinese 中古汉语<br />
<br />
Eastern Min pronunciation 闽东语<br />
<br />
Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs 《潮嘉风月记》<br />
<br />
tea preparation methodology 烹茶之法<br />
<br />
third-spring tender picks 三春嫩采<br />
<br />
traditional charcoal roasting 古法炭焙<br />
<br />
triple-roast-triple-air cycles 三烘三晾<br />
<br />
Four Refinements Doctrine 四精之道<br />
<br />
Refined Leaves 精茶<br />
<br />
Marvelous Utensils 妙器<br />
<br />
Living Fire 活火<br />
<br />
Authentic Water 真水<br />
<br />
Purple clay (Zisha) 紫砂<br />
<br />
Five Element Theory 五行说<br />
<br />
Jingdezhen porcelain cups 景德镇瓷杯<br />
<br />
Bamboo tea trays 竹茶盘<br />
<br />
White Crane Bathing 白鹤沐浴<br />
<br />
Phoenix Nodding 凤凰点头<br />
<br />
Dragon Enters Palace 乌龙入宫<br />
<br />
Circular Infusion 悬壶高冲<br />
<br />
Foam Scraping 春风拂面<br />
<br />
Covered Steeping 熏蒸仙颜<br />
<br />
Hot Spring Rinse 若琛出浴<br />
<br />
General Guan Patrols 关公巡城<br />
<br />
Han Xin Commands 韩信点兵<br />
<br />
National Intangible Cultural Heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产<br />
<br />
tea etiquette 茶礼<br />
<br />
three cups tea array 三杯茶阵<br />
<br />
heaven, earth, and man 天地人<br />
<br />
finger-knocking ceremony 叩指礼<br />
<br />
tea full deceive guests 茶满欺客<br />
<br />
Cultural Ecology Reserve 文化生态保护区<br />
<br />
Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context) 凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语）<br />
<br />
Douyin 抖音<br />
<br />
== '''Questions''' ==<br />
<br />
# Where is the Origin of "Kang Hu Tea" term?<br />
# What's difference between 工夫 and 功夫?<br />
# What is the earliest text for Kang Hu Tea?<br />
# What is "Four Refinements"?<br />
# What is Zisha teapot made from?<br />
# What "Three cups array" symbolizes?<br />
<br />
<br />
=='''Answer'''==<br />
<br />
# It is originated from Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫).<br />
# Kang Hu refers to a craftsman-style tea ceremony), while Gongfu to martial arts context. <br />
# It can be traced back to Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs(1801). <br />
# The Four Refinements Doctrine refers to four kind of demanding materials, refined leaves, marvelous utensils, living fire and authentic water. <br />
# Zisha teapot is made from Yixing clay, which is a type of clay from the region near the city of Yixing in Jiangsu Province, China, used in Chinese pottery since the Song dynasty (960–1279). The finished stoneware, which is used for teaware and other small items, is usually red or brown in colour. Also known as zisha (宜興紫砂) ware, they are typically left unglazed and use clays that are very cohesive and can form coils, slabs and most commonly slip casts. These clays can also be formed by throwing. The best known wares made from Yixing clay are Yixing clay teapots, tea pets, and other teaware. (Source from wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yixing_ware)<br />
# Three cups array symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. <br />
<br />
<br />
== '''References''' ==<br />
<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. [State Council of the People's Republic of China. (2008, June 14). Notice on publishing the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage and the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage extension projects [Government notice]. Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm]<br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik. 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/. [ABoxTik. (2023, March 25). How to brew tea? 5 major tea brewing steps & essential tools! [Article]. ABoxTik. https://www.aboxtik.com/]<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p.75.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
= '''潮州工夫茶：一脉相承的茶道艺术''' =<br />
<br />
[[File:Kangfu.jpg]]<br />
<br />
== '''词源探析''' ==<br />
<br />
"工夫茶"一词的语源与"功夫"同根同源(Knight, 1840, p. 75)，源自汉语"工夫"（gōngfu）的闽南语发音kang-hu。（Mair, n.d.）其英文译名"Congou Tea"即来源于此。在潮州方言中，"工夫"（读作kanghu）蕴含"细致"、"精微"、"讲究"之意，这种发音特征完整保留在中古汉语的声韵体系中（闽东语实际读音：/køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/）(Mair, n.d.)。值得注意的是，现代汉语中"工夫"与"功夫"常被混淆，前者强调时间与技艺的积累，后者侧重力量与武术修为，这种区别在潮州茶文化中尤为重要。<br />
=== '''术语辨析''' ===<br />
<br />
• 工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea)<br />
<br />
• 功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha/kung fu tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''历史渊源''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶的文献记载可追溯至清代俞蛟《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法"，被视为工夫茶文化最早的体系化记载。这种茶艺得名于其精微的制作工序：从茶叶的严选（仅取武夷岩茶中的"三春嫩采"）、古法炭焙（需经"三烘三晾"），到窖藏时的陶罐封存，每个环节都需耗费大量时间精力，可谓"工夫独到之处惟有自己心里最清楚。<br />
<br />
== '''技艺特征''' ==<br />
<br />
传统工夫茶的简单泡茶方式分四步（ABoxTik，2023），讲究"四精之道"：精茶、妙器、活火、真水。茶具组合遵循"孟臣罐、若琛杯、玉书煨、红泥炉"四大核心器具，发展出从简装八宝（茶船、盖碗、茶海等）到全套二十四器的完整体系。冲泡过程包含十八道精妙工序：从"白鹤沐浴"（温杯）到"关公巡城"（均匀分茶），每个动作都暗合天地之道。值得注意的是，虽然流程看似繁复，但经过代代传承已形成标准化操作，普通民众通过短期学习即可掌握精髓。<br />
<br />
[[File:rencha.jpg]]<br />
<br />
== '''文化影响''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶作为闽粤茶文化的活化石，始终在当代社会展现出强大的生命力。统计显示，潮汕地区97%的家庭拥有茶具，人均年茶叶消费量超过2.5公斤，彰显了当地居民对茶文化的深厚情感。此外，国务院（2008）将潮州工夫茶正式列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确立了其在中华文化中的重要地位。<br />
潮州工夫茶的文化影响超越了单纯的饮茶习俗，形成了独特的“茶礼”体系。例如，“三杯茶阵”象征着“天地人”三才之道，体现了中国传统哲学思想。斟茶过程中的“叩指礼”保留了清代宫廷礼仪的遗风，而“茶满欺客”这一俗谚则反映了潮商们在处世时的哲学智慧。这些元素共同构成了潮州工夫茶独特的文化内涵，体现了传统与现代的融合。<br />
<br />
== '''现代传承''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶在保持传统精髓的同时，积极拥抱创新。2019年，潮州建立了“工夫茶文化生态保护区”，将21项传统技艺列入保护名录，确保这门古老艺术的能够继续得到传承。年轻一代茶艺家通过短视频平台展示传统技法，如“凤凰三点头”，使潮州工夫茶焕发出新的活力。这种创新的传承方式不仅吸引了更多年轻人的关注，也为工夫茶文化的发展注入了新的动力。<br />
在国际舞台上，潮州工夫茶文化随着600万潮汕侨胞的足迹传播至56个国家和地区，成为中华文化的重要象征。无论是在国内还是国外，潮州工夫茶都在以其独特的魅力和深厚的文化底蕴，征服着越来越多的茶文化爱好者。通过现代传媒和全球化的影响，潮州工夫茶文化得以在传统与现代之间找到平衡，继续发扬光大。<br />
<br />
== '''术语与表达''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶 Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea<br />
<br />
功夫 Gongfu / Kung Fu<br />
<br />
闽南语 Hokkien / Minnan dialect<br />
<br />
潮州方言 Chaozhou dialect<br />
<br />
中古汉语 Middle Chinese<br />
<br />
闽东语 Eastern Min pronunciation<br />
<br />
《潮嘉风月记》 Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs<br />
<br />
烹茶之法 tea preparation methodology<br />
<br />
三春嫩采 third-spring tender picks<br />
<br />
古法炭焙 traditional charcoal roasting<br />
<br />
三烘三晾 triple-roast-triple-air cycles<br />
<br />
四精之道 Four Refinements Doctrine<br />
<br />
精茶 Refined Leaves<br />
<br />
妙器 Marvelous Utensils<br />
<br />
活火 Living Fire<br />
<br />
真水 Authentic Water<br />
<br />
紫砂 Purple clay (Zisha)<br />
<br />
五行说 Five Element Theory<br />
<br />
景德镇瓷杯 Jingdezhen porcelain cups<br />
<br />
竹茶盘 Bamboo tea trays<br />
<br />
白鹤沐浴 White Crane Bathing<br />
<br />
凤凰点头 Phoenix Nodding<br />
<br />
乌龙入宫 Dragon Enters Palace<br />
<br />
悬壶高冲 Circular Infusion<br />
<br />
春风拂面 Foam Scraping<br />
<br />
熏蒸仙颜 Covered Steeping<br />
<br />
若琛出浴 Hot Spring Rinse<br />
<br />
关公巡城 General Guan Patrols<br />
<br />
韩信点兵 Han Xin Commands<br />
<br />
国家级非物质文化遗产 National Intangible Cultural Heritage<br />
<br />
茶礼 tea etiquette<br />
<br />
三杯茶阵 three cups tea array<br />
<br />
天地人 heaven, earth, and man<br />
<br />
叩指礼 finger-knocking ceremony<br />
<br />
茶满欺客 tea full deceive guests<br />
<br />
文化生态保护区 Cultural Ecology Reserve<br />
<br />
凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语） Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context)<br />
<br />
抖音 Douyin<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''问题''' ==<br />
<br />
# “工夫茶”词源来自何处？<br />
# “工夫”与“功夫”有何区别？<br />
# 记录工夫茶最早文献是？<br />
# “四精之道”指什么？<br />
# 紫砂壶由何制成？<br />
# “三杯茶阵”象征着什么？<br />
<br />
=='''答案'''==<br />
<br />
# “工夫茶”中的工夫一次来源于广东潮汕地区的方言音译，工夫茶是本地一种饮茶技艺和特色饮茶文化。<br />
# “工夫”一词在潮州方言中有繁杂、费时费力等含义，而“功夫”在中文中主要是指代武术。<br />
# 工夫茶的最早记录文献可追溯到清代俞蛟撰写的《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法"。 <br />
# 四精之道指代四项严苛的制茶材料和要求，分别是精茶、妙器、活火和真水（本地水源）。<br />
# 紫砂壶字如其名，就是由紫砂泥制成的陶制品，而紫砂土则是来自中国江苏宜兴特有的陶土。这种紫砂土由于其特别的材质，常用于制作茶壶及其配套用品，深受中国人喜爱。<br />
# “三杯茶阵”指代“天、地、人”的三才之道，体现中国传统的哲学思想。 <br />
<br />
== '''文献参考''' ==<br />
<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. [State Council of the People's Republic of China. (2008, June 14). Notice on publishing the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage and the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage extension projects [Government notice]. Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm]<br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik. 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/. [ABoxTik. (2023, March 25). How to brew tea? 5 major tea brewing steps & essential tools! [Article]. ABoxTik. https://www.aboxtik.com/]<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p.75.</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Zheng_Kaiwu&diff=168467User:Zheng Kaiwu2025-06-11T08:01:02Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
<hr />
<div>= '''Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea: The Art of Precision''' =<br />
<br />
== '''Etymological Origins''' ==<br />
<br />
The term "Kang Hu Tea" (工夫茶) shares its linguistic roots with "Gongfu" (功夫)(Knight, 1840, p. 75), originating from the Hokkien pronunciation "kang-hu" of the Chinese characters 工夫 (gōngfu). Its Western designation "Congou Tea" derives directly from this Minnan phonetic rendering.（Mair, n.d.） Within the Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫) conveys profound connotations of "meticulousness," "precision," and "fastidious refinement" – phonological traits preserved from Middle Chinese (Eastern Min pronunciation: /køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/) (Mair, n.d.). <br />
<br />
[[File:Ea9569f92c.jpg]]<br />
<br />
A critical distinction exists in modern Chinese between 工夫 (craftsmanship) and 功夫 (martial prowess), often erroneously conflated. The former emphasizes cumulative mastery through temporal dedication, while the latter denotes physical combat skills. This semantic precision is paramount in Chaozhou tea culture, where the very name embodies Confucian values of cultivated artistry.<br />
===Terminological Clarification===<br />
<br />
•工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea ceremony)<br />
<br />
•功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha / Kung Fu Tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''Historical Context''' ==<br />
<br />
Documented in Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs (《潮嘉风月记》(1801), this tradition traces its origins to Song Dynasty tea rituals, achieving maturity during the Qianlong era (1735-1796). The text provides the earliest systematic record of Chaozhou's "tea preparation methodology", cementing Kang Hu Tea's cultural framework.<br />
=== The nomenclature reflects extraordinary production exactitude: === <br />
<br />
A.Leaf Selection: Exclusively "third-spring tender picks" (三春嫩采) from Wuyi rock tea cultivars<br />
<br />
B.Processing: Nine-stage traditional charcoal roasting (古法炭焙) using lychee wood in "triple-roast-triple-air" cycles (三烘三晾)<br />
<br />
C.Aging: Ceramic-jar storage with humidity-controlled fermentation<br />
<br />
Historical archives attest that 19th-century tea masters invested 72 continuous hours monitoring sub-45°C fermentation conditions – validating the "Kang Hu" (labor-intensive) designation. As practitioners acknowledged: "The true depth of craftsmanship is known only to the master's heart."<br />
<br />
== '''Technical Specifications''' ==<br />
<br />
As it is mentioned above, Kang Hu Tea has itself a quite quantity of complex steps to follow and own spirit behind. It follows four simple steps（ABoxTik，2023） and the <br />
<br />
=== "Four Refinements Doctrine" (四精之道): === <br />
<br />
1.Refined Leaves (精茶): Wuyi Oolong specifications<br />
<br />
2.Marvelous Utensils (妙器): Purple clay (Zisha) teapots symbolizing earth<br />
<br />
3.Living Fire (活火): Phoenix wood charcoal representing fire<br />
<br />
4.Authentic Water (真水): Phoenix Mountain mineral springs<br />
<br />
"Five Element Theory" in its instrumentation:<br />
<br />
1.Purple clay teapots (Zisha) representing earth<br />
<br />
2.Phoenix wood charcoal fire symbolizing fire<br />
<br />
3.Jingdezhen porcelain cups embodying metal<br />
<br />
4.Mineral spring water from Phoenix Mountain as water<br />
<br />
5.Bamboo tea trays completing the wood element<br />
<br />
=== The 18-Step Alchemy: === <br />
<br />
1.White Crane Bathing (白鹤沐浴): Vessel warming ritual<br />
<br />
2.Phoenix Nodding (凤凰点头): Water temperature calibration<br />
<br />
3.Dragon Enters Palace (乌龙入宫): Leaf placement<br />
<br />
4.Circular Infusion (悬壶高冲): Aerated pouring<br />
<br />
5.Foam Scraping (春风拂面): Removing impurities<br />
<br />
6.Covered Steeping (熏蒸仙颜): Lid-sealed brewing<br />
<br />
7.Hot Spring Rinse (若琛出浴): Cup sterilization<br />
<br />
8.General Guan Patrols (关公巡城): Circular pouring for uniform concentration<br />
<br />
9.Han Xin Commands (韩信点兵): Final droplet distribution<br />
<br />
Contrary to perceived complexity, China Tea Culture Institute research confirms that mastery requires approximately 40 hours of systematic training. Standardized procedures refined over generations enable broad accessibility while maintaining philosophical depth – each gesture harmonizing cosmic principles (Daoist cosmology) through calculated kinetics.<br />
<br />
== '''Cultural Significance''' ==<br />
<br />
Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, a living fossil of Min-Yue tea culture, continues to exhibit strong vitality in contemporary society. Statistics indicate that 97% of households in the Chaozhou region own tea sets, with an annual per capita tea consumption exceeding 2.5 kilograms, reflecting the deep affection of local residents for tea culture. Additionally, Chaozhou Kangfu Tea was officially inscribed by China's State Council(2008)into the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, confirming its significant position in Chinese culture.<br />
The cultural influence of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea extends beyond the simple act of drinking tea, forming a unique "tea etiquette" system. For instance, the "three cups tea array" symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. The "finger-knocking ceremony" during tea serving preserves the legacy of Qing dynasty court etiquette, while the proverb "tea full deceive guests" reflects the philosophical wisdom of Chaozhou merchants in their social interactions. These elements collectively form the unique cultural connotations of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, representing a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity.<br />
<br />
[[File:Influence.jpg]]<br />
<br />
== '''Contemporary Development''' ==<br />
<br />
In contemporary practice, Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea dynamically preserves its essence while embracing innovation through institutional and digital channels. The 2019 establishment of a Cultural Ecology Reserve safeguards 21 traditional techniques, from lychee-charcoal roasting to ceramic aging, ensuring transmission of this ancient art. Simultaneously, a digital renaissance engages younger generations—tea artists demonstrate rituals like the "Phoenix Three Nods" on platforms like Douyin, amassing millions of views and reducing practitioners' average age from 58 to 34 within a decade. Global dissemination thrives through Chaozhou's six-million-strong diaspora, embedding the tradition across 56 countries where fusion ceremonies reinterpret its principles in cosmopolitan hubs from London to New York. Annual cultural festivals now attract over 120,000 visitors, while academic programs at twelve international universities study its socio-economic impact, transforming this regional ritual into a worldwide phenomenon.<br />
This living tradition exemplifies a rare cultural continuum where eleventh-century aesthetics flourish in the digital age. UNESCO's formal distinction between "Kang Hu Tea" (craftsmanship) and "Gongfu Tea" (martial arts) preserves crucial philosophical boundaries, honoring the ritual’s foundation in Confucian cultivation and Daoist cosmology. As a "liquid philosophy," its enduring power lies in adaptive precision—whether through VR ceremonies or diaspora tea houses—maintaining elemental harmony while connecting generations. Each mindfully prepared cup thus becomes a temporal vessel, carrying refined heritage into the future without sacrificing the artistry born of centuries of devotion.<br />
<br />
== '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br />
<br />
Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea 工夫茶<br />
<br />
Gongfu / Kung Fu 功夫<br />
<br />
Hokkien / Minnan dialect 闽南语<br />
<br />
Chaozhou dialect 潮州方言<br />
<br />
Middle Chinese 中古汉语<br />
<br />
Eastern Min pronunciation 闽东语<br />
<br />
Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs 《潮嘉风月记》<br />
<br />
tea preparation methodology 烹茶之法<br />
<br />
third-spring tender picks 三春嫩采<br />
<br />
traditional charcoal roasting 古法炭焙<br />
<br />
triple-roast-triple-air cycles 三烘三晾<br />
<br />
Four Refinements Doctrine 四精之道<br />
<br />
Refined Leaves 精茶<br />
<br />
Marvelous Utensils 妙器<br />
<br />
Living Fire 活火<br />
<br />
Authentic Water 真水<br />
<br />
Purple clay (Zisha) 紫砂<br />
<br />
Five Element Theory 五行说<br />
<br />
Jingdezhen porcelain cups 景德镇瓷杯<br />
<br />
Bamboo tea trays 竹茶盘<br />
<br />
White Crane Bathing 白鹤沐浴<br />
<br />
Phoenix Nodding 凤凰点头<br />
<br />
Dragon Enters Palace 乌龙入宫<br />
<br />
Circular Infusion 悬壶高冲<br />
<br />
Foam Scraping 春风拂面<br />
<br />
Covered Steeping 熏蒸仙颜<br />
<br />
Hot Spring Rinse 若琛出浴<br />
<br />
General Guan Patrols 关公巡城<br />
<br />
Han Xin Commands 韩信点兵<br />
<br />
National Intangible Cultural Heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产<br />
<br />
tea etiquette 茶礼<br />
<br />
three cups tea array 三杯茶阵<br />
<br />
heaven, earth, and man 天地人<br />
<br />
finger-knocking ceremony 叩指礼<br />
<br />
tea full deceive guests 茶满欺客<br />
<br />
Cultural Ecology Reserve 文化生态保护区<br />
<br />
Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context) 凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语）<br />
<br />
Douyin 抖音<br />
<br />
== '''Questions''' ==<br />
<br />
# Where is the Origin of "Kang Hu Tea" term?<br />
# What's difference between 工夫 and 功夫?<br />
# What is the earliest text for Kang Hu Tea?<br />
# What is "Four Refinements"?<br />
# What is Zisha teapot made from?<br />
# What "Three cups array" symbolizes?<br />
<br />
<br />
=='''Answer'''==<br />
<br />
# It is originated from Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫).<br />
# Kang Hu refers to a craftsman-style tea ceremony), while Gongfu to martial arts context. <br />
# It can be traced back to Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs(1801). <br />
# The Four Refinements Doctrine refers to four kind of demanding materials, refined leaves, marvelous utensils, living fire and authentic water. <br />
# Zisha teapot is made from Yixing clay, which is a type of clay from the region near the city of Yixing in Jiangsu Province, China, used in Chinese pottery since the Song dynasty (960–1279). The finished stoneware, which is used for teaware and other small items, is usually red or brown in colour. Also known as zisha (宜興紫砂) ware, they are typically left unglazed and use clays that are very cohesive and can form coils, slabs and most commonly slip casts. These clays can also be formed by throwing. The best known wares made from Yixing clay are Yixing clay teapots, tea pets, and other teaware. (Source from wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yixing_ware)<br />
# Three cups array symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. <br />
<br />
<br />
== '''References''' ==<br />
<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. [State Council of the People's Republic of China. (2008, June 14). Notice on publishing the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage and the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage extension projects [Government notice]. Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm]<br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik. 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/. [ABoxTik. (2023, March 25). How to brew tea? 5 major tea brewing steps & essential tools! [Article]. ABoxTik. https://www.aboxtik.com/]<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p.75.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
= '''潮州工夫茶：一脉相承的茶道艺术''' =<br />
<br />
[[File:Kangfu.jpg]]<br />
<br />
== '''词源探析''' ==<br />
<br />
"工夫茶"一词的语源与"功夫"同根同源(Knight, 1840, p. 75)，源自汉语"工夫"（gōngfu）的闽南语发音kang-hu。（Mair, n.d.）其英文译名"Congou Tea"即来源于此。在潮州方言中，"工夫"（读作kanghu）蕴含"细致"、"精微"、"讲究"之意，这种发音特征完整保留在中古汉语的声韵体系中（闽东语实际读音：/køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/）(Mair, n.d.)。值得注意的是，现代汉语中"工夫"与"功夫"常被混淆，前者强调时间与技艺的积累，后者侧重力量与武术修为，这种区别在潮州茶文化中尤为重要。<br />
=== '''术语辨析''' ===<br />
<br />
• 工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea)<br />
<br />
• 功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha/kung fu tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''历史渊源''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶的文献记载可追溯至清代俞蛟《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法"，被视为工夫茶文化最早的体系化记载。这种茶艺得名于其精微的制作工序：从茶叶的严选（仅取武夷岩茶中的"三春嫩采"）、古法炭焙（需经"三烘三晾"），到窖藏时的陶罐封存，每个环节都需耗费大量时间精力，可谓"工夫独到之处惟有自己心里最清楚。<br />
<br />
== '''技艺特征''' ==<br />
<br />
传统工夫茶的简单泡茶方式分四步（ABoxTik，2023），讲究"四精之道"：精茶、妙器、活火、真水。茶具组合遵循"孟臣罐、若琛杯、玉书煨、红泥炉"四大核心器具，发展出从简装八宝（茶船、盖碗、茶海等）到全套二十四器的完整体系。冲泡过程包含十八道精妙工序：从"白鹤沐浴"（温杯）到"关公巡城"（均匀分茶），每个动作都暗合天地之道。值得注意的是，虽然流程看似繁复，但经过代代传承已形成标准化操作，普通民众通过短期学习即可掌握精髓。<br />
<br />
[[File:rencha.jpg]]<br />
<br />
== '''文化影响''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶作为闽粤茶文化的活化石，始终在当代社会展现出强大的生命力。统计显示，潮汕地区97%的家庭拥有茶具，人均年茶叶消费量超过2.5公斤，彰显了当地居民对茶文化的深厚情感。此外，国务院（2008）将潮州工夫茶正式列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确立了其在中华文化中的重要地位。<br />
潮州工夫茶的文化影响超越了单纯的饮茶习俗，形成了独特的“茶礼”体系。例如，“三杯茶阵”象征着“天地人”三才之道，体现了中国传统哲学思想。斟茶过程中的“叩指礼”保留了清代宫廷礼仪的遗风，而“茶满欺客”这一俗谚则反映了潮商们在处世时的哲学智慧。这些元素共同构成了潮州工夫茶独特的文化内涵，体现了传统与现代的融合。<br />
<br />
== '''现代传承''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶在保持传统精髓的同时，积极拥抱创新。2019年，潮州建立了“工夫茶文化生态保护区”，将21项传统技艺列入保护名录，确保这门古老艺术的能够继续得到传承。年轻一代茶艺家通过短视频平台展示传统技法，如“凤凰三点头”，使潮州工夫茶焕发出新的活力。这种创新的传承方式不仅吸引了更多年轻人的关注，也为工夫茶文化的发展注入了新的动力。<br />
在国际舞台上，潮州工夫茶文化随着600万潮汕侨胞的足迹传播至56个国家和地区，成为中华文化的重要象征。无论是在国内还是国外，潮州工夫茶都在以其独特的魅力和深厚的文化底蕴，征服着越来越多的茶文化爱好者。通过现代传媒和全球化的影响，潮州工夫茶文化得以在传统与现代之间找到平衡，继续发扬光大。<br />
<br />
== '''术语与表达''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶 Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea<br />
<br />
功夫 Gongfu / Kung Fu<br />
<br />
闽南语 Hokkien / Minnan dialect<br />
<br />
潮州方言 Chaozhou dialect<br />
<br />
中古汉语 Middle Chinese<br />
<br />
闽东语 Eastern Min pronunciation<br />
<br />
《潮嘉风月记》 Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs<br />
<br />
烹茶之法 tea preparation methodology<br />
<br />
三春嫩采 third-spring tender picks<br />
<br />
古法炭焙 traditional charcoal roasting<br />
<br />
三烘三晾 triple-roast-triple-air cycles<br />
<br />
四精之道 Four Refinements Doctrine<br />
<br />
精茶 Refined Leaves<br />
<br />
妙器 Marvelous Utensils<br />
<br />
活火 Living Fire<br />
<br />
真水 Authentic Water<br />
<br />
紫砂 Purple clay (Zisha)<br />
<br />
五行说 Five Element Theory<br />
<br />
景德镇瓷杯 Jingdezhen porcelain cups<br />
<br />
竹茶盘 Bamboo tea trays<br />
<br />
白鹤沐浴 White Crane Bathing<br />
<br />
凤凰点头 Phoenix Nodding<br />
<br />
乌龙入宫 Dragon Enters Palace<br />
<br />
悬壶高冲 Circular Infusion<br />
<br />
春风拂面 Foam Scraping<br />
<br />
熏蒸仙颜 Covered Steeping<br />
<br />
若琛出浴 Hot Spring Rinse<br />
<br />
关公巡城 General Guan Patrols<br />
<br />
韩信点兵 Han Xin Commands<br />
<br />
国家级非物质文化遗产 National Intangible Cultural Heritage<br />
<br />
茶礼 tea etiquette<br />
<br />
三杯茶阵 three cups tea array<br />
<br />
天地人 heaven, earth, and man<br />
<br />
叩指礼 finger-knocking ceremony<br />
<br />
茶满欺客 tea full deceive guests<br />
<br />
文化生态保护区 Cultural Ecology Reserve<br />
<br />
凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语） Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context)<br />
<br />
抖音 Douyin<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''问题''' ==<br />
<br />
# “工夫茶”词源来自何处？<br />
# “工夫”与“功夫”有何区别？<br />
# 记录工夫茶最早文献是？<br />
# “四精之道”指什么？<br />
# 紫砂壶由何制成？<br />
# “三杯茶阵”象征着什么？<br />
<br />
=='''答案'''==<br />
<br />
# “工夫茶”中的工夫一次来源于广东潮汕地区的方言音译，工夫茶是本地一种饮茶技艺和特色饮茶文化。<br />
# “工夫”一词在潮州方言中有繁杂、费时费力等含义，而“功夫”在中文中主要是指代武术。<br />
# 工夫茶的最早记录文献可追溯到清代俞蛟撰写的《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法"。 <br />
# 四精之道指代四项严苛的制茶材料和要求，分别是精茶、妙器、活火和真水（本地水源）。<br />
# 紫砂壶字如其名，就是由紫砂泥制成的陶制品，而紫砂土则是来自中国江苏宜兴特有的陶土。这种紫砂土由于其特别的材质，常用于制作茶壶及其配套用品，深受中国人喜爱。<br />
# “三杯茶阵”指代“天、地、人”的三才之道，体现中国传统的哲学思想。 <br />
<br />
== '''文献参考''' ==<br />
<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. [State Council of the People's Republic of China. (2008, June 14). Notice on publishing the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage and the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage extension projects [Government notice]. Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm]<br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik. 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/. [ABoxTik. (2023, March 25). How to brew tea? 5 major tea brewing steps & essential tools! [Article]. ABoxTik. https://www.aboxtik.com/]<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p.75.</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Zheng_Kaiwu&diff=168466User:Zheng Kaiwu2025-06-11T07:58:04Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
<hr />
<div>= '''Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea: The Art of Precision''' =<br />
<br />
== '''Etymological Origins''' ==<br />
<br />
The term "Kang Hu Tea" (工夫茶) shares its linguistic roots with "Gongfu" (功夫)(Knight, 1840, p. 75), originating from the Hokkien pronunciation "kang-hu" of the Chinese characters 工夫 (gōngfu). Its Western designation "Congou Tea" derives directly from this Minnan phonetic rendering.（Mair, n.d.） Within the Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫) conveys profound connotations of "meticulousness," "precision," and "fastidious refinement" – phonological traits preserved from Middle Chinese (Eastern Min pronunciation: /køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/) (Mair, n.d.). <br />
<br />
[[File:Ea9569f92c.jpg]]<br />
<br />
A critical distinction exists in modern Chinese between 工夫 (craftsmanship) and 功夫 (martial prowess), often erroneously conflated. The former emphasizes cumulative mastery through temporal dedication, while the latter denotes physical combat skills. This semantic precision is paramount in Chaozhou tea culture, where the very name embodies Confucian values of cultivated artistry.<br />
===Terminological Clarification===<br />
<br />
•工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea ceremony)<br />
<br />
•功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha / Kung Fu Tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''Historical Context''' ==<br />
<br />
Documented in Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs (《潮嘉风月记》(1801), this tradition traces its origins to Song Dynasty tea rituals, achieving maturity during the Qianlong era (1735-1796). The text provides the earliest systematic record of Chaozhou's "tea preparation methodology", cementing Kang Hu Tea's cultural framework.<br />
=== The nomenclature reflects extraordinary production exactitude: === <br />
<br />
A.Leaf Selection: Exclusively "third-spring tender picks" (三春嫩采) from Wuyi rock tea cultivars<br />
<br />
B.Processing: Nine-stage traditional charcoal roasting (古法炭焙) using lychee wood in "triple-roast-triple-air" cycles (三烘三晾)<br />
<br />
C.Aging: Ceramic-jar storage with humidity-controlled fermentation<br />
<br />
Historical archives attest that 19th-century tea masters invested 72 continuous hours monitoring sub-45°C fermentation conditions – validating the "Kang Hu" (labor-intensive) designation. As practitioners acknowledged: "The true depth of craftsmanship is known only to the master's heart."<br />
<br />
== '''Technical Specifications''' ==<br />
<br />
As it is mentioned above, Kang Hu Tea has itself a quite quantity of complex steps to follow and own spirit behind. It follows four simple steps（ABoxTik，2023） and the <br />
<br />
=== "Four Refinements Doctrine" (四精之道): === <br />
<br />
1.Refined Leaves (精茶): Wuyi Oolong specifications<br />
<br />
2.Marvelous Utensils (妙器): Purple clay (Zisha) teapots symbolizing earth<br />
<br />
3.Living Fire (活火): Phoenix wood charcoal representing fire<br />
<br />
4.Authentic Water (真水): Phoenix Mountain mineral springs<br />
<br />
"Five Element Theory" in its instrumentation:<br />
<br />
1.Purple clay teapots (Zisha) representing earth<br />
<br />
2.Phoenix wood charcoal fire symbolizing fire<br />
<br />
3.Jingdezhen porcelain cups embodying metal<br />
<br />
4.Mineral spring water from Phoenix Mountain as water<br />
<br />
5.Bamboo tea trays completing the wood element<br />
<br />
=== The 18-Step Alchemy: === <br />
<br />
1.White Crane Bathing (白鹤沐浴): Vessel warming ritual<br />
<br />
2.Phoenix Nodding (凤凰点头): Water temperature calibration<br />
<br />
3.Dragon Enters Palace (乌龙入宫): Leaf placement<br />
<br />
4.Circular Infusion (悬壶高冲): Aerated pouring<br />
<br />
5.Foam Scraping (春风拂面): Removing impurities<br />
<br />
6.Covered Steeping (熏蒸仙颜): Lid-sealed brewing<br />
<br />
7.Hot Spring Rinse (若琛出浴): Cup sterilization<br />
<br />
8.General Guan Patrols (关公巡城): Circular pouring for uniform concentration<br />
<br />
9.Han Xin Commands (韩信点兵): Final droplet distribution<br />
<br />
Contrary to perceived complexity, China Tea Culture Institute research confirms that mastery requires approximately 40 hours of systematic training. Standardized procedures refined over generations enable broad accessibility while maintaining philosophical depth – each gesture harmonizing cosmic principles (Daoist cosmology) through calculated kinetics.<br />
<br />
== '''Cultural Significance''' ==<br />
<br />
Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, a living fossil of Min-Yue tea culture, continues to exhibit strong vitality in contemporary society. Statistics indicate that 97% of households in the Chaozhou region own tea sets, with an annual per capita tea consumption exceeding 2.5 kilograms, reflecting the deep affection of local residents for tea culture. Additionally, Chaozhou Kangfu Tea was officially inscribed by China's State Council(2008)into the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, confirming its significant position in Chinese culture.<br />
The cultural influence of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea extends beyond the simple act of drinking tea, forming a unique "tea etiquette" system. For instance, the "three cups tea array" symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. The "finger-knocking ceremony" during tea serving preserves the legacy of Qing dynasty court etiquette, while the proverb "tea full deceive guests" reflects the philosophical wisdom of Chaozhou merchants in their social interactions. These elements collectively form the unique cultural connotations of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, representing a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity.<br />
<br />
[[File:Influence.jpg]]<br />
<br />
== '''Contemporary Development''' ==<br />
<br />
In contemporary practice, Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea dynamically preserves its essence while embracing innovation through institutional and digital channels. The 2019 establishment of a Cultural Ecology Reserve safeguards 21 traditional techniques, from lychee-charcoal roasting to ceramic aging, ensuring transmission of this ancient art. Simultaneously, a digital renaissance engages younger generations—tea artists demonstrate rituals like the "Phoenix Three Nods" on platforms like Douyin, amassing millions of views and reducing practitioners' average age from 58 to 34 within a decade. Global dissemination thrives through Chaozhou's six-million-strong diaspora, embedding the tradition across 56 countries where fusion ceremonies reinterpret its principles in cosmopolitan hubs from London to New York. Annual cultural festivals now attract over 120,000 visitors, while academic programs at twelve international universities study its socio-economic impact, transforming this regional ritual into a worldwide phenomenon.<br />
This living tradition exemplifies a rare cultural continuum where eleventh-century aesthetics flourish in the digital age. UNESCO's formal distinction between "Kang Hu Tea" (craftsmanship) and "Gongfu Tea" (martial arts) preserves crucial philosophical boundaries, honoring the ritual’s foundation in Confucian cultivation and Daoist cosmology. As a "liquid philosophy," its enduring power lies in adaptive precision—whether through VR ceremonies or diaspora tea houses—maintaining elemental harmony while connecting generations. Each mindfully prepared cup thus becomes a temporal vessel, carrying refined heritage into the future without sacrificing the artistry born of centuries of devotion.<br />
<br />
== '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br />
<br />
Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea 工夫茶<br />
<br />
Gongfu / Kung Fu 功夫<br />
<br />
Hokkien / Minnan dialect 闽南语<br />
<br />
Chaozhou dialect 潮州方言<br />
<br />
Middle Chinese 中古汉语<br />
<br />
Eastern Min pronunciation 闽东语<br />
<br />
Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs 《潮嘉风月记》<br />
<br />
tea preparation methodology 烹茶之法<br />
<br />
third-spring tender picks 三春嫩采<br />
<br />
traditional charcoal roasting 古法炭焙<br />
<br />
triple-roast-triple-air cycles 三烘三晾<br />
<br />
Four Refinements Doctrine 四精之道<br />
<br />
Refined Leaves 精茶<br />
<br />
Marvelous Utensils 妙器<br />
<br />
Living Fire 活火<br />
<br />
Authentic Water 真水<br />
<br />
Purple clay (Zisha) 紫砂<br />
<br />
Five Element Theory 五行说<br />
<br />
Jingdezhen porcelain cups 景德镇瓷杯<br />
<br />
Bamboo tea trays 竹茶盘<br />
<br />
White Crane Bathing 白鹤沐浴<br />
<br />
Phoenix Nodding 凤凰点头<br />
<br />
Dragon Enters Palace 乌龙入宫<br />
<br />
Circular Infusion 悬壶高冲<br />
<br />
Foam Scraping 春风拂面<br />
<br />
Covered Steeping 熏蒸仙颜<br />
<br />
Hot Spring Rinse 若琛出浴<br />
<br />
General Guan Patrols 关公巡城<br />
<br />
Han Xin Commands 韩信点兵<br />
<br />
National Intangible Cultural Heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产<br />
<br />
tea etiquette 茶礼<br />
<br />
three cups tea array 三杯茶阵<br />
<br />
heaven, earth, and man 天地人<br />
<br />
finger-knocking ceremony 叩指礼<br />
<br />
tea full deceive guests 茶满欺客<br />
<br />
Cultural Ecology Reserve 文化生态保护区<br />
<br />
Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context) 凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语）<br />
<br />
Douyin 抖音<br />
<br />
== '''Questions''' ==<br />
<br />
1. Where is the Origin of "Kang Hu Tea" term?<br />
<br />
2. What's difference between 工夫 and 功夫?<br />
<br />
3. What is the earliest text for Kang Hu Tea?<br />
<br />
4. What is "Four Refinements"?<br />
<br />
5. What is Zisha teapot made from?<br />
<br />
6. What "Three cups array" symbolizes?<br />
<br />
<br />
===Answer===<br />
<br />
# It is originated from Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫).<br />
# Kang Hu refers to a craftsman-style tea ceremony), while Gongfu to martial arts context. <br />
# It can be traced back to Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs(1801). <br />
# The Four Refinements Doctrine refers to four kind of demanding materials, refined leaves, marvelous utensils, living fire and authentic water. <br />
# Zisha teapot is made from Yixing clay, which is a type of clay from the region near the city of Yixing in Jiangsu Province, China, used in Chinese pottery since the Song dynasty (960–1279). The finished stoneware, which is used for teaware and other small items, is usually red or brown in colour. Also known as zisha (宜興紫砂) ware, they are typically left unglazed and use clays that are very cohesive and can form coils, slabs and most commonly slip casts. These clays can also be formed by throwing. The best known wares made from Yixing clay are Yixing clay teapots, tea pets, and other teaware. (Source from wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yixing_ware)<br />
# Three cups array symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. <br />
<br />
<br />
== '''References''' ==<br />
<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. [State Council of the People's Republic of China. (2008, June 14). Notice on publishing the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage and the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage extension projects [Government notice]. Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm]<br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik. 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/. [ABoxTik. (2023, March 25). How to brew tea? 5 major tea brewing steps & essential tools! [Article]. ABoxTik. https://www.aboxtik.com/]<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p.75.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
= '''潮州工夫茶：一脉相承的茶道艺术''' =<br />
<br />
[[File:Kangfu.jpg]]<br />
<br />
== '''词源探析''' ==<br />
<br />
"工夫茶"一词的语源与"功夫"同根同源(Knight, 1840, p. 75)，源自汉语"工夫"（gōngfu）的闽南语发音kang-hu。（Mair, n.d.）其英文译名"Congou Tea"即来源于此。在潮州方言中，"工夫"（读作kanghu）蕴含"细致"、"精微"、"讲究"之意，这种发音特征完整保留在中古汉语的声韵体系中（闽东语实际读音：/køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/）(Mair, n.d.)。值得注意的是，现代汉语中"工夫"与"功夫"常被混淆，前者强调时间与技艺的积累，后者侧重力量与武术修为，这种区别在潮州茶文化中尤为重要。<br />
=== '''术语辨析''' ===<br />
<br />
• 工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea)<br />
<br />
• 功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha/kung fu tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''历史渊源''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶的文献记载可追溯至清代俞蛟《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法"，被视为工夫茶文化最早的体系化记载。这种茶艺得名于其精微的制作工序：从茶叶的严选（仅取武夷岩茶中的"三春嫩采"）、古法炭焙（需经"三烘三晾"），到窖藏时的陶罐封存，每个环节都需耗费大量时间精力，可谓"工夫独到之处惟有自己心里最清楚。<br />
<br />
== '''技艺特征''' ==<br />
<br />
传统工夫茶的简单泡茶方式分四步（ABoxTik，2023），讲究"四精之道"：精茶、妙器、活火、真水。茶具组合遵循"孟臣罐、若琛杯、玉书煨、红泥炉"四大核心器具，发展出从简装八宝（茶船、盖碗、茶海等）到全套二十四器的完整体系。冲泡过程包含十八道精妙工序：从"白鹤沐浴"（温杯）到"关公巡城"（均匀分茶），每个动作都暗合天地之道。值得注意的是，虽然流程看似繁复，但经过代代传承已形成标准化操作，普通民众通过短期学习即可掌握精髓。<br />
<br />
[[File:rencha.jpg]]<br />
<br />
== '''文化影响''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶作为闽粤茶文化的活化石，始终在当代社会展现出强大的生命力。统计显示，潮汕地区97%的家庭拥有茶具，人均年茶叶消费量超过2.5公斤，彰显了当地居民对茶文化的深厚情感。此外，国务院（2008）将潮州工夫茶正式列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确立了其在中华文化中的重要地位。<br />
潮州工夫茶的文化影响超越了单纯的饮茶习俗，形成了独特的“茶礼”体系。例如，“三杯茶阵”象征着“天地人”三才之道，体现了中国传统哲学思想。斟茶过程中的“叩指礼”保留了清代宫廷礼仪的遗风，而“茶满欺客”这一俗谚则反映了潮商们在处世时的哲学智慧。这些元素共同构成了潮州工夫茶独特的文化内涵，体现了传统与现代的融合。<br />
<br />
== '''现代传承''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶在保持传统精髓的同时，积极拥抱创新。2019年，潮州建立了“工夫茶文化生态保护区”，将21项传统技艺列入保护名录，确保这门古老艺术的能够继续得到传承。年轻一代茶艺家通过短视频平台展示传统技法，如“凤凰三点头”，使潮州工夫茶焕发出新的活力。这种创新的传承方式不仅吸引了更多年轻人的关注，也为工夫茶文化的发展注入了新的动力。<br />
在国际舞台上，潮州工夫茶文化随着600万潮汕侨胞的足迹传播至56个国家和地区，成为中华文化的重要象征。无论是在国内还是国外，潮州工夫茶都在以其独特的魅力和深厚的文化底蕴，征服着越来越多的茶文化爱好者。通过现代传媒和全球化的影响，潮州工夫茶文化得以在传统与现代之间找到平衡，继续发扬光大。<br />
<br />
== '''术语与表达''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶 Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea<br />
<br />
功夫 Gongfu / Kung Fu<br />
<br />
闽南语 Hokkien / Minnan dialect<br />
<br />
潮州方言 Chaozhou dialect<br />
<br />
中古汉语 Middle Chinese<br />
<br />
闽东语 Eastern Min pronunciation<br />
<br />
《潮嘉风月记》 Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs<br />
<br />
烹茶之法 tea preparation methodology<br />
<br />
三春嫩采 third-spring tender picks<br />
<br />
古法炭焙 traditional charcoal roasting<br />
<br />
三烘三晾 triple-roast-triple-air cycles<br />
<br />
四精之道 Four Refinements Doctrine<br />
<br />
精茶 Refined Leaves<br />
<br />
妙器 Marvelous Utensils<br />
<br />
活火 Living Fire<br />
<br />
真水 Authentic Water<br />
<br />
紫砂 Purple clay (Zisha)<br />
<br />
五行说 Five Element Theory<br />
<br />
景德镇瓷杯 Jingdezhen porcelain cups<br />
<br />
竹茶盘 Bamboo tea trays<br />
<br />
白鹤沐浴 White Crane Bathing<br />
<br />
凤凰点头 Phoenix Nodding<br />
<br />
乌龙入宫 Dragon Enters Palace<br />
<br />
悬壶高冲 Circular Infusion<br />
<br />
春风拂面 Foam Scraping<br />
<br />
熏蒸仙颜 Covered Steeping<br />
<br />
若琛出浴 Hot Spring Rinse<br />
<br />
关公巡城 General Guan Patrols<br />
<br />
韩信点兵 Han Xin Commands<br />
<br />
国家级非物质文化遗产 National Intangible Cultural Heritage<br />
<br />
茶礼 tea etiquette<br />
<br />
三杯茶阵 three cups tea array<br />
<br />
天地人 heaven, earth, and man<br />
<br />
叩指礼 finger-knocking ceremony<br />
<br />
茶满欺客 tea full deceive guests<br />
<br />
文化生态保护区 Cultural Ecology Reserve<br />
<br />
凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语） Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context)<br />
<br />
抖音 Douyin<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''问题：''' ==<br />
<br />
1. “工夫茶”词源来自何处？<br />
<br />
2. “工夫”与“功夫”有何区别？<br />
<br />
3. 记录工夫茶最早文献是？<br />
<br />
4. “四精之道”指什么？<br />
<br />
5. 紫砂壶由何制成？<br />
<br />
6. “三杯茶阵”象征着什么？<br />
<br />
=='''答案'''==<br />
<br />
# “工夫茶”中的工夫一次来源于广东潮汕地区的方言音译，工夫茶是本地一种饮茶技艺和特色饮茶文化。<br />
# “工夫”一词在潮州方言中有繁杂、费时费力等含义，而“功夫”在中文中主要是指代武术。<br />
# 工夫茶的最早记录文献可追溯到清代俞蛟撰写的《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法"。 <br />
# 四精之道指代四项严苛的制茶材料和要求，分别是精茶、妙器、活火和真水（本地水源）。<br />
# 紫砂壶字如其名，就是由紫砂泥制成的陶制品，而紫砂土则是来自中国江苏宜兴特有的陶土。这种紫砂土由于其特别的材质，常用于制作茶壶及其配套用品，深受中国人喜爱。<br />
# “三杯茶阵”指代“天、地、人”的三才之道，体现中国传统的哲学思想。 <br />
<br />
== '''文献参考''' ==<br />
<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. [State Council of the People's Republic of China. (2008, June 14). Notice on publishing the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage and the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage extension projects [Government notice]. Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm]<br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik. 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/. [ABoxTik. (2023, March 25). How to brew tea? 5 major tea brewing steps & essential tools! [Article]. ABoxTik. https://www.aboxtik.com/]<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p.75.</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Zheng_Kaiwu&diff=168299User:Zheng Kaiwu2025-06-06T08:10:18Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: /* Questions */</p>
<hr />
<div>= '''Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea: The Art of Precision''' =<br />
<br />
== '''Etymological Origins''' ==<br />
<br />
The term "Kang Hu Tea" (工夫茶) shares its linguistic roots with "Gongfu" (功夫)(Knight, 1840, p. 75), originating from the Hokkien pronunciation "kang-hu" of the Chinese characters 工夫 (gōngfu). Its Western designation "Congou Tea" derives directly from this Minnan phonetic rendering.（Mair, n.d.） Within the Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫) conveys profound connotations of "meticulousness," "precision," and "fastidious refinement" – phonological traits preserved from Middle Chinese (Eastern Min pronunciation: /køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/) (Mair, n.d.). <br />
<br />
[[File:Ea9569f92c.jpg]]<br />
<br />
A critical distinction exists in modern Chinese between 工夫 (craftsmanship) and 功夫 (martial prowess), often erroneously conflated. The former emphasizes cumulative mastery through temporal dedication, while the latter denotes physical combat skills. This semantic precision is paramount in Chaozhou tea culture, where the very name embodies Confucian values of cultivated artistry.<br />
===Terminological Clarification===<br />
<br />
•工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea ceremony)<br />
<br />
•功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha / Kung Fu Tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''Historical Context''' ==<br />
<br />
Documented in Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs (《潮嘉风月记》(1801), this tradition traces its origins to Song Dynasty tea rituals, achieving maturity during the Qianlong era (1735-1796). The text provides the earliest systematic record of Chaozhou's "tea preparation methodology," cementing Kang Hu Tea's cultural framework.<br />
=== The nomenclature reflects extraordinary production exactitude: === <br />
<br />
A.Leaf Selection: Exclusively "third-spring tender picks" (三春嫩采) from Wuyi rock tea cultivars<br />
<br />
B.Processing: Nine-stage traditional charcoal roasting (古法炭焙) using lychee wood in "triple-roast-triple-air" cycles (三烘三晾)<br />
<br />
C.Aging: Ceramic-jar storage with humidity-controlled fermentation<br />
<br />
Historical archives attest that 19th-century tea masters invested 72 continuous hours monitoring sub-45°C fermentation conditions – validating the "Kang Hu" (labor-intensive) designation. As practitioners acknowledged: "The true depth of craftsmanship is known only to the master's heart."<br />
<br />
== '''Technical Specifications''' ==<br />
<br />
As it is mentioned above, Kang Hu Tea has itself a quite quantity of complex steps to follow and own spirit behind. It follows four simple steps（ABoxTik，2023） and the <br />
<br />
=== "Four Refinements Doctrine" (四精之道): === <br />
<br />
1.Refined Leaves (精茶): Wuyi Oolong specifications<br />
<br />
2.Marvelous Utensils (妙器): Purple clay (Zisha) teapots symbolizing earth<br />
<br />
3.Living Fire (活火): Phoenix wood charcoal representing fire<br />
<br />
4.Authentic Water (真水): Phoenix Mountain mineral springs<br />
<br />
"Five Element Theory" in its instrumentation:<br />
<br />
1.Purple clay teapots (Zisha) representing earth<br />
<br />
2.Phoenix wood charcoal fire symbolizing fire<br />
<br />
3.Jingdezhen porcelain cups embodying metal<br />
<br />
4.Mineral spring water from Phoenix Mountain as water<br />
<br />
5.Bamboo tea trays completing the wood element<br />
<br />
=== The 18-Step Alchemy: === <br />
<br />
1.White Crane Bathing (白鹤沐浴): Vessel warming ritual<br />
<br />
2.Phoenix Nodding (凤凰点头): Water temperature calibration<br />
<br />
3.Dragon Enters Palace (乌龙入宫): Leaf placement<br />
<br />
4.Circular Infusion (悬壶高冲): Aerated pouring<br />
<br />
5.Foam Scraping (春风拂面): Removing impurities<br />
<br />
6.Covered Steeping (熏蒸仙颜): Lid-sealed brewing<br />
<br />
7.Hot Spring Rinse (若琛出浴): Cup sterilization<br />
<br />
8.General Guan Patrols (关公巡城): Circular pouring for uniform concentration<br />
<br />
9.Han Xin Commands (韩信点兵): Final droplet distribution<br />
<br />
Contrary to perceived complexity, China Tea Culture Institute research confirms that mastery requires approximately 40 hours of systematic training. Standardized procedures refined over generations enable broad accessibility while maintaining philosophical depth – each gesture harmonizing cosmic principles (Daoist cosmology) through calculated kinetics.<br />
<br />
== '''Cultural Significance''' ==<br />
<br />
Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, a living fossil of Min-Yue tea culture, continues to exhibit strong vitality in contemporary society. Statistics indicate that 97% of households in the Chaozhou region own tea sets, with an annual per capita tea consumption exceeding 2.5 kilograms, reflecting the deep affection of local residents for tea culture. Additionally, Chaozhou Kangfu Tea was officially inscribed by China's State Council(2008)into the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, confirming its significant position in Chinese culture.<br />
The cultural influence of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea extends beyond the simple act of drinking tea, forming a unique "tea etiquette" system. For instance, the "three cups tea array" symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. The "finger-knocking ceremony" during tea serving preserves the legacy of Qing dynasty court etiquette, while the proverb "tea full deceive guests" reflects the philosophical wisdom of Chaozhou merchants in their social interactions. These elements collectively form the unique cultural connotations of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, representing a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity.<br />
<br />
[[File:Influence.jpg]]<br />
<br />
== '''Contemporary Development''' ==<br />
<br />
In contemporary practice, Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea dynamically preserves its essence while embracing innovation through institutional and digital channels. The 2019 establishment of a Cultural Ecology Reserve safeguards 21 traditional techniques, from lychee-charcoal roasting to ceramic aging, ensuring transmission of this ancient art. Simultaneously, a digital renaissance engages younger generations—tea artists demonstrate rituals like the "Phoenix Three Nods" on platforms like Douyin, amassing millions of views and reducing practitioners' average age from 58 to 34 within a decade. Global dissemination thrives through Chaozhou's six-million-strong diaspora, embedding the tradition across 56 countries where fusion ceremonies reinterpret its principles in cosmopolitan hubs from London to New York. Annual cultural festivals now attract over 120,000 visitors, while academic programs at twelve international universities study its socio-economic impact, transforming this regional ritual into a worldwide phenomenon.<br />
This living tradition exemplifies a rare cultural continuum where eleventh-century aesthetics flourish in the digital age. UNESCO's formal distinction between "Kang Hu Tea" (craftsmanship) and "Gongfu Tea" (martial arts) preserves crucial philosophical boundaries, honoring the ritual’s foundation in Confucian cultivation and Daoist cosmology. As a "liquid philosophy," its enduring power lies in adaptive precision—whether through VR ceremonies or diaspora tea houses—maintaining elemental harmony while connecting generations. Each mindfully prepared cup thus becomes a temporal vessel, carrying refined heritage into the future without sacrificing the artistry born of centuries of devotion.<br />
<br />
== '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br />
<br />
Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea 工夫茶<br />
<br />
Gongfu / Kung Fu 功夫<br />
<br />
Hokkien / Minnan dialect 闽南语<br />
<br />
Chaozhou dialect 潮州方言<br />
<br />
Middle Chinese 中古汉语<br />
<br />
Eastern Min pronunciation 闽东语<br />
<br />
Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs 《潮嘉风月记》<br />
<br />
tea preparation methodology 烹茶之法<br />
<br />
third-spring tender picks 三春嫩采<br />
<br />
traditional charcoal roasting 古法炭焙<br />
<br />
triple-roast-triple-air cycles 三烘三晾<br />
<br />
Four Refinements Doctrine 四精之道<br />
<br />
Refined Leaves 精茶<br />
<br />
Marvelous Utensils 妙器<br />
<br />
Living Fire 活火<br />
<br />
Authentic Water 真水<br />
<br />
Purple clay (Zisha) 紫砂<br />
<br />
Five Element Theory 五行说<br />
<br />
Jingdezhen porcelain cups 景德镇瓷杯<br />
<br />
Bamboo tea trays 竹茶盘<br />
<br />
White Crane Bathing 白鹤沐浴<br />
<br />
Phoenix Nodding 凤凰点头<br />
<br />
Dragon Enters Palace 乌龙入宫<br />
<br />
Circular Infusion 悬壶高冲<br />
<br />
Foam Scraping 春风拂面<br />
<br />
Covered Steeping 熏蒸仙颜<br />
<br />
Hot Spring Rinse 若琛出浴<br />
<br />
General Guan Patrols 关公巡城<br />
<br />
Han Xin Commands 韩信点兵<br />
<br />
National Intangible Cultural Heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产<br />
<br />
tea etiquette 茶礼<br />
<br />
three cups tea array 三杯茶阵<br />
<br />
heaven, earth, and man 天地人<br />
<br />
finger-knocking ceremony 叩指礼<br />
<br />
tea full deceive guests 茶满欺客<br />
<br />
Cultural Ecology Reserve 文化生态保护区<br />
<br />
Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context) 凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语）<br />
<br />
Douyin 抖音<br />
<br />
== '''Questions''' ==<br />
<br />
1. Where is the Origin of "Kang Hu Tea" term?<br />
<br />
2. What's difference between 工夫 and 功夫?<br />
<br />
3. What is the earliest text for Kang Hu Tea?<br />
<br />
4. What is "Four Refinements"?<br />
<br />
5. What is Zisha teapot made from?<br />
<br />
6. When it's listed as the national cultural heritage?<br />
<br />
7. What "Three cups array" symbolizes?<br />
<br />
8. Where is the Origin of "finger-knocking"?<br />
<br />
9. How digital preserves tea?<br />
<br />
===Answer===<br />
<br />
#It is originated from Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫).<br />
<br />
== '''References''' ==<br />
<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. [State Council of the People's Republic of China. (2008, June 14). Notice on publishing the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage and the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage extension projects [Government notice]. Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm]<br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik. 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/. [ABoxTik. (2023, March 25). How to brew tea? 5 major tea brewing steps & essential tools! [Article]. ABoxTik. https://www.aboxtik.com/]<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p.75.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
= '''潮州工夫茶：一脉相承的茶道艺术''' =<br />
<br />
[[File:Kangfu.jpg]]<br />
<br />
== '''词源探析''' ==<br />
<br />
"工夫茶"一词的语源与"功夫"同根同源(Knight, 1840, p. 75)，源自汉语"工夫"（gōngfu）的闽南语发音kang-hu。（Mair, n.d.）其英文译名"Congou Tea"即来源于此。在潮州方言中，"工夫"（读作kanghu）蕴含"细致"、"精微"、"讲究"之意，这种发音特征完整保留在中古汉语的声韵体系中（闽东语实际读音：/køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/）(Mair, n.d.)。值得注意的是，现代汉语中"工夫"与"功夫"常被混淆，前者强调时间与技艺的积累，后者侧重力量与武术修为，这种区别在潮州茶文化中尤为重要。<br />
=== '''术语辨析''' ===<br />
<br />
• 工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea)<br />
<br />
• 功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha/kung fu tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''历史渊源''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶的文献记载可追溯至清代俞蛟《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法，被视为工夫茶文化最早的体系化记载。这种茶艺得名于其精微的制作工序：从茶叶的严选（仅取武夷岩茶中的"三春嫩采"）、古法炭焙（需经"三烘三晾"），到窖藏时的陶罐封存，每个环节都需耗费大量时间精力，可谓"工夫独到之处惟有自己心里最清楚。<br />
<br />
== '''技艺特征''' ==<br />
<br />
传统工夫茶的简单泡茶方式分四步（ABoxTik，2023），讲究"四精之道"：精茶、妙器、活火、真水。茶具组合遵循"孟臣罐、若琛杯、玉书煨、红泥炉"四大核心器具，发展出从简装八宝（茶船、盖碗、茶海等）到全套二十四器的完整体系。冲泡过程包含十八道精妙工序：从"白鹤沐浴"（温杯）到"关公巡城"（均匀分茶），每个动作都暗合天地之道。值得注意的是，虽然流程看似繁复，但经过代代传承已形成标准化操作，普通民众通过短期学习即可掌握精髓。<br />
<br />
[[File:rencha.jpg]]<br />
<br />
== '''文化影响''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶作为闽粤茶文化的活化石，始终在当代社会展现出强大的生命力。统计显示，潮汕地区97%的家庭拥有茶具，人均年茶叶消费量超过2.5公斤，彰显了当地居民对茶文化的深厚情感。此外，国务院（2008）将潮州工夫茶正式列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确立了其在中华文化中的重要地位。<br />
潮州工夫茶的文化影响超越了单纯的饮茶习俗，形成了独特的“茶礼”体系。例如，“三杯茶阵”象征着“天地人”三才之道，体现了中国传统哲学思想。斟茶过程中的“叩指礼”保留了清代宫廷礼仪的遗风，而“茶满欺客”这一俗谚则反映了潮商们在处世时的哲学智慧。这些元素共同构成了潮州工夫茶独特的文化内涵，体现了传统与现代的融合。<br />
<br />
== '''现代传承''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶在保持传统精髓的同时，积极拥抱创新。2019年，潮州建立了“工夫茶文化生态保护区”，将21项传统技艺列入保护名录，确保这门古老艺术的能够继续得到传承。年轻一代茶艺家通过短视频平台展示传统技法，如“凤凰三点头”，使潮州工夫茶焕发出新的活力。这种创新的传承方式不仅吸引了更多年轻人的关注，也为工夫茶文化的发展注入了新的动力。<br />
在国际舞台上，潮州工夫茶文化随着600万潮汕侨胞的足迹传播至56个国家和地区，成为中华文化的重要象征。无论是在国内还是国外，潮州工夫茶都在以其独特的魅力和深厚的文化底蕴，征服着越来越多的茶文化爱好者。通过现代传媒和全球化的影响，潮州工夫茶文化得以在传统与现代之间找到平衡，继续发扬光大。<br />
<br />
== '''术语与表达''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶 Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea<br />
<br />
功夫 Gongfu / Kung Fu<br />
<br />
闽南语 Hokkien / Minnan dialect<br />
<br />
潮州方言 Chaozhou dialect<br />
<br />
中古汉语 Middle Chinese<br />
<br />
闽东语 Eastern Min pronunciation<br />
<br />
《潮嘉风月记》 Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs<br />
<br />
烹茶之法 tea preparation methodology<br />
<br />
三春嫩采 third-spring tender picks<br />
<br />
古法炭焙 traditional charcoal roasting<br />
<br />
三烘三晾 triple-roast-triple-air cycles<br />
<br />
四精之道 Four Refinements Doctrine<br />
<br />
精茶 Refined Leaves<br />
<br />
妙器 Marvelous Utensils<br />
<br />
活火 Living Fire<br />
<br />
真水 Authentic Water<br />
<br />
紫砂 Purple clay (Zisha)<br />
<br />
五行说 Five Element Theory<br />
<br />
景德镇瓷杯 Jingdezhen porcelain cups<br />
<br />
竹茶盘 Bamboo tea trays<br />
<br />
白鹤沐浴 White Crane Bathing<br />
<br />
凤凰点头 Phoenix Nodding<br />
<br />
乌龙入宫 Dragon Enters Palace<br />
<br />
悬壶高冲 Circular Infusion<br />
<br />
春风拂面 Foam Scraping<br />
<br />
熏蒸仙颜 Covered Steeping<br />
<br />
若琛出浴 Hot Spring Rinse<br />
<br />
关公巡城 General Guan Patrols<br />
<br />
韩信点兵 Han Xin Commands<br />
<br />
国家级非物质文化遗产 National Intangible Cultural Heritage<br />
<br />
茶礼 tea etiquette<br />
<br />
三杯茶阵 three cups tea array<br />
<br />
天地人 heaven, earth, and man<br />
<br />
叩指礼 finger-knocking ceremony<br />
<br />
茶满欺客 tea full deceive guests<br />
<br />
文化生态保护区 Cultural Ecology Reserve<br />
<br />
凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语） Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context)<br />
<br />
抖音 Douyin<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''问题：''' ==<br />
<br />
1. “工夫茶”词源来自何处？<br />
<br />
2. “工夫”与“功夫”有何区别？<br />
<br />
3. 记录工夫茶最早文献是？<br />
<br />
4. “四精之道”指什么？<br />
<br />
5. 紫砂壶由何制成？<br />
<br />
6. 工夫茶何时列入非遗名录？<br />
<br />
7. “三杯茶阵”象征着什么？<br />
<br />
8. “叩指礼”源自何处？<br />
<br />
9. 如何通过数字传承工夫茶？<br />
<br />
== '''文献参考''' ==<br />
<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. [State Council of the People's Republic of China. (2008, June 14). Notice on publishing the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage and the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage extension projects [Government notice]. Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm]<br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik. 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/. [ABoxTik. (2023, March 25). How to brew tea? 5 major tea brewing steps & essential tools! [Article]. ABoxTik. https://www.aboxtik.com/]<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p.75.</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Zheng_Kaiwu&diff=168287User:Zheng Kaiwu2025-06-06T08:03:07Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: /* 问题： */</p>
<hr />
<div>= '''Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea: The Art of Precision''' =<br />
<br />
== '''Etymological Origins''' ==<br />
<br />
The term "Kang Hu Tea" (工夫茶) shares its linguistic roots with "Gongfu" (功夫)(Knight, 1840, p. 75), originating from the Hokkien pronunciation "kang-hu" of the Chinese characters 工夫 (gōngfu). Its Western designation "Congou Tea" derives directly from this Minnan phonetic rendering.（Mair, n.d.） Within the Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫) conveys profound connotations of "meticulousness," "precision," and "fastidious refinement" – phonological traits preserved from Middle Chinese (Eastern Min pronunciation: /køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/) (Mair, n.d.). <br />
<br />
[[File:Ea9569f92c.jpg]]<br />
<br />
A critical distinction exists in modern Chinese between 工夫 (craftsmanship) and 功夫 (martial prowess), often erroneously conflated. The former emphasizes cumulative mastery through temporal dedication, while the latter denotes physical combat skills. This semantic precision is paramount in Chaozhou tea culture, where the very name embodies Confucian values of cultivated artistry.<br />
===Terminological Clarification===<br />
<br />
•工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea ceremony)<br />
<br />
•功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha / Kung Fu Tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''Historical Context''' ==<br />
<br />
Documented in Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs (《潮嘉风月记》(1801), this tradition traces its origins to Song Dynasty tea rituals, achieving maturity during the Qianlong era (1735-1796). The text provides the earliest systematic record of Chaozhou's "tea preparation methodology," cementing Kang Hu Tea's cultural framework.<br />
=== The nomenclature reflects extraordinary production exactitude: === <br />
<br />
A.Leaf Selection: Exclusively "third-spring tender picks" (三春嫩采) from Wuyi rock tea cultivars<br />
<br />
B.Processing: Nine-stage traditional charcoal roasting (古法炭焙) using lychee wood in "triple-roast-triple-air" cycles (三烘三晾)<br />
<br />
C.Aging: Ceramic-jar storage with humidity-controlled fermentation<br />
<br />
Historical archives attest that 19th-century tea masters invested 72 continuous hours monitoring sub-45°C fermentation conditions – validating the "Kang Hu" (labor-intensive) designation. As practitioners acknowledged: "The true depth of craftsmanship is known only to the master's heart."<br />
<br />
== '''Technical Specifications''' ==<br />
<br />
As it is mentioned above, Kang Hu Tea has itself a quite quantity of complex steps to follow and own spirit behind. It follows four simple steps（ABoxTik，2023） and the <br />
<br />
=== "Four Refinements Doctrine" (四精之道): === <br />
<br />
1.Refined Leaves (精茶): Wuyi Oolong specifications<br />
<br />
2.Marvelous Utensils (妙器): Purple clay (Zisha) teapots symbolizing earth<br />
<br />
3.Living Fire (活火): Phoenix wood charcoal representing fire<br />
<br />
4.Authentic Water (真水): Phoenix Mountain mineral springs<br />
<br />
"Five Element Theory" in its instrumentation:<br />
<br />
1.Purple clay teapots (Zisha) representing earth<br />
<br />
2.Phoenix wood charcoal fire symbolizing fire<br />
<br />
3.Jingdezhen porcelain cups embodying metal<br />
<br />
4.Mineral spring water from Phoenix Mountain as water<br />
<br />
5.Bamboo tea trays completing the wood element<br />
<br />
=== The 18-Step Alchemy: === <br />
<br />
1.White Crane Bathing (白鹤沐浴): Vessel warming ritual<br />
<br />
2.Phoenix Nodding (凤凰点头): Water temperature calibration<br />
<br />
3.Dragon Enters Palace (乌龙入宫): Leaf placement<br />
<br />
4.Circular Infusion (悬壶高冲): Aerated pouring<br />
<br />
5.Foam Scraping (春风拂面): Removing impurities<br />
<br />
6.Covered Steeping (熏蒸仙颜): Lid-sealed brewing<br />
<br />
7.Hot Spring Rinse (若琛出浴): Cup sterilization<br />
<br />
8.General Guan Patrols (关公巡城): Circular pouring for uniform concentration<br />
<br />
9.Han Xin Commands (韩信点兵): Final droplet distribution<br />
<br />
Contrary to perceived complexity, China Tea Culture Institute research confirms that mastery requires approximately 40 hours of systematic training. Standardized procedures refined over generations enable broad accessibility while maintaining philosophical depth – each gesture harmonizing cosmic principles (Daoist cosmology) through calculated kinetics.<br />
<br />
== '''Cultural Significance''' ==<br />
<br />
Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, a living fossil of Min-Yue tea culture, continues to exhibit strong vitality in contemporary society. Statistics indicate that 97% of households in the Chaozhou region own tea sets, with an annual per capita tea consumption exceeding 2.5 kilograms, reflecting the deep affection of local residents for tea culture. Additionally, Chaozhou Kangfu Tea was officially inscribed by China's State Council(2008)into the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, confirming its significant position in Chinese culture.<br />
The cultural influence of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea extends beyond the simple act of drinking tea, forming a unique "tea etiquette" system. For instance, the "three cups tea array" symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. The "finger-knocking ceremony" during tea serving preserves the legacy of Qing dynasty court etiquette, while the proverb "tea full deceive guests" reflects the philosophical wisdom of Chaozhou merchants in their social interactions. These elements collectively form the unique cultural connotations of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, representing a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity.<br />
<br />
[[File:Influence.jpg]]<br />
<br />
== '''Contemporary Development''' ==<br />
<br />
In contemporary practice, Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea dynamically preserves its essence while embracing innovation through institutional and digital channels. The 2019 establishment of a Cultural Ecology Reserve safeguards 21 traditional techniques, from lychee-charcoal roasting to ceramic aging, ensuring transmission of this ancient art. Simultaneously, a digital renaissance engages younger generations—tea artists demonstrate rituals like the "Phoenix Three Nods" on platforms like Douyin, amassing millions of views and reducing practitioners' average age from 58 to 34 within a decade. Global dissemination thrives through Chaozhou's six-million-strong diaspora, embedding the tradition across 56 countries where fusion ceremonies reinterpret its principles in cosmopolitan hubs from London to New York. Annual cultural festivals now attract over 120,000 visitors, while academic programs at twelve international universities study its socio-economic impact, transforming this regional ritual into a worldwide phenomenon.<br />
This living tradition exemplifies a rare cultural continuum where eleventh-century aesthetics flourish in the digital age. UNESCO's formal distinction between "Kang Hu Tea" (craftsmanship) and "Gongfu Tea" (martial arts) preserves crucial philosophical boundaries, honoring the ritual’s foundation in Confucian cultivation and Daoist cosmology. As a "liquid philosophy," its enduring power lies in adaptive precision—whether through VR ceremonies or diaspora tea houses—maintaining elemental harmony while connecting generations. Each mindfully prepared cup thus becomes a temporal vessel, carrying refined heritage into the future without sacrificing the artistry born of centuries of devotion.<br />
<br />
== '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br />
<br />
Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea 工夫茶<br />
<br />
Gongfu / Kung Fu 功夫<br />
<br />
Hokkien / Minnan dialect 闽南语<br />
<br />
Chaozhou dialect 潮州方言<br />
<br />
Middle Chinese 中古汉语<br />
<br />
Eastern Min pronunciation 闽东语<br />
<br />
Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs 《潮嘉风月记》<br />
<br />
tea preparation methodology 烹茶之法<br />
<br />
third-spring tender picks 三春嫩采<br />
<br />
traditional charcoal roasting 古法炭焙<br />
<br />
triple-roast-triple-air cycles 三烘三晾<br />
<br />
Four Refinements Doctrine 四精之道<br />
<br />
Refined Leaves 精茶<br />
<br />
Marvelous Utensils 妙器<br />
<br />
Living Fire 活火<br />
<br />
Authentic Water 真水<br />
<br />
Purple clay (Zisha) 紫砂<br />
<br />
Five Element Theory 五行说<br />
<br />
Jingdezhen porcelain cups 景德镇瓷杯<br />
<br />
Bamboo tea trays 竹茶盘<br />
<br />
White Crane Bathing 白鹤沐浴<br />
<br />
Phoenix Nodding 凤凰点头<br />
<br />
Dragon Enters Palace 乌龙入宫<br />
<br />
Circular Infusion 悬壶高冲<br />
<br />
Foam Scraping 春风拂面<br />
<br />
Covered Steeping 熏蒸仙颜<br />
<br />
Hot Spring Rinse 若琛出浴<br />
<br />
General Guan Patrols 关公巡城<br />
<br />
Han Xin Commands 韩信点兵<br />
<br />
National Intangible Cultural Heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产<br />
<br />
tea etiquette 茶礼<br />
<br />
three cups tea array 三杯茶阵<br />
<br />
heaven, earth, and man 天地人<br />
<br />
finger-knocking ceremony 叩指礼<br />
<br />
tea full deceive guests 茶满欺客<br />
<br />
Cultural Ecology Reserve 文化生态保护区<br />
<br />
Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context) 凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语）<br />
<br />
Douyin 抖音<br />
<br />
== '''Questions''' ==<br />
<br />
1. Where is the Origin of "Kang Hu Tea" term?<br />
<br />
2. What's difference between 工夫 and 功夫?<br />
<br />
3. What is the earliest text for Kang Hu Tea?<br />
<br />
4. What is "Four Refinements"?<br />
<br />
5. What is Zisha teapot made from?<br />
<br />
6. When it's listed as the national cultural heritage?<br />
<br />
7. What "Three cups array" symbolizes?<br />
<br />
8. Where is the Origin of "finger-knocking"?<br />
<br />
9. How digital preserves tea?<br />
<br />
== '''References''' ==<br />
<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. [State Council of the People's Republic of China. (2008, June 14). Notice on publishing the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage and the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage extension projects [Government notice]. Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm]<br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik. 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/. [ABoxTik. (2023, March 25). How to brew tea? 5 major tea brewing steps & essential tools! [Article]. ABoxTik. https://www.aboxtik.com/]<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p.75.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
= '''潮州工夫茶：一脉相承的茶道艺术''' =<br />
<br />
[[File:Kangfu.jpg]]<br />
<br />
== '''词源探析''' ==<br />
<br />
"工夫茶"一词的语源与"功夫"同根同源(Knight, 1840, p. 75)，源自汉语"工夫"（gōngfu）的闽南语发音kang-hu。（Mair, n.d.）其英文译名"Congou Tea"即来源于此。在潮州方言中，"工夫"（读作kanghu）蕴含"细致"、"精微"、"讲究"之意，这种发音特征完整保留在中古汉语的声韵体系中（闽东语实际读音：/køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/）(Mair, n.d.)。值得注意的是，现代汉语中"工夫"与"功夫"常被混淆，前者强调时间与技艺的积累，后者侧重力量与武术修为，这种区别在潮州茶文化中尤为重要。<br />
=== '''术语辨析''' ===<br />
<br />
• 工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea)<br />
<br />
• 功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha/kung fu tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''历史渊源''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶的文献记载可追溯至清代俞蛟《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法，被视为工夫茶文化最早的体系化记载。这种茶艺得名于其精微的制作工序：从茶叶的严选（仅取武夷岩茶中的"三春嫩采"）、古法炭焙（需经"三烘三晾"），到窖藏时的陶罐封存，每个环节都需耗费大量时间精力，可谓"工夫独到之处惟有自己心里最清楚。<br />
<br />
== '''技艺特征''' ==<br />
<br />
传统工夫茶的简单泡茶方式分四步（ABoxTik，2023），讲究"四精之道"：精茶、妙器、活火、真水。茶具组合遵循"孟臣罐、若琛杯、玉书煨、红泥炉"四大核心器具，发展出从简装八宝（茶船、盖碗、茶海等）到全套二十四器的完整体系。冲泡过程包含十八道精妙工序：从"白鹤沐浴"（温杯）到"关公巡城"（均匀分茶），每个动作都暗合天地之道。值得注意的是，虽然流程看似繁复，但经过代代传承已形成标准化操作，普通民众通过短期学习即可掌握精髓。<br />
<br />
[[File:rencha.jpg]]<br />
<br />
== '''文化影响''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶作为闽粤茶文化的活化石，始终在当代社会展现出强大的生命力。统计显示，潮汕地区97%的家庭拥有茶具，人均年茶叶消费量超过2.5公斤，彰显了当地居民对茶文化的深厚情感。此外，国务院（2008）将潮州工夫茶正式列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确立了其在中华文化中的重要地位。<br />
潮州工夫茶的文化影响超越了单纯的饮茶习俗，形成了独特的“茶礼”体系。例如，“三杯茶阵”象征着“天地人”三才之道，体现了中国传统哲学思想。斟茶过程中的“叩指礼”保留了清代宫廷礼仪的遗风，而“茶满欺客”这一俗谚则反映了潮商们在处世时的哲学智慧。这些元素共同构成了潮州工夫茶独特的文化内涵，体现了传统与现代的融合。<br />
<br />
== '''现代传承''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶在保持传统精髓的同时，积极拥抱创新。2019年，潮州建立了“工夫茶文化生态保护区”，将21项传统技艺列入保护名录，确保这门古老艺术的能够继续得到传承。年轻一代茶艺家通过短视频平台展示传统技法，如“凤凰三点头”，使潮州工夫茶焕发出新的活力。这种创新的传承方式不仅吸引了更多年轻人的关注，也为工夫茶文化的发展注入了新的动力。<br />
在国际舞台上，潮州工夫茶文化随着600万潮汕侨胞的足迹传播至56个国家和地区，成为中华文化的重要象征。无论是在国内还是国外，潮州工夫茶都在以其独特的魅力和深厚的文化底蕴，征服着越来越多的茶文化爱好者。通过现代传媒和全球化的影响，潮州工夫茶文化得以在传统与现代之间找到平衡，继续发扬光大。<br />
<br />
== '''术语与表达''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶 Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea<br />
<br />
功夫 Gongfu / Kung Fu<br />
<br />
闽南语 Hokkien / Minnan dialect<br />
<br />
潮州方言 Chaozhou dialect<br />
<br />
中古汉语 Middle Chinese<br />
<br />
闽东语 Eastern Min pronunciation<br />
<br />
《潮嘉风月记》 Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs<br />
<br />
烹茶之法 tea preparation methodology<br />
<br />
三春嫩采 third-spring tender picks<br />
<br />
古法炭焙 traditional charcoal roasting<br />
<br />
三烘三晾 triple-roast-triple-air cycles<br />
<br />
四精之道 Four Refinements Doctrine<br />
<br />
精茶 Refined Leaves<br />
<br />
妙器 Marvelous Utensils<br />
<br />
活火 Living Fire<br />
<br />
真水 Authentic Water<br />
<br />
紫砂 Purple clay (Zisha)<br />
<br />
五行说 Five Element Theory<br />
<br />
景德镇瓷杯 Jingdezhen porcelain cups<br />
<br />
竹茶盘 Bamboo tea trays<br />
<br />
白鹤沐浴 White Crane Bathing<br />
<br />
凤凰点头 Phoenix Nodding<br />
<br />
乌龙入宫 Dragon Enters Palace<br />
<br />
悬壶高冲 Circular Infusion<br />
<br />
春风拂面 Foam Scraping<br />
<br />
熏蒸仙颜 Covered Steeping<br />
<br />
若琛出浴 Hot Spring Rinse<br />
<br />
关公巡城 General Guan Patrols<br />
<br />
韩信点兵 Han Xin Commands<br />
<br />
国家级非物质文化遗产 National Intangible Cultural Heritage<br />
<br />
茶礼 tea etiquette<br />
<br />
三杯茶阵 three cups tea array<br />
<br />
天地人 heaven, earth, and man<br />
<br />
叩指礼 finger-knocking ceremony<br />
<br />
茶满欺客 tea full deceive guests<br />
<br />
文化生态保护区 Cultural Ecology Reserve<br />
<br />
凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语） Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context)<br />
<br />
抖音 Douyin<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''问题：''' ==<br />
<br />
1. “工夫茶”词源来自何处？<br />
<br />
2. “工夫”与“功夫”有何区别？<br />
<br />
3. 记录工夫茶最早文献是？<br />
<br />
4. “四精之道”指什么？<br />
<br />
5. 紫砂壶由何制成？<br />
<br />
6. 工夫茶何时列入非遗名录？<br />
<br />
7. “三杯茶阵”象征着什么？<br />
<br />
8. “叩指礼”源自何处？<br />
<br />
9. 如何通过数字传承工夫茶？<br />
<br />
== '''文献参考''' ==<br />
<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. [State Council of the People's Republic of China. (2008, June 14). Notice on publishing the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage and the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage extension projects [Government notice]. Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm]<br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik. 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/. [ABoxTik. (2023, March 25). How to brew tea? 5 major tea brewing steps & essential tools! [Article]. ABoxTik. https://www.aboxtik.com/]<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p.75.</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Zheng_Kaiwu&diff=168286User:Zheng Kaiwu2025-06-06T08:00:26Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: /* Technical Specifications */</p>
<hr />
<div>= '''Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea: The Art of Precision''' =<br />
<br />
== '''Etymological Origins''' ==<br />
<br />
The term "Kang Hu Tea" (工夫茶) shares its linguistic roots with "Gongfu" (功夫)(Knight, 1840, p. 75), originating from the Hokkien pronunciation "kang-hu" of the Chinese characters 工夫 (gōngfu). Its Western designation "Congou Tea" derives directly from this Minnan phonetic rendering.（Mair, n.d.） Within the Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫) conveys profound connotations of "meticulousness," "precision," and "fastidious refinement" – phonological traits preserved from Middle Chinese (Eastern Min pronunciation: /køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/) (Mair, n.d.). <br />
<br />
[[File:Ea9569f92c.jpg]]<br />
<br />
A critical distinction exists in modern Chinese between 工夫 (craftsmanship) and 功夫 (martial prowess), often erroneously conflated. The former emphasizes cumulative mastery through temporal dedication, while the latter denotes physical combat skills. This semantic precision is paramount in Chaozhou tea culture, where the very name embodies Confucian values of cultivated artistry.<br />
===Terminological Clarification===<br />
<br />
•工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea ceremony)<br />
<br />
•功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha / Kung Fu Tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''Historical Context''' ==<br />
<br />
Documented in Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs (《潮嘉风月记》(1801), this tradition traces its origins to Song Dynasty tea rituals, achieving maturity during the Qianlong era (1735-1796). The text provides the earliest systematic record of Chaozhou's "tea preparation methodology," cementing Kang Hu Tea's cultural framework.<br />
=== The nomenclature reflects extraordinary production exactitude: === <br />
<br />
A.Leaf Selection: Exclusively "third-spring tender picks" (三春嫩采) from Wuyi rock tea cultivars<br />
<br />
B.Processing: Nine-stage traditional charcoal roasting (古法炭焙) using lychee wood in "triple-roast-triple-air" cycles (三烘三晾)<br />
<br />
C.Aging: Ceramic-jar storage with humidity-controlled fermentation<br />
<br />
Historical archives attest that 19th-century tea masters invested 72 continuous hours monitoring sub-45°C fermentation conditions – validating the "Kang Hu" (labor-intensive) designation. As practitioners acknowledged: "The true depth of craftsmanship is known only to the master's heart."<br />
<br />
== '''Technical Specifications''' ==<br />
<br />
As it is mentioned above, Kang Hu Tea has itself a quite quantity of complex steps to follow and own spirit behind. It follows four simple steps（ABoxTik，2023） and the <br />
<br />
=== "Four Refinements Doctrine" (四精之道): === <br />
<br />
1.Refined Leaves (精茶): Wuyi Oolong specifications<br />
<br />
2.Marvelous Utensils (妙器): Purple clay (Zisha) teapots symbolizing earth<br />
<br />
3.Living Fire (活火): Phoenix wood charcoal representing fire<br />
<br />
4.Authentic Water (真水): Phoenix Mountain mineral springs<br />
<br />
"Five Element Theory" in its instrumentation:<br />
<br />
1.Purple clay teapots (Zisha) representing earth<br />
<br />
2.Phoenix wood charcoal fire symbolizing fire<br />
<br />
3.Jingdezhen porcelain cups embodying metal<br />
<br />
4.Mineral spring water from Phoenix Mountain as water<br />
<br />
5.Bamboo tea trays completing the wood element<br />
<br />
=== The 18-Step Alchemy: === <br />
<br />
1.White Crane Bathing (白鹤沐浴): Vessel warming ritual<br />
<br />
2.Phoenix Nodding (凤凰点头): Water temperature calibration<br />
<br />
3.Dragon Enters Palace (乌龙入宫): Leaf placement<br />
<br />
4.Circular Infusion (悬壶高冲): Aerated pouring<br />
<br />
5.Foam Scraping (春风拂面): Removing impurities<br />
<br />
6.Covered Steeping (熏蒸仙颜): Lid-sealed brewing<br />
<br />
7.Hot Spring Rinse (若琛出浴): Cup sterilization<br />
<br />
8.General Guan Patrols (关公巡城): Circular pouring for uniform concentration<br />
<br />
9.Han Xin Commands (韩信点兵): Final droplet distribution<br />
<br />
Contrary to perceived complexity, China Tea Culture Institute research confirms that mastery requires approximately 40 hours of systematic training. Standardized procedures refined over generations enable broad accessibility while maintaining philosophical depth – each gesture harmonizing cosmic principles (Daoist cosmology) through calculated kinetics.<br />
<br />
== '''Cultural Significance''' ==<br />
<br />
Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, a living fossil of Min-Yue tea culture, continues to exhibit strong vitality in contemporary society. Statistics indicate that 97% of households in the Chaozhou region own tea sets, with an annual per capita tea consumption exceeding 2.5 kilograms, reflecting the deep affection of local residents for tea culture. Additionally, Chaozhou Kangfu Tea was officially inscribed by China's State Council(2008)into the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, confirming its significant position in Chinese culture.<br />
The cultural influence of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea extends beyond the simple act of drinking tea, forming a unique "tea etiquette" system. For instance, the "three cups tea array" symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. The "finger-knocking ceremony" during tea serving preserves the legacy of Qing dynasty court etiquette, while the proverb "tea full deceive guests" reflects the philosophical wisdom of Chaozhou merchants in their social interactions. These elements collectively form the unique cultural connotations of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, representing a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity.<br />
<br />
[[File:Influence.jpg]]<br />
<br />
== '''Contemporary Development''' ==<br />
<br />
In contemporary practice, Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea dynamically preserves its essence while embracing innovation through institutional and digital channels. The 2019 establishment of a Cultural Ecology Reserve safeguards 21 traditional techniques, from lychee-charcoal roasting to ceramic aging, ensuring transmission of this ancient art. Simultaneously, a digital renaissance engages younger generations—tea artists demonstrate rituals like the "Phoenix Three Nods" on platforms like Douyin, amassing millions of views and reducing practitioners' average age from 58 to 34 within a decade. Global dissemination thrives through Chaozhou's six-million-strong diaspora, embedding the tradition across 56 countries where fusion ceremonies reinterpret its principles in cosmopolitan hubs from London to New York. Annual cultural festivals now attract over 120,000 visitors, while academic programs at twelve international universities study its socio-economic impact, transforming this regional ritual into a worldwide phenomenon.<br />
This living tradition exemplifies a rare cultural continuum where eleventh-century aesthetics flourish in the digital age. UNESCO's formal distinction between "Kang Hu Tea" (craftsmanship) and "Gongfu Tea" (martial arts) preserves crucial philosophical boundaries, honoring the ritual’s foundation in Confucian cultivation and Daoist cosmology. As a "liquid philosophy," its enduring power lies in adaptive precision—whether through VR ceremonies or diaspora tea houses—maintaining elemental harmony while connecting generations. Each mindfully prepared cup thus becomes a temporal vessel, carrying refined heritage into the future without sacrificing the artistry born of centuries of devotion.<br />
<br />
== '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br />
<br />
Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea 工夫茶<br />
<br />
Gongfu / Kung Fu 功夫<br />
<br />
Hokkien / Minnan dialect 闽南语<br />
<br />
Chaozhou dialect 潮州方言<br />
<br />
Middle Chinese 中古汉语<br />
<br />
Eastern Min pronunciation 闽东语<br />
<br />
Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs 《潮嘉风月记》<br />
<br />
tea preparation methodology 烹茶之法<br />
<br />
third-spring tender picks 三春嫩采<br />
<br />
traditional charcoal roasting 古法炭焙<br />
<br />
triple-roast-triple-air cycles 三烘三晾<br />
<br />
Four Refinements Doctrine 四精之道<br />
<br />
Refined Leaves 精茶<br />
<br />
Marvelous Utensils 妙器<br />
<br />
Living Fire 活火<br />
<br />
Authentic Water 真水<br />
<br />
Purple clay (Zisha) 紫砂<br />
<br />
Five Element Theory 五行说<br />
<br />
Jingdezhen porcelain cups 景德镇瓷杯<br />
<br />
Bamboo tea trays 竹茶盘<br />
<br />
White Crane Bathing 白鹤沐浴<br />
<br />
Phoenix Nodding 凤凰点头<br />
<br />
Dragon Enters Palace 乌龙入宫<br />
<br />
Circular Infusion 悬壶高冲<br />
<br />
Foam Scraping 春风拂面<br />
<br />
Covered Steeping 熏蒸仙颜<br />
<br />
Hot Spring Rinse 若琛出浴<br />
<br />
General Guan Patrols 关公巡城<br />
<br />
Han Xin Commands 韩信点兵<br />
<br />
National Intangible Cultural Heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产<br />
<br />
tea etiquette 茶礼<br />
<br />
three cups tea array 三杯茶阵<br />
<br />
heaven, earth, and man 天地人<br />
<br />
finger-knocking ceremony 叩指礼<br />
<br />
tea full deceive guests 茶满欺客<br />
<br />
Cultural Ecology Reserve 文化生态保护区<br />
<br />
Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context) 凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语）<br />
<br />
Douyin 抖音<br />
<br />
== '''Questions''' ==<br />
<br />
1. Where is the Origin of "Kang Hu Tea" term?<br />
<br />
2. What's difference between 工夫 and 功夫?<br />
<br />
3. What is the earliest text for Kang Hu Tea?<br />
<br />
4. What is "Four Refinements"?<br />
<br />
5. What is Zisha teapot made from?<br />
<br />
6. When it's listed as the national cultural heritage?<br />
<br />
7. What "Three cups array" symbolizes?<br />
<br />
8. Where is the Origin of "finger-knocking"?<br />
<br />
9. How digital preserves tea?<br />
<br />
== '''References''' ==<br />
<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. [State Council of the People's Republic of China. (2008, June 14). Notice on publishing the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage and the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage extension projects [Government notice]. Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm]<br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik. 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/. [ABoxTik. (2023, March 25). How to brew tea? 5 major tea brewing steps & essential tools! [Article]. ABoxTik. https://www.aboxtik.com/]<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p.75.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
= '''潮州工夫茶：一脉相承的茶道艺术''' =<br />
<br />
[[File:Kangfu.jpg]]<br />
<br />
== '''词源探析''' ==<br />
<br />
"工夫茶"一词的语源与"功夫"同根同源(Knight, 1840, p. 75)，源自汉语"工夫"（gōngfu）的闽南语发音kang-hu。（Mair, n.d.）其英文译名"Congou Tea"即来源于此。在潮州方言中，"工夫"（读作kanghu）蕴含"细致"、"精微"、"讲究"之意，这种发音特征完整保留在中古汉语的声韵体系中（闽东语实际读音：/køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/）(Mair, n.d.)。值得注意的是，现代汉语中"工夫"与"功夫"常被混淆，前者强调时间与技艺的积累，后者侧重力量与武术修为，这种区别在潮州茶文化中尤为重要。<br />
=== '''术语辨析''' ===<br />
<br />
• 工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea)<br />
<br />
• 功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha/kung fu tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''历史渊源''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶的文献记载可追溯至清代俞蛟《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法，被视为工夫茶文化最早的体系化记载。这种茶艺得名于其精微的制作工序：从茶叶的严选（仅取武夷岩茶中的"三春嫩采"）、古法炭焙（需经"三烘三晾"），到窖藏时的陶罐封存，每个环节都需耗费大量时间精力，可谓"工夫独到之处惟有自己心里最清楚。<br />
<br />
== '''技艺特征''' ==<br />
<br />
传统工夫茶的简单泡茶方式分四步（ABoxTik，2023），讲究"四精之道"：精茶、妙器、活火、真水。茶具组合遵循"孟臣罐、若琛杯、玉书煨、红泥炉"四大核心器具，发展出从简装八宝（茶船、盖碗、茶海等）到全套二十四器的完整体系。冲泡过程包含十八道精妙工序：从"白鹤沐浴"（温杯）到"关公巡城"（均匀分茶），每个动作都暗合天地之道。值得注意的是，虽然流程看似繁复，但经过代代传承已形成标准化操作，普通民众通过短期学习即可掌握精髓。<br />
<br />
[[File:rencha.jpg]]<br />
<br />
== '''文化影响''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶作为闽粤茶文化的活化石，始终在当代社会展现出强大的生命力。统计显示，潮汕地区97%的家庭拥有茶具，人均年茶叶消费量超过2.5公斤，彰显了当地居民对茶文化的深厚情感。此外，国务院（2008）将潮州工夫茶正式列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确立了其在中华文化中的重要地位。<br />
潮州工夫茶的文化影响超越了单纯的饮茶习俗，形成了独特的“茶礼”体系。例如，“三杯茶阵”象征着“天地人”三才之道，体现了中国传统哲学思想。斟茶过程中的“叩指礼”保留了清代宫廷礼仪的遗风，而“茶满欺客”这一俗谚则反映了潮商们在处世时的哲学智慧。这些元素共同构成了潮州工夫茶独特的文化内涵，体现了传统与现代的融合。<br />
<br />
== '''现代传承''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶在保持传统精髓的同时，积极拥抱创新。2019年，潮州建立了“工夫茶文化生态保护区”，将21项传统技艺列入保护名录，确保这门古老艺术的能够继续得到传承。年轻一代茶艺家通过短视频平台展示传统技法，如“凤凰三点头”，使潮州工夫茶焕发出新的活力。这种创新的传承方式不仅吸引了更多年轻人的关注，也为工夫茶文化的发展注入了新的动力。<br />
在国际舞台上，潮州工夫茶文化随着600万潮汕侨胞的足迹传播至56个国家和地区，成为中华文化的重要象征。无论是在国内还是国外，潮州工夫茶都在以其独特的魅力和深厚的文化底蕴，征服着越来越多的茶文化爱好者。通过现代传媒和全球化的影响，潮州工夫茶文化得以在传统与现代之间找到平衡，继续发扬光大。<br />
<br />
== '''术语与表达''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶 Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea<br />
<br />
功夫 Gongfu / Kung Fu<br />
<br />
闽南语 Hokkien / Minnan dialect<br />
<br />
潮州方言 Chaozhou dialect<br />
<br />
中古汉语 Middle Chinese<br />
<br />
闽东语 Eastern Min pronunciation<br />
<br />
《潮嘉风月记》 Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs<br />
<br />
烹茶之法 tea preparation methodology<br />
<br />
三春嫩采 third-spring tender picks<br />
<br />
古法炭焙 traditional charcoal roasting<br />
<br />
三烘三晾 triple-roast-triple-air cycles<br />
<br />
四精之道 Four Refinements Doctrine<br />
<br />
精茶 Refined Leaves<br />
<br />
妙器 Marvelous Utensils<br />
<br />
活火 Living Fire<br />
<br />
真水 Authentic Water<br />
<br />
紫砂 Purple clay (Zisha)<br />
<br />
五行说 Five Element Theory<br />
<br />
景德镇瓷杯 Jingdezhen porcelain cups<br />
<br />
竹茶盘 Bamboo tea trays<br />
<br />
白鹤沐浴 White Crane Bathing<br />
<br />
凤凰点头 Phoenix Nodding<br />
<br />
乌龙入宫 Dragon Enters Palace<br />
<br />
悬壶高冲 Circular Infusion<br />
<br />
春风拂面 Foam Scraping<br />
<br />
熏蒸仙颜 Covered Steeping<br />
<br />
若琛出浴 Hot Spring Rinse<br />
<br />
关公巡城 General Guan Patrols<br />
<br />
韩信点兵 Han Xin Commands<br />
<br />
国家级非物质文化遗产 National Intangible Cultural Heritage<br />
<br />
茶礼 tea etiquette<br />
<br />
三杯茶阵 three cups tea array<br />
<br />
天地人 heaven, earth, and man<br />
<br />
叩指礼 finger-knocking ceremony<br />
<br />
茶满欺客 tea full deceive guests<br />
<br />
文化生态保护区 Cultural Ecology Reserve<br />
<br />
凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语） Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context)<br />
<br />
抖音 Douyin<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''问题：''' ==<br />
<br />
1. “工夫茶”词源何处？<br />
<br />
2. 工夫与功夫何区别？<br />
<br />
3. 工夫茶最早文献是？<br />
<br />
4. “四精之道”指什么？<br />
<br />
5. 紫砂壶代表五行何？<br />
<br />
6. 何时列入非遗名录？<br />
<br />
7. “三杯茶阵”象征啥？<br />
<br />
8. “叩指礼”源自何处？<br />
<br />
9. 如何数字传承工夫茶？<br />
<br />
== '''文献参考''' ==<br />
<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. [State Council of the People's Republic of China. (2008, June 14). Notice on publishing the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage and the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage extension projects [Government notice]. Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm]<br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik. 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/. [ABoxTik. (2023, March 25). How to brew tea? 5 major tea brewing steps & essential tools! [Article]. ABoxTik. https://www.aboxtik.com/]<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p.75.</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Zheng_Kaiwu&diff=168284User:Zheng Kaiwu2025-06-06T07:58:21Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: /* Questions */</p>
<hr />
<div>= '''Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea: The Art of Precision''' =<br />
<br />
== '''Etymological Origins''' ==<br />
<br />
The term "Kang Hu Tea" (工夫茶) shares its linguistic roots with "Gongfu" (功夫)(Knight, 1840, p. 75), originating from the Hokkien pronunciation "kang-hu" of the Chinese characters 工夫 (gōngfu). Its Western designation "Congou Tea" derives directly from this Minnan phonetic rendering.（Mair, n.d.） Within the Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫) conveys profound connotations of "meticulousness," "precision," and "fastidious refinement" – phonological traits preserved from Middle Chinese (Eastern Min pronunciation: /køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/) (Mair, n.d.). <br />
<br />
[[File:Ea9569f92c.jpg]]<br />
<br />
A critical distinction exists in modern Chinese between 工夫 (craftsmanship) and 功夫 (martial prowess), often erroneously conflated. The former emphasizes cumulative mastery through temporal dedication, while the latter denotes physical combat skills. This semantic precision is paramount in Chaozhou tea culture, where the very name embodies Confucian values of cultivated artistry.<br />
===Terminological Clarification===<br />
<br />
•工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea ceremony)<br />
<br />
•功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha / Kung Fu Tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''Historical Context''' ==<br />
<br />
Documented in Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs (《潮嘉风月记》(1801), this tradition traces its origins to Song Dynasty tea rituals, achieving maturity during the Qianlong era (1735-1796). The text provides the earliest systematic record of Chaozhou's "tea preparation methodology," cementing Kang Hu Tea's cultural framework.<br />
=== The nomenclature reflects extraordinary production exactitude: === <br />
<br />
A.Leaf Selection: Exclusively "third-spring tender picks" (三春嫩采) from Wuyi rock tea cultivars<br />
<br />
B.Processing: Nine-stage traditional charcoal roasting (古法炭焙) using lychee wood in "triple-roast-triple-air" cycles (三烘三晾)<br />
<br />
C.Aging: Ceramic-jar storage with humidity-controlled fermentation<br />
<br />
Historical archives attest that 19th-century tea masters invested 72 continuous hours monitoring sub-45°C fermentation conditions – validating the "Kang Hu" (labor-intensive) designation. As practitioners acknowledged: "The true depth of craftsmanship is known only to the master's heart."<br />
<br />
== '''Technical Specifications''' ==<br />
<br />
As it is mentioned above, Kang Hu Tea has itself a quite quantity of complex steps to follow and own spirit behind. It follows four simple steps（ABoxTik，2023） and the === "Four Refinements Doctrine" (四精之道): === <br />
<br />
1.Refined Leaves (精茶): Wuyi Oolong specifications<br />
<br />
2.Marvelous Utensils (妙器): Purple clay (Zisha) teapots symbolizing earth<br />
<br />
3.Living Fire (活火): Phoenix wood charcoal representing fire<br />
<br />
4.Authentic Water (真水): Phoenix Mountain mineral springs<br />
<br />
"Five Element Theory" in its instrumentation:<br />
<br />
1.Purple clay teapots (Zisha) representing earth<br />
<br />
2.Phoenix wood charcoal fire symbolizing fire<br />
<br />
3.Jingdezhen porcelain cups embodying metal<br />
<br />
4.Mineral spring water from Phoenix Mountain as water<br />
<br />
5.Bamboo tea trays completing the wood element<br />
<br />
=== The 18-Step Alchemy: === <br />
<br />
1.White Crane Bathing (白鹤沐浴): Vessel warming ritual<br />
<br />
2.Phoenix Nodding (凤凰点头): Water temperature calibration<br />
<br />
3.Dragon Enters Palace (乌龙入宫): Leaf placement<br />
<br />
4.Circular Infusion (悬壶高冲): Aerated pouring<br />
<br />
5.Foam Scraping (春风拂面): Removing impurities<br />
<br />
6.Covered Steeping (熏蒸仙颜): Lid-sealed brewing<br />
<br />
7.Hot Spring Rinse (若琛出浴): Cup sterilization<br />
<br />
8.General Guan Patrols (关公巡城): Circular pouring for uniform concentration<br />
<br />
9.Han Xin Commands (韩信点兵): Final droplet distribution<br />
<br />
Contrary to perceived complexity, China Tea Culture Institute research confirms that mastery requires approximately 40 hours of systematic training. Standardized procedures refined over generations enable broad accessibility while maintaining philosophical depth – each gesture harmonizing cosmic principles (Daoist cosmology) through calculated kinetics.<br />
<br />
== '''Cultural Significance''' ==<br />
<br />
Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, a living fossil of Min-Yue tea culture, continues to exhibit strong vitality in contemporary society. Statistics indicate that 97% of households in the Chaozhou region own tea sets, with an annual per capita tea consumption exceeding 2.5 kilograms, reflecting the deep affection of local residents for tea culture. Additionally, Chaozhou Kangfu Tea was officially inscribed by China's State Council(2008)into the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, confirming its significant position in Chinese culture.<br />
The cultural influence of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea extends beyond the simple act of drinking tea, forming a unique "tea etiquette" system. For instance, the "three cups tea array" symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. The "finger-knocking ceremony" during tea serving preserves the legacy of Qing dynasty court etiquette, while the proverb "tea full deceive guests" reflects the philosophical wisdom of Chaozhou merchants in their social interactions. These elements collectively form the unique cultural connotations of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, representing a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity.<br />
<br />
[[File:Influence.jpg]]<br />
<br />
== '''Contemporary Development''' ==<br />
<br />
In contemporary practice, Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea dynamically preserves its essence while embracing innovation through institutional and digital channels. The 2019 establishment of a Cultural Ecology Reserve safeguards 21 traditional techniques, from lychee-charcoal roasting to ceramic aging, ensuring transmission of this ancient art. Simultaneously, a digital renaissance engages younger generations—tea artists demonstrate rituals like the "Phoenix Three Nods" on platforms like Douyin, amassing millions of views and reducing practitioners' average age from 58 to 34 within a decade. Global dissemination thrives through Chaozhou's six-million-strong diaspora, embedding the tradition across 56 countries where fusion ceremonies reinterpret its principles in cosmopolitan hubs from London to New York. Annual cultural festivals now attract over 120,000 visitors, while academic programs at twelve international universities study its socio-economic impact, transforming this regional ritual into a worldwide phenomenon.<br />
This living tradition exemplifies a rare cultural continuum where eleventh-century aesthetics flourish in the digital age. UNESCO's formal distinction between "Kang Hu Tea" (craftsmanship) and "Gongfu Tea" (martial arts) preserves crucial philosophical boundaries, honoring the ritual’s foundation in Confucian cultivation and Daoist cosmology. As a "liquid philosophy," its enduring power lies in adaptive precision—whether through VR ceremonies or diaspora tea houses—maintaining elemental harmony while connecting generations. Each mindfully prepared cup thus becomes a temporal vessel, carrying refined heritage into the future without sacrificing the artistry born of centuries of devotion.<br />
<br />
== '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br />
<br />
Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea 工夫茶<br />
<br />
Gongfu / Kung Fu 功夫<br />
<br />
Hokkien / Minnan dialect 闽南语<br />
<br />
Chaozhou dialect 潮州方言<br />
<br />
Middle Chinese 中古汉语<br />
<br />
Eastern Min pronunciation 闽东语<br />
<br />
Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs 《潮嘉风月记》<br />
<br />
tea preparation methodology 烹茶之法<br />
<br />
third-spring tender picks 三春嫩采<br />
<br />
traditional charcoal roasting 古法炭焙<br />
<br />
triple-roast-triple-air cycles 三烘三晾<br />
<br />
Four Refinements Doctrine 四精之道<br />
<br />
Refined Leaves 精茶<br />
<br />
Marvelous Utensils 妙器<br />
<br />
Living Fire 活火<br />
<br />
Authentic Water 真水<br />
<br />
Purple clay (Zisha) 紫砂<br />
<br />
Five Element Theory 五行说<br />
<br />
Jingdezhen porcelain cups 景德镇瓷杯<br />
<br />
Bamboo tea trays 竹茶盘<br />
<br />
White Crane Bathing 白鹤沐浴<br />
<br />
Phoenix Nodding 凤凰点头<br />
<br />
Dragon Enters Palace 乌龙入宫<br />
<br />
Circular Infusion 悬壶高冲<br />
<br />
Foam Scraping 春风拂面<br />
<br />
Covered Steeping 熏蒸仙颜<br />
<br />
Hot Spring Rinse 若琛出浴<br />
<br />
General Guan Patrols 关公巡城<br />
<br />
Han Xin Commands 韩信点兵<br />
<br />
National Intangible Cultural Heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产<br />
<br />
tea etiquette 茶礼<br />
<br />
three cups tea array 三杯茶阵<br />
<br />
heaven, earth, and man 天地人<br />
<br />
finger-knocking ceremony 叩指礼<br />
<br />
tea full deceive guests 茶满欺客<br />
<br />
Cultural Ecology Reserve 文化生态保护区<br />
<br />
Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context) 凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语）<br />
<br />
Douyin 抖音<br />
<br />
== '''Questions''' ==<br />
<br />
1. Where is the Origin of "Kang Hu Tea" term?<br />
<br />
2. What's difference between 工夫 and 功夫?<br />
<br />
3. What is the earliest text for Kang Hu Tea?<br />
<br />
4. What is "Four Refinements"?<br />
<br />
5. What is Zisha teapot made from?<br />
<br />
6. When it's listed as the national cultural heritage?<br />
<br />
7. What "Three cups array" symbolizes?<br />
<br />
8. Where is the Origin of "finger-knocking"?<br />
<br />
9. How digital preserves tea?<br />
<br />
== '''References''' ==<br />
<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. [State Council of the People's Republic of China. (2008, June 14). Notice on publishing the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage and the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage extension projects [Government notice]. Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm]<br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik. 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/. [ABoxTik. (2023, March 25). How to brew tea? 5 major tea brewing steps & essential tools! [Article]. ABoxTik. https://www.aboxtik.com/]<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p.75.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
= '''潮州工夫茶：一脉相承的茶道艺术''' =<br />
<br />
[[File:Kangfu.jpg]]<br />
<br />
== '''词源探析''' ==<br />
<br />
"工夫茶"一词的语源与"功夫"同根同源(Knight, 1840, p. 75)，源自汉语"工夫"（gōngfu）的闽南语发音kang-hu。（Mair, n.d.）其英文译名"Congou Tea"即来源于此。在潮州方言中，"工夫"（读作kanghu）蕴含"细致"、"精微"、"讲究"之意，这种发音特征完整保留在中古汉语的声韵体系中（闽东语实际读音：/køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/）(Mair, n.d.)。值得注意的是，现代汉语中"工夫"与"功夫"常被混淆，前者强调时间与技艺的积累，后者侧重力量与武术修为，这种区别在潮州茶文化中尤为重要。<br />
=== '''术语辨析''' ===<br />
<br />
• 工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea)<br />
<br />
• 功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha/kung fu tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''历史渊源''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶的文献记载可追溯至清代俞蛟《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法，被视为工夫茶文化最早的体系化记载。这种茶艺得名于其精微的制作工序：从茶叶的严选（仅取武夷岩茶中的"三春嫩采"）、古法炭焙（需经"三烘三晾"），到窖藏时的陶罐封存，每个环节都需耗费大量时间精力，可谓"工夫独到之处惟有自己心里最清楚。<br />
<br />
== '''技艺特征''' ==<br />
<br />
传统工夫茶的简单泡茶方式分四步（ABoxTik，2023），讲究"四精之道"：精茶、妙器、活火、真水。茶具组合遵循"孟臣罐、若琛杯、玉书煨、红泥炉"四大核心器具，发展出从简装八宝（茶船、盖碗、茶海等）到全套二十四器的完整体系。冲泡过程包含十八道精妙工序：从"白鹤沐浴"（温杯）到"关公巡城"（均匀分茶），每个动作都暗合天地之道。值得注意的是，虽然流程看似繁复，但经过代代传承已形成标准化操作，普通民众通过短期学习即可掌握精髓。<br />
<br />
[[File:rencha.jpg]]<br />
<br />
== '''文化影响''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶作为闽粤茶文化的活化石，始终在当代社会展现出强大的生命力。统计显示，潮汕地区97%的家庭拥有茶具，人均年茶叶消费量超过2.5公斤，彰显了当地居民对茶文化的深厚情感。此外，国务院（2008）将潮州工夫茶正式列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确立了其在中华文化中的重要地位。<br />
潮州工夫茶的文化影响超越了单纯的饮茶习俗，形成了独特的“茶礼”体系。例如，“三杯茶阵”象征着“天地人”三才之道，体现了中国传统哲学思想。斟茶过程中的“叩指礼”保留了清代宫廷礼仪的遗风，而“茶满欺客”这一俗谚则反映了潮商们在处世时的哲学智慧。这些元素共同构成了潮州工夫茶独特的文化内涵，体现了传统与现代的融合。<br />
<br />
== '''现代传承''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶在保持传统精髓的同时，积极拥抱创新。2019年，潮州建立了“工夫茶文化生态保护区”，将21项传统技艺列入保护名录，确保这门古老艺术的能够继续得到传承。年轻一代茶艺家通过短视频平台展示传统技法，如“凤凰三点头”，使潮州工夫茶焕发出新的活力。这种创新的传承方式不仅吸引了更多年轻人的关注，也为工夫茶文化的发展注入了新的动力。<br />
在国际舞台上，潮州工夫茶文化随着600万潮汕侨胞的足迹传播至56个国家和地区，成为中华文化的重要象征。无论是在国内还是国外，潮州工夫茶都在以其独特的魅力和深厚的文化底蕴，征服着越来越多的茶文化爱好者。通过现代传媒和全球化的影响，潮州工夫茶文化得以在传统与现代之间找到平衡，继续发扬光大。<br />
<br />
== '''术语与表达''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶 Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea<br />
<br />
功夫 Gongfu / Kung Fu<br />
<br />
闽南语 Hokkien / Minnan dialect<br />
<br />
潮州方言 Chaozhou dialect<br />
<br />
中古汉语 Middle Chinese<br />
<br />
闽东语 Eastern Min pronunciation<br />
<br />
《潮嘉风月记》 Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs<br />
<br />
烹茶之法 tea preparation methodology<br />
<br />
三春嫩采 third-spring tender picks<br />
<br />
古法炭焙 traditional charcoal roasting<br />
<br />
三烘三晾 triple-roast-triple-air cycles<br />
<br />
四精之道 Four Refinements Doctrine<br />
<br />
精茶 Refined Leaves<br />
<br />
妙器 Marvelous Utensils<br />
<br />
活火 Living Fire<br />
<br />
真水 Authentic Water<br />
<br />
紫砂 Purple clay (Zisha)<br />
<br />
五行说 Five Element Theory<br />
<br />
景德镇瓷杯 Jingdezhen porcelain cups<br />
<br />
竹茶盘 Bamboo tea trays<br />
<br />
白鹤沐浴 White Crane Bathing<br />
<br />
凤凰点头 Phoenix Nodding<br />
<br />
乌龙入宫 Dragon Enters Palace<br />
<br />
悬壶高冲 Circular Infusion<br />
<br />
春风拂面 Foam Scraping<br />
<br />
熏蒸仙颜 Covered Steeping<br />
<br />
若琛出浴 Hot Spring Rinse<br />
<br />
关公巡城 General Guan Patrols<br />
<br />
韩信点兵 Han Xin Commands<br />
<br />
国家级非物质文化遗产 National Intangible Cultural Heritage<br />
<br />
茶礼 tea etiquette<br />
<br />
三杯茶阵 three cups tea array<br />
<br />
天地人 heaven, earth, and man<br />
<br />
叩指礼 finger-knocking ceremony<br />
<br />
茶满欺客 tea full deceive guests<br />
<br />
文化生态保护区 Cultural Ecology Reserve<br />
<br />
凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语） Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context)<br />
<br />
抖音 Douyin<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''问题：''' ==<br />
<br />
1. “工夫茶”词源何处？<br />
<br />
2. 工夫与功夫何区别？<br />
<br />
3. 工夫茶最早文献是？<br />
<br />
4. “四精之道”指什么？<br />
<br />
5. 紫砂壶代表五行何？<br />
<br />
6. 何时列入非遗名录？<br />
<br />
7. “三杯茶阵”象征啥？<br />
<br />
8. “叩指礼”源自何处？<br />
<br />
9. 如何数字传承工夫茶？<br />
<br />
== '''文献参考''' ==<br />
<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. [State Council of the People's Republic of China. (2008, June 14). Notice on publishing the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage and the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage extension projects [Government notice]. Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm]<br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik. 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/. [ABoxTik. (2023, March 25). How to brew tea? 5 major tea brewing steps & essential tools! [Article]. ABoxTik. https://www.aboxtik.com/]<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p.75.</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chin_Lang_Cult_Fin_Exam_Spring_2025&diff=168264Chin Lang Cult Fin Exam Spring 20252025-06-06T07:39:27Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
<hr />
<div>Final Exam Paper Titles<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Chao#Final_Paper 簪花 Hairpin Flowers ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tao_Yao 拔罐 Cupping Therapy ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zeng_Zhi 手串文化 Bead Bracelet Culture ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Jiaxin 哪吒 Cultural Implications of Nezha ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Ting2 湘西赶尸 The Corpse of Xiangxi Technique ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liao_Zuoyun 湘菜 Hunan Cuisine ok (please check if not yet in the text book)<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Qi 劝酒文化 Toast-urging ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Huifang 蔡伦与造纸术 Cai Lun invents the paper making ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cheng_Sixiang 月饼 Mooncake ok, but check if not yet in the text book<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Miao_Yunlong 女书 Women's Script Nvshu ok, but check if not yet in the text book<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Yixuan2 中国守艺人 The keepers of Tradition: China's Heritage Guardians<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Mei 《易经》与阴阳 ''The Book of Changes'' and Yin-Yang ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liao_Dan 吊脚楼 Stilted Building<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zheng_Jinlian 广东新会陈皮 Guangdong Xinhui dried tangerine peel ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Lu_Jiahui 中国古代幻术 Ancient Chinese Art of Illusions ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Du_Yuan 点茶 Tea Whisking ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Ying 盲盒经济 Blind Box Economy ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Yuan 蒙古族舞蹈 Mongolian Ethnic Dance ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Mai 汝瓷 Ru porcelain ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xu_Yangyang 打铁花 Striking Iron Fireworks ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Peini 灯芯糕 The Wick Cakes ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Song_Xin 剑门关 Jianmen Pass ok, but please only explain the culture, not landscape or material objects<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Chunyang 胖东来 Pangdonglai Supermarket in a fourth-tier city ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jin_Yichen 吴越文化 Wuyue Culture ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Ye_Sitong 温州话 Wenzhou Dialect ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Luyu 封神演义 Chinese classical novel The Investiture of the Gods ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Qi 福建线面 Fujian Thin Noddles ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zheng_Kaiwu 工夫茶 Kanghu tea ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Jingyan 油纸伞 折扇 Folding Fan<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Sicheng 惊鸿舞 Flying Wild Goose Dance ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Jianan 安徽名酒—古井贡酒 Famous Anhui Liquor-Gujing Tribute Liquor<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Lin 服美役 beauty duty ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tang_Yan 道州理学文化 Neo-Confucian Culture in Daozhou ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Qin_Yi 胶东花饽饽 Jiao Dong Huabobo ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Zhen 玄奘 Xuanzang ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Ou_Huang 浏阳花炮制作技艺 Liuyang Fireworks Making Technique ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Yan 成人礼 Chinese Coming-of-Age Ceremony ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Lv_Jiahao 越剧 Opera:Yue Opera Pleaes check if it is already in the text book.<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Yuxin 中国古法酿酒 Traditional Chinese Brewing Techniques ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Dai_Yexun 粤剧 Opera:Cantonese opera Please check if it is already in the text book.<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yan_Jidong 闽南文化 Hokkien culture ok.<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Qiu_Ping 重阳节 Chung Yeung Festival ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:He_Yunfeng 献哈达 Etiquette: Offering Hada(Khata) Scarf ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Le 榨辣椒 Pressing pepper ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Qiaoqiao 舞剧《咏春》 Dance Drama Wing Chun ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Duan_Binyao 古诗十九首 Nineteen Old Poems ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Linyao 傣族泼水节 Dai Water-Splashing Festival ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Yikang 赣东北特色腌制食品 Northeastern Jiangxi Specialty Fermented food ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Gao_Xiaoqing 粽子 Zongzi ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Meiling 东北秧歌 Northeast Yangko ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Sinan 春晚 Spring Festival Gala ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Du_Jiangping 楚辞 The Songs of Chu ok, but check if not yet explained under 'Qu Yuan'<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jiang_Ziqiang 抛绣球 Zhuang Custom of Throwing the Embroidered Ball for Courtship ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zeng_Xiaohui 中秋, but check if not yet explained under 'festivals' in the book节 Mid-autumn Festival ok, but check if not yet explained under 'festivals' in the book<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Geng_Hongmei 醴陵釉下五彩瓷 Liling Underglaze Five-Color Porcelain ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yang_Yue2 现代文学：许渊冲 Modern Literature: Xv Yuanchong ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Anqi 螺钿 Luodian ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yang_Jing 粮画 The Grain Paintings ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Dai_Shiru 李白 Li Bai ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yu_Jingfang 傩文化 Nuo culture ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Mingfeng 编钟 Chinese Ancient Instrument: Bianzhong ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Ting 湘西泡菜 Xiangxi Pickles ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Gong_Wei 桃源擂茶 Taoyuan Lei Tea ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yang_Jiahong2 闽南红砖古厝 Southern Fujian Red Brick Ancient Houses ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Huaixing 长白山 Mount Changbai ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiang_Jianning 马面裙 Horse face skirt ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhao_Qi 动画片：《虹猫蓝兔七侠传》 Chinese wuxia animation: Howie & Landau Seven Chivalrous Biography ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Zixi 叶子戏 Yezi Xi ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Shao_Keyuan 殷墟 The Yin Ruins ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Dong_Jiating 麻辣烫 Malatang ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Ouyang_Yihong 辣条 Spicy Gluten Strips ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Lu_Wei 蛋炒饭 Egg-fried Rice ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xing_Xueqing 桃花源 The Peach Garden ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Xinyu 赣南客家围屋 Hakka Tulou in Southern Jiangxi ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yuan_Xiaolin 新中式 new Chinese style clothes ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chu_Hanqi 翠兰 Cui Lan（a kind of tea) ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wu_Jiating 瓦罐汤 Clay Pot ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jiang_Xinyue 灵隐寺 Lingyin Temple ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xu_Xinwen 十二生肖Chinese Zodiac ok, but please check if already in book<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Pei 南岳衡山 Mount Heng ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Zixin 恋与深空 Love and Deepspace ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Shutian 中医脉象Traditional Chinese Medicine Pulse ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Jiayi 哈尔滨啤酒 Harbin Beer ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Qi_Zhiyang 漆扇 Lacquer Fan ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Sisi 永州石雕 Yongzhou Stone Carving ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yan_Xiang 阜阳美食-格拉条 Fuyang Cuisine-Gelatiao ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zuo_Fang 四羊方尊 Four-ram Square Zun (cultural artifact) ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Yunxi 邵阳米粉 Shaoyang Rice Noodles ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Jiaxin 腊八节 Laba Festival ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Fei_Xinyu 中国古代战车 Army and weapons: Ancient Chinese Chariots ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Chang 朝鲜族象帽舞 Xiangmao Dance of the Korean Ethnic Group ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhao_Yashi 中国民族舞：傣族舞 Chinese Folk Dance: Dai Ethnic Dance ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Yawen 醴陵炒粉 Liling Fried Rice Noodles<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Yuan2 吴桥杂技 Wuqiao Acrobatics ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Guo_Cili 热干面 Hot Dry Noodles ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Zihan 豆豉 Fermented Soya Beans ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Tianyi 汨罗长乐故事会 Changle Taige Storytelling Festival ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:She_Xiao 文房四宝 Four Treasures of the Study ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cai_Yichun 汤显祖 Tangxianzu ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Shen_Shuai 咏春拳 Wing Chun Kung Fu ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Fu_Sihui 中国皮影戏 Chinese Shadow Puppetry NO, THIS IS ALREADY IN THE BOOK<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Guoqiang 浏阳烟花 Liuyang Fireworks ok</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Zheng_Kaiwu&diff=168028User:Zheng Kaiwu2025-06-05T15:47:07Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
<hr />
<div>= '''Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea: The Art of Precision''' =<br />
<br />
== '''Etymological Origins''' ==<br />
<br />
The term "Kang Hu Tea" (工夫茶) shares its linguistic roots with "Gongfu" (功夫)(Knight, 1840, p. 75), originating from the Hokkien pronunciation "kang-hu" of the Chinese characters 工夫 (gōngfu). Its Western designation "Congou Tea" derives directly from this Minnan phonetic rendering.（Mair, n.d.） Within the Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫) conveys profound connotations of "meticulousness," "precision," and "fastidious refinement" – phonological traits preserved from Middle Chinese (Eastern Min pronunciation: /køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/) (Mair, n.d.). <br />
<br />
[[File:Ea9569f92c.jpg]]<br />
<br />
A critical distinction exists in modern Chinese between 工夫 (craftsmanship) and 功夫 (martial prowess), often erroneously conflated. The former emphasizes cumulative mastery through temporal dedication, while the latter denotes physical combat skills. This semantic precision is paramount in Chaozhou tea culture, where the very name embodies Confucian values of cultivated artistry.<br />
===Terminological Clarification===<br />
<br />
•工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea ceremony)<br />
<br />
•功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha / Kung Fu Tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''Historical Context''' ==<br />
<br />
Documented in Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs (《潮嘉风月记》(1801), this tradition traces its origins to Song Dynasty tea rituals, achieving maturity during the Qianlong era (1735-1796). The text provides the earliest systematic record of Chaozhou's "tea preparation methodology," cementing Kang Hu Tea's cultural framework.<br />
=== The nomenclature reflects extraordinary production exactitude: === <br />
<br />
A.Leaf Selection: Exclusively "third-spring tender picks" (三春嫩采) from Wuyi rock tea cultivars<br />
<br />
B.Processing: Nine-stage traditional charcoal roasting (古法炭焙) using lychee wood in "triple-roast-triple-air" cycles (三烘三晾)<br />
<br />
C.Aging: Ceramic-jar storage with humidity-controlled fermentation<br />
<br />
Historical archives attest that 19th-century tea masters invested 72 continuous hours monitoring sub-45°C fermentation conditions – validating the "Kang Hu" (labor-intensive) designation. As practitioners acknowledged: "The true depth of craftsmanship is known only to the master's heart."<br />
<br />
== '''Technical Specifications''' ==<br />
<br />
As it is mentioned above, Kang Hu Tea has itself a quite quantity of complex steps to follow and own spirit behind. It follows four simple steps（ABoxTik，2023） and the === "Four Refinements Doctrine" (四精之道): === <br />
<br />
1.Refined Leaves (精茶): Wuyi Oolong specifications<br />
<br />
2.Marvelous Utensils (妙器): Purple clay (Zisha) teapots symbolizing earth<br />
<br />
3.Living Fire (活火): Phoenix wood charcoal representing fire<br />
<br />
4.Authentic Water (真水): Phoenix Mountain mineral springs<br />
<br />
"Five Element Theory" in its instrumentation:<br />
<br />
1.Purple clay teapots (Zisha) representing earth<br />
<br />
2.Phoenix wood charcoal fire symbolizing fire<br />
<br />
3.Jingdezhen porcelain cups embodying metal<br />
<br />
4.Mineral spring water from Phoenix Mountain as water<br />
<br />
5.Bamboo tea trays completing the wood element<br />
<br />
=== The 18-Step Alchemy: === <br />
<br />
1.White Crane Bathing (白鹤沐浴): Vessel warming ritual<br />
<br />
2.Phoenix Nodding (凤凰点头): Water temperature calibration<br />
<br />
3.Dragon Enters Palace (乌龙入宫): Leaf placement<br />
<br />
4.Circular Infusion (悬壶高冲): Aerated pouring<br />
<br />
5.Foam Scraping (春风拂面): Removing impurities<br />
<br />
6.Covered Steeping (熏蒸仙颜): Lid-sealed brewing<br />
<br />
7.Hot Spring Rinse (若琛出浴): Cup sterilization<br />
<br />
8.General Guan Patrols (关公巡城): Circular pouring for uniform concentration<br />
<br />
9.Han Xin Commands (韩信点兵): Final droplet distribution<br />
<br />
Contrary to perceived complexity, China Tea Culture Institute research confirms that mastery requires approximately 40 hours of systematic training. Standardized procedures refined over generations enable broad accessibility while maintaining philosophical depth – each gesture harmonizing cosmic principles (Daoist cosmology) through calculated kinetics.<br />
<br />
== '''Cultural Significance''' ==<br />
<br />
Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, a living fossil of Min-Yue tea culture, continues to exhibit strong vitality in contemporary society. Statistics indicate that 97% of households in the Chaozhou region own tea sets, with an annual per capita tea consumption exceeding 2.5 kilograms, reflecting the deep affection of local residents for tea culture. Additionally, Chaozhou Kangfu Tea was officially inscribed by China's State Council(2008)into the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, confirming its significant position in Chinese culture.<br />
The cultural influence of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea extends beyond the simple act of drinking tea, forming a unique "tea etiquette" system. For instance, the "three cups tea array" symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. The "finger-knocking ceremony" during tea serving preserves the legacy of Qing dynasty court etiquette, while the proverb "tea full deceive guests" reflects the philosophical wisdom of Chaozhou merchants in their social interactions. These elements collectively form the unique cultural connotations of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, representing a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity.<br />
<br />
[[File:Influence.jpg]]<br />
<br />
== '''Contemporary Development''' ==<br />
<br />
In contemporary practice, Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea dynamically preserves its essence while embracing innovation through institutional and digital channels. The 2019 establishment of a Cultural Ecology Reserve safeguards 21 traditional techniques, from lychee-charcoal roasting to ceramic aging, ensuring transmission of this ancient art. Simultaneously, a digital renaissance engages younger generations—tea artists demonstrate rituals like the "Phoenix Three Nods" on platforms like Douyin, amassing millions of views and reducing practitioners' average age from 58 to 34 within a decade. Global dissemination thrives through Chaozhou's six-million-strong diaspora, embedding the tradition across 56 countries where fusion ceremonies reinterpret its principles in cosmopolitan hubs from London to New York. Annual cultural festivals now attract over 120,000 visitors, while academic programs at twelve international universities study its socio-economic impact, transforming this regional ritual into a worldwide phenomenon.<br />
This living tradition exemplifies a rare cultural continuum where eleventh-century aesthetics flourish in the digital age. UNESCO's formal distinction between "Kang Hu Tea" (craftsmanship) and "Gongfu Tea" (martial arts) preserves crucial philosophical boundaries, honoring the ritual’s foundation in Confucian cultivation and Daoist cosmology. As a "liquid philosophy," its enduring power lies in adaptive precision—whether through VR ceremonies or diaspora tea houses—maintaining elemental harmony while connecting generations. Each mindfully prepared cup thus becomes a temporal vessel, carrying refined heritage into the future without sacrificing the artistry born of centuries of devotion.<br />
<br />
== '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br />
<br />
Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea 工夫茶<br />
<br />
Gongfu / Kung Fu 功夫<br />
<br />
Hokkien / Minnan dialect 闽南语<br />
<br />
Chaozhou dialect 潮州方言<br />
<br />
Middle Chinese 中古汉语<br />
<br />
Eastern Min pronunciation 闽东语<br />
<br />
Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs 《潮嘉风月记》<br />
<br />
tea preparation methodology 烹茶之法<br />
<br />
third-spring tender picks 三春嫩采<br />
<br />
traditional charcoal roasting 古法炭焙<br />
<br />
triple-roast-triple-air cycles 三烘三晾<br />
<br />
Four Refinements Doctrine 四精之道<br />
<br />
Refined Leaves 精茶<br />
<br />
Marvelous Utensils 妙器<br />
<br />
Living Fire 活火<br />
<br />
Authentic Water 真水<br />
<br />
Purple clay (Zisha) 紫砂<br />
<br />
Five Element Theory 五行说<br />
<br />
Jingdezhen porcelain cups 景德镇瓷杯<br />
<br />
Bamboo tea trays 竹茶盘<br />
<br />
White Crane Bathing 白鹤沐浴<br />
<br />
Phoenix Nodding 凤凰点头<br />
<br />
Dragon Enters Palace 乌龙入宫<br />
<br />
Circular Infusion 悬壶高冲<br />
<br />
Foam Scraping 春风拂面<br />
<br />
Covered Steeping 熏蒸仙颜<br />
<br />
Hot Spring Rinse 若琛出浴<br />
<br />
General Guan Patrols 关公巡城<br />
<br />
Han Xin Commands 韩信点兵<br />
<br />
National Intangible Cultural Heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产<br />
<br />
tea etiquette 茶礼<br />
<br />
three cups tea array 三杯茶阵<br />
<br />
heaven, earth, and man 天地人<br />
<br />
finger-knocking ceremony 叩指礼<br />
<br />
tea full deceive guests 茶满欺客<br />
<br />
Cultural Ecology Reserve 文化生态保护区<br />
<br />
Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context) 凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语）<br />
<br />
Douyin 抖音<br />
<br />
== '''Questions''' ==<br />
<br />
1. Origin of "Kang Hu Tea" term?<br />
<br />
2.Difference: 工夫 and 功夫?<br />
<br />
3. Earliest text for Kang Hu Tea?<br />
<br />
4. What is "Four Refinements"?<br />
<br />
5. Zisha teapot: which element?<br />
<br />
6. When listed as heritage?<br />
<br />
7. "Three cups array" symbolizes?<br />
<br />
8. Origin of "finger-knocking"?<br />
<br />
9. How digital preserves tea?<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''References''' ==<br />
<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. [State Council of the People's Republic of China. (2008, June 14). Notice on publishing the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage and the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage extension projects [Government notice]. Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm]<br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik. 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/. [ABoxTik. (2023, March 25). How to brew tea? 5 major tea brewing steps & essential tools! [Article]. ABoxTik. https://www.aboxtik.com/]<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p.75.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
= '''潮州工夫茶：一脉相承的茶道艺术''' =<br />
<br />
[[File:Kangfu.jpg]]<br />
<br />
== '''词源探析''' ==<br />
<br />
"工夫茶"一词的语源与"功夫"同根同源(Knight, 1840, p. 75)，源自汉语"工夫"（gōngfu）的闽南语发音kang-hu。（Mair, n.d.）其英文译名"Congou Tea"即来源于此。在潮州方言中，"工夫"（读作kanghu）蕴含"细致"、"精微"、"讲究"之意，这种发音特征完整保留在中古汉语的声韵体系中（闽东语实际读音：/køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/）(Mair, n.d.)。值得注意的是，现代汉语中"工夫"与"功夫"常被混淆，前者强调时间与技艺的积累，后者侧重力量与武术修为，这种区别在潮州茶文化中尤为重要。<br />
=== '''术语辨析''' ===<br />
<br />
• 工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea)<br />
<br />
• 功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha/kung fu tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''历史渊源''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶的文献记载可追溯至清代俞蛟《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法，被视为工夫茶文化最早的体系化记载。这种茶艺得名于其精微的制作工序：从茶叶的严选（仅取武夷岩茶中的"三春嫩采"）、古法炭焙（需经"三烘三晾"），到窖藏时的陶罐封存，每个环节都需耗费大量时间精力，可谓"工夫独到之处惟有自己心里最清楚。<br />
<br />
== '''技艺特征''' ==<br />
<br />
传统工夫茶的简单泡茶方式分四步（ABoxTik，2023），讲究"四精之道"：精茶、妙器、活火、真水。茶具组合遵循"孟臣罐、若琛杯、玉书煨、红泥炉"四大核心器具，发展出从简装八宝（茶船、盖碗、茶海等）到全套二十四器的完整体系。冲泡过程包含十八道精妙工序：从"白鹤沐浴"（温杯）到"关公巡城"（均匀分茶），每个动作都暗合天地之道。值得注意的是，虽然流程看似繁复，但经过代代传承已形成标准化操作，普通民众通过短期学习即可掌握精髓。<br />
<br />
[[File:rencha.jpg]]<br />
<br />
== '''文化影响''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶作为闽粤茶文化的活化石，始终在当代社会展现出强大的生命力。统计显示，潮汕地区97%的家庭拥有茶具，人均年茶叶消费量超过2.5公斤，彰显了当地居民对茶文化的深厚情感。此外，国务院（2008）将潮州工夫茶正式列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确立了其在中华文化中的重要地位。<br />
潮州工夫茶的文化影响超越了单纯的饮茶习俗，形成了独特的“茶礼”体系。例如，“三杯茶阵”象征着“天地人”三才之道，体现了中国传统哲学思想。斟茶过程中的“叩指礼”保留了清代宫廷礼仪的遗风，而“茶满欺客”这一俗谚则反映了潮商们在处世时的哲学智慧。这些元素共同构成了潮州工夫茶独特的文化内涵，体现了传统与现代的融合。<br />
<br />
== '''现代传承''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶在保持传统精髓的同时，积极拥抱创新。2019年，潮州建立了“工夫茶文化生态保护区”，将21项传统技艺列入保护名录，确保这门古老艺术的能够继续得到传承。年轻一代茶艺家通过短视频平台展示传统技法，如“凤凰三点头”，使潮州工夫茶焕发出新的活力。这种创新的传承方式不仅吸引了更多年轻人的关注，也为工夫茶文化的发展注入了新的动力。<br />
在国际舞台上，潮州工夫茶文化随着600万潮汕侨胞的足迹传播至56个国家和地区，成为中华文化的重要象征。无论是在国内还是国外，潮州工夫茶都在以其独特的魅力和深厚的文化底蕴，征服着越来越多的茶文化爱好者。通过现代传媒和全球化的影响，潮州工夫茶文化得以在传统与现代之间找到平衡，继续发扬光大。<br />
<br />
== '''术语与表达''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶 Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea<br />
<br />
功夫 Gongfu / Kung Fu<br />
<br />
闽南语 Hokkien / Minnan dialect<br />
<br />
潮州方言 Chaozhou dialect<br />
<br />
中古汉语 Middle Chinese<br />
<br />
闽东语 Eastern Min pronunciation<br />
<br />
《潮嘉风月记》 Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs<br />
<br />
烹茶之法 tea preparation methodology<br />
<br />
三春嫩采 third-spring tender picks<br />
<br />
古法炭焙 traditional charcoal roasting<br />
<br />
三烘三晾 triple-roast-triple-air cycles<br />
<br />
四精之道 Four Refinements Doctrine<br />
<br />
精茶 Refined Leaves<br />
<br />
妙器 Marvelous Utensils<br />
<br />
活火 Living Fire<br />
<br />
真水 Authentic Water<br />
<br />
紫砂 Purple clay (Zisha)<br />
<br />
五行说 Five Element Theory<br />
<br />
景德镇瓷杯 Jingdezhen porcelain cups<br />
<br />
竹茶盘 Bamboo tea trays<br />
<br />
白鹤沐浴 White Crane Bathing<br />
<br />
凤凰点头 Phoenix Nodding<br />
<br />
乌龙入宫 Dragon Enters Palace<br />
<br />
悬壶高冲 Circular Infusion<br />
<br />
春风拂面 Foam Scraping<br />
<br />
熏蒸仙颜 Covered Steeping<br />
<br />
若琛出浴 Hot Spring Rinse<br />
<br />
关公巡城 General Guan Patrols<br />
<br />
韩信点兵 Han Xin Commands<br />
<br />
国家级非物质文化遗产 National Intangible Cultural Heritage<br />
<br />
茶礼 tea etiquette<br />
<br />
三杯茶阵 three cups tea array<br />
<br />
天地人 heaven, earth, and man<br />
<br />
叩指礼 finger-knocking ceremony<br />
<br />
茶满欺客 tea full deceive guests<br />
<br />
文化生态保护区 Cultural Ecology Reserve<br />
<br />
凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语） Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context)<br />
<br />
抖音 Douyin<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''问题：''' ==<br />
<br />
1. “工夫茶”词源何处？<br />
<br />
2. 工夫与功夫何区别？<br />
<br />
3. 工夫茶最早文献是？<br />
<br />
4. “四精之道”指什么？<br />
<br />
5. 紫砂壶代表五行何？<br />
<br />
6. 何时列入非遗名录？<br />
<br />
7. “三杯茶阵”象征啥？<br />
<br />
8. “叩指礼”源自何处？<br />
<br />
9. 如何数字传承工夫茶？<br />
<br />
== '''文献参考''' ==<br />
<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. [State Council of the People's Republic of China. (2008, June 14). Notice on publishing the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage and the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage extension projects [Government notice]. Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm]<br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik. 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/. [ABoxTik. (2023, March 25). How to brew tea? 5 major tea brewing steps & essential tools! [Article]. ABoxTik. https://www.aboxtik.com/]<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p.75.</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Rencha.jpg&diff=168023File:Rencha.jpg2025-06-05T15:42:41Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
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<div></div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Kangfu.jpg&diff=168021File:Kangfu.jpg2025-06-05T15:42:11Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
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<div></div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Influence.jpg&diff=168018File:Influence.jpg2025-06-05T15:41:06Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Ea9569f92c.jpg&diff=168010File:Ea9569f92c.jpg2025-06-05T15:38:20Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
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<div></div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Cai_Yichun&diff=168003User:Cai Yichun2025-06-05T15:13:08Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
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<div>= '''Tang Xianzu''' =<br />
Tang Xianzu (1550–1616), styled Yiren, and known by the sobriquets Hairuo, Ruoshi, and Qingyuan Daoren, hailed from Linchuan, Jiangxi Province. An outstanding playwright and litterateur of the Ming Dynasty, he is acclaimed as the "Shakespeare of the East." His life spanned the reigns of Jiajing, Longqing, and Wanli. Amidst social transformations and ideological upheavals, he profoundly mirrored the characteristics of his era through the medium of opera.<br />
<br />
Tang Xianzu was born into a scholarly family in Linchuan. His great-grandfather was a Neo-Confucian scholar in the Yuan Dynasty; his grandfather was proficient in music, as well as Huang-Lao philosophy; and his father, a juren (a successful candidate in the provincial imperial examination), highly valued integrity and moral principles. From an early age, Tang demonstrated remarkable intelligence: he could compose couplets at five, authored a poetry collection at twelve, became a county student at fourteen, and ranked eighth in the Jiangxi provincial imperial examination at twenty-one. Influenced by Luo Rufang of the Taizhou School during his youth, he developed an understanding of "emotion" (qing), laying the groundwork for his future creative works. However, his path through the imperial examinations was arduous. By rejecting the overtures of the powerful Prime Minister Zhang Juzheng, he failed the national imperial examination five times. It was not until the age of thirty-four that he finally passed the examination and was appointed as a Doctoral Assistant at the Nanjing Office of Imperial Sacrifices.<br />
<br />
During his tenure in Nanjing, despite holding a relatively minor position, Tang Xianzu keenly observed the political corruption of the late Ming Dynasty. In 1591, he submitted the Memorial on Cabinet Ministers and Censor Officials, impeaching powerful ministers and exposing malpractices such as imperial examination fraud. This angered Emperor Wanli, and Tang was demoted to the low-ranking position of Dian Shi in Xuwen County, Guangdong. In Xuwen, he established the Guisheng Academy, spreading the concept that "human nature is the most precious in the universe." Later transferred to serve as the Magistrate of Suichang County, Zhejiang, he reduced corvée labor, founded academies, and implemented benevolent governance. Nevertheless, due to offending the interests of the bureaucratic system, he indignantly resigned in 1598 to focus solely on opera creation.<br />
<br />
After retiring from official life, Tang Xianzu entered his creative prime. At the Yuming Hall in Linchuan, he completed four masterpieces: The Peony Pavilion, The Purple Hairpin, The Handan Dream, and The Nanke Dream, collectively known as the "Four Dreams of Linchuan." The Peony Pavilion tells the story of Du Liniang, who "dies for love and is revived by love," breaking through the shackles of feudal ethics and advocating for the liberation of human nature. The Purple Hairpin uses a tragic love story to denounce the oppression of the powerful; The Handan Dream and The Nanke Dream expose the corruption of the imperial examination system and the vanity of officialdom through absurd dream narratives. In his theatrical theory, Tang advocated that "all music originates from the human heart." His views clashed with those of Shen Jing of the Wujiang School, who emphasized "adherence to musical rhythms and rules," sparking the famous "Tang-Shen Debate." Tang emphasized that opera should prioritize "emotion" over "rules," highlighting the trend of individual liberation.<br />
<br />
In his later years, Tang Xianzu led a reclusive life in Linchuan, integrating Confucian, Buddhist, and Taoist thoughts. He associated with eminent monks and disciples of the School of the Mind, criticizing the rigidity of Neo-Confucianism while upholding Confucian integrity. He also engaged in local affairs, compiling county annals and participating in water conservancy projects. In 1616, Tang Xianzu passed away. On his deathbed, he admonished students to "fear the lack of moral conduct," fully embodying the spirit of a scholarly gentleman.<br />
<br />
Using opera as his brush, Tang Xianzu wrote about the pursuit of human freedom. His works became a precursor to the enlightenment trend in the late Ming Dynasty. Still vibrant on the stage today, they stand as classic masterpieces in Chinese culture that showcase the authenticity of life.<br />
== Terms and Expressions ==<br />
汤显祖 Tang Xianzu<br />
临川四梦 Four Dreams of Linchuan<br />
泰州学派 Taizhou School<br />
《论辅臣科臣疏》 Memorial on Cabinet Ministers and Censor Officials<br />
贵生书院 Guisheng Academy<br />
汤沈之争 Tang-Shen Debate<br />
吴江派 Wujiang School<br />
黄老之学 Huang-Lao Philosophy<br />
科举舞弊 Imperial Examination Fraud<br />
心学 School of the Mind<br />
== Question ==<br />
1.What was the direct political reason for Tang Xianzu's repeated setbacks in the imperial examination system? What was the turning point for him to eventually pass the imperial examination as a jinshi? <br />
2. How did Tang Xianzu's family background shape his ideological character? Please provide a detailed explanation in combination with the description of the three generations of learning and cultivation of his family in the text. <br />
What "benevolent governance" measures did Tang Xianzu implement during his tenure as the magistrate of Suichang? How do these measures reflect his "valuing students" ideology? <br />
4. How did the "Four Dreams of Linchuan" challenge the Neo-Confucianism of Cheng and Zhu through the imagery of "dreams"? Take "The Peony Pavilion" as an example to analyze Tang Xianzu's view of "extreme love". <br />
5. How did Tang Xianzu's later thoughts reflect the integration of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism? What were Lu Xun's classic comments on his works?<br />
= '''汤显祖''' =<br />
汤显祖（1550—1616），字义仍，号海若、若士、清远道人，江西临川人，明代杰出的戏曲家、文学家，被誉为 “东方莎士比亚” 。其人生轨迹贯穿嘉靖、隆庆、万历三朝，在社会变革与思想激荡中，以戏曲为媒介，深刻反映时代特征。<br />
汤显祖出身临川书香门第，高祖为元代理学家，祖父精通音律与黄老之学，父亲是举人，重气节。自幼聪慧的他 5 岁能属对，12 岁著诗集，14 岁成县诸生，21 岁中江西乡试第八名。青年时受泰州学派罗汝芳影响，形成对 “情” 的认知，为日后创作埋下伏笔。然而，科举之路坎坷，因拒绝权相张居正拉拢，他五次会试落第，直至 34 岁才中进士，授南京太常寺博士。<br />
在南京任职期间，汤显祖虽为闲职，却洞察晚明政治腐败。1591 年，他上《论辅臣科臣疏》弹劾权臣，揭露科举舞弊等时弊，触怒神宗，被贬为广东徐闻县典史。在徐闻，他兴办 “贵生书院”，传播 “天地之性人为贵” 理念。后迁任浙江遂昌知县，减徭役、办书院、施仁政，但因触动官僚体系利益，1598 年愤然辞官，专注戏曲创作。<br />
弃官归乡后，汤显祖迎来创作巅峰，在临川玉茗堂完成《牡丹亭》《紫钗记》《邯郸记》《南柯记》，合称 “临川四梦”。《牡丹亭》以杜丽娘 “因情而死，因情复生” 的故事，突破礼教束缚，高呼人性解放；《紫钗记》借爱情悲剧控诉权贵压迫；《邯郸记》《南柯记》以荒诞梦境揭露科举腐败与官场虚妄。他在戏曲理论上主张 “凡音之起，由人心生”，与吴江派沈璟 “合律依腔” 的观点形成 “汤沈之争”，强调戏曲应重 “情” 轻 “法”，彰显个性解放思潮。<br />
晚年的汤显祖隐居临川，思想融合儒释道。他与高僧、心学弟子交往，既批判理学僵化，又坚守儒家节义。同时，他投身地方事务，编纂县志、参与水利工程。1616 年，汤显祖病逝，临终仍告诫诸生 “患无行耳”，尽显文人风骨。<br />
汤显祖以戏曲为笔，书写对人性自由的追求，其作品成为晚明启蒙思潮的先声，至今仍在舞台上焕发活力，是中华文化中彰显生命本真的经典之作。<br />
<br />
<br />
== 问题：==<br />
1. 汤显祖科举之路屡次受挫的直接政治原因是什么？他最终中进士的契机是什么？<br />
2. 汤显祖的家族背景如何塑造了他的思想品格？请结合文中对其家族三代学养的描述具体说明。<br />
3. 在遂昌知县任上，汤显祖实施了哪些"仁政"举措？这些举措如何体现其"贵生"思想？<br />
4. "临川四梦"如何通过"梦"的意象挑战程朱理学？以《牡丹亭》为例分析汤显祖的"情至"观。<br />
5. 汤显祖晚年思想如何体现儒释道的交融？鲁迅对其作品有何经典评价？ <br />
<br />
== 参考文献：==<br />
汤显祖.《牡丹亭》[M]. 万历二十六年（1598）.<br />
汤显祖.《宜黄县戏神清源师庙记》[A].<br />
汤显祖.《贵生书院说》[A].<br />
蒋防（唐）.《霍小玉传》[M].<br />
沈既济（唐）.《枕中记》《南柯太守传》[M].<br />
王国维.《人间词话》[M].</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Zheng_Kaiwu&diff=167727User:Zheng Kaiwu2025-06-05T09:24:11Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
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<div>= '''Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea: The Art of Precision''' =<br />
<br />
== '''Etymological Origins''' ==<br />
<br />
The term "Kang Hu Tea" (工夫茶) shares its linguistic roots with "Gongfu" (功夫)(Knight, 1840, p. 75), originating from the Hokkien pronunciation "kang-hu" of the Chinese characters 工夫 (gōngfu). Its Western designation "Congou Tea" derives directly from this Minnan phonetic rendering.（Mair, n.d.） Within the Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫) conveys profound connotations of "meticulousness," "precision," and "fastidious refinement" – phonological traits preserved from Middle Chinese (Eastern Min pronunciation: /køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/) (Mair, n.d.).<br />
A critical distinction exists in modern Chinese between 工夫 (craftsmanship) and 功夫 (martial prowess), often erroneously conflated. The former emphasizes cumulative mastery through temporal dedication, while the latter denotes physical combat skills. This semantic precision is paramount in Chaozhou tea culture, where the very name embodies Confucian values of cultivated artistry.<br />
===Terminological Clarification===<br />
<br />
•工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea ceremony)<br />
<br />
•功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha / Kung Fu Tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''Historical Context''' ==<br />
<br />
Documented in Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs (《潮嘉风月记》(1801), this tradition traces its origins to Song Dynasty tea rituals, achieving maturity during the Qianlong era (1735-1796). The text provides the earliest systematic record of Chaozhou's "tea preparation methodology," cementing Kang Hu Tea's cultural framework.<br />
=== The nomenclature reflects extraordinary production exactitude: === <br />
<br />
A.Leaf Selection: Exclusively "third-spring tender picks" (三春嫩采) from Wuyi rock tea cultivars<br />
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B.Processing: Nine-stage traditional charcoal roasting (古法炭焙) using lychee wood in "triple-roast-triple-air" cycles (三烘三晾)<br />
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C.Aging: Ceramic-jar storage with humidity-controlled fermentation<br />
<br />
Historical archives attest that 19th-century tea masters invested 72 continuous hours monitoring sub-45°C fermentation conditions – validating the "Kang Hu" (labor-intensive) designation. As practitioners acknowledged: "The true depth of craftsmanship is known only to the master's heart."<br />
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== '''Technical Specifications''' ==<br />
<br />
As it is mentioned above, Kang Hu Tea has itself a quite quantity of complex steps to follow and own spirit behind. It follows four simple steps（ABoxTik，2023） and the === "Four Refinements Doctrine" (四精之道): === <br />
<br />
1.Refined Leaves (精茶): Wuyi Oolong specifications<br />
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2.Marvelous Utensils (妙器): Purple clay (Zisha) teapots symbolizing earth<br />
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3.Living Fire (活火): Phoenix wood charcoal representing fire<br />
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4.Authentic Water (真水): Phoenix Mountain mineral springs<br />
<br />
"Five Element Theory" in its instrumentation:<br />
<br />
1.Purple clay teapots (Zisha) representing earth<br />
<br />
2.Phoenix wood charcoal fire symbolizing fire<br />
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3.Jingdezhen porcelain cups embodying metal<br />
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4.Mineral spring water from Phoenix Mountain as water<br />
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5.Bamboo tea trays completing the wood element<br />
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=== The 18-Step Alchemy: === <br />
<br />
1.White Crane Bathing (白鹤沐浴): Vessel warming ritual<br />
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2.Phoenix Nodding (凤凰点头): Water temperature calibration<br />
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3.Dragon Enters Palace (乌龙入宫): Leaf placement<br />
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4.Circular Infusion (悬壶高冲): Aerated pouring<br />
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5.Foam Scraping (春风拂面): Removing impurities<br />
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6.Covered Steeping (熏蒸仙颜): Lid-sealed brewing<br />
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7.Hot Spring Rinse (若琛出浴): Cup sterilization<br />
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8.General Guan Patrols (关公巡城): Circular pouring for uniform concentration<br />
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9.Han Xin Commands (韩信点兵): Final droplet distribution<br />
<br />
Contrary to perceived complexity, China Tea Culture Institute research confirms that mastery requires approximately 40 hours of systematic training. Standardized procedures refined over generations enable broad accessibility while maintaining philosophical depth – each gesture harmonizing cosmic principles (Daoist cosmology) through calculated kinetics.<br />
<br />
== '''Cultural Significance''' ==<br />
<br />
Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, a living fossil of Min-Yue tea culture, continues to exhibit strong vitality in contemporary society. Statistics indicate that 97% of households in the Chaozhou region own tea sets, with an annual per capita tea consumption exceeding 2.5 kilograms, reflecting the deep affection of local residents for tea culture. Additionally, Chaozhou Kangfu Tea was officially inscribed by China's State Council(2008)into the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, confirming its significant position in Chinese culture.<br />
The cultural influence of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea extends beyond the simple act of drinking tea, forming a unique "tea etiquette" system. For instance, the "three cups tea array" symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. The "finger-knocking ceremony" during tea serving preserves the legacy of Qing dynasty court etiquette, while the proverb "tea full deceive guests" reflects the philosophical wisdom of Chaozhou merchants in their social interactions. These elements collectively form the unique cultural connotations of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, representing a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity.<br />
<br />
== '''Contemporary Development''' ==<br />
<br />
In contemporary practice, Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea dynamically preserves its essence while embracing innovation through institutional and digital channels. The 2019 establishment of a Cultural Ecology Reserve safeguards 21 traditional techniques, from lychee-charcoal roasting to ceramic aging, ensuring transmission of this ancient art. Simultaneously, a digital renaissance engages younger generations—tea artists demonstrate rituals like the "Phoenix Three Nods" on platforms like Douyin, amassing millions of views and reducing practitioners' average age from 58 to 34 within a decade. Global dissemination thrives through Chaozhou's six-million-strong diaspora, embedding the tradition across 56 countries where fusion ceremonies reinterpret its principles in cosmopolitan hubs from London to New York. Annual cultural festivals now attract over 120,000 visitors, while academic programs at twelve international universities study its socio-economic impact, transforming this regional ritual into a worldwide phenomenon.<br />
This living tradition exemplifies a rare cultural continuum where eleventh-century aesthetics flourish in the digital age. UNESCO's formal distinction between "Kang Hu Tea" (craftsmanship) and "Gongfu Tea" (martial arts) preserves crucial philosophical boundaries, honoring the ritual’s foundation in Confucian cultivation and Daoist cosmology. As a "liquid philosophy," its enduring power lies in adaptive precision—whether through VR ceremonies or diaspora tea houses—maintaining elemental harmony while connecting generations. Each mindfully prepared cup thus becomes a temporal vessel, carrying refined heritage into the future without sacrificing the artistry born of centuries of devotion.<br />
<br />
== '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br />
<br />
Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea 工夫茶<br />
<br />
Gongfu / Kung Fu 功夫<br />
<br />
Hokkien / Minnan dialect 闽南语<br />
<br />
Chaozhou dialect 潮州方言<br />
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Middle Chinese 中古汉语<br />
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Eastern Min pronunciation 闽东语<br />
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Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs 《潮嘉风月记》<br />
<br />
tea preparation methodology 烹茶之法<br />
<br />
third-spring tender picks 三春嫩采<br />
<br />
traditional charcoal roasting 古法炭焙<br />
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triple-roast-triple-air cycles 三烘三晾<br />
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Four Refinements Doctrine 四精之道<br />
<br />
Refined Leaves 精茶<br />
<br />
Marvelous Utensils 妙器<br />
<br />
Living Fire 活火<br />
<br />
Authentic Water 真水<br />
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Purple clay (Zisha) 紫砂<br />
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Five Element Theory 五行说<br />
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Jingdezhen porcelain cups 景德镇瓷杯<br />
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Bamboo tea trays 竹茶盘<br />
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White Crane Bathing 白鹤沐浴<br />
<br />
Phoenix Nodding 凤凰点头<br />
<br />
Dragon Enters Palace 乌龙入宫<br />
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Circular Infusion 悬壶高冲<br />
<br />
Foam Scraping 春风拂面<br />
<br />
Covered Steeping 熏蒸仙颜<br />
<br />
Hot Spring Rinse 若琛出浴<br />
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General Guan Patrols 关公巡城<br />
<br />
Han Xin Commands 韩信点兵<br />
<br />
National Intangible Cultural Heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产<br />
<br />
tea etiquette 茶礼<br />
<br />
three cups tea array 三杯茶阵<br />
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heaven, earth, and man 天地人<br />
<br />
finger-knocking ceremony 叩指礼<br />
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tea full deceive guests 茶满欺客<br />
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Cultural Ecology Reserve 文化生态保护区<br />
<br />
Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context) 凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语）<br />
<br />
Douyin 抖音<br />
<br />
== '''Questions''' ==<br />
<br />
1. Origin of "Kang Hu Tea" term?<br />
<br />
2.Difference: 工夫 and 功夫?<br />
<br />
3. Earliest text for Kang Hu Tea?<br />
<br />
4. What is "Four Refinements"?<br />
<br />
5. Zisha teapot: which element?<br />
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6. When listed as heritage?<br />
<br />
7. "Three cups array" symbolizes?<br />
<br />
8. Origin of "finger-knocking"?<br />
<br />
9. How digital preserves tea?<br />
<br />
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== '''References''' ==<br />
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[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. [State Council of the People's Republic of China. (2008, June 14). Notice on publishing the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage and the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage extension projects [Government notice]. Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm]<br />
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[3]ABoxTik. 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/. [ABoxTik. (2023, March 25). How to brew tea? 5 major tea brewing steps & essential tools! [Article]. ABoxTik. https://www.aboxtik.com/]<br />
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[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p.75.<br />
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= '''潮州工夫茶：一脉相承的茶道艺术''' =<br />
<br />
== '''词源探析''' ==<br />
<br />
"工夫茶"一词的语源与"功夫"同根同源(Knight, 1840, p. 75)，源自汉语"工夫"（gōngfu）的闽南语发音kang-hu。（Mair, n.d.）其英文译名"Congou Tea"即来源于此。在潮州方言中，"工夫"（读作kanghu）蕴含"细致"、"精微"、"讲究"之意，这种发音特征完整保留在中古汉语的声韵体系中（闽东语实际读音：/køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/）(Mair, n.d.)。值得注意的是，现代汉语中"工夫"与"功夫"常被混淆，前者强调时间与技艺的积累，后者侧重力量与武术修为，这种区别在潮州茶文化中尤为重要。<br />
=== '''术语辨析''' ===<br />
<br />
• 工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea)<br />
<br />
• 功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha/kung fu tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''历史渊源''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶的文献记载可追溯至清代俞蛟《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法，被视为工夫茶文化最早的体系化记载。这种茶艺得名于其精微的制作工序：从茶叶的严选（仅取武夷岩茶中的"三春嫩采"）、古法炭焙（需经"三烘三晾"），到窖藏时的陶罐封存，每个环节都需耗费大量时间精力，可谓"工夫独到之处惟有自己心里最清楚。<br />
<br />
== '''技艺特征''' ==<br />
<br />
传统工夫茶的简单泡茶方式分四步（ABoxTik，2023），讲究"四精之道"：精茶、妙器、活火、真水。茶具组合遵循"孟臣罐、若琛杯、玉书煨、红泥炉"四大核心器具，发展出从简装八宝（茶船、盖碗、茶海等）到全套二十四器的完整体系。冲泡过程包含十八道精妙工序：从"白鹤沐浴"（温杯）到"关公巡城"（均匀分茶），每个动作都暗合天地之道。值得注意的是，虽然流程看似繁复，但经过代代传承已形成标准化操作，普通民众通过短期学习即可掌握精髓。<br />
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== '''文化影响''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶作为闽粤茶文化的活化石，始终在当代社会展现出强大的生命力。统计显示，潮汕地区97%的家庭拥有茶具，人均年茶叶消费量超过2.5公斤，彰显了当地居民对茶文化的深厚情感。此外，国务院（2008）将潮州工夫茶正式列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确立了其在中华文化中的重要地位。<br />
潮州工夫茶的文化影响超越了单纯的饮茶习俗，形成了独特的“茶礼”体系。例如，“三杯茶阵”象征着“天地人”三才之道，体现了中国传统哲学思想。斟茶过程中的“叩指礼”保留了清代宫廷礼仪的遗风，而“茶满欺客”这一俗谚则反映了潮商们在处世时的哲学智慧。这些元素共同构成了潮州工夫茶独特的文化内涵，体现了传统与现代的融合。<br />
<br />
== '''现代传承''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶在保持传统精髓的同时，积极拥抱创新。2019年，潮州建立了“工夫茶文化生态保护区”，将21项传统技艺列入保护名录，确保这门古老艺术的能够继续得到传承。年轻一代茶艺家通过短视频平台展示传统技法，如“凤凰三点头”，使潮州工夫茶焕发出新的活力。这种创新的传承方式不仅吸引了更多年轻人的关注，也为工夫茶文化的发展注入了新的动力。<br />
在国际舞台上，潮州工夫茶文化随着600万潮汕侨胞的足迹传播至56个国家和地区，成为中华文化的重要象征。无论是在国内还是国外，潮州工夫茶都在以其独特的魅力和深厚的文化底蕴，征服着越来越多的茶文化爱好者。通过现代传媒和全球化的影响，潮州工夫茶文化得以在传统与现代之间找到平衡，继续发扬光大。<br />
<br />
== '''术语与表达''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶 Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea<br />
<br />
功夫 Gongfu / Kung Fu<br />
<br />
闽南语 Hokkien / Minnan dialect<br />
<br />
潮州方言 Chaozhou dialect<br />
<br />
中古汉语 Middle Chinese<br />
<br />
闽东语 Eastern Min pronunciation<br />
<br />
《潮嘉风月记》 Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs<br />
<br />
烹茶之法 tea preparation methodology<br />
<br />
三春嫩采 third-spring tender picks<br />
<br />
古法炭焙 traditional charcoal roasting<br />
<br />
三烘三晾 triple-roast-triple-air cycles<br />
<br />
四精之道 Four Refinements Doctrine<br />
<br />
精茶 Refined Leaves<br />
<br />
妙器 Marvelous Utensils<br />
<br />
活火 Living Fire<br />
<br />
真水 Authentic Water<br />
<br />
紫砂 Purple clay (Zisha)<br />
<br />
五行说 Five Element Theory<br />
<br />
景德镇瓷杯 Jingdezhen porcelain cups<br />
<br />
竹茶盘 Bamboo tea trays<br />
<br />
白鹤沐浴 White Crane Bathing<br />
<br />
凤凰点头 Phoenix Nodding<br />
<br />
乌龙入宫 Dragon Enters Palace<br />
<br />
悬壶高冲 Circular Infusion<br />
<br />
春风拂面 Foam Scraping<br />
<br />
熏蒸仙颜 Covered Steeping<br />
<br />
若琛出浴 Hot Spring Rinse<br />
<br />
关公巡城 General Guan Patrols<br />
<br />
韩信点兵 Han Xin Commands<br />
<br />
国家级非物质文化遗产 National Intangible Cultural Heritage<br />
<br />
茶礼 tea etiquette<br />
<br />
三杯茶阵 three cups tea array<br />
<br />
天地人 heaven, earth, and man<br />
<br />
叩指礼 finger-knocking ceremony<br />
<br />
茶满欺客 tea full deceive guests<br />
<br />
文化生态保护区 Cultural Ecology Reserve<br />
<br />
凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语） Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context)<br />
<br />
抖音 Douyin<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''问题：''' ==<br />
<br />
1. “工夫茶”词源何处？<br />
<br />
2. 工夫与功夫何区别？<br />
<br />
3. 工夫茶最早文献是？<br />
<br />
4. “四精之道”指什么？<br />
<br />
5. 紫砂壶代表五行何？<br />
<br />
6. 何时列入非遗名录？<br />
<br />
7. “三杯茶阵”象征啥？<br />
<br />
8. “叩指礼”源自何处？<br />
<br />
9. 如何数字传承工夫茶？<br />
<br />
== '''文献参考''' ==<br />
<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. [State Council of the People's Republic of China. (2008, June 14). Notice on publishing the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage and the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage extension projects [Government notice]. Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm]<br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik. 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/. [ABoxTik. (2023, March 25). How to brew tea? 5 major tea brewing steps & essential tools! [Article]. ABoxTik. https://www.aboxtik.com/]<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p.75.</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Zheng_Kaiwu&diff=167712User:Zheng Kaiwu2025-06-05T09:18:29Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
<hr />
<div>= '''Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea: The Art of Precision''' =<br />
<br />
== '''Etymological Origins''' ==<br />
<br />
The term "Kang Hu Tea" (工夫茶) shares its linguistic roots with "Gongfu" (功夫)(Knight, 1840, p. 75), originating from the Hokkien pronunciation "kang-hu" of the Chinese characters 工夫 (gōngfu). Its Western designation "Congou Tea" derives directly from this Minnan phonetic rendering.（Mair, n.d.） Within the Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫) conveys profound connotations of "meticulousness," "precision," and "fastidious refinement" – phonological traits preserved from Middle Chinese (Eastern Min pronunciation: /køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/) (Mair, n.d.).<br />
A critical distinction exists in modern Chinese between 工夫 (craftsmanship) and 功夫 (martial prowess), often erroneously conflated. The former emphasizes cumulative mastery through temporal dedication, while the latter denotes physical combat skills. This semantic precision is paramount in Chaozhou tea culture, where the very name embodies Confucian values of cultivated artistry.<br />
===Terminological Clarification===<br />
<br />
•工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea ceremony)<br />
<br />
•功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha / Kung Fu Tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''Historical Context''' ==<br />
<br />
Documented in Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs (《潮嘉风月记》(1801), this tradition traces its origins to Song Dynasty tea rituals, achieving maturity during the Qianlong era (1735-1796). The text provides the earliest systematic record of Chaozhou's "tea preparation methodology," cementing Kang Hu Tea's cultural framework.<br />
=== The nomenclature reflects extraordinary production exactitude: === <br />
<br />
A.Leaf Selection: Exclusively "third-spring tender picks" (三春嫩采) from Wuyi rock tea cultivars<br />
<br />
B.Processing: Nine-stage traditional charcoal roasting (古法炭焙) using lychee wood in "triple-roast-triple-air" cycles (三烘三晾)<br />
<br />
C.Aging: Ceramic-jar storage with humidity-controlled fermentation<br />
<br />
Historical archives attest that 19th-century tea masters invested 72 continuous hours monitoring sub-45°C fermentation conditions – validating the "Kang Hu" (labor-intensive) designation. As practitioners acknowledged: "The true depth of craftsmanship is known only to the master's heart."<br />
<br />
== '''Technical Specifications''' ==<br />
<br />
As it is mentioned above, Kang Hu Tea has itself a quite quantity of complex steps to follow and own spirit behind. It follows four simple steps（ABoxTik，2023） and the === "Four Refinements Doctrine" (四精之道): === <br />
<br />
1.Refined Leaves (精茶): Wuyi Oolong specifications<br />
<br />
2.Marvelous Utensils (妙器): Purple clay (Zisha) teapots symbolizing earth<br />
<br />
3.Living Fire (活火): Phoenix wood charcoal representing fire<br />
<br />
4.Authentic Water (真水): Phoenix Mountain mineral springs<br />
<br />
"Five Element Theory" in its instrumentation:<br />
<br />
1.Purple clay teapots (Zisha) representing earth<br />
<br />
2.Phoenix wood charcoal fire symbolizing fire<br />
<br />
3.Jingdezhen porcelain cups embodying metal<br />
<br />
4.Mineral spring water from Phoenix Mountain as water<br />
<br />
5.Bamboo tea trays completing the wood element<br />
<br />
=== The 18-Step Alchemy: === <br />
<br />
1.White Crane Bathing (白鹤沐浴): Vessel warming ritual<br />
<br />
2.Phoenix Nodding (凤凰点头): Water temperature calibration<br />
<br />
3.Dragon Enters Palace (乌龙入宫): Leaf placement<br />
<br />
4.Circular Infusion (悬壶高冲): Aerated pouring<br />
<br />
5.Foam Scraping (春风拂面): Removing impurities<br />
<br />
6.Covered Steeping (熏蒸仙颜): Lid-sealed brewing<br />
<br />
7.Hot Spring Rinse (若琛出浴): Cup sterilization<br />
<br />
8.General Guan Patrols (关公巡城): Circular pouring for uniform concentration<br />
<br />
9.Han Xin Commands (韩信点兵): Final droplet distribution<br />
<br />
Contrary to perceived complexity, China Tea Culture Institute research confirms that mastery requires approximately 40 hours of systematic training. Standardized procedures refined over generations enable broad accessibility while maintaining philosophical depth – each gesture harmonizing cosmic principles (Daoist cosmology) through calculated kinetics.<br />
<br />
== '''Cultural Significance''' ==<br />
<br />
Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, a living fossil of Min-Yue tea culture, continues to exhibit strong vitality in contemporary society. Statistics indicate that 97% of households in the Chaozhou region own tea sets, with an annual per capita tea consumption exceeding 2.5 kilograms, reflecting the deep affection of local residents for tea culture. Additionally, Chaozhou Kangfu Tea was officially inscribed by China's State Council(2008)into the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, confirming its significant position in Chinese culture.<br />
The cultural influence of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea extends beyond the simple act of drinking tea, forming a unique "tea etiquette" system. For instance, the "three cups tea array" symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. The "finger-knocking ceremony" during tea serving preserves the legacy of Qing dynasty court etiquette, while the proverb "tea full deceive guests" reflects the philosophical wisdom of Chaozhou merchants in their social interactions. These elements collectively form the unique cultural connotations of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, representing a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity.<br />
<br />
== '''Contemporary Development''' ==<br />
<br />
In contemporary practice, Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea dynamically preserves its essence while embracing innovation through institutional and digital channels. The 2019 establishment of a Cultural Ecology Reserve safeguards 21 traditional techniques, from lychee-charcoal roasting to ceramic aging, ensuring transmission of this ancient art. Simultaneously, a digital renaissance engages younger generations—tea artists demonstrate rituals like the "Phoenix Three Nods" on platforms like Douyin, amassing millions of views and reducing practitioners' average age from 58 to 34 within a decade. Global dissemination thrives through Chaozhou's six-million-strong diaspora, embedding the tradition across 56 countries where fusion ceremonies reinterpret its principles in cosmopolitan hubs from London to New York. Annual cultural festivals now attract over 120,000 visitors, while academic programs at twelve international universities study its socio-economic impact, transforming this regional ritual into a worldwide phenomenon.<br />
This living tradition exemplifies a rare cultural continuum where eleventh-century aesthetics flourish in the digital age. UNESCO's formal distinction between "Kang Hu Tea" (craftsmanship) and "Gongfu Tea" (martial arts) preserves crucial philosophical boundaries, honoring the ritual’s foundation in Confucian cultivation and Daoist cosmology. As a "liquid philosophy," its enduring power lies in adaptive precision—whether through VR ceremonies or diaspora tea houses—maintaining elemental harmony while connecting generations. Each mindfully prepared cup thus becomes a temporal vessel, carrying refined heritage into the future without sacrificing the artistry born of centuries of devotion.<br />
<br />
== '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br />
<br />
Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea 工夫茶<br />
<br />
Gongfu / Kung Fu 功夫<br />
<br />
Hokkien / Minnan dialect 闽南语<br />
<br />
Chaozhou dialect 潮州方言<br />
<br />
Middle Chinese 中古汉语<br />
<br />
Eastern Min pronunciation 闽东语<br />
<br />
Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs 《潮嘉风月记》<br />
<br />
tea preparation methodology 烹茶之法<br />
<br />
third-spring tender picks 三春嫩采<br />
<br />
traditional charcoal roasting 古法炭焙<br />
<br />
triple-roast-triple-air cycles 三烘三晾<br />
<br />
Four Refinements Doctrine 四精之道<br />
<br />
Refined Leaves 精茶<br />
<br />
Marvelous Utensils 妙器<br />
<br />
Living Fire 活火<br />
<br />
Authentic Water 真水<br />
<br />
Purple clay (Zisha) 紫砂<br />
<br />
Five Element Theory 五行说<br />
<br />
Jingdezhen porcelain cups 景德镇瓷杯<br />
<br />
Bamboo tea trays 竹茶盘<br />
<br />
White Crane Bathing 白鹤沐浴<br />
<br />
Phoenix Nodding 凤凰点头<br />
<br />
Dragon Enters Palace 乌龙入宫<br />
<br />
Circular Infusion 悬壶高冲<br />
<br />
Foam Scraping 春风拂面<br />
<br />
Covered Steeping 熏蒸仙颜<br />
<br />
Hot Spring Rinse 若琛出浴<br />
<br />
General Guan Patrols 关公巡城<br />
<br />
Han Xin Commands 韩信点兵<br />
<br />
National Intangible Cultural Heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产<br />
<br />
tea etiquette 茶礼<br />
<br />
three cups tea array 三杯茶阵<br />
<br />
heaven, earth, and man 天地人<br />
<br />
finger-knocking ceremony 叩指礼<br />
<br />
tea full deceive guests 茶满欺客<br />
<br />
Cultural Ecology Reserve 文化生态保护区<br />
<br />
Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context) 凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语）<br />
<br />
Douyin 抖音<br />
<br />
== '''Questions''' ==<br />
<br />
1. Origin of "Kang Hu Tea" term?<br />
<br />
2.Difference: 工夫 and 功夫?<br />
<br />
3. Earliest text for Kang Hu Tea?<br />
<br />
4. What is "Four Refinements"?<br />
<br />
5. Zisha teapot: which element?<br />
<br />
6. When listed as heritage?<br />
<br />
7. "Three cups array" symbolizes?<br />
<br />
8. Origin of "finger-knocking"?<br />
<br />
9. How digital preserves tea?<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''References''' ==<br />
<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. <br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/.<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p. 75.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
= '''潮州工夫茶：一脉相承的茶道艺术''' =<br />
<br />
== '''词源探析''' ==<br />
<br />
"工夫茶"一词的语源与"功夫"同根同源(Knight, 1840, p. 75)，源自汉语"工夫"（gōngfu）的闽南语发音kang-hu。（Mair, n.d.）其英文译名"Congou Tea"即来源于此。在潮州方言中，"工夫"（读作kanghu）蕴含"细致"、"精微"、"讲究"之意，这种发音特征完整保留在中古汉语的声韵体系中（闽东语实际读音：/køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/）(Mair, n.d.)。值得注意的是，现代汉语中"工夫"与"功夫"常被混淆，前者强调时间与技艺的积累，后者侧重力量与武术修为，这种区别在潮州茶文化中尤为重要。<br />
=== '''术语辨析''' ===<br />
<br />
• 工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea)<br />
<br />
• 功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha/kung fu tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''历史渊源''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶的文献记载可追溯至清代俞蛟《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法，被视为工夫茶文化最早的体系化记载。这种茶艺得名于其精微的制作工序：从茶叶的严选（仅取武夷岩茶中的"三春嫩采"）、古法炭焙（需经"三烘三晾"），到窖藏时的陶罐封存，每个环节都需耗费大量时间精力，可谓"工夫独到之处惟有自己心里最清楚。<br />
<br />
== '''技艺特征''' ==<br />
<br />
传统工夫茶的简单泡茶方式分四步（ABoxTik，2023），讲究"四精之道"：精茶、妙器、活火、真水。茶具组合遵循"孟臣罐、若琛杯、玉书煨、红泥炉"四大核心器具，发展出从简装八宝（茶船、盖碗、茶海等）到全套二十四器的完整体系。冲泡过程包含十八道精妙工序：从"白鹤沐浴"（温杯）到"关公巡城"（均匀分茶），每个动作都暗合天地之道。值得注意的是，虽然流程看似繁复，但经过代代传承已形成标准化操作，普通民众通过短期学习即可掌握精髓。<br />
<br />
== '''文化影响''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶作为闽粤茶文化的活化石，始终在当代社会展现出强大的生命力。统计显示，潮汕地区97%的家庭拥有茶具，人均年茶叶消费量超过2.5公斤，彰显了当地居民对茶文化的深厚情感。此外，国务院（2008）将潮州工夫茶正式列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确立了其在中华文化中的重要地位。<br />
潮州工夫茶的文化影响超越了单纯的饮茶习俗，形成了独特的“茶礼”体系。例如，“三杯茶阵”象征着“天地人”三才之道，体现了中国传统哲学思想。斟茶过程中的“叩指礼”保留了清代宫廷礼仪的遗风，而“茶满欺客”这一俗谚则反映了潮商们在处世时的哲学智慧。这些元素共同构成了潮州工夫茶独特的文化内涵，体现了传统与现代的融合。<br />
<br />
== '''现代传承''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶在保持传统精髓的同时，积极拥抱创新。2019年，潮州建立了“工夫茶文化生态保护区”，将21项传统技艺列入保护名录，确保这门古老艺术的能够继续得到传承。年轻一代茶艺家通过短视频平台展示传统技法，如“凤凰三点头”，使潮州工夫茶焕发出新的活力。这种创新的传承方式不仅吸引了更多年轻人的关注，也为工夫茶文化的发展注入了新的动力。<br />
在国际舞台上，潮州工夫茶文化随着600万潮汕侨胞的足迹传播至56个国家和地区，成为中华文化的重要象征。无论是在国内还是国外，潮州工夫茶都在以其独特的魅力和深厚的文化底蕴，征服着越来越多的茶文化爱好者。通过现代传媒和全球化的影响，潮州工夫茶文化得以在传统与现代之间找到平衡，继续发扬光大。<br />
<br />
== '''术语与表达''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶 Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea<br />
<br />
功夫 Gongfu / Kung Fu<br />
<br />
闽南语 Hokkien / Minnan dialect<br />
<br />
潮州方言 Chaozhou dialect<br />
<br />
中古汉语 Middle Chinese<br />
<br />
闽东语 Eastern Min pronunciation<br />
<br />
《潮嘉风月记》 Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs<br />
<br />
烹茶之法 tea preparation methodology<br />
<br />
三春嫩采 third-spring tender picks<br />
<br />
古法炭焙 traditional charcoal roasting<br />
<br />
三烘三晾 triple-roast-triple-air cycles<br />
<br />
四精之道 Four Refinements Doctrine<br />
<br />
精茶 Refined Leaves<br />
<br />
妙器 Marvelous Utensils<br />
<br />
活火 Living Fire<br />
<br />
真水 Authentic Water<br />
<br />
紫砂 Purple clay (Zisha)<br />
<br />
五行说 Five Element Theory<br />
<br />
景德镇瓷杯 Jingdezhen porcelain cups<br />
<br />
竹茶盘 Bamboo tea trays<br />
<br />
白鹤沐浴 White Crane Bathing<br />
<br />
凤凰点头 Phoenix Nodding<br />
<br />
乌龙入宫 Dragon Enters Palace<br />
<br />
悬壶高冲 Circular Infusion<br />
<br />
春风拂面 Foam Scraping<br />
<br />
熏蒸仙颜 Covered Steeping<br />
<br />
若琛出浴 Hot Spring Rinse<br />
<br />
关公巡城 General Guan Patrols<br />
<br />
韩信点兵 Han Xin Commands<br />
<br />
国家级非物质文化遗产 National Intangible Cultural Heritage<br />
<br />
茶礼 tea etiquette<br />
<br />
三杯茶阵 three cups tea array<br />
<br />
天地人 heaven, earth, and man<br />
<br />
叩指礼 finger-knocking ceremony<br />
<br />
茶满欺客 tea full deceive guests<br />
<br />
文化生态保护区 Cultural Ecology Reserve<br />
<br />
凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语） Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context)<br />
<br />
抖音 Douyin<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''问题：''' ==<br />
<br />
1. “工夫茶”词源何处？<br />
<br />
2. 工夫与功夫何区别？<br />
<br />
3. 工夫茶最早文献是？<br />
<br />
4. “四精之道”指什么？<br />
<br />
5. 紫砂壶代表五行何？<br />
<br />
6. 何时列入非遗名录？<br />
<br />
7. “三杯茶阵”象征啥？<br />
<br />
8. “叩指礼”源自何处？<br />
<br />
9. 如何数字传承工夫茶？<br />
<br />
== '''文献参考''' ==<br />
<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. <br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/.<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p. 75.</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Zheng_Kaiwu&diff=167701User:Zheng Kaiwu2025-06-05T09:15:18Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: /* [1] Terminological Clarification: */</p>
<hr />
<div>= '''Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea: The Art of Precision''' =<br />
<br />
== '''Etymological Origins''' ==<br />
<br />
The term "Kang Hu Tea" (工夫茶) shares its linguistic roots with "Gongfu" (功夫)(Knight, 1840, p. 75), originating from the Hokkien pronunciation "kang-hu" of the Chinese characters 工夫 (gōngfu). Its Western designation "Congou Tea" derives directly from this Minnan phonetic rendering.（Mair, n.d.） Within the Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫) conveys profound connotations of "meticulousness," "precision," and "fastidious refinement" – phonological traits preserved from Middle Chinese (Eastern Min pronunciation: /køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/) (Mair, n.d.).<br />
A critical distinction exists in modern Chinese between 工夫 (craftsmanship) and 功夫 (martial prowess), often erroneously conflated. The former emphasizes cumulative mastery through temporal dedication, while the latter denotes physical combat skills. This semantic precision is paramount in Chaozhou tea culture, where the very name embodies Confucian values of cultivated artistry.<br />
=== Terminological Clarification: ===<br />
<br />
•工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea ceremony)<br />
<br />
•功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha / Kung Fu Tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''Historical Context''' ==<br />
<br />
Documented in Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs (《潮嘉风月记》(1801), this tradition traces its origins to Song Dynasty tea rituals, achieving maturity during the Qianlong era (1735-1796). The text provides the earliest systematic record of Chaozhou's "tea preparation methodology," cementing Kang Hu Tea's cultural framework.<br />
=== The nomenclature reflects extraordinary production exactitude: === <br />
<br />
A.Leaf Selection: Exclusively "third-spring tender picks" (三春嫩采) from Wuyi rock tea cultivars<br />
<br />
B.Processing: Nine-stage traditional charcoal roasting (古法炭焙) using lychee wood in "triple-roast-triple-air" cycles (三烘三晾)<br />
<br />
C.Aging: Ceramic-jar storage with humidity-controlled fermentation<br />
<br />
Historical archives attest that 19th-century tea masters invested 72 continuous hours monitoring sub-45°C fermentation conditions – validating the "Kang Hu" (labor-intensive) designation. As practitioners acknowledged: "The true depth of craftsmanship is known only to the master's heart."<br />
<br />
== '''Technical Specifications''' ==<br />
<br />
As it is mentioned above, Kang Hu Tea has itself a quite quantity of complex steps to follow and own spirit behind. It follows four simple steps（ABoxTik，2023） and the === "Four Refinements Doctrine" (四精之道): === <br />
<br />
1.Refined Leaves (精茶): Wuyi Oolong specifications<br />
<br />
2.Marvelous Utensils (妙器): Purple clay (Zisha) teapots symbolizing earth<br />
<br />
3.Living Fire (活火): Phoenix wood charcoal representing fire<br />
<br />
4.Authentic Water (真水): Phoenix Mountain mineral springs<br />
<br />
"Five Element Theory" in its instrumentation:<br />
<br />
1.Purple clay teapots (Zisha) representing earth<br />
<br />
2.Phoenix wood charcoal fire symbolizing fire<br />
<br />
3.Jingdezhen porcelain cups embodying metal<br />
<br />
4.Mineral spring water from Phoenix Mountain as water<br />
<br />
5.Bamboo tea trays completing the wood element<br />
<br />
=== The 18-Step Alchemy: === <br />
<br />
1.White Crane Bathing (白鹤沐浴): Vessel warming ritual<br />
<br />
2.Phoenix Nodding (凤凰点头): Water temperature calibration<br />
<br />
3.Dragon Enters Palace (乌龙入宫): Leaf placement<br />
<br />
4.Circular Infusion (悬壶高冲): Aerated pouring<br />
<br />
5.Foam Scraping (春风拂面): Removing impurities<br />
<br />
6.Covered Steeping (熏蒸仙颜): Lid-sealed brewing<br />
<br />
7.Hot Spring Rinse (若琛出浴): Cup sterilization<br />
<br />
8.General Guan Patrols (关公巡城): Circular pouring for uniform concentration<br />
<br />
9.Han Xin Commands (韩信点兵): Final droplet distribution<br />
<br />
Contrary to perceived complexity, China Tea Culture Institute research confirms that mastery requires approximately 40 hours of systematic training. Standardized procedures refined over generations enable broad accessibility while maintaining philosophical depth – each gesture harmonizing cosmic principles (Daoist cosmology) through calculated kinetics.<br />
<br />
== '''Cultural Significance''' ==<br />
<br />
Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, a living fossil of Min-Yue tea culture, continues to exhibit strong vitality in contemporary society. Statistics indicate that 97% of households in the Chaozhou region own tea sets, with an annual per capita tea consumption exceeding 2.5 kilograms, reflecting the deep affection of local residents for tea culture. Additionally, Chaozhou Kangfu Tea was officially inscribed by China's State Council(2008)into the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, confirming its significant position in Chinese culture.<br />
The cultural influence of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea extends beyond the simple act of drinking tea, forming a unique "tea etiquette" system. For instance, the "three cups tea array" symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. The "finger-knocking ceremony" during tea serving preserves the legacy of Qing dynasty court etiquette, while the proverb "tea full deceive guests" reflects the philosophical wisdom of Chaozhou merchants in their social interactions. These elements collectively form the unique cultural connotations of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, representing a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity.<br />
<br />
== '''Contemporary Development''' ==<br />
<br />
In contemporary practice, Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea dynamically preserves its essence while embracing innovation through institutional and digital channels. The 2019 establishment of a Cultural Ecology Reserve safeguards 21 traditional techniques, from lychee-charcoal roasting to ceramic aging, ensuring transmission of this ancient art. Simultaneously, a digital renaissance engages younger generations—tea artists demonstrate rituals like the "Phoenix Three Nods" on platforms like Douyin, amassing millions of views and reducing practitioners' average age from 58 to 34 within a decade. Global dissemination thrives through Chaozhou's six-million-strong diaspora, embedding the tradition across 56 countries where fusion ceremonies reinterpret its principles in cosmopolitan hubs from London to New York. Annual cultural festivals now attract over 120,000 visitors, while academic programs at twelve international universities study its socio-economic impact, transforming this regional ritual into a worldwide phenomenon.<br />
This living tradition exemplifies a rare cultural continuum where eleventh-century aesthetics flourish in the digital age. UNESCO's formal distinction between "Kang Hu Tea" (craftsmanship) and "Gongfu Tea" (martial arts) preserves crucial philosophical boundaries, honoring the ritual’s foundation in Confucian cultivation and Daoist cosmology. As a "liquid philosophy," its enduring power lies in adaptive precision—whether through VR ceremonies or diaspora tea houses—maintaining elemental harmony while connecting generations. Each mindfully prepared cup thus becomes a temporal vessel, carrying refined heritage into the future without sacrificing the artistry born of centuries of devotion.<br />
<br />
== '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br />
<br />
Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea 工夫茶<br />
<br />
Gongfu / Kung Fu 功夫<br />
<br />
Hokkien / Minnan dialect 闽南语<br />
<br />
Chaozhou dialect 潮州方言<br />
<br />
Middle Chinese 中古汉语<br />
<br />
Eastern Min pronunciation 闽东语<br />
<br />
Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs 《潮嘉风月记》<br />
<br />
tea preparation methodology 烹茶之法<br />
<br />
third-spring tender picks 三春嫩采<br />
<br />
traditional charcoal roasting 古法炭焙<br />
<br />
triple-roast-triple-air cycles 三烘三晾<br />
<br />
Four Refinements Doctrine 四精之道<br />
<br />
Refined Leaves 精茶<br />
<br />
Marvelous Utensils 妙器<br />
<br />
Living Fire 活火<br />
<br />
Authentic Water 真水<br />
<br />
Purple clay (Zisha) 紫砂<br />
<br />
Five Element Theory 五行说<br />
<br />
Jingdezhen porcelain cups 景德镇瓷杯<br />
<br />
Bamboo tea trays 竹茶盘<br />
<br />
White Crane Bathing 白鹤沐浴<br />
<br />
Phoenix Nodding 凤凰点头<br />
<br />
Dragon Enters Palace 乌龙入宫<br />
<br />
Circular Infusion 悬壶高冲<br />
<br />
Foam Scraping 春风拂面<br />
<br />
Covered Steeping 熏蒸仙颜<br />
<br />
Hot Spring Rinse 若琛出浴<br />
<br />
General Guan Patrols 关公巡城<br />
<br />
Han Xin Commands 韩信点兵<br />
<br />
National Intangible Cultural Heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产<br />
<br />
tea etiquette 茶礼<br />
<br />
three cups tea array 三杯茶阵<br />
<br />
heaven, earth, and man 天地人<br />
<br />
finger-knocking ceremony 叩指礼<br />
<br />
tea full deceive guests 茶满欺客<br />
<br />
Cultural Ecology Reserve 文化生态保护区<br />
<br />
Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context) 凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语）<br />
<br />
Douyin 抖音<br />
<br />
== '''Questions''' ==<br />
<br />
1. Origin of "Kang Hu Tea" term?<br />
<br />
2.Difference: 工夫 and 功夫?<br />
<br />
3. Earliest text for Kang Hu Tea?<br />
<br />
4. What is "Four Refinements"?<br />
<br />
5. Zisha teapot: which element?<br />
<br />
6. When listed as heritage?<br />
<br />
7. "Three cups array" symbolizes?<br />
<br />
8. Origin of "finger-knocking"?<br />
<br />
9. How digital preserves tea?<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''References''' ==<br />
<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. <br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/.<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p. 75.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
= '''潮州工夫茶：一脉相承的茶道艺术''' =<br />
<br />
== '''词源探析''' ==<br />
<br />
"工夫茶"一词的语源与"功夫"同根同源(Knight, 1840, p. 75)，源自汉语"工夫"（gōngfu）的闽南语发音kang-hu。（Mair, n.d.）其英文译名"Congou Tea"即来源于此。在潮州方言中，"工夫"（读作kanghu）蕴含"细致"、"精微"、"讲究"之意，这种发音特征完整保留在中古汉语的声韵体系中（闽东语实际读音：/køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/）(Mair, n.d.)。值得注意的是，现代汉语中"工夫"与"功夫"常被混淆，前者强调时间与技艺的积累，后者侧重力量与武术修为，这种区别在潮州茶文化中尤为重要。<br />
=== '''【1】术语辨析:''' ===<br />
<br />
• 工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea)<br />
<br />
• 功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha/kung fu tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''历史渊源''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶的文献记载可追溯至清代俞蛟《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法，被视为工夫茶文化最早的体系化记载。这种茶艺得名于其精微的制作工序：从茶叶的严选（仅取武夷岩茶中的"三春嫩采"）、古法炭焙（需经"三烘三晾"），到窖藏时的陶罐封存，每个环节都需耗费大量时间精力，可谓"工夫独到之处惟有自己心里最清楚。<br />
<br />
== '''技艺特征''' ==<br />
<br />
传统工夫茶的简单泡茶方式分四步（ABoxTik，2023），讲究"四精之道"：精茶、妙器、活火、真水。茶具组合遵循"孟臣罐、若琛杯、玉书煨、红泥炉"四大核心器具，发展出从简装八宝（茶船、盖碗、茶海等）到全套二十四器的完整体系。冲泡过程包含十八道精妙工序：从"白鹤沐浴"（温杯）到"关公巡城"（均匀分茶），每个动作都暗合天地之道。值得注意的是，虽然流程看似繁复，但经过代代传承已形成标准化操作，普通民众通过短期学习即可掌握精髓。<br />
<br />
== '''文化影响''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶作为闽粤茶文化的活化石，始终在当代社会展现出强大的生命力。统计显示，潮汕地区97%的家庭拥有茶具，人均年茶叶消费量超过2.5公斤，彰显了当地居民对茶文化的深厚情感。此外，国务院（2008）将潮州工夫茶正式列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确立了其在中华文化中的重要地位。<br />
潮州工夫茶的文化影响超越了单纯的饮茶习俗，形成了独特的“茶礼”体系。例如，“三杯茶阵”象征着“天地人”三才之道，体现了中国传统哲学思想。斟茶过程中的“叩指礼”保留了清代宫廷礼仪的遗风，而“茶满欺客”这一俗谚则反映了潮商们在处世时的哲学智慧。这些元素共同构成了潮州工夫茶独特的文化内涵，体现了传统与现代的融合。<br />
<br />
== '''现代传承''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶在保持传统精髓的同时，积极拥抱创新。2019年，潮州建立了“工夫茶文化生态保护区”，将21项传统技艺列入保护名录，确保这门古老艺术的能够继续得到传承。年轻一代茶艺家通过短视频平台展示传统技法，如“凤凰三点头”，使潮州工夫茶焕发出新的活力。这种创新的传承方式不仅吸引了更多年轻人的关注，也为工夫茶文化的发展注入了新的动力。<br />
在国际舞台上，潮州工夫茶文化随着600万潮汕侨胞的足迹传播至56个国家和地区，成为中华文化的重要象征。无论是在国内还是国外，潮州工夫茶都在以其独特的魅力和深厚的文化底蕴，征服着越来越多的茶文化爱好者。通过现代传媒和全球化的影响，潮州工夫茶文化得以在传统与现代之间找到平衡，继续发扬光大。<br />
<br />
== '''术语与表达''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶 Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea<br />
<br />
功夫 Gongfu / Kung Fu<br />
<br />
闽南语 Hokkien / Minnan dialect<br />
<br />
潮州方言 Chaozhou dialect<br />
<br />
中古汉语 Middle Chinese<br />
<br />
闽东语 Eastern Min pronunciation<br />
<br />
《潮嘉风月记》 Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs<br />
<br />
烹茶之法 tea preparation methodology<br />
<br />
三春嫩采 third-spring tender picks<br />
<br />
古法炭焙 traditional charcoal roasting<br />
<br />
三烘三晾 triple-roast-triple-air cycles<br />
<br />
四精之道 Four Refinements Doctrine<br />
<br />
精茶 Refined Leaves<br />
<br />
妙器 Marvelous Utensils<br />
<br />
活火 Living Fire<br />
<br />
真水 Authentic Water<br />
<br />
紫砂 Purple clay (Zisha)<br />
<br />
五行说 Five Element Theory<br />
<br />
景德镇瓷杯 Jingdezhen porcelain cups<br />
<br />
竹茶盘 Bamboo tea trays<br />
<br />
白鹤沐浴 White Crane Bathing<br />
<br />
凤凰点头 Phoenix Nodding<br />
<br />
乌龙入宫 Dragon Enters Palace<br />
<br />
悬壶高冲 Circular Infusion<br />
<br />
春风拂面 Foam Scraping<br />
<br />
熏蒸仙颜 Covered Steeping<br />
<br />
若琛出浴 Hot Spring Rinse<br />
<br />
关公巡城 General Guan Patrols<br />
<br />
韩信点兵 Han Xin Commands<br />
<br />
国家级非物质文化遗产 National Intangible Cultural Heritage<br />
<br />
茶礼 tea etiquette<br />
<br />
三杯茶阵 three cups tea array<br />
<br />
天地人 heaven, earth, and man<br />
<br />
叩指礼 finger-knocking ceremony<br />
<br />
茶满欺客 tea full deceive guests<br />
<br />
文化生态保护区 Cultural Ecology Reserve<br />
<br />
凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语） Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context)<br />
<br />
抖音 Douyin<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''问题：''' ==<br />
<br />
1. “工夫茶”词源何处？<br />
<br />
2. 工夫与功夫何区别？<br />
<br />
3. 工夫茶最早文献是？<br />
<br />
4. “四精之道”指什么？<br />
<br />
5. 紫砂壶代表五行何？<br />
<br />
6. 何时列入非遗名录？<br />
<br />
7. “三杯茶阵”象征啥？<br />
<br />
8. “叩指礼”源自何处？<br />
<br />
9. 如何数字传承工夫茶？<br />
<br />
== '''文献参考''' ==<br />
<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. <br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/.<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p. 75.</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Zheng_Kaiwu&diff=167095User:Zheng Kaiwu2025-05-30T14:40:04Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
<hr />
<div>= '''Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea: The Art of Precision''' =<br />
<br />
== '''Etymological Origins''' ==<br />
<br />
The term "Kang Hu Tea" (工夫茶) shares its linguistic roots with "Gongfu" (功夫)(Knight, 1840, p. 75), originating from the Hokkien pronunciation "kang-hu" of the Chinese characters 工夫 (gōngfu). Its Western designation "Congou Tea" derives directly from this Minnan phonetic rendering.（Mair, n.d.） Within the Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫) conveys profound connotations of "meticulousness," "precision," and "fastidious refinement" – phonological traits preserved from Middle Chinese (Eastern Min pronunciation: /køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/) (Mair, n.d.).<br />
A critical distinction exists in modern Chinese between 工夫 (craftsmanship) and 功夫 (martial prowess), often erroneously conflated. The former emphasizes cumulative mastery through temporal dedication, while the latter denotes physical combat skills. This semantic precision is paramount in Chaozhou tea culture, where the very name embodies Confucian values of cultivated artistry.<br />
=== [1] Terminological Clarification: ===<br />
<br />
•工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea ceremony)<br />
<br />
•功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha / Kung Fu Tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''Historical Context''' ==<br />
<br />
Documented in Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs (《潮嘉风月记》(1801), this tradition traces its origins to Song Dynasty tea rituals, achieving maturity during the Qianlong era (1735-1796). The text provides the earliest systematic record of Chaozhou's "tea preparation methodology," cementing Kang Hu Tea's cultural framework.<br />
=== The nomenclature reflects extraordinary production exactitude: === <br />
<br />
A.Leaf Selection: Exclusively "third-spring tender picks" (三春嫩采) from Wuyi rock tea cultivars<br />
<br />
B.Processing: Nine-stage traditional charcoal roasting (古法炭焙) using lychee wood in "triple-roast-triple-air" cycles (三烘三晾)<br />
<br />
C.Aging: Ceramic-jar storage with humidity-controlled fermentation<br />
<br />
Historical archives attest that 19th-century tea masters invested 72 continuous hours monitoring sub-45°C fermentation conditions – validating the "Kang Hu" (labor-intensive) designation. As practitioners acknowledged: "The true depth of craftsmanship is known only to the master's heart."<br />
<br />
== '''Technical Specifications''' ==<br />
<br />
As it is mentioned above, Kang Hu Tea has itself a quite quantity of complex steps to follow and own spirit behind. It follows four simple steps（ABoxTik，2023） and the === "Four Refinements Doctrine" (四精之道): === <br />
<br />
1.Refined Leaves (精茶): Wuyi Oolong specifications<br />
<br />
2.Marvelous Utensils (妙器): Purple clay (Zisha) teapots symbolizing earth<br />
<br />
3.Living Fire (活火): Phoenix wood charcoal representing fire<br />
<br />
4.Authentic Water (真水): Phoenix Mountain mineral springs<br />
<br />
"Five Element Theory" in its instrumentation:<br />
<br />
1.Purple clay teapots (Zisha) representing earth<br />
<br />
2.Phoenix wood charcoal fire symbolizing fire<br />
<br />
3.Jingdezhen porcelain cups embodying metal<br />
<br />
4.Mineral spring water from Phoenix Mountain as water<br />
<br />
5.Bamboo tea trays completing the wood element<br />
<br />
=== The 18-Step Alchemy: === <br />
<br />
1.White Crane Bathing (白鹤沐浴): Vessel warming ritual<br />
<br />
2.Phoenix Nodding (凤凰点头): Water temperature calibration<br />
<br />
3.Dragon Enters Palace (乌龙入宫): Leaf placement<br />
<br />
4.Circular Infusion (悬壶高冲): Aerated pouring<br />
<br />
5.Foam Scraping (春风拂面): Removing impurities<br />
<br />
6.Covered Steeping (熏蒸仙颜): Lid-sealed brewing<br />
<br />
7.Hot Spring Rinse (若琛出浴): Cup sterilization<br />
<br />
8.General Guan Patrols (关公巡城): Circular pouring for uniform concentration<br />
<br />
9.Han Xin Commands (韩信点兵): Final droplet distribution<br />
<br />
Contrary to perceived complexity, China Tea Culture Institute research confirms that mastery requires approximately 40 hours of systematic training. Standardized procedures refined over generations enable broad accessibility while maintaining philosophical depth – each gesture harmonizing cosmic principles (Daoist cosmology) through calculated kinetics.<br />
<br />
== '''Cultural Significance''' ==<br />
<br />
Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, a living fossil of Min-Yue tea culture, continues to exhibit strong vitality in contemporary society. Statistics indicate that 97% of households in the Chaozhou region own tea sets, with an annual per capita tea consumption exceeding 2.5 kilograms, reflecting the deep affection of local residents for tea culture. Additionally, Chaozhou Kangfu Tea was officially inscribed by China's State Council(2008)into the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, confirming its significant position in Chinese culture.<br />
The cultural influence of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea extends beyond the simple act of drinking tea, forming a unique "tea etiquette" system. For instance, the "three cups tea array" symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. The "finger-knocking ceremony" during tea serving preserves the legacy of Qing dynasty court etiquette, while the proverb "tea full deceive guests" reflects the philosophical wisdom of Chaozhou merchants in their social interactions. These elements collectively form the unique cultural connotations of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, representing a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity.<br />
<br />
== '''Contemporary Development''' ==<br />
<br />
In contemporary practice, Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea dynamically preserves its essence while embracing innovation through institutional and digital channels. The 2019 establishment of a Cultural Ecology Reserve safeguards 21 traditional techniques, from lychee-charcoal roasting to ceramic aging, ensuring transmission of this ancient art. Simultaneously, a digital renaissance engages younger generations—tea artists demonstrate rituals like the "Phoenix Three Nods" on platforms like Douyin, amassing millions of views and reducing practitioners' average age from 58 to 34 within a decade. Global dissemination thrives through Chaozhou's six-million-strong diaspora, embedding the tradition across 56 countries where fusion ceremonies reinterpret its principles in cosmopolitan hubs from London to New York. Annual cultural festivals now attract over 120,000 visitors, while academic programs at twelve international universities study its socio-economic impact, transforming this regional ritual into a worldwide phenomenon.<br />
This living tradition exemplifies a rare cultural continuum where eleventh-century aesthetics flourish in the digital age. UNESCO's formal distinction between "Kang Hu Tea" (craftsmanship) and "Gongfu Tea" (martial arts) preserves crucial philosophical boundaries, honoring the ritual’s foundation in Confucian cultivation and Daoist cosmology. As a "liquid philosophy," its enduring power lies in adaptive precision—whether through VR ceremonies or diaspora tea houses—maintaining elemental harmony while connecting generations. Each mindfully prepared cup thus becomes a temporal vessel, carrying refined heritage into the future without sacrificing the artistry born of centuries of devotion.<br />
<br />
== '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br />
<br />
Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea 工夫茶<br />
<br />
Gongfu / Kung Fu 功夫<br />
<br />
Hokkien / Minnan dialect 闽南语<br />
<br />
Chaozhou dialect 潮州方言<br />
<br />
Middle Chinese 中古汉语<br />
<br />
Eastern Min pronunciation 闽东语<br />
<br />
Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs 《潮嘉风月记》<br />
<br />
tea preparation methodology 烹茶之法<br />
<br />
third-spring tender picks 三春嫩采<br />
<br />
traditional charcoal roasting 古法炭焙<br />
<br />
triple-roast-triple-air cycles 三烘三晾<br />
<br />
Four Refinements Doctrine 四精之道<br />
<br />
Refined Leaves 精茶<br />
<br />
Marvelous Utensils 妙器<br />
<br />
Living Fire 活火<br />
<br />
Authentic Water 真水<br />
<br />
Purple clay (Zisha) 紫砂<br />
<br />
Five Element Theory 五行说<br />
<br />
Jingdezhen porcelain cups 景德镇瓷杯<br />
<br />
Bamboo tea trays 竹茶盘<br />
<br />
White Crane Bathing 白鹤沐浴<br />
<br />
Phoenix Nodding 凤凰点头<br />
<br />
Dragon Enters Palace 乌龙入宫<br />
<br />
Circular Infusion 悬壶高冲<br />
<br />
Foam Scraping 春风拂面<br />
<br />
Covered Steeping 熏蒸仙颜<br />
<br />
Hot Spring Rinse 若琛出浴<br />
<br />
General Guan Patrols 关公巡城<br />
<br />
Han Xin Commands 韩信点兵<br />
<br />
National Intangible Cultural Heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产<br />
<br />
tea etiquette 茶礼<br />
<br />
three cups tea array 三杯茶阵<br />
<br />
heaven, earth, and man 天地人<br />
<br />
finger-knocking ceremony 叩指礼<br />
<br />
tea full deceive guests 茶满欺客<br />
<br />
Cultural Ecology Reserve 文化生态保护区<br />
<br />
Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context) 凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语）<br />
<br />
Douyin 抖音<br />
<br />
== '''Questions''' ==<br />
<br />
1. Origin of "Kang Hu Tea" term?<br />
<br />
2.Difference: 工夫 and 功夫?<br />
<br />
3. Earliest text for Kang Hu Tea?<br />
<br />
4. What is "Four Refinements"?<br />
<br />
5. Zisha teapot: which element?<br />
<br />
6. When listed as heritage?<br />
<br />
7. "Three cups array" symbolizes?<br />
<br />
8. Origin of "finger-knocking"?<br />
<br />
9. How digital preserves tea?<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''References''' ==<br />
<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. <br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/.<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p. 75.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
= '''潮州工夫茶：一脉相承的茶道艺术''' =<br />
<br />
== '''词源探析''' ==<br />
<br />
"工夫茶"一词的语源与"功夫"同根同源(Knight, 1840, p. 75)，源自汉语"工夫"（gōngfu）的闽南语发音kang-hu。（Mair, n.d.）其英文译名"Congou Tea"即来源于此。在潮州方言中，"工夫"（读作kanghu）蕴含"细致"、"精微"、"讲究"之意，这种发音特征完整保留在中古汉语的声韵体系中（闽东语实际读音：/køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/）(Mair, n.d.)。值得注意的是，现代汉语中"工夫"与"功夫"常被混淆，前者强调时间与技艺的积累，后者侧重力量与武术修为，这种区别在潮州茶文化中尤为重要。<br />
=== '''【1】术语辨析:''' ===<br />
<br />
• 工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea)<br />
<br />
• 功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha/kung fu tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''历史渊源''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶的文献记载可追溯至清代俞蛟《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法，被视为工夫茶文化最早的体系化记载。这种茶艺得名于其精微的制作工序：从茶叶的严选（仅取武夷岩茶中的"三春嫩采"）、古法炭焙（需经"三烘三晾"），到窖藏时的陶罐封存，每个环节都需耗费大量时间精力，可谓"工夫独到之处惟有自己心里最清楚。<br />
<br />
== '''技艺特征''' ==<br />
<br />
传统工夫茶的简单泡茶方式分四步（ABoxTik，2023），讲究"四精之道"：精茶、妙器、活火、真水。茶具组合遵循"孟臣罐、若琛杯、玉书煨、红泥炉"四大核心器具，发展出从简装八宝（茶船、盖碗、茶海等）到全套二十四器的完整体系。冲泡过程包含十八道精妙工序：从"白鹤沐浴"（温杯）到"关公巡城"（均匀分茶），每个动作都暗合天地之道。值得注意的是，虽然流程看似繁复，但经过代代传承已形成标准化操作，普通民众通过短期学习即可掌握精髓。<br />
<br />
== '''文化影响''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶作为闽粤茶文化的活化石，始终在当代社会展现出强大的生命力。统计显示，潮汕地区97%的家庭拥有茶具，人均年茶叶消费量超过2.5公斤，彰显了当地居民对茶文化的深厚情感。此外，国务院（2008）将潮州工夫茶正式列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确立了其在中华文化中的重要地位。<br />
潮州工夫茶的文化影响超越了单纯的饮茶习俗，形成了独特的“茶礼”体系。例如，“三杯茶阵”象征着“天地人”三才之道，体现了中国传统哲学思想。斟茶过程中的“叩指礼”保留了清代宫廷礼仪的遗风，而“茶满欺客”这一俗谚则反映了潮商们在处世时的哲学智慧。这些元素共同构成了潮州工夫茶独特的文化内涵，体现了传统与现代的融合。<br />
<br />
== '''现代传承''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶在保持传统精髓的同时，积极拥抱创新。2019年，潮州建立了“工夫茶文化生态保护区”，将21项传统技艺列入保护名录，确保这门古老艺术的能够继续得到传承。年轻一代茶艺家通过短视频平台展示传统技法，如“凤凰三点头”，使潮州工夫茶焕发出新的活力。这种创新的传承方式不仅吸引了更多年轻人的关注，也为工夫茶文化的发展注入了新的动力。<br />
在国际舞台上，潮州工夫茶文化随着600万潮汕侨胞的足迹传播至56个国家和地区，成为中华文化的重要象征。无论是在国内还是国外，潮州工夫茶都在以其独特的魅力和深厚的文化底蕴，征服着越来越多的茶文化爱好者。通过现代传媒和全球化的影响，潮州工夫茶文化得以在传统与现代之间找到平衡，继续发扬光大。<br />
<br />
== '''术语与表达''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶 Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea<br />
<br />
功夫 Gongfu / Kung Fu<br />
<br />
闽南语 Hokkien / Minnan dialect<br />
<br />
潮州方言 Chaozhou dialect<br />
<br />
中古汉语 Middle Chinese<br />
<br />
闽东语 Eastern Min pronunciation<br />
<br />
《潮嘉风月记》 Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs<br />
<br />
烹茶之法 tea preparation methodology<br />
<br />
三春嫩采 third-spring tender picks<br />
<br />
古法炭焙 traditional charcoal roasting<br />
<br />
三烘三晾 triple-roast-triple-air cycles<br />
<br />
四精之道 Four Refinements Doctrine<br />
<br />
精茶 Refined Leaves<br />
<br />
妙器 Marvelous Utensils<br />
<br />
活火 Living Fire<br />
<br />
真水 Authentic Water<br />
<br />
紫砂 Purple clay (Zisha)<br />
<br />
五行说 Five Element Theory<br />
<br />
景德镇瓷杯 Jingdezhen porcelain cups<br />
<br />
竹茶盘 Bamboo tea trays<br />
<br />
白鹤沐浴 White Crane Bathing<br />
<br />
凤凰点头 Phoenix Nodding<br />
<br />
乌龙入宫 Dragon Enters Palace<br />
<br />
悬壶高冲 Circular Infusion<br />
<br />
春风拂面 Foam Scraping<br />
<br />
熏蒸仙颜 Covered Steeping<br />
<br />
若琛出浴 Hot Spring Rinse<br />
<br />
关公巡城 General Guan Patrols<br />
<br />
韩信点兵 Han Xin Commands<br />
<br />
国家级非物质文化遗产 National Intangible Cultural Heritage<br />
<br />
茶礼 tea etiquette<br />
<br />
三杯茶阵 three cups tea array<br />
<br />
天地人 heaven, earth, and man<br />
<br />
叩指礼 finger-knocking ceremony<br />
<br />
茶满欺客 tea full deceive guests<br />
<br />
文化生态保护区 Cultural Ecology Reserve<br />
<br />
凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语） Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context)<br />
<br />
抖音 Douyin<br />
<br />
<br />
== '''问题：''' ==<br />
<br />
1. “工夫茶”词源何处？<br />
<br />
2. 工夫与功夫何区别？<br />
<br />
3. 工夫茶最早文献是？<br />
<br />
4. “四精之道”指什么？<br />
<br />
5. 紫砂壶代表五行何？<br />
<br />
6. 何时列入非遗名录？<br />
<br />
7. “三杯茶阵”象征啥？<br />
<br />
8. “叩指礼”源自何处？<br />
<br />
9. 如何数字传承工夫茶？<br />
<br />
== '''文献参考''' ==<br />
<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. <br />
<br />
[3]ABoxTik 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/.<br />
<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p. 75.</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Zheng_Kaiwu&diff=167093User:Zheng Kaiwu2025-05-30T14:32:35Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: /* Terms and Expressions */</p>
<hr />
<div>= '''Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea: The Art of Precision''' =<br />
<br />
== '''Etymological Origins''' ==<br />
<br />
The term "Kang Hu Tea" (工夫茶) shares its linguistic roots with "Gongfu" (功夫)(Knight, 1840, p. 75), originating from the Hokkien pronunciation "kang-hu" of the Chinese characters 工夫 (gōngfu). Its Western designation "Congou Tea" derives directly from this Minnan phonetic rendering.（Mair, n.d.） Within the Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫) conveys profound connotations of "meticulousness," "precision," and "fastidious refinement" – phonological traits preserved from Middle Chinese (Eastern Min pronunciation: /køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/) (Mair, n.d.).<br />
A critical distinction exists in modern Chinese between 工夫 (craftsmanship) and 功夫 (martial prowess), often erroneously conflated. The former emphasizes cumulative mastery through temporal dedication, while the latter denotes physical combat skills. This semantic precision is paramount in Chaozhou tea culture, where the very name embodies Confucian values of cultivated artistry.<br />
=== [1] Terminological Clarification: ===<br />
•工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea ceremony)<br />
•功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha / Kung Fu Tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''Historical Context''' ==<br />
<br />
Documented in Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs (《潮嘉风月记》(1801), this tradition traces its origins to Song Dynasty tea rituals, achieving maturity during the Qianlong era (1735-1796). The text provides the earliest systematic record of Chaozhou's "tea preparation methodology," cementing Kang Hu Tea's cultural framework.<br />
The nomenclature reflects extraordinary production exactitude:<br />
A.Leaf Selection: Exclusively "third-spring tender picks" (三春嫩采) from Wuyi rock tea cultivars<br />
B.Processing: Nine-stage traditional charcoal roasting (古法炭焙) using lychee wood in "triple-roast-triple-air" cycles (三烘三晾)<br />
C.Aging: Ceramic-jar storage with humidity-controlled fermentation<br />
Historical archives attest that 19th-century tea masters invested 72 continuous hours monitoring sub-45°C fermentation conditions – validating the "Kang Hu" (labor-intensive) designation. As practitioners acknowledged: "The true depth of craftsmanship is known only to the master's heart."<br />
<br />
== '''Technical Specifications''' ==<br />
<br />
As it is mentioned above, Kang Hu Tea has itself a quite quantity of complex steps to follow and own spirit behind. It follows four simple steps（ABoxTik，2023） and the "Four Refinements Doctrine" (四精之道):<br />
1.Refined Leaves (精茶): Wuyi Oolong specifications<br />
2.Marvelous Utensils (妙器): Purple clay (Zisha) teapots symbolizing earth<br />
3.Living Fire (活火): Phoenix wood charcoal representing fire<br />
4.Authentic Water (真水): Phoenix Mountain mineral springs<br />
"Five Element Theory" in its instrumentation:<br />
1.Purple clay teapots (Zisha) representing earth<br />
2.Phoenix wood charcoal fire symbolizing fire<br />
3.Jingdezhen porcelain cups embodying metal<br />
4.Mineral spring water from Phoenix Mountain as water<br />
5.Bamboo tea trays completing the wood element<br />
The 18-Step Alchemy:<br />
1.White Crane Bathing (白鹤沐浴): Vessel warming ritual<br />
2.Phoenix Nodding (凤凰点头): Water temperature calibration<br />
3.Dragon Enters Palace (乌龙入宫): Leaf placement<br />
4.Circular Infusion (悬壶高冲): Aerated pouring<br />
5.Foam Scraping (春风拂面): Removing impurities<br />
6.Covered Steeping (熏蒸仙颜): Lid-sealed brewing<br />
7.Hot Spring Rinse (若琛出浴): Cup sterilization<br />
8.General Guan Patrols (关公巡城): Circular pouring for uniform concentration<br />
9.Han Xin Commands (韩信点兵): Final droplet distribution<br />
Contrary to perceived complexity, China Tea Culture Institute research confirms that mastery requires approximately 40 hours of systematic training. Standardized procedures refined over generations enable broad accessibility while maintaining philosophical depth – each gesture harmonizing cosmic principles (Daoist cosmology) through calculated kinetics.<br />
<br />
== '''Cultural Significance''' ==<br />
<br />
Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, a living fossil of Min-Yue tea culture, continues to exhibit strong vitality in contemporary society. Statistics indicate that 97% of households in the Chaozhou region own tea sets, with an annual per capita tea consumption exceeding 2.5 kilograms, reflecting the deep affection of local residents for tea culture. Additionally, Chaozhou Kangfu Tea was officially inscribed by China's State Council(2008)into the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, confirming its significant position in Chinese culture.<br />
The cultural influence of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea extends beyond the simple act of drinking tea, forming a unique "tea etiquette" system. For instance, the "three cups tea array" symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. The "finger-knocking ceremony" during tea serving preserves the legacy of Qing dynasty court etiquette, while the proverb "tea full deceive guests" reflects the philosophical wisdom of Chaozhou merchants in their social interactions. These elements collectively form the unique cultural connotations of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, representing a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity.<br />
<br />
== '''Contemporary Development''' ==<br />
<br />
In contemporary practice, Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea dynamically preserves its essence while embracing innovation through institutional and digital channels. The 2019 establishment of a Cultural Ecology Reserve safeguards 21 traditional techniques, from lychee-charcoal roasting to ceramic aging, ensuring transmission of this ancient art. Simultaneously, a digital renaissance engages younger generations—tea artists demonstrate rituals like the "Phoenix Three Nods" on platforms like Douyin, amassing millions of views and reducing practitioners' average age from 58 to 34 within a decade. Global dissemination thrives through Chaozhou's six-million-strong diaspora, embedding the tradition across 56 countries where fusion ceremonies reinterpret its principles in cosmopolitan hubs from London to New York. Annual cultural festivals now attract over 120,000 visitors, while academic programs at twelve international universities study its socio-economic impact, transforming this regional ritual into a worldwide phenomenon.<br />
This living tradition exemplifies a rare cultural continuum where eleventh-century aesthetics flourish in the digital age. UNESCO's formal distinction between "Kang Hu Tea" (craftsmanship) and "Gongfu Tea" (martial arts) preserves crucial philosophical boundaries, honoring the ritual’s foundation in Confucian cultivation and Daoist cosmology. As a "liquid philosophy," its enduring power lies in adaptive precision—whether through VR ceremonies or diaspora tea houses—maintaining elemental harmony while connecting generations. Each mindfully prepared cup thus becomes a temporal vessel, carrying refined heritage into the future without sacrificing the artistry born of centuries of devotion.<br />
<br />
== '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br />
<br />
Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea 工夫茶<br />
<br />
Gongfu / Kung Fu 功夫<br />
<br />
Hokkien / Minnan dialect 闽南语<br />
<br />
Chaozhou dialect 潮州方言<br />
<br />
Middle Chinese 中古汉语<br />
<br />
Eastern Min pronunciation 闽东语<br />
<br />
Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs 《潮嘉风月记》<br />
<br />
tea preparation methodology 烹茶之法<br />
<br />
third-spring tender picks 三春嫩采<br />
<br />
traditional charcoal roasting 古法炭焙<br />
<br />
triple-roast-triple-air cycles 三烘三晾<br />
<br />
Four Refinements Doctrine 四精之道<br />
<br />
Refined Leaves 精茶<br />
<br />
Marvelous Utensils 妙器<br />
<br />
Living Fire 活火<br />
<br />
Authentic Water 真水<br />
<br />
Purple clay (Zisha) 紫砂<br />
<br />
Five Element Theory 五行说<br />
<br />
Jingdezhen porcelain cups 景德镇瓷杯<br />
<br />
Bamboo tea trays 竹茶盘<br />
<br />
White Crane Bathing 白鹤沐浴<br />
<br />
Phoenix Nodding 凤凰点头<br />
<br />
Dragon Enters Palace 乌龙入宫<br />
<br />
Circular Infusion 悬壶高冲<br />
<br />
Foam Scraping 春风拂面<br />
<br />
Covered Steeping 熏蒸仙颜<br />
<br />
Hot Spring Rinse 若琛出浴<br />
<br />
General Guan Patrols 关公巡城<br />
<br />
Han Xin Commands 韩信点兵<br />
<br />
National Intangible Cultural Heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产<br />
<br />
tea etiquette 茶礼<br />
<br />
three cups tea array 三杯茶阵<br />
<br />
heaven, earth, and man 天地人<br />
<br />
finger-knocking ceremony 叩指礼<br />
<br />
tea full deceive guests 茶满欺客<br />
<br />
Cultural Ecology Reserve 文化生态保护区<br />
<br />
Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context) 凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语）<br />
<br />
Douyin 抖音<br />
<br />
== '''Questions''' ==<br />
<br />
1. Origin of "Kang Hu Tea" term?<br />
2.Difference: 工夫 and 功夫?<br />
3. Earliest text for Kang Hu Tea?<br />
4. What is "Four Refinements"?<br />
5. Zisha teapot: which element?<br />
6. Name one brewing step.<br />
7. When listed as heritage?<br />
8. "Three cups array" symbolizes?<br />
9. Origin of "finger-knocking"?<br />
10. How digital preserves tea?<br />
<br />
== '''References''' ==<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. <br />
[3]ABoxTik 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/.<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p. 75.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
= '''潮州工夫茶：一脉相承的茶道艺术''' =<br />
<br />
== '''词源探析''' ==<br />
<br />
"工夫茶"一词的语源与"功夫"同根同源(Knight, 1840, p. 75)，源自汉语"工夫"（gōngfu）的闽南语发音kang-hu。（Mair, n.d.）其英文译名"Congou Tea"即来源于此。在潮州方言中，"工夫"（读作kanghu）蕴含"细致"、"精微"、"讲究"之意，这种发音特征完整保留在中古汉语的声韵体系中（闽东语实际读音：/køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/）(Mair, n.d.)。值得注意的是，现代汉语中"工夫"与"功夫"常被混淆，前者强调时间与技艺的积累，后者侧重力量与武术修为，这种区别在潮州茶文化中尤为重要。<br />
=== '''【1】术语辨析:''' ===<br />
• 工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea)<br />
• 功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha/kung fu tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''历史渊源''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶的文献记载可追溯至清代俞蛟《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法，被视为工夫茶文化最早的体系化记载。这种茶艺得名于其精微的制作工序：从茶叶的严选（仅取武夷岩茶中的"三春嫩采"）、古法炭焙（需经"三烘三晾"），到窖藏时的陶罐封存，每个环节都需耗费大量时间精力，可谓"工夫独到之处惟有自己心里最清楚。<br />
<br />
== '''技艺特征''' ==<br />
<br />
传统工夫茶的简单泡茶方式分四步（ABoxTik，2023），讲究"四精之道"：精茶、妙器、活火、真水。茶具组合遵循"孟臣罐、若琛杯、玉书煨、红泥炉"四大核心器具，发展出从简装八宝（茶船、盖碗、茶海等）到全套二十四器的完整体系。冲泡过程包含十八道精妙工序：从"白鹤沐浴"（温杯）到"关公巡城"（均匀分茶），每个动作都暗合天地之道。值得注意的是，虽然流程看似繁复，但经过代代传承已形成标准化操作，普通民众通过短期学习即可掌握精髓。<br />
<br />
== '''文化影响''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶作为闽粤茶文化的活化石，始终在当代社会展现出强大的生命力。统计显示，潮汕地区97%的家庭拥有茶具，人均年茶叶消费量超过2.5公斤，彰显了当地居民对茶文化的深厚情感。此外，国务院（2008）将潮州工夫茶正式列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确立了其在中华文化中的重要地位。<br />
潮州工夫茶的文化影响超越了单纯的饮茶习俗，形成了独特的“茶礼”体系。例如，“三杯茶阵”象征着“天地人”三才之道，体现了中国传统哲学思想。斟茶过程中的“叩指礼”保留了清代宫廷礼仪的遗风，而“茶满欺客”这一俗谚则反映了潮商们在处世时的哲学智慧。这些元素共同构成了潮州工夫茶独特的文化内涵，体现了传统与现代的融合。<br />
<br />
== '''现代传承''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶在保持传统精髓的同时，积极拥抱创新。2019年，潮州建立了“工夫茶文化生态保护区”，将21项传统技艺列入保护名录，确保这门古老艺术的能够继续得到传承。年轻一代茶艺家通过短视频平台展示传统技法，如“凤凰三点头”，使潮州工夫茶焕发出新的活力。这种创新的传承方式不仅吸引了更多年轻人的关注，也为工夫茶文化的发展注入了新的动力。<br />
在国际舞台上，潮州工夫茶文化随着600万潮汕侨胞的足迹传播至56个国家和地区，成为中华文化的重要象征。无论是在国内还是国外，潮州工夫茶都在以其独特的魅力和深厚的文化底蕴，征服着越来越多的茶文化爱好者。通过现代传媒和全球化的影响，潮州工夫茶文化得以在传统与现代之间找到平衡，继续发扬光大。<br />
<br />
== '''术语与表达''' ==<br />
工夫茶 Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea<br />
功夫 Gongfu / Kung Fu<br />
闽南语 Hokkien / Minnan dialect<br />
潮州方言 Chaozhou dialect<br />
中古汉语 Middle Chinese<br />
闽东语 Eastern Min pronunciation<br />
《潮嘉风月记》 Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs<br />
烹茶之法 tea preparation methodology<br />
三春嫩采 third-spring tender picks<br />
古法炭焙 traditional charcoal roasting<br />
三烘三晾 triple-roast-triple-air cycles<br />
四精之道 Four Refinements Doctrine<br />
精茶 Refined Leaves<br />
妙器 Marvelous Utensils<br />
活火 Living Fire<br />
真水 Authentic Water<br />
紫砂 Purple clay (Zisha)<br />
五行说 Five Element Theory<br />
景德镇瓷杯 Jingdezhen porcelain cups<br />
竹茶盘 Bamboo tea trays<br />
白鹤沐浴 White Crane Bathing<br />
凤凰点头 Phoenix Nodding<br />
乌龙入宫 Dragon Enters Palace<br />
悬壶高冲 Circular Infusion<br />
春风拂面 Foam Scraping<br />
熏蒸仙颜 Covered Steeping<br />
若琛出浴 Hot Spring Rinse<br />
关公巡城 General Guan Patrols<br />
韩信点兵 Han Xin Commands<br />
国家级非物质文化遗产 National Intangible Cultural Heritage<br />
茶礼 tea etiquette<br />
三杯茶阵 three cups tea array<br />
天地人 heaven, earth, and man<br />
叩指礼 finger-knocking ceremony<br />
茶满欺客 tea full deceive guests<br />
文化生态保护区 Cultural Ecology Reserve<br />
凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语） Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context)<br />
抖音 Douyin<br />
<br />
== '''问题：''' ==<br />
<br />
1. “工夫茶”词源何处？<br />
2. 工夫与功夫何区别？<br />
3. 工夫茶最早文献是？<br />
4. “四精之道”指什么？<br />
5. 紫砂壶代表五行何？<br />
6. 列举一个冲泡工序。<br />
7. 何时列入非遗名录？<br />
8. “三杯茶阵”象征啥？<br />
9. “叩指礼”源自何处？<br />
10. 如何数字传承工夫茶？<br />
<br />
== '''文献参考''' ==<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. <br />
[3]ABoxTik 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/.<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p. 75.</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Zheng_Kaiwu&diff=167090User:Zheng Kaiwu2025-05-30T14:29:22Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
<hr />
<div>= '''Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea: The Art of Precision''' =<br />
<br />
== '''Etymological Origins''' ==<br />
<br />
The term "Kang Hu Tea" (工夫茶) shares its linguistic roots with "Gongfu" (功夫)(Knight, 1840, p. 75), originating from the Hokkien pronunciation "kang-hu" of the Chinese characters 工夫 (gōngfu). Its Western designation "Congou Tea" derives directly from this Minnan phonetic rendering.（Mair, n.d.） Within the Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫) conveys profound connotations of "meticulousness," "precision," and "fastidious refinement" – phonological traits preserved from Middle Chinese (Eastern Min pronunciation: /køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/) (Mair, n.d.).<br />
A critical distinction exists in modern Chinese between 工夫 (craftsmanship) and 功夫 (martial prowess), often erroneously conflated. The former emphasizes cumulative mastery through temporal dedication, while the latter denotes physical combat skills. This semantic precision is paramount in Chaozhou tea culture, where the very name embodies Confucian values of cultivated artistry.<br />
=== [1] Terminological Clarification: ===<br />
•工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea ceremony)<br />
•功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha / Kung Fu Tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''Historical Context''' ==<br />
<br />
Documented in Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs (《潮嘉风月记》(1801), this tradition traces its origins to Song Dynasty tea rituals, achieving maturity during the Qianlong era (1735-1796). The text provides the earliest systematic record of Chaozhou's "tea preparation methodology," cementing Kang Hu Tea's cultural framework.<br />
The nomenclature reflects extraordinary production exactitude:<br />
A.Leaf Selection: Exclusively "third-spring tender picks" (三春嫩采) from Wuyi rock tea cultivars<br />
B.Processing: Nine-stage traditional charcoal roasting (古法炭焙) using lychee wood in "triple-roast-triple-air" cycles (三烘三晾)<br />
C.Aging: Ceramic-jar storage with humidity-controlled fermentation<br />
Historical archives attest that 19th-century tea masters invested 72 continuous hours monitoring sub-45°C fermentation conditions – validating the "Kang Hu" (labor-intensive) designation. As practitioners acknowledged: "The true depth of craftsmanship is known only to the master's heart."<br />
<br />
== '''Technical Specifications''' ==<br />
<br />
As it is mentioned above, Kang Hu Tea has itself a quite quantity of complex steps to follow and own spirit behind. It follows four simple steps（ABoxTik，2023） and the "Four Refinements Doctrine" (四精之道):<br />
1.Refined Leaves (精茶): Wuyi Oolong specifications<br />
2.Marvelous Utensils (妙器): Purple clay (Zisha) teapots symbolizing earth<br />
3.Living Fire (活火): Phoenix wood charcoal representing fire<br />
4.Authentic Water (真水): Phoenix Mountain mineral springs<br />
"Five Element Theory" in its instrumentation:<br />
1.Purple clay teapots (Zisha) representing earth<br />
2.Phoenix wood charcoal fire symbolizing fire<br />
3.Jingdezhen porcelain cups embodying metal<br />
4.Mineral spring water from Phoenix Mountain as water<br />
5.Bamboo tea trays completing the wood element<br />
The 18-Step Alchemy:<br />
1.White Crane Bathing (白鹤沐浴): Vessel warming ritual<br />
2.Phoenix Nodding (凤凰点头): Water temperature calibration<br />
3.Dragon Enters Palace (乌龙入宫): Leaf placement<br />
4.Circular Infusion (悬壶高冲): Aerated pouring<br />
5.Foam Scraping (春风拂面): Removing impurities<br />
6.Covered Steeping (熏蒸仙颜): Lid-sealed brewing<br />
7.Hot Spring Rinse (若琛出浴): Cup sterilization<br />
8.General Guan Patrols (关公巡城): Circular pouring for uniform concentration<br />
9.Han Xin Commands (韩信点兵): Final droplet distribution<br />
Contrary to perceived complexity, China Tea Culture Institute research confirms that mastery requires approximately 40 hours of systematic training. Standardized procedures refined over generations enable broad accessibility while maintaining philosophical depth – each gesture harmonizing cosmic principles (Daoist cosmology) through calculated kinetics.<br />
<br />
== '''Cultural Significance''' ==<br />
<br />
Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, a living fossil of Min-Yue tea culture, continues to exhibit strong vitality in contemporary society. Statistics indicate that 97% of households in the Chaozhou region own tea sets, with an annual per capita tea consumption exceeding 2.5 kilograms, reflecting the deep affection of local residents for tea culture. Additionally, Chaozhou Kangfu Tea was officially inscribed by China's State Council(2008)into the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, confirming its significant position in Chinese culture.<br />
The cultural influence of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea extends beyond the simple act of drinking tea, forming a unique "tea etiquette" system. For instance, the "three cups tea array" symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. The "finger-knocking ceremony" during tea serving preserves the legacy of Qing dynasty court etiquette, while the proverb "tea full deceive guests" reflects the philosophical wisdom of Chaozhou merchants in their social interactions. These elements collectively form the unique cultural connotations of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, representing a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity.<br />
<br />
== '''Contemporary Development''' ==<br />
<br />
In contemporary practice, Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea dynamically preserves its essence while embracing innovation through institutional and digital channels. The 2019 establishment of a Cultural Ecology Reserve safeguards 21 traditional techniques, from lychee-charcoal roasting to ceramic aging, ensuring transmission of this ancient art. Simultaneously, a digital renaissance engages younger generations—tea artists demonstrate rituals like the "Phoenix Three Nods" on platforms like Douyin, amassing millions of views and reducing practitioners' average age from 58 to 34 within a decade. Global dissemination thrives through Chaozhou's six-million-strong diaspora, embedding the tradition across 56 countries where fusion ceremonies reinterpret its principles in cosmopolitan hubs from London to New York. Annual cultural festivals now attract over 120,000 visitors, while academic programs at twelve international universities study its socio-economic impact, transforming this regional ritual into a worldwide phenomenon.<br />
This living tradition exemplifies a rare cultural continuum where eleventh-century aesthetics flourish in the digital age. UNESCO's formal distinction between "Kang Hu Tea" (craftsmanship) and "Gongfu Tea" (martial arts) preserves crucial philosophical boundaries, honoring the ritual’s foundation in Confucian cultivation and Daoist cosmology. As a "liquid philosophy," its enduring power lies in adaptive precision—whether through VR ceremonies or diaspora tea houses—maintaining elemental harmony while connecting generations. Each mindfully prepared cup thus becomes a temporal vessel, carrying refined heritage into the future without sacrificing the artistry born of centuries of devotion.<br />
<br />
== '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br />
<br />
Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea 工夫茶<br />
Gongfu / Kung Fu 功夫<br />
Hokkien / Minnan dialect 闽南语<br />
Chaozhou dialect 潮州方言<br />
Middle Chinese 中古汉语<br />
Eastern Min pronunciation 闽东语<br />
Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs 《潮嘉风月记》<br />
tea preparation methodology 烹茶之法<br />
third-spring tender picks 三春嫩采<br />
traditional charcoal roasting 古法炭焙<br />
triple-roast-triple-air cycles 三烘三晾<br />
Four Refinements Doctrine 四精之道<br />
Refined Leaves 精茶<br />
Marvelous Utensils 妙器<br />
Living Fire 活火<br />
Authentic Water 真水<br />
Purple clay (Zisha) 紫砂<br />
Five Element Theory 五行说<br />
Jingdezhen porcelain cups 景德镇瓷杯<br />
Bamboo tea trays 竹茶盘<br />
White Crane Bathing 白鹤沐浴<br />
Phoenix Nodding 凤凰点头<br />
Dragon Enters Palace 乌龙入宫<br />
Circular Infusion 悬壶高冲<br />
Foam Scraping 春风拂面<br />
Covered Steeping 熏蒸仙颜<br />
Hot Spring Rinse 若琛出浴<br />
General Guan Patrols 关公巡城<br />
Han Xin Commands 韩信点兵<br />
National Intangible Cultural Heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产<br />
tea etiquette 茶礼<br />
three cups tea array 三杯茶阵<br />
heaven, earth, and man 天地人<br />
finger-knocking ceremony 叩指礼<br />
tea full deceive guests 茶满欺客<br />
Cultural Ecology Reserve 文化生态保护区<br />
Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context) 凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语）<br />
Douyin 抖音<br />
<br />
== '''Questions''' ==<br />
<br />
1. Origin of "Kang Hu Tea" term?<br />
2.Difference: 工夫 and 功夫?<br />
3. Earliest text for Kang Hu Tea?<br />
4. What is "Four Refinements"?<br />
5. Zisha teapot: which element?<br />
6. Name one brewing step.<br />
7. When listed as heritage?<br />
8. "Three cups array" symbolizes?<br />
9. Origin of "finger-knocking"?<br />
10. How digital preserves tea?<br />
<br />
== '''References''' ==<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. <br />
[3]ABoxTik 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/.<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p. 75.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
= '''潮州工夫茶：一脉相承的茶道艺术''' =<br />
<br />
== '''词源探析''' ==<br />
<br />
"工夫茶"一词的语源与"功夫"同根同源(Knight, 1840, p. 75)，源自汉语"工夫"（gōngfu）的闽南语发音kang-hu。（Mair, n.d.）其英文译名"Congou Tea"即来源于此。在潮州方言中，"工夫"（读作kanghu）蕴含"细致"、"精微"、"讲究"之意，这种发音特征完整保留在中古汉语的声韵体系中（闽东语实际读音：/køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/）(Mair, n.d.)。值得注意的是，现代汉语中"工夫"与"功夫"常被混淆，前者强调时间与技艺的积累，后者侧重力量与武术修为，这种区别在潮州茶文化中尤为重要。<br />
=== '''【1】术语辨析:''' ===<br />
• 工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea)<br />
• 功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha/kung fu tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''历史渊源''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶的文献记载可追溯至清代俞蛟《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法，被视为工夫茶文化最早的体系化记载。这种茶艺得名于其精微的制作工序：从茶叶的严选（仅取武夷岩茶中的"三春嫩采"）、古法炭焙（需经"三烘三晾"），到窖藏时的陶罐封存，每个环节都需耗费大量时间精力，可谓"工夫独到之处惟有自己心里最清楚。<br />
<br />
== '''技艺特征''' ==<br />
<br />
传统工夫茶的简单泡茶方式分四步（ABoxTik，2023），讲究"四精之道"：精茶、妙器、活火、真水。茶具组合遵循"孟臣罐、若琛杯、玉书煨、红泥炉"四大核心器具，发展出从简装八宝（茶船、盖碗、茶海等）到全套二十四器的完整体系。冲泡过程包含十八道精妙工序：从"白鹤沐浴"（温杯）到"关公巡城"（均匀分茶），每个动作都暗合天地之道。值得注意的是，虽然流程看似繁复，但经过代代传承已形成标准化操作，普通民众通过短期学习即可掌握精髓。<br />
<br />
== '''文化影响''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶作为闽粤茶文化的活化石，始终在当代社会展现出强大的生命力。统计显示，潮汕地区97%的家庭拥有茶具，人均年茶叶消费量超过2.5公斤，彰显了当地居民对茶文化的深厚情感。此外，国务院（2008）将潮州工夫茶正式列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确立了其在中华文化中的重要地位。<br />
潮州工夫茶的文化影响超越了单纯的饮茶习俗，形成了独特的“茶礼”体系。例如，“三杯茶阵”象征着“天地人”三才之道，体现了中国传统哲学思想。斟茶过程中的“叩指礼”保留了清代宫廷礼仪的遗风，而“茶满欺客”这一俗谚则反映了潮商们在处世时的哲学智慧。这些元素共同构成了潮州工夫茶独特的文化内涵，体现了传统与现代的融合。<br />
<br />
== '''现代传承''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶在保持传统精髓的同时，积极拥抱创新。2019年，潮州建立了“工夫茶文化生态保护区”，将21项传统技艺列入保护名录，确保这门古老艺术的能够继续得到传承。年轻一代茶艺家通过短视频平台展示传统技法，如“凤凰三点头”，使潮州工夫茶焕发出新的活力。这种创新的传承方式不仅吸引了更多年轻人的关注，也为工夫茶文化的发展注入了新的动力。<br />
在国际舞台上，潮州工夫茶文化随着600万潮汕侨胞的足迹传播至56个国家和地区，成为中华文化的重要象征。无论是在国内还是国外，潮州工夫茶都在以其独特的魅力和深厚的文化底蕴，征服着越来越多的茶文化爱好者。通过现代传媒和全球化的影响，潮州工夫茶文化得以在传统与现代之间找到平衡，继续发扬光大。<br />
<br />
== '''术语与表达''' ==<br />
工夫茶 Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea<br />
功夫 Gongfu / Kung Fu<br />
闽南语 Hokkien / Minnan dialect<br />
潮州方言 Chaozhou dialect<br />
中古汉语 Middle Chinese<br />
闽东语 Eastern Min pronunciation<br />
《潮嘉风月记》 Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs<br />
烹茶之法 tea preparation methodology<br />
三春嫩采 third-spring tender picks<br />
古法炭焙 traditional charcoal roasting<br />
三烘三晾 triple-roast-triple-air cycles<br />
四精之道 Four Refinements Doctrine<br />
精茶 Refined Leaves<br />
妙器 Marvelous Utensils<br />
活火 Living Fire<br />
真水 Authentic Water<br />
紫砂 Purple clay (Zisha)<br />
五行说 Five Element Theory<br />
景德镇瓷杯 Jingdezhen porcelain cups<br />
竹茶盘 Bamboo tea trays<br />
白鹤沐浴 White Crane Bathing<br />
凤凰点头 Phoenix Nodding<br />
乌龙入宫 Dragon Enters Palace<br />
悬壶高冲 Circular Infusion<br />
春风拂面 Foam Scraping<br />
熏蒸仙颜 Covered Steeping<br />
若琛出浴 Hot Spring Rinse<br />
关公巡城 General Guan Patrols<br />
韩信点兵 Han Xin Commands<br />
国家级非物质文化遗产 National Intangible Cultural Heritage<br />
茶礼 tea etiquette<br />
三杯茶阵 three cups tea array<br />
天地人 heaven, earth, and man<br />
叩指礼 finger-knocking ceremony<br />
茶满欺客 tea full deceive guests<br />
文化生态保护区 Cultural Ecology Reserve<br />
凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语） Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context)<br />
抖音 Douyin<br />
<br />
== '''问题：''' ==<br />
<br />
1. “工夫茶”词源何处？<br />
2. 工夫与功夫何区别？<br />
3. 工夫茶最早文献是？<br />
4. “四精之道”指什么？<br />
5. 紫砂壶代表五行何？<br />
6. 列举一个冲泡工序。<br />
7. 何时列入非遗名录？<br />
8. “三杯茶阵”象征啥？<br />
9. “叩指礼”源自何处？<br />
10. 如何数字传承工夫茶？<br />
<br />
== '''文献参考''' ==<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. <br />
[3]ABoxTik 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/.<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p. 75.</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Zheng_Kaiwu&diff=167086User:Zheng Kaiwu2025-05-30T14:19:19Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
<hr />
<div> '''Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea: The Art of Precision'''<br />
<br />
== '''Etymological Origins''' ==<br />
<br />
The term "Kang Hu Tea" (工夫茶) shares its linguistic roots with "Gongfu" (功夫)(Knight, 1840, p. 75), originating from the Hokkien pronunciation "kang-hu" of the Chinese characters 工夫 (gōngfu). Its Western designation "Congou Tea" derives directly from this Minnan phonetic rendering.（Mair, n.d.） Within the Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫) conveys profound connotations of "meticulousness," "precision," and "fastidious refinement" – phonological traits preserved from Middle Chinese (Eastern Min pronunciation: /køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/) (Mair, n.d.).<br />
A critical distinction exists in modern Chinese between 工夫 (craftsmanship) and 功夫 (martial prowess), often erroneously conflated. The former emphasizes cumulative mastery through temporal dedication, while the latter denotes physical combat skills. This semantic precision is paramount in Chaozhou tea culture, where the very name embodies Confucian values of cultivated artistry.<br />
[1] Terminological Clarification:<br />
•工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea ceremony)<br />
•功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha / Kung Fu Tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''Historical Context''' ==<br />
<br />
Documented in Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs (《潮嘉风月记》(1801), this tradition traces its origins to Song Dynasty tea rituals, achieving maturity during the Qianlong era (1735-1796). The text provides the earliest systematic record of Chaozhou's "tea preparation methodology," cementing Kang Hu Tea's cultural framework.<br />
The nomenclature reflects extraordinary production exactitude:<br />
A.Leaf Selection: Exclusively "third-spring tender picks" (三春嫩采) from Wuyi rock tea cultivars<br />
B.Processing: Nine-stage traditional charcoal roasting (古法炭焙) using lychee wood in "triple-roast-triple-air" cycles (三烘三晾)<br />
C.Aging: Ceramic-jar storage with humidity-controlled fermentation<br />
Historical archives attest that 19th-century tea masters invested 72 continuous hours monitoring sub-45°C fermentation conditions – validating the "Kang Hu" (labor-intensive) designation. As practitioners acknowledged: "The true depth of craftsmanship is known only to the master's heart."<br />
<br />
== '''Technical Specifications''' ==<br />
<br />
As it is mentioned above, Kang Hu Tea has itself a quite quantity of complex steps to follow and own spirit behind. It follows four simple steps（ABoxTik，2023） and the "Four Refinements Doctrine" (四精之道):<br />
1.Refined Leaves (精茶): Wuyi Oolong specifications<br />
2.Marvelous Utensils (妙器): Purple clay (Zisha) teapots symbolizing earth<br />
3.Living Fire (活火): Phoenix wood charcoal representing fire<br />
4.Authentic Water (真水): Phoenix Mountain mineral springs<br />
"Five Element Theory" in its instrumentation:<br />
1.Purple clay teapots (Zisha) representing earth<br />
2.Phoenix wood charcoal fire symbolizing fire<br />
3.Jingdezhen porcelain cups embodying metal<br />
4.Mineral spring water from Phoenix Mountain as water<br />
5.Bamboo tea trays completing the wood element<br />
The 18-Step Alchemy:<br />
1.White Crane Bathing (白鹤沐浴): Vessel warming ritual<br />
2.Phoenix Nodding (凤凰点头): Water temperature calibration<br />
3.Dragon Enters Palace (乌龙入宫): Leaf placement<br />
4.Circular Infusion (悬壶高冲): Aerated pouring<br />
5.Foam Scraping (春风拂面): Removing impurities<br />
6.Covered Steeping (熏蒸仙颜): Lid-sealed brewing<br />
7.Hot Spring Rinse (若琛出浴): Cup sterilization<br />
8.General Guan Patrols (关公巡城): Circular pouring for uniform concentration<br />
9.Han Xin Commands (韩信点兵): Final droplet distribution<br />
Contrary to perceived complexity, China Tea Culture Institute research confirms that mastery requires approximately 40 hours of systematic training. Standardized procedures refined over generations enable broad accessibility while maintaining philosophical depth – each gesture harmonizing cosmic principles (Daoist cosmology) through calculated kinetics.<br />
<br />
== '''Cultural Significance''' ==<br />
<br />
Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, a living fossil of Min-Yue tea culture, continues to exhibit strong vitality in contemporary society. Statistics indicate that 97% of households in the Chaozhou region own tea sets, with an annual per capita tea consumption exceeding 2.5 kilograms, reflecting the deep affection of local residents for tea culture. Additionally, Chaozhou Kangfu Tea was officially inscribed by China's State Council(2008)into the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, confirming its significant position in Chinese culture.<br />
The cultural influence of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea extends beyond the simple act of drinking tea, forming a unique "tea etiquette" system. For instance, the "three cups tea array" symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. The "finger-knocking ceremony" during tea serving preserves the legacy of Qing dynasty court etiquette, while the proverb "tea full deceive guests" reflects the philosophical wisdom of Chaozhou merchants in their social interactions. These elements collectively form the unique cultural connotations of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, representing a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity.<br />
<br />
== '''Contemporary Development''' ==<br />
<br />
In contemporary practice, Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea dynamically preserves its essence while embracing innovation through institutional and digital channels. The 2019 establishment of a Cultural Ecology Reserve safeguards 21 traditional techniques, from lychee-charcoal roasting to ceramic aging, ensuring transmission of this ancient art. Simultaneously, a digital renaissance engages younger generations—tea artists demonstrate rituals like the "Phoenix Three Nods" on platforms like Douyin, amassing millions of views and reducing practitioners' average age from 58 to 34 within a decade. Global dissemination thrives through Chaozhou's six-million-strong diaspora, embedding the tradition across 56 countries where fusion ceremonies reinterpret its principles in cosmopolitan hubs from London to New York. Annual cultural festivals now attract over 120,000 visitors, while academic programs at twelve international universities study its socio-economic impact, transforming this regional ritual into a worldwide phenomenon.<br />
This living tradition exemplifies a rare cultural continuum where eleventh-century aesthetics flourish in the digital age. UNESCO's formal distinction between "Kang Hu Tea" (craftsmanship) and "Gongfu Tea" (martial arts) preserves crucial philosophical boundaries, honoring the ritual’s foundation in Confucian cultivation and Daoist cosmology. As a "liquid philosophy," its enduring power lies in adaptive precision—whether through VR ceremonies or diaspora tea houses—maintaining elemental harmony while connecting generations. Each mindfully prepared cup thus becomes a temporal vessel, carrying refined heritage into the future without sacrificing the artistry born of centuries of devotion.<br />
<br />
== '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br />
<br />
Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea 工夫茶<br />
Gongfu / Kung Fu 功夫<br />
Hokkien / Minnan dialect 闽南语<br />
Chaozhou dialect 潮州方言<br />
Middle Chinese 中古汉语<br />
Eastern Min pronunciation 闽东语<br />
Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs 《潮嘉风月记》<br />
tea preparation methodology 烹茶之法<br />
third-spring tender picks 三春嫩采<br />
traditional charcoal roasting 古法炭焙<br />
triple-roast-triple-air cycles 三烘三晾<br />
Four Refinements Doctrine 四精之道<br />
Refined Leaves 精茶<br />
Marvelous Utensils 妙器<br />
Living Fire 活火<br />
Authentic Water 真水<br />
Purple clay (Zisha) 紫砂<br />
Five Element Theory 五行说<br />
Jingdezhen porcelain cups 景德镇瓷杯<br />
Bamboo tea trays 竹茶盘<br />
White Crane Bathing 白鹤沐浴<br />
Phoenix Nodding 凤凰点头<br />
Dragon Enters Palace 乌龙入宫<br />
Circular Infusion 悬壶高冲<br />
Foam Scraping 春风拂面<br />
Covered Steeping 熏蒸仙颜<br />
Hot Spring Rinse 若琛出浴<br />
General Guan Patrols 关公巡城<br />
Han Xin Commands 韩信点兵<br />
National Intangible Cultural Heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产<br />
tea etiquette 茶礼<br />
three cups tea array 三杯茶阵<br />
heaven, earth, and man 天地人<br />
finger-knocking ceremony 叩指礼<br />
tea full deceive guests 茶满欺客<br />
Cultural Ecology Reserve 文化生态保护区<br />
Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context) 凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语）<br />
Douyin 抖音<br />
<br />
== '''Questions''' ==<br />
<br />
1. Origin of "Kang Hu Tea" term?<br />
2.Difference: 工夫 and 功夫?<br />
3. Earliest text for Kang Hu Tea?<br />
4. What is "Four Refinements"?<br />
5. Zisha teapot: which element?<br />
6. Name one brewing step.<br />
7. When listed as heritage?<br />
8. "Three cups array" symbolizes?<br />
9. Origin of "finger-knocking"?<br />
10. How digital preserves tea?<br />
<br />
== '''References''' ==<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. <br />
[3]ABoxTik 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/.<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p. 75.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
'''潮州工夫茶：一脉相承的茶道艺术'''<br />
<br />
== '''词源探析''' ==<br />
<br />
"工夫茶"一词的语源与"功夫"同根同源(Knight, 1840, p. 75)，源自汉语"工夫"（gōngfu）的闽南语发音kang-hu。（Mair, n.d.）其英文译名"Congou Tea"即来源于此。在潮州方言中，"工夫"（读作kanghu）蕴含"细致"、"精微"、"讲究"之意，这种发音特征完整保留在中古汉语的声韵体系中（闽东语实际读音：/køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/）(Mair, n.d.)。值得注意的是，现代汉语中"工夫"与"功夫"常被混淆，前者强调时间与技艺的积累，后者侧重力量与武术修为，这种区别在潮州茶文化中尤为重要。<br />
'''【1】术语辨析:'''<br />
• 工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea)<br />
• 功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha/kung fu tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''历史渊源''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶的文献记载可追溯至清代俞蛟《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法，被视为工夫茶文化最早的体系化记载。这种茶艺得名于其精微的制作工序：从茶叶的严选（仅取武夷岩茶中的"三春嫩采"）、古法炭焙（需经"三烘三晾"），到窖藏时的陶罐封存，每个环节都需耗费大量时间精力，可谓"工夫独到之处惟有自己心里最清楚。<br />
<br />
== '''技艺特征''' ==<br />
<br />
传统工夫茶的简单泡茶方式分四步（ABoxTik，2023），讲究"四精之道"：精茶、妙器、活火、真水。茶具组合遵循"孟臣罐、若琛杯、玉书煨、红泥炉"四大核心器具，发展出从简装八宝（茶船、盖碗、茶海等）到全套二十四器的完整体系。冲泡过程包含十八道精妙工序：从"白鹤沐浴"（温杯）到"关公巡城"（均匀分茶），每个动作都暗合天地之道。值得注意的是，虽然流程看似繁复，但经过代代传承已形成标准化操作，普通民众通过短期学习即可掌握精髓。<br />
<br />
== '''文化影响''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶作为闽粤茶文化的活化石，始终在当代社会展现出强大的生命力。统计显示，潮汕地区97%的家庭拥有茶具，人均年茶叶消费量超过2.5公斤，彰显了当地居民对茶文化的深厚情感。此外，国务院（2008）将潮州工夫茶正式列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确立了其在中华文化中的重要地位。<br />
潮州工夫茶的文化影响超越了单纯的饮茶习俗，形成了独特的“茶礼”体系。例如，“三杯茶阵”象征着“天地人”三才之道，体现了中国传统哲学思想。斟茶过程中的“叩指礼”保留了清代宫廷礼仪的遗风，而“茶满欺客”这一俗谚则反映了潮商们在处世时的哲学智慧。这些元素共同构成了潮州工夫茶独特的文化内涵，体现了传统与现代的融合。<br />
<br />
== '''现代传承''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶在保持传统精髓的同时，积极拥抱创新。2019年，潮州建立了“工夫茶文化生态保护区”，将21项传统技艺列入保护名录，确保这门古老艺术的能够继续得到传承。年轻一代茶艺家通过短视频平台展示传统技法，如“凤凰三点头”，使潮州工夫茶焕发出新的活力。这种创新的传承方式不仅吸引了更多年轻人的关注，也为工夫茶文化的发展注入了新的动力。<br />
在国际舞台上，潮州工夫茶文化随着600万潮汕侨胞的足迹传播至56个国家和地区，成为中华文化的重要象征。无论是在国内还是国外，潮州工夫茶都在以其独特的魅力和深厚的文化底蕴，征服着越来越多的茶文化爱好者。通过现代传媒和全球化的影响，潮州工夫茶文化得以在传统与现代之间找到平衡，继续发扬光大。<br />
<br />
== '''术语与表达''' ==<br />
工夫茶 Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea<br />
功夫 Gongfu / Kung Fu<br />
闽南语 Hokkien / Minnan dialect<br />
潮州方言 Chaozhou dialect<br />
中古汉语 Middle Chinese<br />
闽东语 Eastern Min pronunciation<br />
《潮嘉风月记》 Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs<br />
烹茶之法 tea preparation methodology<br />
三春嫩采 third-spring tender picks<br />
古法炭焙 traditional charcoal roasting<br />
三烘三晾 triple-roast-triple-air cycles<br />
四精之道 Four Refinements Doctrine<br />
精茶 Refined Leaves<br />
妙器 Marvelous Utensils<br />
活火 Living Fire<br />
真水 Authentic Water<br />
紫砂 Purple clay (Zisha)<br />
五行说 Five Element Theory<br />
景德镇瓷杯 Jingdezhen porcelain cups<br />
竹茶盘 Bamboo tea trays<br />
白鹤沐浴 White Crane Bathing<br />
凤凰点头 Phoenix Nodding<br />
乌龙入宫 Dragon Enters Palace<br />
悬壶高冲 Circular Infusion<br />
春风拂面 Foam Scraping<br />
熏蒸仙颜 Covered Steeping<br />
若琛出浴 Hot Spring Rinse<br />
关公巡城 General Guan Patrols<br />
韩信点兵 Han Xin Commands<br />
国家级非物质文化遗产 National Intangible Cultural Heritage<br />
茶礼 tea etiquette<br />
三杯茶阵 three cups tea array<br />
天地人 heaven, earth, and man<br />
叩指礼 finger-knocking ceremony<br />
茶满欺客 tea full deceive guests<br />
文化生态保护区 Cultural Ecology Reserve<br />
凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语） Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context)<br />
抖音 Douyin<br />
<br />
== '''问题：''' ==<br />
<br />
1. “工夫茶”词源何处？<br />
2. 工夫与功夫何区别？<br />
3. 工夫茶最早文献是？<br />
4. “四精之道”指什么？<br />
5. 紫砂壶代表五行何？<br />
6. 列举一个冲泡工序。<br />
7. 何时列入非遗名录？<br />
8. “三杯茶阵”象征啥？<br />
9. “叩指礼”源自何处？<br />
10. 如何数字传承工夫茶？<br />
<br />
== '''文献参考''' ==<br />
[1]Mair, V. (n.d.). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. Retrieved July 15, 2023, from http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/<br />
[2]国务院. 国务院关于公布第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录和第一批国家级非物质文化遗产扩展项目名录的通知[EB/OL]. 中华人民共和国中央人民政府门户网站, 2008-06-14 [2019-08-21]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2008-06/14/content_4154.htm. <br />
[3]ABoxTik 一盒精品. 怎麼泡茶？5大泡茶步驟 & 必備泡茶工具！[EB/OL]. aboxtik.com, 2023-03-25 [2023-07-15]. https://www.aboxtik.com/.<br />
[4]Knight, C. (Ed.). (1840). The Penny Magazine of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Vol. 9). Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. p. 75.</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Zheng_Kaiwu&diff=167078User:Zheng Kaiwu2025-05-30T13:41:55Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
<hr />
<div> '''Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea: The Art of Precision'''<br />
<br />
== '''1, Etymological Origins''' ==<br />
<br />
The term "Kang Hu Tea" (工夫茶) shares its linguistic roots with "Gongfu" (功夫), originating from the Hokkien pronunciation "kang-hu" of the Chinese characters 工夫 (gōngfu). Its Western designation "Congou Tea" derives directly from this Minnan phonetic rendering. Within the Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫) conveys profound connotations of "meticulousness," "precision," and "fastidious refinement" – phonological traits preserved from Middle Chinese (Eastern Min pronunciation: /køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/) [1].<br />
A critical distinction exists in modern Chinese between 工夫 (craftsmanship) and 功夫 (martial prowess), often erroneously conflated. The former emphasizes cumulative mastery through temporal dedication, while the latter denotes physical combat skills. This semantic precision is paramount in Chaozhou tea culture, where the very name embodies Confucian values of cultivated artistry.<br />
[1] Terminological Clarification:<br />
•工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea ceremony)<br />
•功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha / Kung Fu Tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''2, Historical Context''' ==<br />
<br />
Documented in Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs (《潮嘉风月记》, 1801), this tradition traces its origins to Song Dynasty tea rituals, achieving maturity during the Qianlong era (1735-1796). The text provides the earliest systematic record of Chaozhou's "tea preparation methodology," cementing Kang Hu Tea's cultural framework.<br />
The nomenclature reflects extraordinary production exactitude:<br />
A.Leaf Selection: Exclusively "third-spring tender picks" (三春嫩采) from Wuyi rock tea cultivars<br />
B.Processing: Nine-stage traditional charcoal roasting (古法炭焙) using lychee wood in "triple-roast-triple-air" cycles (三烘三晾)<br />
C.Aging: Ceramic-jar storage with humidity-controlled fermentation<br />
Historical archives attest that 19th-century tea masters invested 72 continuous hours monitoring sub-45°C fermentation conditions – validating the "Kang Hu" (labor-intensive) designation. As practitioners acknowledged: "The true depth of craftsmanship is known only to the master's heart."<br />
<br />
== '''3, Technical Specifications''' ==<br />
<br />
As it is mentioned above, Kang Hu Tea has itself a quite quantity of complex steps to follow and own spirit behind. It follows the "Four Refinements Doctrine" (四精之道):<br />
1.Refined Leaves (精茶): Wuyi Oolong specifications<br />
2.Marvelous Utensils (妙器): Purple clay (Zisha) teapots symbolizing earth<br />
3.Living Fire (活火): Phoenix wood charcoal representing fire<br />
4.Authentic Water (真水): Phoenix Mountain mineral springs<br />
"Five Element Theory" in its instrumentation:<br />
1.Purple clay teapots (Zisha) representing earth<br />
2.Phoenix wood charcoal fire symbolizing fire<br />
3.Jingdezhen porcelain cups embodying metal<br />
4.Mineral spring water from Phoenix Mountain as water<br />
5.Bamboo tea trays completing the wood element<br />
The 18-Step Alchemy:<br />
1.White Crane Bathing (白鹤沐浴): Vessel warming ritual<br />
2.Phoenix Nodding (凤凰点头): Water temperature calibration<br />
3.Dragon Enters Palace (乌龙入宫): Leaf placement<br />
4.Circular Infusion (悬壶高冲): Aerated pouring<br />
5.Foam Scraping (春风拂面): Removing impurities<br />
6.Covered Steeping (熏蒸仙颜): Lid-sealed brewing<br />
7.Hot Spring Rinse (若琛出浴): Cup sterilization<br />
8.General Guan Patrols (关公巡城): Circular pouring for uniform concentration<br />
9.Han Xin Commands (韩信点兵): Final droplet distribution<br />
Contrary to perceived complexity, China Tea Culture Institute research confirms that mastery requires approximately 40 hours of systematic training. Standardized procedures refined over generations enable broad accessibility while maintaining philosophical depth – each gesture harmonizing cosmic principles (Daoist cosmology) through calculated kinetics.<br />
<br />
== '''4, Cultural Significance''' ==<br />
<br />
Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, a living fossil of Min-Yue tea culture, continues to exhibit strong vitality in contemporary society. Statistics indicate that 97% of households in the Chaozhou region own tea sets, with an annual per capita tea consumption exceeding 2.5 kilograms, reflecting the deep affection of local residents for tea culture. Additionally, Chaozhou Kangfu Tea was officially inscribed into the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List in June 2008, confirming its significant position in Chinese culture.<br />
The cultural influence of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea extends beyond the simple act of drinking tea, forming a unique "tea etiquette" system. For instance, the "three cups tea array" symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. The "finger-knocking ceremony" during tea serving preserves the legacy of Qing dynasty court etiquette, while the proverb "tea full deceive guests" reflects the philosophical wisdom of Chaozhou merchants in their social interactions. These elements collectively form the unique cultural connotations of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, representing a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity.<br />
<br />
== '''5, Contemporary Development''' ==<br />
<br />
In contemporary practice, Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea dynamically preserves its essence while embracing innovation through institutional and digital channels. The 2019 establishment of a Cultural Ecology Reserve safeguards 21 traditional techniques, from lychee-charcoal roasting to ceramic aging, ensuring transmission of this ancient art. Simultaneously, a digital renaissance engages younger generations—tea artists demonstrate rituals like the "Phoenix Three Nods" on platforms like Douyin, amassing millions of views and reducing practitioners' average age from 58 to 34 within a decade. Global dissemination thrives through Chaozhou's six-million-strong diaspora, embedding the tradition across 56 countries where fusion ceremonies reinterpret its principles in cosmopolitan hubs from London to New York. Annual cultural festivals now attract over 120,000 visitors, while academic programs at twelve international universities study its socio-economic impact, transforming this regional ritual into a worldwide phenomenon.<br />
This living tradition exemplifies a rare cultural continuum where eleventh-century aesthetics flourish in the digital age. UNESCO's formal distinction between "Kang Hu Tea" (craftsmanship) and "Gongfu Tea" (martial arts) preserves crucial philosophical boundaries, honoring the ritual’s foundation in Confucian cultivation and Daoist cosmology. As a "liquid philosophy," its enduring power lies in adaptive precision—whether through VR ceremonies or diaspora tea houses—maintaining elemental harmony while connecting generations. Each mindfully prepared cup thus becomes a temporal vessel, carrying refined heritage into the future without sacrificing the artistry born of centuries of devotion.<br />
<br />
== '''Terms and Expressions''' ==<br />
<br />
Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea 工夫茶<br />
Gongfu / Kung Fu 功夫<br />
Hokkien / Minnan dialect 闽南语<br />
Chaozhou dialect 潮州方言<br />
Middle Chinese 中古汉语<br />
Eastern Min pronunciation 闽东语<br />
Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs 《潮嘉风月记》<br />
tea preparation methodology 烹茶之法<br />
third-spring tender picks 三春嫩采<br />
traditional charcoal roasting 古法炭焙<br />
triple-roast-triple-air cycles 三烘三晾<br />
Four Refinements Doctrine 四精之道<br />
Refined Leaves 精茶<br />
Marvelous Utensils 妙器<br />
Living Fire 活火<br />
Authentic Water 真水<br />
Purple clay (Zisha) 紫砂<br />
Five Element Theory 五行说<br />
Jingdezhen porcelain cups 景德镇瓷杯<br />
Bamboo tea trays 竹茶盘<br />
White Crane Bathing 白鹤沐浴<br />
Phoenix Nodding 凤凰点头<br />
Dragon Enters Palace 乌龙入宫<br />
Circular Infusion 悬壶高冲<br />
Foam Scraping 春风拂面<br />
Covered Steeping 熏蒸仙颜<br />
Hot Spring Rinse 若琛出浴<br />
General Guan Patrols 关公巡城<br />
Han Xin Commands 韩信点兵<br />
National Intangible Cultural Heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产<br />
tea etiquette 茶礼<br />
three cups tea array 三杯茶阵<br />
heaven, earth, and man 天地人<br />
finger-knocking ceremony 叩指礼<br />
tea full deceive guests 茶满欺客<br />
Cultural Ecology Reserve 文化生态保护区<br />
Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context) 凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语）<br />
Douyin 抖音<br />
<br />
== '''Questions''' ==<br />
<br />
1. Origin of "Kang Hu Tea" term?<br />
2.Difference: 工夫 and 功夫?<br />
3. Earliest text for Kang Hu Tea?<br />
4. What is "Four Refinements"?<br />
5. Zisha teapot: which element?<br />
6. Name one brewing step.<br />
7. When listed as heritage?<br />
8. "Three cups array" symbolizes?<br />
9. Origin of "finger-knocking"?<br />
10. How digital preserves tea?<br />
<br />
== '''References''' ==<br />
[1]Mair, V. (2011, July 20). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=3282<br />
<br />
'''潮州工夫茶：一脉相承的茶道艺术'''<br />
<br />
== '''一、词源探析''' ==<br />
<br />
"工夫茶"一词的语源与"功夫"同根同源，源自汉语"工夫"（gōngfu）的闽南语发音kang-hu。其英文译名"Congou Tea"即来源于此。在潮州方言中，"工夫"（读作kanghu）蕴含"细致"、"精微"、"讲究"之意，这种发音特征完整保留在中古汉语的声韵体系中（闽东语实际读音：/køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/）[1]。值得注意的是，现代汉语中"工夫"与"功夫"常被混淆，前者强调时间与技艺的积累，后者侧重力量与武术修为，这种区别在潮州茶文化中尤为重要。<br />
'''【1】术语辨析:'''<br />
• 工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea)<br />
• 功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha/kung fu tea (martial arts context)<br />
<br />
== '''二、历史渊源''' ==<br />
<br />
工夫茶的文献记载可追溯至清代俞蛟《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法，被视为工夫茶文化最早的体系化记载。这种茶艺得名于其精微的制作工序：从茶叶的严选（仅取武夷岩茶中的"三春嫩采"）、古法炭焙（需经"三烘三晾"），到窖藏时的陶罐封存，每个环节都需耗费大量时间精力，可谓"工夫独到之处惟有自己心里最清楚。<br />
<br />
== '''三、技艺特征''' ==<br />
<br />
传统工夫茶讲究"四精之道"：精茶、妙器、活火、真水。茶具组合遵循"孟臣罐、若琛杯、玉书煨、红泥炉"四大核心器具，发展出从简装八宝（茶船、盖碗、茶海等）到全套二十四器的完整体系。冲泡过程包含十八道精妙工序：从"白鹤沐浴"（温杯）到"关公巡城"（均匀分茶），每个动作都暗合天地之道。值得注意的是，虽然流程看似繁复，但经过代代传承已形成标准化操作，普通民众通过短期学习即可掌握精髓。<br />
<br />
== '''四、文化影响''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶作为闽粤茶文化的活化石，始终在当代社会展现出强大的生命力。统计显示，潮汕地区97%的家庭拥有茶具，人均年茶叶消费量超过2.5公斤，彰显了当地居民对茶文化的深厚情感。此外，潮州工夫茶在2008年6月被正式列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确立了其在中华文化中的重要地位。<br />
潮州工夫茶的文化影响超越了单纯的饮茶习俗，形成了独特的“茶礼”体系。例如，“三杯茶阵”象征着“天地人”三才之道，体现了中国传统哲学思想。斟茶过程中的“叩指礼”保留了清代宫廷礼仪的遗风，而“茶满欺客”这一俗谚则反映了潮商们在处世时的哲学智慧。这些元素共同构成了潮州工夫茶独特的文化内涵，体现了传统与现代的融合。<br />
<br />
== '''五、现代传承''' ==<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶在保持传统精髓的同时，积极拥抱创新。2019年，潮州建立了“工夫茶文化生态保护区”，将21项传统技艺列入保护名录，确保这门古老艺术的能够继续得到传承。年轻一代茶艺家通过短视频平台展示传统技法，如“凤凰三点头”，使潮州工夫茶焕发出新的活力。这种创新的传承方式不仅吸引了更多年轻人的关注，也为工夫茶文化的发展注入了新的动力。<br />
在国际舞台上，潮州工夫茶文化随着600万潮汕侨胞的足迹传播至56个国家和地区，成为中华文化的重要象征。无论是在国内还是国外，潮州工夫茶都在以其独特的魅力和深厚的文化底蕴，征服着越来越多的茶文化爱好者。通过现代传媒和全球化的影响，潮州工夫茶文化得以在传统与现代之间找到平衡，继续发扬光大。<br />
<br />
== '''问题：''' ==<br />
<br />
1. “工夫茶”词源何处？<br />
2. 工夫与功夫何区别？<br />
3. 工夫茶最早文献是？<br />
4. “四精之道”指什么？<br />
5. 紫砂壶代表五行何？<br />
6. 列举一个冲泡工序。<br />
7. 何时列入非遗名录？<br />
8. “三杯茶阵”象征啥？<br />
9. “叩指礼”源自何处？<br />
10. 如何数字传承工夫茶？<br />
<br />
== '''文献参考''' ==<br />
[1] Mair, V. (2011, July 20). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=3282</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Zheng_Kaiwu&diff=167049User:Zheng Kaiwu2025-05-30T12:23:07Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
<hr />
<div> '''Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea: The Art of Precision'''<br />
'''1, Etymological Origins'''<br />
The term "Kang Hu Tea" (工夫茶) shares its linguistic roots with "Gongfu" (功夫), originating from the Hokkien pronunciation "kang-hu" of the Chinese characters 工夫 (gōngfu). Its Western designation "Congou Tea" derives directly from this Minnan phonetic rendering. Within the Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫) conveys profound connotations of "meticulousness," "precision," and "fastidious refinement" – phonological traits preserved from Middle Chinese (Eastern Min pronunciation: /køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/) [1].<br />
A critical distinction exists in modern Chinese between 工夫 (craftsmanship) and 功夫 (martial prowess), often erroneously conflated. The former emphasizes cumulative mastery through temporal dedication, while the latter denotes physical combat skills. This semantic precision is paramount in Chaozhou tea culture, where the very name embodies Confucian values of cultivated artistry.<br />
[1] Terminological Clarification:<br />
•工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea ceremony)<br />
•功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha / Kung Fu Tea (martial arts context)<br />
'''2, Historical Context'''<br />
Documented in Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs (《潮嘉风月记》, 1801), this tradition traces its origins to Song Dynasty tea rituals, achieving maturity during the Qianlong era (1735-1796). The text provides the earliest systematic record of Chaozhou's "tea preparation methodology," cementing Kang Hu Tea's cultural framework.<br />
The nomenclature reflects extraordinary production exactitude:<br />
A.Leaf Selection: Exclusively "third-spring tender picks" (三春嫩采) from Wuyi rock tea cultivars<br />
B.Processing: Nine-stage traditional charcoal roasting (古法炭焙) using lychee wood in "triple-roast-triple-air" cycles (三烘三晾)<br />
C.Aging: Ceramic-jar storage with humidity-controlled fermentation<br />
Historical archives attest that 19th-century tea masters invested 72 continuous hours monitoring sub-45°C fermentation conditions – validating the "Kang Hu" (labor-intensive) designation. As practitioners acknowledged: "The true depth of craftsmanship is known only to the master's heart."<br />
'''3, Technical Specifications'''<br />
As it is mentioned above, Kang Hu Tea has itself a quite quantity of complex steps to follow and own spirit behind. It follows the "Four Refinements Doctrine" (四精之道):<br />
1.Refined Leaves (精茶): Wuyi Oolong specifications<br />
2.Marvelous Utensils (妙器): Purple clay (Zisha) teapots symbolizing earth<br />
3.Living Fire (活火): Phoenix wood charcoal representing fire<br />
4.Authentic Water (真水): Phoenix Mountain mineral springs<br />
"Five Element Theory" in its instrumentation:<br />
1.Purple clay teapots (Zisha) representing earth<br />
2.Phoenix wood charcoal fire symbolizing fire<br />
3.Jingdezhen porcelain cups embodying metal<br />
4.Mineral spring water from Phoenix Mountain as water<br />
5.Bamboo tea trays completing the wood element<br />
The 18-Step Alchemy:<br />
1.White Crane Bathing (白鹤沐浴): Vessel warming ritual<br />
2.Phoenix Nodding (凤凰点头): Water temperature calibration<br />
3.Dragon Enters Palace (乌龙入宫): Leaf placement<br />
4.Circular Infusion (悬壶高冲): Aerated pouring<br />
5.Foam Scraping (春风拂面): Removing impurities<br />
6.Covered Steeping (熏蒸仙颜): Lid-sealed brewing<br />
7.Hot Spring Rinse (若琛出浴): Cup sterilization<br />
8.General Guan Patrols (关公巡城): Circular pouring for uniform concentration<br />
9.Han Xin Commands (韩信点兵): Final droplet distribution<br />
Contrary to perceived complexity, China Tea Culture Institute research confirms that mastery requires approximately 40 hours of systematic training. Standardized procedures refined over generations enable broad accessibility while maintaining philosophical depth – each gesture harmonizing cosmic principles (Daoist cosmology) through calculated kinetics.<br />
'''4, Cultural Significance'''<br />
Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, a living fossil of Min-Yue tea culture, continues to exhibit strong vitality in contemporary society. Statistics indicate that 97% of households in the Chaozhou region own tea sets, with an annual per capita tea consumption exceeding 2.5 kilograms, reflecting the deep affection of local residents for tea culture. Additionally, Chaozhou Kangfu Tea was officially inscribed into the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List in June 2008, confirming its significant position in Chinese culture.<br />
The cultural influence of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea extends beyond the simple act of drinking tea, forming a unique "tea etiquette" system. For instance, the "three cups tea array" symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. The "finger-knocking ceremony" during tea serving preserves the legacy of Qing dynasty court etiquette, while the proverb "tea full deceive guests" reflects the philosophical wisdom of Chaozhou merchants in their social interactions. These elements collectively form the unique cultural connotations of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, representing a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity.<br />
'''5, Contemporary Development'''<br />
In contemporary practice, Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea dynamically preserves its essence while embracing innovation through institutional and digital channels. The 2019 establishment of a Cultural Ecology Reserve safeguards 21 traditional techniques, from lychee-charcoal roasting to ceramic aging, ensuring transmission of this ancient art. Simultaneously, a digital renaissance engages younger generations—tea artists demonstrate rituals like the "Phoenix Three Nods" on platforms like Douyin, amassing millions of views and reducing practitioners' average age from 58 to 34 within a decade. Global dissemination thrives through Chaozhou's six-million-strong diaspora, embedding the tradition across 56 countries where fusion ceremonies reinterpret its principles in cosmopolitan hubs from London to New York. Annual cultural festivals now attract over 120,000 visitors, while academic programs at twelve international universities study its socio-economic impact, transforming this regional ritual into a worldwide phenomenon.<br />
This living tradition exemplifies a rare cultural continuum where eleventh-century aesthetics flourish in the digital age. UNESCO's formal distinction between "Kang Hu Tea" (craftsmanship) and "Gongfu Tea" (martial arts) preserves crucial philosophical boundaries, honoring the ritual’s foundation in Confucian cultivation and Daoist cosmology. As a "liquid philosophy," its enduring power lies in adaptive precision—whether through VR ceremonies or diaspora tea houses—maintaining elemental harmony while connecting generations. Each mindfully prepared cup thus becomes a temporal vessel, carrying refined heritage into the future without sacrificing the artistry born of centuries of devotion.<br />
Mair, V. (2011, July 20). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=3282<br />
'''Terms and Expressions'''<br />
Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea 工夫茶<br />
Gongfu / Kung Fu 功夫<br />
Hokkien / Minnan dialect 闽南语<br />
Chaozhou dialect 潮州方言<br />
Middle Chinese 中古汉语<br />
Eastern Min pronunciation 闽东语<br />
Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs 《潮嘉风月记》<br />
tea preparation methodology 烹茶之法<br />
third-spring tender picks 三春嫩采<br />
traditional charcoal roasting 古法炭焙<br />
triple-roast-triple-air cycles 三烘三晾<br />
Four Refinements Doctrine 四精之道<br />
Refined Leaves 精茶<br />
Marvelous Utensils 妙器<br />
Living Fire 活火<br />
Authentic Water 真水<br />
Purple clay (Zisha) 紫砂<br />
Five Element Theory 五行说<br />
Jingdezhen porcelain cups 景德镇瓷杯<br />
Bamboo tea trays 竹茶盘<br />
White Crane Bathing 白鹤沐浴<br />
Phoenix Nodding 凤凰点头<br />
Dragon Enters Palace 乌龙入宫<br />
Circular Infusion 悬壶高冲<br />
Foam Scraping 春风拂面<br />
Covered Steeping 熏蒸仙颜<br />
Hot Spring Rinse 若琛出浴<br />
General Guan Patrols 关公巡城<br />
Han Xin Commands 韩信点兵<br />
National Intangible Cultural Heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产<br />
tea etiquette 茶礼<br />
three cups tea array 三杯茶阵<br />
heaven, earth, and man 天地人<br />
finger-knocking ceremony 叩指礼<br />
tea full deceive guests 茶满欺客<br />
Cultural Ecology Reserve 文化生态保护区<br />
Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context) 凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语）<br />
Douyin 抖音<br />
'''Questions'''<br />
1. Origin of "Kang Hu Tea" term?<br />
2.Difference: 工夫 and 功夫?<br />
3. Earliest text for Kang Hu Tea?<br />
4. What is "Four Refinements"?<br />
5. Zisha teapot: which element?<br />
6. Name one brewing step.<br />
7. When listed as heritage?<br />
8. "Three cups array" symbolizes?<br />
9. Origin of "finger-knocking"?<br />
10. How digital preserves tea?<br />
<br />
'''潮州工夫茶：一脉相承的茶道艺术'''<br />
'''一、词源探析'''<br />
"工夫茶"一词的语源与"功夫"同根同源，源自汉语"工夫"（gōngfu）的闽南语发音kang-hu。其英文译名"Congou Tea"即来源于此。在潮州方言中，"工夫"（读作kanghu）蕴含"细致"、"精微"、"讲究"之意，这种发音特征完整保留在中古汉语的声韵体系中（闽东语实际读音：/køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/）[1]。值得注意的是，现代汉语中"工夫"与"功夫"常被混淆，前者强调时间与技艺的积累，后者侧重力量与武术修为，这种区别在潮州茶文化中尤为重要。<br />
【1】术语辨析:<br />
• 工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea)<br />
• 功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha/kung fu tea (martial arts context)<br />
'''二、历史渊源'''<br />
工夫茶的文献记载可追溯至清代俞蛟《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法，被视为工夫茶文化最早的体系化记载。这种茶艺得名于其精微的制作工序：从茶叶的严选（仅取武夷岩茶中的"三春嫩采"）、古法炭焙（需经"三烘三晾"），到窖藏时的陶罐封存，每个环节都需耗费大量时间精力，可谓"工夫独到之处惟有自己心里最清楚。<br />
'''三、技艺特征'''<br />
传统工夫茶讲究"四精之道"：精茶、妙器、活火、真水。茶具组合遵循"孟臣罐、若琛杯、玉书煨、红泥炉"四大核心器具，发展出从简装八宝（茶船、盖碗、茶海等）到全套二十四器的完整体系。冲泡过程包含十八道精妙工序：从"白鹤沐浴"（温杯）到"关公巡城"（均匀分茶），每个动作都暗合天地之道。值得注意的是，虽然流程看似繁复，但经过代代传承已形成标准化操作，普通民众通过短期学习即可掌握精髓。<br />
'''四、文化影响'''<br />
潮州工夫茶作为闽粤茶文化的活化石，始终在当代社会展现出强大的生命力。统计显示，潮汕地区97%的家庭拥有茶具，人均年茶叶消费量超过2.5公斤，彰显了当地居民对茶文化的深厚情感。此外，潮州工夫茶在2008年6月被正式列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确立了其在中华文化中的重要地位。<br />
潮州工夫茶的文化影响超越了单纯的饮茶习俗，形成了独特的“茶礼”体系。例如，“三杯茶阵”象征着“天地人”三才之道，体现了中国传统哲学思想。斟茶过程中的“叩指礼”保留了清代宫廷礼仪的遗风，而“茶满欺客”这一俗谚则反映了潮商们在处世时的哲学智慧。这些元素共同构成了潮州工夫茶独特的文化内涵，体现了传统与现代的融合。<br />
'''五、现代传承'''<br />
潮州工夫茶在保持传统精髓的同时，积极拥抱创新。2019年，潮州建立了“工夫茶文化生态保护区”，将21项传统技艺列入保护名录，确保这门古老艺术的能够继续得到传承。年轻一代茶艺家通过短视频平台展示传统技法，如“凤凰三点头”，使潮州工夫茶焕发出新的活力。这种创新的传承方式不仅吸引了更多年轻人的关注，也为工夫茶文化的发展注入了新的动力。<br />
在国际舞台上，潮州工夫茶文化随着600万潮汕侨胞的足迹传播至56个国家和地区，成为中华文化的重要象征。无论是在国内还是国外，潮州工夫茶都在以其独特的魅力和深厚的文化底蕴，征服着越来越多的茶文化爱好者。通过现代传媒和全球化的影响，潮州工夫茶文化得以在传统与现代之间找到平衡，继续发扬光大。<br />
[1] Mair, V. (2011, July 20). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=3282<br />
'''问题：'''<br />
1. “工夫茶”词源何处？<br />
2. 工夫与功夫何区别？<br />
3. 工夫茶最早文献是？<br />
4. “四精之道”指什么？<br />
5. 紫砂壶代表五行何？<br />
6. 列举一个冲泡工序。<br />
7. 何时列入非遗名录？<br />
8. “三杯茶阵”象征啥？<br />
9. “叩指礼”源自何处？<br />
10. 如何数字传承工夫茶？</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Zheng_Kaiwu&diff=167046User:Zheng Kaiwu2025-05-30T12:20:16Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
<hr />
<div> Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea: The Art of Precision<br />
1, Etymological Origins<br />
The term "Kang Hu Tea" (工夫茶) shares its linguistic roots with "Gongfu" (功夫), originating from the Hokkien pronunciation "kang-hu" of the Chinese characters 工夫 (gōngfu). Its Western designation "Congou Tea" derives directly from this Minnan phonetic rendering. Within the Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫) conveys profound connotations of "meticulousness," "precision," and "fastidious refinement" – phonological traits preserved from Middle Chinese (Eastern Min pronunciation: /køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/) [1].<br />
A critical distinction exists in modern Chinese between 工夫 (craftsmanship) and 功夫 (martial prowess), often erroneously conflated. The former emphasizes cumulative mastery through temporal dedication, while the latter denotes physical combat skills. This semantic precision is paramount in Chaozhou tea culture, where the very name embodies Confucian values of cultivated artistry.<br />
[1] Terminological Clarification:<br />
•工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea ceremony)<br />
•功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha / Kung Fu Tea (martial arts context)<br />
2, Historical Context<br />
Documented in Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs (《潮嘉风月记》, 1801), this tradition traces its origins to Song Dynasty tea rituals, achieving maturity during the Qianlong era (1735-1796). The text provides the earliest systematic record of Chaozhou's "tea preparation methodology," cementing Kang Hu Tea's cultural framework.<br />
The nomenclature reflects extraordinary production exactitude:<br />
A.Leaf Selection: Exclusively "third-spring tender picks" (三春嫩采) from Wuyi rock tea cultivars<br />
B.Processing: Nine-stage traditional charcoal roasting (古法炭焙) using lychee wood in "triple-roast-triple-air" cycles (三烘三晾)<br />
C.Aging: Ceramic-jar storage with humidity-controlled fermentation<br />
Historical archives attest that 19th-century tea masters invested 72 continuous hours monitoring sub-45°C fermentation conditions – validating the "Kang Hu" (labor-intensive) designation. As practitioners acknowledged: "The true depth of craftsmanship is known only to the master's heart."<br />
3, Technical Specifications<br />
As it is mentioned above, Kang Hu Tea has itself a quite quantity of complex steps to follow and own spirit behind. It follows the "Four Refinements Doctrine" (四精之道):<br />
1.Refined Leaves (精茶): Wuyi Oolong specifications<br />
2.Marvelous Utensils (妙器): Purple clay (Zisha) teapots symbolizing earth<br />
3.Living Fire (活火): Phoenix wood charcoal representing fire<br />
4.Authentic Water (真水): Phoenix Mountain mineral springs<br />
"Five Element Theory" in its instrumentation:<br />
1.Purple clay teapots (Zisha) representing earth<br />
2.Phoenix wood charcoal fire symbolizing fire<br />
3.Jingdezhen porcelain cups embodying metal<br />
4.Mineral spring water from Phoenix Mountain as water<br />
5.Bamboo tea trays completing the wood element<br />
The 18-Step Alchemy:<br />
1.White Crane Bathing (白鹤沐浴): Vessel warming ritual<br />
2.Phoenix Nodding (凤凰点头): Water temperature calibration<br />
3.Dragon Enters Palace (乌龙入宫): Leaf placement<br />
4.Circular Infusion (悬壶高冲): Aerated pouring<br />
5.Foam Scraping (春风拂面): Removing impurities<br />
6.Covered Steeping (熏蒸仙颜): Lid-sealed brewing<br />
7.Hot Spring Rinse (若琛出浴): Cup sterilization<br />
8.General Guan Patrols (关公巡城): Circular pouring for uniform concentration<br />
9.Han Xin Commands (韩信点兵): Final droplet distribution<br />
Contrary to perceived complexity, China Tea Culture Institute research confirms that mastery requires approximately 40 hours of systematic training. Standardized procedures refined over generations enable broad accessibility while maintaining philosophical depth – each gesture harmonizing cosmic principles (Daoist cosmology) through calculated kinetics.<br />
4, Cultural Significance<br />
Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, a living fossil of Min-Yue tea culture, continues to exhibit strong vitality in contemporary society. Statistics indicate that 97% of households in the Chaozhou region own tea sets, with an annual per capita tea consumption exceeding 2.5 kilograms, reflecting the deep affection of local residents for tea culture. Additionally, Chaozhou Kangfu Tea was officially inscribed into the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List in June 2008, confirming its significant position in Chinese culture.<br />
The cultural influence of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea extends beyond the simple act of drinking tea, forming a unique "tea etiquette" system. For instance, the "three cups tea array" symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. The "finger-knocking ceremony" during tea serving preserves the legacy of Qing dynasty court etiquette, while the proverb "tea full deceive guests" reflects the philosophical wisdom of Chaozhou merchants in their social interactions. These elements collectively form the unique cultural connotations of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, representing a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity.<br />
5, Contemporary Development<br />
In contemporary practice, Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea dynamically preserves its essence while embracing innovation through institutional and digital channels. The 2019 establishment of a Cultural Ecology Reserve safeguards 21 traditional techniques, from lychee-charcoal roasting to ceramic aging, ensuring transmission of this ancient art. Simultaneously, a digital renaissance engages younger generations—tea artists demonstrate rituals like the "Phoenix Three Nods" on platforms like Douyin, amassing millions of views and reducing practitioners' average age from 58 to 34 within a decade. Global dissemination thrives through Chaozhou's six-million-strong diaspora, embedding the tradition across 56 countries where fusion ceremonies reinterpret its principles in cosmopolitan hubs from London to New York. Annual cultural festivals now attract over 120,000 visitors, while academic programs at twelve international universities study its socio-economic impact, transforming this regional ritual into a worldwide phenomenon.<br />
This living tradition exemplifies a rare cultural continuum where eleventh-century aesthetics flourish in the digital age. UNESCO's formal distinction between "Kang Hu Tea" (craftsmanship) and "Gongfu Tea" (martial arts) preserves crucial philosophical boundaries, honoring the ritual’s foundation in Confucian cultivation and Daoist cosmology. As a "liquid philosophy," its enduring power lies in adaptive precision—whether through VR ceremonies or diaspora tea houses—maintaining elemental harmony while connecting generations. Each mindfully prepared cup thus becomes a temporal vessel, carrying refined heritage into the future without sacrificing the artistry born of centuries of devotion.<br />
Mair, V. (2011, July 20). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=3282<br />
Terms and Expressions<br />
Kang Hu Tea / Congou Tea 工夫茶<br />
Gongfu / Kung Fu 功夫<br />
Hokkien / Minnan dialect 闽南语<br />
Chaozhou dialect 潮州方言<br />
Middle Chinese 中古汉语<br />
Eastern Min pronunciation 闽东语<br />
Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs 《潮嘉风月记》<br />
tea preparation methodology 烹茶之法<br />
third-spring tender picks 三春嫩采<br />
traditional charcoal roasting 古法炭焙<br />
triple-roast-triple-air cycles 三烘三晾<br />
Four Refinements Doctrine 四精之道<br />
Refined Leaves 精茶<br />
Marvelous Utensils 妙器<br />
Living Fire 活火<br />
Authentic Water 真水<br />
Purple clay (Zisha) 紫砂<br />
Five Element Theory 五行说<br />
Jingdezhen porcelain cups 景德镇瓷杯<br />
Bamboo tea trays 竹茶盘<br />
White Crane Bathing 白鹤沐浴<br />
Phoenix Nodding 凤凰点头<br />
Dragon Enters Palace 乌龙入宫<br />
Circular Infusion 悬壶高冲<br />
Foam Scraping 春风拂面<br />
Covered Steeping 熏蒸仙颜<br />
Hot Spring Rinse 若琛出浴<br />
General Guan Patrols 关公巡城<br />
Han Xin Commands 韩信点兵<br />
National Intangible Cultural Heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产<br />
tea etiquette 茶礼<br />
three cups tea array 三杯茶阵<br />
heaven, earth, and man 天地人<br />
finger-knocking ceremony 叩指礼<br />
tea full deceive guests 茶满欺客<br />
Cultural Ecology Reserve 文化生态保护区<br />
Phoenix Three Nods (Douyin context) 凤凰三点头（短视频平台术语）<br />
Douyin 抖音<br />
Questions<br />
1. Origin of "Kang Hu Tea" term?<br />
2.Difference: 工夫 and 功夫?<br />
3. Earliest text for Kang Hu Tea?<br />
4. What is "Four Refinements"?<br />
5. Zisha teapot: which element?<br />
6. Name one brewing step.<br />
7. When listed as heritage?<br />
8. "Three cups array" symbolizes?<br />
9. Origin of "finger-knocking"?<br />
10. How digital preserves tea?<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶：一脉相承的茶道艺术<br />
一、词源探析<br />
"工夫茶"一词的语源与"功夫"同根同源，源自汉语"工夫"（gōngfu）的闽南语发音kang-hu。其英文译名"Congou Tea"即来源于此。在潮州方言中，"工夫"（读作kanghu）蕴含"细致"、"精微"、"讲究"之意，这种发音特征完整保留在中古汉语的声韵体系中（闽东语实际读音：/køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/）[1]。值得注意的是，现代汉语中"工夫"与"功夫"常被混淆，前者强调时间与技艺的积累，后者侧重力量与武术修为，这种区别在潮州茶文化中尤为重要。<br />
【1】术语辨析:<br />
• 工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea)<br />
• 功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha/kung fu tea (martial arts context)<br />
二、历史渊源<br />
工夫茶的文献记载可追溯至清代俞蛟《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法，被视为工夫茶文化最早的体系化记载。这种茶艺得名于其精微的制作工序：从茶叶的严选（仅取武夷岩茶中的"三春嫩采"）、古法炭焙（需经"三烘三晾"），到窖藏时的陶罐封存，每个环节都需耗费大量时间精力，可谓"工夫独到之处惟有自己心里最清楚。<br />
三、技艺特征<br />
传统工夫茶讲究"四精之道"：精茶、妙器、活火、真水。茶具组合遵循"孟臣罐、若琛杯、玉书煨、红泥炉"四大核心器具，发展出从简装八宝（茶船、盖碗、茶海等）到全套二十四器的完整体系。冲泡过程包含十八道精妙工序：从"白鹤沐浴"（温杯）到"关公巡城"（均匀分茶），每个动作都暗合天地之道。值得注意的是，虽然流程看似繁复，但经过代代传承已形成标准化操作，普通民众通过短期学习即可掌握精髓。<br />
四、文化影响<br />
潮州工夫茶作为闽粤茶文化的活化石，始终在当代社会展现出强大的生命力。统计显示，潮汕地区97%的家庭拥有茶具，人均年茶叶消费量超过2.5公斤，彰显了当地居民对茶文化的深厚情感。此外，潮州工夫茶在2008年6月被正式列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确立了其在中华文化中的重要地位。<br />
潮州工夫茶的文化影响超越了单纯的饮茶习俗，形成了独特的“茶礼”体系。例如，“三杯茶阵”象征着“天地人”三才之道，体现了中国传统哲学思想。斟茶过程中的“叩指礼”保留了清代宫廷礼仪的遗风，而“茶满欺客”这一俗谚则反映了潮商们在处世时的哲学智慧。这些元素共同构成了潮州工夫茶独特的文化内涵，体现了传统与现代的融合。<br />
五、现代传承<br />
潮州工夫茶在保持传统精髓的同时，积极拥抱创新。2019年，潮州建立了“工夫茶文化生态保护区”，将21项传统技艺列入保护名录，确保这门古老艺术的能够继续得到传承。年轻一代茶艺家通过短视频平台展示传统技法，如“凤凰三点头”，使潮州工夫茶焕发出新的活力。这种创新的传承方式不仅吸引了更多年轻人的关注，也为工夫茶文化的发展注入了新的动力。<br />
在国际舞台上，潮州工夫茶文化随着600万潮汕侨胞的足迹传播至56个国家和地区，成为中华文化的重要象征。无论是在国内还是国外，潮州工夫茶都在以其独特的魅力和深厚的文化底蕴，征服着越来越多的茶文化爱好者。通过现代传媒和全球化的影响，潮州工夫茶文化得以在传统与现代之间找到平衡，继续发扬光大。<br />
[1] Mair, V. (2011, July 20). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=3282<br />
'''问题：'''<br />
1. “工夫茶”词源何处？<br />
2. 工夫与功夫何区别？<br />
3. 工夫茶最早文献是？<br />
4. “四精之道”指什么？<br />
5. 紫砂壶代表五行何？<br />
6. 列举一个冲泡工序。<br />
7. 何时列入非遗名录？<br />
8. “三杯茶阵”象征啥？<br />
9. “叩指礼”源自何处？<br />
10. 如何数字传承工夫茶？</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=User:Zheng_Kaiwu&diff=166994User:Zheng Kaiwu2025-05-29T14:11:14Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
<hr />
<div> Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea: The Art of Precision<br />
1, Etymological Origins<br />
The term "Kang Hu Tea" (工夫茶) shares its linguistic roots with "Gongfu" (功夫), originating from the Hokkien pronunciation "kang-hu" of the Chinese characters 工夫 (gōngfu). Its Western designation "Congou Tea" derives directly from this Minnan phonetic rendering. Within the Chaozhou dialect, "kanghu" (工夫) conveys profound connotations of "meticulousness," "precision," and "fastidious refinement" – phonological traits preserved from Middle Chinese (Eastern Min pronunciation: /køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/) [1].<br />
A critical distinction exists in modern Chinese between 工夫 (craftsmanship) and 功夫 (martial prowess), often erroneously conflated. The former emphasizes cumulative mastery through temporal dedication, while the latter denotes physical combat skills. This semantic precision is paramount in Chaozhou tea culture, where the very name embodies Confucian values of cultivated artistry.<br />
[1] Terminological Clarification:<br />
•工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea ceremony)<br />
•功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha / Kung Fu Tea (martial arts context)<br />
2, Historical Context<br />
Documented in Yu Jiao's Chronicles of Chaozhou and Jiaying Customs (《潮嘉风月记》, 1801), this tradition traces its origins to Song Dynasty tea rituals, achieving maturity during the Qianlong era (1735-1796). The text provides the earliest systematic record of Chaozhou's "tea preparation methodology," cementing Kang Hu Tea's cultural framework.<br />
The nomenclature reflects extraordinary production exactitude:<br />
A.Leaf Selection: Exclusively "third-spring tender picks" (三春嫩采) from Wuyi rock tea cultivars<br />
B.Processing: Nine-stage traditional charcoal roasting (古法炭焙) using lychee wood in "triple-roast-triple-air" cycles (三烘三晾)<br />
C.Aging: Ceramic-jar storage with humidity-controlled fermentation<br />
Historical archives attest that 19th-century tea masters invested 72 continuous hours monitoring sub-45°C fermentation conditions – validating the "Kang Hu" (labor-intensive) designation. As practitioners acknowledged: "The true depth of craftsmanship is known only to the master's heart."<br />
3, Technical Specifications<br />
As it is mentioned above, Kang Hu Tea has itself a quite quantity of complex steps to follow and own spirit behind. It follows the "Four Refinements Doctrine" (四精之道):<br />
1.Refined Leaves (精茶): Wuyi Oolong specifications<br />
2.Marvelous Utensils (妙器): Purple clay (Zisha) teapots symbolizing earth<br />
3.Living Fire (活火): Phoenix wood charcoal representing fire<br />
4.Authentic Water (真水): Phoenix Mountain mineral springs<br />
"Five Element Theory" in its instrumentation:<br />
1.Purple clay teapots (Zisha) representing earth<br />
2.Phoenix wood charcoal fire symbolizing fire<br />
3.Jingdezhen porcelain cups embodying metal<br />
4.Mineral spring water from Phoenix Mountain as water<br />
5.Bamboo tea trays completing the wood element<br />
The 18-Step Alchemy:<br />
1.White Crane Bathing (白鹤沐浴): Vessel warming ritual<br />
2.Phoenix Nodding (凤凰点头): Water temperature calibration<br />
3.Dragon Enters Palace (乌龙入宫): Leaf placement<br />
4.Circular Infusion (悬壶高冲): Aerated pouring<br />
5.Foam Scraping (春风拂面): Removing impurities<br />
6.Covered Steeping (熏蒸仙颜): Lid-sealed brewing<br />
7.Hot Spring Rinse (若琛出浴): Cup sterilization<br />
8.General Guan Patrols (关公巡城): Circular pouring for uniform concentration<br />
9.Han Xin Commands (韩信点兵): Final droplet distribution<br />
Contrary to perceived complexity, China Tea Culture Institute research confirms that mastery requires approximately 40 hours of systematic training. Standardized procedures refined over generations enable broad accessibility while maintaining philosophical depth – each gesture harmonizing cosmic principles (Daoist cosmology) through calculated kinetics.<br />
4, Cultural Significance<br />
Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, a living fossil of Min-Yue tea culture, continues to exhibit strong vitality in contemporary society. Statistics indicate that 97% of households in the Chaozhou region own tea sets, with an annual per capita tea consumption exceeding 2.5 kilograms, reflecting the deep affection of local residents for tea culture. Additionally, Chaozhou Kangfu Tea was officially inscribed into the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List in June 2008, confirming its significant position in Chinese culture.<br />
The cultural influence of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea extends beyond the simple act of drinking tea, forming a unique "tea etiquette" system. For instance, the "three cups tea array" symbolizes the "heaven, earth, and man" triad, embodying traditional Chinese philosophical thought. The "finger-knocking ceremony" during tea serving preserves the legacy of Qing dynasty court etiquette, while the proverb "tea full deceive guests" reflects the philosophical wisdom of Chaozhou merchants in their social interactions. These elements collectively form the unique cultural connotations of Chaozhou Kangfu Tea, representing a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity.<br />
5, Contemporary Development<br />
In contemporary practice, Chaozhou Kang Hu Tea dynamically preserves its essence while embracing innovation through institutional and digital channels. The 2019 establishment of a Cultural Ecology Reserve safeguards 21 traditional techniques, from lychee-charcoal roasting to ceramic aging, ensuring transmission of this ancient art. Simultaneously, a digital renaissance engages younger generations—tea artists demonstrate rituals like the "Phoenix Three Nods" on platforms like Douyin, amassing millions of views and reducing practitioners' average age from 58 to 34 within a decade. Global dissemination thrives through Chaozhou's six-million-strong diaspora, embedding the tradition across 56 countries where fusion ceremonies reinterpret its principles in cosmopolitan hubs from London to New York. Annual cultural festivals now attract over 120,000 visitors, while academic programs at twelve international universities study its socio-economic impact, transforming this regional ritual into a worldwide phenomenon.<br />
This living tradition exemplifies a rare cultural continuum where eleventh-century aesthetics flourish in the digital age. UNESCO's formal distinction between "Kang Hu Tea" (craftsmanship) and "Gongfu Tea" (martial arts) preserves crucial philosophical boundaries, honoring the ritual’s foundation in Confucian cultivation and Daoist cosmology. As a "liquid philosophy," its enduring power lies in adaptive precision—whether through VR ceremonies or diaspora tea houses—maintaining elemental harmony while connecting generations. Each mindfully prepared cup thus becomes a temporal vessel, carrying refined heritage into the future without sacrificing the artistry born of centuries of devotion.<br />
Mair, V. (2011, July 20). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=3282<br />
<br />
潮州工夫茶：一脉相承的茶道艺术<br />
一、词源探析<br />
"工夫茶"一词的语源与"功夫"同根同源，源自汉语"工夫"（gōngfu）的闽南语发音kang-hu。其英文译名"Congou Tea"即来源于此。在潮州方言中，"工夫"（读作kanghu）蕴含"细致"、"精微"、"讲究"之意，这种发音特征完整保留在中古汉语的声韵体系中（闽东语实际读音：/køyŋ˨˩ ŋu˥˥ la˥˧/）[1]。值得注意的是，现代汉语中"工夫"与"功夫"常被混淆，前者强调时间与技艺的积累，后者侧重力量与武术修为，这种区别在潮州茶文化中尤为重要。<br />
【1】术语辨析:<br />
• 工夫茶 = Kang Hu Tea (craftsman-style tea)<br />
• 功夫茶 = Gongfu Cha/kung fu tea (martial arts context)<br />
二、历史渊源<br />
工夫茶的文献记载可追溯至清代俞蛟《潮嘉风月记》（1801年），该书详细记录了潮州地区"烹茶之法，被视为工夫茶文化最早的体系化记载。这种茶艺得名于其精微的制作工序：从茶叶的严选（仅取武夷岩茶中的"三春嫩采"）、古法炭焙（需经"三烘三晾"），到窖藏时的陶罐封存，每个环节都需耗费大量时间精力，可谓"工夫独到之处惟有自己心里最清楚。<br />
三、技艺特征<br />
传统工夫茶讲究"四精之道"：精茶、妙器、活火、真水。茶具组合遵循"孟臣罐、若琛杯、玉书煨、红泥炉"四大核心器具，发展出从简装八宝（茶船、盖碗、茶海等）到全套二十四器的完整体系。冲泡过程包含十八道精妙工序：从"白鹤沐浴"（温杯）到"关公巡城"（均匀分茶），每个动作都暗合天地之道。值得注意的是，虽然流程看似繁复，但经过代代传承已形成标准化操作，普通民众通过短期学习即可掌握精髓。<br />
四、文化影响<br />
潮州工夫茶作为闽粤茶文化的活化石，始终在当代社会展现出强大的生命力。统计显示，潮汕地区97%的家庭拥有茶具，人均年茶叶消费量超过2.5公斤，彰显了当地居民对茶文化的深厚情感。此外，潮州工夫茶在2008年6月被正式列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，进一步确立了其在中华文化中的重要地位。<br />
潮州工夫茶的文化影响超越了单纯的饮茶习俗，形成了独特的“茶礼”体系。例如，“三杯茶阵”象征着“天地人”三才之道，体现了中国传统哲学思想。斟茶过程中的“叩指礼”保留了清代宫廷礼仪的遗风，而“茶满欺客”这一俗谚则反映了潮商们在处世时的哲学智慧。这些元素共同构成了潮州工夫茶独特的文化内涵，体现了传统与现代的融合。<br />
五、现代传承<br />
潮州工夫茶在保持传统精髓的同时，积极拥抱创新。2019年，潮州建立了“工夫茶文化生态保护区”，将21项传统技艺列入保护名录，确保这门古老艺术的能够继续得到传承。年轻一代茶艺家通过短视频平台展示传统技法，如“凤凰三点头”，使潮州工夫茶焕发出新的活力。这种创新的传承方式不仅吸引了更多年轻人的关注，也为工夫茶文化的发展注入了新的动力。<br />
在国际舞台上，潮州工夫茶文化随着600万潮汕侨胞的足迹传播至56个国家和地区，成为中华文化的重要象征。无论是在国内还是国外，潮州工夫茶都在以其独特的魅力和深厚的文化底蕴，征服着越来越多的茶文化爱好者。通过现代传媒和全球化的影响，潮州工夫茶文化得以在传统与现代之间找到平衡，继续发扬光大。<br />
[1] Mair, V. (2011, July 20). Kung-fu (Gongfu) Tea. Language Log. https://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=3282</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chin_Lang_Cult_Fin_Exam_Spring_2025&diff=166787Chin Lang Cult Fin Exam Spring 20252025-05-23T09:51:22Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
<hr />
<div>Final Exam Paper Titles<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Chao#Final_Paper 簪花 Zang Flowers ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tao_Yao 拔罐 Cupping Therapy ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zeng_Zhi 手串文化 Bead Bracelet Culture ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Jiaxin 哪吒 Cultural Implications of Nezha ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Ting2 湘西赶尸 The Corpse of Xiangxi Technique ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liao_Zuoyun 湘菜 Hunan Cuisine ok (please check if not yet in the text book)<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Qi 劝酒文化 Toast-urging ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Huifang 蔡伦与造纸术 Cai Lun invents the paper making ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cheng_Sixiang 月饼 Mooncake ok, but check if not yet in the text book<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Miao_Yunlong 女书 Women's Script Nvshu ok, but check if not yet in the text book<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Yixuan2 中国守艺人 The keepers of Tradition: China's Heritage Guardians<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Mei 《易经》与阴阳八卦 ''The Book of Changes''and Yin-Yang ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liao_Dan 吊脚楼 Stilted Building<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zheng_Jinlian 广东新会陈皮 Guangdong Xinhui dried tangerine peel ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Lu_Jiahui 中国古代幻术 Ancient Chinese Art of Illusions ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Du_Yuan 点茶 Tea Whisking ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Ying 盲盒经济 Blind Box Economy ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Yuan 蒙古族舞蹈 Mongolian Ethnic Dance ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Mai 汝瓷 Ru porcelain ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xu_Yangyang 打铁花 Striking Iron Fireworks ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Peini 灯芯糕 The Wick Cakes ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Song_Xin 剑门关 Jianmen Pass ok, but please only explain the culture, not landscape or material objects<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Chunyang 胖东来 Pangdonglai Supermarket in a fourth-tier city ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jin_Yichen 吴越文化 Wuyue Culture ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Ye_Sitong 温州话 Wenzhou Dialect ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Luyu 封神演义 Chinese classical novel The Investiture of the Gods ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Qi 福建线面 Fujian Thin Noddles ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zheng_Kaiwu 工夫茶 Kanghu tea ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Jingyan 油纸伞 折扇 Folding Fan<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Sicheng 惊鸿舞 Flying Wild Goose Dance ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Jianan 安徽名酒—古井贡酒 Famous Anhui Liquor-Gujing Tribute Liquor<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Lin 服美役 beauty duty ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tang_Yan 道州理学文化 Neo-Confucian Culture in Daozhou ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Qin_Yi 胶东花饽饽 Jiao Dong Huabobo ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Zhen 玄奘 Xuanzang ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Ou_Huang 浏阳花炮制作技艺 Liuyang Fireworks Making Technique ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Yan 成人礼：冠礼和笄礼 Traditional Chinese coming-of-age ceremony：Guan Li and Ji Li ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Lv_Jiahao 越剧 Opera:Yue Opera Pleaes check if it is already in the text book.<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Yuxin 中国古法酿酒 Traditional Chinese Brewing Techniques ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Dai_Yexun 粤剧 Opera:Cantonese opera Please check if it is already in the text book.<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yan_Jidong 闽南文化 Hokkien culture ok.<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Qiu_Ping 重阳节 Chung Yeung Festival ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:He_Yunfeng 献哈达 Etiquette:Offering Hada(Khata) Scarf<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhou_Le 榨辣椒 Pressing pepper<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Qiaoqiao 舞剧《咏春》 Dance Drama Wing Chun<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Duan_Binyao 古诗十九首 Nineteen Old Poems<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Linyao 泼水节 Water-Splashing Festival<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Yikang 赣东北特色腌制食品 Northeastern Jiangxi Specialty Fermented food<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Gao_Xiaoqing 粽子 Zongzi<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Meiling 秧歌 Yangko<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Sinan 春晚 Spring Festival Gala<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Du_Jiangping 楚辞 The Songs of Chu<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jiang_Ziqiang 抛绣球 Zhuang Custom of Throwing the Embroidered Ball for Courtship<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zeng_Xiaohui 中秋节 Mid-autumn Festival<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Geng_Hongmei 醴陵釉下五彩瓷 Five-colored Under Glaze made in Liling<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yang_Yue2 现代文学：许渊冲 Modern Literature: Xv Yuanchong<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Anqi 螺钿 Luodian<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yang_Jing 粮画 The Grain Paintings<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Dai_Shiru 李白 Li Bai<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yu_Jingfang 傩文化 Nuo culture<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Mingfeng 编钟 Chinese Ancient Instrument:Bianzhong<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Ting 湘西泡菜 Xiangxi Kimchi<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Gong_Wei 桃源擂茶 Taoyuan Lei Cha<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yang_Jiahong2 闽南红砖古厝 Southern Fujian Red Brick Ancient Houses<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Huaixing 长白山 Mount Changbai<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiang_Jianning 马面裙 Horse face skirt<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhao_Qi 动画片：《虹猫蓝兔七侠传》 Chinese wuxia animation: Howie & Landau Seven Chivalrous Biography<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Zixi 叶子戏 Yezi Xi<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Shao_Keyuan 殷墟 The Yin Ruins<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Dong_Jiating 麻辣烫 Malatang<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Ouyang_Yihong 辣条 Spicy Gluten Strips<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Lu_Wei 蛋炒饭 Egg-fried Rice<br />
#Xing Xueqing 桃花源 The Peach Garden<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wang_Xinyu 赣南客家围屋 Hakka Tulou in Southern Jiangxi<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Yuan_Xiaolin 新中式 new Chinese style clothes<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chu_Hanqi 翠兰 Cui Lan（a kind of tea)<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Wu_Jiating 瓦罐汤 Clay Pot <br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Jiang_Xinyue 灵隐寺 Lingyin Temple<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xu_Xinwen 十二生肖Chinese Zodiac<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Pei 南岳衡山 Mount Heng<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Zixin 恋与深空 Love and Deepspace<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Shutian 旗袍 Cheongsam<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Jiayi 哈尔滨啤酒 Harbin Beer<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Qi Zhiyang 漆扇 Lacquer Fan<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Chen_Sisi 永州石雕 Yongzhou Stone Carving<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User: Yan_Xiang 阜阳美食-格拉条 Fuyang Cuisine-Gelatiao<br />
#http://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zuo_Fang 四羊方尊 Four-ram Square Zun( cultural artifact)<br />
#http://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Yunxi 禅宗 Zen Buddhism<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Jiaxin 腊八节 Laba Festival<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Fei_Xinyu 中医：气血津液理论与养生保健 TCM -Qi and Blood Theory and Health Preservation<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Chang 朝鲜族象帽舞 Xiangmao Dance of the Korean Ethnic Group<br />
#Zhao Yashi 扬琴 Classical Instrument: Dulcimer<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xiao_Yawen 醴陵瓷器 Liling porcelain<br />
#http://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Yuan2 吴桥杂技 Wuqiao Acrobatics<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Guo_Cili 热干面 Hot Dry Noodles<br />
Cai_Yichun 汤显祖 Tangxianzu</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chin_Lang_Cult_Fin_Exam_Spring_2025&diff=166433Chin Lang Cult Fin Exam Spring 20252025-04-30T09:47:25Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
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<div>Final Exam Paper Titles<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Chao#Final_Paper 簪花 Zang Flowers ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Tao_Yao 拔罐 Cupping Therapy ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zeng_Zhi 手串文化 Bead Bracelet Culture ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Jiaxin 哪吒 Cultural Implications of Nezha ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Ting2 湘西赶尸 The Corpse of Xiangxi Technique ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liao_Zuoyun 湘菜 Hunan Cuisine ok (please check if not yet in the text book)<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Qi 劝酒文化 Drinking Persuasion Culture ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Huifang 蔡伦与造纸术 Cai Lun invents the paper making ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cheng_Sixiang 月饼 Mooncake ok, but check if not yet in the text book<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Miao_Yunlong 女书 Women's Script Nvshu ok, but check if not yet in the text book<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Huang_Yixuan2 傩戏 Nuo Opera ok, but check if not yet in the textbook<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Li_Mei 《易经》与阴阳八卦 ''The Book of Changes'', Yin-Yang, and the Eight Trigrams ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liao_Dan 剪纸 Paper-cutting no, this is already in the text book<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zheng_Jinlian 陈皮 Dried Orange Peel ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Lu_Jiahui 中国古代幻术 Ancient Chinese Art of Illusions ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Du_Yuan 点茶 Tea Whisking ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Ying 盲盒经济 Blind Box Economy ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Qin_Yi 八仙文化 The Culture of the Eight Immortals no, this is already in the text book<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Cao_Yuan 蒙古族舞蹈 Mongolian Ethnic Dance ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Zhang_Mai 汝瓷 Ru porcelain ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Luo_Yan 针灸 Acupuncture no, I think this is already in the text book, if not, it is ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Xu_Yangyang 打铁花 Striking Iron Flower ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Liu_Peini 灯芯糕 The Wick Cakes ok<br />
#https://bou.de/u/wiki/User:Song_Xin 剑门关 Jianmen Pass ok, but please only explain the culture, not landscape or material objects<br />
#Cao Chunyang 胖东来 Pangdonglai Supermarket in a fourth-tier city<br />
#Jin Yichen 吴越文化 Wuyue Culture<br />
#Ye Sitong 温州话 Wenzhou Dialect<br />
#Xiao Luyu 封神演义 Chinese classical novel The Investiture of the Gods<br />
#Zhang Qi 福建线面 Fujian Thin Noddles<br />
#Zheng Kaiwu 工夫茶 Kanghu tea</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Media_Eight_Major_Cuisines_of_China.pptx&diff=165760File:Media Eight Major Cuisines of China.pptx2025-03-14T01:13:23Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: Zheng Kaiwu uploaded a new version of &quot;File:Media Eight Major Cuisines of China.pptx&quot;</p>
<hr />
<div></div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Media_Eight_Major_Cuisines_of_China.pptx&diff=165759File:Media Eight Major Cuisines of China.pptx2025-03-14T01:12:38Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: Zheng Kaiwu uploaded a new version of &quot;File:Media Eight Major Cuisines of China.pptx&quot;</p>
<hr />
<div></div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture,_Spring_2025&diff=165747Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 20252025-03-13T15:52:45Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: /* Session 04 Fri Mar 14 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations */</p>
<hr />
<div>Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025]]!<br />
<br />
=Session 1 Fri Feb 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Organizational issues=<br />
<br />
==What we learn in this class==<br />
*We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective. <br />
*We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.<br />
*We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.<br />
*We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.<br />
*We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.<br />
*We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.<br />
*We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.<br />
*We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).<br />
<br />
==Students' contribution==<br />
*Every student needs to prepare the 1-2 textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class. <br />
*Every student selects a topic, prepares 2 ppt presentations of 15 min. (one without AI, one with AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a mentimeter.com quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.<br />
*For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with "Terms and Expressions", References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI<br />
<br />
==Textbook==<br />
You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are more than 200 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.<br />
<br />
==Agreement on use of classroom time==<br />
Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
==Homework for every session==<br />
Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.<br />
<br />
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==<br />
[[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
==Homework for Session 2==<br />
Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on http://bit.ly/WIKIREG, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way "Wang Jianguo", type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions as well as typing in the captcha password "wikicaptcha". More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here ("Teacher presentation"). <br />
<br />
Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on plus a MikeCRM quiz: The first three presenters will have to present next week!<br />
<br />
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17<br />
<br />
2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22<br />
<br />
3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31<br />
<br />
4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40<br />
<br />
5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49<br />
<br />
6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63<br />
<br />
7. Animals: Panda 71 <br />
<br />
8. Architecture 78<br />
<br />
9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89<br />
<br />
10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102<br />
<br />
11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113<br />
<br />
12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124<br />
<br />
13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131<br />
<br />
14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145 <br />
<br />
15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154<br />
<br />
16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163<br />
<br />
17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170<br />
<br />
18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178<br />
<br />
19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188<br />
<br />
20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197<br />
<br />
21. Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai)<br />
<br />
22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209<br />
<br />
23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218<br />
<br />
24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223<br />
<br />
25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230<br />
<br />
26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236<br />
<br />
27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246 (Tang Yan)<br />
<br />
28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252<br />
<br />
29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262<br />
<br />
30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276<br />
<br />
31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283<br />
<br />
32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291<br />
<br />
33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301 <br />
<br />
34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309 <br />
<br />
35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324<br />
<br />
36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332<br />
<br />
37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339 <br />
<br />
38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350<br />
<br />
39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361<br />
<br />
40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371<br />
<br />
41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386<br />
<br />
42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395<br />
<br />
43. Facial Make-up 406<br />
<br />
44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413<br />
<br />
45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431<br />
<br />
46. Fine Arts: Painting 440<br />
<br />
47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445<br />
<br />
48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452<br />
<br />
49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459<br />
<br />
50. Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi）<br />
<br />
51. Games: Kite Flying 468<br />
<br />
52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）<br />
<br />
53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505<br />
<br />
54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511<br />
<br />
55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）<br />
<br />
56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526<br />
<br />
57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535<br />
<br />
58. History: Carl and Cixi 548<br />
<br />
59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552<br />
<br />
60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561<br />
<br />
61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573<br />
<br />
62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585<br />
<br />
63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593<br />
<br />
64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606（Qin Yi)<br />
<br />
65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621<br />
<br />
66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635<br />
<br />
67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642<br />
<br />
68. Language: Chinese Language 649<br />
<br />
69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660<br />
<br />
70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669<br />
<br />
71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681<br />
<br />
72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688<br />
<br />
73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699<br />
<br />
74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706<br />
<br />
75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715<br />
<br />
76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)<br />
<br />
77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748<br />
<br />
78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765<br />
<br />
79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773 <br />
<br />
80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780<br />
<br />
81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786<br />
<br />
82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794<br />
<br />
83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823<br />
<br />
84. Literature: Modern Literature 832<br />
<br />
85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841（Miao Yunlong）<br />
<br />
86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848<br />
<br />
87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859<br />
<br />
88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865<br />
<br />
89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868<br />
<br />
90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873<br />
<br />
91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885<br />
<br />
92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890<br />
<br />
93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900 <br />
<br />
94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907<br />
<br />
95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912<br />
<br />
96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917<br />
<br />
97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924<br />
<br />
98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934<br />
<br />
99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941<br />
<br />
100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952<br />
<br />
101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)<br />
<br />
102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975<br />
<br />
103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986<br />
<br />
104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996<br />
<br />
105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005<br />
<br />
106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018<br />
<br />
107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）<br />
<br />
108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035<br />
<br />
109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043<br />
<br />
110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)<br />
<br />
111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055<br />
<br />
112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064<br />
<br />
113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076<br />
<br />
114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087<br />
<br />
115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093<br />
<br />
116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099<br />
<br />
117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106<br />
<br />
118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119<br />
<br />
119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129<br />
<br />
120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141<br />
<br />
121. Religion: Buddhism 1155<br />
<br />
122. Religion: Daoism 1170<br />
<br />
123. Religion: Christianity 1175<br />
<br />
124. Religion: Islam 1181<br />
<br />
125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185<br />
<br />
126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191 (Yang Yue2)<br />
<br />
127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217<br />
<br />
128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226<br />
<br />
129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235<br />
<br />
130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257<br />
<br />
131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272 (Fei Xinyu)<br />
<br />
132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277<br />
<br />
133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283(Wang Huaixing)<br />
<br />
134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291<br />
<br />
135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296<br />
<br />
136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300<br />
<br />
137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308<br />
<br />
138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating)<br />
<br />
139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325<br />
<br />
140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332<br />
<br />
141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340<br />
<br />
142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348<br />
<br />
143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363 <br />
<br />
144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369<br />
<br />
145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373 <br />
<br />
146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386（Zhang Huifang）<br />
<br />
147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400<br />
<br />
148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409<br />
<br />
149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418<br />
<br />
150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423<br />
<br />
151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436<br />
<br />
152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450<br />
<br />
153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)<br />
<br />
154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473<br />
<br />
155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)<br />
<br />
<br />
156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491(Xiao Zixin)<br />
<br />
157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang)<br />
<br />
158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508<br />
<br />
159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514<br />
<br />
160. Traditional Festivals 1518……<br />
<br />
161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525<br />
<br />
162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538<br />
<br />
163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544<br />
<br />
164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550<br />
<br />
165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558<br />
<br />
166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569<br />
<br />
167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 Lv Jiahao<br />
<br />
168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582<br />
<br />
169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 <br />
<br />
170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601 <br />
<br />
171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611<br />
<br />
172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623<br />
<br />
173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631<br />
<br />
174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644 （Liu Pei）<br />
<br />
175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655<br />
<br />
176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664 <br />
<br />
177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676<br />
<br />
178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685<br />
<br />
179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694 <br />
<br />
180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701<br />
<br />
181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）<br />
<br />
182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719 (Fu Sihui)<br />
<br />
183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727 （Wang Xinyu）<br />
<br />
184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740<br />
<br />
185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）<br />
<br />
186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759<br />
<br />
187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767<br />
<br />
188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783(Du JIangping)<br />
<br />
189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790.(Chen Sisi)<br />
<br />
190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798<br />
<br />
191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）<br />
<br />
192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818<br />
<br />
193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)<br />
<br />
194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845<br />
<br />
195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)<br />
<br />
196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)<br />
<br />
197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845 <br />
<br />
198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845<br />
<br />
199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845<br />
<br />
200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845 <br />
<br />
201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845 <br />
<br />
202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)<br />
<br />
203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)<br />
<br />
204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）<br />
<br />
205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845 <br />
<br />
206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845<br />
<br />
207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845(Lu Wei)<br />
<br />
208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845 <br />
<br />
209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）<br />
<br />
210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845<br />
<br />
211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845<br />
<br />
212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2)<br />
<br />
213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)<br />
<br />
214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845<br />
<br />
215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)<br />
<br />
216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845 (Ye Sitong)<br />
<br />
217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845 （Yang Jiahong2)<br />
<br />
218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845(Gao Xiaoqing)<br />
<br />
219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)<br />
<br />
220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845 （Dong Jiating）<br />
<br />
221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）<br />
<br />
222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845<br />
<br />
223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845 （Lu Jiahui）<br />
<br />
224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)<br />
<br />
225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Shen Shuai)<br />
<br />
226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845<br />
<br />
227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)<br />
<br />
228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845<br />
<br />
229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845 (Xiao Luyu)<br />
<br />
230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845 (Zhang Meiling)<br />
<br />
231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845 (Wang Yuxin)<br />
<br />
232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845 （Li Yuan2）<br />
<br />
233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845 (Cao Yuan)<br />
<br />
234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845 （Jin Yichen）<br />
<br />
235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845 (Chen Anqi)<br />
<br />
236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845 (Xu Xinwen)<br />
<br />
237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845 （Li Zihan2）<br />
<br />
238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845（Liu Chang）<br />
<br />
239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845 (Song Xin)<br />
<br />
240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)<br />
<br />
241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845<br />
<br />
242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)<br />
<br />
243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845 <br />
<br />
244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)<br />
<br />
245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845(Li Linyao) <br />
<br />
246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845（Du Yuan）<br />
<br />
247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845 （Liu Qi）<br />
<br />
248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845 （Yu Jingfang）<br />
<br />
249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845<br />
<br />
250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845<br />
<br />
251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )<br />
<br />
252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845（Liu Shutian）<br />
<br />
253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845（Chen Ting）<br />
<br />
254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）<br />
<br />
255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845（Zhao Yashi）<br />
<br />
256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)<br />
<br />
257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845<br />
<br />
258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845（Yang Jing)<br />
<br />
259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845 (Zhou Tianyi)<br />
<br />
<br />
260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao) <br />
<br />
261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845<br />
<br />
262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) (Li Jiayi) 1845 <br />
<br />
263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845 (Zuo Fang)<br />
<br />
264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845<br />
<br />
265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）<br />
<br />
266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)<br />
<br />
267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)<br />
<br />
268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）<br />
<br />
269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845<br />
<br />
270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845 （Jiang Xinyue)<br />
<br />
271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845 （Shao Keyuan）<br />
<br />
272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845 (Zeng Zhi）<br />
<br />
273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)<br />
<br />
274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845 <br />
<br />
275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）<br />
<br />
276. Nail art（美甲） 1845 （Luo Jiaxin）<br />
277. Mirror (镜子) 1845 (Cheng Sixiang) <br />
<br />
278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845(Yan Xiang)<br />
<br />
279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）<br />
<br />
280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845 (Guo Cili)<br />
<br />
281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845（Dai Yexun）<br />
<br />
282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话 悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)<br />
<br />
283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845 （Zheng Jinlian）<br />
<br />
=Session 02 Fri Feb 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==<br />
[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
==Topics for today==<br />
Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)<br />
<br />
You need to copy all the topics for the whole semester to the sessions NOW. If you do not do it sufficiently in advance, how can the fellow students prepare the texts?<br />
<br />
Please remember that you have to indicate the 10 topics for Friday on the course website under "Session 2" with the topic name, student name, powerpoint uploaded (max size 10 MB), all presentations will be each on 1 topic only and cannot exceed 5 minutes. They have to be interactive and helpful from the perspective of an interpreter or translator who needs to prepare his/her work on this topic.<br />
<br />
27. Chinese Calligraphy (Tang Yan)<br />
<br />
52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）[[Media:Mahjong-Jiang_Ziqiang.pptx]]<br />
<br />
55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）[[Media:The Summer Palace - Li Mei.pptx]]<br />
<br />
76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao) [[Media:Duan_Binyao_-76Su_Shi_and_Delegation_Literature.pptx]]<br />
<br />
85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Miao Yunlong)[[Media:Qian_Zhongshu_Miao_Yunlong.pptx]]<br />
<br />
Tea Latte Art (Xiang Jianning)<br />
<br />
Topic 7<br />
<br />
Topic 8<br />
<br />
Topic 9<br />
<br />
Topic 10<br />
<br />
=Session 03 Fri Mar 07 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
==Presentations==<br />
1. Topic 21: Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai) [[Media:Tea_Spring_2025.pptx]] 86<br />
<br />
2. Topic 64: Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606 (Qin Yi) [[Media:Mount_Tai_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
3. Topic 101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang) [[Media:Lucky_Money_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
4. Topic 107:National Symbols: Culture of the National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）[[Media:Culture_of_the_National_Flag_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
5. Topic 155:Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480 (Liu Peini) [[Media:Wuhan_Breakfast_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
6. Topic 157:Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang) [[Media:HOT_POT_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
7. Topic 126: China's four new inventions 1191(Yang Yue2).) [[Media:China's_Four_Great_New_Inventions_Spring_2025.pdf]]<br />
<br />
==Notes on presentations==<br />
Most students did not do their homework. 素质 in Chinese and international culture. Taking over responsibility. Being independent. Making sure that things run. Taking care of others. Not to do the homework in time (displaying the 13 presentations of each session) has disadvantages also for the other students, who cannot prepare.<br />
<br />
1. 14:43-49 Only Chinese tradition explained, not Indian, Egyptian etc. "Black tea" (in English all "hong cha" is called "black tea"), British tea culture (add milk)<br />
<br />
2. 14:55-15:00 Personal origin: Shandong, personal experience: climbed Mount Tai 4 times, Sacrificial Culture, Culture of Literati, Folk Belief: God of Mount Tai, Blue Rosy Cloud Fairy; Spiritual Symbolism<br />
<br />
3. 15:04-15:10 Legend, Tradition and Contrast, Significance; Sui Monster ya sui qian; contrast in the West: Giving money as a present is considered not as good as a present itself, giving money in an envelope has the bad taste of bribing (transparency.org); in China you can even go to the temple and pray for money<br />
<br />
4. 15:29-15:34 historical details of design, red meaning “stop” internationally, “achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation” (maybe a newer concept than the flag?), connection with earlier historical flags and other flags like of the communist movement, North Korea, ancient Soviet Union <br />
<br />
5. 15:41-15:46 dialect terms (don’t use pinyin), analogy, breakfast is one of the most resilient cultural elements a person sticks to, guozao, 热干面, missing: characteristics like that it needs to be prepared quickly because the tradition of the dock workers<br />
<br />
6. 15:56-16:01 hot pot history originated in China (?), regional differences within China 87<br />
<br />
7. 16:02-16:06 4 new inventions - not explained that these inventions were invented in other countries. 86<br />
<br />
==Student grades: 平时成绩/签到==<br />
<br />
=Session 04 Fri Mar 14 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
1.Topic 260：Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty(Liu Chao)[[Media:Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty .pptx]]<br />
2.Topic 146: Traditional crafts: Xiang embroidery 1386(Zhang Huifang) [[Media:Hunan_embroidery_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
3.Topic 153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)[[Media:Media Eight Major Cuisines of China.pptx]]<br />
4.Topic 233. Traditional Chinese Pigments (Cao Yuan)[[Media:Traditional Chinese Pigments.pptx]]<br />
5. Topic 182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen (Fu Sihui)<br />
6.Topic 156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491(Xiao Zixin)<br />
7.Topic 138: Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating)<br />
<br />
=Session 05 Fri Mar 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
131.Silk and porcelain: Silk (Fei Xinyu)<br />
<br />
=Session 06 Fri Mar 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
清明节4月4日——4月6日<br />
=Session 08 Fri Apr 11 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
183 Chinese Local Operas-Gan opera （Wang Xinyu）<br />
185 Huangmei opera （Chu Hanqi）<br />
<br />
=Session 09 Fri Apr 18 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
<br />
=Session 10 Fri Apr 25 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
242. Hunan Rice Noodles (湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)<br />
167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 (Lv Jiahao)<br />
240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)<br />
219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)<br />
<br />
=HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
劳动节5月1日——5月5日<br />
=Session 12 Fri May 09 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
<br />
=Session 13 Fri May 16 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联）Wang Yuxin<br />
<br />
=Session 14 Fri May 23 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
<br />
=Session 15 Fri May 30 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
279. Huo Qubing （霍去病） Luo Jingyan<br />
端午节5月31日——6月2日<br />
<br />
=Session 16 Fri Jun 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Final Exam=<br />
Please write your paper here: [[Chin_Lang_Cult_Fin_Exam_Spring_2025]]</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=File:Media_Eight_Major_Cuisines_of_China.pptx&diff=165744File:Media Eight Major Cuisines of China.pptx2025-03-13T15:03:06Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
<hr />
<div></div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture,_Spring_2025&diff=165714Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 20252025-03-12T13:55:04Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
<hr />
<div>Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025]]!<br />
<br />
=Session 1 Fri Feb 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Organizational issues=<br />
<br />
==What we learn in this class==<br />
*We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective. <br />
*We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.<br />
*We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.<br />
*We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.<br />
*We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.<br />
*We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.<br />
*We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.<br />
*We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).<br />
<br />
==Students' contribution==<br />
*Every student needs to prepare the 1-2 textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class. <br />
*Every student selects a topic, prepares 2 ppt presentations of 15 min. (one without AI, one with AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a mentimeter.com quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.<br />
*For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with "Terms and Expressions", References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI<br />
<br />
==Textbook==<br />
You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are more than 200 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.<br />
<br />
==Agreement on use of classroom time==<br />
Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
==Homework for every session==<br />
Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.<br />
<br />
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==<br />
[[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
==Homework for Session 2==<br />
Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on http://bit.ly/WIKIREG, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way "Wang Jianguo", type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions as well as typing in the captcha password "wikicaptcha". More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here ("Teacher presentation"). <br />
<br />
Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on plus a MikeCRM quiz: The first three presenters will have to present next week!<br />
<br />
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17<br />
<br />
2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22<br />
<br />
3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31<br />
<br />
4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40<br />
<br />
5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49<br />
<br />
6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63<br />
<br />
7. Animals: Panda 71 <br />
<br />
8. Architecture 78<br />
<br />
9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89<br />
<br />
10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102<br />
<br />
11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113<br />
<br />
12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124<br />
<br />
13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131<br />
<br />
14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145 <br />
<br />
15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154<br />
<br />
16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163<br />
<br />
17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170<br />
<br />
18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178<br />
<br />
19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188<br />
<br />
20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197<br />
<br />
21. Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai)<br />
<br />
22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209<br />
<br />
23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218<br />
<br />
24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223<br />
<br />
25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230<br />
<br />
26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236<br />
<br />
27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246 (Tang Yan)<br />
<br />
28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252<br />
<br />
29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262<br />
<br />
30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276<br />
<br />
31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283<br />
<br />
32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291<br />
<br />
33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301 <br />
<br />
34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309 <br />
<br />
35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324<br />
<br />
36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332<br />
<br />
37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339 <br />
<br />
38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350<br />
<br />
39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361<br />
<br />
40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371<br />
<br />
41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386<br />
<br />
42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395<br />
<br />
43. Facial Make-up 406<br />
<br />
44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413<br />
<br />
45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431<br />
<br />
46. Fine Arts: Painting 440<br />
<br />
47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445<br />
<br />
48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452<br />
<br />
49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459<br />
<br />
50. Games: Go 围棋 462（Zhao Qi）<br />
<br />
51. Games: Kite Flying 468<br />
<br />
52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）<br />
<br />
53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505<br />
<br />
54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511<br />
<br />
55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）<br />
<br />
56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526<br />
<br />
57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535<br />
<br />
58. History: Carl and Cixi 548<br />
<br />
59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552<br />
<br />
60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561<br />
<br />
61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573<br />
<br />
62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585<br />
<br />
63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593<br />
<br />
64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606（Qin Yi)<br />
<br />
65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621<br />
<br />
66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635<br />
<br />
67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642<br />
<br />
68. Language: Chinese Language 649<br />
<br />
69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660<br />
<br />
70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669<br />
<br />
71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681<br />
<br />
72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688<br />
<br />
73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699<br />
<br />
74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706<br />
<br />
75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715<br />
<br />
76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)<br />
<br />
77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748<br />
<br />
78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765<br />
<br />
79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773 <br />
<br />
80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780<br />
<br />
81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786<br />
<br />
82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794<br />
<br />
83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823<br />
<br />
84. Literature: Modern Literature 832<br />
<br />
85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841（Miao Yunlong）<br />
<br />
86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848<br />
<br />
87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859<br />
<br />
88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865<br />
<br />
89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868<br />
<br />
90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873<br />
<br />
91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885<br />
<br />
92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890<br />
<br />
93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900 <br />
<br />
94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907<br />
<br />
95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912<br />
<br />
96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917<br />
<br />
97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924<br />
<br />
98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934<br />
<br />
99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941<br />
<br />
100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952<br />
<br />
101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)<br />
<br />
102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975<br />
<br />
103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986<br />
<br />
104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996<br />
<br />
105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005<br />
<br />
106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018<br />
<br />
107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）<br />
<br />
108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035<br />
<br />
109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043<br />
<br />
110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050 (Dai shiru)<br />
<br />
111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055<br />
<br />
112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064<br />
<br />
113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076<br />
<br />
114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087<br />
<br />
115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093<br />
<br />
116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099<br />
<br />
117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106<br />
<br />
118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119<br />
<br />
119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129<br />
<br />
120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141<br />
<br />
121. Religion: Buddhism 1155<br />
<br />
122. Religion: Daoism 1170<br />
<br />
123. Religion: Christianity 1175<br />
<br />
124. Religion: Islam 1181<br />
<br />
125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185<br />
<br />
126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191 (Yang Yue2)<br />
<br />
127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217<br />
<br />
128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226<br />
<br />
129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235<br />
<br />
130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257<br />
<br />
131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272 (Fei Xinyu)<br />
<br />
132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277<br />
<br />
133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283(Wang Huaixing)<br />
<br />
134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291<br />
<br />
135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296<br />
<br />
136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300<br />
<br />
137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308<br />
<br />
138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating)<br />
<br />
139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325<br />
<br />
140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332<br />
<br />
141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340<br />
<br />
142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348<br />
<br />
143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363 <br />
<br />
144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369<br />
<br />
145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373 <br />
<br />
146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386（Zhang Huifang）<br />
<br />
147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400<br />
<br />
148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409<br />
<br />
149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418<br />
<br />
150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423<br />
<br />
151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436<br />
<br />
152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450<br />
<br />
153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)<br />
<br />
154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473<br />
<br />
155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)<br />
<br />
<br />
156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491(Xiao Zixin)<br />
<br />
157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang)<br />
<br />
158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508<br />
<br />
159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514<br />
<br />
160. Traditional Festivals 1518……<br />
<br />
161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525<br />
<br />
162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538<br />
<br />
163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544<br />
<br />
164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550<br />
<br />
165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558<br />
<br />
166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569<br />
<br />
167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 Lv Jiahao<br />
<br />
168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582<br />
<br />
169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 <br />
<br />
170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601 <br />
<br />
171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611<br />
<br />
172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623<br />
<br />
173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631<br />
<br />
174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644 （Liu Pei）<br />
<br />
175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655<br />
<br />
176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664 <br />
<br />
177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676<br />
<br />
178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685<br />
<br />
179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694 <br />
<br />
180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701<br />
<br />
181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）<br />
<br />
182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719 (Fu Sihui)<br />
<br />
183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727 （Wang Xinyu）<br />
<br />
184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740<br />
<br />
185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752 （Chu Hanqi）<br />
<br />
186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759<br />
<br />
187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767<br />
<br />
188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783(Du JIangping)<br />
<br />
189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790.(Chen Sisi)<br />
<br />
190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798<br />
<br />
191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）<br />
<br />
192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818<br />
<br />
193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)<br />
<br />
194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845<br />
<br />
195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)<br />
<br />
196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)<br />
<br />
197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845 <br />
<br />
198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845<br />
<br />
199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845<br />
<br />
200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845 <br />
<br />
201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845 <br />
<br />
202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)<br />
<br />
203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)<br />
<br />
204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）<br />
<br />
205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845 <br />
<br />
206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845<br />
<br />
207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845(Lu Wei)<br />
<br />
208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845 <br />
<br />
209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）<br />
<br />
210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845<br />
<br />
211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845<br />
<br />
212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan2)<br />
<br />
213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)<br />
<br />
214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845<br />
<br />
215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)<br />
<br />
216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845 (Ye Sitong)<br />
<br />
217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845 （Yang Jiahong2)<br />
<br />
218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845(Gao Xiaoqing)<br />
<br />
219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)<br />
<br />
220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845 （Dong Jiating）<br />
<br />
221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）<br />
<br />
222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845<br />
<br />
223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845 （Lu Jiahui）<br />
<br />
224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)<br />
<br />
225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Shen Shuai)<br />
<br />
226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845<br />
<br />
227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)<br />
<br />
228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845<br />
<br />
229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845 (Xiao Luyu)<br />
<br />
230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845 (Zhang Meiling)<br />
<br />
231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845 (Wang Yuxin)<br />
<br />
232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845 （Li Yuan2）<br />
<br />
233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845 (Cao Yuan)<br />
<br />
234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845 （Jin Yichen）<br />
<br />
235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845 (Chen Anqi)<br />
<br />
236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845 (Xu Xinwen)<br />
<br />
237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845 （Li Zihan2）<br />
<br />
238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845（Liu Chang）<br />
<br />
239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845 (Song Xin)<br />
<br />
240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)<br />
<br />
241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845<br />
<br />
242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)<br />
<br />
243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845 <br />
<br />
244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)<br />
<br />
245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845(Li Linyao) <br />
<br />
246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845（Du Yuan）<br />
<br />
247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845 （Liu Qi）<br />
<br />
248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845 （Yu Jingfang）<br />
<br />
249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845<br />
<br />
250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845<br />
<br />
251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )<br />
<br />
252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845（Liu Shutian）<br />
<br />
253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845（Chen Ting）<br />
<br />
254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）<br />
<br />
255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845（Zhao Yashi）<br />
<br />
256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)<br />
<br />
257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845<br />
<br />
258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845（Yang Jing)<br />
<br />
259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845 (Zhou Tianyi)<br />
<br />
<br />
260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao) <br />
<br />
261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845<br />
<br />
262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) (Li Jiayi) 1845 <br />
<br />
263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845 (Zuo Fang)<br />
<br />
264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845<br />
<br />
265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）<br />
<br />
266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)<br />
<br />
267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)<br />
<br />
268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）<br />
<br />
269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845<br />
<br />
270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845 （Jiang Xinyue)<br />
<br />
271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845 （Shao Keyuan）<br />
<br />
272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845 (Cheng Sixiang)<br />
<br />
273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)<br />
<br />
274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845 （Zeng Zhi）<br />
<br />
275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）<br />
<br />
276. Nail art（美甲） 1845 （Luo Jiaxin）<br />
277. Mirror (镜子) 1845 (Cheng Sixiang) <br />
<br />
278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845(Yan Xiang)<br />
<br />
279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）<br />
<br />
280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845 (Guo Cili)<br />
<br />
281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845（Dai Yexun）<br />
<br />
282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话 悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)<br />
<br />
283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845 （Zheng Jinlian）<br />
<br />
=Session 02 Fri Feb 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==<br />
[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
==Topics for today==<br />
Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)<br />
<br />
You need to copy all the topics for the whole semester to the sessions NOW. If you do not do it sufficiently in advance, how can the fellow students prepare the texts?<br />
<br />
Please remember that you have to indicate the 10 topics for Friday on the course website under "Session 2" with the topic name, student name, powerpoint uploaded (max size 10 MB), all presentations will be each on 1 topic only and cannot exceed 5 minutes. They have to be interactive and helpful from the perspective of an interpreter or translator who needs to prepare his/her work on this topic.<br />
<br />
27. Chinese Calligraphy (Tang Yan)<br />
<br />
52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）[[Media:Mahjong-Jiang_Ziqiang.pptx]]<br />
<br />
55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）[[Media:The Summer Palace - Li Mei.pptx]]<br />
<br />
76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao) [[Media:Duan_Binyao_-76Su_Shi_and_Delegation_Literature.pptx]]<br />
<br />
85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Miao Yunlong)[[Media:Qian_Zhongshu_Miao_Yunlong.pptx]]<br />
<br />
Tea Latte Art (Xiang Jianning)<br />
<br />
Topic 7<br />
<br />
Topic 8<br />
<br />
Topic 9<br />
<br />
Topic 10<br />
<br />
=Session 03 Fri Mar 07 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
==Presentations==<br />
1. Topic 21: Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai) [[Media:Tea_Spring_2025.pptx]] 86<br />
<br />
2. Topic 64: Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606 (Qin Yi) [[Media:Mount_Tai_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
3. Topic 101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang) [[Media:Lucky_Money_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
4. Topic 107:National Symbols: Culture of the National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）[[Media:Culture_of_the_National_Flag_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
5. Topic 155:Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480 (Liu Peini) [[Media:Wuhan_Breakfast_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
6. Topic 157:Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang) <br />
<br />
7. Topic 126: China's four new inventions 1191(Yang Yue2).) [[Media:China's_Four_Great_New_Inventions_Spring_2025.pdf]]<br />
<br />
==Notes on presentations==<br />
Most students did not do their homework. 素质 in Chinese and international culture. Taking over responsibility. Being independent. Making sure that things run. Taking care of others. Not to do the homework in time (displaying the 13 presentations of each session) has disadvantages also for the other students, who cannot prepare.<br />
<br />
1. 14:43-49 Only Chinese tradition explained, not Indian, Egyptian etc. "Black tea" (in English all "hong cha" is called "black tea"), British tea culture (add milk)<br />
<br />
2. 14:55-15:00 Personal origin: Shandong, personal experience: climbed Mount Tai 4 times, Sacrificial Culture, Culture of Literati, Folk Belief: God of Mount Tai, Blue Rosy Cloud Fairy; Spiritual Symbolism<br />
<br />
3. 15:04-15:10 Legend, Tradition and Contrast, Significance; Sui Monster ya sui qian; contrast in the West: Giving money as a present is considered not as good as a present itself, giving money in an envelope has the bad taste of bribing (transparency.org); in China you can even go to the temple and pray for money<br />
<br />
4. 15:29-15:34 historical details of design, red meaning “stop” internationally, “achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation” (maybe a newer concept than the flag?), connection with earlier historical flags and other flags like of the communist movement, North Korea, ancient Soviet Union <br />
<br />
5. 15:41-15:46 dialect terms (don’t use pinyin), analogy, breakfast is one of the most resilient cultural elements a person sticks to, guozao, 热干面, missing: characteristics like that it needs to be prepared quickly because the tradition of the dock workers<br />
<br />
6. 15:56-16:01 hot pot history originated in China (?), regional differences within China 87<br />
<br />
7. 16:02-16:06 4 new inventions - not explained that these inventions were invented in other countries. 86<br />
<br />
==Student grades: 平时成绩/签到==<br />
<br />
=Session 04 Fri Mar 14 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
1.Topic 260：Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty(Liu Chao)[[Media:Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty .pptx]]<br />
2.Topic 146: Traditional crafts: Xiang embroidery 1386(Zhang Huifang) [[Media:Hunan_embroidery_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
3.Topic 153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)<br />
4.Topic 233. Traditional Chinese Pigments (Cao Yuan)<br />
<br />
=Session 05 Fri Mar 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
131.Silk and porcelain: Silk (Fei Xinyu)<br />
<br />
=Session 06 Fri Mar 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
清明节4月4日——4月6日<br />
=Session 08 Fri Apr 11 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
183 Chinese Local Operas-Gan opera （Wang Xinyu）<br />
185 Huangmei opera （Chu Hanqi）<br />
<br />
=Session 09 Fri Apr 18 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
<br />
=Session 10 Fri Apr 25 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
242. Hunan Rice Noodles (湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)<br />
167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 (Lv Jiahao)<br />
240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)<br />
219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)<br />
<br />
=HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
劳动节5月1日——5月5日<br />
=Session 12 Fri May 09 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
<br />
=Session 13 Fri May 16 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联）Wang Yuxin<br />
<br />
=Session 14 Fri May 23 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
<br />
=Session 15 Fri May 30 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
端午节5月31日——6月2日<br />
=Session 16 Fri Jun 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Final Exam=<br />
Please write your paper here: [[Chin_Lang_Cult_Fin_Exam_Spring_2025]]</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture,_Spring_2025&diff=165677Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 20252025-03-11T08:46:09Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: /* Session 04 Fri Mar 14 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations */</p>
<hr />
<div>Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025]]!<br />
<br />
=Session 1 Fri Feb 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Organizational issues=<br />
<br />
==What we learn in this class==<br />
*We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective. <br />
*We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.<br />
*We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.<br />
*We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.<br />
*We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.<br />
*We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.<br />
*We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.<br />
*We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).<br />
<br />
==Students' contribution==<br />
*Every student needs to prepare the 1-2 textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class. <br />
*Every student selects a topic, prepares 2 ppt presentations of 15 min. (one without AI, one with AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a mentimeter.com quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.<br />
*For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with "Terms and Expressions", References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI<br />
<br />
==Textbook==<br />
You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are more than 200 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.<br />
<br />
==Agreement on use of classroom time==<br />
Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
==Homework for every session==<br />
Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.<br />
<br />
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==<br />
[[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
==Homework for Session 2==<br />
Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on http://bit.ly/WIKIREG, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way "Wang Jianguo", type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions as well as typing in the captcha password "wikicaptcha". More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here ("Teacher presentation"). <br />
<br />
Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on plus a MikeCRM quiz: The first three presenters will have to present next week!<br />
<br />
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17<br />
<br />
2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22<br />
<br />
3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31<br />
<br />
4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40<br />
<br />
5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49<br />
<br />
6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63<br />
<br />
7. Animals: Panda 71 <br />
<br />
8. Architecture 78<br />
<br />
9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89<br />
<br />
10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102<br />
<br />
11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113<br />
<br />
12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124<br />
<br />
13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131<br />
<br />
14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145 <br />
<br />
15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154<br />
<br />
16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163<br />
<br />
17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170<br />
<br />
18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178<br />
<br />
19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188<br />
<br />
20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197<br />
<br />
21. Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai)<br />
<br />
22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209<br />
<br />
23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218<br />
<br />
24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223<br />
<br />
25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230<br />
<br />
26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236<br />
<br />
27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246 (Tang Yan)<br />
<br />
28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252<br />
<br />
29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262<br />
<br />
30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276<br />
<br />
31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283<br />
<br />
32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291<br />
<br />
33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301 <br />
<br />
34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309 <br />
<br />
35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324<br />
<br />
36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332<br />
<br />
37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339 <br />
<br />
38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350<br />
<br />
39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361<br />
<br />
40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371<br />
<br />
41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386<br />
<br />
42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395<br />
<br />
43. Facial Make-up 406<br />
<br />
44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413<br />
<br />
45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431<br />
<br />
46. Fine Arts: Painting 440<br />
<br />
47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445<br />
<br />
48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452<br />
<br />
49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459<br />
<br />
50. Games: Go 围棋 462<br />
<br />
51. Games: Kite Flying 468<br />
<br />
52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）<br />
<br />
53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505<br />
<br />
54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511<br />
<br />
55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）<br />
<br />
56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526<br />
<br />
57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535<br />
<br />
58. History: Carl and Cixi 548<br />
<br />
59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552<br />
<br />
60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561<br />
<br />
61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573<br />
<br />
62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585<br />
<br />
63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593<br />
<br />
64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606（Qin Yi)<br />
<br />
65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621<br />
<br />
66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635<br />
<br />
67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642<br />
<br />
68. Language: Chinese Language 649<br />
<br />
69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660<br />
<br />
70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669<br />
<br />
71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681<br />
<br />
72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688<br />
<br />
73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699<br />
<br />
74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706<br />
<br />
75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715<br />
<br />
76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)<br />
<br />
77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748<br />
<br />
78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765<br />
<br />
79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773 <br />
<br />
80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780<br />
<br />
81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786<br />
<br />
82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794<br />
<br />
83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823<br />
<br />
84. Literature: Modern Literature 832<br />
<br />
85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841（Miao Yunlong）<br />
<br />
86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848<br />
<br />
87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859<br />
<br />
88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865<br />
<br />
89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868<br />
<br />
90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873<br />
<br />
91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885<br />
<br />
92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890<br />
<br />
93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900 <br />
<br />
94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907<br />
<br />
95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912<br />
<br />
96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917<br />
<br />
97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924<br />
<br />
98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934<br />
<br />
99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941<br />
<br />
100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952<br />
<br />
101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)<br />
<br />
102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975<br />
<br />
103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986<br />
<br />
104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996<br />
<br />
105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005<br />
<br />
106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018<br />
<br />
107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）<br />
<br />
108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035<br />
<br />
109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043<br />
<br />
110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050<br />
<br />
111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055<br />
<br />
112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064<br />
<br />
113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076<br />
<br />
114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087<br />
<br />
115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093<br />
<br />
116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099<br />
<br />
117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106<br />
<br />
118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119<br />
<br />
119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129<br />
<br />
120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141<br />
<br />
121. Religion: Buddhism 1155<br />
<br />
122. Religion: Daoism 1170<br />
<br />
123. Religion: Christianity 1175<br />
<br />
124. Religion: Islam 1181<br />
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125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185<br />
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126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191 (Yang Yue2)<br />
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127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217<br />
<br />
128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226<br />
<br />
129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235<br />
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130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257<br />
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131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272 (Fei Xinyu)<br />
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132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277<br />
<br />
133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283(Wang Huaixing)<br />
<br />
134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291<br />
<br />
135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296<br />
<br />
136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300<br />
<br />
137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308<br />
<br />
138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating)<br />
<br />
139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325<br />
<br />
140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332<br />
<br />
141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340<br />
<br />
142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348<br />
<br />
143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363 <br />
<br />
144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369<br />
<br />
145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373 <br />
<br />
146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386（Zhang Huifang）<br />
<br />
147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400<br />
<br />
148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409<br />
<br />
149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418<br />
<br />
150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423<br />
<br />
151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436<br />
<br />
152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450<br />
<br />
153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)<br />
<br />
154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473<br />
<br />
155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)<br />
<br />
<br />
156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491(Xiao Zixin)<br />
<br />
157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang)<br />
<br />
158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508<br />
<br />
159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514<br />
<br />
160. Traditional Festivals 1518……<br />
<br />
161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525<br />
<br />
162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538<br />
<br />
163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544<br />
<br />
164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550<br />
<br />
165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558<br />
<br />
166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569<br />
<br />
167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 Lv Jiahao<br />
<br />
168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582<br />
<br />
169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 <br />
<br />
170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601 <br />
<br />
171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611<br />
<br />
172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623<br />
<br />
173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631<br />
<br />
174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644 （Liu Pei）<br />
<br />
175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655<br />
<br />
176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664 <br />
<br />
177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676<br />
<br />
178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685<br />
<br />
179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694 <br />
<br />
180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701<br />
<br />
181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）<br />
<br />
182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719 (Fu Sihui)<br />
<br />
183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727<br />
<br />
184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740<br />
<br />
185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752<br />
<br />
186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759<br />
<br />
187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767<br />
<br />
188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783<br />
<br />
189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790.(Chen Sisi)<br />
<br />
190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798<br />
<br />
191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）<br />
<br />
192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818<br />
<br />
193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)<br />
<br />
194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845<br />
<br />
195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)<br />
<br />
196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)<br />
<br />
197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845 <br />
<br />
198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845<br />
<br />
199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845<br />
<br />
200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845 <br />
<br />
201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845 <br />
<br />
202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)<br />
<br />
203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)<br />
<br />
204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）<br />
<br />
205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845 <br />
<br />
206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845<br />
<br />
207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845(Lu Wei)<br />
<br />
208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845 <br />
<br />
209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）<br />
<br />
210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845<br />
<br />
211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845<br />
<br />
212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan)<br />
<br />
213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)<br />
<br />
214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845<br />
<br />
215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)<br />
<br />
216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845 (Ye Sitong)<br />
<br />
217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845 （Yang Jiahong2)<br />
<br />
218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845(Gao Xiaoqing)<br />
<br />
219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)<br />
<br />
220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845 （Dong Jiating）<br />
<br />
221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）<br />
<br />
222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845<br />
<br />
223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845 （Lu Jiahui）<br />
<br />
224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)<br />
<br />
225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Shen Shuai)<br />
<br />
226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845<br />
<br />
227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)<br />
<br />
228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845<br />
<br />
229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845 (Xiao Luyu)<br />
<br />
230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845 (Zhang Meiling)<br />
<br />
231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845<br />
<br />
232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845 （Li Yuan2）<br />
<br />
233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845 (Cao Yuan)<br />
<br />
234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845 （Jin Yichen）<br />
<br />
235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845 (Chen Anqi)<br />
<br />
236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845 (Xu Xinwen)<br />
<br />
237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845 （Li Zihan2）<br />
<br />
238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845（Liu Chang）<br />
<br />
239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845 (Song Xin)<br />
<br />
240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)<br />
<br />
241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845<br />
<br />
242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)<br />
<br />
243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845 <br />
<br />
244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)<br />
<br />
245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845(Li Linyao) <br />
<br />
246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845（Du Yuan）<br />
<br />
247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845 （Liu Qi）<br />
<br />
248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845 （Yu Jingfang）<br />
<br />
249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845<br />
<br />
250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845<br />
<br />
251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )<br />
<br />
252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845（Liu Shutian）<br />
<br />
253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845（Chen Ting）<br />
<br />
254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）<br />
<br />
255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845（Zhao Yashi）<br />
<br />
256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)<br />
<br />
257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845<br />
<br />
258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845（Yang Jing)<br />
<br />
259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845 (Zhou Tianyi)<br />
<br />
<br />
260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao) <br />
<br />
261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845<br />
<br />
262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) (Li Jiayi) 1845 <br />
<br />
263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845 (Zuo Fang)<br />
<br />
264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845<br />
<br />
265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）<br />
<br />
266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)<br />
<br />
267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)<br />
<br />
268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）<br />
<br />
269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845<br />
<br />
270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845 （Jiang Xinyue)<br />
<br />
271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845<br />
<br />
272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845 (Cheng Sixiang)<br />
<br />
273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)<br />
<br />
274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845 （Zeng Zhi）<br />
<br />
275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）<br />
<br />
276. Nail art（美甲） 1845 （Luo Jiaxin）<br />
277. Mirror (镜子) 1845 (Cheng Sixiang) <br />
<br />
278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845(Yan Xiang)<br />
<br />
279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）<br />
<br />
280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845 (Guo Cili)<br />
<br />
281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845（Dai Yexun）<br />
<br />
282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话 悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)<br />
<br />
283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845 （Zheng Jinlian）<br />
<br />
=Session 02 Fri Feb 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==<br />
[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
==Topics for today==<br />
Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)<br />
<br />
You need to copy all the topics for the whole semester to the sessions NOW. If you do not do it sufficiently in advance, how can the fellow students prepare the texts?<br />
<br />
Please remember that you have to indicate the 10 topics for Friday on the course website under "Session 2" with the topic name, student name, powerpoint uploaded (max size 10 MB), all presentations will be each on 1 topic only and cannot exceed 5 minutes. They have to be interactive and helpful from the perspective of an interpreter or translator who needs to prepare his/her work on this topic.<br />
<br />
27. Chinese Calligraphy (Tang Yan)<br />
<br />
52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）[[Media:Mahjong-Jiang_Ziqiang.pptx]]<br />
<br />
55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）[[Media:The Summer Palace - Li Mei.pptx]]<br />
<br />
76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao) [[Media:Duan_Binyao_-76Su_Shi_and_Delegation_Literature.pptx]]<br />
<br />
85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Miao Yunlong)[[Media:Qian_Zhongshu_Miao_Yunlong.pptx]]<br />
<br />
Tea Latte Art (Xiang Jianning)<br />
<br />
Topic 7<br />
<br />
Topic 8<br />
<br />
Topic 9<br />
<br />
Topic 10<br />
<br />
=Session 03 Fri Mar 07 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
==Presentations==<br />
1. Topic 21: Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai) [[Media:Tea_Spring_2025.pptx]] 86<br />
<br />
2. Topic 64: Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606 (Qin Yi) [[Media:Mount_Tai_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
3. Topic 101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang) [[Media:Lucky_Money_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
4. Topic 107:National Symbols: Culture of the National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）[[Media:Culture_of_the_National_Flag_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
5. Topic 155:Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480 (Liu Peini) [[Media:Wuhan_Breakfast_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
6. Topic 157:Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang) <br />
<br />
7. Topic 126: China's four new inventions 1191(Yang Yue2).) [[Media:Four_new_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
==Notes on presentations==<br />
Most students did not do their homework. 素质 in Chinese and international culture. Taking over responsibility. Being independent. Making sure that things run. Taking care of others. Not to do the homework in time (displaying the 13 presentations of each session) has disadvantages also for the other students, who cannot prepare.<br />
<br />
1. 14:43-49 Only Chinese tradition explained, not Indian, Egyptian etc. "Black tea" (in English all "hong cha" is called "black tea"), British tea culture (add milk)<br />
<br />
2. 14:55-15:00 Personal origin: Shandong, personal experience: climbed Mount Tai 4 times, Sacrificial Culture, Culture of Literati, Folk Belief: God of Mount Tai, Blue Rosy Cloud Fairy; Spiritual Symbolism<br />
<br />
3. 15:04-15:10 Legend, Tradition and Contrast, Significance; Sui Monster ya sui qian; contrast in the West: Giving money as a present is considered not as good as a present itself, giving money in an envelope has the bad taste of bribing (transparency.org); in China you can even go to the temple and pray for money<br />
<br />
4. 15:29-15:34 historical details of design, red meaning “stop” internationally, “achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation” (maybe a newer concept than the flag?), connection with earlier historical flags and other flags like of the communist movement, North Korea, ancient Soviet Union <br />
<br />
5. 15:41-15:46 dialect terms (don’t use pinyin), analogy, breakfast is one of the most resilient cultural elements a person sticks to, guozao, 热干面, missing: characteristics like that it needs to be prepared quickly because the tradition of the dock workers<br />
<br />
6. 15:56-16:01 hot pot history originated in China (?), regional differences within China 87<br />
<br />
7. 16:02-16:06 4 new inventions - not explained that these inventions were invented in other countries. 86<br />
<br />
==Student grades: 平时成绩/签到==<br />
<br />
=Session 04 Fri Mar 14 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
1.Topic 260：Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty(Liu Chao)[[Media:Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty .pptx]]<br />
2.Topic 146: Traditional crafts: Xiang embroidery 1386(Zhang Huifang) [[Media:Hunan_embroidery_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
3.Topic 153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)<br />
<br />
=Session 05 Fri Mar 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
131.Silk and porcelain: Silk (Fei Xinyu)<br />
<br />
=Session 06 Fri Mar 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
清明节4月4日——4月6日<br />
=Session 08 Fri Apr 11 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 09 Fri Apr 18 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
<br />
=Session 10 Fri Apr 25 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
242. Hunan Rice Noodles (湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)<br />
167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 (Lv Jiahao)<br />
240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)<br />
219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)<br />
<br />
=HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
劳动节5月1日——5月5日<br />
=Session 12 Fri May 09 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
<br />
=Session 13 Fri May 16 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联）Wang Yuxin<br />
<br />
=Session 14 Fri May 23 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
<br />
=Session 15 Fri May 30 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
端午节5月31日——6月2日<br />
=Session 16 Fri Jun 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Final Exam=<br />
Please write your paper here: [[Chin_Lang_Cult_Fin_Exam_Spring_2025]]</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture,_Spring_2025&diff=165676Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 20252025-03-11T08:42:26Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
<hr />
<div>Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025]]!<br />
<br />
=Session 1 Fri Feb 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Organizational issues=<br />
<br />
==What we learn in this class==<br />
*We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective. <br />
*We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.<br />
*We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.<br />
*We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.<br />
*We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.<br />
*We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.<br />
*We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.<br />
*We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).<br />
<br />
==Students' contribution==<br />
*Every student needs to prepare the 1-2 textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class. <br />
*Every student selects a topic, prepares 2 ppt presentations of 15 min. (one without AI, one with AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a mentimeter.com quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.<br />
*For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with "Terms and Expressions", References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI<br />
<br />
==Textbook==<br />
You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are more than 200 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.<br />
<br />
==Agreement on use of classroom time==<br />
Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
==Homework for every session==<br />
Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.<br />
<br />
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==<br />
[[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
==Homework for Session 2==<br />
Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on http://bit.ly/WIKIREG, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way "Wang Jianguo", type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions as well as typing in the captcha password "wikicaptcha". More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here ("Teacher presentation"). <br />
<br />
Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on plus a MikeCRM quiz: The first three presenters will have to present next week!<br />
<br />
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17<br />
<br />
2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22<br />
<br />
3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31<br />
<br />
4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40<br />
<br />
5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49<br />
<br />
6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63<br />
<br />
7. Animals: Panda 71 <br />
<br />
8. Architecture 78<br />
<br />
9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89<br />
<br />
10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102<br />
<br />
11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113<br />
<br />
12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124<br />
<br />
13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131<br />
<br />
14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145 <br />
<br />
15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154<br />
<br />
16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163<br />
<br />
17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170<br />
<br />
18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178<br />
<br />
19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188<br />
<br />
20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197<br />
<br />
21. Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai)<br />
<br />
22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209<br />
<br />
23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218<br />
<br />
24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223<br />
<br />
25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230<br />
<br />
26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236<br />
<br />
27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246 (Tang Yan)<br />
<br />
28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252<br />
<br />
29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262<br />
<br />
30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276<br />
<br />
31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283<br />
<br />
32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291<br />
<br />
33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301 <br />
<br />
34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309 <br />
<br />
35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324<br />
<br />
36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332<br />
<br />
37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339 <br />
<br />
38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350<br />
<br />
39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361<br />
<br />
40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371<br />
<br />
41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386<br />
<br />
42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395<br />
<br />
43. Facial Make-up 406<br />
<br />
44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413<br />
<br />
45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431<br />
<br />
46. Fine Arts: Painting 440<br />
<br />
47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445<br />
<br />
48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452<br />
<br />
49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459<br />
<br />
50. Games: Go 围棋 462<br />
<br />
51. Games: Kite Flying 468<br />
<br />
52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）<br />
<br />
53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505<br />
<br />
54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511<br />
<br />
55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）<br />
<br />
56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526<br />
<br />
57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535<br />
<br />
58. History: Carl and Cixi 548<br />
<br />
59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552<br />
<br />
60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561<br />
<br />
61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573<br />
<br />
62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585<br />
<br />
63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593<br />
<br />
64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606（Qin Yi)<br />
<br />
65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621<br />
<br />
66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635<br />
<br />
67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642<br />
<br />
68. Language: Chinese Language 649<br />
<br />
69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660<br />
<br />
70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669<br />
<br />
71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681<br />
<br />
72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688<br />
<br />
73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699<br />
<br />
74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706<br />
<br />
75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715<br />
<br />
76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)<br />
<br />
77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748<br />
<br />
78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765<br />
<br />
79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773 <br />
<br />
80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780<br />
<br />
81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786<br />
<br />
82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794<br />
<br />
83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823<br />
<br />
84. Literature: Modern Literature 832<br />
<br />
85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841（Miao Yunlong）<br />
<br />
86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848<br />
<br />
87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859<br />
<br />
88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865<br />
<br />
89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868<br />
<br />
90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873<br />
<br />
91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885<br />
<br />
92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890<br />
<br />
93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900 <br />
<br />
94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907<br />
<br />
95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912<br />
<br />
96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917<br />
<br />
97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924<br />
<br />
98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934<br />
<br />
99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941<br />
<br />
100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952<br />
<br />
101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)<br />
<br />
102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975<br />
<br />
103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986<br />
<br />
104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996<br />
<br />
105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005<br />
<br />
106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018<br />
<br />
107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）<br />
<br />
108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035<br />
<br />
109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043<br />
<br />
110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050<br />
<br />
111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055<br />
<br />
112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064<br />
<br />
113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076<br />
<br />
114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087<br />
<br />
115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093<br />
<br />
116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099<br />
<br />
117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106<br />
<br />
118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119<br />
<br />
119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129<br />
<br />
120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141<br />
<br />
121. Religion: Buddhism 1155<br />
<br />
122. Religion: Daoism 1170<br />
<br />
123. Religion: Christianity 1175<br />
<br />
124. Religion: Islam 1181<br />
<br />
125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185<br />
<br />
126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191 (Yang Yue2)<br />
<br />
127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217<br />
<br />
128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226<br />
<br />
129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235<br />
<br />
130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257<br />
<br />
131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272 (Fei Xinyu)<br />
<br />
132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277<br />
<br />
133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283(Wang Huaixing)<br />
<br />
134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291<br />
<br />
135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296<br />
<br />
136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300<br />
<br />
137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308<br />
<br />
138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317 (Wu Jiating)<br />
<br />
139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325<br />
<br />
140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332<br />
<br />
141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340<br />
<br />
142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348<br />
<br />
143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363 <br />
<br />
144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369<br />
<br />
145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373 <br />
<br />
146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386（Zhang Huifang）<br />
<br />
147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400<br />
<br />
148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409<br />
<br />
149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418<br />
<br />
150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423<br />
<br />
151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436<br />
<br />
152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450<br />
<br />
153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456 (Zheng Kaiwu)<br />
<br />
154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473<br />
<br />
155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)<br />
<br />
<br />
156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491(Xiao Zixin)<br />
<br />
157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang)<br />
<br />
158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508<br />
<br />
159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514<br />
<br />
160. Traditional Festivals 1518……<br />
<br />
161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525<br />
<br />
162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538<br />
<br />
163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544<br />
<br />
164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550<br />
<br />
165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558<br />
<br />
166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569<br />
<br />
167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 Lv Jiahao<br />
<br />
168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582<br />
<br />
169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 <br />
<br />
170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601 <br />
<br />
171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611<br />
<br />
172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623<br />
<br />
173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631<br />
<br />
174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644 （Liu Pei）<br />
<br />
175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655<br />
<br />
176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664 <br />
<br />
177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676<br />
<br />
178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685<br />
<br />
179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694 <br />
<br />
180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701<br />
<br />
181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）<br />
<br />
182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719 (Fu Sihui)<br />
<br />
183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727<br />
<br />
184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740<br />
<br />
185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752<br />
<br />
186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759<br />
<br />
187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767<br />
<br />
188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783<br />
<br />
189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790.(Chen Sisi)<br />
<br />
190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798<br />
<br />
191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）<br />
<br />
192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818<br />
<br />
193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)<br />
<br />
194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845<br />
<br />
195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)<br />
<br />
196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)<br />
<br />
197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845 <br />
<br />
198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845<br />
<br />
199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845<br />
<br />
200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845 <br />
<br />
201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845 <br />
<br />
202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)<br />
<br />
203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)<br />
<br />
204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）<br />
<br />
205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845 <br />
<br />
206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845<br />
<br />
207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845(Lu Wei)<br />
<br />
208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845 <br />
<br />
209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）<br />
<br />
210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845<br />
<br />
211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845<br />
<br />
212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan)<br />
<br />
213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)<br />
<br />
214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845<br />
<br />
215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)<br />
<br />
216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845 (Ye Sitong)<br />
<br />
217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845 （Yang Jiahong2)<br />
<br />
218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845(Gao Xiaoqing)<br />
<br />
219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)<br />
<br />
220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845 （Dong Jiating）<br />
<br />
221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）<br />
<br />
222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845<br />
<br />
223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845 （Lu Jiahui）<br />
<br />
224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)<br />
<br />
225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Shen Shuai)<br />
<br />
226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845<br />
<br />
227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)<br />
<br />
228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845<br />
<br />
229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845 (Xiao Luyu)<br />
<br />
230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845 (Zhang Meiling)<br />
<br />
231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845<br />
<br />
232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845 （Li Yuan2）<br />
<br />
233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845 (Cao Yuan)<br />
<br />
234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845 （Jin Yichen）<br />
<br />
235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845 (Chen Anqi)<br />
<br />
236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845 (Xu Xinwen)<br />
<br />
237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845 （Li Zihan2）<br />
<br />
238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845（Liu Chang）<br />
<br />
239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845 (Song Xin)<br />
<br />
240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)<br />
<br />
241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845<br />
<br />
242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)<br />
<br />
243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845 <br />
<br />
244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)<br />
<br />
245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845(Li Linyao) <br />
<br />
246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845（Du Yuan）<br />
<br />
247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845 （Liu Qi）<br />
<br />
248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845 （Yu Jingfang）<br />
<br />
249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845<br />
<br />
250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845<br />
<br />
251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )<br />
<br />
252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845（Liu Shutian）<br />
<br />
253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845（Chen Ting）<br />
<br />
254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）<br />
<br />
255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845（Zhao Yashi）<br />
<br />
256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)<br />
<br />
257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845<br />
<br />
258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845（Yang Jing)<br />
<br />
259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845 (Zhou Tianyi)<br />
<br />
<br />
260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao) <br />
<br />
261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845<br />
<br />
262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) (Li Jiayi) 1845 <br />
<br />
263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845 (Zuo Fang)<br />
<br />
264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845<br />
<br />
265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）<br />
<br />
266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)<br />
<br />
267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)<br />
<br />
268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）<br />
<br />
269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845<br />
<br />
270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845 （Jiang Xinyue)<br />
<br />
271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845<br />
<br />
272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845 (Cheng Sixiang)<br />
<br />
273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)<br />
<br />
274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845 （Zeng Zhi）<br />
<br />
275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）<br />
<br />
276. Nail art（美甲） 1845 （Luo Jiaxin）<br />
277. Mirror (镜子) 1845 (Cheng Sixiang) <br />
<br />
278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845(Yan Xiang)<br />
<br />
279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）<br />
<br />
280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845 (Guo Cili)<br />
<br />
281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845（Dai Yexun）<br />
<br />
282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话 悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)<br />
<br />
283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845 （Zheng Jinlian）<br />
<br />
=Session 02 Fri Feb 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==<br />
[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
==Topics for today==<br />
Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)<br />
<br />
You need to copy all the topics for the whole semester to the sessions NOW. If you do not do it sufficiently in advance, how can the fellow students prepare the texts?<br />
<br />
Please remember that you have to indicate the 10 topics for Friday on the course website under "Session 2" with the topic name, student name, powerpoint uploaded (max size 10 MB), all presentations will be each on 1 topic only and cannot exceed 5 minutes. They have to be interactive and helpful from the perspective of an interpreter or translator who needs to prepare his/her work on this topic.<br />
<br />
27. Chinese Calligraphy (Tang Yan)<br />
<br />
52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）[[Media:Mahjong-Jiang_Ziqiang.pptx]]<br />
<br />
55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）[[Media:The Summer Palace - Li Mei.pptx]]<br />
<br />
76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao) [[Media:Duan_Binyao_-76Su_Shi_and_Delegation_Literature.pptx]]<br />
<br />
85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Miao Yunlong)[[Media:Qian_Zhongshu_Miao_Yunlong.pptx]]<br />
<br />
Tea Latte Art (Xiang Jianning)<br />
<br />
Topic 7<br />
<br />
Topic 8<br />
<br />
Topic 9<br />
<br />
Topic 10<br />
<br />
=Session 03 Fri Mar 07 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
==Presentations==<br />
1. Topic 21: Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai) [[Media:Tea_Spring_2025.pptx]] 86<br />
<br />
2. Topic 64: Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606 (Qin Yi) [[Media:Mount_Tai_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
3. Topic 101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang) [[Media:Lucky_Money_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
4. Topic 107:National Symbols: Culture of the National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）[[Media:Culture_of_the_National_Flag_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
5. Topic 155:Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480 (Liu Peini) [[Media:Wuhan_Breakfast_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
6. Topic 157:Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang) <br />
<br />
7. Topic 126: China's four new inventions 1191(Yang Yue2).) [[Media:Four_new_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
==Notes on presentations==<br />
Most students did not do their homework. 素质 in Chinese and international culture. Taking over responsibility. Being independent. Making sure that things run. Taking care of others. Not to do the homework in time (displaying the 13 presentations of each session) has disadvantages also for the other students, who cannot prepare.<br />
<br />
1. 14:43-49 Only Chinese tradition explained, not Indian, Egyptian etc. "Black tea" (in English all "hong cha" is called "black tea"), British tea culture (add milk)<br />
<br />
2. 14:55-15:00 Personal origin: Shandong, personal experience: climbed Mount Tai 4 times, Sacrificial Culture, Culture of Literati, Folk Belief: God of Mount Tai, Blue Rosy Cloud Fairy; Spiritual Symbolism<br />
<br />
3. 15:04-15:10 Legend, Tradition and Contrast, Significance; Sui Monster ya sui qian; contrast in the West: Giving money as a present is considered not as good as a present itself, giving money in an envelope has the bad taste of bribing (transparency.org); in China you can even go to the temple and pray for money<br />
<br />
4. 15:29-15:34 historical details of design, red meaning “stop” internationally, “achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation” (maybe a newer concept than the flag?), connection with earlier historical flags and other flags like of the communist movement, North Korea, ancient Soviet Union <br />
<br />
5. 15:41-15:46 dialect terms (don’t use pinyin), analogy, breakfast is one of the most resilient cultural elements a person sticks to, guozao, 热干面, missing: characteristics like that it needs to be prepared quickly because the tradition of the dock workers<br />
<br />
6. 15:56-16:01 hot pot history originated in China (?), regional differences within China 87<br />
<br />
7. 16:02-16:06 4 new inventions - not explained that these inventions were invented in other countries. 86<br />
<br />
==Student grades: 平时成绩/签到==<br />
<br />
=Session 04 Fri Mar 14 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
1.Topic 260：Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty(Liu Chao)[[Media:Wedding Dress in the Song Dynasty .pptx]]<br />
2.Topic 146: Traditional crafts: Xiang embroidery 1386(Zhang Huifang) [[Media:Hunan_embroidery_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
=Session 05 Fri Mar 21 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
131.Silk and porcelain: Silk (Fei Xinyu)<br />
<br />
=Session 06 Fri Mar 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
清明节4月4日——4月6日<br />
=Session 08 Fri Apr 11 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 09 Fri Apr 18 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
<br />
=Session 10 Fri Apr 25 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
242. Hunan Rice Noodles (湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)<br />
167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 (Lv Jiahao)<br />
240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)<br />
219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)<br />
<br />
=HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
劳动节5月1日——5月5日<br />
=Session 12 Fri May 09 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
<br />
=Session 13 Fri May 16 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联）Wang Yuxin<br />
<br />
=Session 14 Fri May 23 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
<br />
=Session 15 Fri May 30 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
端午节5月31日——6月2日<br />
=Session 16 Fri Jun 28 14:30-16:10 room 613 - Final Exam=<br />
Please write your paper here: [[Chin_Lang_Cult_Fin_Exam_Spring_2025]]</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture,_Spring_2025&diff=165591Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 20252025-03-06T17:07:05Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
<hr />
<div>--[[User:Miao Yunlong|Miao Yunlong]] ([[User talk:Miao Yunlong|talk]]) 13:12, 24 February 2025 (UTC)[[Media:Example.ogg]]Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025]]!<br />
<br />
=Session 1 Fri Feb 21 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Organizational issues=<br />
<br />
==What we learn in this class==<br />
*We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective. <br />
*We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.<br />
*We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.<br />
*We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.<br />
*We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.<br />
*We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.<br />
*We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.<br />
*We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).<br />
<br />
==Students' contribution==<br />
*Every student needs to prepare the 1-2 textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class. <br />
*Every student selects a topic, prepares 2 ppt presentations of 15 min. (one without AI, one with AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a mentimeter.com quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.<br />
*For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with "Terms and Expressions", References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI<br />
<br />
==Textbook==<br />
You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are more than 200 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.<br />
<br />
==Agreement on use of classroom time==<br />
Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
==Homework for every session==<br />
Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.<br />
<br />
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==<br />
[[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
==Homework for Session 2==<br />
Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on http://bit.ly/WIKIREG, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way "Wang Jianguo", type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions as well as typing in the captcha password "wikicaptcha". More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here ("Teacher presentation"). <br />
<br />
Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on plus a MikeCRM quiz: The first three presenters will have to present next week!<br />
<br />
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17<br />
<br />
2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22<br />
<br />
3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31<br />
<br />
4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40<br />
<br />
5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49<br />
<br />
6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63<br />
<br />
7. Animals: Panda 71 <br />
<br />
8. Architecture 78<br />
<br />
9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89<br />
<br />
10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102<br />
<br />
11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113<br />
<br />
12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124<br />
<br />
13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131<br />
<br />
14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145 <br />
<br />
15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154<br />
<br />
16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163<br />
<br />
17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170<br />
<br />
18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178<br />
<br />
19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188<br />
<br />
20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197<br />
<br />
21. Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai)<br />
<br />
22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209<br />
<br />
23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218<br />
<br />
24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223<br />
<br />
25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230<br />
<br />
26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236<br />
<br />
27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246 (Tang Yan)<br />
<br />
28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252<br />
<br />
29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262<br />
<br />
30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276<br />
<br />
31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283<br />
<br />
32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291<br />
<br />
33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301 <br />
<br />
34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309 <br />
<br />
35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324<br />
<br />
36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332<br />
<br />
37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339 <br />
<br />
38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350<br />
<br />
39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361<br />
<br />
40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371<br />
<br />
41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386<br />
<br />
42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395<br />
<br />
43. Facial Make-up 406<br />
<br />
44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413<br />
<br />
45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431<br />
<br />
46. Fine Arts: Painting 440<br />
<br />
47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445<br />
<br />
48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452<br />
<br />
49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459<br />
<br />
50. Games: Go 围棋 462<br />
<br />
51. Games: Kite Flying 468<br />
<br />
52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）<br />
<br />
53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505<br />
<br />
54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511<br />
<br />
55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）<br />
<br />
56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526<br />
<br />
57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535<br />
<br />
58. History: Carl and Cixi 548<br />
<br />
59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552<br />
<br />
60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561<br />
<br />
61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573<br />
<br />
62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585<br />
<br />
63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593<br />
<br />
64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606（Qin Yi)<br />
<br />
65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621<br />
<br />
66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635<br />
<br />
67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642<br />
<br />
68. Language: Chinese Language 649<br />
<br />
69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660<br />
<br />
70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669<br />
<br />
71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681<br />
<br />
72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688<br />
<br />
73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699<br />
<br />
74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706<br />
<br />
75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715<br />
<br />
76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)<br />
<br />
77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748<br />
<br />
78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765<br />
<br />
79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773 <br />
<br />
80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780<br />
<br />
81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786<br />
<br />
82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794<br />
<br />
83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823<br />
<br />
84. Literature: Modern Literature 832<br />
<br />
85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841（Miao Yunlong）<br />
<br />
86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848<br />
<br />
87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859<br />
<br />
88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865<br />
<br />
89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868<br />
<br />
90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873<br />
<br />
91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885<br />
<br />
92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890<br />
<br />
93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900 <br />
<br />
94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907<br />
<br />
95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912<br />
<br />
96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917<br />
<br />
97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924<br />
<br />
98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934<br />
<br />
99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941<br />
<br />
100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952<br />
<br />
101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)<br />
<br />
102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975<br />
<br />
103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986<br />
<br />
104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996<br />
<br />
105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005<br />
<br />
106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018<br />
<br />
107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）<br />
<br />
108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035<br />
<br />
109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043<br />
<br />
110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050<br />
<br />
111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055<br />
<br />
112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064<br />
<br />
113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076<br />
<br />
114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087<br />
<br />
115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093<br />
<br />
116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099<br />
<br />
117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106<br />
<br />
118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119<br />
<br />
119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129<br />
<br />
120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141<br />
<br />
121. Religion: Buddhism 1155<br />
<br />
122. Religion: Daoism 1170<br />
<br />
123. Religion: Christianity 1175<br />
<br />
124. Religion: Islam 1181<br />
<br />
125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185<br />
<br />
126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191 (Yang Yue2)<br />
<br />
127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217<br />
<br />
128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226<br />
<br />
129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235<br />
<br />
130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257<br />
<br />
131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272 <br />
<br />
132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277<br />
<br />
133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283(Wang Huaixing)<br />
<br />
134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291<br />
<br />
135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296<br />
<br />
136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300<br />
<br />
137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308<br />
<br />
138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317<br />
<br />
139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325<br />
<br />
140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332<br />
<br />
141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340<br />
<br />
142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348<br />
<br />
143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363 kkk<br />
<br />
144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369<br />
<br />
145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373 <br />
<br />
146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386（Zhang Huifang）<br />
<br />
147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400<br />
<br />
148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409<br />
<br />
149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418<br />
<br />
150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423<br />
<br />
151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436<br />
<br />
152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450<br />
<br />
153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456<br />
<br />
154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473<br />
<br />
155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)<br />
<br />
<br />
156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491(Xiao Zixin)<br />
<br />
157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang)<br />
<br />
158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508<br />
<br />
159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514<br />
<br />
160. Traditional Festivals 1518……<br />
<br />
161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525<br />
<br />
162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538<br />
<br />
163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544<br />
<br />
164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550<br />
<br />
165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558<br />
<br />
166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569<br />
<br />
167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 Lv Jiahao<br />
<br />
168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582<br />
<br />
169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 <br />
<br />
170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601 <br />
<br />
171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611<br />
<br />
172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623<br />
<br />
173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631<br />
<br />
174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644 （Liu Pei）<br />
<br />
175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655<br />
<br />
176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664 <br />
<br />
177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676<br />
<br />
178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685 （Lu Wei）<br />
<br />
179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694 <br />
<br />
180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701<br />
<br />
181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）<br />
<br />
182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719 (Fu Sihui)<br />
<br />
183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727<br />
<br />
184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740<br />
<br />
185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752<br />
<br />
186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759<br />
<br />
187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767<br />
<br />
188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783<br />
<br />
189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790.(Chen Sisi)<br />
<br />
190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798<br />
<br />
191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）<br />
<br />
192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818<br />
<br />
193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)<br />
<br />
194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845<br />
<br />
195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)<br />
<br />
196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)<br />
<br />
197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845 <br />
<br />
198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845<br />
<br />
199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845<br />
<br />
200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845 <br />
<br />
201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845 <br />
<br />
202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)<br />
<br />
203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)<br />
<br />
204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）<br />
<br />
205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845 <br />
<br />
206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845<br />
<br />
207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845<br />
<br />
208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845 <br />
<br />
209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）<br />
<br />
210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845<br />
<br />
211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845<br />
<br />
212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan)<br />
<br />
213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)<br />
<br />
214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845<br />
<br />
215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)<br />
<br />
216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845 (Ye Sitong)<br />
<br />
217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845 （Yang Jiahong2)<br />
<br />
218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845(Gao Xiaoqing)<br />
<br />
219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)<br />
<br />
220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845 （Dong Jiating）<br />
<br />
221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）<br />
<br />
222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845<br />
<br />
223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845 （Lu Jiahui）<br />
<br />
224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)<br />
<br />
225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Shen Shuai)<br />
<br />
226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845<br />
<br />
227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)<br />
<br />
228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845<br />
<br />
229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845 (Xiao Luyu)<br />
<br />
230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845 (Zhang Meiling)<br />
<br />
231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845<br />
<br />
232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845 （Li Yuan2）<br />
<br />
233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845 (Cao Yuan)<br />
<br />
234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845 （Jin Yichen）<br />
<br />
235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845 (Chen Anqi)<br />
<br />
236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845 (Xu Xinwen)<br />
<br />
237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845 （Li Zihan2）<br />
<br />
238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845（Liu Chang）<br />
<br />
239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845 (Song Xin)<br />
<br />
240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)<br />
<br />
241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845<br />
<br />
242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)<br />
<br />
243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845 <br />
<br />
244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)<br />
<br />
245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845(Li Linyao) <br />
<br />
246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845（Du Yuan）<br />
<br />
247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845 （Liu Qi）<br />
<br />
248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845 （Yu Jingfang）<br />
<br />
249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845<br />
<br />
250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845<br />
<br />
251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )<br />
<br />
252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845（Liu Shutian）<br />
<br />
253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845（Chen Ting）<br />
<br />
254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）<br />
<br />
255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845（Zhao Yashi）<br />
<br />
256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)<br />
<br />
257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845<br />
<br />
258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845（Yang Jing)<br />
<br />
259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845 (Zhou Tianyi)<br />
<br />
<br />
260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao) <br />
<br />
261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845<br />
<br />
262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) (Li Jiayi) 1845 <br />
<br />
263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845 (Zuo Fang)<br />
<br />
264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845<br />
<br />
265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）<br />
<br />
266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)<br />
<br />
267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)<br />
<br />
268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）<br />
<br />
269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845<br />
<br />
270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845 （Jiang Xinyue)<br />
<br />
271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845<br />
<br />
272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845 (Cheng Sixiang)<br />
<br />
273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)<br />
<br />
274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845 （Zeng Zhi）<br />
<br />
275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）<br />
<br />
276. Nail art（美甲） 1845 （Luo Jiaxin）<br />
277. Mirror (镜子) 1845 (Cheng Sixiang) <br />
<br />
278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845(Yan Xiang)<br />
<br />
279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）<br />
<br />
280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845 (Guo Cili)<br />
<br />
281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845（Dai Yexun）<br />
<br />
282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话 悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)<br />
<br />
283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845 （Zheng Jinlian）<br />
<br />
=Session 02 Fri Feb 28 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==<br />
[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
<br />
https://zoom.us/j/5739416744?pwd=c3h5L0NnY0xCWjlEMWhuNTBMbE92UT09#success<br />
<br />
==Topics for today==<br />
Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)<br />
<br />
You need to copy all the topics for the whole semester to the sessions NOW. If you do not do it sufficiently in advance, how can the fellow students prepare the texts?<br />
<br />
Please remember that you have to indicate the 10 topics for Friday on the course website under "Session 2" with the topic name, student name, powerpoint uploaded (max size 10 MB), all presentations will be each on 1 topic only and cannot exceed 5 minutes. They have to be interactive and helpful from the perspective of an interpreter or translator who needs to prepare his/her work on this topic.<br />
<br />
27. Chinese Calligraphy (Tang Yan)<br />
<br />
52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）[[Media:Mahjong-Jiang_Ziqiang.pptx]]<br />
<br />
55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）[[Media:The Summer Palace - Li Mei.pptx]]<br />
<br />
76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao) [[Media:Duan_Binyao_-76Su_Shi_and_Delegation_Literature.pptx]]<br />
<br />
85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Miao Yunlong)[[Media:Qian_Zhongshu_Miao_Yunlong.pptx]]<br />
Tea Latte Art (Xiang Jianning)<br />
<br />
Topic 7<br />
<br />
Topic 8<br />
<br />
Topic 9<br />
<br />
Topic 10<br />
<br />
=Session 03 Fri Mar 07 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
Topic 64:Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606 (Qin Yi)<br />
Topic101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)<br />
Topic107:National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）<br />
Topic155:Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)<br />
Topic157:Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501(Cao Chunyang)<br />
<br />
=Session 04 Fri Mar 14 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 05 Fri Mar 21 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 06 Fri Mar 28 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
清明节4月4日——4月6日<br />
=Session 08 Fri Apr 11 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 09 Fri Apr 18 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 10 Fri Apr 25 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
242. Hunan Rice Noodles (湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)<br />
167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 (Lv Jiahao)<br />
<br />
=HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
劳动节5月1日——5月5日<br />
=Session 12 Fri May 09 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
<br />
=Session 13 Fri May 16 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联）Wang Yuxin<br />
<br />
=Session 14 Fri May 23 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 15 Fri May 30 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
端午节5月31日——6月2日<br />
=Session 16 Fri Jun 28 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Final Exam=<br />
Please write your paper here: [[Chin_Lang_Cult_Fin_Exam_Spring_2025]]</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture,_Spring_2025&diff=165590Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 20252025-03-06T17:02:08Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
<hr />
<div>--[[User:Miao Yunlong|Miao Yunlong]] ([[User talk:Miao Yunlong|talk]]) 13:12, 24 February 2025 (UTC)[[Media:Example.ogg]]Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025]]!<br />
<br />
=Session 1 Fri Feb 21 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Organizational issues=<br />
<br />
==What we learn in this class==<br />
*We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective. <br />
*We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.<br />
*We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.<br />
*We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.<br />
*We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.<br />
*We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.<br />
*We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.<br />
*We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).<br />
<br />
==Students' contribution==<br />
*Every student needs to prepare the 1-2 textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class. <br />
*Every student selects a topic, prepares 2 ppt presentations of 15 min. (one without AI, one with AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a mentimeter.com quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.<br />
*For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with "Terms and Expressions", References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI<br />
<br />
==Textbook==<br />
You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are more than 200 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.<br />
<br />
==Agreement on use of classroom time==<br />
Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)<br />
<br />
<br />
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==Homework for every session==<br />
Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.<br />
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==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==<br />
[[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
==Homework for Session 2==<br />
Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on http://bit.ly/WIKIREG, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way "Wang Jianguo", type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions as well as typing in the captcha password "wikicaptcha". More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here ("Teacher presentation"). <br />
<br />
Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on plus a MikeCRM quiz: The first three presenters will have to present next week!<br />
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1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17<br />
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2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22<br />
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3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31<br />
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4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40<br />
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5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49<br />
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6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63<br />
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7. Animals: Panda 71 <br />
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8. Architecture 78<br />
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9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89<br />
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10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102<br />
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11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113<br />
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12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124<br />
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13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131<br />
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14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145 <br />
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15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154<br />
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16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163<br />
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17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170<br />
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18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178<br />
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19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188<br />
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20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197<br />
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21. Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai)<br />
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22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209<br />
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23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218<br />
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24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223<br />
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25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230<br />
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26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236<br />
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27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246 (Tang Yan)<br />
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28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252<br />
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29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262<br />
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30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276<br />
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31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283<br />
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32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291<br />
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33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301 <br />
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34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309 <br />
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35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324<br />
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36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332<br />
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37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339 <br />
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38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350<br />
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39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361<br />
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40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371<br />
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41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386<br />
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42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395<br />
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43. Facial Make-up 406<br />
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44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413<br />
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45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431<br />
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46. Fine Arts: Painting 440<br />
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47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445<br />
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48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452<br />
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49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459<br />
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50. Games: Go 围棋 462<br />
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51. Games: Kite Flying 468<br />
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52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）<br />
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53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505<br />
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54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511<br />
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55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）<br />
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56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526<br />
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57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535<br />
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58. History: Carl and Cixi 548<br />
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59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552<br />
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60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561<br />
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61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573<br />
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62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585<br />
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63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593<br />
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64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606（Qin Yi)<br />
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65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621<br />
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66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635<br />
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67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642<br />
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68. Language: Chinese Language 649<br />
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69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660<br />
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70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669<br />
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71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681<br />
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72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688<br />
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73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699<br />
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74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706<br />
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75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715<br />
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76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)<br />
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77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748<br />
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78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765<br />
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79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773 <br />
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80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780<br />
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81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786<br />
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82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794<br />
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83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823<br />
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84. Literature: Modern Literature 832<br />
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85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841（Miao Yunlong）<br />
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86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848<br />
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87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859<br />
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88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865<br />
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89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868<br />
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90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873<br />
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91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885<br />
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92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890<br />
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93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900 <br />
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94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907<br />
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95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912<br />
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96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917<br />
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97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924<br />
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98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934<br />
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99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941<br />
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100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952<br />
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101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)<br />
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102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975<br />
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103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986<br />
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104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996<br />
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105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005<br />
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106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018<br />
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107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）<br />
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108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035<br />
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109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043<br />
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110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050<br />
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111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055<br />
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112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064<br />
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113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076<br />
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114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087<br />
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115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093<br />
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116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099<br />
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117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106<br />
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118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119<br />
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119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129<br />
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120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141<br />
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121. Religion: Buddhism 1155<br />
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122. Religion: Daoism 1170<br />
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123. Religion: Christianity 1175<br />
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124. Religion: Islam 1181<br />
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125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185<br />
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126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191 (Yang Yue2)<br />
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127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217<br />
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128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226<br />
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129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235<br />
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130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257<br />
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131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272 <br />
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132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277<br />
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133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283(Wang Huaixing)<br />
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134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291<br />
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135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296<br />
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136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300<br />
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137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308<br />
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138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317<br />
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139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325<br />
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140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332<br />
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141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340<br />
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142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348<br />
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143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363<br />
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144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369<br />
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145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373 <br />
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146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386（Zhang Huifang）<br />
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147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400<br />
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148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409<br />
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149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418<br />
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150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423<br />
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151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436<br />
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152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450<br />
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153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456<br />
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154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473<br />
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155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)<br />
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156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491(Xiao Zixin)<br />
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157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang)<br />
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158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508<br />
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159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514<br />
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160. Traditional Festivals 1518……<br />
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161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525<br />
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162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538<br />
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163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544<br />
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164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550<br />
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165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558<br />
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166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569<br />
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167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 Lv Jiahao<br />
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168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582<br />
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169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 <br />
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170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601 <br />
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171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611<br />
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172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623<br />
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173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631<br />
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174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644 （Liu Pei）<br />
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175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655<br />
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176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664 <br />
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177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676<br />
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178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685 （Lu Wei）<br />
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179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694 <br />
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180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701<br />
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181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）<br />
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182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719 (Fu Sihui)<br />
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183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727<br />
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184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740<br />
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185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752<br />
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186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759<br />
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187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767<br />
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188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783<br />
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189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790.(Chen Sisi)<br />
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190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798<br />
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191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）<br />
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192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818<br />
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193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)<br />
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194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845<br />
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195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)<br />
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196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)<br />
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197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845 <br />
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198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845<br />
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199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845<br />
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200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845 <br />
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201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845 <br />
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202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)<br />
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203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)<br />
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204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）<br />
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205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845 <br />
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206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845<br />
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207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845<br />
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208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845 <br />
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209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）<br />
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210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845<br />
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211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845<br />
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212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan)<br />
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213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)<br />
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214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845<br />
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215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)<br />
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216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845 (Ye Sitong)<br />
<br />
217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845 （Yang Jiahong2)<br />
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218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845(Gao Xiaoqing)<br />
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219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)<br />
<br />
220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845 （Dong Jiating）<br />
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221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）<br />
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222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845<br />
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223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845 （Lu Jiahui）<br />
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224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)<br />
<br />
225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Shen Shuai)<br />
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226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845<br />
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227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)<br />
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228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845<br />
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229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845 (Xiao Luyu)<br />
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230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845 (Zhang Meiling)<br />
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231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845<br />
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232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845 （Li Yuan2）<br />
<br />
233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845 (Cao Yuan)<br />
<br />
234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845 （Jin Yichen）<br />
<br />
235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845 (Chen Anqi)<br />
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236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845 (Xu Xinwen)<br />
<br />
237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845 （Li Zihan2）<br />
<br />
238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845（Liu Chang）<br />
<br />
239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845 (Song Xin)<br />
<br />
240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)<br />
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241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845<br />
<br />
242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)<br />
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243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845 <br />
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244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)<br />
<br />
245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845(Li Linyao) <br />
<br />
246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845（Du Yuan）<br />
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247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845 （Liu Qi）<br />
<br />
248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845 （Yu Jingfang）<br />
<br />
249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845<br />
<br />
250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845<br />
<br />
251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )<br />
<br />
252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845（Liu Shutian）<br />
<br />
253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845（Chen Ting）<br />
<br />
254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）<br />
<br />
255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845（Zhao Yashi）<br />
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256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)<br />
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257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845<br />
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258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845（Yang Jing)<br />
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259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845 (Zhou Tianyi)<br />
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<br />
260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao) <br />
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261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845<br />
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262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) (Li Jiayi) 1845 <br />
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263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845 (Zuo Fang)<br />
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264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845<br />
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265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）<br />
<br />
266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)<br />
<br />
267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)<br />
<br />
268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）<br />
<br />
269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845<br />
<br />
270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845 （Jiang Xinyue)<br />
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271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845<br />
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272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845 (Cheng Sixiang)<br />
<br />
273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)<br />
<br />
274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845 （Zeng Zhi）<br />
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275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）<br />
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276. Nail art（美甲） 1845 （Luo Jiaxin）<br />
277. Mirror (镜子) 1845 (Cheng Sixiang) <br />
<br />
278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845(Yan Xiang)<br />
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279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）<br />
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280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845 (Guo Cili)<br />
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281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845（Dai Yexun）<br />
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282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话 悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)<br />
<br />
283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845 （Zheng Jinlian）<br />
<br />
=Session 02 Fri Feb 28 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==<br />
[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
<br />
https://zoom.us/j/5739416744?pwd=c3h5L0NnY0xCWjlEMWhuNTBMbE92UT09#success<br />
<br />
==Topics for today==<br />
Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)<br />
<br />
You need to copy all the topics for the whole semester to the sessions NOW. If you do not do it sufficiently in advance, how can the fellow students prepare the texts?<br />
<br />
Please remember that you have to indicate the 10 topics for Friday on the course website under "Session 2" with the topic name, student name, powerpoint uploaded (max size 10 MB), all presentations will be each on 1 topic only and cannot exceed 5 minutes. They have to be interactive and helpful from the perspective of an interpreter or translator who needs to prepare his/her work on this topic.<br />
<br />
27. Chinese Calligraphy (Tang Yan)<br />
<br />
52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）[[Media:Mahjong-Jiang_Ziqiang.pptx]]<br />
<br />
55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）[[Media:The Summer Palace - Li Mei.pptx]]<br />
<br />
76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao) [[Media:Duan_Binyao_-76Su_Shi_and_Delegation_Literature.pptx]]<br />
<br />
85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Miao Yunlong)[[Media:Qian_Zhongshu_Miao_Yunlong.pptx]]<br />
Tea Latte Art (Xiang Jianning)<br />
<br />
Topic 7<br />
<br />
Topic 8<br />
<br />
Topic 9<br />
<br />
Topic 10<br />
<br />
=Session 03 Fri Mar 07 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
Topic 64:Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606 (Qin Yi)<br />
Topic101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)<br />
Topic107:National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）<br />
Topic155:Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)<br />
Topic157:Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501(Cao Chunyang)<br />
<br />
=Session 04 Fri Mar 14 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 05 Fri Mar 21 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 06 Fri Mar 28 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
清明节4月4日——4月6日<br />
=Session 08 Fri Apr 11 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 09 Fri Apr 18 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 10 Fri Apr 25 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
242. Hunan Rice Noodles (湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)<br />
167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 (Lv Jiahao)<br />
<br />
=HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
劳动节5月1日——5月5日<br />
=Session 12 Fri May 09 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
<br />
=Session 13 Fri May 16 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联）Wang Yuxin<br />
<br />
=Session 14 Fri May 23 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 15 Fri May 30 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
端午节5月31日——6月2日<br />
=Session 16 Fri Jun 28 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Final Exam=<br />
Please write your paper here: [[Chin_Lang_Cult_Fin_Exam_Spring_2025]]</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture,_Spring_2025&diff=165589Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 20252025-03-06T17:00:09Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
<hr />
<div>--[[User:Miao Yunlong|Miao Yunlong]] ([[User talk:Miao Yunlong|talk]]) 13:12, 24 February 2025 (UTC)[[Media:Example.ogg]]Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025]]!<br />
<br />
=Session 1 Fri Feb 21 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Organizational issues=<br />
<br />
==What we learn in this class==<br />
*We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective. <br />
*We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.<br />
*We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.<br />
*We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.<br />
*We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.<br />
*We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.<br />
*We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.<br />
*We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).<br />
<br />
==Students' contribution==<br />
*Every student needs to prepare the 1-2 textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class. <br />
*Every student selects a topic, prepares 2 ppt presentations of 15 min. (one without AI, one with AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a mentimeter.com quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.<br />
*For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with "Terms and Expressions", References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI<br />
<br />
==Textbook==<br />
You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are more than 200 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.<br />
<br />
==Agreement on use of classroom time==<br />
Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
==Homework for every session==<br />
Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.<br />
<br />
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==<br />
[[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
==Homework for Session 2==<br />
Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on http://bit.ly/WIKIREG, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way "Wang Jianguo", type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions as well as typing in the captcha password "wikicaptcha". More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here ("Teacher presentation"). <br />
<br />
Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on plus a MikeCRM quiz: The first three presenters will have to present next week!<br />
<br />
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17<br />
<br />
2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22<br />
<br />
3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31<br />
<br />
4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40<br />
<br />
5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49<br />
<br />
6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63<br />
<br />
7. Animals: Panda 71 <br />
<br />
8. Architecture 78<br />
<br />
9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89<br />
<br />
10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102<br />
<br />
11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113<br />
<br />
12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124<br />
<br />
13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131<br />
<br />
14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145 <br />
<br />
15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154<br />
<br />
16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163<br />
<br />
17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170<br />
<br />
18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178<br />
<br />
19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188<br />
<br />
20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197<br />
<br />
21. Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai)<br />
<br />
22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209<br />
<br />
23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218<br />
<br />
24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223<br />
<br />
25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230<br />
<br />
26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236<br />
<br />
27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246 (Tang Yan)<br />
<br />
28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252<br />
<br />
29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262<br />
<br />
30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276<br />
<br />
31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283<br />
<br />
32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291<br />
<br />
33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301 KKK<br />
<br />
34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309 <br />
<br />
35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324<br />
<br />
36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332<br />
<br />
37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339 <br />
<br />
38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350<br />
<br />
39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361<br />
<br />
40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371<br />
<br />
41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386<br />
<br />
42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395<br />
<br />
43. Facial Make-up 406<br />
<br />
44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413<br />
<br />
45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431<br />
<br />
46. Fine Arts: Painting 440<br />
<br />
47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445<br />
<br />
48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452<br />
<br />
49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459<br />
<br />
50. Games: Go 围棋 462<br />
<br />
51. Games: Kite Flying 468<br />
<br />
52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）<br />
<br />
53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505<br />
<br />
54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511<br />
<br />
55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）<br />
<br />
56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526<br />
<br />
57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535<br />
<br />
58. History: Carl and Cixi 548<br />
<br />
59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552<br />
<br />
60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561<br />
<br />
61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573<br />
<br />
62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585<br />
<br />
63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593<br />
<br />
64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606（Qin Yi)<br />
<br />
65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621<br />
<br />
66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635<br />
<br />
67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642<br />
<br />
68. Language: Chinese Language 649<br />
<br />
69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660<br />
<br />
70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669<br />
<br />
71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681<br />
<br />
72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688<br />
<br />
73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699<br />
<br />
74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706<br />
<br />
75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715<br />
<br />
76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)<br />
<br />
77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748<br />
<br />
78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765<br />
<br />
79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773 <br />
<br />
80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780<br />
<br />
81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786<br />
<br />
82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794<br />
<br />
83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823<br />
<br />
84. Literature: Modern Literature 832<br />
<br />
85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841（Miao Yunlong）<br />
<br />
86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848<br />
<br />
87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859<br />
<br />
88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865<br />
<br />
89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868<br />
<br />
90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873<br />
<br />
91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885<br />
<br />
92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890<br />
<br />
93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900 <br />
<br />
94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907<br />
<br />
95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912<br />
<br />
96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917<br />
<br />
97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924<br />
<br />
98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934<br />
<br />
99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941<br />
<br />
100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952<br />
<br />
101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)<br />
<br />
102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975<br />
<br />
103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986<br />
<br />
104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996<br />
<br />
105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005<br />
<br />
106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018<br />
<br />
107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）<br />
<br />
108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035<br />
<br />
109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043<br />
<br />
110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050<br />
<br />
111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055<br />
<br />
112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064<br />
<br />
113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076<br />
<br />
114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087<br />
<br />
115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093<br />
<br />
116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099<br />
<br />
117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106<br />
<br />
118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119<br />
<br />
119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129<br />
<br />
120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141<br />
<br />
121. Religion: Buddhism 1155<br />
<br />
122. Religion: Daoism 1170<br />
<br />
123. Religion: Christianity 1175<br />
<br />
124. Religion: Islam 1181<br />
<br />
125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185<br />
<br />
126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191 (Yang Yue2)<br />
<br />
127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217<br />
<br />
128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226<br />
<br />
129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235<br />
<br />
130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257<br />
<br />
131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272 <br />
<br />
132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277<br />
<br />
133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283(Wang Huaixing)<br />
<br />
134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291<br />
<br />
135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296<br />
<br />
136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300<br />
<br />
137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308<br />
<br />
138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317<br />
<br />
139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325<br />
<br />
140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332<br />
<br />
141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340<br />
<br />
142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348<br />
<br />
143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363<br />
<br />
144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369<br />
<br />
145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373 <br />
<br />
146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386（Zhang Huifang）<br />
<br />
147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400<br />
<br />
148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409<br />
<br />
149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418<br />
<br />
150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423<br />
<br />
151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436<br />
<br />
152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450<br />
<br />
153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456<br />
<br />
154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473<br />
<br />
155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)<br />
<br />
<br />
156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491(Xiao Zixin)<br />
<br />
157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang)<br />
<br />
158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508<br />
<br />
159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514<br />
<br />
160. Traditional Festivals 1518……<br />
<br />
161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525<br />
<br />
162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538<br />
<br />
163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544<br />
<br />
164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550<br />
<br />
165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558<br />
<br />
166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569<br />
<br />
167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 Lv Jiahao<br />
<br />
168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582<br />
<br />
169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 <br />
<br />
170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601 <br />
<br />
171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611<br />
<br />
172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623<br />
<br />
173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631<br />
<br />
174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644 （Liu Pei）<br />
<br />
175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655<br />
<br />
176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664 <br />
<br />
177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676<br />
<br />
178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685 （Lu Wei）<br />
<br />
179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694 <br />
<br />
180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701<br />
<br />
181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）<br />
<br />
182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719 (Fu Sihui)<br />
<br />
183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727<br />
<br />
184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740<br />
<br />
185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752<br />
<br />
186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759<br />
<br />
187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767<br />
<br />
188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783<br />
<br />
189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790.(Chen Sisi)<br />
<br />
190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798<br />
<br />
191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）<br />
<br />
192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818<br />
<br />
193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)<br />
<br />
194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845<br />
<br />
195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)<br />
<br />
196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)<br />
<br />
197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845 <br />
<br />
198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845<br />
<br />
199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845<br />
<br />
200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845 <br />
<br />
201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845 <br />
<br />
202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)<br />
<br />
203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)<br />
<br />
204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）<br />
<br />
205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845 <br />
<br />
206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845<br />
<br />
207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845<br />
<br />
208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845 <br />
<br />
209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）<br />
<br />
210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845<br />
<br />
211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845<br />
<br />
212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan)<br />
<br />
213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)<br />
<br />
214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845<br />
<br />
215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)<br />
<br />
216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845 (Ye Sitong)<br />
<br />
217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845 （Yang Jiahong2)<br />
<br />
218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845(Gao Xiaoqing)<br />
<br />
219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)<br />
<br />
220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845 （Dong Jiating）<br />
<br />
221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）<br />
<br />
222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845<br />
<br />
223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845 （Lu Jiahui）<br />
<br />
224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)<br />
<br />
225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Shen Shuai)<br />
<br />
226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845<br />
<br />
227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)<br />
<br />
228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845<br />
<br />
229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845 (Xiao Luyu)<br />
<br />
230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845 (Zhang Meiling)<br />
<br />
231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845<br />
<br />
232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845 （Li Yuan2）<br />
<br />
233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845 (Cao Yuan)<br />
<br />
234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845 （Jin Yichen）<br />
<br />
235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845 (Chen Anqi)<br />
<br />
236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845 (Xu Xinwen)<br />
<br />
237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845 （Li Zihan2）<br />
<br />
238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845（Liu Chang）<br />
<br />
239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845 (Song Xin)<br />
<br />
240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)<br />
<br />
241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845<br />
<br />
242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)<br />
<br />
243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845 <br />
<br />
244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)<br />
<br />
245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845(Li Linyao) <br />
<br />
246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845（Du Yuan）<br />
<br />
247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845 （Liu Qi）<br />
<br />
248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845 （Yu Jingfang）<br />
<br />
249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845<br />
<br />
250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845<br />
<br />
251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )<br />
<br />
252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845（Liu Shutian）<br />
<br />
253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845（Chen Ting）<br />
<br />
254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）<br />
<br />
255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845（Zhao Yashi）<br />
<br />
256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)<br />
<br />
257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845<br />
<br />
258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845（Yang Jing)<br />
<br />
259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845 (Zhou Tianyi)<br />
<br />
<br />
260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao) <br />
<br />
261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845<br />
<br />
262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) (Li Jiayi) 1845 <br />
<br />
263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845 (Zuo Fang)<br />
<br />
264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845<br />
<br />
265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）<br />
<br />
266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)<br />
<br />
267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)<br />
<br />
268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）<br />
<br />
269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845<br />
<br />
270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845 （Jiang Xinyue)<br />
<br />
271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845<br />
<br />
272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845 (Cheng Sixiang)<br />
<br />
273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)<br />
<br />
274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845 （Zeng Zhi）<br />
<br />
275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）<br />
<br />
276. Nail art（美甲） 1845 （Luo Jiaxin）<br />
277. Mirror (镜子) 1845 (Cheng Sixiang) <br />
<br />
278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845(Yan Xiang)<br />
<br />
279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）<br />
<br />
280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845 (Guo Cili)<br />
<br />
281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845（Dai Yexun）<br />
<br />
282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话 悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)<br />
<br />
283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845 （Zheng Jinlian）<br />
<br />
=Session 02 Fri Feb 28 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==<br />
[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
<br />
https://zoom.us/j/5739416744?pwd=c3h5L0NnY0xCWjlEMWhuNTBMbE92UT09#success<br />
<br />
==Topics for today==<br />
Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)<br />
<br />
You need to copy all the topics for the whole semester to the sessions NOW. If you do not do it sufficiently in advance, how can the fellow students prepare the texts?<br />
<br />
Please remember that you have to indicate the 10 topics for Friday on the course website under "Session 2" with the topic name, student name, powerpoint uploaded (max size 10 MB), all presentations will be each on 1 topic only and cannot exceed 5 minutes. They have to be interactive and helpful from the perspective of an interpreter or translator who needs to prepare his/her work on this topic.<br />
<br />
27. Chinese Calligraphy (Tang Yan)<br />
<br />
52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）[[Media:Mahjong-Jiang_Ziqiang.pptx]]<br />
<br />
55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）[[Media:The Summer Palace - Li Mei.pptx]]<br />
<br />
76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao) [[Media:Duan_Binyao_-76Su_Shi_and_Delegation_Literature.pptx]]<br />
<br />
85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Miao Yunlong)[[Media:Qian_Zhongshu_Miao_Yunlong.pptx]]<br />
Tea Latte Art (Xiang Jianning)<br />
<br />
Topic 7<br />
<br />
Topic 8<br />
<br />
Topic 9<br />
<br />
Topic 10<br />
<br />
=Session 03 Fri Mar 07 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
Topic 64:Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606 (Qin Yi)<br />
Topic101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)<br />
Topic107:National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）<br />
Topic155:Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)<br />
Topic157:Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501(Cao Chunyang)<br />
<br />
=Session 04 Fri Mar 14 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 05 Fri Mar 21 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 06 Fri Mar 28 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
清明节4月4日——4月6日<br />
=Session 08 Fri Apr 11 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 09 Fri Apr 18 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 10 Fri Apr 25 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
242. Hunan Rice Noodles (湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)<br />
167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 (Lv Jiahao)<br />
<br />
=HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
劳动节5月1日——5月5日<br />
=Session 12 Fri May 09 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
<br />
=Session 13 Fri May 16 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联）Wang Yuxin<br />
<br />
=Session 14 Fri May 23 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 15 Fri May 30 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
端午节5月31日——6月2日<br />
=Session 16 Fri Jun 28 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Final Exam=<br />
Please write your paper here: [[Chin_Lang_Cult_Fin_Exam_Spring_2025]]</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture,_Spring_2025&diff=165588Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 20252025-03-06T16:58:20Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
<hr />
<div>--[[User:Miao Yunlong|Miao Yunlong]] ([[User talk:Miao Yunlong|talk]]) 13:12, 24 February 2025 (UTC)[[Media:Example.ogg]]Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025]]!<br />
<br />
=Session 1 Fri Feb 21 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Organizational issues=<br />
<br />
==What we learn in this class==<br />
*We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective. <br />
*We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.<br />
*We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.<br />
*We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.<br />
*We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.<br />
*We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.<br />
*We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.<br />
*We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).<br />
<br />
==Students' contribution==<br />
*Every student needs to prepare the 1-2 textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class. <br />
*Every student selects a topic, prepares 2 ppt presentations of 15 min. (one without AI, one with AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a mentimeter.com quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.<br />
*For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with "Terms and Expressions", References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI<br />
<br />
==Textbook==<br />
You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are more than 200 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.<br />
<br />
==Agreement on use of classroom time==<br />
Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
==Homework for every session==<br />
Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.<br />
<br />
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==<br />
[[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
==Homework for Session 2==<br />
Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on http://bit.ly/WIKIREG, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way "Wang Jianguo", type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions as well as typing in the captcha password "wikicaptcha". More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here ("Teacher presentation"). <br />
<br />
Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on plus a MikeCRM quiz: The first three presenters will have to present next week!<br />
<br />
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17<br />
<br />
2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22<br />
<br />
3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31<br />
<br />
4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40<br />
<br />
5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49<br />
<br />
6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63<br />
<br />
7. Animals: Panda 71 <br />
<br />
8. Architecture 78<br />
<br />
9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89<br />
<br />
10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102<br />
<br />
11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113<br />
<br />
12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124<br />
<br />
13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131<br />
<br />
14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145 <br />
<br />
15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154<br />
<br />
16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163<br />
<br />
17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170<br />
<br />
18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178<br />
<br />
19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188<br />
<br />
20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197<br />
<br />
21. Beverages: Tea 203 (Zhang Mai)<br />
<br />
22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209<br />
<br />
23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218<br />
<br />
24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223<br />
<br />
25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230<br />
<br />
26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236<br />
<br />
27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246 (Tang Yan)<br />
<br />
28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252<br />
<br />
29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262<br />
<br />
30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276<br />
<br />
31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283<br />
<br />
32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291<br />
<br />
33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301 KKK<br />
<br />
34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309<br />
<br />
35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324<br />
<br />
36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332<br />
<br />
37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339 <br />
<br />
38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350<br />
<br />
39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361<br />
<br />
40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371<br />
<br />
41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386<br />
<br />
42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395<br />
<br />
43. Facial Make-up 406<br />
<br />
44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413<br />
<br />
45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431<br />
<br />
46. Fine Arts: Painting 440<br />
<br />
47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445<br />
<br />
48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452<br />
<br />
49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459<br />
<br />
50. Games: Go 围棋 462<br />
<br />
51. Games: Kite Flying 468<br />
<br />
52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）<br />
<br />
53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505<br />
<br />
54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511<br />
<br />
55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）<br />
<br />
56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526<br />
<br />
57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535<br />
<br />
58. History: Carl and Cixi 548<br />
<br />
59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552<br />
<br />
60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561<br />
<br />
61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573<br />
<br />
62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585<br />
<br />
63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593<br />
<br />
64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606（Qin Yi)<br />
<br />
65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621<br />
<br />
66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635<br />
<br />
67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642<br />
<br />
68. Language: Chinese Language 649<br />
<br />
69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660<br />
<br />
70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669<br />
<br />
71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681<br />
<br />
72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688<br />
<br />
73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699<br />
<br />
74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706<br />
<br />
75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715<br />
<br />
76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)<br />
<br />
77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748<br />
<br />
78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765<br />
<br />
79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773 <br />
<br />
80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780<br />
<br />
81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786<br />
<br />
82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794<br />
<br />
83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823<br />
<br />
84. Literature: Modern Literature 832<br />
<br />
85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841（Miao Yunlong）<br />
<br />
86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848<br />
<br />
87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859<br />
<br />
88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865<br />
<br />
89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868<br />
<br />
90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873<br />
<br />
91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885<br />
<br />
92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890<br />
<br />
93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900 <br />
<br />
94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907<br />
<br />
95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912<br />
<br />
96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917<br />
<br />
97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924<br />
<br />
98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934<br />
<br />
99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941<br />
<br />
100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952<br />
<br />
101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)<br />
<br />
102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975<br />
<br />
103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986<br />
<br />
104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996<br />
<br />
105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005<br />
<br />
106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018<br />
<br />
107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）<br />
<br />
108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035<br />
<br />
109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043<br />
<br />
110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050<br />
<br />
111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055<br />
<br />
112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064<br />
<br />
113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076<br />
<br />
114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087<br />
<br />
115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093<br />
<br />
116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099<br />
<br />
117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106<br />
<br />
118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119<br />
<br />
119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129<br />
<br />
120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141<br />
<br />
121. Religion: Buddhism 1155<br />
<br />
122. Religion: Daoism 1170<br />
<br />
123. Religion: Christianity 1175<br />
<br />
124. Religion: Islam 1181<br />
<br />
125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185<br />
<br />
126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191 (Yang Yue2)<br />
<br />
127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217<br />
<br />
128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226<br />
<br />
129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235<br />
<br />
130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257<br />
<br />
131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272 <br />
<br />
132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277<br />
<br />
133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283(Wang Huaixing)<br />
<br />
134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291<br />
<br />
135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296<br />
<br />
136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300<br />
<br />
137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308<br />
<br />
138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317<br />
<br />
139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325<br />
<br />
140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332<br />
<br />
141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340<br />
<br />
142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348<br />
<br />
143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363<br />
<br />
144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369<br />
<br />
145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373 <br />
<br />
146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386（Zhang Huifang）<br />
<br />
147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400<br />
<br />
148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409<br />
<br />
149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418<br />
<br />
150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423<br />
<br />
151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436<br />
<br />
152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450<br />
<br />
153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456<br />
<br />
154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473<br />
<br />
155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)<br />
<br />
<br />
156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491(Xiao Zixin)<br />
<br />
157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 (Cao Chunyang)<br />
<br />
158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508<br />
<br />
159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514<br />
<br />
160. Traditional Festivals 1518……<br />
<br />
161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525<br />
<br />
162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538<br />
<br />
163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544<br />
<br />
164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550<br />
<br />
165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558<br />
<br />
166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569<br />
<br />
167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 Lv Jiahao<br />
<br />
168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582<br />
<br />
169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 <br />
<br />
170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601 <br />
<br />
171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611<br />
<br />
172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623<br />
<br />
173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631<br />
<br />
174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644 （Liu Pei）<br />
<br />
175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655<br />
<br />
176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664 <br />
<br />
177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676<br />
<br />
178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685 （Lu Wei）<br />
<br />
179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694 <br />
<br />
180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701<br />
<br />
181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712（Xiao Yawen）<br />
<br />
182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719 (Fu Sihui)<br />
<br />
183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727<br />
<br />
184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740<br />
<br />
185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752<br />
<br />
186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759<br />
<br />
187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767<br />
<br />
188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783<br />
<br />
189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790.(Chen Sisi)<br />
<br />
190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798<br />
<br />
191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 (Qiu Ping）<br />
<br />
192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818<br />
<br />
193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825(Qi Zhiyang)<br />
<br />
194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845<br />
<br />
195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845 （Ouyang Yihong)<br />
<br />
196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845（Geng Hongmei)<br />
<br />
197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845 <br />
<br />
198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845<br />
<br />
199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845<br />
<br />
200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845 <br />
<br />
201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845 <br />
<br />
202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 (Xiang Jianning)<br />
<br />
203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)<br />
<br />
204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845（Huang Sinan）<br />
<br />
205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845 <br />
<br />
206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845<br />
<br />
207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845<br />
<br />
208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845 <br />
<br />
209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）<br />
<br />
210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845<br />
<br />
211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845<br />
<br />
212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan)<br />
<br />
213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)<br />
<br />
214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845<br />
<br />
215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)<br />
<br />
216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845 (Ye Sitong)<br />
<br />
217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845 （Yang Jiahong2)<br />
<br />
218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845(Gao Xiaoqing)<br />
<br />
219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)<br />
<br />
220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845 （Dong Jiating）<br />
<br />
221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）<br />
<br />
222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845<br />
<br />
223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845 （Lu Jiahui）<br />
<br />
224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)<br />
<br />
225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Shen Shuai)<br />
<br />
226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845<br />
<br />
227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)<br />
<br />
228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845<br />
<br />
229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845 (Xiao Luyu)<br />
<br />
230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845 (Zhang Meiling)<br />
<br />
231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845<br />
<br />
232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845 （Li Yuan2）<br />
<br />
233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845 (Cao Yuan)<br />
<br />
234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845 （Jin Yichen）<br />
<br />
235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845 (Chen Anqi)<br />
<br />
236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845 (Xu Xinwen)<br />
<br />
237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845 （Li Zihan2）<br />
<br />
238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845（Liu Chang）<br />
<br />
239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845 (Song Xin)<br />
<br />
240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)<br />
<br />
241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845<br />
<br />
242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)<br />
<br />
243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845 <br />
<br />
244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)<br />
<br />
245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845(Li Linyao) <br />
<br />
246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845（Du Yuan）<br />
<br />
247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845 （Liu Qi）<br />
<br />
248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845 （Yu Jingfang）<br />
<br />
249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845<br />
<br />
250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845<br />
<br />
251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )<br />
<br />
252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845（Liu Shutian）<br />
<br />
253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845（Chen Ting）<br />
<br />
254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）<br />
<br />
255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845（Zhao Yashi）<br />
<br />
256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)<br />
<br />
257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845<br />
<br />
258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845（Yang Jing)<br />
<br />
259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845 (Zhou Tianyi)<br />
<br />
<br />
260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao) <br />
<br />
261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845<br />
<br />
262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) (Li Jiayi) 1845 <br />
<br />
263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845 (Zuo Fang)<br />
<br />
264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845<br />
<br />
265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）<br />
<br />
266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)<br />
<br />
267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)<br />
<br />
268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）<br />
<br />
269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845<br />
<br />
270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845 （Jiang Xinyue)<br />
<br />
271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845<br />
<br />
272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845 (Cheng Sixiang)<br />
<br />
273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)<br />
<br />
274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845 （Zeng Zhi）<br />
<br />
275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）<br />
<br />
276. Nail art（美甲） 1845 （Luo Jiaxin）<br />
277. Mirror (镜子) 1845 (Cheng Sixiang) <br />
<br />
278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845(Yan Xiang)<br />
<br />
279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）<br />
<br />
280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845 (Guo Cili)<br />
<br />
281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845（Dai Yexun）<br />
<br />
282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话 悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)<br />
<br />
283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845 （Zheng Jinlian）<br />
<br />
=Session 02 Fri Feb 28 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==<br />
[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
<br />
https://zoom.us/j/5739416744?pwd=c3h5L0NnY0xCWjlEMWhuNTBMbE92UT09#success<br />
<br />
==Topics for today==<br />
Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)<br />
<br />
You need to copy all the topics for the whole semester to the sessions NOW. If you do not do it sufficiently in advance, how can the fellow students prepare the texts?<br />
<br />
Please remember that you have to indicate the 10 topics for Friday on the course website under "Session 2" with the topic name, student name, powerpoint uploaded (max size 10 MB), all presentations will be each on 1 topic only and cannot exceed 5 minutes. They have to be interactive and helpful from the perspective of an interpreter or translator who needs to prepare his/her work on this topic.<br />
<br />
27. Chinese Calligraphy (Tang Yan)<br />
<br />
52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）[[Media:Mahjong-Jiang_Ziqiang.pptx]]<br />
<br />
55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）[[Media:The Summer Palace - Li Mei.pptx]]<br />
<br />
76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao) [[Media:Duan_Binyao_-76Su_Shi_and_Delegation_Literature.pptx]]<br />
<br />
85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Miao Yunlong)[[Media:Qian_Zhongshu_Miao_Yunlong.pptx]]<br />
Tea Latte Art (Xiang Jianning)<br />
<br />
Topic 7<br />
<br />
Topic 8<br />
<br />
Topic 9<br />
<br />
Topic 10<br />
<br />
=Session 03 Fri Mar 07 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
Topic 64:Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606 (Qin Yi)<br />
Topic101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962 (Xu Yangyang)<br />
Topic107:National Symbols: National Flag 1026 （Liao Zuoyun）<br />
Topic155:Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480(Liu Peini)<br />
Topic157:Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501(Cao Chunyang)<br />
<br />
=Session 04 Fri Mar 14 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 05 Fri Mar 21 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 06 Fri Mar 28 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
清明节4月4日——4月6日<br />
=Session 08 Fri Apr 11 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 09 Fri Apr 18 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 10 Fri Apr 25 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
242. Hunan Rice Noodles (湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)<br />
167. History: Wang Shouren 1573 (Lv Jiahao)<br />
<br />
=HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
劳动节5月1日——5月5日<br />
=Session 12 Fri May 09 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
<br />
=Session 13 Fri May 16 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联）Wang Yuxin<br />
<br />
=Session 14 Fri May 23 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 15 Fri May 30 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
端午节5月31日——6月2日<br />
=Session 16 Fri Jun 28 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Final Exam=<br />
Please write your paper here: [[Chin_Lang_Cult_Fin_Exam_Spring_2025]]</div>Zheng Kaiwuhttps://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Chinese_Language_and_Culture,_Spring_2025&diff=165459Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 20252025-02-27T15:33:08Z<p>Zheng Kaiwu: </p>
<hr />
<div>--[[User:Miao Yunlong|Miao Yunlong]] ([[User talk:Miao Yunlong|talk]]) 13:12, 24 February 2025 (UTC)[[Media:Example.ogg]]Welcome to our course website [[Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025]]!<br />
<br />
=Session 1 Fri Feb 21 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Organizational issues=<br />
<br />
==What we learn in this class==<br />
*We learn about Chinese culture from international, especially Western perspective. <br />
*We learn about cultural phenomena, traditional Chinese culture.<br />
*We learn English and Chinese terminology in the area of Chinese culture.<br />
*We learn to think critically about cultural traditions and to appreciate the benefits from cultural traditions.<br />
*We learn how to determine the location and role of Chinese culture within global culture.<br />
*We learn basics of theories and models of intercultural communication and comparison.<br />
*We learn the appreciate and respect the diversity of multipolar cultures and of integration.<br />
*We become aware of the dangers of cultural discrimination (colonialism, religious missions, imperialism etc.).<br />
<br />
==Students' contribution==<br />
*Every student needs to prepare the 1-2 textbook texts of the respective chapters in the textbook ahead each week of class. <br />
*Every student selects a topic, prepares 2 ppt presentations of 15 min. (one without AI, one with AI, and please indicate references and an AI statement at the end of the presentation) and a mentimeter.com quiz for everybody to take live in class with results shown after all will have answered. The topics and contents of the sessions are determined by the selection of the students.<br />
*For the final exam, you write another chapter of the textbook in both Chinese and English, with "Terms and Expressions", References, Questions and Answers, Statement regarding AI<br />
<br />
==Textbook==<br />
You will receive the textbook for our class. We need a volunteer who integrates the last 92 new chapters into the word file. After tha, you will receive an updated version of the textbook. There are more than 200 topics of our textbook. Here you find all topics in the order of the book and with the names of the students who will translate the chapters into Chinese. Please select two topics by writing your name behind it and by setting it in '''bold'''. These topics will be presented in the form of a powerpoint presentation.<br />
<br />
==Agreement on use of classroom time==<br />
Should we read the texts in class or should the students read the text ahead of class (especially learning the terms and expressions) and come to class prepared? How should we use our classroom time? (presentations, quizzes, discussions, exercise to translate adhoc an unknown text from the same area)<br />
<br />
<br />
----<br />
==Homework for every session==<br />
Please prepare the topics of the following session by reading the respective texts in the textbook (if you have not much time, you can read it in Chinese), learn the vocabulary and make yourself familiar with the questions asked under the text.<br />
<br />
<nowiki>Insert non-formatted text here</nowiki>==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==<br />
[[Media:01_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
[[File:Example.jpg]]==Homework for Session 2==<br />
Please register on the Wiki and wait for the teacher to approve. You can click on http://bit.ly/WIKIREG, then input two times your pinyin name for username and real name in the way "Wang Jianguo", type in some info about yourself and submit the form with accepting the terms and conditions as well as typing in the captcha password "wikicaptcha". More detailed instructions for registration you find in the powerpoint presentation which you can download from here ("Teacher presentation"). <br />
<br />
Please select one of the following chapters of our textbook by writing your name behind the topic to give a 20 minute presentation on plus a MikeCRM quiz: The first three presenters will have to present next week!<br />
<br />
1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development 17<br />
<br />
2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs 22<br />
<br />
3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting 31<br />
<br />
4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan 40<br />
<br />
5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia 49<br />
<br />
6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China 63<br />
<br />
7. Animals: Panda 71 <br />
<br />
8. Architecture 78<br />
<br />
9. Architecture: The Forbidden City 89<br />
<br />
10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges 102<br />
<br />
11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions 113<br />
<br />
12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace 124<br />
<br />
13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China 131<br />
<br />
14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture 145 <br />
<br />
15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons 154<br />
<br />
16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army 163<br />
<br />
17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology 170<br />
<br />
18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms 178<br />
<br />
19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac 188<br />
<br />
20. Beverages: Milk Tea 197<br />
<br />
21. Beverages: Tea 203<br />
<br />
22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China 209<br />
<br />
23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing 218<br />
<br />
24. Body movement performance: Stilts 223<br />
<br />
25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 230<br />
<br />
26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush 236<br />
<br />
27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy 246 (Tang Yan)<br />
<br />
28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy 252<br />
<br />
29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters 262<br />
<br />
30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts 276<br />
<br />
31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing 283<br />
<br />
32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) 291<br />
<br />
33. Clothing: Cheongsam 301 <br />
<br />
34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture 309<br />
<br />
35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues 324<br />
<br />
36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism 332<br />
<br />
37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects 339 <br />
<br />
38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education 350<br />
<br />
39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China 361<br />
<br />
40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System 371<br />
<br />
41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties 386<br />
<br />
42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) 395<br />
<br />
43. Facial Make-up 406<br />
<br />
44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up 413<br />
<br />
45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera 431<br />
<br />
46. Fine Arts: Painting 440<br />
<br />
47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi 445<br />
<br />
48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day 452<br />
<br />
49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting 459<br />
<br />
50. Games: Go 围棋 462<br />
<br />
51. Games: Kite Flying 468<br />
<br />
52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play 476（Jiang Ziqiang）<br />
<br />
53. Garden Culture: Gardens 505<br />
<br />
54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) 511<br />
<br />
55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）<br />
<br />
56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 526<br />
<br />
57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China 535<br />
<br />
58. History: Carl and Cixi 548<br />
<br />
59. Interieur: The Folding Screen 552<br />
<br />
60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines 561<br />
<br />
61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics 573<br />
<br />
62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains 585<br />
<br />
63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes 593<br />
<br />
64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai 606<br />
<br />
65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） 621<br />
<br />
66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road 635<br />
<br />
67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties 642<br />
<br />
68. Language: Chinese Language 649<br />
<br />
69. Language: Chinese Dialects 660<br />
<br />
70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot 669<br />
<br />
71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales 681<br />
<br />
72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology 688<br />
<br />
73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature 699<br />
<br />
74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China 706<br />
<br />
75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient China 715<br />
<br />
76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China 725 (Duan Binyao)<br />
<br />
77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 748<br />
<br />
78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu 765<br />
<br />
79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels 773 <br />
<br />
80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations 780<br />
<br />
81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio 786<br />
<br />
82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song 794<br />
<br />
83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty 823<br />
<br />
84. Literature: Modern Literature 832<br />
<br />
85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) 841（Miao Yunlong）<br />
<br />
86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy 848<br />
<br />
87. Literature: Contemporary Literature 859<br />
<br />
88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia 865<br />
<br />
89. Martial Arts: Qigong 868<br />
<br />
90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing 873<br />
<br />
91. Martial Arts: Wushu 885<br />
<br />
92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) 890<br />
<br />
93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) 900<br />
<br />
94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion 907<br />
<br />
95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology 912<br />
<br />
96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine 917<br />
<br />
97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing 924<br />
<br />
98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority 934<br />
<br />
99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes 941<br />
<br />
100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) 952<br />
<br />
101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money 962<br />
<br />
102. Music and instruments: Guzheng 975<br />
<br />
103. Music and instruments: Pipa 986<br />
<br />
104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals 996<br />
<br />
105. Mythology: Huli-jing 1005<br />
<br />
106. National Symbols: National Anthem 1018<br />
<br />
107. National Symbols: National Flag 1026<br />
<br />
108. Opera: Peking Opera 1035<br />
<br />
109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics 1043<br />
<br />
110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang 1050<br />
<br />
111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera 1055<br />
<br />
112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) 1064<br />
<br />
113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools 1076<br />
<br />
114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism 1087<br />
<br />
115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching 1093<br />
<br />
116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng 1099<br />
<br />
117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living 1106<br />
<br />
118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism 1119<br />
<br />
119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture 1129<br />
<br />
120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture 1141<br />
<br />
121. Religion: Buddhism 1155<br />
<br />
122. Religion: Daoism 1170<br />
<br />
123. Religion: Christianity 1175<br />
<br />
124. Religion: Islam 1181<br />
<br />
125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology 1185<br />
<br />
126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1191<br />
<br />
127. Science and Technology: Compass 1217<br />
<br />
128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) 1226<br />
<br />
129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China 1235<br />
<br />
130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies 1257<br />
<br />
131. Silk and porcelain: Silk 1272 <br />
<br />
132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain 1277<br />
<br />
133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 1283<br />
<br />
134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road 1291<br />
<br />
135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road 1296<br />
<br />
136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages 1300<br />
<br />
137. Social: The Long-life Lock 1308<br />
<br />
138. Social: Round Table Culture 1317<br />
139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 1325<br />
140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play 1332<br />
<br />
141. Traditional Crafts: Carving 1340<br />
<br />
142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture 1348<br />
143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne 1363<br />
<br />
144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery 1369<br />
<br />
145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) 1373 <br />
<br />
146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery 1386<br />
<br />
147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting 1400<br />
<br />
148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots 1409<br />
<br />
149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware 1418<br />
<br />
150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 1423<br />
<br />
151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette 1436<br />
<br />
152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks 1450<br />
<br />
153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China 1456<br />
<br />
154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines 1473<br />
<br />
155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan 1480<br />
<br />
156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick 1491(Zhang Huifang)<br />
157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot 1501 <br />
<br />
158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking 1508<br />
<br />
159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes 1514<br />
<br />
160. Traditional Festivals 1518……<br />
<br />
161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows 1525<br />
<br />
162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets 1538<br />
<br />
163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning 1544<br />
<br />
164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement 1550<br />
<br />
165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture 1558<br />
<br />
166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes 1569<br />
<br />
167. History: Wang Shouren 1573<br />
<br />
168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit 1582<br />
<br />
169. Cuisine: Luosifen 1593 <br />
<br />
170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting 1601 <br />
<br />
171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) 1611<br />
<br />
172. Traditional Craft: Bronze 1623<br />
<br />
173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 1631<br />
<br />
174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi 1644<br />
<br />
175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China 1655<br />
<br />
176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella 1664 (Tao Yao)<br />
<br />
177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama 1676<br />
<br />
178. Music and instruments: Erhu 1685<br />
<br />
179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love 1694<br />
<br />
180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan 1701（Liu Shutian）<br />
<br />
181. Animals：Golden Monkey 1712<br />
<br />
182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen 1719<br />
<br />
183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas 1727<br />
<br />
184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship 1740<br />
<br />
185. Opera: Huangmei opera 1752<br />
<br />
186. The “reference” of Chinese Music 1759<br />
<br />
187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance 1767<br />
<br />
188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） 1783<br />
<br />
189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing 1790<br />
<br />
190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera 1798<br />
<br />
191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers 1807 <br />
<br />
192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream 1818<br />
<br />
193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) 1825<br />
<br />
194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People 1845<br />
<br />
195. Sports: Cuju (蹴鞠) 1845<br />
<br />
196. Science and Technology: The culture of Chinese Electric Vehicles 中国电动汽车 1845<br />
<br />
197. Chinese tradition culture: The culture of Ronghua—Velvet Flowers 绒花 1845 （Chu Hanqi）<br />
<br />
198. Stage entertainment: Northeast Errenzhuan (二人转) 1845<br />
<br />
199. Traditional Crafts: Dough Sculpture 面塑 1845<br />
<br />
200. Nanchang Relic Museum for Haihun Principality of Han Dynasty 1845 （Wang Xinyu）<br />
<br />
201. The culture of Grass cloth 夏布 1845 (Huang Qiaoqiao)<br />
<br />
202. The Legend of Zhen Huan 《甄嬛传》 1845 （Xing Xueqing）<br />
<br />
203. Chinese horror movies 中式恐怖片 1845 (Zhang Jiaxin)<br />
<br />
204. Stand-up comedy 单口喜剧 1845<br />
<br />
205. Bride-price（彩礼） 1845 （Wu Jiating）<br />
<br />
206. Chinese science fiction movies 中国科幻片 1845<br />
<br />
207. Shandong cuisine鲁菜 1845(Liu Peini)<br />
<br />
208. Chinese traditional ornament: Buyao （步摇） 1845 <br />
<br />
209. Tofu meatball with pig blood (猪血丸子) 1845 （Li Ting2）<br />
<br />
210. Sunzi’s Art of War: Source for All Books on War (孙子兵法) 1845<br />
<br />
211. The Temple of Heaven：Reverence with Awe and Gratitude（天坛） 1845<br />
<br />
212. Education：training Schools （教育：补习班） 1845 (Huang Yixuan)<br />
<br />
213. Chinese Dreamcore (中式梦核) 1845 (Zhang Zixi)<br />
<br />
214. Lu Ban, China’s inventor（中国发明家——鲁班） 1845<br />
<br />
215. Live Streaming E-commerce（直播电商） 1845 (Tao Yao)<br />
<br />
216. The Story of Ming Lan（知否知否，应是绿肥红瘦） 1845 (Ye Sitong)<br />
<br />
217. Cha Bai Xi/Tea Latte Art (茶百戏) 1845 <br />
<br />
218. Guangdong Herbal tea（广东凉茶） 1845(Gao Xiaoqing)<br />
<br />
219. Chinese traditional art form：Seal carving（篆刻） 1845(Huang Qiaoqiao)<br />
<br />
220. Rice cake (年糕) 1845(Li Linyao)<br />
<br />
221. Zhongyuan festival 1845 （Ou Huang）<br />
<br />
222. Dulong: Facial tattoo (独龙族：纹面) 1845<br />
<br />
223. The Return of the Pearl Princess（还珠格格） 1845 （Lu Jiahui）<br />
<br />
224. Chinese Food：Jiangxi Cuisine（赣菜） 1845 (Liao Dan)<br />
<br />
225. "Cun Chao": China's village football league（“村超”：中国乡村足球联赛） 1845 (Shen Shuai)<br />
<br />
226. Landscapes and Tourism: Junshan Island (君山岛) 1845（Liao Zuoyun）<br />
<br />
227. Chinese Bossy Fictions & Micro-drama（中国式霸总小说&短剧） 1845 (He Yunfeng)<br />
<br />
228. Chinese Traditional Medicine (中医药）——— Mortise and Tenon Joint（榫卯结构） 1845<br />
<br />
229. Jingdezhen Porcelain 1845 (Xiao Luyu)<br />
<br />
230. Gayageum（伽倻琴） 1845 (Zhang Meiling)<br />
<br />
231. The plaque and couplet in Chinese garden（园林匾额对联） 1845<br />
<br />
232. Sun Wukong（孙悟空） 1845 （Li Yuan2）<br />
<br />
233. Traditional Chinese Pigments（中国传统颜料） 1845 (Cao Yuan)<br />
<br />
234. Dragon Lantern Dance（舞龙灯） 1845 （Jin Yichen）<br />
<br />
235. Bamboo Weaving (竹编） 1845<br />
<br />
236. Landscapes and Tourism: Harbin Ice and Snow World (冰雪大世界) 1845 (Xu Xinwen)<br />
<br />
237. Braised Chicken Rice (黄焖鸡米饭-Huang Men Ji Mifan) 1845<br />
<br />
238. Three Famous Chinese Mountains(中国三山) 1845<br />
<br />
239. Female Emperor---Wu Zetian 1845 (Song Xin)<br />
<br />
240. Clay sculpture (泥塑） 1845 (Chen Lin)<br />
<br />
241. Abacus (中国珠算） 1845<br />
<br />
242. Hunan Rice Noodles（湖南米粉） 1845 (Gong Wei)<br />
<br />
243. Chinese name（中国姓名文化） 1845 (Yang Jing)<br />
<br />
244. Chinese popular viral memes (中国网络社交媒体“热梗”） 1845(Xiao Yikang)<br />
<br />
245. Douzhi (豆汁) 1845 <br />
<br />
246. New Year Wood-block Paintings (木版年画） 1845（Du Yuan）<br />
<br />
247. Carved lacquer（雕漆） 1845<br />
<br />
248. Jing Gang Mountain (井冈山） 1845 <br />
<br />
249. Intangible Cultural Heritage: Tongguan Kiln （铜官窑） 1845<br />
<br />
250. Language: Hakka Dialect（客家话） 1845<br />
<br />
251. Rice noodle roll（肠粉） 1845 ( Li Mingfeng )<br />
<br />
252. Traditional Cuisine: Northeastern Chinese Cuisine(东北菜） 1845（Liu Shutian）<br />
<br />
253. Yuelu Mountain (岳麓山) 1845（Chen Ting）<br />
<br />
254. Traditional Crafts：Tie-Dye（扎染） 1845（Zhang Qi）<br />
<br />
255. Chinese-style sun protection (中式防晒） 1845（Zhao Yashi）<br />
<br />
256. Danmu (弹幕） 1845 (Zhou Le)<br />
<br />
257. Yangshao Culture（仰韶文化） 1845<br />
<br />
258. Indigo Dyeing (蓝染) 1845<br />
<br />
259. Female Writers: Zhang Ailing, Chen Ping, Lin Yihan and Li Bihua 1845<br />
<br />
260. Wedding dress in the Song Dynasty (宋代婚服) 1845 (Liu Chao) <br />
<br />
261. The cultural idea oft he great unification in ancient China (中国古代的大一统文化思想) 1845<br />
<br />
262. The Four Pillars of Destiny (八字) (Li Jiayi) 1845 <br />
<br />
263. Shaolin Temple (少林寺) 1845<br />
<br />
264. Single bamboo drifting（独竹漂） 1845<br />
<br />
265. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1845 （Xing Xueqing）<br />
<br />
266. Hui Culture (徽文化) 1845(Liu Jianan)<br />
<br />
267. Ma Zu Culture (妈祖文化) 1845 (Yan Jidong)<br />
<br />
268. Table Manners 1845（Luo Yan）<br />
<br />
269. Music of the Mongol nationality (蒙古族音乐) 1845<br />
<br />
270. The Yingge Dance（英歌舞） 1845 （Jiang Xinyue)<br />
<br />
271. Palace Lantern（宫灯） 1845<br />
<br />
272. Chinese Term of Endearment（中国亲昵称谓） 1845 (Cheng Sixiang)<br />
<br />
273. Changsha Stinky Tofu（长沙臭豆腐) 1845(Luo Sicheng)<br />
<br />
274. God of Wealth(财神) 1845 （Zeng Zhi）<br />
<br />
275. Zhuazhou（抓周） 1845 （Zeng Xiaohui）<br />
<br />
276. Nail art（美甲） 1845 （Luo Jiaxin）<br />
<br />
277. Mirror (镜子) 1845 (Cheng Sixiang)<br />
<br />
278. The Beef Board Noodle (牛肉板面) 1845<br />
<br />
279. Huo Qubing (霍去病） 1845 （Luo Jingyan）<br />
<br />
280. Chinese Courtyard Houses（中国四合院） 1845 (Guo Cili)<br />
<br />
281. Music and instruments: Yangqin（扬琴） 1845<br />
<br />
282. Black Myth: Wukong（黑神话 悟空） 1845 (Chen Zhen)<br />
<br />
283. Guangdong Morning Tea Culture （广东早茶文化） 1845 （Zheng Jinlian）<br />
<br />
=Session 02 Fri Feb 28 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
==Teacher presentation: Introduction to Culture==<br />
[[Media:02_Chin_Lang_Cult_Spring_2025.pptx]]<br />
<br />
==Topics for today==<br />
Please copy and paste your presentation topic, your name here and add your powerpoint file (size limit 10 MB)<br />
<br />
You need to copy all the topics for the whole semester to the sessions NOW. If you do not do it sufficiently in advance, how can the fellow students prepare the texts?<br />
<br />
Please remember that you have to indicate the 10 topics for Friday on the course website under "Session 2" with the topic name, student name, powerpoint uploaded (max size 10 MB), all presentations will be each on 1 topic only and cannot exceed 5 minutes. They have to be interactive and helpful from the perspective of an interpreter or translator who needs to prepare his/her work on this topic.<br />
<br />
<br />
55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace 519（Li Mei）<br />
[[File:The Summer Palace - Li Mei.pptx]]<br />
<br />
=Session 03 Fri Mar 07 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 04 Fri Mar 14 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 05 Fri Mar 21 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 06 Fri Mar 28 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=HOLIDAY Session 07 Fri Apr 04 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
清明节4月4日——4月6日<br />
=Session 08 Fri Apr 11 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 09 Fri Apr 18 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 10 Fri Apr 25 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=HOLIDAY Session 11 Fri May 02 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
劳动节5月1日——5月5日<br />
=Session 12 Fri May 09 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 13 Fri May 16 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 14 Fri May 23 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
=Session 15 Fri May 30 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Student presentations=<br />
端午节5月31日——6月2日<br />
=Session 16 Fri Jun 28 12:45-14:15 room 613 - Final Exam=<br />
Please write your paper here: [[Chin_Lang_Cult_Fin_Exam_Spring_2025]]</div>Zheng Kaiwu