20201207 cult - Revision history

GUIROU BARTHELEMY: /* Guirou, Barthelemy */

2020-12-27T13:54:32Z

Guirou, Barthelemy

Zhu Xu: /* Ha, Thi Thu Hang */

2020-12-26T03:25:17Z

Ha, Thi Thu Hang

Xu Jing: /* Xu Jing 许静 */

2020-12-16T15:25:45Z

Xu Jing 许静

Xu Jing: /* Xu Jing 许静 */

2020-12-16T15:23:57Z

Xu Jing 许静

Yang Ziling: /* Yi Zichu 义子楚 */

2020-12-16T15:10:49Z

Yi Zichu 义子楚

Zhumeimei: /* Alsied, Saffana */

2020-12-14T07:39:31Z

Alsied, Saffana

Zhumeimei: /* Cao Runxin 曹润鑫 */

2020-12-14T07:25:25Z

Cao Runxin 曹润鑫

Qu Miao: /* Qu Miao 瞿淼 */

2020-12-14T07:13:00Z

Qu Miao 瞿淼

Zhumeimei: /* Cao Runxin 曹润鑫 */

2020-12-14T07:12:13Z

Cao Runxin 曹润鑫

SAFFANA ALSIED 2: /* Alsied, Saffana */

2020-12-14T07:11:37Z

Alsied, Saffana

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:54, 27 December 2020
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	==Guirou, Barthelemy==		==Guirou, Barthelemy==
		+
		+	1. Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.
		+
		+	佛教是世界第四大宗教，被称为佛教徒的信徒人数超过5.2亿，占全球人口的7％以上。
		+
		+	2. Muslims believe that Islam was revealed over 1,400 years ago in Mekkah, Arabia through a man called Muhammad. Muhammad is so respected that it is usual for Muslims to say 'peace be upon him' whenever they mention his name.
		+
		+	穆斯林相信，伊斯兰是在1400多年前通过一个名叫穆罕默德的人在阿拉伯的梅卡（Mekkah）暴露的。穆罕默德是如此受人尊敬，以至于穆斯林通常在提及他的名字时都说“愿他安息”。
		+
		+	3. Christianity is focussed on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, who Christians believe to be the Son of God. Jesus was born in Bethlehem in the Middle East over 2,000 years ago.
		+
		+	基督教专注于耶稣基督的生活和教teaching，基督徒相信耶稣基督是神的儿子。耶稣在2000多年前出生于中东的伯利恒。
		+
		+	4. Taoism or Daoism is a Chinese philosophy based on the writings of Lao-tzu, advocating humility and religious piety.
		+
		+	道教或道教是一种基于老子著作的中国哲学，崇尚谦卑和虔诚。--[[User:GUIROU BARTHELEMY\|GUIROU BARTHELEMY]] ([[User talk:GUIROU BARTHELEMY\|talk]]) 13:54, 27 December 2020 (UTC)

	==Guo Lu 郭露==		==Guo Lu 郭露==

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:25, 26 December 2020
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	在中国，佛教有两种类型，大乘佛教（大木筏）和小乘佛教（小木筏）。		在中国，佛教有两种类型，大乘佛教（大木筏）和小乘佛教（小木筏）。
		+
		+	中国有两种类型的佛教，大乘佛教和小乘佛教。--[[User:Zhu Xu\|Zhu Xu]] ([[User talk:Zhu Xu\|talk]]) 03:25, 26 December 2020 (UTC)

	3.Mahayana Buddhism was introduced into regions inhabited by the Han people, the largest ethnic group in China, in the first century.		3.Mahayana Buddhism was introduced into regions inhabited by the Han people, the largest ethnic group in China, in the first century.

@@ Line 1,062: / Line 1,062: @@
 为什么佛教这么重视智慧呢？因为从根本上来说，世间的一切恶，都是源于无明愚痴。而一切苦果，一方面因为有恶不善法为业因，另一方面也要有无明相应，才会呈现为苦。
-Why does Buddhism place so much emphasis on wisdom? Because fundamentally, all evil in the world stems from ignorance and foolishness. And all suffering results, on the one hand, because there is evil and unwholesome law as the cause of karma, and on the other hand, there must be ignorance corresponding to it before it presents itself as suffering.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 15:23, 16 December 2020 (UTC)
+Why does Buddhism place so much emphasis on wisdom? Because fundamentally, all evil in the world stems from ignorance and foolishness. And all suffering results, on the one hand, because there is evil and unwholesome law as the cause of karma, and on the other hand, there must be ignorance corresponding to it before it presents itself as suffering.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 15:23, 11 December 2020 (UTC)
 千百年来，道教既承载、弘扬了道家思想，也融合东方玄学文化，彰显出独特的信仰魅力。
-For thousands of years, Taoism has carried and promoted Taoist thought as well as integrating Eastern metaphysical culture, revealing its unique charm of faith.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 15:23, 16 December 2020 (UTC)
+For thousands of years, Taoism has carried and promoted Taoist thought as well as integrating Eastern metaphysical culture, revealing its unique charm of faith.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 15:23, 11 December 2020 (UTC)
 伊斯兰教的基本经典《古兰经》和“圣训”是伊斯兰文化的灵魂所在，其中有大量的关于慈善的规定和阐述，形成了伊斯兰的慈善观。
-The Qur'an and the Sunnah, the basic texts of Islam, are the soul of Islamic culture, and contain a large number of provisions and elaborations on charity, forming the Islamic concept of charity.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 15:23, 16 December 2020 (UTC)
+The Qur'an and the Sunnah, the basic texts of Islam, are the soul of Islamic culture, and contain a large number of provisions and elaborations on charity, forming the Islamic concept of charity.--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 15:23, 11 December 2020 (UTC)
 基督徒所信仰的上帝，是一位人格化的上帝，他的存在是一个客观的现实。
 The God in whom Christians believe is a personalised God whose existence is an objective reality.
---[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 15:23, 16 December 2020 (UTC)
+--[[User:Xu Jing|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing|talk]]) 15:23, 11 December 2020 (UTC)
 ==Yang Chenting 杨晨婷==

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:23, 16 December 2020
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	==Xu Jing 许静==		==Xu Jing 许静==
		+	为什么佛教这么重视智慧呢？因为从根本上来说，世间的一切恶，都是源于无明愚痴。而一切苦果，一方面因为有恶不善法为业因，另一方面也要有无明相应，才会呈现为苦。
		+
		+	Why does Buddhism place so much emphasis on wisdom? Because fundamentally, all evil in the world stems from ignorance and foolishness. And all suffering results, on the one hand, because there is evil and unwholesome law as the cause of karma, and on the other hand, there must be ignorance corresponding to it before it presents itself as suffering.--[[User:Xu Jing\|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing\|talk]]) 15:23, 16 December 2020 (UTC)
		+
		+	千百年来，道教既承载、弘扬了道家思想，也融合东方玄学文化，彰显出独特的信仰魅力。
		+
		+	For thousands of years, Taoism has carried and promoted Taoist thought as well as integrating Eastern metaphysical culture, revealing its unique charm of faith.--[[User:Xu Jing\|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing\|talk]]) 15:23, 16 December 2020 (UTC)
		+
		+	伊斯兰教的基本经典《古兰经》和“圣训”是伊斯兰文化的灵魂所在，其中有大量的关于慈善的规定和阐述，形成了伊斯兰的慈善观。
		+
		+	The Qur'an and the Sunnah, the basic texts of Islam, are the soul of Islamic culture, and contain a large number of provisions and elaborations on charity, forming the Islamic concept of charity.--[[User:Xu Jing\|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing\|talk]]) 15:23, 16 December 2020 (UTC)
		+
		+	基督徒所信仰的上帝，是一位人格化的上帝，他的存在是一个客观的现实。
		+
		+	The God in whom Christians believe is a personalised God whose existence is an objective reality.
		+	--[[User:Xu Jing\|Xu Jing]] ([[User talk:Xu Jing\|talk]]) 15:23, 16 December 2020 (UTC)

	==Yang Chenting 杨晨婷==		==Yang Chenting 杨晨婷==

@@ Line 1,149: / Line 1,149: @@
 . 公元313年，罗马帝国皇帝君士坦丁一世发布“米兰敕令”，宣布基督教可与所有其他宗教同享自由，不受歧视。从此基督教成为官方认可的合法宗教。
 In 313, the Roman Emperor Constantine I issued "Edict of Milan", declared common freedom with Christianity and all other religions, without discrimination. Since then, Christianity became an official recognition of the legitimate religion.
 . l6 世纪，随着西欧民族国家和市民阶级的兴起，爆发了反对罗马教皇封建统治的宗教改革运动，后陆续分化出脱离天主教会的一些新宗派，称为“新教”。所以，基督教是天主教、东正教和新教的总称。
 In the 16 century, with the rise of Western European nation-state and public class, Rome, the Reformation movement broke out against rule of the Pope. After these, some of the new sect, known as the "Protestant", were split from the Catholic Church. So, Christianity is general of Catholic, Orthodox and Protestan.
-. 佛教是一种约有三亿人信仰的世界性宗教。这个词来自于'菩堤’，意思是'觉悟’。佛教大约起源于2500年前，是悉达多乔达摩(称为佛陀)在35岁时觉悟后所发起的
 Buddhism is a religion to about 300 million people around the world. The word comes from '"budhi', 'to awaken'. It has its origins about 2,500 years ago when Siddhartha Gotama, known as the Buddha, was himself awakened (enlightened) at the age of35.
 --[[User:Yi Zichu|Yi Zichu]] ([[User talk:Yi Zichu|talk]]) 03:12, 12 December 2020 (UTC)
 ==You Yuting 游雨婷==

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:39, 14 December 2020
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	佛教据说是在公元前6世纪由印度贵族之子和Kshatriya种姓成员Siddhartha Gautama在印度和尼泊尔目前的边界附近建立的。他还以头衔Skakania（萨迦家族的圣贤）和Tathagata（真理的追随者）而闻名。		佛教据说是在公元前6世纪由印度贵族之子和Kshatriya种姓成员Siddhartha Gautama在印度和尼泊尔目前的边界附近建立的。他还以头衔Skakania（萨迦家族的圣贤）和Tathagata（真理的追随者）而闻名。
		+
		+	他还作为Skakania（萨迦家族的圣贤）和Tathagata（真理的追随者）而闻名。--[[User:Zhumeimei\|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei\|talk]]) 07:39, 14 December 2020 (UTC)

	2. According to Taoism, the cosmos is a magnitude of harmony and order. It is active, not static. Its state is one of change and variation, perpetually becoming and fading away, and contracting and expanding. Tao guides its function as an ordering principle. Within Tao, the two elementary powers, Yin and Yang, function by reciprocal action. They are the two polar opposites into which all things can be classified. Thus dark and light, life and death, male and female, good and evil, strong and weak are all manifestations of Yin and Yang.		2. According to Taoism, the cosmos is a magnitude of harmony and order. It is active, not static. Its state is one of change and variation, perpetually becoming and fading away, and contracting and expanding. Tao guides its function as an ordering principle. Within Tao, the two elementary powers, Yin and Yang, function by reciprocal action. They are the two polar opposites into which all things can be classified. Thus dark and light, life and death, male and female, good and evil, strong and weak are all manifestations of Yin and Yang.

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:25, 14 December 2020
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	Most modern Chinese scholars believe that Taoism and Daoism are two concepts that are both interrelated and distinct.--[[User:Cao Runxin\|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin\|talk]]) 10:09, 13 December 2020 (UTC)		Most modern Chinese scholars believe that Taoism and Daoism are two concepts that are both interrelated and distinct.--[[User:Cao Runxin\|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin\|talk]]) 10:09, 13 December 2020 (UTC)
		+
		+	Taoist and Taoism are conceptions that are both interrelated and differential to each other.--[[User:Zhumeimei\|Zhumeimei]] ([[User talk:Zhumeimei\|talk]]) 07:25, 14 December 2020 (UTC)

	3.穆罕默德在早期的宣教中，告诫人们放弃多神信仰和偶像崇拜，宣称真主是宇宙万物的创造者，是唯一的主宰，要求人们信奉独一无二的真主。		3.穆罕默德在早期的宣教中，告诫人们放弃多神信仰和偶像崇拜，宣称真主是宇宙万物的创造者，是唯一的主宰，要求人们信奉独一无二的真主。

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:13, 14 December 2020
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	==Qu Miao 瞿淼==		==Qu Miao 瞿淼==
		+	1.约在19世纪末和20世纪初，佛教先后传入欧洲和北美。1906年英国成立“英国佛教协会”，欧洲佛教徒开始有自己的组织。以后英、法、德、瑞士、瑞典、捷克斯洛伐克、匈牙利等国都有佛教僧团和研究机构。佛教传入美国后，又北传加拿大，南传巴西、秘鲁、阿根廷等国。
		+
		+	1. Around the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Buddhism was introduced to Europe and North America successively. In 1906, Britain established the "British Buddhist Association", and European Buddhists began to have their own organizations. In the future, Britain, France, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and other countries will have Buddhist monks and research institutions. After Buddhism was introduced to the United States, it spread to Canada in the north and Brazil, Peru, Argentina and other countries in the south.
		+
		+	2. 作为早期道教的重要经典，《太平经》蕴含着丰富的美学思想，对后世道教美学产生过深远影响。《太平经》不仅记载了我国古代最早的道教音乐理论，而且对乐律与人的身心健康的关系给予了相当的重视。
		+	2. As an important classic of early Taoism, "Tai Ping Jing" contains rich aesthetic thoughts, which had a profound influence on later Taoist aesthetics. "Tai Ping Jing" not only records the earliest Taoist music theory in ancient my country, but also pays considerable attention to the relationship between music rhythm and people's physical and mental health.
		+
		+	3.神爱世人，甚至将他的独生子（耶稣基督）赐给他们，叫一切信他的，不至灭亡，反得永生.
		+	3. God loves the world and even gave his only begotten Son (Jesus Christ) to them, so that everyone who believes in him will not perish but have eternal life.
		+
		+	4.开光是道教特有的一种宗教科仪，道教认为凡是所塑的神像都要经过一道程序，即装藏。
		+	4. Consecration is a religious ritual peculiar to Taoism. Taoism believes that all statues made must go through a process, that is, to hide.--[[User:Qu Miao\|Qu Miao]] ([[User talk:Qu Miao\|talk]]) 07:12, 14 December 2020 (UTC)

	==Rajabov, Anushervon==		==Rajabov, Anushervon==

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 .6世纪，佛教从中国经朝鲜传入日本，此后一直成为日本的主要宗教。
-Buddhism was introduced to Japan from China via Korea in the 6th century and has been the main religion of Japan ever since.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 10:09, 13 December 2020 (UTC)
+Buddhism was introduced to Japan from China via Korea in the 6th century AD and has been the main religion of Japan ever since.--[[User:Cao Runxin|Cao Runxin]] ([[User talk:Cao Runxin|talk]]) 10:09, 13 December 2020 (UTC)
 .近代中国学者多数认为：道家与道教是两个既相互联系又有区别的概念。

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:11, 14 December 2020
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	==Alsied, Saffana==		==Alsied, Saffana==
		+	1.Buddhism was said to be founded in India in the 6th century BC by Siddhartha Gautama, son of a nobleman and member of the Kshatriya caste, near the present borders of India and Nepal. He is also known by the titles Skamania (the sage of the Sakya family) and Tathagata (the follower of truth).
		+
		+	佛教据说是在公元前6世纪由印度贵族之子和Kshatriya种姓成员Siddhartha Gautama在印度和尼泊尔目前的边界附近建立的。他还以头衔Skakania（萨迦家族的圣贤）和Tathagata（真理的追随者）而闻名。
		+
		+	2. According to Taoism, the cosmos is a magnitude of harmony and order. It is active, not static. Its state is one of change and variation, perpetually becoming and fading away, and contracting and expanding. Tao guides its function as an ordering principle. Within Tao, the two elementary powers, Yin and Yang, function by reciprocal action. They are the two polar opposites into which all things can be classified. Thus dark and light, life and death, male and female, good and evil, strong and weak are all manifestations of Yin and Yang.
		+
		+	根据道教，宇宙是和谐与秩序的一个层面。它是活动的，不是静态的。它的状态是变化和变异的一种，永久地变成和逐渐消失，以及收缩和扩展。陶指导其功能，作为订购原则。在道内部，阴和阳这两个基本能力是通过相互作用起作用的。它们是可以将所有事物归为两类的两个极端。因此，黑暗与光明，生与死，男女，善与恶，强与弱都是阴阳的表现。
		+
		+	3.The name of Islam is derived from the word “salam” with the connotation of the “the peace which comes by surrendering to God.” Islam was founded by the Arab prophet Mohammed. For people of Islamic faith, there is only one God, Allah. The name derives from joining “al” which means “the” with “Illah” which means “God”. Chinese Moslems live mostly in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. They form ethnic groups in 4 autonomous prefectures and 13 autonomous counties.
		+
		+	根据道教，宇宙是和谐与秩序的一个层面。它是活动的，不是静态的。它的状态是变化和变异的一种，永久地变成和逐渐消失，以及收缩和扩展。陶指导其功能，作为订购原则。在道内部，阴和阳这两个基本能力是通过相互作用起作用的。它们是可以将所有事物归为两类的两个极端。因此，黑暗与光明，生与死，男女，善与恶，强与弱都是阴阳的表现。
		+
		+	4. Among the major divisions of Christianity, the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church agree in most points of doctrine and worship, but the various communions of the former do not accept the supremacy of the Church of Rome and its bishop, the pope. Accordingly, although those communions accept many of the doctrines enunciated by the Roman Catholic Church since their separation in 1054, they do not consider such doctrines very essential to Christianity.
		+
		+
		+	在基督教的主要分裂中，东正教教会和罗马天主教教会在教义和礼拜的大多数方面都达成了一致，但前者的各种共融并不接受罗马教会及其主教教皇的最高统治权。因此，尽管自从1054年分离以来，这些教会就接受了罗马天主教阐明的许多教义，但他们并不认为这些教义对基督教非常重要。

	==Cao Runxin 曹润鑫==		==Cao Runxin 曹润鑫==