20201221 cult - Revision history

Liu Yiyu: /* Liu Yiyu 刘怡瑜 */

2020-12-28T14:31:27Z

Liu Yiyu 刘怡瑜

Liu Yiyu: /* Liu Yiyu 刘怡瑜 */

2020-12-28T14:24:59Z

Liu Yiyu 刘怡瑜

WuQiong: /* Wu Qiong 吴琼 */

2020-12-28T09:35:33Z

Wu Qiong 吴琼

WuQiong: /* Tang Yiran 汤伊然 */

2020-12-28T09:35:10Z

Tang Yiran 汤伊然

WuQiong: /* Wu Qiong 吴琼 */

2020-12-28T09:33:45Z

Wu Qiong 吴琼

Chen Han: /* Li Lili 李丽丽 */

2020-12-28T08:54:52Z

Li Lili 李丽丽

Gudongfang: /* Gu Dongfang 顾东方 */

2020-12-28T08:00:16Z

Gu Dongfang 顾东方

Tang Yiran1: /* Tang Bei 汤蓓 */

2020-12-28T07:02:27Z

Tang Bei 汤蓓

Tang Yiran1: /* Tang Yiran 汤伊然 */

2020-12-28T06:54:58Z

Tang Yiran 汤伊然

Tang Yiran1: /* Tang Yiran 汤伊然 */

2020-12-28T06:54:08Z

Tang Yiran 汤伊然

@@ Line 473: / Line 473: @@
 . 唐代丝绸之路的畅通繁荣，也进一步促进了东西方思想文化交流，对以后相互的社会和民族意识形态发展，产生了很多积极、深远的影响，这种思想文化的交流，是与宗教密切相关的。
 The smooth prosperity of the Silk Road in Tang Dynasty also further promoted the ideological and cultural exchanges between the East and the west, and had a lot of positive and far-reaching effects on the mutual development of society and national ideology. This kind of Ideological and cultural exchanges is closely related to religion.
 .在唐朝中期以前，中国对外主通道是陆上丝绸之路，之后由于战乱及经济重心转移等原因，海上丝绸之路取代陆路成为中外贸易交流主通道。
 Before the middle of Tang Dynasty, China's main channel for foreign trade was the land silk road. Later, due to the war and the shift of economic center, the Sea Silk Road replaced the land road as the main channel for foreign trade.
 . 郑和在下西洋的过程中，为解决东南亚各国之间的矛盾，为建立亚非国家区域间的和平局势，作出了不懈的努力。
 Zheng He made unremitting efforts to solve the contradictions among Southeast Asian countries and establish a regional peace situation among Asian and African countries during his journey to the West.
 --[[User:Liu Yiyu|Liu Yiyu]] ([[User talk:Liu Yiyu|talk]]) 14:24, 28 December 2020 (UTC)

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:24, 28 December 2020
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	==Liu Yiyu 刘怡瑜==		==Liu Yiyu 刘怡瑜==
		+	1. 唐代丝绸之路的畅通繁荣，也进一步促进了东西方思想文化交流，对以后相互的社会和民族意识形态发展，产生了很多积极、深远的影响，这种思想文化的交流，是与宗教密切相关的。
		+	The smooth prosperity of the Silk Road in Tang Dynasty also further promoted the ideological and cultural exchanges between the East and the west, and had a lot of positive and far-reaching effects on the mutual development of society and national ideology. This kind of Ideological and cultural exchanges is closely related to religion.
		+	2.在唐朝中期以前，中国对外主通道是陆上丝绸之路，之后由于战乱及经济重心转移等原因，海上丝绸之路取代陆路成为中外贸易交流主通道。
		+	Before the middle of Tang Dynasty, China's main channel for foreign trade was the land silk road. Later, due to the war and the shift of economic center, the Sea Silk Road replaced the land road as the main channel for foreign trade.
		+	3. 郑和在下西洋的过程中，为解决东南亚各国之间的矛盾，为建立亚非国家区域间的和平局势，作出了不懈的努力。
		+	Zheng He made unremitting efforts to solve the contradictions among Southeast Asian countries and establish a regional peace situation among Asian and African countries during his journey to the West.
		+	--[[User:Liu Yiyu\|Liu Yiyu]] ([[User talk:Liu Yiyu\|talk]]) 14:24, 28 December 2020 (UTC)

	==Lo, Minh Thao==		==Lo, Minh Thao==

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:35, 28 December 2020
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	Western learning in the East refers to the historical process of the spread of Western academic thought to China from the late Ming Dynasty to modern times. Although it can also refer to the introduction of various Western things into China from ancient times to contemporary times, it usually refers to the introduction of academic ideas from Europe and the United States during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and the late Qing dynasty.		Western learning in the East refers to the historical process of the spread of Western academic thought to China from the late Ming Dynasty to modern times. Although it can also refer to the introduction of various Western things into China from ancient times to contemporary times, it usually refers to the introduction of academic ideas from Europe and the United States during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and the late Qing dynasty.
		+
		+	4.洋务运动，又称自强运动。是19世纪60年代到90年代晚清洋务派所进行的一场引进西方军事装备、机器生产和科学技术以挽救清朝统治的自救运动。
		+
		+	The Westernization Movement, also known as the Self-Strengthening Movement. It was aimed to introduce revitalize the late Qing Dynasty from the 1860s to the 1990s by introducing Western military equipment, machine production, and science and technology.--[[User:WuQiong\|WuQiong]] ([[User talk:WuQiong\|talk]]) 09:35, 28 December 2020 (UTC)

	==Wu Yilu 吴一露==		==Wu Yilu 吴一露==

@@ Line 697: / Line 697: @@
 The land Silk Road originated in the Western Han Dynasty (202 B.C-8 A.D) when Emperor Wu sent Zhang Qian to the West to open up a land route starting from the capital Chang’an (now Xi’an), through Gansu and Xinjiang, to Central Asia and West Asia, and connecting the Mediterranean countries.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 06:54, 28 December 2020 (UTC)
 .海上丝路萌芽于商周，发展于春秋战国，形成于秦汉，兴于唐宋，转变于明清，是已知最为古老的海上航线。
 The Maritime Silk Road sprouted in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, developed in the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States, formed in the Qin and Han Dynasties, flourished in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and transformed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and is the oldest known sea route.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 06:54, 28 December 2020 (UTC)
 .西学东渐，是指从明朝后期到近代的西方学术思想向中国传播的历史过程。
 The Westernization Movement is the historical process of spreading Western academic ideas to China from the late Ming Dynasty to modern times.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 06:54, 28 December 2020 (UTC)
 .洋务运动，又称自强运动。是19世纪60年代到90年代晚清洋务派所进行的一场引进西方军事装备、机器生产和科学技术以挽救清朝统治的自救运动。

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:33, 28 December 2020
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	==Wu Qiong 吴琼==		==Wu Qiong 吴琼==
		+
		+	1. 张骞对丝绸之路的开拓有重大的贡献，他使得丝绸之路成为一条商业和文化通道，bai开拓汉朝通往西域的南北道路。
		+
		+	Zhang Qian made significant contributions to the development of the Silk Road, making it a commercial and cultural corridor, and bai opened up the north-south road from the Han Dynasty to the West.
		+
		+	2.为加强与“21世纪海上丝绸之路”周边国家旅游外事交往，落实中印尼旅游部门领导关于扩大两国双向旅游交流的共识，应印尼旅游与创意部邀请，国家旅游局驻新加坡办事处派员参加了在印尼巴淡岛举办的“郑和下西洋海上丝绸之路”旅游线启动仪式。
		+
		+	In order to strengthen foreign relations with the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road" neighboring countries in tourism, the implementation of the Indonesian tourism sector leaders on the expansion of two-way tourism exchanges between the two countries, at the invitation of the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Indonesia, the National Tourism Administration Office in Singapore sent staff to participate in the "Zheng He under the Atlantic Ocean Maritime Silk Road" tourism line launch ceremony held in Batam Island, Indonesia.
		+
		+	3. 西学东渐，是指从明朝后期到近代的西方学术思想向中国传播的历史过程。其虽然亦可以泛指自上古以来一直到当代的各种西方事物传入中国，但通常而言是指在明末清初以及晚清民初两个时期之中，欧洲及美国等地学术思想的传入。
		+
		+	Western learning in the East refers to the historical process of the spread of Western academic thought to China from the late Ming Dynasty to modern times. Although it can also refer to the introduction of various Western things into China from ancient times to contemporary times, it usually refers to the introduction of academic ideas from Europe and the United States during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and the late Qing dynasty.

	==Wu Yilu 吴一露==		==Wu Yilu 吴一露==

@@ Line 406: / Line 406: @@
 By 1417, the Yongle Emperor ordered Zheng He to return the envoys home. Once more back on the seas, Zheng He and his large fleet set sail for his fifth expedition (1417-1419). He stopped in many of the same places, including Java, Sumatra, and also brought letters and riches to the different rulers Zheng He met.
-In 1417, Emperor Yongle ordered Zheng He to send the envoys back home. Zheng He and his fleet returned to sea again to set sail on his fifth expedition (1417-1419). He stopped at many of the same places, including Java and Sumatra, and also brought letters and wealth to the different rulers he met. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:29, 25 December 2020 (UTC)
+In 1417, Emperor Yongle ordered Zheng He to send the envoys back home. Zheng He and his fleet returned to sea again to set sail on his fifth expedition (1417-1419). He stopped at many of the same places, including Java and Sumatra, and also brought letters and wealth to the different rulers he met. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 08:54, 28 December 2020 (UTC)
 .海上丝绸之路从福建泉州开始, 是秦汉时期形成、三国时期发展到隋朝、盛唐宋朝、明清衰落的最早航程航线。
@@ Line 412: / Line 412: @@
 Starting from Quanzhou Fujian Province, the maritime Silk Road was the earliest voyage route that was formed in the Qin and Han dynasties, developed from the Three Kingdoms Period to the Sui Dynasty, flourished in the Tang and Song dynasties, and fell into decline in the Ming and Qing dynasties.
-The Maritime Silk Road began in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, and was the earliest voyage route formed during the Qin and Han dynasties, developed during the Three Kingdoms Period to the Sui dynasty, flourished in the Tang and Song dynasties, and fell into decline in the Ming and Qing dynasties. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:29, 25 December 2020 (UTC)
+The Maritime Silk Road began in Quanzhou, Fujian Province, and was the earliest voyage route formed during the Qin and Han dynasties, developed during the Three Kingdoms Period to the Sui dynasty, flourished in the Tang and Song dynasties, and fell into decline in the Ming and Qing dynasties. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 08:54, 28 December 2020 (UTC)
 .西学东渐不仅客观上促成了马克思主义哲学在中国的广泛传播, 构成了马克思主义哲学中国化的一个重要历史前提, 而且引发了中国哲学历史发展过程中的重大变革, 推动了中国哲学从古代传统向近代传统的转变。
@@ Line 418: / Line 418: @@
 The spread of Western learning to the East objectively promoted the dissemination of Marxist philosophy, forming an important historical precondition for its Sinicization. Moreover, it triggered a great transformation in the historical development of Chinese philosophy and facilitated its transition from an ancient to an early modern tradition.
-The eastward spread of Western learning has not only objectively contributed to the widespread dissemination of Marxist philosophy in China, constituting an important historical premise for the Chineseization of Marxist philosophy, but also triggered a major change in the historical development of Chinese philosophy, promoting the transformation of Chinese philosophy from the ancient to the modern tradition. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:29, 25 December 2020 (UTC)
+The eastward spread of Western learning has not only objectively contributed to the widespread dissemination of Marxist philosophy in China, constituting an important historical premise for the Chineseization of Marxist philosophy, but also triggered a major change in the historical development of Chinese philosophy, promoting the transformation of Chinese philosophy from the ancient to the modern tradition. --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 08:54, 28 December 2020 (UTC)
 .鸦片战争、不平等条约和19世纪中叶的大规模起义的残酷现实，使清朝朝臣和官员认识到壮大中国的必要性。自19世纪40年代以来，中国学者和官员一直在研究和翻译“西学”。
@@ Line 424: / Line 424: @@
 The rude realities of the Opium War, the unequal treaties, and the mid- 19th century mass uprisings caused Qing courtiers and officials to recognize the need to strengthen China. Chinese scholars and officials had been examining and translating "Western Learning" since the 1840s.--[[User:Li LIli|Li LIli]] ([[User talk:Li LIli|talk]]) 13:05, 25 December 2020 (UTC)
-The harsh realities of the Opium War, the unequal treaties, and the mass uprisings of the mid-19th century made courtiers and officials of the Qing Dynasty realize the need to strengthen China. Since the 1840s, Chinese scholars and officials had been studying and translating "Western Learning". --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 14:29, 25 December 2020 (UTC)
+The harsh realities of the Opium War, the unequal treaties, and the mass uprisings of the mid-19th century made courtiers and officials of the Qing Dynasty realize the need to strengthen China. Since the 1840s, Chinese scholars and officials had been studying and translating "Western Learning". --[[User:Chen Han|Chen Han]] ([[User talk:Chen Han|talk]]) 08:54, 28 December 2020 (UTC)
 ==Li Liqin 李丽琴==

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:00, 28 December 2020
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	==Gu Dongfang 顾东方==		==Gu Dongfang 顾东方==
		+	1.两千年来，丝绸之路始终主宰着人类文明的进程。不同种族、不同信仰、不同文化背景的帝王、军队、商人、学者、僧侣、奴隶，往来在这条道路上，创造并传递着财富、智慧、宗教、艺术、战争、疾病和灾难。
		+
		+	For two thousand years, the Silk Road has dominated the course of human civilization. Emperors, armies, merchants, scholars, monks and slaves of different races, faiths and cultures have traveled along this road, creating and transmitting wealth, wisdom, religion, art, war, disease and disaster.
		+
		+	2.郑和下西洋加强了中外文明的交流，也留下了介绍沿岸国家、地区情况的地理著作以及航海图。
		+
		+	Zheng He's voyage to the West strengthened the exchange between Chinese and foreign civilizations, and also left behind geographical works and navigational charts introducing the situation of coastal countries and regions.
		+
		+	3.西学东渐，是指从明朝后期到近代的西方学术思想向中国传播的历史过程。其虽然亦可以泛指自上古以来一直到当代的各种西方事物传入中国，但通常而言是指在明末清初以及晚清民初两个时期之中，欧洲及美国等地学术思想的传入。
		+
		+	Western learning in the East refers to the historical process of the spread of Western academic thought to China from the late Ming Dynasty to modern times. Although it can also refer to the introduction of various Western things into China from ancient times to contemporary times, it usually refers to the introduction of academic ideas from Europe and the United States during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and the late Qing dynasty.

	==Guan Qinqing 管钦清==		==Guan Qinqing 管钦清==

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:02, 28 December 2020
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	The Silk Road Economic Belt focuses on bringing China, Central Asia, Russia and Europe(the Baltic)together;linking China with Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea through Central Asia and West Asia; and connecting China with Southeast Asia, South Asia and Indian Ocean. The 21st- Century Maritime Silk Road is designed to go from China’s coast to Europe through the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean in one route, and from China’s coast through the South China Sea to the South Pacific in the other.--[[User:Tang Bei\|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei\|talk]]) 05:33, 28 December 2020 (UTC)		The Silk Road Economic Belt focuses on bringing China, Central Asia, Russia and Europe(the Baltic)together;linking China with Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea through Central Asia and West Asia; and connecting China with Southeast Asia, South Asia and Indian Ocean. The 21st- Century Maritime Silk Road is designed to go from China’s coast to Europe through the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean in one route, and from China’s coast through the South China Sea to the South Pacific in the other.--[[User:Tang Bei\|Tang Bei]] ([[User talk:Tang Bei\|talk]]) 05:33, 28 December 2020 (UTC)
		+
		+	The Silk Road Economic Belt focuses on opening up smooth passage from China to Europe (Baltic Sea) via Central Asia and Russia; from China to the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea via Central Asia and West Asia; and from China to Southeast Asia, South Asia and the Indian Ocean. The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road starts from China's coastal ports across the South China Sea to the Indian Ocean, extending to Europe; or from China's coastal ports across the South China Sea to the South Pacific.--[[User:Tang Yiran1\|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1\|talk]]) 07:02, 28 December 2020 (UTC)

	3.西学东渐将西方近代各种学术上的新成果带入了中国，深深影响到各种学术的发展，而许多在传统中国不被重视甚至不存在的学科也在此影响下得到发展，中国传统学术的基本框架“经、史、子、集”完全被打破，许多传统的学术受到西学的冲击，有的逐渐没落，有的吸收西方学术而加以改进，到民国时期，整个西方式的学术体系架构大致成型。		3.西学东渐将西方近代各种学术上的新成果带入了中国，深深影响到各种学术的发展，而许多在传统中国不被重视甚至不存在的学科也在此影响下得到发展，中国传统学术的基本框架“经、史、子、集”完全被打破，许多传统的学术受到西学的冲击，有的逐渐没落，有的吸收西方学术而加以改进，到民国时期，整个西方式的学术体系架构大致成型。

@@ Line 683: / Line 683: @@
 .陆上丝绸之路起源于西汉（前202年—8年）汉武帝派张骞出使西域开辟的以首都长安（今西安）为起点，经甘肃、新疆，到中亚、西亚，并连接地中海各国的陆上通道。
-The land Silk Road originated in the Western Han Dynasty (202 B.C-8 Century) when Emperor Wu sent Zhang Qian to the West to open up a land route starting from the capital Chang’an (now Xi’an), through Gansu and Xinjiang, to Central Asia and West Asia, and connecting the Mediterranean countries.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 06:54, 28 December 2020 (UTC)
+The land Silk Road originated in the Western Han Dynasty (202 B.C-8 A.D) when Emperor Wu sent Zhang Qian to the West to open up a land route starting from the capital Chang’an (now Xi’an), through Gansu and Xinjiang, to Central Asia and West Asia, and connecting the Mediterranean countries.--[[User:Tang Yiran1|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1|talk]]) 06:54, 28 December 2020 (UTC)
 .海上丝路萌芽于商周，发展于春秋战国，形成于秦汉，兴于唐宋，转变于明清，是已知最为古老的海上航线。

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:54, 28 December 2020
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	==Tang Yiran 汤伊然==		==Tang Yiran 汤伊然==
		+
		+	1.陆上丝绸之路起源于西汉（前202年—8年）汉武帝派张骞出使西域开辟的以首都长安（今西安）为起点，经甘肃、新疆，到中亚、西亚，并连接地中海各国的陆上通道。
		+
		+	The land Silk Road originated in the Western Han Dynasty (202 B.C-8 Century) when Emperor Wu sent Zhang Qian to the West to open up a land route starting from the capital Chang’an (now Xi’an), through Gansu and Xinjiang, to Central Asia and West Asia, and connecting the Mediterranean countries.--[[User:Tang Yiran1\|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1\|talk]]) 06:54, 28 December 2020 (UTC)
		+
		+	2.海上丝路萌芽于商周，发展于春秋战国，形成于秦汉，兴于唐宋，转变于明清，是已知最为古老的海上航线。
		+
		+	The Maritime Silk Road sprouted in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, developed in the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States, formed in the Qin and Han Dynasties, flourished in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and transformed in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and is the oldest known sea route.--[[User:Tang Yiran1\|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1\|talk]]) 06:54, 28 December 2020 (UTC)
		+
		+	3.西学东渐，是指从明朝后期到近代的西方学术思想向中国传播的历史过程。
		+
		+	The Westernization Movement is the historical process of spreading Western academic ideas to China from the late Ming Dynasty to modern times.--[[User:Tang Yiran1\|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1\|talk]]) 06:54, 28 December 2020 (UTC)
		+
		+	4.洋务运动，又称自强运动。是19世纪60年代到90年代晚清洋务派所进行的一场引进西方军事装备、机器生产和科学技术以挽救清朝统治的自救运动。
		+
		+	The Westernization Movement, also known as the Self-Strengthening Movement. It was aimed to introduce revitalize the late Qing Dynasty from the 1860s to the 1990s by introducing Western military equipment, machine production, and science and technology.--[[User:Tang Yiran1\|Tang Yiran1]] ([[User talk:Tang Yiran1\|talk]]) 06:54, 28 December 2020 (UTC)

	==Wang Meiling 王美玲==		==Wang Meiling 王美玲==