20210601 culture2 - Revision history

Guo YaBo: /* The production of the kite */

2021-07-14T02:58:03Z

The production of the kite

Guo YaBo: /* Introduction */

2021-07-14T02:56:56Z

Introduction

Root: /* Introduction */

2021-07-13T17:49:24Z

Introduction

Root: /* Primary Education */

2021-07-13T17:39:28Z

Primary Education

Root: /* Introduction */

2021-07-05T19:20:17Z

Introduction

Root: /* Guō Yàbō 郭亚波 */

2021-06-16T08:03:10Z

Guō Yàbō 郭亚波

Huang Xiaolan: /* Huáng Lìpèi 黄沥霈 Modern Chinese Education System */

2021-06-16T07:33:12Z

Huáng Lìpèi 黄沥霈 Modern Chinese Education System

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Huang Xiaolan: /* Huáng Lìpèi 黄沥霈 Modern Chinese Education System */

2021-06-16T05:07:10Z

Huáng Lìpèi 黄沥霈 Modern Chinese Education System

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Huang Xiaolan: /* Huáng Lìpèi 黄沥霈 Modern Chinese Education System */

2021-06-16T04:57:53Z

Huáng Lìpèi 黄沥霈 Modern Chinese Education System

Huang Xiaolan: /* Huáng Lìpèi 黄沥霈 Modern Chinese Education System */

2021-06-16T04:55:30Z

Huáng Lìpèi 黄沥霈 Modern Chinese Education System

@@ Line 50: / Line 50: @@
 Initially, kites were often used as military tools to spread messages and measure the wind direction in the sky. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Lu Ban "made wooden kite to spy on Song city". In the Tang Dynasty, kites played a prominent role in entertainment and became popular at the court and among the people. Due to the frequent communication with foreign countries in the Tang Dynasty, kites were also introduced to neighboring countries such as Korea and Japan. In the following dynasties, people took kite flying as one of the main means of physical exercise.
 ===The production of the kite===
-The traditional Chinese kite flying skills are summarized in four words: tying, gluing, painting and flying, namely, tying the frame, gluing the paper, painting the flowers and flying the kite. Tying includes declaring, splitting, bending, cutting and joining. Gluing includes selecting, cutting, gluing, edging and schooling. Gluing includes selecting, cutting, edging and revising. Painting includes coloring, base, tracing, dyeing and repairing. Flying includes wind, line, release, adjustment and collection. In May 2006, kite making skills were listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage. (Duan Meilin)
+The traditional Chinese kite flying skills are summarized in four words: tying, gluing, painting and flying, namely, tying the frame, gluing the paper, painting the flowers and flying the kite. Tying includes declaring, splitting, bending, cutting and joining. Gluing includes selecting, cutting, gluing, edging and schooling. Gluing includes selecting, cutting, edging and revising. Painting includes coloring, base, tracing, dyeing and repairing. Flying includes wind, line, release, adjustment and collection. In May 2006, kite making skills were listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage. (Duan Meilin, 1)
 =='''The types of kite'''==

@@ Line 25: / Line 25: @@
 [[File:5e6a3114dd7e3508adb9b1598b0d2d155.jpg|200px|thumb|left|kite]]
-Kite flying has a long history in China, and it has been a long-standing sport to this day. Kites can be seen flying in parks, squares and open grasslands, and the various shapes of kites are spectacular, adding much fun to people's leisure time. At the same time, as a traditional national sport, kite flying is deeply imprinted with Chinese culture, fully expressing people's beautiful aspirations and fitness interests, and rich in national characteristics and local flavor. As a kind of folklore, kite flying is a kind of game and recreational activity for the purpose of leisure and physical and mental conditioning, so that people can rest after their work and benefit their physical fitness, mental and emotional, creativity and moral sense. (Ma Chenjun, Zhao Fangke)
+Kite flying has a long history in China, and it has been a long-standing sport to this day. Kites can be seen flying in parks, squares and open grasslands, and the various shapes of kites are spectacular, adding much fun to people's leisure time. At the same time, as a traditional national sport, kite flying is deeply imprinted with Chinese culture, fully expressing people's beautiful aspirations and fitness interests, and rich in national characteristics and local flavor. As a kind of folklore, kite flying is a kind of game and recreational activity for the purpose of leisure and physical and mental conditioning, so that people can rest after their work and benefit their physical fitness, mental and emotional, creativity and moral sense. (Ma Chenjun, Zhao Fangke, 1)
 The origin and development of the kite
@@ Line 43: / Line 43: @@
 Kite flying as a folk game and entertainment is an important part of folklore activities. In ancient times, people first flew kites to let go of bad luck and it was an outdoor activity with witchcraft meaning, and it was not for entertaining. Once the game was a cultural necessity to regulate social life, it was born with an entertainment meaning. Entertainment is one of the prerequisites for the emergence of kite flying. Kite flying not only adds interest to people's life, but also makes people's educational activities effective and enhanced in a pleasant situation.
-In the biography of Li Ye in the Records of the Five Dynasties, there is a record of the history of the Emperor and other people guessing riddles and flying kites in the palace. In addition, Li Ye made a paper kite game in the palace and made a flute out of bamboo and tied it to the head of the paper kite. When it flew in the air, with the wind springing up, it sounded like that someone is playing Chinese zither, thus the name "kite" was given. It can be seen that kites originated from the leisure activities of ancient people. (Ma Chenjun, Zhao Fangke)
+In the biography of Li Ye in the Records of the Five Dynasties, there is a record of the history of the Emperor and other people guessing riddles and flying kites in the palace. In addition, Li Ye made a paper kite game in the palace and made a flute out of bamboo and tied it to the head of the paper kite. When it flew in the air, with the wind springing up, it sounded like that someone is playing Chinese zither, thus the name "kite" was given. It can be seen that kites originated from the leisure activities of ancient people. (Ma Chenjun, Zhao Fangke, 1)
 =='''The use and production of kites'''==

@@ Line 360: / Line 360: @@
-Flower-drum opera (Huagu Opera) is the general term for "flower-drum" in various local small plays in China, which is mainly spread in Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Zhejiang, and other places. It is one of the opera drams developed on the basis of folk songs, minors, labor chants, and various local flower-drums (including flower-drum beaten, field flower-drum — flower-drum lantern).
+Flower-drum opera (Huagu Opera) is the general term for "flower-drum" in various local small plays in China, which is mainly spread in Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Zhejiang, and other places. It is one of the opera dramas developed on the basis of folk songs, minors, labor chants, and various local flower-drums (including flower-drum beaten, field flower-drum — flower-drum lantern).
 At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Fan Wenruo's legendary works described the drama scene of singing the flower-drum, showing the original appearance of this art form. In the course of practice, it drew on the performance mode of local dramas, absorbed various artistic factors, and eventually developed into an independent local opera genre.
 Hunan flower-drum opera is sung in Hunan dialect, with a total of 123 traditional repertoires. It is popular in central Hunan, eastern Hunan, and Dongting Lake areas.
 ===Origin and Development===

@@ Line 224: / Line 224: @@
 ==Primary Education==
-At the age of six(seven in some areas), children begin primary school education. In China, primary school education is compulsory and it lasts 6 years. The most common language of instruction in elementary schools is Mandarin, the main official language of China. In some regions where the majority of students are ethnic minorities, instruction is offered in both Mandarin and the dominant local language. A typical school year is comprised of two semesters and usually starts in September and lasts about 9 months. Students attend classes five days a week and the curriculum includeds nine compulsory courses such as Chinese, Mathematics, Social Studies, PE (physical education), Music, Art, Science, Political Education and Labor Skills with a foreign language as an elective. In order to graduate, all students are required to pass graduation examinations in the subjects of Chinese and Mathematics, along with meeting physical education standards. The examinations are normally designed and administered by schools with guidance from local educational authorities. Students move on to 3-year junior secondary schools after graduating from primary schools. (Scholaro, n.d.; Kevin Lam, 2011)
+At the age of six(seven in some areas), children begin primary school education. In China, primary school education is compulsory and it lasts 6 years. The most common language of instruction in elementary schools is Mandarin, the main official language of China. In some regions where the majority of students are ethnic minorities, instruction is offered in both Mandarin and the dominant local language. A typical school year is comprised of two semesters and usually starts in September and lasts about 9 months. Students attend classes five days a week and the curriculum includes nine compulsory courses such as Chinese, Mathematics, Social Studies, PE (physical education), Music, Art, Science, Political Education and Labor Skills with a foreign language as an elective. In order to graduate, all students are required to pass graduation examinations in the subjects of Chinese and Mathematics, along with meeting physical education standards. The examinations are normally designed and administered by schools with guidance from local educational authorities. Students move on to 3-year junior secondary schools after graduating from primary schools. (Scholaro, n.d.; Kevin Lam, 2011)
 --[[User:Huang Xiaolan|Huang Xiaolan]] ([[User talk:Huang Xiaolan|talk]]) 04:50, 16 June 2021 (UTC)

@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 The origin and development of the kite
-As the only country in the world with an unbroken civilization, China's long history and cultural the splendor of its culture is unparalleled. As an integral part of ancient Chinese civilization, China is also the home of kites. In his History of Chinese Science and Technology, the famous modern Chinese historian Joseph Lee listed kites as one of the important scientific inventions of the Chinese people to mankind.
+As an integral part of ancient Chinese civilization, China is also the home of kites. In his History of Chinese Science and Technology, the famous modern Chinese historian Joseph Lee listed kites as one of the important scientific inventions of the Chinese people to mankind.
 ===Invented by Mozi===

@@ Line 26: / Line 26: @@
 Kite flying has a long history in China, and it has been a long-standing sport to this day. Kites can be seen flying in parks, squares and open grasslands, and the various shapes of kites are spectacular, adding much fun to people's leisure time. At the same time, as a traditional national sport, kite flying is deeply imprinted with Chinese culture, fully expressing people's beautiful aspirations and fitness interests, and rich in national characteristics and local flavor. As a kind of folklore, kite flying is a kind of game and recreational activity for the purpose of leisure and physical and mental conditioning, so that people can rest after their work and benefit their physical fitness, mental and emotional, creativity and moral sense. (Ma Chenjun, Zhao Fangke)
-the origin and development of kite
 As the only country in the world with an unbroken civilization, China's long history and cultural the splendor of its culture is unparalleled. As an integral part of ancient Chinese civilization, China is also the home of kites. In his History of Chinese Science and Technology, the famous modern Chinese historian Joseph Lee listed kites as one of the important scientific inventions of the Chinese people to mankind.
@@ Line 43: / Line 45: @@
 In the biography of Li Ye in the Records of the Five Dynasties, there is a record of the history of the Emperor and other people guessing riddles and flying kites in the palace. In addition, Li Ye made a paper kite game in the palace and made a flute out of bamboo and tied it to the head of the paper kite. When it flew in the air, with the wind springing up, it sounded like that someone is playing Chinese zither, thus the name "kite" was given. It can be seen that kites originated from the leisure activities of ancient people. (Ma Chenjun, Zhao Fangke)
-=='''The use and production of kite'''==
+=='''The use and production of kites'''==
-===The use of kite===
+===The use of the kite===
 Initially, kites were often used as military tools to spread messages and measure the wind direction in the sky. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Lu Ban "made wooden kite to spy on Song city". In the Tang Dynasty, kites played a prominent role in entertainment and became popular at the court and among the people. Due to the frequent communication with foreign countries in the Tang Dynasty, kites were also introduced to neighboring countries such as Korea and Japan. In the following dynasties, people took kite flying as one of the main means of physical exercise.
-===The production of kite===
+===The production of the kite===
 The traditional Chinese kite flying skills are summarized in four words: tying, gluing, painting and flying, namely, tying the frame, gluing the paper, painting the flowers and flying the kite. Tying includes declaring, splitting, bending, cutting and joining. Gluing includes selecting, cutting, gluing, edging and schooling. Gluing includes selecting, cutting, edging and revising. Painting includes coloring, base, tracing, dyeing and repairing. Flying includes wind, line, release, adjustment and collection. In May 2006, kite making skills were listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage. (Duan Meilin)
 =='''The types of kite'''==
-===Fighter kite===
+===The fighter kite===
 Fighter kites are kites used for the sport of kite fighting. Traditionally most are small, unstable single line flat kites where line tension alone is used for control, and an abrasive line is used to cut down the string of other kites.
-===Indoor kite===
+===The indoor kite===
 Indoor kites are kites designed to fly in a windless environment. While principally designed for indoor use, they can also be flown outdoors when insufficient wind would render conventional kite-flying impossible. They are flown by using the relative wind provided by the motion of the kite-flier. This motion is typically generated by the user walking slowly backwards (and often within a circle), but it can also be achieved with suitable pulls and jerks along the kite lines.
-===Man-lifting kite===
+===The man-lifting kite===
 A man-lifting kite is a kite designed to lift a person from the ground. Historically, man-lifting kites have been used chiefly for reconnaissance and entertainment. Interest in their development declined with the advent of powered flight at the beginning of the 20th century.
-===Inflatable single-line kite===
+===The inflatable single-line kite===
 [[File:img_dlZzMWNpWHNOUXFEREM2NDhrWUdYa25xVzBRb2xSdFBUZlFxS2ROZldVSE0xQXA1UnU3b3JRPT0.jpg|200px|thumb|right|inflatable single-line kite]]
@@ Line 73: / Line 74: @@
 =='''References'''==
-[1]Ma Chenjun, Zhao Fangke麻晨俊,赵方珂.(2011).风筝运动源与流[The Origin and Development of the Kite Sport].
+[1] Ma Chenjun, Zhao Fangke麻晨俊,赵方珂.(2011).风筝运动源与流[The Origin and Development of the Kite Sport].
-[2]Duan Meilin段美玲.(2014).风筝史料考略[A Brief History of Kite].
+[2] Duan Meilin 段美玲.(2014).风筝史料考略[A Brief History of Kite].
 [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kite
@@ Line 117: / Line 118: @@
 =='''Questions'''==
-.How kite got its name?
+. How did the kite got its name?
-.What are the four words of the kite flying skills of the traditional Chinese kite?
+. What are the four words of the kite flying skills of the traditional Chinese kite?
-.What are the types of kite?
+. What are the types of kite?
 =='''Answers'''==
-.By the sound it makes when it is flying in the sky.
+. By the sound it makes when it is flying in the sky.
-.Tying, gluing, painting and flying.
+. Tying, gluing, painting and flying.
-.Fighter kite, indoor kite, man-lifting kite, inflatable single-line kite.
+. Fighter kite, indoor kite, man-lifting kite, inflatable single-line kite.
 =Huáng Fāngfāng 黄芳芳 Crying marriage of Tujia=

@@ Line 212: / Line 212: @@
 Starting from the late Qing dynasty, to the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 to the reform and opening-up policy in 1978, till today, China’s modern education reform and development has lasted for over a hundred years and has made huge progress and achievements. China has established a modern education system, one of the largest in the world, with its own Chinese characteristics.（Lijia Guo, et al., 2019）
-China’s modern education reform and development has lasted for over a hundred years → China's modern education reform and development have lasted for over a hundred years --[[User:Huang Xiaolan|Huang Xiaolan]] ([[User talk:Huang Xiaolan|talk]]) 04:50, 16 June 2021 (UTC)
+<span style="color:blue">China’s modern education reform and development has lasted for over a hundred years → China's modern education reform and development have lasted for over a hundred years </span> --[[User:Huang Xiaolan|Huang Xiaolan]] ([[User talk:Huang Xiaolan|talk]]) 04:50, 16 June 2021 (UTC)
 The basic educational system adopted in China is a school education system including pre-school