20220630 Culture 14 - Revision history

Zhang Minfeng: /* 英语口译张旻丰 Zhang Minfeng 202170081631 */

2022-09-18T18:05:06Z

英语口译张旻丰 Zhang Minfeng 202170081631

Zhang Minfeng: /* 英语口译张旻丰 Zhang Minfeng 202170081631 */

2022-09-18T18:02:01Z

英语口译张旻丰 Zhang Minfeng 202170081631

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Zhang Minfeng: /* 英语口译张旻丰 Zhang Minfeng 202170081631 */

2022-09-18T17:56:05Z

英语口译张旻丰 Zhang Minfeng 202170081631

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Zhang Jingzhi: /* 英语口译张静芝 Zhang Jingzhi 202170081630 */

2022-07-20T06:52:39Z

英语口译张静芝 Zhang Jingzhi 202170081630

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Zhang Jingzhi: /* 英语口译张静芝 Zhang Jingzhi 202170081630 */

2022-07-20T06:48:56Z

英语口译张静芝 Zhang Jingzhi 202170081630

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Zhang Jingzhi: /* 英语口译张静芝 Zhang Jingzhi 202170081630 */

2022-07-20T06:10:29Z

英语口译张静芝 Zhang Jingzhi 202170081630

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Cao Mengran: /* Abstract */

2022-07-08T04:23:08Z

Abstract

Cao Mengran: /* Terms and Expressions */

2022-07-08T04:22:27Z

Terms and Expressions

Cao Mengran: /* References */

2022-07-08T04:21:53Z

References

Cao Mengran: /* Answers */

2022-07-08T04:20:31Z

Answers

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 '''Meanig Contrast between piece马and Knight'''
 Both piece马and Knight are important pieces in those two sorts of chess, and they are perfectly acceptable that these pieces are widely used as cavalry. Why? According to Ancient Chinese Dictionary (2005), the Chinese character马just has two ancient meanings, the first one means a kind of beast and the second one is chip which is also written as码in Chinese. Unfortunately, there is no ideal meaning referring to cavalry from those two meanings. Through categorization, some words and expressions are classified into several groups. The characteristic of马is seen as the basic category, after classifying, the related words and expressions of马in battle, in temper, in relationship with people, status and others are regarded as subordinate categories. Adding mental analysis to these subordinate categories groups, one of those showing up the similar meaning to the symbolic meaning on chessboard, namely cavalry, is picked up. These words and expressions in the group are list as follows:金戈铁马，马革裹尸，厉兵袜马，单枪匹马，千军万马，兵荒马乱，戎马控惚，戎马生涯，招兵买马，兵强马壮，马军，战马.From these Chinese words and expressions, it is clear when the piece term马is used as cavalry. However about the international chess piece
 Knight?
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 '''Meaning Contrast between 車and Rook'''
 Both of the piece車and the Rook are the most effective and direct type of piece on chessboard. But what do they stand for in battlefield? As the matter of fact, they are respectively regarded as chariot in the Chinese chess and siege tower in the international chess. Let's take a look at the definition of these two piece terms. In Ancient Chinese Dictionary, 車has three meanings. The first one means vehicle, then the second one represents windlass, and the last one is a verb which means to use windlass to do something. Obviously, in the international chess, the piece shape of piece Rook signifies the chariot, but in fact, the piece Rook signifies another kind of chariot, that is siege tower according to records, and that shape is just what the piece Rook stands for in real battlefield. As to the Chinese chess, the first definition of車is supposed to be used on the chessboard. But what kind of vehicle does車stand for? Through the categorizing, the words and expressions of車are divided into several groups which are seen as subordinate categories, the function of vehicle, the carrying capacity of vehicle, the value of vehicle, the prosperity of some place and so on. Since the Chinese chessboard is seen as a battlefield, the piece車should be regarded as the chariot which belongs to the subordinate category which is the function of vehicle including战车，兵车，马车，炮车，独轮车，敞篷车and so on. While, in Longman Dictionary, Rook only refers to itself which equals to Chinese chess車which means a kind of chariot for attacking, and as WIKIPEDIA says the piece Rook signifies siege tower initially.
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 '''Meaning Contrast between piece 卒/兵and pawn'''
 The piece卒/兵and piece Pawn are the largest number of pieces in the Chinese chess and international chess, and their symbolic meaning of both denote soldiers on the chessboard. In Ancient Chinese Dictionary，兵just means weapons, meanwhile，卒
 has three definitions which are infantry or soldier, the second is a unit and the last one
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 '''Meaning Contrast between piece 相/象and Bishop'''
 In Ancient Chinese Dictionary，the piece term相owns five meanings and the first two meanings are verbs, the first means to examine something carefully in order to find out more about it, such as相风水，the second one means to assist or help somebody such as，管仲相桓公，and then the third one stands for a person who masters the ceremonies, and the fourth one refers to song as a noun and the last one which is a adverb stands for doing or experiencing something by two people, such as互相.At the same time,the other piece term象has four meanings, the first one refers to elephant, the second means scene, such as景象，the next signifies portrait such as肖像，and the last meaning is a verb referring to imitation.
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 '''Meaning Contrast between 将/帅and King'''
 As an ancient chess with long-term history, the Chinese chess has two similar and important pieces, the piece将and piece帅.And the meaning of piece term将is equal to the piece term帅in Chinese chess，but they belong to opposite side.
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 '''Meaning Contrast between 仕/士and Queen'''
 As for the piece term仕/士，these two Chinese characters stand for the same meaning, and just used for different sides. From the views of some scholars, these two pieces are admitted as the similar ones as the piece queen, but not totally identical due to different cultural and social backgrounds. In Ancient Chinese Dictionary the piece term士has five meanings, the first one means the laudatory title of man, the second refers to the lowest nobility, the third one denotes intellectuals, the forth one signifies the office of jail and the final one means soldier who is used to be on the chariot to fight against enemies which is different from卒，because卒refers to the soldier who used to fight on foot. At the same time, the piece term仕only has three meanings, the first meaning is equal to that of piece term士，namely intellectuals, and the second denotes officer, then the third one represents maid in a imperial palace.
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 '''Meaning of piece炮/砲'''
 The meaning of piece term炮is equal to piece term 砲which is the particular piece for Chinese chess in contrast to international chess. In Ancient Chinese Dictionary炮/砲only has one meaning which means artillery which can be used to express its symbolic meaning on chessboard.

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 In Chinese history, the embroidered red dresses, the phoenix coronet & colorful embroidered capes and the red head kerchiefs that Han people wore on their wedding ceremony were customized-made in Qing dynasty and early Minguo. The wedding dresses in Ming dynasty made the phoenix coronet & colorful embroidered capes and the red head kerchiefs, etc. popular in Han dynasty for 500 years. But the New Cultural revolution, the Cultural Revolution and the opening reform in recent and contemporary ages made the Chinese traditional wedding culture change a lot, and some are almost disappeared. Today, the Chinese traditional wedding and traditional wedding dresses became popular, but the confusion is which dynasty that the Chinese traditional wedding dresses of Han nationality can be dated. To study the evolution of Chinese traditional wedding dresses from Ming dynasty to today is to make modern people know more about Chinese traditional wedding dresses of Han nationality, to enlighten the designers today and make them creative and thoughtful to design Chinese traditional wedding dresses .
-===Key words=== Traditional wedding dresses in Han nationality; The phoenix coronet& colorful
+===Key words===
-embroidered cape; wedding accessories
+Traditional wedding dresses in Han nationality; The phoenix coronet& colorful
 ===Introduction===
 When it comes to Chinese wedding dresses, not only foreigners but also most Chinese people are believed to be very unfamiliar with it. What should Chinese wedding dresses look like? Why is the Chinese wedding dress worn by modern people different from the feudal era? What is the "phoenix coronet & colorful embroidered capes" that is mentioned in the book? The wedding dress is a microcosm of the entire Chinese culture. As China's internal turmoil and various cultures spread and developed in the modern era, the wedding dress has changed its look, introduced different elements, been abandoned, and has been rediscovered in modern times. To understand the look of wedding dress, we must look at it from a historical perspective.

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 ===Terms and Expressions===
 凤冠 phoenix coronet
 霞帔 colorful embroidered capes
 点翠  Kingfisher feather art
 马褂  mandarin jacket
 马面裙 horse face dress
 秀禾服  xiuhe dress
 ===Questions===
 When did Chinese wedding dresses start to revere red?

@@ Line 453: / Line 453: @@
 ===References===
 [1] 王宏付.民国时期上海婚礼服中的“西化”元素[J].装饰，2006，（5）
 [2] 徐莉.试论婚礼服饰的变迁[J].北京城市学院学报，2006，（3）
 [3] 姚君洲.论女性婚礼服在中国的发展趋势[J]，徐州教育学院学报，2001，16（01）
 [4]许星.苏州地区民间传统婚礼仪俗及衣着饰物探析[J].装饰，2006，（3）：97
 [5]史林.对白色婚礼服流行的几点思考[J].苏州丝绸工学院学报，1996，3（1）
 [6] 邓雅，梁惠娥.探源中华婚礼服饰[J].辽宁丝绸，2007，（4）
 [7] 孟萍萍.中国传统婚礼服民族特性的表现[J].广西轻工业，2007，23（5）
 [8] 许星.中国古代民间婚礼仪俗中的着装风格初探[J].苏州丝绸工学院学报，1998，18
 （6）
 [9] 陈莉娴，林柏芯，唐诗韵等．香港都市人之古今婚俗[R]．中国文化考察报告，1999
 [10] 香港博物館．本地华人传统婚礼．香港市政局．1986
 [11] 周锡保．中国古代服饰史．中国戏剧出版社[M]，1984
 ===Terms and Expressions===

@@ Line 481: / Line 481: @@
 ===Answers===
 . The beginning of the Ming Dynasty
 . Changes in the dominant ideology and the constraints of productivity level
-. The popular coat and skirt of the Qing Dynasty

20220630 Culture 14 - Revision history

Zhang Minfeng: /* 英语口译 张旻丰 Zhang Minfeng 202170081631 */

Zhang Minfeng: /* 英语口译 张旻丰 Zhang Minfeng 202170081631 */

Zhang Minfeng: /* 英语口译 张旻丰 Zhang Minfeng 202170081631 */

Zhang Jingzhi: /* 英语口译 张静芝 Zhang Jingzhi 202170081630 */

Zhang Jingzhi: /* 英语口译 张静芝 Zhang Jingzhi 202170081630 */

Zhang Jingzhi: /* 英语口译 张静芝 Zhang Jingzhi 202170081630 */

Cao Mengran: /* Abstract */

Cao Mengran: /* Terms and Expressions */

Cao Mengran: /* References */

Cao Mengran: /* Answers */

Zhang Minfeng: /* 英语口译张旻丰 Zhang Minfeng 202170081631 */

Zhang Minfeng: /* 英语口译张旻丰 Zhang Minfeng 202170081631 */

Zhang Minfeng: /* 英语口译张旻丰 Zhang Minfeng 202170081631 */

Zhang Jingzhi: /* 英语口译张静芝 Zhang Jingzhi 202170081630 */

Zhang Jingzhi: /* 英语口译张静芝 Zhang Jingzhi 202170081630 */

Zhang Jingzhi: /* 英语口译张静芝 Zhang Jingzhi 202170081630 */