20221231 LangCult 6 - Revision history

Wang Zhiling: /* 202270081656 王智灵 Wang Zhiling 英语笔译(English translation) */

2022-12-31T14:35:36Z

202270081656 王智灵 Wang Zhiling 英语笔译(English translation)

Wu Min: /* 202270081658 吴敏 Wu Min 英语笔译(English translation) */

2022-12-31T14:18:39Z

202270081658 吴敏 Wu Min 英语笔译(English translation)

Wang Zhiling: /* 202270081656 王智灵 Wang Zhiling 英语笔译(English translation) */

2022-12-31T14:13:59Z

202270081656 王智灵 Wang Zhiling 英语笔译(English translation)

Wang Zhiling: /* 202270081656 王智灵 Wang Zhiling 英语笔译(English translation) */

2022-12-31T13:36:57Z

202270081656 王智灵 Wang Zhiling 英语笔译(English translation)

Wang Zhiling: /* 202270081656 王智灵 Wang Zhiling 英语笔译(English translation) */

2022-12-31T12:40:46Z

202270081656 王智灵 Wang Zhiling 英语笔译(English translation)

Wang Zhiling: /* = = Answers = = */

2022-12-31T11:58:01Z

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Wang Zhiling: /* = = Questions = = */

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= = Questions = =

Wang Zhiling: /* = = Terms and Expressions = = */

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Wang Zhiling: /* = = References = = */

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Wang Zhiling: /* = = Conclusion = = */

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 ===Conclusion===
 China is a country of vast territory, so the styles of New Year pictures vary from north to south. New Year pictures symbolize good fortune, auspiciousness and festivity. They are widely loved by people not only for their artistic values but also for their cultural values, which demonstrate people's yearning for a better life.
 ===References===
@@ Line 376: / Line 375: @@
 C.landscpae, flowers and birds
 D.auspicious patterns
 ===Answers===

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 =202270081658 吴敏 Wu Min 英语笔译(English translation)=
-Chinese Kung Fu
+Double Reduction Policy
 =202270081657 巫佳琳 Wu Jialin 英语笔译(English translation)=

@@ Line 275: / Line 275: @@
 =202270081656 王智灵 Wang Zhiling 英语笔译(English translation)=
 ==New Year Pictures==
-< c e n t e r > 王智灵, 202270081656. < / c e n t e r >
+<center>王智灵, 202270081656.</center>
 ===Abstract===
-New Year pictures, which usually symbolize good fortune, auspiciousness, and festivity, are China’s traditional folk art. This thesis first gives an introduction to the four famous producing areas of woodcut New Year pictures in China, then discover the contents of New Year pictures, and finally concludes the cultural connotation and values of New Year pictures.
+New Year pictures, which usually symbolize good fortune, auspiciousness, and festivity, are China’s traditional folk art. This thesis first gives an introduction to the four famous producing areas of woodcut New Year pictures in China, then discover the contents of New Year pictures, and finally concludes the cultural values of New Year pictures.
 ===Key Words===
@@ Line 286: / Line 286: @@
 ===1.The Four Famous Producing Areas of Woodcut===
-China is a country of vast territory, so the styles of New Year pictures vary from north to south. Yangliuqing in Tian Jing Municipality, Yangjiabu in Weifang City, Shandong Province, Taohuawu in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, and Mianzhu City, Sichuan province are the four famous producing areas of woodcut New Year pictures in China.
+Yangliuqing in Tian Jing Municipality, Yangjiabu in Weifang City, Shandong Province, Taohuawu in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, and Mianzhu City, Sichuan province are the four famous producing areas of woodcut New Year pictures in China.
 ====1.1 Yangliuqing New Year Pictures====
-Yangliuqing is a small town located in the southwestern outskirts of Tianjin. About 300 years ago, its New Year pictures began to enjoy great fame, with every family adept at creating this particular genre of painting. Yangliuqing New Year Pictures adopt the method of xylograph overprinting combined with hand-painted color, hence establishing its distinctive feature of “half printing, half painting.” The process goes like this:1) carve designs out of wood;2)print the pictures;3) color the pictures; and 4) mount the pictures. All pictures are handmade paintings rather than mass-produced products, and all evoke traces of the woodcut and the feel of brushwork. With exquisite craftsmanship, Yangliuqing New Year pictures are very popular with Chinese people.(Ye and Zhu, 249)
+Yangliuqing is a small town located in the southwestern outskirts of Tianjin. About 300 years ago, its New Year pictures began to enjoy great fame, with every family adept at creating this particular genre of painting. Yangliuqing New Year Pictures adopt the method of xylograph overprinting combined with hand-painted color, hence establishing its distinctive feature of “half printing, half painting.” The process goes like this:1) carve designs out of wood;2)print the pictures;3) color the pictures; and 4) mount the pictures. All pictures are handmade paintings rather than mass-produced products, and all evoke traces of the woodcut and the feel of brushwork. With exquisite craftsmanship, Yangliuqing New Year pictures are very popular with Chinese people.(Ye and Zhu 2008:249)
 ====1.2 Taohuawu New Year pictures====
-Taohuawu New Year pictures, produced using traditional techniques of watercolor block printing, are characteristic of the delicate and gentle style in areas south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Thematically, the pictures draw much from the paintings of literati as well as folk stories; while artistically, most are scholarly and refined, unlike the heavy and resplendent style of the Yangliuqing pictures. Taohuawu New Year pictures once spread to Japan and exerted a certain influence on Japanese ukiyoe paintings. About 300 years ago, Taohuawu New Year pictures began learning from the style of Western bronze carvings, as well as the use of shadow. Celebrated for its pure and attractive images of women, Taohuawu New Year pictures enjoy great popularity among the Chinese people.(Ye and Zhu, 250)
+Taohuawu New Year pictures, produced using traditional techniques of watercolor block printing, are characteristic of the delicate and gentle style in areas south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Thematically, the pictures draw much from the paintings of literati as well as folk stories; while artistically, most are scholarly and refined, unlike the heavy and resplendent style of the Yangliuqing pictures. Taohuawu New Year pictures once spread to Japan and exerted a certain influence on Japanese ukiyoe paintings. About 300 years ago, Taohuawu New Year pictures began learning from the style of Western bronze carvings, as well as the use of shadow. Celebrated for its pure and attractive images of women, Taohuawu New Year pictures enjoy great popularity among the Chinese people.(Ye and Zhu 2008:250)
 ====1.3 Yangjiabu New Year pictures====
@@ Line 319: / Line 319: @@
 ===Conclusion===
 ===References===
 Lan Guanglin, 蓝光琳. 《民间年画》. 北京：中国轻工业出版社，2005.
 Ye Lang, and Zhu Liangzhi, 叶朗，朱良志. 《中国文化读本》. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2008：249-250.
 Tian Xiaohang, 田小杭. 《中国传统工艺全集. 民间手工艺》. 郑州：大象出版社，2007：371-373.

@@ Line 285: / Line 285: @@
 Spring Festival is the most important traditional festival in China. People celebrate it in the countryside or in the city with lanterns and streamers. New Year pictures, representing a variety of China’s traditional folk arts, are an indispensable part of this celebration for each and every household. People put up New Year pictures in their homes to decorate the environment and enhance the lively festival atmosphere. Most New Year pictures symbolize good fortune, auspiciousness, and festivity in the New Year. As a kind of handicraft reflecting people's feelings and beautifying their lives, New Year pictures are widely welcomed by the people.
-===The Four Famous Producing Areas of Woodcut===
+===1.The Four Famous Producing Areas of Woodcut===
 China is a country of vast territory, so the styles of New Year pictures vary from north to south. Yangliuqing in Tian Jing Municipality, Yangjiabu in Weifang City, Shandong Province, Taohuawu in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, and Mianzhu City, Sichuan province are the four famous producing areas of woodcut New Year pictures in China.
-====Yangliuqing New Year Pictures====
+====1.1 Yangliuqing New Year Pictures====
-Yangliuqing is a small town located in the southwestern outskirts of Tianjin. About 300 years ago, its New Year pictures began to enjoy great fame, with every family adept at creating this particular genre of painting. Yangliuqing New Year Pictures adopt the method of xylograph overprinting combined with hand-painted color, hence establishing its distinctive feature of “half printing, half painting.” The process goes like this:1) carve designs out of wood;2)print the pictures;3) color the pictures; and 4) mount the pictures. All pictures are handmade paintings rather than mass-produced products, and all evoke traces of the woodcut and the feel of brushwork. With exquisite craftsmanship, Yangliuqing New Year pictures are very popular with Chinese people.
+Yangliuqing is a small town located in the southwestern outskirts of Tianjin. About 300 years ago, its New Year pictures began to enjoy great fame, with every family adept at creating this particular genre of painting. Yangliuqing New Year Pictures adopt the method of xylograph overprinting combined with hand-painted color, hence establishing its distinctive feature of “half printing, half painting.” The process goes like this:1) carve designs out of wood;2)print the pictures;3) color the pictures; and 4) mount the pictures. All pictures are handmade paintings rather than mass-produced products, and all evoke traces of the woodcut and the feel of brushwork. With exquisite craftsmanship, Yangliuqing New Year pictures are very popular with Chinese people.(Ye and Zhu, 249)
-====Taohuawu New Year pictures====
+====1.2 Taohuawu New Year pictures====
-Taohuawu New Year pictures, produced using traditional techniques of watercolor block printing, are characteristic of the delicate and gentle style in areas south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Thematically, the pictures draw much from the paintings of literati as well as folk stories; while artistically, most are scholarly and refined, unlike the heavy and resplendent style of the Yangliuqing pictures. Taohuawu New Year pictures once spread to Japan and exerted a certain influence on Japanese ukiyoe paintings. About 300 years ago, Taohuawu New Year pictures began learning from the style of Western bronze carvings, as well as the use of shadow. Celebrated for its pure and attractive images of women, Taohuawu New Year pictures enjoy great popularity among the Chinese people.
+Taohuawu New Year pictures, produced using traditional techniques of watercolor block printing, are characteristic of the delicate and gentle style in areas south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Thematically, the pictures draw much from the paintings of literati as well as folk stories; while artistically, most are scholarly and refined, unlike the heavy and resplendent style of the Yangliuqing pictures. Taohuawu New Year pictures once spread to Japan and exerted a certain influence on Japanese ukiyoe paintings. About 300 years ago, Taohuawu New Year pictures began learning from the style of Western bronze carvings, as well as the use of shadow. Celebrated for its pure and attractive images of women, Taohuawu New Year pictures enjoy great popularity among the Chinese people.(Ye and Zhu, 250)
-====Yangjiabu New Year pictures====
+====1.3 Yangjiabu New Year pictures====
 It is said that Yangjiabu New Year pictures originated in the late Ming Dynasty. In the early period, they were most significantly influenced by Tianjin Yangliuqin New Year pictures, and later gradually became mature and perfect, forming a system of their own. In the mid of Qing Dynasty, Yangjiabu New Year pictures reached a peak and there were more than 40 large-scale painting shops. New Year painting workshops were all over villages and towns, and the skills in making New Year pictures were handed down from generation to generation. Yangjiabu New Year pictures are famous for their bright colors and often contrast red with green, yellow with purple, and black with white, thus forming a strong and gorgeous color effect, making the pictures warm and bright.
-====Mianzhu New Year pictures====
+====1.4 Mianzhu New Year pictures====
 It is said that Mianzhu New Year pictures originated in the late Ming Dynasty, flourished in the Qing Dynasty, and reached their peak during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor when there were more than 300 New Year picture workshops. Mianzhu New Year pictures at that time were not only popular in China but also exported to India, Myanmar, and Southeast Asia through Yunnan and Tibet. Mianzhu New Year pictures have a wide range of themes, various forms, realistic descriptions, rich imagination, lively plots, and vivid characters. In terms of color, Mianzhu New Year pictures pursue simplicity and flamboyance, density and lightness.
-===Contents of New Year Pictures===
+===2.Contents of New Year Pictures===
-The contents of New Year pictures are extremely broad, including secular life, customs and beliefs, fairy tales, historical figures, folk operas, landscapes, flowers and birds, auspiciousness and festivity.
+The contents of New Year pictures are extremely broad, including secular life, customs and beliefs, fairy tales, historical figures, folk operas, landscapes, flowers and birds, auspiciousness and festivity.(Tian 2007:371)
-====Secular Life====
+====2.1 Secular Life====
 The New Year pictures of folk secular life are most close to people’s lives, so they have the largest proportion and are the most popular. They mainly demonstrate real-life scenes in all trades and professions, such as farmers' labor and harvest, families’ satisfaction and happiness, people’s yearning for adequate food and clothing, and their pursuit of a better life.
-====Customs and Beliefs====
+====2.2 Customs and Beliefs====
 New Year pictures of customs and beliefs are closely related to people's life. Such New Year pictures are especially colorful in showing traditional festival customs, such as going to temple fairs during the Spring Festival, watching lanterns on the fifteenth day of the lunar calendar, and flying kites at the Tome Sweeping Day. New Year pictures of beliefs are mostly about door gods, who are worshiped to pray for blessings and eliminate disasters.
-====Mythical Stories, Historical Figures, Novels, and Operas====
+====2.3 Mythical Stories, Historical Figures, Novels, and Operas====
 New Year pictures with mythical stories, historical figures, novels, and operas as the theme are extremely diverse, which not only entertain people, but also play a role in spreading knowledge, educating and admonishing people, and eulogizing noble qualities, thus having a great impact on people's spiritual life and moral concepts.
-====Landscape, Flowers, and Birds====
+====2.4 Landscape, Flowers, and Birds====
-New Year pictures of landscapes, flowers, and birds attach great importance to artistry and decoration. Most New Year pictures of landscapes portray famous mountains and scenic spots with pavilions. New Year pictures of flowers and birds are widely used and often express auspicious meanings.
+New Year pictures of landscapes, flowers, and birds attach great importance to artistry and decoration. Most New Year pictures of landscapes portray famous mountains and scenic spots with pavilions. New Year pictures of flowers and birds are widely used and often express auspicious meanings.(Tian 2007:372)
-====Auspicious Patterns====
+====2.5 Auspicious Patterns====
-New Year pictures with auspicious patterns reflect people's good wishes for a happy and healthy life, a prosperous family, and a strong country through morals, homophony, symbolism, and pictograph. With broad meanings and vivid images, such New Year pictures have been always loved by people.
+New Year pictures with auspicious patterns reflect people's good wishes for a happy and healthy life, a prosperous family, and a strong country through morals, homophony, symbolism, and pictograph. With broad meanings and vivid images, such New Year pictures have been always loved by people. (Tian 2007:373)
 ===Conclusion===
 ===References===
-Woesler, Martin. (2020). Responsibility and Ethics in Times of Corona. Woesler, Martin and Hans-Martin Sass eds. Medicine and Ethics in Times of Corona Muenster: LIT
+Dong Jiqun, 董季群.《中国传统民间工艺》. 天津：天津古籍出版社，2004.
 ===Terms and Expressions===
 streamers 彩带
 xylograph overprinting 木板套印
 hand-painted color 手工彩绘
 watercolor block printing 水印木刻
 ukiyoe paintings 浮世绘
 morals 寓意
 homophony 谐音
 pictograph 象形
@@ Line 337: / Line 347: @@
 A.good fortune
 B.auspiciousness
 C.happiness
 D.festivity
 . What are the four famous producing areas of woodcut New Year pictures in China?
-A.Yangliuqing in Tian Jing Municipality
+A.Yangliuqing
-B.Yangjiabu in Weifang City, Shandong Province
+B.Yangjiabu
-C.Taohuawu in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province
+C.Taohuawu
-D.Mianzhu City, Sichuan province
+D.Mianzhu
 . What traditional techniques do Taohuawu New Year Pictures use?
 A.half printing, half painting
-B.watercolor block printing
+B.watercolor block painting
 C.xylograph overprinting
 D.hand-painted color
 . Which dynasty did Mianzhu New Year pictures flourish in?
 A.Song dynasty
 B.Ming dynasty
 C.Yuan dynasty
 D.Qing dynasty
 . Which content of New Year pictures has the largest proportion?
 A.secular life
 B.customs and beliefs
-C.landscape, flowers, and birds
+C.landscpae, flowers and birds
 D.auspicious patterns
 ===Answers===
 .abd
 .abcd

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 =202270081656 王智灵 Wang Zhiling 英语笔译(English translation)=
-==Topic==
+==New Year Pictures==
 < c e n t e r > 王智灵, 202270081656. < / c e n t e r >
 ===Abstract===
@@ Line 281: / Line 280: @@
 ===Key Words===
-New Year pictures, Folk art, Auspiciousness
+New Year pictures, Folk art
 ===Introduction===
@@ Line 288: / Line 287: @@
 ===The Four Famous Producing Areas of Woodcut===
 China is a country of vast territory, so the styles of New Year pictures vary from north to south. Yangliuqing in Tian Jing Municipality, Yangjiabu in Weifang City, Shandong Province, Taohuawu in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, and Mianzhu City, Sichuan province are the four famous producing areas of woodcut New Year pictures in China.
 ===Contents of New Year Pictures===
 The contents of New Year pictures are extremely broad, including secular life, customs and beliefs, fairy tales, historical figures, folk operas, landscapes, flowers and birds, auspiciousness and festivity.
 ===Conclusion===

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 D.auspicious patterns
-= = = Answers = = =
+===Answers===
 Correct answers are:
+.abd
-. C
+.abcd
+.b
-. ...
+.d
+.a
 =202270081698 吴博涵 Wu Bohan 英语口译(English interpretation)=

@@ Line 294: / Line 294: @@
 ===Conclusion===
-= = = References = = =
+===References===
 Woesler, Martin. (2020). Responsibility and Ethics in Times of Corona. Woesler, Martin and Hans-Martin Sass eds. Medicine and Ethics in Times of Corona Muenster: LIT
 = = = Terms and Expressions = = =
 Egg 鸡蛋