20221231 LangCult 7 - Revision history

Xie Jiayu: /* Answer */

2022-12-31T14:37:05Z

Answer

Xiao Jiayu 1: /* The Excavation */

2022-12-31T13:28:40Z

The Excavation

Xiao Jiayu 1: /* The Female Corpse */

2022-12-31T13:25:54Z

The Female Corpse

Xiao Jiayu 1: /* The Female Corpse */

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The Female Corpse

Xiao Jiayu 1: /* The Origin of the Name */

2022-12-31T13:15:50Z

The Origin of the Name

Xiao Jiayu 1: /* The Han Tombs of Mawangdui */

2022-12-31T13:12:34Z

The Han Tombs of Mawangdui

Xiao Jiayu 1: /* The Excavation */

2022-12-31T13:01:10Z

The Excavation

Xiao Jiayu 1: /* 关键词 */

2022-12-31T12:58:16Z

关键词

Xiao Jiayu 1: /* Key Words */

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Key Words

Xiao Jiayu 1: /* Terms and Expressions */

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Terms and Expressions

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 . Which season of bamboo is most suitable for picking and carving?
 . How many steps do craftsmen usually take in Liuqing-style bamboo carving?
-===Answer===
+===Answers===
 .Tang Dynasty
-.Winter
+.winter
-.5
+.five
 =202270081668 谢茜敏 Xie Ximin 英语笔译(English translation)=

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 === The Excavation===
-It turned out that there were 3 tombs at Mawangdui. The eastern mound was known as Tomb No.1, and the western mound as Tomb No.2. The third tomb was located to the south of Tomb No.1 and was covered up by the sealing soil so that there was no visible trace of its existence.
+There were 3 tombs at Mawangdui. The eastern mound was known as Tomb No.1, and the western mound as Tomb No.2. The third tomb was located to the south of Tomb No.1 and was covered up by the sealing soil so that there was no visible trace of its existence.
-Tomb No.1 was an immense earthen pit with a sloping passage way and 4 steps. It was 20.5 m deep from the top of the covering mound to the bottom of the shaft. Most of the funeral objects were damaged in Tomb No. 2. Tomb No. 3 resembled Tomb No. 1 in construction, but it was slightly smaller in size.
+Tomb No.1 was an immense earthen pit with a sloping passage way and 4 steps. It was 20.5 m deep from the top of the covering mound to the bottom of the shaft. Most of the funeral objects were damaged in Tomb No. 2. Tomb No. 3 resembled Tomb No. 1 in construction, but it was smaller in size.
 === The Funeral Objects===

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 === The Female Corpse===
-What has attracted the greatest attention is the corpse of Xin Zhui, Li Cang's wife, which was well preserved in Tomb No. 1 for over 2,100 years. (Jeffrey K. Riegel 1975, 11) The body was 154 cm tall and weighed 34.3 kg. The external appearance was intact, the whole body was moist, the skin was complete, and most of the hair remained at its original follicles. Some of the joints were movable to a certain extent and the tissue still maintained certain elasticity. Comprehensive research was also made into the reasons for the sound preservation of the ancient corpse. Immediately after her death, the body was bathed, wrapped tightly with about 20 layers of shrouds and cloth, and sealed in air tight coffins. The anoxic environment within the innermost coffin was gradually created, which helped retard the decay of the corpse. (Shin Dong Hoon 2018, 9)
+What has attracted the greatest attention is the corpse of Xin Zhui, Li Cang's wife, which was well preserved in Tomb No. 1 for over 2,100 years. (Jeffrey K. Riegel 1975, 11) The body was 154 cm tall and weighed 34.3 kg. The external appearance was intact, the whole body was moist, the skin was complete, and most of the hair remained at its original follicles. Some of the joints were movable to a certain extent and the tissue still maintained certain elasticity.
 The studies of the pathological changes of the ancient corpse, the cause of death and the unearthed Chinese herbal medicine bring to light the situation of the diseases and the applied prescriptions and drugs of traditional Chinese medicine in the feudal society 2,100 years ago, and provide valuable data for the further exploration and systematization of the medical heritage of China.

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 === The Female Corpse===
-What has attracted the greatest attention is the corpse of Xin Zhui, Li Cang's wife, which was well preserved in Tomb No. 1 for over 2,100 years. (Jeffrey K. Riegel 1975, 11) The body was 154 cm tall and weighed 34.3 kg. The external appearance was intact, the whole body was moist, the skin covering was complete, and most of the hair remained at its original follicles. Some of the joints were movable to a certain extent and the tissue still maintained certain elasticity, and it swelled and subsided gradually when injected with a preservative fluid. From extensive studies, the woman had suffered from many diseases.
+What has attracted the greatest attention is the corpse of Xin Zhui, Li Cang's wife, which was well preserved in Tomb No. 1 for over 2,100 years. (Jeffrey K. Riegel 1975, 11) The body was 154 cm tall and weighed 34.3 kg. The external appearance was intact, the whole body was moist, the skin was complete, and most of the hair remained at its original follicles. Some of the joints were movable to a certain extent and the tissue still maintained certain elasticity. Comprehensive research was also made into the reasons for the sound preservation of the ancient corpse. Immediately after her death, the body was bathed, wrapped tightly with about 20 layers of shrouds and cloth, and sealed in air tight coffins. The anoxic environment within the innermost coffin was gradually created, which helped retard the decay of the corpse. (Shin Dong Hoon 2018, 9)
 The studies of the pathological changes of the ancient corpse, the cause of death and the unearthed Chinese herbal medicine bring to light the situation of the diseases and the applied prescriptions and drugs of traditional Chinese medicine in the feudal society 2,100 years ago, and provide valuable data for the further exploration and systematization of the medical heritage of China.

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 From 1972 to early 1974, Chinese archaeological workers unearthed 3 tombs of the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-25 AD) at Mawangdui of Changsha, Hunan Province, which has attracted great attention at home and abroad. This chapter mainly deals with the archaeological findings of the Han Tombs of Mawangdui.
 === The Origin of the Name===
-Mawangdui is located in the eastern outskirts of Changsha, Hunan Province. In the preceding centuries, it was said that Ma Yin, King of the ducal state of Chu in the Five Dynasties Period (907-960), was buried here, hence the name "Mawangdui" (the Mound of King Ma). Formerly 2 earthen mounds here were closely linked together in the shape of a horse saddle. Thus it was also called "Ma'andui" (the Horse Saddle Mound). In some historical documents it is called "Erfeimu" (the Tombs of Two Concubines), and "Shuangnüfen" (the Tombs of Two Ladies). The opinions about the ownership of the tombs varied widely, and the truth did no come out until the excavation. (Xiong Chuanxin 2005,1-2)
+Mawangdui is located in the eastern outskirts of Changsha, Hunan Province. In the preceding centuries, it was said that Ma Yin, King of the ducal state of Chu in the Five Dynasties Period (907-960), was buried here, hence the name "Mawangdui" (the Mound of King Ma). Formerly 2 earthen mounds here were closely linked together in the shape of a horse saddle. Thus, it was also called "Ma'andui" (the Horse Saddle Mound). In some historical documents it is called "Erfeimu" (the Tombs of Two Concubines), and "Shuangnüfen" (the Tombs of Two Ladies). The opinions about the ownership of the tombs varied widely, and the truth did no come out until the excavation. (Xiong Chuanxin 2005,1-2)
 === The Excavation===

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 ===Introduction===
-From 1972 to early 1974, Chinese archaeological workers unearthed 3 tombs of the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC- 25 AD) at Mawangdui of Changsha, Hunan Province, which has attracted great attention at home and abroad. This chapter mainly deals with the archaeological findings of the Han Tombs of Mawangdui.
+From 1972 to early 1974, Chinese archaeological workers unearthed 3 tombs of the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-25 AD) at Mawangdui of Changsha, Hunan Province, which has attracted great attention at home and abroad. This chapter mainly deals with the archaeological findings of the Han Tombs of Mawangdui.
 === The Origin of the Name===
 Mawangdui is located in the eastern outskirts of Changsha, Hunan Province. In the preceding centuries, it was said that Ma Yin, King of the ducal state of Chu in the Five Dynasties Period (907-960), was buried here, hence the name "Mawangdui" (the Mound of King Ma). Formerly 2 earthen mounds here were closely linked together in the shape of a horse saddle. Thus it was also called "Ma'andui" (the Horse Saddle Mound). In some historical documents it is called "Erfeimu" (the Tombs of Two Concubines), and "Shuangnüfen" (the Tombs of Two Ladies). The opinions about the ownership of the tombs varied widely, and the truth did no come out until the excavation. (Xiong Chuanxin 2005,1-2)
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 '''a. Silk Paintings'''
-Both the innermost coffins of Tombs No. 1 and No.3 were covered by T-shaped color paintings on silk. The paintings are of similar subjects: heaven, the human society and the nether world. Well balanced and ingeniously composed, the paintings harmoniously interweave fairy tales with reality. The artistic skills of the paintings make them masterpieces of ancient art. Judging from the shape, content and the positions of the paintings, we know that they were funeral banners used in funeral ceremonies to usher the spirit up to heaven. (Deng Hui, Chen Huali, 2020)
+Both the innermost coffins of Tombs No. 1 and No.3 were covered by T-shaped color paintings on silk. The paintings are of similar subjects: heaven, the human society and the nether world. Well balanced and ingeniously composed, the paintings harmoniously interweave fairy tales with reality. The artistic skills of the paintings make them masterpieces of ancient art. Judging from the shape, content and the positions of the paintings, we know that they were funeral banners used in funeral ceremonies to usher the spirit up to heaven. (Deng Hui, Chen Huali 2020)
-On the eastern and western walls of the wooden chamber in Tomb No. 3 were hung 2 rectangular silk paintings. The one on the western wall portrays 100 people, several hundred horses and dozens of chariots. The figure representing the tomb occupant is standing on a high terrace, inspecting his troops before an expedition. Thus, the painting might be entitled "Painting of an Expedition". However, the painting on the eastern wall was in state of decay so that only some remaining parts of houses, chariots, galloping horses and women sailing in boats could be made out. It might a description of the extravagant life the tomb occupant led before his death. (Liu Dunyuan, 1978)
+On the eastern and western walls of the chamber in Tomb No. 3 were hung 2 rectangular silk paintings. The one on the western wall portrays 100 people, several hundred horses and dozens of chariots. The figure representing the tomb occupant is standing on a high terrace, inspecting his troops before an expedition. Thus, the painting might be entitled "Painting of an Expedition". However, the painting on the eastern wall was in state of decay so only some remaining parts of chariots, galloping horses and women could be made out. It might a description of the extravagant life the tomb occupant led before his death. (Liu Dunyuan 1978)
 '''b. Silk Books'''
-The books copied on silk unearthed from Tomb No. 3 bear over 100,000 characters. They provide a wealth of new data for the study of China's ancient history, philosophical thinking, science and technology.
+The silk books unearthed from Tomb No. 3 bear over 100,000 characters. They provide a wealth of new data for the study of China's ancient history, philosophical thinking, science and technology.
-Among the silk books, there are 2 copied versions of the manuscripts of ''Lao Zi''. (Daniel Sungbin Sou 2016,136) Version A is followed by copies of 4 essays, heretofore believed to be lost, and Version B is preceded by copies of 4 more "lost" essays, i.e. "''On Law''", "''Sixteen Classics''", "''Balance''" and "''The Source of the Way''". （Xiao Han, 1974）
+Among the silk books, there are 2 copied versions of the manuscripts of ''Lao Zi''. (Daniel Sungbin Sou 2016,136) Version A is followed by copies of 4 essays, heretofore believed to be lost, and version B is preceded by copies of 4 more "lost" essays, i.e. "''On Law''", "''Sixteen Classics''", "''Balance''" and "''The Source of the Way''". （Xiao Han 1974）
 There are also new historical data of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (770 BC-221 BC): ''Anecdotes and Speeches in the Spring and Autumn Period'', and ''Letters by Political Strategists in the Warring States Period'', as well as ''The Motion of Five Planets and Divination'' and ''The Chart of Physical Exercises''. Altogether, there is a total of over 20 valuable books, most of which were believed to have been lost. The discovery of these books is of monumental importance to Han historians in their reconsideration of ancient Chinese history.

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 ===关键词===
-马王堆汉墓；名字由来；随葬物品；西汉女尸
+马王堆汉墓，名字由来，随葬物品，西汉女尸
 ===Introduction===
 From 1972 to early 1974, Chinese archaeological workers unearthed 3 tombs of the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC- 25 AD) at Mawangdui of Changsha, Hunan Province, which has attracted great attention at home and abroad. This chapter mainly deals with the archaeological findings of the Han Tombs of Mawangdui.

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 This chapter briefly introduces the Han Tombs of Mawangdui in Changsha, including the origin of the name and the findings of the excavation. The cultural relics excavated from the tombs are of great value in studying the politics, economy, military affairs, culture, science and technology of the early Western Han period.
 ===Key Words===
-the Han Tombs of Mawangdui; the origin of the name; the funeral objects; the female corpse
+the Han Tombs of Mawangdui, the origin of the name, the funeral objects, the female corpse
 ===马王堆汉墓===
 ===摘要===

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:53, 31 December 2022
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	''The Motion of Five Planets and Divination''《五星占》		''The Motion of Five Planets and Divination''《五星占》
−
−	~~''Studies of Horses''《相马经》~~
−
−	~~''The Medical Book''《医书》~~

	''The Chart of Physical Exercises''《导引图》		''The Chart of Physical Exercises''《导引图》