20230630 final exam culture 04 - Revision history

Wen Xi: /* Wen Xi文茜 - Fine Arts：Chinese Nail Art */

2023-07-10T12:53:32Z

Wen Xi文茜 - Fine Arts：Chinese Nail Art

Wen Xi: /* Modern Nail Art Process */

2023-07-10T12:46:19Z

Modern Nail Art Process

Wen Xi: /* Modern Nail Art Process */

2023-07-10T12:44:12Z

Modern Nail Art Process

Wen Xi: /* Wen Xi文茜 - Fine Arts：Chinese Nail Art */

2023-07-10T12:40:47Z

Wen Xi文茜 - Fine Arts：Chinese Nail Art

Wen Xi: /* Wen Xi文茜 - Fine Arts：Chinese Nail Art */

2023-07-10T12:39:12Z

Wen Xi文茜 - Fine Arts：Chinese Nail Art

Jiang Luyun: /* Some Social Phenomena in China */

2023-07-10T12:36:16Z

Some Social Phenomena in China

Jiang Luyun: /* The Popularity of Seclusion Thought */

2023-07-10T12:34:35Z

The Popularity of Seclusion Thought

Jiang Luyun: /* References */

2023-07-10T12:33:37Z

References

Jiang Luyun: /* An Inherent Connection Between Chinese and Ground */

2023-07-10T12:23:33Z

An Inherent Connection Between Chinese and Ground

Jiang Luyun: /* The Emergence of Pastoral Poets */

2023-07-10T12:22:45Z

The Emergence of Pastoral Poets

@@ Line 430: / Line 430: @@
 As early as 6,000 years ago, the ancient Egyptians began to polish their nails. In China, the ancient art of nail art had its origins in the early days of human civilization. Initially, nail art was used for religious purposes. At some rituals, people sent their wishes and prayed to the gods by painting designs on their nails. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, some noble women mixed rubber, egg white and beeswax to make early nail polish to keep their nails shiny. One of the Zhou dynasty also had a strict hierarchical classification of nail colors, only royal relatives were allowed to paint dark colors such as black and red, and ordinary nobles could only paint light colors. During the pre-Qin period, people's love for nail art can be glimpsed in poems and scriptures. Later, in the Tang Dynasty, domestic and foreign exchanges were frequent, people were open-minded, and the pursuit of beauty became more and more enthusiastic. At that time, nail art was popular regardless of ethnicity and both men and women. Man's nail art is called kodan. Some officials would also wear fake nails to show that they were engaged in easy work and to symbolize their honorable status. In the Qing Dynasty, as played in the TV series Yanxi Raiders Zhen Huan, in order to protect the nail, nail protection sets appeared. And nail sets of different status are in different lengths, the status of the noble consort nail sets will also be more expensive materials and decorated more flamboyant.
 回声.十指纤纤玉笋红[J].中华手工,2018(01):104-105
 胡星儒,王义芝.中国古代美甲漫谈[J].寻根,2007(01):84-87
 早在6000年前，古埃及人就开始打磨指甲。在中国，古代美甲艺术的起源在人类文明早期。最初，美甲被用于宗教用途。在一些祭祀活动上，人们通过在指甲上画上图案来寄托自己的愿望，向神灵祈福。商周时期，一些贵族女子将橡胶、蛋白、蜂蜡等混合，制成早期的指甲油，来让指甲保持光泽。其中周朝还对指甲的颜色进行了严格的等级分类，只有皇亲国戚才可以涂黑色、红色等深色，普通贵族只能涂浅色。先秦时期，人们对美甲的热爱可以在诗经中窥探。后来到了唐朝，国内外交流频繁，人们思想开放，对美的追求也愈发热烈。当时不论民族、不论男女都流行美甲,其中男子的美甲被称为蔻丹。部分官员也会佩戴假指甲来表示自己从事的是轻松的工作，象征自己的尊贵地位。在清朝，如电视剧延禧攻略甄嬛传中所演，为了保护蓄甲，出现了护甲套。并且身份地位不同，指甲套长短也不相同，地位尊贵的妃子指甲套的材料也会更贵重，装饰也更华美。
@@ Line 453: / Line 458: @@
 （董倩倩.指尖上的风情——古代女子美甲琐谈[J]传奇·传奇文学选刊（教学研究),2012(3):64-66）
 ===Modern Nail Art===
@@ Line 479: / Line 486: @@
 （杜亚娟.女为悦己者容——从美甲的变迁看中国女性身体意识的觉醒[J].流行色,2019(10):155-156.）
 美甲给人们带来的不仅是可见的美丽，更有心灵上的慰藉。有很多有天生指甲缺陷（如杵状指）或啃咬甲的人来说，美甲给他们带来了自信。越来越多人开始用美甲来展现自己的个人魅力。美甲也不再是男凝的产物，而是女性展现个性反对控制的武器。
 ===References===
-====[1]====回声.十指纤纤玉笋红[J].中华手工,2018(01):104-105
+[1]回声.十指纤纤玉笋红[J].中华手工,2018(01):104-105
-====[2]====胡星儒,王义芝.中国古代美甲漫谈[J].寻根,2007(01):84-87
-====[3]====董倩倩.指尖上的风情——古代女子美甲琐谈[J]传奇·传奇文学选刊（教学研究),2012(3):64-66
+[2]胡星儒,王义芝.中国古代美甲漫谈[J].寻根,2007(01):84-87
-====[4]====杜亚娟.女为悦己者容——从美甲的变迁看中国女性身体意识的觉醒[J].流行色,2019(10):155-156.
 ===Questions===
-====1.====For what purpose were nail arts originally invented?
+. For what purpose were nail arts originally invented?
-====2.====What were men's nails called in the Tang Dynasty?
-====3.====What are the two types of nail polish used in modern nail art?
+. What were men's nails called in the Tang Dynasty?
 ===Answers===
-====1.==== For religious purposes.
+. For religious purposes.
-====2.==== Koudan.
-====3. ====Dryable nail polish and phototherapy nail polish.
+. Koudan.

@@ Line 460: / Line 460: @@
 ===Modern Nail Art Process===
-====1.====
+. Extend the nail. If the nail is long enough or there is no need to extend the nail, this step can be omitted.
 延长指甲。如果本甲足够长或者没有延长指甲的需求，这一步可以省略。
-====2.====
-Polish the nail. By polishing the nail surface becomes rough, so that the nail polish adheres better and does not peel off easily.
+. Polish the nail. By polishing the nail surface becomes rough, so that the nail polish adheres better and does not peel off easily.
 打磨指甲。通过打磨使指甲表面变得粗糙，从而让指甲油更好地附着不易剥落。
-====3.====
-Apply base coat. Insulate the nail polish and nails, prevent nail staining, and make the nail polish more durable.
+. Apply base coat. Insulate the nail polish and nails, prevent nail staining, and make the nail polish more durable.
 涂底胶。隔绝指甲油和指甲，防止指甲染色，并且让指甲油更持久。
-====4.====
-Apply nail polish. This step if the use of light therapy nail polish, each time you need to light 30s to let the nail polish dry.
+. Apply nail polish. This step if the use of light therapy nail polish, each time you need to light 30s to let the nail polish dry.
 涂指甲油。这一步如果使用的是光疗甲油胶的话，每涂一次就需照灯30s来让甲油胶干燥。
-====5.====
-Apply sealer. Sealer is also divided into two kinds of frosted and glossy, you can choose according to your preference. Sealer can protect the nail from scratching and keep the nail integrity.
+. Apply sealer. Sealer is also divided into two kinds of frosted and glossy, you can choose according to your preference. Sealer can protect the nail from scratching and keep the nail integrity.
 涂封层。封层也分为磨砂和亮面两种，可以凭借自己的喜好选择。封层可以保护指甲不受刮蹭，并且保持美甲的完整性。

@@ Line 460: / Line 460: @@
 ===Modern Nail Art Process===
-====1.====Extend the nail. If the nail is long enough or there is no need to extend the nail, this step can be omitted.
+====1.====
 延长指甲。如果本甲足够长或者没有延长指甲的需求，这一步可以省略。
-====2.==== Polish the nail. By polishing the nail surface becomes rough, so that the nail polish adheres better and does not peel off easily.
+====2.====
 打磨指甲。通过打磨使指甲表面变得粗糙，从而让指甲油更好地附着不易剥落。
-====3.==== Apply base coat. Insulate the nail polish and nails, prevent nail staining, and make the nail polish more durable.
+====3.====
 涂底胶。隔绝指甲油和指甲，防止指甲染色，并且让指甲油更持久。
-====4.====Apply nail polish. This step if the use of light therapy nail polish, each time you need to light 30s to let the nail polish dry.
+====4.====
 涂指甲油。这一步如果使用的是光疗甲油胶的话，每涂一次就需照灯30s来让甲油胶干燥。
-====5.====Apply sealer. Sealer is also divided into two kinds of frosted and glossy, you can choose according to your preference. Sealer can protect the nail from scratching and keep the nail integrity.
+====5.====
 涂封层。封层也分为磨砂和亮面两种，可以凭借自己的喜好选择。封层可以保护指甲不受刮蹭，并且保持美甲的完整性。

@@ Line 460: / Line 460: @@
 ===Modern Nail Art Process===
-====1. ====Extend the nail. If the nail is long enough or there is no need to extend the nail, this step can be omitted.
+====1.====Extend the nail. If the nail is long enough or there is no need to extend the nail, this step can be omitted.
 延长指甲。如果本甲足够长或者没有延长指甲的需求，这一步可以省略。
 ====2.==== Polish the nail. By polishing the nail surface becomes rough, so that the nail polish adheres better and does not peel off easily.
@@ Line 466: / Line 466: @@
 ====3.==== Apply base coat. Insulate the nail polish and nails, prevent nail staining, and make the nail polish more durable.
 涂底胶。隔绝指甲油和指甲，防止指甲染色，并且让指甲油更持久。
-====4. ====Apply nail polish. This step if the use of light therapy nail polish, each time you need to light 30s to let the nail polish dry.
+====4.====Apply nail polish. This step if the use of light therapy nail polish, each time you need to light 30s to let the nail polish dry.
 涂指甲油。这一步如果使用的是光疗甲油胶的话，每涂一次就需照灯30s来让甲油胶干燥。
-====5. ====Apply sealer. Sealer is also divided into two kinds of frosted and glossy, you can choose according to your preference. Sealer can protect the nail from scratching and keep the nail integrity.
+====5.====Apply sealer. Sealer is also divided into two kinds of frosted and glossy, you can choose according to your preference. Sealer can protect the nail from scratching and keep the nail integrity.
 涂封层。封层也分为磨砂和亮面两种，可以凭借自己的喜好选择。封层可以保护指甲不受刮蹭，并且保持美甲的完整性。
@@ Line 484: / Line 484: @@
 ====[4]====杜亚娟.女为悦己者容——从美甲的变迁看中国女性身体意识的觉醒[J].流行色,2019(10):155-156.
 ===Questions===
-====1. ====For what purpose were nail arts originally invented?
+====1.====For what purpose were nail arts originally invented?
-====2. ====What were men's nails called in the Tang Dynasty?
+====2.====What were men's nails called in the Tang Dynasty?
-====3. ====What are the two types of nail polish used in modern nail art?
+====3.====What are the two types of nail polish used in modern nail art?
 ===Answers===

@@ Line 418: / Line 418: @@
 ==Wen Xi文茜 - Fine Arts：Chinese Nail Art ==
-It is often said that hands are the "second face of a person" because they are usually an important tool for human interaction and can reflect the qualities of a person. Those who do rough work have rougher hands, while the opposite is white and smooth. Therefore, the Chinese have attached great importance to hand care since ancient times, and the beautification of nails naturally cannot be ignored.
+===Abstract===
-人们常说，手是“人的第二张脸”，因为在通常情况下，手是人际交往的重要工具，它可以反映一个人的特质。干粗活累活的人手会比较粗糙，相反则会白皙滑嫩。因此中国人自古以来就很重视手部护理，对指甲的美化自然无法被忽视。
+It is often said that hands are the "second face of a person" because they are usually an important tool for human interaction and can reflect the qualities of a person. Those who do rough work have rougher hands, while the opposite is white and smooth. Therefore, the Chinese have attached great importance to hand care since ancient times, and the beautification of nails naturally cannot be ignored. This article mainly talks about the ancient nail art in China, so that readers can understand the way and culture of nail art.
 ===History===
-As early as 6,000 years ago, the ancient Egyptians began to polish their nails. In China, the ancient art of nail art had its origins in the early days of human civilization. Initially, nail art was used for religious purposes. At some rituals, people sent their wishes and prayed to the gods by painting designs on their nails. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, some noble women mixed rubber, egg white and beeswax to make early nail polish to keep their nails shiny. One of the Zhou dynasty also had a strict hierarchical classification of nail colors, only royal relatives were allowed to paint dark colors such as black and red, and ordinary nobles could only paint light colors. During the pre-Qin period, people's love for nail art can be glimpsed in the poems and scriptures. Later, in the Tang Dynasty, domestic and foreign exchanges were frequent, people were open-minded, and the pursuit of beauty became more and more enthusiastic. At that time, nail art was popular regardless of ethnicity and both men and women. Man's nail art is called kodan. Some officials would also wear fake nails to show that they were engaged in easy work and to symbolize their honorable status. In the Qing Dynasty, as played in the TV series Yanxi Raiders Zhen Huan, in order to protect the nail, nail protection sets appeared. And nail sets of different status are in different lengths, the status of the noble consort nail sets will also be more expensive materials, decorated more flamboyant.
+As early as 6,000 years ago, the ancient Egyptians began to polish their nails. In China, the ancient art of nail art had its origins in the early days of human civilization. Initially, nail art was used for religious purposes. At some rituals, people sent their wishes and prayed to the gods by painting designs on their nails. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, some noble women mixed rubber, egg white and beeswax to make early nail polish to keep their nails shiny. One of the Zhou dynasty also had a strict hierarchical classification of nail colors, only royal relatives were allowed to paint dark colors such as black and red, and ordinary nobles could only paint light colors. During the pre-Qin period, people's love for nail art can be glimpsed in poems and scriptures. Later, in the Tang Dynasty, domestic and foreign exchanges were frequent, people were open-minded, and the pursuit of beauty became more and more enthusiastic. At that time, nail art was popular regardless of ethnicity and both men and women. Man's nail art is called kodan. Some officials would also wear fake nails to show that they were engaged in easy work and to symbolize their honorable status. In the Qing Dynasty, as played in the TV series Yanxi Raiders Zhen Huan, in order to protect the nail, nail protection sets appeared. And nail sets of different status are in different lengths, the status of the noble consort nail sets will also be more expensive materials and decorated more flamboyant.
 早在6000年前，古埃及人就开始打磨指甲。在中国，古代美甲艺术的起源在人类文明早期。最初，美甲被用于宗教用途。在一些祭祀活动上，人们通过在指甲上画上图案来寄托自己的愿望，向神灵祈福。商周时期，一些贵族女子将橡胶、蛋白、蜂蜡等混合，制成早期的指甲油，来让指甲保持光泽。其中周朝还对指甲的颜色进行了严格的等级分类，只有皇亲国戚才可以涂黑色、红色等深色，普通贵族只能涂浅色。先秦时期，人们对美甲的热爱可以在诗经中窥探。后来到了唐朝，国内外交流频繁，人们思想开放，对美的追求也愈发热烈。当时不论民族、不论男女都流行美甲,其中男子的美甲被称为蔻丹。部分官员也会佩戴假指甲来表示自己从事的是轻松的工作，象征自己的尊贵地位。在清朝，如电视剧延禧攻略甄嬛传中所演，为了保护蓄甲，出现了护甲套。并且身份地位不同，指甲套长短也不相同，地位尊贵的妃子指甲套的材料也会更贵重，装饰也更华美。
@@ Line 443: / Line 451: @@
 护甲 为了保护长指甲，美甲的最后一步便是护甲，其中最主要的方法就是佩戴护甲套。护甲套的造型有很多种，装饰制造材料也非常丰富，久而久之，护甲套的华美程度开始成为手部装饰的代表，成为身份地位的象征。慈禧太后是指甲套的狂热粉丝。据史料记载，她的指甲套是有史以来最长的，一支用玉制成，一支用金子制成，表现她的尊贵地位，光辉夺目。
 ===Modern Nail Art===
@@ Line 450: / Line 460: @@
 ===Modern Nail Art Process===
-. Extend the nail. If the nail is long enough or there is no need to extend the nail, this step can be omitted.
+====1. ====Extend the nail. If the nail is long enough or there is no need to extend the nail, this step can be omitted.
 延长指甲。如果本甲足够长或者没有延长指甲的需求，这一步可以省略。
-. Polish the nail. By polishing the nail surface becomes rough, so that the nail polish adheres better and does not peel off easily.
+====2.==== Polish the nail. By polishing the nail surface becomes rough, so that the nail polish adheres better and does not peel off easily.
 打磨指甲。通过打磨使指甲表面变得粗糙，从而让指甲油更好地附着不易剥落。
-.Apply base coat. Insulate the nail polish and nails, prevent nail staining, and make the nail polish more durable.
+====3.==== Apply base coat. Insulate the nail polish and nails, prevent nail staining, and make the nail polish more durable.
 涂底胶。隔绝指甲油和指甲，防止指甲染色，并且让指甲油更持久。
-.Apply nail polish. This step if the use of light therapy nail polish, each time you need to light 30s to let the nail polish dry.
+====4. ====Apply nail polish. This step if the use of light therapy nail polish, each time you need to light 30s to let the nail polish dry.
 涂指甲油。这一步如果使用的是光疗甲油胶的话，每涂一次就需照灯30s来让甲油胶干燥。
-.Apply sealer. Sealer is also divided into two kinds of frosted and glossy, you can choose according to your preference. Sealer can protect the nail from scratching and keep the nail integrity.
+====5. ====Apply sealer. Sealer is also divided into two kinds of frosted and glossy, you can choose according to your preference. Sealer can protect the nail from scratching and keep the nail integrity.
 涂封层。封层也分为磨砂和亮面两种，可以凭借自己的喜好选择。封层可以保护指甲不受刮蹭，并且保持美甲的完整性。
 ===Significance===
-Nail arts bring not only visible beauty but also spiritual comfort to people. For many people with natural nail defects (such as pestle and mortar fingers) or gnawing nails, nail art gives them confidence.The main user group of nail art has gradually expanded from women to all people, becoming an important way for people to show their personal charm
+Nail arts bring not only visible beauty but also spiritual comfort to people. For many people with natural nail defects (such as pestle and mortar fingers) or gnawing nails, nail art gives them confidence.The main user group of nail art has gradually expanded from women to all people, becoming an important way for people to show their personal charm. This article mainly talks about the ancient history of nail art in China, so that readers can understand the way and culture of nail art.
-美甲给人们带来的不仅是可见的美丽，更有心灵上的慰藉。有很多有天生指甲缺陷（如杵状指）或啃咬甲的人来说，美甲给他们带来了自信。越来越多人开始用美甲来展现自己的个人魅力。
 ===References===
-[1]蒋晓婉.浅谈我国古代美甲艺术[N].开封教育学院学报,2019-10-20 (10)
+====[1]====回声.十指纤纤玉笋红[J].中华手工,2018(01):104-105
-[2]胡星儒,王义芝.中国古代美甲漫谈[J].寻根,2007(01):84-87
+====[2]====胡星儒,王义芝.中国古代美甲漫谈[J].寻根,2007(01):84-87
-[3]董倩倩.指尖上的风情——古代女子美甲琐谈[J]传奇·传奇文学选刊（教学研究),2012(3):64-66
+====[3]====董倩倩.指尖上的风情——古代女子美甲琐谈[J]传奇·传奇文学选刊（教学研究),2012(3):64-66
+====[4]====杜亚娟.女为悦己者容——从美甲的变迁看中国女性身体意识的觉醒[J].流行色,2019(10):155-156.
 ===Questions===
-. For what purpose were nail arts originally invented?
+====1. ====For what purpose were nail arts originally invented?
-. What were men's nails called in the Tang Dynasty?
+====2. ====What were men's nails called in the Tang Dynasty?
-. What are the two types of nail polish used in modern nail art?
+====3. ====What are the two types of nail polish used in modern nail art?
 ===Answers===
-. For religious purposes.
+====1.==== For religious purposes.
-. Kodan.
+====2.==== Koudan.
-. Dryable nail polish and phototherapy nail polish.
+====3. ====Dryable nail polish and phototherapy nail polish.

@@ Line 56: / Line 56: @@
 一个叫李子柒的中国女孩拍摄自己归田种菜视频，这种朴实无华的生活吸引了百万人围观。她告诉了人们工业化时代，对于工业应该有的态度：适当依赖，但也要保持自己的独特性。
 李子柒在外网的爆火让西方人了解了东方文化，了解了中国人丰富的精神文化，是非常成功的文化输出。2020年1月，李子柒入选《中国妇女报》“2019十大女性人物”。
-李子柒唤起了现代工业化都市社会的人类对重返自然的一种具有普世价值的幻想，它跨越了国籍和文化。观众从她的视频中看到的是李子柒和奶奶之间的深厚感情，是中国传统美食的丰富多彩，是中国人民的勤劳和智慧，是对几千年前陶渊明诗中“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”的向往。观众拥有不同的肤色、语言和文化背景，但却有着共同的需求：过上简单幸福的生活，爱人，也被人爱。 (喜迎第十一次全国文代会 | 李子柒：时代给了我一阵风，中国文艺网微信公众号（2021-11-23）)
+李子柒唤起了现代工业化都市社会的人类对重返自然的一种具有普世价值的幻想，它跨越了国籍和文化。观众从她的视频中看到的是李子柒和奶奶之间的深厚感情，是中国传统美食的丰富多彩，是中国人民的勤劳和智慧，是对几千年前陶渊明诗中“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”的向往。观众拥有不同的肤色、语言和文化背景，但却有着共同的需求：过上简单幸福的生活，爱人，也被人爱。 (喜迎第十一次全国文代会 | 李子柒：时代给了我一阵风，中国文艺网微信公众号（2021-11-23）https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIwOTAyMjk4MQ==&mid=2650388468&idx=4&sn=8cc34048281590b019222e6919325693&chksm=8f772e9eb800a788b4d600335bef21755514c65da734425ad9cd597f8d03886a9848d67dd114&scene=27)
 =====Relevant Literary and Artistic Works Are Highly Sought After=====
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 《去有风的地方》《梦华录》等田园剧反响良好。
-这些电视剧选择的场景例如明朝茶肆、中国大理各具特点，在这种美景美食美人之中，人们能找到久违的温暖，起到治愈人心，抚慰灵魂的作用。简单慢节奏的剧情却让人轻松愉快，会心一笑。(《去有风的地方》刘亦菲、李现主演定档，能否再造一万《梦华录》人气，搜狐网（2023-01-15）)
+这些电视剧选择的场景例如明朝茶肆、中国大理各具特点，在这种美景美食美人之中，人们能找到久违的温暖，起到治愈人心，抚慰灵魂的作用。简单慢节奏的剧情却让人轻松愉快，会心一笑。
 有关田园生活的文学作品类似汪曾祺的《人间草木》以及一些网络“种田文”的阅读量暴增。
 种田文即先集中描述主角如何建立自己的根据地，然后在自己的领土上搞科技、经济、军事、政治制度建设的过程，类似农民辛辛苦苦种田过日子，文章于虚幻中带着“悠然见南山”的向往与欣慰。

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 归隐思想的流行
-归隐一词源于《易经》，是指远离喧嚣，返璞归真，回归本源。归隐主要有两种理解，一种是指隐居山林或乡村，远离繁华，安静地生活；另一种是指心灵上的归隐，即拒绝名利之争，放下执念，从容自在地生活。 (归隐是什么意思？，www.fuwutb.com（2023-04-12）)
+归隐一词源于《易经》，是指远离喧嚣，返璞归真，回归本源。归隐主要有两种理解，一种是指隐居山林或乡村，远离繁华，安静地生活；另一种是指心灵上的归隐，即拒绝名利之争，放下执念，从容自在地生活。 ( 归隐是什么意思？（2023-04-12）http://www.fuwutb.com/k/post/114032.html)
 中国诗人的归隐传统是在晋代形成的,要论中国历史上最有名的诗人隐士,毫无疑问当推陶渊明。他出生在一个没落的仕室家庭里，曾做过几年小官，后辞官回家，从此隐居不仕。陶渊明用读书、作诗和饮酒来调适自己的心理,解释人生的悲慨,将自己的日常生活诗化。
 归隐思想在文化中的深入影响源于中国人一直以来对尘世的厌倦和对自然之美、生活之美的向往，体现了人类内心深处的某种原始欲望，是一种独立自由生活的选择和理念。

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 [1] 费孝通.《乡土中国》[M].人民出版社，2008:6-12.
-[2] 归隐是什么意思？，www.fuwutb.com（2023-04-12）
+[2] 归隐是什么意思？（2023-04-12）http://www.fuwutb.com/k/post/114032.html
-［3］喜迎第十一次全国文代会 | 李子柒：时代给了我一阵风，中国文艺网微信公众号（2021-11-23）
+［3］喜迎第十一次全国文代会 | 李子柒：时代给了我一阵风，中国文艺网微信公众号（2021-11-23）https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MzIwOTAyMjk4MQ==&mid=2650388468&idx=4&sn=8cc34048281590b019222e6919325693&chksm=8f772e9eb800a788b4d600335bef21755514c65da734425ad9cd597f8d03886a9848d67dd114&scene=27
-［4］《去有风的地方》刘亦菲、李现主演定档，能否再造一万《梦华录》人气，搜狐网（2023-01-15）
+[5] 百度百科 陶渊明 https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%99%B6%E6%B8%8A%E6%98%8E/53944?fromModule=lemma_search-box
 ==Wu Songyun 吴松芸 - Architecture: Paifang==

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 中国人与土地的固有联系
-农耕实践的思想观念倡导“天人合一，道法自然”。此外， “以土为生”意味着人们的生活是粘连在土地上的，表现为“人不离土”的社会形态和围绕土地而产生的人与自然的和谐关系。这就意味着人与自然之间存在固有联系，自然对人有疗愈和抚慰作用。所以对待自然中国人采取的是一种与自然为善的态度，节制人类行为、合理利用自然。(费孝通.《乡土中国》[M].人民出版社，2008:6-12.)
+农耕实践的思想观念倡导“天人合一，道法自然”。此外， “以土为生”意味着人们的生活是粘连在土地上的，表现为“人不离土”的社会形态和围绕土地而产生的人与自然的和谐关系。这就意味着人与自然之间存在固有联系，自然对人有疗愈和抚慰作用。所以对待自然中国人采取的是一种与自然为善的态度，节制人类行为、合理利用自然。(费孝通 2008:6-12.)
 同时，田园还是人们心灵安抚的处所。诗人在田园山水中找到同类与知己,建立了亲睦关系,消解了人生的悲剧意识,心灵得到安慰与栖息。所以田园文化是根植于中国人的生活中并且影响了中国人的价值选择和民族性格。

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 有很多著名的诗人因怀才不遇，在这过程中涌现了一大批田园诗人，例如，采菊品酒的陶渊明、闲看桂花落的王维、善于发明美食的苏轼等等。
-陶渊明在中国文学史上首创了田园诗派,第一个把普通的田园生活引入艺术的领域。在他的田园诗中，随处可见的是他对污浊现实的厌烦和对恬静的田园生活的热爱，创作了《归园田居》《桃花源记》等极为有名的文学作品。因为有实际劳动经验，所以他的诗中洋溢着劳动者的喜悦，表现出只有劳动者才能感受到的思想感情。
+陶渊明在中国文学史上首创了田园诗派,第一个把普通的田园生活引入艺术的领域。在他的田园诗中，随处可见的是他对污浊现实的厌烦和对恬静的田园生活的热爱，创作了《归园田居》《桃花源记》等极为有名的文学作品。因为有实际劳动经验，所以他的诗中洋溢着劳动者的喜悦，表现出只有劳动者才能感受到的思想感情。( 百度百科 陶渊明 https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E9%99%B6%E6%B8%8A%E6%98%8E/53944?fromModule=lemma_search-box)
 ====The Popularity of Seclusion Thought====