Aesth App EN 2 - Revision history

Zou Yueli: /* translation of Proverbs */

2021-12-14T13:23:13Z

translation of Proverbs

Zou Yueli: /* treatment methods of cultural phenomena */

2021-12-14T13:22:18Z

treatment methods of cultural phenomena

Zou Yueli: /* character description */

2021-12-14T13:21:27Z

character description

Zou Yueli: /* Introduction to Natsume Soseki and I'm a cat */

2021-12-14T13:20:13Z

Introduction to Natsume Soseki and I'm a cat

Zou Yueli: /* Translation background and purpose of the three versions */

2021-12-14T13:18:01Z

Translation background and purpose of the three versions

Zou Yueli: /* Translation background and purpose of the three versions */

2021-12-14T13:16:43Z

Translation background and purpose of the three versions

Zou Yueli: /* Selection of the translation of I am a cat */

2021-12-14T13:14:40Z

Selection of the translation of I am a cat

Zou Yueli: /* A study on the original works and translation of I am a cat */

2021-12-14T13:09:09Z

A study on the original works and translation of I am a cat

Zou Yueli: /* Newmark’s Translation Theory--semantic translation and communicative translation */

2021-12-14T13:06:42Z

Newmark’s Translation Theory--semantic translation and communicative translation

Zou Yueli: /* An introduction to Newmark 's translation theory */

2021-12-14T13:04:51Z

An introduction to Newmark 's translation theory

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 Example 3:「女賢しゅうしてと云う諺はあるが猫賢しゅうして鼠捕り損なうと云う格言はまだ無いはずだ。」（Natsume Soseki,1995:79）
-Liu Zhenying's translation：俗语中有女子好耍小聪明的说法，可还没有听说过这样的格言。 “猫儿因好耍小聪明而捉不住老鼠”。(Written by Natsume Soseki translated by Yu Lei,2010.50-51).
+Liu Zhenying's translation：俗语中有女子好耍小聪明的说法，可还没有听说过这样的格言。 “猫儿因好耍小聪明而捉不住老鼠”。(Yu Lei,2010:50-51).
-Yu Lei's translation：虽有“女子无才便是德”的谚语，却还没有“猫捕不到鼠便是德”的格言。(Written by Natsume Soseki translated by Liu Zhenying,2011:51-52).
+Yu Lei's translation：虽有“女子无才便是德”的谚语，却还没有“猫捕不到鼠便是德”的格言。(Liu Zhenying,2011:51-52).
-Liu Ziqian's translation：虽有“女子无才便是德”的谚语，却还没有 “猫捕不到鼠便是德”的格言。(Written by Natsume Soseki translated by Liu Ziqian,2015:52-53)
+Liu Ziqian's translation：虽有“女子无才便是德”的谚语，却还没有 “猫捕不到鼠便是德”的格言。(Liu Ziqian,2015:52-53)
 “女賢しゅうして”'s the original sentence “女さかしゅうして牛売りそこなう”.It means that a woman seeks temporary tongue fast, but ignores the interests of the overall situation. Yu Lei ’s translation and Liu Ziqian ’s translation translated this sentence into "女子无才便是德", and translated the latter half of the sentence "猫賢しゅうして鼠捕り損なう" into“猫捕不到鼠便是德". Although this maintains the content and form of the original text, the phrase "女子无才便是德" means that a woman has moral cultivation only if she does not argue with others, Its background is derived from the feudal historical period in ancient China, so it is not very appropriate to translate it as "女子无才便是德". In contrast, Liu Zhenying 's translation adopts the means of semantic translation to faithfully express the meaning of the original text, which also enables readers to better understand the connotation of the original text.

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 Example 2：「主人は例のごとく書斎へ引き籠（こも)る。小供は六畳の間（ま）へ枕をならべて寝る」（Natsume Soseki,1995:37）
-Liu Zhenying 's translation：主人照例又锁回到他的书斋里去。 主人家的小孩子们在六叠（计算日式房间的面积单位，一叠大致长为 1.9 m，宽为 0.95 m）的房间里并枕入睡。(Written by Natsume Soseki translated by Yu Lei,2010:49)
+Liu Zhenying 's translation：主人照例又锁回到他的书斋里去。 主人家的小孩子们在六叠（计算日式房间的面积单位，一叠大致长为 1.9 m，宽为 0.95 m）的房间里并枕入睡。(Yu Lei,2010:49)
-Yu Lei's translation：主人照例钻进书房，孩子们去一个12 m2 的小屋并枕而眠。(Written by Natsume Soseki translated by Liu Zhenying,2011:50)
+Yu Lei's translation：主人照例钻进书房，孩子们去一个12 m2 的小屋并枕而眠。(Liu Zhenying,2011:50)
-Liu Ziqian's translation：主人照例钻进书房，孩子们在一个六榻榻米的屋子里并枕甜睡。(Written by Natsume Soseki translated by Liu Ziqian,2015:51)
+Liu Ziqian's translation：主人照例钻进书房，孩子们在一个六榻榻米的屋子里并枕甜睡。(Liu Ziqian,2015:51)
 The Quantifier "畳" is used to convey the unique linguistic and cultural characteristics of Japan. Obviously, the three translators have great differences in the translation of "六畳の間". According to Newmark's translation theory, when the content of the original text involves its own unique natural environment, social system and cultural customs, the translator can retain the original language culture, replace it with the target language culture, and choose a neutral expression method. For example, the translator can add notes, free translation or interpretation through transliteration. By adding notes, Liu Zhenying 's translation complements the lack of source culture in the target language, showing different language styles and different cultural colors.The method of annotation not only enriches the language expression of the target language, but also retains the flavor of the original text, reflecting the important role of supplementary interpretation in translation. Yu Lei's translation and Liu Ziqian 's translation use communicative translation and translate directly without direct annotation. The writing is fluent and free of cumbersome feeling. The author believes that Liu Zhenying's translation retains the style of the original text, but as a literary translation, this treatment may be too cumbersome. Yu Lei's translation is an expression completely translated into Chinese. Liu Ziqian's translation of "六畳の間" not only translated the meaning of the original text, but also made readers feel the unique culture of Japan.

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 Example 1：「金田君は妻君に似合わず鼻の低い男である。 単に鼻のみではない、顔全体が低い。小供の時分喧嘩をして、餓鬼大将のために頸筋を捉まえられて、うんと精一杯に土塀へ圧し付けられた時の顔が四十年後の今日まで、 因果をなしておりはせぬかと怪まるるくらい平坦な顔である。」（Natsume Soseki,1995:58）
-Liu Zhenying's translation ：金田君和他的老婆不同，是个鼻子扁平的家伙。不只是鼻子，整个面孔都是扁平的。他那扁平的面孔甚至使人怀疑，是不是在他小时候和顽童们打架，被孩子头儿抓住脖颈狠狠地压到墙上，把脸整个压扁，并且这个报应一直残留到他四十岁的今天。（Written by Natsume Soseki translated by Yu Lei,2010:48）
+Liu Zhenying's translation ：金田君和他的老婆不同，是个鼻子扁平的家伙。不只是鼻子，整个面孔都是扁平的。他那扁平的面孔甚至使人怀疑，是不是在他小时候和顽童们打架，被孩子头儿抓住脖颈狠狠地压到墙上，把脸整个压扁，并且这个报应一直残留到他四十岁的今天。（Yu Lei,2010:48）
-Yu Lei's translation：此人和太太不同，是个塌鼻子。 不单是鼻子，整个脸都是扁的，令人疑心：是否小时候打架，被孩子王掐住脖子狠狠地往墙上撞，直到四十年后的今天，依然标志着那次战果。(Written by Natsume Soseki translated by Liu Zhenying,2011:49)
+Yu Lei's translation：此人和太太不同，是个塌鼻子。 不单是鼻子，整个脸都是扁的，令人疑心：是否小时候打架，被孩子王掐住脖子狠狠地往墙上撞，直到四十年后的今天，依然标志着那次战果。(Liu Zhenying,2011:49)
-Liu Ziqian's translation：金田不像太太那样，是个塌鼻子。不单是鼻子，整个脸都是扁平的。以至于叫人不能不疑心：莫非是小时候打架， 他被坏孩子掐住脖子猛劲摁在墙上挤压过，结果直到四十年后的今天，那张脸依然平坦。(Written by Natsume Soseki translated by Liu Ziqian,2015:50)
+Liu Ziqian's translation：金田不像太太那样，是个塌鼻子。不单是鼻子，整个脸都是扁平的。以至于叫人不能不疑心：莫非是小时候打架， 他被坏孩子掐住脖子猛劲摁在墙上挤压过，结果直到四十年后的今天，那张脸依然平坦。(Liu Ziqian,2015:50)
 Here is the author's description of Jin Tian. He not only has a short nose, but also has a flat face. 「因果をなしておりはせぬかと怪まるるくらい平坦な顔である」this sentence not only explained the reason for his flat face, but also made a strong mockery of Jin Tian. Liu's translation takes the author as the center and uses semantic translation. The translation basically retains the rhetoric, syntax and structure of the original work. The word "报应(retribution)" makes readers more able to read the feeling of satirizing Jintian. Yu Lei's translation and . Liu Ziqian's translation chose communicative translation in order to make it easier for readers to understand and accept. However, the author believes that the word "战果(fruits of war)" in Yu Lei's translation generally reminds people of the feeling of "fruits of victory, good results", while Liu Ziqian's translation is a little too plain, so Liu Zhenying's translation here is more in line with the original meaning.

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 Natsume Soseki is a modern Japanese writer. He enjoys a high position in the history of modern Japanese literature and is known as the "national writer". He has high attainments in both eastern and Western cultures. He is not only an English scholar, but also good at haiku, Chinese poetry and calligraphy. When writing novels, he is good at using couplets, overlapping sentences, humorous language and novel forms. His precise and subtle description of personal psychology opened the trend of private novels in later generations. Many scholars came out of his door, and Ryunosuke Akutagawa was also promoted by him. He persisted in his critical attitude towards Meiji society all his life. On December 9, 1916, Natsume Soseki died of illness. 《I'm a cat》 is his maiden work.
-Through the vision of a kitten, I'm a cat describes the life of his owner, poor teacher Ku Shami, his friends, aesthetician Miting, philosopher Han Yue, poet Dongfeng and so on. They often talk loudly, recite poems and compositions, or tease each other in the Ku Shami's house. The main part of the novel revolves around the marriage of the neighbor capitalist Miss Jintian. In order to choose her son-in-law, Mrs. Jintian asked the Ku Shami about the Han Yue. The Ku Shami's arrogant attitude aroused the retaliation of the Mrs. Jintian. Mr. and Mrs. Jintian instigated his colleagues and students to make him restless, which seriously damaged his body and mind. Finally, another student entrepreneur of kushami, Duoliang Sanping, coveted the Jintian family's money, cheated the Miss Jintian’s favor, and ended the novel in their marriage.
+Through the vision of a kitten, I'm a cat describes the life of his owner, poor teacher Ku Shami, his friends, aesthetician Miting, philosopher Han Yue, poet Dongfeng and so on. They often talk loudly, recite poems and compositions, or tease each other in the Ku Shami's house. The main part of the novel revolves around the marriage of the neighbor capitalist Miss Jintian. In order to choose her son-in-law, Mrs. Jintian asked the Ku Shami about the Han Yue. The Ku Shami's arrogant attitude aroused the retaliation of the Mrs. Jintian. Mr. and Mrs. Jintian instigated his colleagues and students to make him restless, which seriously damaged his body and mind. Finally, another student entrepreneur of kushami, Duoliang Sanping, coveted the Jintian family's money, cheated the Miss Jintian’s favor, and ended the novel in their marriage.(Zhang Xiaomin,2015:21)
 ====A study on the original works and translation of I am a cat====

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 In May 1895, Japan began to colonize Taiwan. After more than 50 years of colonial rule, many people were educated in Japanese. There are many Japanese words rooted in Taiwan. Moreover, many universities have also set up disciplines and lectures related to Japanese literature. The National Chengchi University, where
-Liu Ziqian graduated, opened the Japanese section of the Department of Oriental Philology (now the Department of Japanese Literature) in 1989. In recent years, international conferences on Japanese literature have also been held in Taiwan. There are many translations of Japanese literary works on bookshelves in bookstores in Taiwan. In addition, there are bookstores selling Japanese books instead of translating Japanese books. Japan and Taiwan frequently carry out such cultural exchanges. Liu Ziqian's translation of I am a cat came into being under such a social background. Liu Ziqian specializes in sociology. Then I went to Japan to study. Personally experienced Japanese culture, Japanese society and living habits. Moreover, as a professional translator, Liu Ziqian has translated many Japanese literary works. As a translator in Taiwan, her translation is mainly produced for Taiwanese. There are also many languages in Taiwanese that are the same as Japanese. Therefore, there are many literal translations in Liu Ziqian's translation.(Lan Jiarong,2012)
+Liu Ziqian graduated, opened the Japanese section of the Department of Oriental Philology (now the Department of Japanese Literature) in 1989. In recent years, international conferences on Japanese literature have also been held in Taiwan. There are many translations of Japanese literary works on bookshelves in bookstores in Taiwan. In addition, there are bookstores selling Japanese books instead of translating Japanese books. Japan and Taiwan frequently carry out such cultural exchanges. Liu Ziqian's translation of I am a cat came into being under such a social background. Liu Ziqian specializes in sociology. Then I went to Japan to study. Personally experienced Japanese culture, Japanese society and living habits. Moreover, as a professional translator, Liu Ziqian has translated many Japanese literary works. As a translator in Taiwan, her translation is mainly produced for Taiwanese. There are also many languages in Taiwanese that are the same as Japanese. Therefore, there are many literal translations in Liu Ziqian's translation.(Lan Jiarong,2012:11)
 ===An appreciation of the three Chinese versions of I am a cat from Newmark's theories of "semantic translation" and "communicative translation===

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 It is said to be the most influential translation in academic circles. Therefore, their translation is reliable. The translations of Yu Lei and Liu Zhen were published at the same time. Moreover, the translation background is the same. However, Liu Zhenyan and Yu Lei, who has not studied abroad, have different translation purposes. The translation methods and strategies adopted are also different. Therefore, two translations were selected.
-In Taiwan, there are many translation books of Japanese literary works. There are not only the translations of Taiwanese translators, but also the translations of mainland translators. In the field of Japanese literary translation, exchanges between Mainland China and Taiwan are very frequent. When discussing the translation of Japanese literature in China, the research on the translation of Japanese literature in Taiwan is also very important. It is also meaningful to compare the versions of the mainland and Taiwan. It can enrich each other's language expression ability. Moreover, as a professional translator, Liu Zishu translated many Japanese literary works. In addition, as a modern female translator, its language and performance are different from those of grenade and Daozhen. Therefore, as a representative of Taiwan, I choose Liu Ziqian's translation of I am a cat.
+In Taiwan, there are many translation books of Japanese literary works. There are not only the translations of Taiwanese translators, but also the translations of mainland translators. In the field of Japanese literary translation, exchanges between Mainland China and Taiwan are very frequent. When discussing the translation of Japanese literature in China, the research on the translation of Japanese literature in Taiwan is also very important. It is also meaningful to compare the versions of the mainland and Taiwan. It can enrich each other's language expression ability. Moreover, as a professional translator, Liu Zishu translated many Japanese literary works. In addition, as a modern female translator, its language and performance are different from those of grenade and Daozhen. Therefore, as a representative of Taiwan, I choose Liu Ziqian's translation of I am a cat.(Xian Zhang,2011:41-42)
 ====The authors of the three translations====

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 In the first section, the study on the original and translation of I am a cat is discussed from the perspective of translation. For example, Liushuang (2012) published a paper entitled「文学翻訳における間投詞の働きについてー『吾輩は猫である』の中訳を例にして」, which explains the usage of auxiliary words between the original text and the Chinese translation from the perspective of literal translation and free translation. This paper analyzes the role of interval words in character description, character image description and psychological activity description. Zhang Xiaomin (2015) analyzed the influencing factors of translation methods and strategies according to three translation norms in a study on the translation of nonverbal (expression) expressions - centered on the two translations of I am a cat. In a study「日本文学作品の翻訳研究ー『吾輩は猫である』の両訳本を中心に」, Yang Juan (2015) selected the versions of the mainland Yu’s edition and the Taiwan Zhao’s edition, and analyzed the versions of Yu’s edition and Zhao’s edition by using the synchronic narrative comparative research method.
-According to relevant literature, the original translation is included in the「五四運動以来の日本文学研究と翻訳目次」published by the Institute of Foreign Studies of Northeast Normal University. This translation is published by Fengwen bookstore. The translator is Cheng Boxuan. Later, the people's Literature Publishing House published 『夏目漱石選集』 in 1958.The anthology contains the works translated by Hu Xue and his (that is, You Bingqi) and the works translated by Li Yongwei in Taiwan. Since the 1990s, many translations have been published.
+According to relevant literature, the original translation is included in the「五四運動以来の日本文学研究と翻訳目次」published by the Institute of Foreign Studies of Northeast Normal University. This translation is published by Fengwen bookstore. The translator is Cheng Boxuan. Later, the people's Literature Publishing House published 『夏目漱石選集』 in 1958.The anthology contains the works translated by Hu Xue and his (that is, You Bingqi) and the works translated by Li Yongwei in Taiwan. Since the 1990s, many translations have been published.(Wang Zheng,2007:89-91)
 ====Selection of the translation of I am a cat====

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 Peter Newmark defined communicative translation and semantic translation in his approachesto translation. "Communicative translation means that the effect of the translated text on the target readers is as equal as that of the original text on the original readers as possible. Semantic translation means that the contextual meaning of the original text is reproduced as accurately as possible on the premise that the semantic and syntactic structure of the target language allow." semantic translation regards the words and sentences of the original text as sacred and inviolable, even if there are ambiguities and errors in the original text. Newmark said: "the purpose of communicative translation is to reproduce the same effect felt by the original readers in the target language as much as possible".
-Semantic translation pursues the accuracy of the translation and mainly serves the primitive culture and the original author. It can be explained only when there is the greatest obstacle to the understanding of the meaning of the original text. Communicative translation pays more attention to readers' response, has strong subjectivity and serves the target culture. In order not to leave something difficult to understand, the translator can even revise the original work. Although there are great differences between semantic translation and communicative translation, they also have considerable unity in literary translation. If semantic translation and communicative translation can be used to convey at the same time, it may be the most "expressiveness" translation. However, if "the original text is important", we should be faithful to the original text and choose semantic translation. If readers cannot accept the information conveyed by the original text and the original information is not very important, they can choose communicative translation in a language more acceptable to the target language readers.(Written by Jeremy Munday translated by Li Defeng,2007)
+Semantic translation pursues the accuracy of the translation and mainly serves the primitive culture and the original author. It can be explained only when there is the greatest obstacle to the understanding of the meaning of the original text. Communicative translation pays more attention to readers' response, has strong subjectivity and serves the target culture. In order not to leave something difficult to understand, the translator can even revise the original work. Although there are great differences between semantic translation and communicative translation, they also have considerable unity in literary translation. If semantic translation and communicative translation can be used to convey at the same time, it may be the most "expressiveness" translation. However, if "the original text is important", we should be faithful to the original text and choose semantic translation. If readers cannot accept the information conveyed by the original text and the original information is not very important, they can choose communicative translation in a language more acceptable to the target language readers.(Written by Jeremy Munday translated by Li Defeng,2007)(Yu Zhen,2000.72-76)
 ===The selection of the three versions and the introduction of the translator and the background of their translation===