Creat App Theo EN 1 - Revision history

EIMONKYAW: /* References */

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References

EIMONKYAW: /* Conclusion */

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Conclusion

EIMONKYAW: /* Cultural transfer for Appropriateness Theory */

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Cultural transfer for Appropriateness Theory

EIMONKYAW: /* Translation Ethics for Appropriateness Theory */

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Translation Ethics for Appropriateness Theory

EIMONKYAW: /* Translation Ethics for Appropriateness Theory */

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Translation Ethics for Appropriateness Theory

EIMONKYAW: /* Translation Ethics for Appropriateness Theory */

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Translation Ethics for Appropriateness Theory

EIMONKYAW: /* Translation Ethics for Appropriateness Theory */

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Translation Ethics for Appropriateness Theory

Yin Meida: /* Key words */

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Key words

Yin Meida: /* Abstract */

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Abstract

EIMONKYAW: /* Conclusion */

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Conclusion

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 Lecturer, A., & Jabir, J. K. (2006). SKOPOS THEORY: BASIC PRINCIPLES AND DEFICIENCIES. In Journal of the College of Arts. University of Basrah No (Issue 41).
-Liangun 连云, S. 申. (2014). 从“操控”到“投降” ——全球化背景下翻译伦理模式构想 From “Manipulation” to “Surrender” - Conception of Translation Ethics Model in the Context of Globalization. Journal of National 211 Project Universities .
+Liangun 连云, S. 申. (2014). 从“操控”到“投降” ——全球化背景下翻译伦理模式构想 From “Manipulation” to “Surrender” - Conception of Translation Ethics Model in the Context of Globalization. Journal of National 211 Project Universities 国家211工程高校学报.
 Lili, Z. (2016). Study of Business English Translation Based on the Three Rules of Skopos Theory.

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 ==Conclusion==
-Translators and interpreters seem to rather strive for balance, i.e., to apply a balanced translation strategy that is generally accepted and also perceived as "appropriate" by the translators/interpreters themselves (Woesler, 2021: 1-5). To sum up, the ‘Theory of Appropriateness’ comes with the practical solutions to the limitations of Skopos Theory that need to be modified. To be a proper translation, the translators must consider appropriateness, translation ethics, loyalty plus function, ideology, theory of manipulation plus theory of surrender, cultural transfer and artificial intelligence according to “Appropriateness Theory”. However, the 'appropriateness' rule is dominating and the most important rule in translation activity.
+Translators and interpreters seem to rather strive for balance, i.e., to apply a balanced translation strategy that is generally accepted and also perceived as "appropriate" by the translators/interpreters themselves (Woesler, 2021: 1-5). To sum up, the ‘Theory of Appropriateness’ comes with the practical solutions to the limitations of Skopos Theory that need to be modified. To be a proper translation, the translators must consider appropriateness, translation ethics, loyalty plus function, ideology, theory of manipulation plus theory of surrender, cultural transfer and artificial intelligence according to “Appropriateness Theory”. However, the 'appropriateness' rule must be dominating and the most important rule in translation activity.
 ==References==

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 ===Cultural transfer for Appropriateness Theory===
-Fuentes Luque and Kelly (2000:241, cited in Baker, 2009: 9-10) pointed out that ‘the role of the translator in international advertising . . . can in no way be limited to “purely linguistic” issues’, and suggest that translators of advertising material should be to become ‘intercultural experts’. Guidère (2001, cited in Baker, 2009: 9-10) agreed that ‘to accomplish his mission successfully, the translator is required to think and to integrate a certain amount of data, not only about marketing and basic communication, but also about geopolitics and ethnology’.
+Fuentes Luque and Kelly (2000:241, cited in Baker, 2009: 9-10) pointed out that ''‘the role of the translator in international advertising . . . can in no way be limited to “purely linguistic” issues’'', and suggest that translators of advertising material should be to become ‘intercultural experts’. Guidère (2001, cited in Baker, 2009: 9-10) agreed that ''‘to accomplish his mission successfully, the translator is required to think and to integrate a certain amount of data, not only about marketing and basic communication, but also about geopolitics and ethnology’''.
 Adab (2001, cited in Baker, 2009: 9-10) similarly stresses the importance of cultural values in that the discussion of cultural issues in the translation of advertising material would particularly benefit from insights on the cultural adaptation of European or American advertising campaigns and messages for non-Western audiences. Ho (2004, cited in Baker, 2009: 9-10) analyses the cultural adjustments he introduced in his own translation of commercial advertising for Singapore as a tourist destination, again from English into Chinese.

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 ''"In Fourth Moon the fragrance of flowers leaves the mundane world,''
-''At this mountain temple the peach has barely begun to bloom"''(Shao & Liu, 2017: 1921-1922).
+''At this mountain temple the peach has barely begun to bloom"'' (Shao & Liu, 2017: 1921-1922).
 But there is no such artistic conception and aesthetic feeling in the English introduction (Shao & Liu, 2017, 1921-1922).

@@ Line 132: / Line 132: @@
 ''"In Fourth Moon the fragrance of flowers leaves the mundane world,''
-''At this mountain temple the peach has barely begun to bloom."''
+''At this mountain temple the peach has barely begun to bloom"''(Shao & Liu, 2017: 1921-1922).
 But there is no such artistic conception and aesthetic feeling in the English introduction (Shao & Liu, 2017, 1921-1922).

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 ''“It was commonly believed that flowers were withered under the mountain, while in full bloom at the top of the mountain on the contrary.”''
 Seeing from the content, it should be the imitation to Bai Juyi’s following verses:
-''“In Fourth Moon the fragrance of flowers leaves the mundane world,
+''"In Fourth Moon the fragrance of flowers leaves the mundane world,''
-At this mountain temple the peach has barely begun to bloom.”''
+''At this mountain temple the peach has barely begun to bloom."''
 But there is no such artistic conception and aesthetic feeling in the English introduction (Shao & Liu, 2017, 1921-1922).

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 Based on Chesterman's Ethics of Representation, the translator should be faithful to the original text. Therefore, Chinese-English translation of scenic spots should be as close as possible with Chinese materials to the content, style and effects. However, the phenomenon of random deletion to English translation of scenic spots materials is very serious. Such as, the English translation of the Flower Path (One of LuShan Mountain’s important attractions) is as follows (http://www.china-lushan.com/en/detail.php?act=scenic&id=2):
-“It was commonly believed that flowers were withered under the mountain, while in full bloom at the top of the mountain on the contrary. You can enjoy all kinds of rare flowers and amazing Violin-like Lake at the same time” (Shao & Liu, 2017: 1921-1922).
+''“It was commonly believed that flowers were withered under the mountain, while in full bloom at the top of the mountain on the contrary. You can enjoy all kinds of rare flowers and amazing Violin-like Lake at the same time”'' (Shao & Liu, 2017: 1921-1922).
 However, its Chinese language content is very rich. It mentioned in the Tang Dynasty, poet Bai Juyi was demoted to Jiangzhou (Jiujiang), and he went sightseeing here. It was the late spring, and at the foot of the hill, peach blossom had faded, but here, it was still in blossom. Such a special phenomenon stimulated Bai Juyi’s strong feeling, and he wrote the famous poem Dalin Temple Peach Blossoms. In the Flower Diameter Pavilion, the two words “Flower Path” were engraved in a stone and words said that the two words were written by Bai Juyi. Based on such a special historical allusion, the present name--the Flower Path was got. So, the introduction of Chinese highlights the cultural heritage of the site. However, English translation has lost its rich cultural connotation and national characteristics (Shao & Liu, 2017: 1921-1922).
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 Chesterman's Ethics of Service regards translation as a commercial behavior serving customers, so translators are required to provide excellent service to customers. In addition to translation standard, the translation of scenic spots should also highlight the characteristics, excavate the cultural heritage and publicize the eye-catching points. The first English sentence that introduces “the Flower Path” of Lu Shan Mountain is as follows:
-“It was commonly believed that flowers were withered under the mountain, while in full bloom at the top of the mountain on the contrary.”
+''“It was commonly believed that flowers were withered under the mountain, while in full bloom at the top of the mountain on the contrary.”''
 Seeing from the content, it should be the imitation to Bai Juyi’s following verses:
-“In Fourth Moon the fragrance of flowers leaves the mundane world,
+''“In Fourth Moon the fragrance of flowers leaves the mundane world,
-At this mountain temple the peach has barely begun to bloom.”
+At this mountain temple the peach has barely begun to bloom.”''
 But there is no such artistic conception and aesthetic feeling in the English introduction (Shao & Liu, 2017, 1921-1922).
@@ Line 139: / Line 139: @@
 From the moral and spiritual aspects, Chesterman's Ethics of Commitment mainly emphasizes the translator's professional ethics (Chen Shunyi,2015:111, cited in Shao & Liu, 2017: 1921-1922). In the official website (http://sqs.sqs.gov.cn/) of Mount Sanqingshan, Jiangxi, “National 5A Class Scenic Spot” is translated into “National Tourist Attraction”, and “5A” is deleted at will, so how can the foreign tourists realize it’s a 5A level scenic spot? It is thus clear that translation of scenic spots should be standardized.
 Pym (1997, cited in Farahmand & Hadaegh, n.d.: 3-4) listed five ethical principles:

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 ==Key words==
 Skopos Theory, Appropriateness Theory, Translational Studies
 ==What is Translation Studies?==

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:59, 15 December 2021
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	Skopos Theory has signaled for the paradigm shift, from linguistics to functionalism, due to its focus of translation that lies between extra-linguistic factors (i.e., culture and client) and textual factors (i.e., the ‘purpose’ of a text) (Trisnawati, 2014: 246). Vermeer used ‘skopos’, which literally means ‘a purpose’, as a distinct technical term and stated that any translation is an action and goal-oriented, thus any translating action needs to have a purpose, or a skopos that plays a role as “the prime principle determining any translation process” (Trisnawati, 2014: 246). However, it also has some deficiencies, including the ambiguity of the “skopos”, the undervaluation of source text and writer, the unfalsifiability of Skopos Theory and the ambiguity of evaluation criteria for the target text (Yang, 2020: 2-6). Consequently, the new theory called Appropriateness Theory is derived to give a new way of thinking about the concept of translation and the role of translator or target reader in the translation process. This paper aims to develop a new theory “Theory of Appropriateness” by addressing some shortcomings of Skopos Theory and shed some light on the translation field.		Skopos Theory has signaled for the paradigm shift, from linguistics to functionalism, due to its focus of translation that lies between extra-linguistic factors (i.e., culture and client) and textual factors (i.e., the ‘purpose’ of a text) (Trisnawati, 2014: 246). Vermeer used ‘skopos’, which literally means ‘a purpose’, as a distinct technical term and stated that any translation is an action and goal-oriented, thus any translating action needs to have a purpose, or a skopos that plays a role as “the prime principle determining any translation process” (Trisnawati, 2014: 246). However, it also has some deficiencies, including the ambiguity of the “skopos”, the undervaluation of source text and writer, the unfalsifiability of Skopos Theory and the ambiguity of evaluation criteria for the target text (Yang, 2020: 2-6). Consequently, the new theory called Appropriateness Theory is derived to give a new way of thinking about the concept of translation and the role of translator or target reader in the translation process. This paper aims to develop a new theory “Theory of Appropriateness” by addressing some shortcomings of Skopos Theory and shed some light on the translation field.
		+
		+	由于翻译的焦点在于语言之外的因素（如文化和委托人）以及文本因素（如文本目的） (Trisnawati, 2014: 246)，目的论标志着范式的转变，即从语言学转向功能主义。弗米尔将"目的"当作一个特定的术语，声称任何翻译都是一种行为，都是以目的为导向的，因此任何翻译行为都需要一个目的，作为"决定任何翻译过程的主要原则"(Trisnawati, 2014: 246)。然而，目的论仍然存在一些缺陷，包括"目的"的模糊性，对原文和作者不够重视，目的论的不可证伪性以及对译文的评价标准较为模糊(Yang, 2020: 2-6)。最后将得出一个新的理论即适用性理论，该理论将为翻译的概念，翻译过程中译者和译语读者的角色探讨提供一种新的思考方式。本文旨在通过解决目的论中的一些不足之处来发展"适用性理论"，并且为翻译领域带来一些新的启示。

	==Key words==		==Key words==