Cult Load Words EN 3 - Revision history

Luo Xi: /* 3 罗曦 Gary Snyder’s Translation of the Culture-loaded Words in Han Shan’s Poems from the Perspective of the Functionalist Skopos Theory */

2021-12-16T03:36:49Z

3 罗曦 Gary Snyder’s Translation of the Culture-loaded Words in Han Shan’s Poems from the Perspective of the Functionalist Skopos Theory

Luo Xi: /* 3 罗曦 Gary Snyder’s Translation of the Culture-loaded Words in Han Shan’s Poems from the Perspective of the Functionalist Skopos Theory */

2021-12-16T03:35:08Z

3 罗曦 Gary Snyder’s Translation of the Culture-loaded Words in Han Shan’s Poems from the Perspective of the Functionalist Skopos Theory

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Luo Xi: /* Generalisation */

2021-12-16T02:56:42Z

Generalisation

Luo Xi: /* Classification of Culture-loaded Words */

2021-12-16T02:55:04Z

Classification of Culture-loaded Words

Luo Xi: /* Introduction */

2021-12-16T02:53:07Z

Introduction

Luo Xi: /* 3 罗曦 Gary Snyder’s Translation of the Culture-loaded Words in Han Shan’s Poems from the Perspective of the Functionalist Skopos Theory */

2021-12-15T14:49:48Z

3 罗曦 Gary Snyder’s Translation of the Culture-loaded Words in Han Shan’s Poems from the Perspective of the Functionalist Skopos Theory

Luo Xi: /* Reference */

2021-12-15T14:19:15Z

Reference

Luo Xi at 04:43, 14 December 2021

2021-12-14T04:43:13Z

Luo Xi at 04:42, 14 December 2021

2021-12-14T04:42:04Z

Luo Xi: /* 3 罗曦 Gary Snyder’s Translation of the Culture-loaded Words in Han Shan’s Poems from the Perspective of the Functionalist Skopos Theory */

2021-12-14T04:35:53Z

3 罗曦 Gary Snyder’s Translation of the Culture-loaded Words in Han Shan’s Poems from the Perspective of the Functionalist Skopos Theory

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 [[DCG-To-Do|To the To Do list]]
-=3 罗曦 Gary Snyder’s Translation of the Culture-loaded Words in Han Shan’s Poems from the Perspective of the Functionalist Skopos Theory =
+=3 Gary Snyder’s Translation of the Culture-loaded Words in Han Shan’s Poems from the Perspective of the Functionalist Skopos Theory =
 [[Cult_Load_Words_EN_3]]

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 Generally speaking, such translations lose the nuance and precision of the original. However, it can be used when necessary. For example, the translator translates "lily" as "flower",which is a kind of "generalisation".
 (Guo Xiaochun,2015,36-37)
 ==The Functionalist Skopos Theory ==

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 ===Classification of Culture-loaded Words===
-A number of scholars, both nationally and internationally, have classified culture-loaded words. Given that Eugene A. Nida’s classification of culture- loaded words has been influential, who is a distinguished American linguist and translator，and his five categories of texts are relatively parallel. This paper classifies the culture-loaded words in Gary Snyder's translation of Han Shan's poems according to Nida's classification of culture-loaded words.
+A number of scholars, both nationally and internationally, have classified culture-loaded words. Given that Eugene A. Nida’s classification of culture- loaded words has been influential, who is a distinguished American linguist and translator，and his five categories of texts are relatively parallel.
 According to Naida's classification, culture-loaded words can be divided into five categories: ecocultural-loaded words,physical material culture-loaded words, sociocultural-loaded words, religious culture-loaded words, and linguistic culture-loaded words(Nida,1993)
 ==The Translation methods of culture-loaded words==

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 ==Introduction==
 Gary Snyder (1930-) is a contemporary American poet as well as an environmentalist. There are profound ecological awareness and themes in his poems, and he is also well-known as one of the member in “beat generation”，which is a group of people who take an arm against the corrupted and hypocritical American society. In order to save people’s hollow spirit at that time, Gary Snyder resort to other culture. For example, he absorbed the thinking of Zen in Japan, and tried to disseminate the essence of it among American, so he translated Han Shan’s poems, who is a Chinese monk and poet in Tang dynasty showing Zen spirit in his poems. Culture-loaded words can express different ideologies in different countries, and the analysis on Gary Snyder’s translation of the culture-loaded words in Han Shan’s poems has found that Snyder’s translation is consistent with the idea of Functionalist Skopos Theory. This theory proposes that all the methods and strategies of translating depend on the purpose of the translation，and Gary Snyder didn’t translate the culture-loaded words in Han Shan’s poems faithfully to meet his own need, which is consistent with the Functionalist Skopos Theory. Through analyzing different strategies used by Gary Snyder in his translation, this paper aims to probe the pros and cons of Functionalist Skopos Theory and the significance of Gary Snyder’s translation in transcultural communication.（Guo Xiaochun，2015，1-2）
 ==Culture-loaded Words==

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 We can find that the Functionalist Skopos Theory is beneficial to Gary Snyder’s creative rebellion, because the principle of fidelity is inferior to the coherence and the purpose. Thus, Gary Snyder can extricate himself from the translation limitation, that is to say, he can changed both the forms and the meanings of the original text to achieve his targets. Only in this way can Han Shan’s poems be transmitted to America and arise many people’s attention in another country.--[[User:He Qin|He Qin]] ([[User talk:He Qin|talk]]) 14:18, 13 December 2021 (UTC)
-[[File:]]== Reference ==
+== Reference ==
 SnyderGary（1965）. Riprap and Cold Mountain Poems [M]. America : Shoemaker & Hoard, 1965.
-Guo Xiaochun 郭小春（ 2015）. 寒山诗在美国的接受和变异研究. The research on the acceptance and variation of Gary Snyder’s poems in America.无出版地 : 西南交通大学, 2015.
+Guo Xiaochun 郭小春（ 2015）. 寒山诗在美国的接受和变异研究 [D] The research on the acceptance and variation of Gary Snyder’s poems in America . 四川  Si Chuan : 西南交通大学 SWU
-Liao Qiyi 廖七一. 2000 当代西方翻译理论探索[M].  南京:  译林出版社.
+Liao Qiyi 廖七一（2000）. 当代西方翻译理论探索[M] The Exploration of the Contemporary Western Translation Theories.  南京 Nan Jing:  译林出版社 Yilin Press.
-—. 2001 当代英国翻译理论[M].  武汉:  湖北教育出版社.
+—. （2001）当代英国翻译理论[M] The Theories of the Contemporary English Translation Theories.  武汉 Wu Han:  湖北教育出版社 Hu Bei Educational Press.
-Xiang Chu 项楚．寒山诗注［Ｍ］．北京：中华书局，２０００.
+Xiang Chu 项楚（2000）. 寒山诗注［Ｍ］Explanations of Han Shan’s Poems．北京 Beijing：中华书局 Chinese Bookstore.
-Xue Xiaojuan 薛晓娟. 2013. 功能主义目的论视角下《丰乳肥臀》英译本文化因素的翻译研究. 无出版地 : 华东理工大学
+Xue Xiaojuan 薛晓娟（2013）. 功能主义目的论视角下《丰乳肥臀》英译本文化因素的翻译研究[D]  A Study of the Cultural Factors in the English Translation of The Bountiful Bump from a Functionalist Purposive Perspective  . 上海 Shang Hai : 华东理工大学 East China University of Science and Technology.
-Zhao Weirong 赵渭绒. 2011. 从变异学的角度看寒山诗在中美的接受差异［Ｊ］. 中外文化与文论. 2011年, 2.
+Zhao Weirong 赵渭绒（ 2011）. 从变异学的角度看寒山诗在中美的接受差异［Ｊ］Differences in the reception of Hanshan's poems in China and the United States from a variationist perspective. 中外文化与文论. 2011年, 2.
-Zhong Ling 钟玲. 2002. 寒山诗的流传［Ａ］，香港中国古典文学研究论文（１９５０－２０００）［Ｃ］．. 无出版地 : 南京：凤凰出版社, 2002.
+Zhong Ling 钟玲（2002）. 寒山诗的流传［Ａ］The Spread of Han Shan’s poems，香港中国古典文学研究论文（１９５０－２０００）［Ｃ］. 南京 Nan Jing：凤凰出版社 Phoenix Press
-—. 2008. 寒山与美国诗歌作品，１９８０至２００７［Ｊ］．. 无出版地 : 学术论坛, 2008.
+—. 2008. 寒山与美国诗歌作品，１９８０至２００７［Ｊ］Han Shan and American’s works from 1980 to 2007. 北京 Peking : 学术论坛 Academic Forum
-Zhou Xiaoling 周晓琳. 2008. 寒山诗在美国的传布与接受［Ｊ］. 西南政法大学学报. 2008年, 2
+Zhou Xiaoling 周晓琳（2008）. 寒山诗在美国的传布与接受［Ｊ］The Spread and Acceptance of Han Shan’s poems in America. 西南政法大学学报 The Journal Of South West Political University.

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 罗曦 Luo Xi, Hunan Normal University, China
-=Abstract=
+==Abstract==
 Since the 1970s, the German functionalist school, represented by Rice, Vermeer, Mantali and the Nordic school, has provided a new perspective for translation studies. According to this school, the translation process is governed by various factors, and the purpose of the act of translation determines the whole process of the act of translation. Taking the Functionalist Skopos Theory as the theoretical framework, this paper selects Gary Snyder's translation of Han shan's poetry as the object of study, and based on Nida's classification of the cultural factors involved in translation, namely ecological culture, material culture, social culture, religious culture and linguistic culture, it conducts a comparative analysis of the cultural-loaded words in the Chinese and English versions of Han shan's poetry, and draws the following conclusions: the translator adopts different types of approaches to translate different culture- loaded words. The overall aim of the translation is to spread the idea of indifference to fame and fortune in Han shan's poetry and to draw the attention of Americans to the protection of the environment by vividly restoring the beautiful nature images in Hanshan's poems. It has been proven that Gary Snyder's translations of his poems have led to a 'Han shan hit ' in the United States and have achieved his intended goal of translation. However, Snyder also distorted the image of Han shan to a certain extent, transforming him from a Chinese monk into a hippie figure. Although this facilitates the rapid integration of the translated poem into the culture of the target language for Snyder's use, it also creates a misinterpretation of Han shan's image by the Americans. On the whole, however, the English translation of Han shan's poetry is conducive to the outreach of Chinese culture. The success of Snyder's English translation of Hanshan's poem proves that Functionalist Skopos Theory is a practical guide in literary translation, and that the three principles of the Functionalist Skopos Theory  can increase the speed of achieving the purpose of translation with maximum efficiency.
-=Key Words=
+==Key Words==
 the Functionalist Skopos Theory； Gary Snyder； Culture-loaded Words；Han Shan
-= 摘要 =
+==摘要==
 世纪70年代以来，以赖斯、维梅尔、曼塔利和诺德学派为代表的德国功能主义学派为翻译研究提供了一个全新的视角。根据这一学派的观点，翻译过程受各种因素的制约，翻译行为的目的决定了翻译行为的整个过程。本文以德国功能主义目的论为理论框架，选择加里斯奈德对寒山诗歌的翻译作为研究对象，以奈达对翻译中涉及的文化因素的分类为基础，即生态文化、物质文化、社会文化、宗教文化和语言文化，对寒山诗歌的中英文版本中的文化负载词进行了比较分析，并得出了以下结论：译者对不同的文化负载词采取了不同的翻译策略和方法，其总目的为通过翻译寒山的诗歌传播其诗歌中淡泊名利的思想，并通过生动还原寒山诗中优美的自然之境引起美国人对保护环境的重视。据考证，加里斯奈德的译诗传至美国后引发了“寒山热”，达到了他预期的翻译目标。然而，斯奈德也在一定程度上扭曲了寒山的形象，使寒山从一个中国和尚摇身一变，成了嬉皮士的代表。虽然这有利于使译诗快速融入目标语文化，为斯奈德所用，但也造成了美国人对寒山形象的一种误读。但从整体看，英译寒山诗歌有利于中国文化走出去。斯奈德英译寒山诗的成功证明了功能主义目的论在文学翻译中具有实际的指导作用，而功能主义目的论的三原则可以最大效率地达成翻译目的