Cult Load Words EN 6 - Revision history

Du Lina: /* Chapter 6:On the English Translation of Culture-loaded Words in Chinese Tourism Text from the Perspective of Intercultural Communication—Exemplifies by Zhangjiajie */

2021-12-30T14:27:36Z

Chapter 6:On the English Translation of Culture-loaded Words in Chinese Tourism Text from the Perspective of Intercultural Communication—Exemplifies by Zhangjiajie

Du Lina: /* Conclusion */

2021-12-22T12:20:48Z

Conclusion

Du Lina: /* The Relationships between Language, Culture and Translation */

2021-12-22T12:19:41Z

The Relationships between Language, Culture and Translation

Du Lina: /* Introduction */

2021-12-22T12:18:17Z

Introduction

Du Lina: /* Translation Strategies of Culture-loaded Words in Tourism texts */

2021-12-22T12:17:46Z

Translation Strategies of Culture-loaded Words in Tourism texts

Show changes

Du Lina: /* Introduction */

2021-12-22T12:14:48Z

Introduction

Gong Boya: /* Conclusion */

2021-12-15T12:05:38Z

Conclusion

Gong Boya: /* Foreignizatiom Strategy */

2021-12-15T11:58:13Z

Foreignizatiom Strategy

Gong Boya: /* Some Potential Problems in Translation of Chinese Tourism Texts */

2021-12-15T11:54:31Z

Some Potential Problems in Translation of Chinese Tourism Texts

Du Lina: /* References */

2021-12-14T04:01:28Z

References

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:27, 30 December 2021
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−	=Chapter 6:On the English Translation of Culture-loaded Words in Chinese Tourism Text from the Perspective of Intercultural ~~Communication—Exemplifies~~ by Zhangjiajie=	+	=Chapter 6:On the English Translation of Culture-loaded Words in Chinese Tourism Text from the Perspective of Intercultural Communication—Exemplified by Zhangjiajie=
	''' 跨文化交际视角下旅游文本中文化负载词的英译翻译研究--以张家界为例'''		''' 跨文化交际视角下旅游文本中文化负载词的英译翻译研究--以张家界为例'''

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 === Conclusion ===
-我们的时代是全球化时代。跨文化交际已经成为这个时代的一个突出特征。L.S.Harms认为，在世界范围内的人类交际经历了五个阶段，第五个阶段为跨文化交际，我们现正处于这第五个阶段。（胡文仲 1999：2）。有鉴于此，我们不但应该了解全球的文化，还应该让中国文化走向世界。中国已经成为全世界最大的旅游目的地国之一。而旅游实则是一种非常典型的文化活动，一种非常典型的跨文化交际。（陈刚 2004：324）
+我们的时代是全球化时代。跨文化交际已经成为这个时代的一个突出特征。L.S.Harms认为，在世界范围内的人类交际经历了五个阶段，第五个阶段为跨文化交际，我们现正处于这第五个阶段。（胡文仲，1999：2）。有鉴于此，我们不但应该了解全球的文化，还应该让中国文化走向世界。中国已经成为全世界最大的旅游目的地国之一。而旅游实则是一种非常典型的文化活动，一种非常典型的跨文化交际。（陈刚，2004：324）
 文化负载词承载着当地的深厚文化和历史底蕴，在翻译时应当仔细斟酌，译者应多方面考虑，对于英语中有对应项，直接采用英语对应词不折损文化传递的词可以进行采用直译；没有对应项目时，可以采取音译和引申，这主要应用于一些特色的地名 ；难以直译时，考虑结合语境综合理解文化负载词，表达其中的意思，对于无关词项可以省略。无论采取哪一种翻译方法，译者均应综合考虑语言、文化和跨文化交际，保持中国自信，以弘扬中国文化为最终目的。
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 本文从跨文化交际出发，浅析文化负载词的英汉翻译策略，虽在论证方面仍有诸多不足，主要由于学术经验不足，表达还有欠缺，研究结果比较肤浅，但仍期望对我国旅游翻译建设提供些许帮助。笔者也将不断提升自己的翻译能力和学术能力，积累经验，期望能为我国跨文化研究和旅游翻译研究提供更多有建设性的帮助。
-Today is a globalization time whose distinct characteristic is intercultural communication. L.S. Harms belives that  the communication between huamans has experienced five stages in which the fifth one is cross-cultural communication we are in now.(Hu Wenzhong 1999:2). On this basis, we should realiza the other cuture all over the word as well as carrying on Chinese culture to the world. China has become one of the biggest tourists' destination in the world,and tourism is a really typical cultural activity and a intercultual communication activity.(Hu Wenzhong 1999:2)(Chen Gang 2004:324)
+Today is a globalization time whose distinct characteristic is intercultural communication. L.S. Harms belives that  the communication between huamans has experienced five stages in which the fifth one is cross-cultural communication we are in now.(Hu Wenzhong，1999:2). On this basis, we should realiza the other cuture all over the word as well as carrying on Chinese culture to the world. China has become one of the biggest tourists' destination in the world,and tourism is a really typical cultural activity and a intercultual communication activity.
 Culture-loaded words bear an abundance of historical and cultural represents. In the process of translation, a translator should carefully consider in the choice of word. If there is a correspondent term in English and using it without influences to cultural expression; if there is no correspondent terms, transliteration and amplification is appropriate especially in application of translation of some characteristic place name; if there are difficulties to literal translation, it is necessary to comprehensively understand culture-loaded words under the relative context, just expressing the meaning of them and sometimes leaving out some irrelevant words. However, no matter which strategy is adopted, all translators should deeply consider three aspects of language, culture and cross-cultural communication, keeping China’s confidence and taking carrying forward Chinese culture as the destination. And what a translator should have done is functional equivalence in the tanslation of cutual words as the proposition of Nida(2001:97).

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 Language is a really special part of culture. Firstly, it provides basis to the culture and through it culture can be remained and pass to next generation. Then language directly truthfully reflexed culture. So as Wang Zuoliang said after realizing social culture in a language one can really grasp it.（Fang Mengzhi，2011）
-The functions of translation lie on human communication, information exchanges, business etc. Among them, cultural commission is a considerably important part. Zheng Liuyi（2012）mentioned that culture is a complicated system in which all kinds of aspects in human life are involved. If we regard that the culture system is comprised by many small systems in which language is the most important systema and bear the feature of relative independence. As a matter of fact, language plays an irreplaceable role in cultural construction, commission, communication between different cultures, creation etc. Meanwhile, diverse cultural traits tend to contribute to different language features. In other words, culture is significance of language as the assertion of the famous linguist Saussure “any literal language is production of language and finally it will separate from the range of nature or spoken language.” Besides, as cultural symbols language is a part of process of cultural creation, which is vividly expressed in some cultural loss phenomena like untranslatability and undertranslation.（Zheng Liuyi 2012）
+The functions of translation lie on human communication, information exchanges, business etc. Among them, cultural commission is a considerably important part. Zheng Liuyi（2012）mentioned that culture is a complicated system in which all kinds of aspects in human life are involved. If we regard that the culture system is comprised by many small systems in which language is the most important systema and bear the feature of relative independence. As a matter of fact, language plays an irreplaceable role in cultural construction, commission, communication between different cultures, creation etc. Meanwhile, diverse cultural traits tend to contribute to different language features. In other words, culture is significance of language as the assertion of the famous linguist Saussure “any literal language is production of language and finally it will separate from the range of nature or spoken language.” Besides, as cultural symbols language is a part of process of cultural creation, which is vividly expressed in some cultural loss phenomena like untranslatability and undertranslation.（Zheng Liuyi，2012）
 In intercultural communicaton, a translator should first emphasize function of tranlation of cultual exchanges and pay attention to the cultural gap between differnet language. Especially in the process of golibalization, cultural invasion has become a common and natural phenomenon, which makes Chinese traditional culture be negelected by people particularly in young people. Therefore, taking Chinese culture as a translator's responsibility is an important and emergent thought change.

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 === Introduction ===
-中华上下五千年，文化源远流长。随着中国综合国力不断提高，中国在世界上的地位举足轻重，从一带一路、和平共处五项原则到中国特色社会主义无一不体现着儒家、道家哲学思想，因此，在当今的文化交流中，保留中华火种、弘扬中国文化是非常必要的。文化负载词翻译研究便是一种重要的本土文化保护方式。文化负载词指那些富有一定文化背景或者深刻文化意蕴的词语，在一定的历史阶段沉淀后，产生的带有文化性质的词语、谚语、典故、特殊的人物名称的表达，除此之外，它还包括现行的熟语和习语（方梦之 2011：297）。
+中华上下五千年，文化源远流长。随着中国综合国力不断提高，中国在世界上的地位举足轻重，从一带一路、和平共处五项原则到中国特色社会主义无一不体现着儒家、道家哲学思想，因此，在当今的文化交流中，保留中华火种、弘扬中国文化是非常必要的。文化负载词翻译研究便是一种重要的本土文化保护方式。文化负载词指那些富有一定文化背景或者深刻文化意蕴的词语，在一定的历史阶段沉淀后，产生的带有文化性质的词语、谚语、典故、特殊的人物名称的表达，除此之外，它还包括现行的熟语和习语（方梦之，2011：297）。
 New Mark（2001：95）将文化负载词分为生态学、物质文化、社会文化、社会、政治、经济、行政机构以及声势语言学这几类。由此可见，文化负载词涉及范围广泛，且随着时间的推移层出不穷，语言交流中这类词语也是最能体现某一社会文化信息、社会价值以及反映本土生活的表达。旅游文本涉及的文化词语范围广泛，从山川河流、博物馆、建筑、特色美食到动植物应有尽有，为文化负载词的研究提供了丰富且合适的资源。他国人了解本国文化时采用的最直接的方式便是旅游，我国山川壮阔、风景秀丽、美食众多，各国游客慕名前来。在中国，基本上各大景点都设有英文翻译，目前，多数景点也已设日文、韩文等翻译。它不仅是文化负载词研究的重点语料，也是跨文化交际的重要途径，因为它塑造了他国对我国文化的第一印象，在弘扬我国文化方面发挥着重要作用。因此，旅游文本的重要性可见一斑。本文选用跨文化交际为视角来分析旅游文本中文化负载词的翻译原则和翻译策略，以此来看语言、文化和翻译之间的相互关系。

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 New Mark（2001：95）将文化负载词分为生态学、物质文化、社会文化、社会、政治、经济、行政机构以及声势语言学这几类。由此可见，文化负载词涉及范围广泛，且随着时间的推移层出不穷，语言交流中这类词语也是最能体现某一社会文化信息、社会价值以及反映本土生活的表达。旅游文本涉及的文化词语范围广泛，从山川河流、博物馆、建筑、特色美食到动植物应有尽有，为文化负载词的研究提供了丰富且合适的资源。他国人了解本国文化时采用的最直接的方式便是旅游，我国山川壮阔、风景秀丽、美食众多，各国游客慕名前来。在中国，基本上各大景点都设有英文翻译，目前，多数景点也已设日文、韩文等翻译。它不仅是文化负载词研究的重点语料，也是跨文化交际的重要途径，因为它塑造了他国对我国文化的第一印象，在弘扬我国文化方面发挥着重要作用。因此，旅游文本的重要性可见一斑。本文选用跨文化交际为视角来分析旅游文本中文化负载词的翻译原则和翻译策略，以此来看语言、文化和翻译之间的相互关系。
-Chinese culture runs a long history about 5,000 years. With the overall national strength is improving, China plays an important role in the whole world. Confucianism and Taoism is embodied in such political ideas as Belt and Road Initiative, Five Principles of Peaceful Coeixstence, socialism with Chinese characteristics and so on. Therefore, it is quite necessary to preserve Chinese culture heritage and carry forward Chinese culture in the current culture communication. Research on translation of culture-loaded words is such a important way culture topromote the indigenous cultrue. Culture-loaded words refers to some items that implies cultural background and connotations, and passing through the long-term historical precipitation these expression with culture character like words, proverbs, allusions and name of special figures have been produced. And the existing common phrases and idioms are part of culture-loaded words( Fang Mengzhi 2011:297).
+Chinese culture runs a long history about 5,000 years. With the overall national strength is improving, China plays an important role in the whole world. Confucianism and Taoism is embodied in such political ideas as Belt and Road Initiative, Five Principles of Peaceful Coeixstence, socialism with Chinese characteristics and so on. Therefore, it is quite necessary to preserve Chinese culture heritage and carry forward Chinese culture in the current culture communication. Research on translation of culture-loaded words is such a important way culture topromote the indigenous cultrue. Culture-loaded words refers to some items that implies cultural background and connotations, and passing through the long-term historical precipitation these expression with culture character like words, proverbs, allusions and name of special figures have been produced. And the existing common phrases and idioms are part of culture-loaded words( Fang Mengzhi，2011:297).
-New Mark (2001：95)classified culture-loaded words as all kinds of types in ecology, material culture, social culture, society, politics, economy, administrative institutions and gesture. It is therefore of wide range of cultural expression, and these items have emerged endlessly with the changes of the times.In the communication, these words can best embody cultural information and social values and reflect the social life of human.Tourism texts relate to a variety of areas among mountains and rivers, museums, architecture,delicious food, animals and plants, which provide abundant and propor data for reaserch on culture-loaded words. The most direct way to realize domestic culture is travel for foreigners. Especially, there are magnificent mountains and rivers, splendid scenery and numerous delicious food, attracting many travelers around the whole world. In China, scenic spots essentially provide English translation, and now many of them also have Japanese, Korean and others translation. Tourism is crucial in making the first Chinese impression to foreigners and carrying on Chinese culture. It is the key language data in studying culture-loaded words as well as the critical way in cross-communication.So the importance of tourism texts is obvious. This paper chooses the intercultural communication perspective to analyze the English translation principles and strategies in tourism texts, deeply discussing the interrelations among language, culture and translation. (New Mark 2001：95)
+New Mark (2001：95)classified culture-loaded words as all kinds of types in ecology, material culture, social culture, society, politics, economy, administrative institutions and gesture. It is therefore of wide range of cultural expression, and these items have emerged endlessly with the changes of the times.In the communication, these words can best embody cultural information and social values and reflect the social life of human.Tourism texts relate to a variety of areas among mountains and rivers, museums, architecture,delicious food, animals and plants, which provide abundant and propor data for reaserch on culture-loaded words. The most direct way to realize domestic culture is travel for foreigners. Especially, there are magnificent mountains and rivers, splendid scenery and numerous delicious food, attracting many travelers around the whole world. In China, scenic spots essentially provide English translation, and now many of them also have Japanese, Korean and others translation. Tourism is crucial in making the first Chinese impression to foreigners and carrying on Chinese culture. It is the key language data in studying culture-loaded words as well as the critical way in cross-communication.So the importance of tourism texts is obvious. This paper chooses the intercultural communication perspective to analyze the English translation principles and strategies in tourism texts, deeply discussing the interrelations among language, culture and translation. (New Mark，2001：95)
 ===Translation Strategies of Culture-loaded Words in Tourism texts ===

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:05, 15 December 2021
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	Culture-loaded words bear an abundance of historical and cultural represents. In the process of translation, a translator should carefully consider in the choice of word. If there is a correspondent term in English and using it without influences to cultural expression; if there is no correspondent terms, transliteration and amplification is appropriate especially in application of translation of some characteristic place name; if there are difficulties to literal translation, it is necessary to comprehensively understand culture-loaded words under the relative context, just expressing the meaning of them and sometimes leaving out some irrelevant words. However, no matter which strategy is adopted, all translators should deeply consider three aspects of language, culture and cross-cultural communication, keeping China’s confidence and taking carrying forward Chinese culture as the destination. And what a translator should have done is functional equivalence in the tanslation of cutual words as the proposition of Nida(2001:97).		Culture-loaded words bear an abundance of historical and cultural represents. In the process of translation, a translator should carefully consider in the choice of word. If there is a correspondent term in English and using it without influences to cultural expression; if there is no correspondent terms, transliteration and amplification is appropriate especially in application of translation of some characteristic place name; if there are difficulties to literal translation, it is necessary to comprehensively understand culture-loaded words under the relative context, just expressing the meaning of them and sometimes leaving out some irrelevant words. However, no matter which strategy is adopted, all translators should deeply consider three aspects of language, culture and cross-cultural communication, keeping China’s confidence and taking carrying forward Chinese culture as the destination. And what a translator should have done is functional equivalence in the tanslation of cutual words as the proposition of Nida(2001:97).
		+
		+	No matter which translation method is adopted, translators should take language, culture and cross-cultural communication into consideration, maintain China's confidence, and promote Chinese culture as the ultimate goal.--[[User:Gong Boya\|Gong Boya]] ([[User talk:Gong Boya\|talk]]) 12:05, 15 December 2021 (UTC)

	This paper briefly analyzes the strategies of translation between English and Chinese from the perspective of intercultural communication. There are so many limitations mainly in inadequate research experience, deficient expression and superficial research results, but the author still hopes to provide some help. If it is possible, the author will consistently enhance the ability of translation and research and accumulate experience, looking forward to contribute more constructive and effective tactics in intercultural communication and tourism translation.		This paper briefly analyzes the strategies of translation between English and Chinese from the perspective of intercultural communication. There are so many limitations mainly in inadequate research experience, deficient expression and superficial research results, but the author still hopes to provide some help. If it is possible, the author will consistently enhance the ability of translation and research and accumulate experience, looking forward to contribute more constructive and effective tactics in intercultural communication and tourism translation.

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 In the foreignization strategy, three ways of literal translation, transliteration, amplification are broadly used. Under the rules of language, some culture-loaded words in the source language can be translated literally; when no corresponding words existing in the target language, literal translation cannot fully reveal the information of culture that contained in the words of the source language, so transliteration might be taken; if both literal translation and transliteration does not work, amplifying the meaning of a culture-loaded word is also feasible. Foreignization is one of main methods of intercultural communication and makes people accept diverse language and culture and integrate into exotic situation, greatly contributing to carry forward Chinese traditional culture.
 ====== Literal Translation ======
 文化负载词的直译并不是字对字的翻译，而是在符合目的语语言规则的情况下，保留源语的语言结构，表达目的语的文化信息，这种方法一方面可以创造出目的语读者读得懂的译文，另一方面又不至于失去源语的文化背景。

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:54, 15 December 2021
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	In cross-communication, the fundamental aim of translation is language and cultural exchanges. The first is keeping the meaning accurate without misunderstanding the meaning of cultural words. Translators should grasp the meaning of a culture-loaded term combining with the native culture, which requires their Chinese literary at a high level. Secondly, keeping clear and simple. The translation of tourism should be so brief and clear that people can grasp the key point at a glance; then based on the two aspects, giving consideration to cultural transmission and aesthetic expression.		In cross-communication, the fundamental aim of translation is language and cultural exchanges. The first is keeping the meaning accurate without misunderstanding the meaning of cultural words. Translators should grasp the meaning of a culture-loaded term combining with the native culture, which requires their Chinese literary at a high level. Secondly, keeping clear and simple. The translation of tourism should be so brief and clear that people can grasp the key point at a glance; then based on the two aspects, giving consideration to cultural transmission and aesthetic expression.
		+
		+	In cross-cultural communication, the fundamental purpose of translation is language and cultural exchange. First of all, the meaning should be accurate, and the meaning of cultural vocabulary should not be distorted. The understanding of culturally loaded words should be combined with culture. Therefore, the translator must have a good Chinese literacy; secondly, ensure that it is simple and clear. The translation of tourism texts should be simple and clear, so that visitors can see at a glance, and quickly grasp the center; on the basis of grasping these two aspects, the cultural and aesthetic expressions in it should be taken into account at the same time.--[[User:Gong Boya\|Gong Boya]] ([[User talk:Gong Boya\|talk]]) 11:54, 15 December 2021 (UTC)

	=== Conclusion ===		=== Conclusion ===

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 Xiang, Chunyan.(2016): 69-74. "On Translation Strategies of Chinese Culture-Loaded Words."[J] Canadian Social Science 12.6 .
 Zheng Liuyi郑柳依(2012). 从翻译中的“文化流失”论语言与文化的关系[J] Discussion on the Relationships between Language and Culture from the “Loss of Culture” in Translation.中南民族大学学报(人文社会科学版) Journal of South-Central University for Nationalities (humanistic and social science), 32(06).
 Written by---[[User:Du Lina|Du Lina]] ([[User talk:Du Lina|talk]]) 14:42, 13 December 2021 (UTC)