Cult Turn EN 4 - Revision history

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Huang Jinyun at 02:32, 16 December 2021

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Li Shan at 12:56, 15 December 2021

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Li Shan at 14:13, 14 December 2021

2021-12-14T14:13:53Z

Huang Jinyun: /* The culture turn in Chinese traditional translation theory */

2021-12-14T06:34:59Z

The culture turn in Chinese traditional translation theory

Huang Jinyun at 06:34, 14 December 2021

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Huang Jinyun at 06:33, 14 December 2021

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Huang Jinyun at 13:01, 13 December 2021

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Huang Jinyun at 13:01, 13 December 2021

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Huang Jinyun at 15:03, 8 December 2021

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@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 ==Abstract==
-Chinese and Western translation research has roughly gone through the linguistics research stage, linguistics research stage and cultural research stage. In the 1990s, the concept “cultural turn” was proposed in the preface of ''Translation, History and Culture'' by Bassnet and Lefevere. This paper tries to analyze the cultural turn in Chinese traditional translation history. After the disputes about "text" and "quality" discussed in the translation of Buddhist scriptures and other language transformation issues, Chinese traditional translation emerged its cultural quality since the technical translation of Ming dynasty.
+Chinese and Western translation research has roughly gone through the linguistics research stage, linguistics research stage and cultural research stage. In the 1990s, the concept “cultural turn” was proposed in the preface of ''Translation, History and Culture'' by Bassnet and Lefevere. This paper tries to analyze the cultural turn in Chinese traditional translation history. After the dispute about "text" and "quality" discussed in the translation of Buddhist scriptures and other language transformation issues, Chinese traditional translation emerged its cultural quality since the technical translation of Ming dynasty.
 ==Key words==
-Culture turn, Chinese traditional translation theory
+Cultural turn, Chinese traditional translation theory
 ==摘  要==
@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 ==Introduction==
-In 1990, Bassnet and Lefevere co-published ''Translation, History and Culture'', formally putting forward the idea of "Cultural Turn" in translation--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 12:56, 15 December 2021 (UTC). Cultural approach emphasized especially the important status of culture in translation and the cultural influence of translation in receptor-language region, treating translation as independent literature but not the mere copy of original texts. Different from the traditional approaches which aimed at convey of message or function, cultural approach put translation into the wide cultural environment, focusing on the cultural contexts, history and the norms. (Zeng 2006:45)
+In 1990, Bassnet and Lefevere co-published ''Translation, History and Culture'', formally putting forward the idea of "Cultural Turn" in translation. Cultural approach emphasized especially the important status of culture in translation and the cultural influence of translation in receptor's language region, and treated translation as independent literature but not the mere copy of original texts. Different from the traditional approaches which aimed at conveying message or function, cultural approach puts translation into a wide cultural environment, focusing on the cultural contexts and history. (Zeng 2006:45)
-Wang Kefei puts forward the concept of " history of cultural translation", emphasizing the study of the meaning, function and influence of translation on culture (especially the target language culture), as well as the restrictions of culture on translation  --[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 14:13, 14 December 2021 (UTC).Although the concept of "cultural turn" was proposed in the 1990s, a careful study of traditional Chinese translation theories will reveal that the cultural turn has been involved in several climaxes in the history of Chinese translation.(Wang 1994:57)
+In Chian Wang Kefei puts forward the concept of " history of cultural translation", emphasizing the study of the meaning, function and influence of translation on culture (especially the target language culture), as well as the restrictions of culture on translation. Although the concept of "cultural turn" was proposed in the 1990s, a careful study of traditional Chinese translation theories would reveal that the cultural turn has been involved in several climaxes in the history of Chinese translation.(Wang 1994:57)
-China has an over five thousand-year long history of human civilization and a three thousand-year history of translation. Ma Zuyi believes that there are three translation climaxes before the May Fourth Movement (1919): the translation of Buddhist scriptures from Han dynasty to Song dynasty; the techinical translation in late Ming and early Qing; and the Western translation after the Opium War (1840). （Ma 2004：147）
+China has an over five thousand-year long history of human civilization and a three thousand-year history of translation. Ma Zuyi believes that there are three translation climaxes before the May Fourth Movement (1919): the translation of Buddhist scriptures from Han dynasty to Song dynasty; the techinical translation in late Ming and early Qing; and the Western translation after the Opium War (1840).(Ma 2004：147）
-According to Xuan Huifang, at the beginning of scientific translation in the late Ming Dynasty, traditional Chinese translation theories entered the initial stage of cultural turn --[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 14:13, 14 December 2021 (UTC). This article will first introduce the relationship between culture and translation, and then reread the three climaxes of Chinese translation history and analyze its cultural turn. Finally, it can be concluded that Chinese translation has developed towards a cultural turn in the late Ming dynasty.(Xuan 2019：92)
+According to Xuan Huifang, at the beginning of scientific translation in the late Ming Dynasty, traditional Chinese translation theories entered the initial stage of cultural turn. This article will first introduce the relationship between culture and translation, and then reread the three climaxes of Chinese translation history and analyze its cultural turn. Finally, it can be concluded that Chinese translation has developed towards a cultural turn in the late Ming dynasty.(Xuan 2019：92)
 ==The cultural approach in translation==
@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 ====The shifts in culture turn in translation studies====
-In traditional translation studies, much more attention was paid to the source texts, which emphasized the translation strategies were decided by the types and nature of source texts. The translation studies were conducted from the perspective of the source text, ignoring the translated text--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 12:56, 15 December 2021 (UTC). J. C. Catford defined translation as the replacement of textual material in one language by the equivalent textual material in another language. (Liao 2006:100)
+In traditional translation studies, much more attention was paid to the source texts, which emphasized the translation strategies were decided by the types and nature of source texts. The translation studies were conducted from the perspective of the source text, ignoring the translated text. J. C. Catford defined translation as the replacement of textual material in one language by the equivalent textual material in another language. (Liao 2006:100)
-He classified translation as total translation and restricted one. The former referred to that grammar and lexica were replaced by equivalent ones in translation texts--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 12:56, 15 December 2021 (UTC). The latter referred to partial equivalence for the source text was lacking in replaceable words. Thus, he came to a conclusion of linguistic untranslatability and cultural untranslatability. Liao Qiyi has criticized that Catford treated translation merely as a branch of linguistic, focusing on the structural shifts of language and refusing translation as an art (Liao 2006:110)
+He classified translation as total translation and restricted one. The former referred to that grammar and lexica were replaced by equivalent ones in translation texts. The latter referred to partial equivalence for the source text was lacking in replaceable words. Thus, he came to a conclusion of linguistic untranslatability and cultural untranslatability. Liao Qiyi has criticized that Catford treated translation merely as a branch of linguistic, focusing on the structural shifts of language and refusing translation as an art (Liao 2006:110)
 Such idea was also represented by Newmark. Newmark thought an excellent translator should tend to literal translation to guarantee the loyalty to the source text and the more important the language of the text was, the closer the translation should be to the source text. He categorized texts as informative texts, expressive texts and vocal texts. Whereas for the former two categories, translators should adopt semantic translation focusing on the semantic content of the source language, the latter should adopt communicative translation to produce a similar effect between its readers and the readers of the original. (Ma 2010:33)
@@ Line 61: / Line 61: @@
 ==The culture turn in Chinese traditional translation theory==
-The earliest translation activities in China date back to the Zhou dynasty (1100BC). Documents of the time indicated that translation was carried out by government clerks, who were concerned primarily with the transmission of ideologies.It was during the Han dynasty (206BC-220BC) that translation became a medium for the dissemination of foreign learning. The Buddhist scriptures which were written in Sanskrit needed to be translated into Chinese to meet the need of Chinese Buddhists. The translation of Buddhist scriptures during this period emphasized the linguistic aspect of translation and the equivalence between the source language and the target language.(Zhong 2003:106)
+The earliest translation activities in China can date back to the Zhou dynasty (1100BC). Documents of the time indicated that translation was carried out by government clerks, who were concerned primarily with the transmission of ideologies.It was during the Han dynasty (206BC-220BC) that translation became a medium for the dissemination of foreign learning. The Buddhist scriptures which were written in Sanskrit needed to be translated into Chinese to meet the need of Chinese Buddhists. The translation of Buddhist scriptures during this period emphasized the linguistic aspect of translation and the equivalence between the source language and the target language.(Zhong 2003:106)
 After the disputes about "text" and "quality" discussed in the translation of Buddhist scriptures, "five to lose the original, three not easy", and "five not to translate" and other language conversion issues, scientific and technological translation at the end of the Ming Dynasty began to break away from the tradition of comparing the source language and the target language. The category of translation studies payed more attention to the macro cultural level such as the selection of translation materials and the social functions of translation.(Zhong 2003:106)

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 ==Abstract==
-Chinese and Western translation research has roughly gone through the linguistics research stage, linguistics research stage and cultural research stage. In the 1990s, the concept “cultural turn” was proposed in the preface of Translation, History and Culture by Bassnet and Lefevere. This paper tries to analyze the cultural turn in Chinese traditional translation history. After the disputes about "text" and "quality" discussed in the translation of Buddhist scriptures and other language transformation issues, Chinese traditional translation emerged its cultural quality since the technical translation of Ming dynasty.
+Chinese and Western translation research has roughly gone through the linguistics research stage, linguistics research stage and cultural research stage. In the 1990s, the concept “cultural turn” was proposed in the preface of ''Translation, History and Culture'' by Bassnet and Lefevere. This paper tries to analyze the cultural turn in Chinese traditional translation history. After the disputes about "text" and "quality" discussed in the translation of Buddhist scriptures and other language transformation issues, Chinese traditional translation emerged its cultural quality since the technical translation of Ming dynasty.
 ==Key words==

@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 ==Introduction==
-In 1990, Bassnet and Lefevere co-published Translation, History and Culture (''Translation, History and Culture''), formally putting forward the idea of cultural turn ("Cultural Turn" --[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 14:13, 14 December 2021 (UTC)) in translation. Cultural approach emphasized especially the important status of culture in translation and the cultural influence of translation in receptor-language region, treating translation as independent literature but not the mere copy of original texts. Different from the traditional approaches which aimed at convey of message or function, cultural approach put translation into the wide cultural environment, focusing on the cultural contexts, history and the norms. (Zeng 2006:45)
+In 1990, Bassnet and Lefevere co-published ''Translation, History and Culture'', formally putting forward the idea of "Cultural Turn" in translation--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 12:56, 15 December 2021 (UTC). Cultural approach emphasized especially the important status of culture in translation and the cultural influence of translation in receptor-language region, treating translation as independent literature but not the mere copy of original texts. Different from the traditional approaches which aimed at convey of message or function, cultural approach put translation into the wide cultural environment, focusing on the cultural contexts, history and the norms. (Zeng 2006:45)
-Wang Kefei puts forward the concept of " history of cultural translation", emphasizing the study of the meaning, function and influence of translation on culture (especially the target language culture), as well as the restriction (restrictions --[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 14:13, 14 December 2021 (UTC)) of culture on translation .Although the concept of "cultural turn" was proposed in the 1990s, a careful study of traditional Chinese translation theories will reveal that the cultural turn has been involved in several climaxes in the history of Chinese translation.(Wang 1994:57)
+Wang Kefei puts forward the concept of " history of cultural translation", emphasizing the study of the meaning, function and influence of translation on culture (especially the target language culture), as well as the restrictions of culture on translation  --[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 14:13, 14 December 2021 (UTC).Although the concept of "cultural turn" was proposed in the 1990s, a careful study of traditional Chinese translation theories will reveal that the cultural turn has been involved in several climaxes in the history of Chinese translation.(Wang 1994:57)
 China has an over five thousand-year long history of human civilization and a three thousand-year history of translation. Ma Zuyi believes that there are three translation climaxes before the May Fourth Movement (1919): the translation of Buddhist scriptures from Han dynasty to Song dynasty; the techinical translation in late Ming and early Qing; and the Western translation after the Opium War (1840). （Ma 2004：147）
-According to Xuan Huifang, at the beginning of scientific translation in the late Ming Dynasty, traditional Chinese translation theory(theories --[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 14:13, 14 December 2021 (UTC)) entered the initial stage of cultural turn. This article will first introduce the relationship between culture and translation, and then reread the three climaxes of Chinese translation history and analyze its cultural turn. Finally, it can be concluded that Chinese translation has developed towards a cultural turn in the late Ming dynasty.(Xuan 2019：92)
+According to Xuan Huifang, at the beginning of scientific translation in the late Ming Dynasty, traditional Chinese translation theories entered the initial stage of cultural turn --[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 14:13, 14 December 2021 (UTC). This article will first introduce the relationship between culture and translation, and then reread the three climaxes of Chinese translation history and analyze its cultural turn. Finally, it can be concluded that Chinese translation has developed towards a cultural turn in the late Ming dynasty.(Xuan 2019：92)
 ==The cultural approach in translation==
-Culture turn(Cutural Turn --[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 14:13, 14 December 2021 (UTC)) means the process that cultural approach substitutes for linguistic approach and cultural factors was valued by translation. Different from traditional linguistic approach by which the word, phrase, sentence, and text are the translational units, in cultural approach culture becomes the main translational unit. It emphasizes the important role that culture played in translation, and treats translation as micrographic cultural shift with the studying focus shifting from the source text to translated text, from the author to the translator and the source culture to the receptor culture. The shifts from the traditional approaches to cultural approach were mainly represented by the following aspects.
+Cutural Turn means the process that cultural approach substitutes for linguistic approach and cultural factors was valued by translation --[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 14:13, 14 December 2021 (UTC). Different from traditional linguistic approach by which the word, phrase, sentence, and text are the translational units, in cultural approach culture becomes the main translational unit. It emphasizes the important role that culture played in translation, and treats translation as micrographic cultural shift with the studying focus shifting from the source text to translated text, from the author to the translator and the source culture to the receptor culture. The shifts from the traditional approaches to cultural approach were mainly represented by the following aspects.
 ====Culture and translation====
@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 ====The shifts in culture turn in translation studies====
-In traditional translation studies, much more attention was paid to the source texts, which emphasized the translation strategies were decided by the types and nature of source texts. The translation studies were conduct from the perspective of the source text, ignoring the translated texts. J. C. Catford defined translation as the replacement of textual material in one language by the equivalent textual material in another language. (Liao 2006:100)
+In traditional translation studies, much more attention was paid to the source texts, which emphasized the translation strategies were decided by the types and nature of source texts. The translation studies were conducted from the perspective of the source text, ignoring the translated text--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 12:56, 15 December 2021 (UTC). J. C. Catford defined translation as the replacement of textual material in one language by the equivalent textual material in another language. (Liao 2006:100)
-He classified translation as total translation and restricted one. The former referred to the grammar and lexica were replaced by equivalent ones in translation texts. The latter referred to partial equivalence for the source text was lacking in replaceable words. Thus, he came to a conclusion of linguistic untranslatability and cultural untranslatability. Liao Qiyi has criticized that Catford treated translation merely as a branch of linguistic, focusing on the structural shifts of language and refusing translation as an art (Liao 2006:110)
+He classified translation as total translation and restricted one. The former referred to that grammar and lexica were replaced by equivalent ones in translation texts--[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 12:56, 15 December 2021 (UTC). The latter referred to partial equivalence for the source text was lacking in replaceable words. Thus, he came to a conclusion of linguistic untranslatability and cultural untranslatability. Liao Qiyi has criticized that Catford treated translation merely as a branch of linguistic, focusing on the structural shifts of language and refusing translation as an art (Liao 2006:110)
 Such idea was also represented by Newmark. Newmark thought an excellent translator should tend to literal translation to guarantee the loyalty to the source text and the more important the language of the text was, the closer the translation should be to the source text. He categorized texts as informative texts, expressive texts and vocal texts. Whereas for the former two categories, translators should adopt semantic translation focusing on the semantic content of the source language, the latter should adopt communicative translation to produce a similar effect between its readers and the readers of the original. (Ma 2010:33)

@@ Line 21: / Line 21: @@
 ==Introduction==
-In 1990, Bassnet and Lefevere co-published Translation, History and Culture, formally putting forward the idea of cultural turn in translation. Cultural approach emphasized especially the important status of culture in translation and the cultural influence of translation in receptor-language region, treating translation as independent literature but not the mere copy of original texts. Different from the traditional approaches which aimed at convey of message or function, cultural approach put translation into the wide cultural environment, focusing on the cultural contexts, history and the norms. (Zeng 2006:45)
+In 1990, Bassnet and Lefevere co-published Translation, History and Culture (''Translation, History and Culture''), formally putting forward the idea of cultural turn ("Cultural Turn" --[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 14:13, 14 December 2021 (UTC)) in translation. Cultural approach emphasized especially the important status of culture in translation and the cultural influence of translation in receptor-language region, treating translation as independent literature but not the mere copy of original texts. Different from the traditional approaches which aimed at convey of message or function, cultural approach put translation into the wide cultural environment, focusing on the cultural contexts, history and the norms. (Zeng 2006:45)
-Wang Kefei puts forward the concept of " history of cultural translation", emphasizing the study of the meaning, function and influence of translation on culture (especially the target language culture), as well as the restriction of culture on translation.Although the concept of "cultural turn" was proposed in the 1990s, a careful study of traditional Chinese translation theories will reveal that the cultural turn has been involved in several climaxes in the history of Chinese translation.(Wang 1994:57)
+Wang Kefei puts forward the concept of " history of cultural translation", emphasizing the study of the meaning, function and influence of translation on culture (especially the target language culture), as well as the restriction (restrictions --[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 14:13, 14 December 2021 (UTC)) of culture on translation .Although the concept of "cultural turn" was proposed in the 1990s, a careful study of traditional Chinese translation theories will reveal that the cultural turn has been involved in several climaxes in the history of Chinese translation.(Wang 1994:57)
 China has an over five thousand-year long history of human civilization and a three thousand-year history of translation. Ma Zuyi believes that there are three translation climaxes before the May Fourth Movement (1919): the translation of Buddhist scriptures from Han dynasty to Song dynasty; the techinical translation in late Ming and early Qing; and the Western translation after the Opium War (1840). （Ma 2004：147）
-According to Xuan Huifang, at the beginning of scientific translation in the late Ming Dynasty, traditional Chinese translation theory entered the initial stage of cultural turn. This article will first introduce the relationship between culture and translation, and then reread the three climaxes of Chinese translation history and analyze its cultural turn. Finally, it can be concluded that Chinese translation has developed towards a cultural turn in the late Ming dynasty.(Xuan 2019：92)
+According to Xuan Huifang, at the beginning of scientific translation in the late Ming Dynasty, traditional Chinese translation theory(theories --[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 14:13, 14 December 2021 (UTC)) entered the initial stage of cultural turn. This article will first introduce the relationship between culture and translation, and then reread the three climaxes of Chinese translation history and analyze its cultural turn. Finally, it can be concluded that Chinese translation has developed towards a cultural turn in the late Ming dynasty.(Xuan 2019：92)
 ==The cultural approach in translation==
-Culture turn means the process that cultural approach substitutes for linguistic approach and cultural factors was valued by translation. Different from traditional linguistic approach by which the word, phrase, sentence, and text are the translational units, in cultural approach culture becomes the main translational unit. It emphasizes the important role that culture played in translation, and treats translation as micrographic cultural shift with the studying focus shifting from the source text to translated text, from the author to the translator and the source culture to the receptor culture. The shifts from the traditional approaches to cultural approach were mainly represented by the following aspects.
+Culture turn(Cutural Turn --[[User:Li Shan|Li Shan]] ([[User talk:Li Shan|talk]]) 14:13, 14 December 2021 (UTC)) means the process that cultural approach substitutes for linguistic approach and cultural factors was valued by translation. Different from traditional linguistic approach by which the word, phrase, sentence, and text are the translational units, in cultural approach culture becomes the main translational unit. It emphasizes the important role that culture played in translation, and treats translation as micrographic cultural shift with the studying focus shifting from the source text to translated text, from the author to the translator and the source culture to the receptor culture. The shifts from the traditional approaches to cultural approach were mainly represented by the following aspects.
 ====Culture and translation====

@@ Line 63: / Line 63: @@
 The earliest translation activities in China date back to the Zhou dynasty (1100BC). Documents of the time indicated that translation was carried out by government clerks, who were concerned primarily with the transmission of ideologies.It was during the Han dynasty (206BC-220BC) that translation became a medium for the dissemination of foreign learning. The Buddhist scriptures which were written in Sanskrit needed to be translated into Chinese to meet the need of Chinese Buddhists. The translation of Buddhist scriptures during this period emphasized the linguistic aspect of translation and the equivalence between the source language and the target language.(Zhong 2003:106)
- After the disputes about "text" and "quality" discussed in the translation of Buddhist scriptures, "five to lose the original, three not easy", and "five not to translate" and other language conversion issues, scientific and technological translation at the end of the Ming Dynasty began to break away from the tradition of comparing the source language and the target language. The category of translation studies payed more attention to the macro cultural level such as the selection of translation materials and the social functions of translation.(Zhong 2003:106)
+After the disputes about "text" and "quality" discussed in the translation of Buddhist scriptures, "five to lose the original, three not easy", and "five not to translate" and other language conversion issues, scientific and technological translation at the end of the Ming Dynasty began to break away from the tradition of comparing the source language and the target language. The category of translation studies payed more attention to the macro cultural level such as the selection of translation materials and the social functions of translation.(Zhong 2003:106)
 ====The cultural trun in Ming and early Qing dynasties====

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:34, 14 December 2021
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	Zhong Weihe 仲伟合(2003). 中国翻译理论与实践简史An Overview of Translation in China: Practice and Theory[J].译者杂志 Translation Journal,Vol.7(No.2)		Zhong Weihe 仲伟合(2003). 中国翻译理论与实践简史An Overview of Translation in China: Practice and Theory[J].译者杂志 Translation Journal,Vol.7(No.2)
		+
		+	Written by--[[User:Huang Jinyun\|Huang Jinyun]] ([[User talk:Huang Jinyun\|talk]]) 06:34, 14 December 2021 (UTC)

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:01, 13 December 2021
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	黄锦云 Huang Jinyun， Hunan Normal University, China		黄锦云 Huang Jinyun， Hunan Normal University, China

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−	~~=Chapter 4：The Cultural Turn in the Chinese Traditional Translation Theory=~~
−	~~'''中国传统译论中的文化转向'''~~
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−	~~黄锦云 Huang Jinyun， Hunan Normal University, China~~