Culture 2022 1 - Revision history

Han Jingru: /* Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 */

2022-07-09T02:32:08Z

Han Jingru 韩静茹 - Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社

Lei Heng: /* Lei Heng 雷珩 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China */

2022-07-08T08:43:02Z

Lei Heng 雷珩 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China

He Minghui: /* He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi */

2022-07-07T11:40:33Z

He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi

Root at 11:30, 7 July 2022

2022-07-07T11:30:07Z

Li Siwen: /* Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes */

2022-07-02T01:00:01Z

Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes

Show changes

Deng Ruixin: /* Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) */

2022-06-30T16:26:12Z

Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝)

Lei Heng: /* Lei Heng 雷珩 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China */

2022-06-30T16:12:51Z

Lei Heng 雷珩 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China

Lei Heng: /* Lei Heng 雷珩 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China */

2022-06-30T16:11:30Z

Lei Heng 雷珩 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China

Lei Heng: /* He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi */

2022-06-30T16:10:42Z

He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi

Lei Heng: /* Lei Heng 雷珩 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China */

2022-06-30T16:07:03Z

Lei Heng 雷珩 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:32, 9 July 2022
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	5.Benjamin Haas. “Who’s on First?” Finds a Home in Chinese Clubs. ''The New York Times'', 2011.3.2 https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/03/world/asia/03beijing.html		5.Benjamin Haas. “Who’s on First?” Finds a Home in Chinese Clubs. ''The New York Times'', 2011.3.2 https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/03/world/asia/03beijing.html
		+
		+	'''Questions'''
		+
		+	1.What is the original name of Deyunshe?
		+
		+	2.What is the key principle of Deyunshe?
		+
		+	3.Who established the Beijing Conversation Conference?
		+
		+	4.What is the first oversea branch of the Chinese crosstalk club?
		+
		+	5.How ''The New York Times'' described Guo Degang?
		+
		+	'''Answers'''
		+
		+	1.the Beijing Conversation Conference
		+
		+	2.“lead crosstalk back to the theatre”
		+
		+	3.Guo Degang, Li Jing and Zhang Wenshun
		+
		+	4.the Deyunshe Melbourne Branch
		+
		+	5.''The New York Time''s described Guo as “the Chinese Ricky Gervais”, and said, “He is a comedian who specializes in a traditional form of performance comedy called crosstalk that has undergone a revival recently, largely because of Mr. Guo’s antics. Chinese media have dubbed him ‘the savior of cross talk’ for attracting young and middle-aged audience members to the aging crosstalk crowd.”

	==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi==		==He Minghui 何明慧 - Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi==

@@ Line 759: / Line 759: @@
 Light Colour Camera轻颜相机
 Butter Camera黄油相机
 References
 .Yuan Ziqi 袁紫琪. 美图秀秀平台社交化转型探析[The Reacher on the Social Platform Transformation of MeituPic]. 湖南大学，2020.4.10
@@ Line 777: / Line 778: @@
 .What is the purpose of merchants retouching pictures?
 .What are the four witchcrafts of the East?

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:40, 7 July 2022
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	5.Do you like eat jiaozi?		5.Do you like eat jiaozi?
		+
		+	'''Answers'''
		+
		+	1.Sycee.
		+
		+	2.Zhang Zhongjin. To cure patents.
		+
		+	3.6.
		+
		+	4.3.
		+
		+	5.Yes/no.

	==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ==		==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ==

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:30, 7 July 2022
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		+	Back to [[Foundations_of_Chinese_Cultures_2022\|course homepage]]. Back to final exam paper overview: [https://bou.de/u/wiki/Culture2022_final_exam_papers#This_is_the_final_exam_paper_website_overview]
		+
	==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==		==Chen Cheng 陈诚 - Economy: Chinese Currency Changes==
−

	China was one of the first countries in the world to use currency, and has been using it for over 5,000 years. During the formation and development of ancient Chinese currency, it underwent five major evolutions: the evolution of natural currency to artificial currency, the evolution from a haphazard shape to a unified shape, the evolution from local to central minted coins, the evolution from paper weights to tung bao and yuan bao, and the evolution from metal money to paper money "Jiaozi". December 1, 1948, when the People's Bank of China was established and issued the first set of RMB.		China was one of the first countries in the world to use currency, and has been using it for over 5,000 years. During the formation and development of ancient Chinese currency, it underwent five major evolutions: the evolution of natural currency to artificial currency, the evolution from a haphazard shape to a unified shape, the evolution from local to central minted coins, the evolution from paper weights to tung bao and yuan bao, and the evolution from metal money to paper money "Jiaozi". December 1, 1948, when the People's Bank of China was established and issued the first set of RMB.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:26, 30 June 2022
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	==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ==		==Deng Ruixin 邓蕊欣 - Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ==
		+	Science and Technology: Taobao
		+	Taobao is an online shopping website under Alibaba Group in China. It is a giant online retail platform in the Asia Pacific region. Jack Ma founded it on May 10, 2003. It is a C2C shopping website for consumers in China, Singapore, Australia, the United States. Individuals or enterprises can open their online stores on Taobao. In addition, Taobao also has an auction platform that can auction houses, land, motor vehicles, projects, and even intangible assets.
		+
		+	Ⅰ. The History of Taobao
		+	1.The Early Period
		+	As early as April 2003, Ma Yun and ten employees planned Taobao construction in Hangzhou. On May 10, 2003, Taobao was established and invested by the Alibaba group. In October, the third-party payment tool"Alipay" was launched to make consumers trust the transactions on Taobao with the"guaranteed transaction mode. "The total turnover in 2003 was 34million yuan. From the beginning of Taobao's launch to July 4, 2003, the website developed rapidly, with more than 2000 new products. In August 2003, Taobao announced that it would be free for three years, attracting many small and medium-sized sellers.
		+	In 2005, Taobao surpassed eBay and began to leave its competitors far behind. Of Japan to become Asia's largest online shopping platform. In 2005, the turnover exceeded 8 billion yuan, surpassing Wal-Mart.In 2006, Taobao became the most extensive shopping website in Asia. That year, Taobao realized a possibility in China for the first time the Internet is not just an application tool. It will eventually constitute the essential elements of life. Survey data show that nearly 9 million people shop on Taobao daily. In 2008, Taobao Mall, a new B2C platform of Taobao, went online; The Wenchuan earthquake donation platform was launched, raising more than 20 million donations from netizens; In September, the monthly trading volume of Taobao exceeded the 10 billion mark.
		+	In 2009, it became the largest comprehensive store in China, with an annual trading volume of 208.3 billion yuan. On January 1, 2010, Taobao released its new home page. After that, Jusuan went online and then launched Yitao. On January 11, 2012, Taobao Mall officially announced that it was renamed"Tmall." In March 29,2012,Tmall released a new logo image.On November 11, 2012,Tmall made a big profit on singles day, claiming to sell 10 billion in 13 hours, setting a world record.
		+	On December 24, 2015, Alibaba Group officially signed a cooperation framework agreement with the information center of the national certification and Accreditation Administration. The two sides jointly launched the"Cloud Bridge"data-sharing mechanism, and Alibaba became the first e-commerce platform directly connected to the national CCC certification information database. Alibaba's small, Taobao,1688, and other e-commerce platforms will import the CCC certification information database to realize automatic verification and marking and avoid unlicensed and counterfeit certified products.
		+
		+	2.The Growing Period
		+	On June 20, 2018, Taobao announced that it would close the third-party charging service for mobile games, and the next opening hours would be determined. On the morning of August 8, 2018, Alibaba Taobao will enter the MR(hybrid reality)shopping field and will launch its product Taobao bought at the 2018 creation Festival. This time, Taobao cooperated with Microsoft hololens to realize the surreal future shopping experience through"mixed reality"technology. At the Taobao creation festival in September, Taobao will build a 300-square meter" future shopping street" near the West Lake. Consumers can experience the"real world" superimposed by"Machine Algorithms" and live a"science fiction life"addiction. With the help of"Taobao buy ah," consumers can realize"what they see is what they get"--where their eyes reach, and the commodity information will be intelligently identified. The accompanying comments, strategies, and other materials will be available. In the world of"Taobao buy ah, "every commodity is all-around and three-dimensional, and all kinds of information are straightforward at a glance.
		+	In January 2022, Taobao lives released the 2022 annual incentive plan to support the growth of middle waist and new talent. As of March 15, 2022, Taobao has launched the algorithm turn-off button, allowing users to turn off"personalized recommendation" with one click in the background. In March 2022, according to the introduction of"customer service Xiaomi" in the Taobao app, the random grey test is being carried out to modify the Taobao account name. The function is expected to be gradually released to cover the population in late April. In March 2022, the interconnection between Tencent and Taobao went further. Users can choose the WeChat payment method after placing an order on the Taobao app, but this function is currently in the internal test stage, and only some users can see it. On May 25, 2022, according to media reports, to prepare for the 618 promotion activities this year, Taobao set up a special project team for the yuan universe. Currently, the project team is optimizing the virtual shopping venue and preparing to launch yuan-universe shopping officially during the 618 promotion Festival. In 2022, Alibaba's Taobao app has completed the information accessibility transformation and will continue to invest and upgrade standards in the future.
		+
		+	Ⅱ. The Marketing Strategy
		+	1. Product Strategy
		+	To develop efficiently, Taobao must constantly explore new advantages while consolidating its characteristics, expanding its benefits, maintaining the existing consumer groups, and fully meeting the requirements of consumer groups. In terms of product categories, to better grasp the preferences of consumer groups, we need to constantly enrich product categories, covering household appliances, building materials, clothing, jewelry, digital, and other aspects, and provide more comprehensive and detailed services for consumers groups.
		+	At the same time, Taobao has established an Internet communication platform-Aliwangwang, which increases the opportunities for interaction and communication between merchants and consumers and makes the process of online shopping more convenient for customers.
		+	Taobao provides customers with high-quality personalized services according to the service needs of different customer groups. High-quality service and rich product categories have laid a solid foundation for Taobao to grasp other customer groups.
		+
		+	2. Price Strategy
		+	Ma Yun once promised that when Taobao online stores began to make large-scale profits, it must be when the vast majority of Taobao members made money. At the beginning of its establishment, Taobao announced that it would provide free online trading platforms for consumers. This decision has brought great benefits to consumers. Furthermore, the free trading platform reduces the threshold of commodity trading. It advocates the principle of fair trading, which has contributed significantly to protecting the interests of sellers and buyers.
		+	In terms of price, Taobao has effectively grasped the sinking market and has a tremendous competitive advantage. Compared with the traditional sales industry, Taobao encourages major manufacturers to communicate directly with consumers, eliminating the cost of intermediate links so that products have a more competitive price advantage in pricing. With the benefit of commodity price, the manufacturer can save unnecessary expenses by quickly selling through the network platform to attract consumers with a price advantage in the commodity trading process.
		+
		+	3. Promotion Strategy
		+	Taobao attracts consumers with its uniqueness and novelty in terms of promotion strategies. For example, the"double 11 Carnival "held by Taobao.com, the 2020 Tmall Carnival has achieved remarkable results through the driving effect of stars and many well-known anchors. On the"double 11"day alone, the transaction volume broke the previous record with 498.2 billion yuan. There are two main promotion strategies of Taobao.
		+	The first type is cost-effective, whole point second kill. Sales volume and publicity are mainly achieved by providing consumers with affordable commodities.
		+	The second category is the limited-time promotion strategy. Time-limited promotion on Taobao is a common marketing strategy. Although consumers can enjoy specific discounts, they are also restricted by certain conditions. For example, they must buy within a particular time specified by the merchant, in the form of a complete set, or buy more than one at a time to enjoy the merchant's discounts. To some extent, such promotion strategies also promote consumers' desire to buy.
		+
		+	Ⅲ. The influences of Taobao
		+	1.Economic Development
		+	By the end of 2014, Taobao had nearly 500million registered members, more than 120million daily active users, and 1billion online goods. In the C2C market, Taobao accounted for 95.1% of the market share. Taobao is developing rapidly on the mobile end. According to the latest mobile shopping report released by Analysys in 2014, the market share of mobile Taobao + tmall has reached 85.1%.Taobao has provided a large number of entrepreneurial opportunities, reducing entrepreneurial costs for a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises and individuals. By 2011, Taobao had created 2.7 million jobs. In Wantou village, Boxing County, Binzhou City, Shandong Province, more than 500 of more than 1617 households have opened online stores on Taobao. According to the survey by Alibaba group, there are 14"Taobao villages"similar to Wantou village in China, with 10000 online stores and 40000 jobs.
		+	With the expansion of the scale of Taobao and the increase in the number of users, Taobao has also changed from a single C2C online marketplace to a comprehensive retail business circle including C2C, distribution, auction, direct supply, crowdfunding, customization and other e-commerce modes.
		+
		+	2. Public Welfare Undertakings
		+	Thousands of disabled people have started businesses on Taobao. In October 2010, Taobao opened a public welfare channel for the entrepreneurship of the disabled, and the approved stores can enjoy free standard Wangpu, online entrepreneurship training, Taobao seller tools, and other discounts. In may 23, 2011, taobao.com and Hangzhou disabled persons' Federation conducted a test on the typing speed and understanding of Taobao.com for 175 disabled people who signed up. After passing the test, they can freely participate in the"cloud customer service"training course. Those who pass the exam can become Taobao's "cloud customer service."
		+
		+	Terms and Expressions
		+	Taobao 淘宝
		+	Tmall 天猫
		+	Jusuan 聚划算
		+	Yitao 一淘网
		+
		+	References
		+	骆玉兰.网络消费心理及营销策略浅析—以淘宝网“聚人气抢红包”和“淘抢购抢红包”为例[J].经贸实践，2017(7)：154.
		+	陈慧娟.企业网络营销策略研究——以淘宝网店为例[J].经贸实践，2015(6)：242，245.
		+	徐婷，饶媛媛.淘宝网店营销的研究现状[J].时代金融，2017(18)：278.
		+	崔磊.网络营销策略分析——以淘宝网为例进行分析[J].山东纺织经济，2012(1)：39-41.
		+	崔敏杰，付志.基于单身经济的网络营销效应研究——以淘宝网光棍节为例[J].内蒙古电大学刊，2014(1)：5-8.
		+	潘坚.淘宝店营销与推广：策略、方法、技巧与实践[M].北京：清华大学出版社，2014.
		+	梁冰.基于C2C模式的淘宝网营销问题和对策分析[J].安阳工学院学报，2015(7)：240-241.
		+	金雨洁.淘宝网营销策略创新研究[D].大连：大连海事大学，2009.
		+	刘满凤，黎志成.网络营销绩效评价指标体系研究[J].科技进步与对策，2001(8)：15-16.
		+	张昱昭．“双 11”购物节 : 营销传播的策略分析 [D]．南京 : 南京财经大学，2014．
		+	魏珊珊．基于 C2C 模式的淘宝网市场营销策略研究 [D]．沈阳 : 东北大学，2017．
		+	刘洪峰．基于大数据的淘宝移动端个性化推荐策略优化研究 [D]．兰州 : 兰州理工大学，2018．
		+	霍晓．试论我国 C2C 网络购物中的网络营销策略及其作用 [D]．长春 : 东北师范大学，2011．
		+	The everything creditor. The Economist. 2015-06-06
		+
		+	Questions
		+	1.When was Taobao founded?
		+	2.What are the influences of Taobao?
		+	3.What are the marketing strategies of Taobao?

	==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Traditional Craft: Bronze ==		==Guo Zirui 郭子瑞 - Traditional Craft: Bronze ==

@@ Line 670: / Line 670: @@
   In today’s age of social media, picture image palys an important role in expressing themselves on the Internet. People build their self-image by posting photos or displaying images that represent their personal lives and tastes. In order to post more exquisite and beautiful pictures on the social platforms, people resort to photo retouching. Although China has not built an independent picture community as Instagram does, pictures social still has become one of the basic ways of socializing in China. Landscape pictures and selfies are constantly posted on Sina Weibo, Wechat Moments and other social platforms. However, the edited photos incur a great deal of controversies.
 On the bright side
-  The purpose of mostpeople’s photoshop is to record their lives, not to deceive others or deceive themselves. Theeditedpicture is also artistic, keeping the beautiful moment and making the memory look more vivid. In the process ofretouching when theyfocus onthemselves, through the change of light and filter, people can find their own beauty,andthe unconfident people can findtheir own bright spots, thereby rediscoveringthemselves and becoming confident. This kind of confidence is in a sense related to psychological reconstruction. It can be perceived as a pursuit for beauty.Instead of pointing fingers, we can see this as an opportunity to rediscover ourselves.And sometimes when we take photos, the background is too messy to clean up, photoshoping the picture is a more decent action.At the same time, when we observe the surrounding scenery, we tend tohold subjective emotions, while the camera simply records the scenery under that light condition. By adding filters and other ways to modify the picture,we can make the picture closer to the scenery in the eyes of the state of mind at that time. We can share with our friends the world in our eyes by posting such photoshopped photos to our moments, which are also closer to our hearts. In this era of“appearance level is justice”, in order to meet the public aesthetic, many people have body anxiety, not through health, diet, cosmetic surgery and other time-consuming and exhausting ways, but in the digital space only through beauty, filter and other ways, they can make the personal image in the selfie conform to the“body aesthetic standard” in the public mind, which satisfies people's desire to
+  The purpose of mostpeople’s photoshop is to record their lives, not to deceive others or deceive themselves. Theeditedpicture is also artistic, keeping the beautiful moment and making the memory look more vivid. In the process ofretouching when theyfocus onthemselves, through the change of light and filter, people can find their own beauty,andthe unconfident people can findtheir own bright spots, thereby rediscoveringthemselves and becoming confident. This kind of confidence is in a sense related to psychological reconstruction. It can be perceived as a pursuit for beauty.Instead of pointing fingers, we can see this as an opportunity to rediscover ourselves.And sometimes when we take photos, the background is too messy to clean up, photoshoping the picture is a more decent action.At the same time, when we observe the surrounding scenery, we tend tohold subjective emotions, while the camera simply records the scenery under that light condition. By adding filters and other ways to modify the picture,we can make the picture closer to the scenery in the eyes of the state of mind at that time. We can share with our friends the world in our eyes by posting such photoshopped photos to our moments, which are also closer to our hearts. In this era of“appearance level is justice”, in order to meet the public aesthetic, many people have body anxiety, not through health, diet, cosmetic surgery and other time-consuming and exhausting ways, but in the digital space only through beauty, filter and other ways, they can make the personal image in the selfie conform to the“body aesthetic standard” in the public mind, which satisfies people's desire to become beautiful quickly.
-become beautiful quickly.
+ Photo retouching also comes into play in commercial field. Many advertisements, especially skin care products, use retouched images like fair skin, no wrinkle surface, and pimple-free face, to underscore the effect of their products, attracting consumers to buy them.
 On the negative side
   However, overtouching can backfire. In recent years, the news of "netizens seeing light death"（“见光死”a term used to refer the phenomenon that netizens retouch their selfies so ridiculously that once they show up in reality, they cannot fake it anymore. Another term which also constantly heard is“照骗”. In Chinese,“照骗”and“照片”both pronounce“zhaopian”. The former means fraud useing fake photoes and the later means photos.）is constantly heard. The huge contrast brought by excessive photoediting will make others feel unreal, and then doubt his integrity and character. There are many kinds of photo-retouching software installed in the mobile phone, and substantial time is spent in repairing the picture, so that people are immersed in illusory beauty and praise, which will lead to the confusion of self-cognition and lose themselves over time. According to the news report, most teenagers in China have facial anxiety. They spend a great amount of energy in retouching just to present a good self-image to the outside world. But photoediting is fake after all. It's better to spend the time on improving their ability, such as reading books and exercising. At the same time, people should have the ability to accept themselves, to embrace their imperfections, not deliberately cover it up. Excessive retouching is also the epitome of a fast and impetuous society, reflecting distorted aesthetics. Social rhythm is short in which people come and go in a hurry, no time to deeply know others. A beautiful face is a bright name card, leaving amazing attention.

@@ Line 660: / Line 660: @@
 .Do you like eat jiaozi?
-<nowiki></nowiki>==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ==
+==Lei Heng 雷珩 - Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ==
 Introduction
   Traditionally, photo retouching is a way of eliminating or covering flaws on the pictures by using brushes and pigments. Contemporarily, with the rapid development of science, the conception photo retouching has been coverted into a technology of editing pictures by adjusting image parameters. The ultimate goal behind this action is to modify pictures for the sake of beauty.