Datong Shu - Revision history

Tian Xiaolong: /* TXL */

2024-02-11T09:07:06Z

TXL

Ai Xi: /* AX */

2024-02-10T18:38:18Z

Su Shimei: /* SSM */

2024-02-09T16:48:05Z

SSM

Su Shimei: /* SSM */

2024-02-09T16:46:35Z

SSM

Su Shimei: /* SSM */

2024-02-09T16:43:26Z

SSM

Wei Yuxin: /* WYX */

2024-02-01T10:37:38Z

WYX

Wei Yuxin: /* WYX */

2024-02-01T10:37:12Z

WYX

Root at 15:00, 28 January 2024

2024-01-28T15:00:57Z

Show changes

Ai Xi: /* Edyta Skorupa */

2024-01-26T19:27:17Z

Edyta Skorupa

Wang Xiaotong: /* The Book of Great Unity */

2024-01-26T09:40:00Z

The Book of Great Unity

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:07, 11 February 2024
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	以农业言，独人之营业，则有耕多者，有耕少者，其耕率不均，其劳作不均，外之售货好恶无常，人之销率多少难定，则耕者亦无从定其自耕之地及种植之宜，于是有馀粟滞销者矣。木材果实，畜牧渔鱼，销售与否，多寡孰宜，无从周知，无从预算，于是少则见乏而失时，多则暴殄天物而劳于无用。合大地之农人数万万，将来则有十百倍于此数者，一人之乏而失时，一人之殄物而枉劳，积之十百万万人，则有十百万万之殄物、失时、枉劳者矣。有十百万万人之殄物、失时、枉劳，则百事失其用、万品失其珍，以大地统计学算之，其所失败，岂恒河沙无量数而已哉！然则不本于大同而循有家私产之害，但中于农者为不可言也。		以农业言，独人之营业，则有耕多者，有耕少者，其耕率不均，其劳作不均，外之售货好恶无常，人之销率多少难定，则耕者亦无从定其自耕之地及种植之宜，于是有馀粟滞销者矣。木材果实，畜牧渔鱼，销售与否，多寡孰宜，无从周知，无从预算，于是少则见乏而失时，多则暴殄天物而劳于无用。合大地之农人数万万，将来则有十百倍于此数者，一人之乏而失时，一人之殄物而枉劳，积之十百万万人，则有十百万万之殄物、失时、枉劳者矣。有十百万万人之殄物、失时、枉劳，则百事失其用、万品失其珍，以大地统计学算之，其所失败，岂恒河沙无量数而已哉！然则不本于大同而循有家私产之害，但中于农者为不可言也。
		+
		+	Modern theorists believe that competition leads to progress, while unity to a decline. The author states that those who advocate competition understand the ways of the world but not the nature of humanity, as competition hinders the path to peace and harmony, bringing unrest, calamities and death. He also admits that competition itself cannot be avoided. Such statement is followed by a comparison between individual and collective business, after which the author draws conclusion that even in this aspect individuality leads to failure.

	==WMF==		==WMF==

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:38, 10 February 2024
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	夫强弱无常，智愚无极，两商相斗，必有败者。一败涂地，资本尽倾，富者化而为贫，则全家号啕而无赖。生计既失，忧患并生，身无养而疾病丛起，家无养而死亡相从，吾见亦伙矣。即有贫人以商骤富，而以一人什佰千万于众，不均已甚。夫富相什则下之，富相百则事之，富相干则奴之，在富者则骄，在贫者则谄，骄极则颐指气使，谄极则舐痔吮痈，盖无所不至矣。故骄与谄，非所以养人性而成人格也，然而循竞争之道，有贫富之界，则必致是矣。		夫强弱无常，智愚无极，两商相斗，必有败者。一败涂地，资本尽倾，富者化而为贫，则全家号啕而无赖。生计既失，忧患并生，身无养而疾病丛起，家无养而死亡相从，吾见亦伙矣。即有贫人以商骤富，而以一人什佰千万于众，不均已甚。夫富相什则下之，富相百则事之，富相干则奴之，在富者则骄，在贫者则谄，骄极则颐指气使，谄极则舐痔吮痈，盖无所不至矣。故骄与谄，非所以养人性而成人格也，然而循竞争之道，有贫富之界，则必致是矣。
		+
		+	This paragraph describes the theory of rivalry, which can be observed in various aspects of life, such as between countries or between people. Both the positive and negative aspects of rivalry have been mentioned, as well as its impact on people's lives.

	==TXL==		==TXL==

@@ Line 220: / Line 220: @@
 大凡热带，雨水最多，草木最繁盛，则生棉花、蓝靛、糖、苏木、棕榈、椰、蕉、黑白檀及诸香料。温带繁植稍次之，而食物、用物乃最多，若枫、榆、榉、柳、松、柏、桂、樟、杉、桦、桑、麻、藷、蔗、榛、桃、米、麦之类是也。寒带植物少，西伯利亚宜松及麦，长白、高丽宜参。若波斯气候温湿，产米、蔗、烟、罂粟、桃、李、梨、杏、梅、枣。阿富汗、爱乌罕暖地产棉、米，冷地产麦、蔗、瓜、葡萄。阿拉伯产枣及加非，土耳其产小麦、葡萄、橙、榄、松、柏。盖花卉香料，亚洲为盛矣。法国地宜农，产麦、玉蜀黍、桑、烟、葡萄、榄、林檎；英以棉、麦甲各国；西班牙产蔗、栗、榄、橙、桑、蓝、葡萄、棉、米；葡萄牙之葡萄酒，为绝美之专产。若橙、柠檬、小麦、玉蜀黍、马铃薯，意大利略同，而棉、茶、桑为大。希腊产米、棉、烟，瑞士产裸麦、洋薯，而又富于坚材。日耳曼多种葡萄，又与澳大利、匈牙利产小麦、裸麦、谷、麻、烟；瑞典萝卜最美。俄罗斯、荷兰、丹麦多产各种麦，而荷有烟、麻，俄富于材木焉。比利时产忽布。大率欧洲北部有松、柏、榛、榆及矮小之杨柳也。非洲热带，有数十年之木棉、大椰树、枣树，内地则加非、胡桃，北岸则榄、桃。埃及产五谷、蓝、棉、蔗。美洲产玉蜀黍、小麦、棉、蔗、米、烟、马铃薯及诸果，秘鲁同之，而鸡那最多。
-In tropical areas with abundant rainfall and big amount of various plants, crops such as cotton, indigo, sugar, sandalwood, palm and spices flourish. Temperate regions have slightly less vegetation but a greater variety of food and useful plants like maple, elm, cedar, cinnamon, potato and rice. Colder regions have fewer plant varieties - Siberia has pine and wheat, while regions like Persia, Afghanistan, and Arabia have specific crops due to their climate. Various countries in Europe and Asia specialize in wheat and tobacco, cotton and wheat in England, sugarcane in Spain, citrus fruits i Italy , rice and cotton in Greece. Egypt produces cereals and sugarcane, while Peru has an abundance of potatoes and Brazil leads in chicken production.
+In tropical areas with abundant rainfall and big amount of various plants, crops such as cotton, indigo, sugar, sandalwood, palm and spices flourish. Temperate regions have slightly less vegetation but a greater variety of food and useful plants like maple, elm, cedar, cinnamon, potato and rice. Colder regions have fewer plant types - Siberia has pine and wheat, while regions like Persia, Afghanistan, and Arabia have only some specific crops due to their climate. Various countries in Europe and Asia specialize in wheat and tobacco, cotton and wheat in England, sugarcane in Spain, citrus fruits in Italy , rice and cotton in Greece. Egypt produces cereals and sugarcane, while Peru has an abundance of potatoes and Brazil leads in chicken production.
 ==LML==

@@ Line 220: / Line 220: @@
 大凡热带，雨水最多，草木最繁盛，则生棉花、蓝靛、糖、苏木、棕榈、椰、蕉、黑白檀及诸香料。温带繁植稍次之，而食物、用物乃最多，若枫、榆、榉、柳、松、柏、桂、樟、杉、桦、桑、麻、藷、蔗、榛、桃、米、麦之类是也。寒带植物少，西伯利亚宜松及麦，长白、高丽宜参。若波斯气候温湿，产米、蔗、烟、罂粟、桃、李、梨、杏、梅、枣。阿富汗、爱乌罕暖地产棉、米，冷地产麦、蔗、瓜、葡萄。阿拉伯产枣及加非，土耳其产小麦、葡萄、橙、榄、松、柏。盖花卉香料，亚洲为盛矣。法国地宜农，产麦、玉蜀黍、桑、烟、葡萄、榄、林檎；英以棉、麦甲各国；西班牙产蔗、栗、榄、橙、桑、蓝、葡萄、棉、米；葡萄牙之葡萄酒，为绝美之专产。若橙、柠檬、小麦、玉蜀黍、马铃薯，意大利略同，而棉、茶、桑为大。希腊产米、棉、烟，瑞士产裸麦、洋薯，而又富于坚材。日耳曼多种葡萄，又与澳大利、匈牙利产小麦、裸麦、谷、麻、烟；瑞典萝卜最美。俄罗斯、荷兰、丹麦多产各种麦，而荷有烟、麻，俄富于材木焉。比利时产忽布。大率欧洲北部有松、柏、榛、榆及矮小之杨柳也。非洲热带，有数十年之木棉、大椰树、枣树，内地则加非、胡桃，北岸则榄、桃。埃及产五谷、蓝、棉、蔗。美洲产玉蜀黍、小麦、棉、蔗、米、烟、马铃薯及诸果，秘鲁同之，而鸡那最多。
-In tropical areas with abundant rainfall and big amount of various plants, crops such as cotton, indigo, sugar, sandalwood, palm, coconut, banana, ebony, and spices flourish. Temperate regions have slightly less vegetation but a greater variety of food and useful plants like maple, elm, beech, pine, cedar, cinnamon, potato, rice, and wheat. Colder regions have fewer plant varieties, with Siberia suitable for pine and wheat, while regions like Persia, Afghanistan, and Arabia have specific crops due to their warm and humid climates. Various countries in Europe and Asia specialize in different crops, such as France in wheat and tobacco, England in cotton and wheat, Spain in sugarcane and fruits, Italy in citrus fruits and mulberries, and Greece in rice and cotton. Africa and America also have diverse agricultural outputs, with Egypt producing cereals and sugarcane, while Peru has an abundance of potatoes and Brazil leads in chicken production.
+In tropical areas with abundant rainfall and big amount of various plants, crops such as cotton, indigo, sugar, sandalwood, palm and spices flourish. Temperate regions have slightly less vegetation but a greater variety of food and useful plants like maple, elm, cedar, cinnamon, potato and rice. Colder regions have fewer plant varieties - Siberia has pine and wheat, while regions like Persia, Afghanistan, and Arabia have specific crops due to their climate. Various countries in Europe and Asia specialize in wheat and tobacco, cotton and wheat in England, sugarcane in Spain, citrus fruits i Italy , rice and cotton in Greece. Egypt produces cereals and sugarcane, while Peru has an abundance of potatoes and Brazil leads in chicken production.
 ==LML==

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:43, 9 February 2024
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	大凡热带，雨水最多，草木最繁盛，则生棉花、蓝靛、糖、苏木、棕榈、椰、蕉、黑白檀及诸香料。温带繁植稍次之，而食物、用物乃最多，若枫、榆、榉、柳、松、柏、桂、樟、杉、桦、桑、麻、藷、蔗、榛、桃、米、麦之类是也。寒带植物少，西伯利亚宜松及麦，长白、高丽宜参。若波斯气候温湿，产米、蔗、烟、罂粟、桃、李、梨、杏、梅、枣。阿富汗、爱乌罕暖地产棉、米，冷地产麦、蔗、瓜、葡萄。阿拉伯产枣及加非，土耳其产小麦、葡萄、橙、榄、松、柏。盖花卉香料，亚洲为盛矣。法国地宜农，产麦、玉蜀黍、桑、烟、葡萄、榄、林檎；英以棉、麦甲各国；西班牙产蔗、栗、榄、橙、桑、蓝、葡萄、棉、米；葡萄牙之葡萄酒，为绝美之专产。若橙、柠檬、小麦、玉蜀黍、马铃薯，意大利略同，而棉、茶、桑为大。希腊产米、棉、烟，瑞士产裸麦、洋薯，而又富于坚材。日耳曼多种葡萄，又与澳大利、匈牙利产小麦、裸麦、谷、麻、烟；瑞典萝卜最美。俄罗斯、荷兰、丹麦多产各种麦，而荷有烟、麻，俄富于材木焉。比利时产忽布。大率欧洲北部有松、柏、榛、榆及矮小之杨柳也。非洲热带，有数十年之木棉、大椰树、枣树，内地则加非、胡桃，北岸则榄、桃。埃及产五谷、蓝、棉、蔗。美洲产玉蜀黍、小麦、棉、蔗、米、烟、马铃薯及诸果，秘鲁同之，而鸡那最多。		大凡热带，雨水最多，草木最繁盛，则生棉花、蓝靛、糖、苏木、棕榈、椰、蕉、黑白檀及诸香料。温带繁植稍次之，而食物、用物乃最多，若枫、榆、榉、柳、松、柏、桂、樟、杉、桦、桑、麻、藷、蔗、榛、桃、米、麦之类是也。寒带植物少，西伯利亚宜松及麦，长白、高丽宜参。若波斯气候温湿，产米、蔗、烟、罂粟、桃、李、梨、杏、梅、枣。阿富汗、爱乌罕暖地产棉、米，冷地产麦、蔗、瓜、葡萄。阿拉伯产枣及加非，土耳其产小麦、葡萄、橙、榄、松、柏。盖花卉香料，亚洲为盛矣。法国地宜农，产麦、玉蜀黍、桑、烟、葡萄、榄、林檎；英以棉、麦甲各国；西班牙产蔗、栗、榄、橙、桑、蓝、葡萄、棉、米；葡萄牙之葡萄酒，为绝美之专产。若橙、柠檬、小麦、玉蜀黍、马铃薯，意大利略同，而棉、茶、桑为大。希腊产米、棉、烟，瑞士产裸麦、洋薯，而又富于坚材。日耳曼多种葡萄，又与澳大利、匈牙利产小麦、裸麦、谷、麻、烟；瑞典萝卜最美。俄罗斯、荷兰、丹麦多产各种麦，而荷有烟、麻，俄富于材木焉。比利时产忽布。大率欧洲北部有松、柏、榛、榆及矮小之杨柳也。非洲热带，有数十年之木棉、大椰树、枣树，内地则加非、胡桃，北岸则榄、桃。埃及产五谷、蓝、棉、蔗。美洲产玉蜀黍、小麦、棉、蔗、米、烟、马铃薯及诸果，秘鲁同之，而鸡那最多。
		+	In tropical areas with abundant rainfall and big amount of various plants, crops such as cotton, indigo, sugar, sandalwood, palm, coconut, banana, ebony, and spices flourish. Temperate regions have slightly less vegetation but a greater variety of food and useful plants like maple, elm, beech, pine, cedar, cinnamon, potato, rice, and wheat. Colder regions have fewer plant varieties, with Siberia suitable for pine and wheat, while regions like Persia, Afghanistan, and Arabia have specific crops due to their warm and humid climates. Various countries in Europe and Asia specialize in different crops, such as France in wheat and tobacco, England in cotton and wheat, Spain in sugarcane and fruits, Italy in citrus fruits and mulberries, and Greece in rice and cotton. Africa and America also have diverse agricultural outputs, with Egypt producing cereals and sugarcane, while Peru has an abundance of potatoes and Brazil leads in chicken production.

	==LML==		==LML==

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:37, 1 February 2024
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	自农夫、渔、牧、矿工，各视其材之高下，阅历之浅深，以为工价之厚薄，略分十级。其尤者则拔迁农曹各司，但其长、贰，则必以学士、工师出身为之，可递迁为公政府各洲分政府农部官。其农夫、渔人、牧夫、矿工、林工至下级者，其俸令足为其衣食之资，自此等而上之可也。其支俸以先安息日给之，俾其游乐。其农场皆有室居，不住而别住客舍者听之；其场所皆有公园囿、公图书馆、戏院、音乐院以备游息，有公饭厅、公商店以备食宿，但规模稍粗而小耳。其演戏鼓乐，则诸农自为之。凡能任农事者，学校卒业之后，不论男女，皆许为农；其男女有交好者，许在公室同居焉。其公室，人占二室，一为卧室，一为客室，并有浴房；十人则为大公厅，皆高广疏达，花草楚楚，楼阁绵丽，过于今富室矣。其食，听人之所好而扣其费。又有公共讲堂，有讲师，每安息日，则讲古今道德品行贤豪之事及农业之事，以养其德性学识。其公室则公置之，不取值。其衣食之事，则由工金支之，出自费焉，听其自由，而工钱常留十分之一存于公中，为储金焉，以备其不愿作工而欲结友远游、购书之需。其稍远，则有公旅舍以备游行食宿，则收费矣；其去市近者，皆听其游。其告假不作工者听之，按日扣其工价；其太惰不作工及告假太多者逐之；凡累经逐者，削其名誉焉。其主、伯、府、史，职业虽优，而居室仍同，以示平等，但工金不同耳。其府司仓库者，不必纳押金，以是时人心无盗诈而商卖皆出于公也，但选阅历深、老成谨重者任之。		自农夫、渔、牧、矿工，各视其材之高下，阅历之浅深，以为工价之厚薄，略分十级。其尤者则拔迁农曹各司，但其长、贰，则必以学士、工师出身为之，可递迁为公政府各洲分政府农部官。其农夫、渔人、牧夫、矿工、林工至下级者，其俸令足为其衣食之资，自此等而上之可也。其支俸以先安息日给之，俾其游乐。其农场皆有室居，不住而别住客舍者听之；其场所皆有公园囿、公图书馆、戏院、音乐院以备游息，有公饭厅、公商店以备食宿，但规模稍粗而小耳。其演戏鼓乐，则诸农自为之。凡能任农事者，学校卒业之后，不论男女，皆许为农；其男女有交好者，许在公室同居焉。其公室，人占二室，一为卧室，一为客室，并有浴房；十人则为大公厅，皆高广疏达，花草楚楚，楼阁绵丽，过于今富室矣。其食，听人之所好而扣其费。又有公共讲堂，有讲师，每安息日，则讲古今道德品行贤豪之事及农业之事，以养其德性学识。其公室则公置之，不取值。其衣食之事，则由工金支之，出自费焉，听其自由，而工钱常留十分之一存于公中，为储金焉，以备其不愿作工而欲结友远游、购书之需。其稍远，则有公旅舍以备游行食宿，则收费矣；其去市近者，皆听其游。其告假不作工者听之，按日扣其工价；其太惰不作工及告假太多者逐之；凡累经逐者，削其名誉焉。其主、伯、府、史，职业虽优，而居室仍同，以示平等，但工金不同耳。其府司仓库者，不必纳押金，以是时人心无盗诈而商卖皆出于公也，但选阅历深、老成谨重者任之。
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	There is a society where workers are ranked based on skill and experience, with opportunities for advancement to administrative roles. Basic needs like housing and food are provided, and leisure activities are encouraged. Farming is esteemed, and graduates can pursue it regardless of gender. Couples can live together in public housing, which is well-equipped. Public amenities include parks, libraries, and theaters. Agricultural knowledge is shared through lectures on moral values and practical skills. Housing is assigned by rank, with communal areas for collective use. Financial support is provided through work-based income and savings. Discipline is enforced for those who refuse to work or abuse leave privileges. Public warehouses operate without requiring deposits, fostering trust in commercial transactions.		There is a society where workers are ranked based on skill and experience, with opportunities for advancement to administrative roles. Basic needs like housing and food are provided, and leisure activities are encouraged. Farming is esteemed, and graduates can pursue it regardless of gender. Couples can live together in public housing, which is well-equipped. Public amenities include parks, libraries, and theaters. Agricultural knowledge is shared through lectures on moral values and practical skills. Housing is assigned by rank, with communal areas for collective use. Financial support is provided through work-based income and savings. Discipline is enforced for those who refuse to work or abuse leave privileges. Public warehouses operate without requiring deposits, fostering trust in commercial transactions.

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:27, 26 January 2024
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	夫强弱无常，智愚无极，两商相斗，必有败者。一败涂地，资本尽倾，富者化而为贫，则全家号啕而无赖。生计既失，忧患并生，身无养而疾病丛起，家无养而死亡相从，吾见亦伙矣。即有贫人以商骤富，而以一人什佰千万于众，不均已甚。夫富相什则下之，富相百则事之，富相干则奴之，在富者则骄，在贫者则谄，骄极则颐指气使，谄极则舐痔吮痈，盖无所不至矣。故骄与谄，非所以养人性而成人格也，然而循竞争之道，有贫富之界，则必致是矣。		夫强弱无常，智愚无极，两商相斗，必有败者。一败涂地，资本尽倾，富者化而为贫，则全家号啕而无赖。生计既失，忧患并生，身无养而疾病丛起，家无养而死亡相从，吾见亦伙矣。即有贫人以商骤富，而以一人什佰千万于众，不均已甚。夫富相什则下之，富相百则事之，富相干则奴之，在富者则骄，在贫者则谄，骄极则颐指气使，谄极则舐痔吮痈，盖无所不至矣。故骄与谄，非所以养人性而成人格也，然而循竞争之道，有贫富之界，则必致是矣。
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−	The theory of competition, stemming from natural evolution, is widely regarded as the ultimate principle, influencing nations and individuals alike. It leads to confrontations between nations and encourages deceit and manipulation on an individual level. While competition is seen as a righteous pursuit in life and business, its impact can distort moral principles, posing threats to personal and familial well-being and fostering extreme behaviors such as arrogance and sycophancy among poor.

	==Ewa Kopania==		==Ewa Kopania==

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 Author: 康有为 Kang Youwei
-Presentation: [https://1drv.ms/p/s!AqsF4GTNUGSnsEfeJ8jQR0bIqJPD?e=YnZGvf]
+Presentation: [https://1drv.ms/p/s!AqsF4GTNUGSnsTQAxJSdM5WQwJ5I?e=PtMoYy]
 =Introduction by the Teacher: Early utopias, Kang Youwei and the Book of Great Unity=