Finals Trans 5 - Revision history

Xiao Yu: /* 3.4 The Guidance of Domestication and Foreignization for the Translation of Ancient Poems */

2022-12-31T15:33:55Z

3.4 The Guidance of Domestication and Foreignization for the Translation of Ancient Poems

Xiao Yu: /* 3.3 The Contrast and Usage of the two strategies */

2022-12-31T15:26:02Z

3.3 The Contrast and Usage of the two strategies

Xiao Yu: /* 3.1 Domestication */

2022-12-31T15:22:23Z

3.1 Domestication

Xiao Yu: /* 3.2 Foreignization */

2022-12-31T15:21:32Z

3.2 Foreignization

Xiao Yu: /* 3.1 Domestication */

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3.1 Domestication

Xiao Yu: /* Chapter 3 Domestication and Foreignization */

2022-12-31T15:17:36Z

Chapter 3 Domestication and Foreignization

Xiao Yu: /* 2.2.2 The Content of the Skopos Theory */

2022-12-31T15:15:26Z

2.2.2 The Content of the Skopos Theory

Xiao Yu: /* 2.2.1 The Background of the Skopos Theory */

2022-12-31T15:12:06Z

2.2.1 The Background of the Skopos Theory

Xiao Yu: /* 2.2 Hans Vermeer’s Skopos Theory */

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2.2 Hans Vermeer’s Skopos Theory

Xiao Yu: /* 1.1.3 Future Worth */

2022-12-31T15:07:09Z

1.1.3 Future Worth

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 Due to the different purposes of creation, text types, translation purposes and audience requirements, translators should focus on the use of domestication and foreignization in different translation situations. In order to tell the Chinese story well and promote cross-cultural communication, translators should take into account the culture and thinking of the target audience and use appropriate domestication; at the same time, in order to spread Chinese culture better and not to lose its original cultural characteristics and unique highlights, the use of foreignization should be increased, so as to achieve the best communication effect.
-===3.4 The Guidance of Domestication and Foreignization for the Translation of Ancient Poems===
+===3.4 The Guidance of Domestication and Foreignization for the Translation of Ancient Poetry===
 There is a considerable debate in Chinese translation circles about whether to adopt the domestication strategy or the foreignization strategy for translating ancient poems. Based on the above brief introduction to the skopos theory, we can conclude that the choice of strategy depends on the requirements of the purpose.

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 Foreignization is characterized by accommodating foreign cultures and absorbing foreign language expressions in the target language, thus enriching the content of the target language. The translator should draw closer to the author and convey the content of the original language while preserving the characteristics of the source language. The strategy of foreignization can better accommodate the differences of national cultures. It preserves and reflects the characteristics of foreign nationalities, language styles and the exoticism for the readers of the translated text, and provides opportunities for the readers to appreciate the exoticism and expand their horizons.
-===3.3 The Contrast and Usage of the two strategies===
+===3.3 The Contrast and Usage of the Two Strategies===
-These two translation techniques have their own advantages and disadvantages. Appropriate domestication can make the translation linguistically fluent, better overcome language barriers, avoid semantic errors caused by cultural conflicts, and enhance the readability of the translation. However, excessive domestication can make the translation lose the cultural characteristics of the source language or even exoticize it. In this case the readers of the translation will have difficulty in accessing the culture of the source language and may even misunderstand the original cultural connotation, which is not conducive to the dissemination of culture and cannot achieve the purpose of cultural export.
+These two translation strategies have their own advantages and disadvantages. Appropriate domestication can make the translation linguistically fluent, better overcome language barriers, avoid semantic errors caused by cultural conflicts, and enhance the readability of the translation. However, excessive domestication can make the translation lose the cultural characteristics of the source language or even exoticize it. In this case the readers of the translation will have difficulty in accessing the culture of the source language and may even misunderstand the original cultural connotation, which is not conducive to the dissemination of culture and cannot achieve the purpose of cultural export.
 Appropriate foreignization can faithfully express the culture of the source language and preserve the characteristics of the source language, so that readers of the translation can better understand the culture and language characteristics of the other country in the process of reading. It can enrich the culture of the target language in the process of exposure to foreign culture, thus promoting intercultural communication and communication.

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 Domestication is a translation strategy that aims to localize the source language, pointing to the target language or the readers of the translated text, using terms and expressions familiar to the readers to convey the content of the original, and bringing the author close to the readers.
-Domesticated translation requires the translator to master the source language and the target language proficiently and place the target language reader at the center of the translation. The translator should localize the original work, reduce the distance between the reader and the work, and get rid of the characteristics that are incompatible with the culture of the target language. Domesticated translation helps readers understand the work and its connotation more fully and enhances the readability and appreciation of the translation.
+Domestication requires the translator to master the source language and the target language proficiently and place the target language reader at the center of the translation. The translator should localize the original work, reduce the distance between the reader and the work, and get rid of the characteristics that are incompatible with the culture of the target language. Domestication helps readers understand the work and its connotation more fully and enhances the readability and appreciation of the translation.
 ===3.2 Foreignization===

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 ===3.2 Foreignization===
-"Foreignization" refers to a translation strategy that intentionally breaks the expression habits of the target language in order to maintain the quality and originality of the source language.(Kuang Zhanghong,Zhu Yunyun 2009, 2) The purpose of foreignization is to preserve the linguistic characteristics and expressions of the source language, and to preserve the unfamiliar concepts in the source language, so that the reader can receive the cultural input of the source language to the maximum extent, thus expanding the reader's horizon and bringing the reader closer to the author.
+"Foreignization" refers to a translation strategy that intentionally breaks the expression habits of the target language in order to maintain the quality and originality of the source language(Kuang Zhanghong,Zhu Yunyun 2009, 2). The purpose of foreignization is to preserve the linguistic characteristics and expressions of the source language, and to preserve the unfamiliar concepts in the source language, so that the reader can receive the cultural input of the source language to the maximum extent, thus expanding the reader's horizon and bringing the reader closer to the author.
-Foreignization in translation is characterized by accommodating foreign cultures and absorbing foreign language expressions in the target language, thus enriching the content of the target language. The translator should draw closer to the author and convey the content of the original language while preserving the characteristics of the source language. The strategy of foreignization can better accommodate the differences of national cultures. It preserves and reflects the characteristics of foreign nationalities , language styles and the exoticism for the readers of the translated text, and provides opportunities for the readers to appreciate the exoticism and expand their horizons.
+Foreignization is characterized by accommodating foreign cultures and absorbing foreign language expressions in the target language, thus enriching the content of the target language. The translator should draw closer to the author and convey the content of the original language while preserving the characteristics of the source language. The strategy of foreignization can better accommodate the differences of national cultures. It preserves and reflects the characteristics of foreign nationalities, language styles and the exoticism for the readers of the translated text, and provides opportunities for the readers to appreciate the exoticism and expand their horizons.
 ===3.3 The Contrast and Usage of the two strategies===

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 Domestication is a translation strategy that aims to localize the source language, pointing to the target language or the readers of the translated text, using terms and expressions familiar to the readers to convey the content of the original, and bringing the author close to the readers.
-Naturalized translation requires the translator to master the source language and the target language proficiently and place the target language reader at the center of the translation. The translator should localize the original work, reduce the distance between the reader and the work, and get rid of the characteristics that are incompatible with the culture of the target language. Naturalized translation helps readers understand the work and its connotation more fully and enhances the readability and appreciation of the translation.
+Domesticated translation requires the translator to master the source language and the target language proficiently and place the target language reader at the center of the translation. The translator should localize the original work, reduce the distance between the reader and the work, and get rid of the characteristics that are incompatible with the culture of the target language. Domesticated translation helps readers understand the work and its connotation more fully and enhances the readability and appreciation of the translation.
 ===3.2 Foreignization===

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 ===Chapter 3 Domestication and Foreignization===
-The concept of domestication and foreignization was introduced by Lawrence Venuti, a famous American translation theorist, in 1995 in The Invisibility of the Translator.Laurence Venuti's strategies are derived from the 19th century German linguist Schleiermacher's thesis that "the translator either tries to leave the original author alone and bring the reader close to the author, or tries to leave the reader alone and bring the author close to the reader."（Venuti 2004, 19）
+The concept of domestication and foreignization was introduced by Lawrence Venuti, a famous American translation theorist, in 1995 in "The Invisibility of the Translator". Laurence Venuti's strategies are derived from the 19th century German linguist Schleiermacher's thesis that "the translator either tries to leave the original author alone and bring the reader close to the author, or tries to leave the reader alone and bring the author close to the reader."（Venuti 2004, 19）
 ===3.1 Domestication===

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 In the translation process, according to the different purposes to be achieved by the translated text, the translator selects the corresponding translation strategy, so that the translated text can convey the intention of the original work, reproduce the effect of the original text, realize the expected function and purpose of the text, and achieve the ultimate purpose of cross-linguistic and cross-cultural communication.
-Overall, the skopos theory focuses on the language and culture of the translated language, not on the equivalence of the original and the translation,. It frees the translation from the constraints of the source language, where the intended purpose of the translation determines the determination of the translation strategy, the choice of information in the source language and the way the translation is presented.
+Overall, the skopos theory focuses on the language and culture of the translated language, not on the equivalence of the original and the translation. It frees the translation from the constraints of the source language, where the intended purpose of the translation determines the determination of the translation strategy, the choice of information in the source language and the way the translation is presented.
 ===2.2.3 The Contrast between Traditional Translation Theory and the Skopos Theory===

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 ===2.2.1 The Background of the Skopos Theory===
-The functional skopos theory was first proposed by Hans Vermeer in 1978 in his book "Framework for a General Translation Theory". It is one of the most important theories of functional translation theory, which frees translation research from the shackles of original-centeredness.
+The functional skopos theory was first proposed by Hans Vermeer in 1978 in his book "Framework for a General Translation Theory". It is one of the most important theories of functionalist translation theory, which frees translation research from the shackles of original-centeredness.
 Translation should follow three basic principles, namely, the principle of skopos, the principle of coherence, and the principle of fidelity, among which the principle of skopos takes precedence over the other two principles. The purpose of the act of translation determines the whole process of the act of translation, i.e. "the purpose determines the method"(Nord 2001, 124). The skopos principle points out that the translation should take the intended function of the translated text as the starting point and develop toward the purpose desired by the audience of the translated language.
-−
 ===2.2.2 The Content of the Skopos Theory===
 According to the different purposes of translation, the translator can choose different translation strategies and means, and the goodness of translation should be judged by the extent to which the translation achieves the intended purpose. The translator's reference system in the whole translation process should not be the original text, but the function that the translation is expected to achieve in the cultural environment of the translated language.(Chen Xiaowei 2000, 1)

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 Function refers to the elements that enable the translation to serve its intended purpose in the context of the translated language. Loyalty refers to the relationship between the translator, the reader of the translation, the author of the original text and the client of the translation. This theory raises the status of the translator in the translation process. The requirements of the recipient are seen as important criteria in determining the purpose and strategy of the translation, promoting a plurality of translation standards and translation strategies.
-===2.2 Hans Vermeer’s Skopos Theory===
+===2.2 Hans Vermeer's Skopos Theory===
 ===2.2.1 The Background of the Skopos Theory===
 The functional skopos theory was first proposed by Hans Vermeer in 1978 in his book "Framework for a General Translation Theory". It is one of the most important theories of functional translation theory, which frees translation research from the shackles of original-centeredness.

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 The great role of culture is increasingly recognized and valued by countries around the world. More and more countries are doing everything possible to strengthen their overall cultural strength and international competitiveness. If China is to remain invincible in the new international competition and safeguard its national development interests and cultural security, it must continue to promote the spirit of cultural creativity. We will give full play to the nation's cultural creativity and strive to develop a cultural advantage that is commensurate with our economic and social development and international status.
-Cultural soft power is an indispensable part of the process of achieving the great rejuvenation of China. The country must not only consciously export its culture, but also drive all Chinese people to proactively spread Chinese culture.
+Cultural soft power is an indispensable part of the process of achieving the great rejuvenation of Chinese nation. The country must not only consciously export its culture, but also drive all Chinese people to proactively spread Chinese culture.
 ===1.2 The Importance of Ancient Poetry===