Hao Qiu Zhuan/en-wilkinson/Chapter 1 - Revision history

Admin: Book Nav: prev → Front_Matter

2026-03-30T04:14:01Z

Book Nav: prev → Front_Matter

Admin: Convert all remaining OCR footnotes to ref tags, fix missing Pe-kan paragraph, remove duplicate OCR blocks

2026-03-28T17:28:18Z

Convert all remaining OCR footnotes to ref tags, fix missing Pe-kan paragraph, remove duplicate OCR blocks

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Admin: Convert footnotes: five mace, lee, dismounting, angel/genii

2026-03-28T17:09:01Z

Convert footnotes: five mace, lee, dismounting, angel/genii

Admin: Complete blue gown footnote with full text from p.12, remove duplicate fragment from body

2026-03-28T17:07:21Z

Complete blue gown footnote with full text from p.12, remove duplicate fragment from body

Admin: Convert footnote 8 (clad in blue/Sieou-tsai), remove orphaned exam footnote fragment

2026-03-28T17:05:14Z

Convert footnote 8 (clad in blue/Sieou-tsai), remove orphaned exam footnote fragment

Admin: Revert: tswün is correct (not twin), fix footnote text accordingly

2026-03-28T17:04:02Z

Revert: tswün is correct (not twin), fix footnote text accordingly

Admin: Fix tswün->twin, deduplicate Twin footnote with named ref

2026-03-28T17:02:48Z

Fix tswün->twin, deduplicate Twin footnote with named ref

Admin: Convert footnotes 6 (examination/Kow-shé) and 7 (Twin/village) to ref tags, fix OCR interleaving

2026-03-28T17:01:35Z

Convert footnotes 6 (examination/Kow-shé) and 7 (Twin/village) to ref tags, fix OCR interleaving

Admin: Convert footnotes 4 (their son) and 5 (disagreement) to ref tags, fix page break

2026-03-28T16:53:15Z

Convert footnotes 4 (their son) and 5 (disagreement) to ref tags, fix page break

Admin: Convert 2nd footnote (custom in China) to ref tag

2026-03-28T11:41:52Z

Convert 2nd footnote (custom in China) to ref tag

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Language Bar|page=Hao_Qiu_Zhuan/Chapter_1}}
-{{Book Nav|book=Hao_Qiu_Zhuan|prev=Hao_Qiu_Zhuan|next=Hao_Qiu_Zhuan/en-wilkinson/Chapter_2}}
+{{Book Nav|book=Hao_Qiu_Zhuan|prev=Hao_Qiu_Zhuan/en-wilkinson/Front_Matter|next=Hao_Qiu_Zhuan/en-wilkinson/Chapter_2}}
 = Chapter 1: In the Phoenix City, a Chivalrous Heart Pities a Pair of Lovebirds =

@@ Line 193: / Line 193: @@
 In the morning when he had break-
 fasted, he ordered his servant to weigh
-out five mace * to pay the old woman :
+out five mace<ref name="mace">About 3s. 4d. English money. — Transf.</ref> to pay the old woman:
 he then took leave of her with many
 thanks for her kind treatment: she in
 return asked him pardon for any thing
 that was amifs; but particularly in-
@@ Line 210: / Line 208: @@
 him.
 ''Tieh''-chung-u mounted his horse, and
-was got two or three lee* on his way,
+was got two or three lee<ref>A lee is as far as a voice can be heard: ten of them make a league. — Transf. N. B. The French missionaries write it ly, or li.</ref> on his way,
 when he perceived at some distance
 before him Wey-fiang-coon stamping and
 raving by himself, calling out to hea-
 ven and complaining of his fate. ''Tieh''-
 chung-u no sooner discovered who he
 was, but he made all hafte to come
-up to him: when dismounting+ from
+up to him: when dismounting<ref>'Tis the custom in China to dismount, when they salute equals or betters. — Transf.</ref> from
 his horse, he ran to him and clapped
 him on the shoulder: "Brother,
 said he, yield not up to despair: your
 cause of grief may be removed: I'll
-ufe my endeavours, and doubt not
+use my endeavours, and doubt not
-but to get your fair mistress refto-
+but to get your fair mistress restored to you." Surprised at being accosted in this manner, the student
-red to you." Surprised at being ac-
+lifted up his eyes and looked stedfastly at him; when seeing him to be a
-cofted in this manner, the student
+person of good and genteel aspect, but
-lifted up his eyes and looked fted-
+utterly unknown to him, he was the more
 more astonished: nevertheless he said,
 "Sir, you seem to be a man of rank
@@ Line 252: / Line 237: @@
 But, alas! 'tis all in vain! my mif-
 fortune is so great that it is not possible
-for you, tho' you were an angel*, to af-
+for you, tho' you were an angel<ref>The Chinese believe there are a kind of tutelar spirits, or good Genii: in the cities there are temples to them, in which the Mandarines offer sacrifice: as also to the spirits of the rivers, mountains, four parts of the world, &c. P. Semedo's hist. part. 1. chap. 18. p. 86.</ref>, to afford me relief." ''Tieh''-chung-u laughed,
 and said, "This is no more than the
-The Chinese believe there are a kind of ta-
+sting of a bee: if I can't untie
-telar spirits, or good Genii: in the cities there are
+this knot, let the world laugh at me. In former
 times there were heroes who could per-
 form great atchievements: and why not

@@ Line 145: / Line 145: @@
 freet: they looked out and saw a
 crowd of people, and in the midst of
-them a young man clad in blue<ref>The habit of those who have taken the lowest degree, or Sieou-tsai, is a blue gown, with a black border round it, and a pewter or silver bird on the top of their cap. — Those who have taken the second degree, or Kiu-gin, are distinguished by a gilded bird.</ref>, who
+them a young man clad in blue<ref>The habit of those who have taken the lowest degree, or Sieou-tsai, is a blue gown, with a black border round it, and a pewter or silver bird on the top of their cap. — Those who have taken the second degree, or Kiu-gin, are distinguished by a gown of a dark colour with a blue border: the bird in their cap is gold, or copper gilt. — The first degree, or that of Thin-see, is also distinguished by a habit different from the former, but more particularly by a girdle which they always wear at their governments, but is more rich and precious according to the offices they are advanced to. P. Du Halde ubi supra. Semedo's hist. p. 46. &c.</ref>, who
 wept and lamented. In the crowd
 the old woman saw her husband, whom
@@ Line 159: / Line 159: @@
 answered there were several, but none
 that durft open their lips: for who
 would be forward to appear against so
 great and powerful a Mandarine?

@@ Line 132: / Line 132: @@
 Wey-fiang-coon was advised of his loss,
 and repaired to the court to make his
 complaint: but not knowing how to
 apply for relief, and unable to learn
@@ Line 154: / Line 145: @@
 freet: they looked out and saw a
 crowd of people, and in the midst of
-them a young man clad in blue*, who
+them a young man clad in blue<ref>The habit of those who have taken the lowest degree, or Sieou-tsai, is a blue gown, with a black border round it, and a pewter or silver bird on the top of their cap. — Those who have taken the second degree, or Kiu-gin, are distinguished by a gilded bird.</ref>, who
 wept and lamented. In the crowd
 the old woman saw her husband, whom

@@ Line 106: / Line 106: @@
 she, that this village was not former-
 ly called as it is at present, Wey-
-twin<ref name="twin">Twin in the Chinese language signifies a village. — Transf.</ref>, but received that name from
+tswün<ref name="tswun">Tswün in the Chinese language signifies a village. — Transf.</ref>, but received that name from
 a family that lives here, who were once
 great people at court, but are now re-
@@ Line 114: / Line 114: @@
 letters: he went to court to undergo
 his examination<ref>Called by the Chinese Kow-shé. As all civil offices in China are bestowed according to personal merit, no wonder that the study of letters is in the highest esteem, and that the examinations of students are conducted with the greatest decorum, solemnity, and exactness. There are several lesser examinations before the students are admitted to be examined for the degree of Siou-tsai (answering to Batchelor of arts in our universities) the examination for which is made once in three years in each of the largest districts of the province before the Mandarines, who seldom confer it on more than four or five out of a hundred. — The examinations for the second degree, or Kiu-gin (answering to Master of arts or Licentiate in Europe) are also once in three years at the capital of the whole province, at which all the Siou-tsai are obliged to attend: out of ten thousand of whom perhaps only sixty are admitted. This degree intitles them to lower offices: but the highest employments are sure to be conferred on those who can obtain the degree of Thin-see (or Doctor) which they are examined for the year after they have obtained the former degree (but this they are not obliged to attend) at Pe-king before the Emperor himself: who seldom confers this degree on more than one hundred and fifty out of five or six thousand candidates. Each of these degrees is conferred according to their proficiency in history, politics, &c. P. Du Halde, vol. 1. p. 376.</ref>: there he met with
-a friend, a learned man, named Han-yuen<ref name="twin"/>, who conceived a great fondness
+a friend, a learned man, named Han-yuen<ref name="tswun"/>, who conceived a great fondness
 for him; and having one only daughter
 would give her to him in marriage:

@@ Line 113: / Line 113: @@
 mily, who altho' poor, understands
 letters: he went to court to undergo
-his examination †: there he met with
+his examination<ref>Called by the Chinese Kow-shé. As all civil offices in China are bestowed according to personal merit, no wonder that the study of letters is in the highest esteem, and that the examinations of students are conducted with the greatest decorum, solemnity, and exactness. There are several lesser examinations before the students are admitted to be examined for the degree of Siou-tsai (answering to Batchelor of arts in our universities) the examination for which is made once in three years in each of the largest districts of the province before the Mandarines, who seldom confer it on more than four or five out of a hundred. — The examinations for the second degree, or Kiu-gin (answering to Master of arts or Licentiate in Europe) are also once in three years at the capital of the whole province, at which all the Siou-tsai are obliged to attend: out of ten thousand of whom perhaps only sixty are admitted. This degree intitles them to lower offices: but the highest employments are sure to be conferred on those who can obtain the degree of Thin-see (or Doctor) which they are examined for the year after they have obtained the former degree (but this they are not obliged to attend) at Pe-king before the Emperor himself: who seldom confers this degree on more than one hundred and fifty out of five or six thousand candidates. Each of these degrees is conferred according to their proficiency in history, politics, &c. P. Du Halde, vol. 1. p. 376.</ref>: there he met with
-a friend, a learned man, named Han-
+a friend, a learned man, named Han-yuen<ref>Twin in the Chinese language signifies a village. — Transf.</ref>, who conceived a great fondness
 for him; and having one only daughter
 would give her to him in marriage:
 for which purpose he caused him to
 take a pledge. 'Tis now four years

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 tained his sixteenth year, his father and
 mother began to think of marrying
-their son*. They acquainted him with
+their son<ref>The Chinese are so desirous of having posterity, that a father lives in some sort of dishonour and is not easy in his mind 'till he hath married all his children: this makes them solicitous to dispose of them early. There have been instances in China of criminals under sentence of death, who, being childless and their families in danger of becoming extinct, have had their executions respited for a time, and been suffered to have their wives co-habit with them, that they might not die without leaving posterity. P. Du Halde, vol. 4, p. 303.</ref>. They acquainted him with
 it; but he was no way disposed to con-
 cur with their intentions: on the con-
 trary, he urged that marriage was
 not like an acquaintance or friendship,
-which could not be quitted on any dislike or disagreement: that whenever
+which could not be quitted on any dislike or disagreement<ref>Among the Chinese, Marriage, when solemnized, cannot be dissolved, and although their laws allow of Divorce in some few cases, of which adultery is chief, yet instances of it are very rare, and those only among the very lowest of the people. P. Du Halde, vol. 1. p. 305. 444.</ref>: that whenever
 he should incline to marry, he would
 take more than common care in his
@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 it 'till he could meet with a lady possessed of every perfection of mind and
 person. These arguments weighed so
-deeply
+deeply with his parents,
 for which purpose he caused him to
 take a pledge. 'Tis now four years
@@ Line 84: / Line 83: @@
 ing him drest in his student's habit, said
 to him, "Siang-coon, or young gentle-
-man, I suppose you are come from court
+man, I suppose you are come from court<ref>The inns in China are commonly mean, being generally four walls made of earth, without plaister or floor, except in the greatest roads of all, where they are large and handsome: but it is necessary for travellers to carry their beds with them (commonly a quilt or two) or they must lie on a mat. See P. Du Halde, &c.</ref>
 hither to visit Wey-fiang-coon, or our
 young student of this village." He

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 called ''the handsome Tieh'': yet was his temper no less rough and impetuous than his form was elegant and pleasing:
 bold and resolute in resenting affronts, without any regard or awe of his superiors; yet strictly just, humane, generous, and noble, never so happy as when employed in assisting and relieving the distressed.
-His father, whose name was ''Tieh-ying'', was a Mandarine of justice: his mother's name was ''Sheh sheh'': his father belonged to one of the tribunals in the palace, but because of the violent temper of his son, confined him at his house in another city*, lest he should involve him in
+His father, whose name was ''Tieh-ying'', was a Mandarine of justice: his mother's name was ''Sheh sheh'': his father belonged to one of the tribunals in the palace, but because of the violent temper of his son, confined him at his house in another city<ref>'Tis the custom in China for Mandarines to have their houses in a different place from that where they hold their office. — Translator.</ref>, lest he should involve him in
 any trouble at court. There he lived and kept house, pursuing his studies,
 and at proper intervals unbending his