Hist Trans EN 8 - Revision history

Liu Peiting: /* Conclusion */

2021-12-16T04:55:30Z

Conclusion

Liu Peiting: /* 2. History of Translation in Britain */

2021-12-16T04:54:57Z

2. History of Translation in Britain

Liu Peiting: /* Introduction */

2021-12-16T04:53:53Z

Introduction

Liu Peiting: /* Key words */

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Key words

Yang Ye at 07:05, 15 December 2021

2021-12-15T07:05:27Z

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'''History of Translations'''

[[History_of_Translations|Overview Page of History of Translation]]

30 Chapters（0/30)

[[Hist_Trans_EN_1]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_2]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_3]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_4]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_5]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_6]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_7]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_8]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_9]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_10]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_11]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_12]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_13]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_14]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_15]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_16]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_17]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_18]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_19]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_20]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_21]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_22]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_23]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_24]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_25]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_26]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_27]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_28]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_29]] [[Hist_Trans_EN_30]] ...

[[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]] [[DCG-To-Do|Zur To-Do-Liste]]

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 ==Conclusion==
 It could be seen from the above sections that one of the biggest characteristics of Western translation during the Renaissance was the parallel and independent development of the translation of western European national languages. The use of Latin, though still having some market, was a tributary in both writing and translation. Before the Renaissance, especially before the middle ages, when we talked about western translation, we mostly meant translation in Latin. Since the Renaissance, with the gradual formation and consolidation of national states and the development of national languages, western translation had turned to national languages,especially French, English and German.The translation activities in the Renaissance period were basically devoid of disciplinary consciousness, and the theories were fragmentary and unsystematic. Most of the authors were translation practitioners, and most of the theories were empirical. Thanks to the translators in these three countries who were devoted themselves to the study of translation principles and the transmission of classic works, their consistant and pain-staking efforts had pushed the translation theory to anew level and left countlessly valueable translated works.Therefore, the Renaissance could be said to be a turning point in the history of western translation. In short, the Renaissance marks that the translation of national languages has been firmly on the historical stage, and that translation practice and theory have broken away from the dark Middle Ages.It also laid a solid foundation for the contemporary translation. (Pan Wenguo,2002:23)
 ==References==

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	In Britain, the Renaissance came later than in the main countries of continental Europe, but Britain gradually kept up with others countries. During this period, the British capitalist economy developed rapidly, productivity improved greatly, and the country became increasingly prosperous , which has laid a solid material foundation for the development of literature and translation. Especially since Elizabeth came to the throne in the mid-16th century by the early 17th century, translation was flourishing. On the one hand, religious translation is in the ascendant, on the other hand, a great deal of literature from Greece, Rome and other contemporary countries was translated into English, which made English translation activities in this period one of the peaks of translation activities in Europe and even the world. Literary translation ranged from history and philosophy to poetry and drama, with the occurrence of a large number of excellent translators,who introduced ancient ingenuity to Britain, offering serious lessons not only to the Queen and politicians, but also plots and materials for dramatists and readers with the purpose of serving their country. At that time, many translators were not scholars, they were not bound by any strict translation theory, they could translate what they had at their own will. Many translations are not directly from the original texts, but from the translations or even the translation of the translation. Therefore, the scope and quantity of translation are unprecedented in Britain.In the aspect of religious translation, the translator was also influenced by humanism and the Reformation, a new understanding of the Bible arose, as well as a new attitude and a new way of dealing with the translation of the Bible. People advocated accurate translation in religious works, while for literature, the unbridled freedom of traditional translation methods persisted throughout the Elizabethan era.(Tan Zaixi,2004:71)		In Britain, the Renaissance came later than in the main countries of continental Europe, but Britain gradually kept up with others countries. During this period, the British capitalist economy developed rapidly, productivity improved greatly, and the country became increasingly prosperous , which has laid a solid material foundation for the development of literature and translation. Especially since Elizabeth came to the throne in the mid-16th century by the early 17th century, translation was flourishing. On the one hand, religious translation is in the ascendant, on the other hand, a great deal of literature from Greece, Rome and other contemporary countries was translated into English, which made English translation activities in this period one of the peaks of translation activities in Europe and even the world. Literary translation ranged from history and philosophy to poetry and drama, with the occurrence of a large number of excellent translators,who introduced ancient ingenuity to Britain, offering serious lessons not only to the Queen and politicians, but also plots and materials for dramatists and readers with the purpose of serving their country. At that time, many translators were not scholars, they were not bound by any strict translation theory, they could translate what they had at their own will. Many translations are not directly from the original texts, but from the translations or even the translation of the translation. Therefore, the scope and quantity of translation are unprecedented in Britain.In the aspect of religious translation, the translator was also influenced by humanism and the Reformation, a new understanding of the Bible arose, as well as a new attitude and a new way of dealing with the translation of the Bible. People advocated accurate translation in religious works, while for literature, the unbridled freedom of traditional translation methods persisted throughout the Elizabethan era.(Tan Zaixi,2004:71)

−	~~In Britain, the Renaissance began later than the major countries in continental Europe, but Britain developed rapidly and produced many achievements.~~
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−	During this period, the British capitalist economy developed rapidly, the productivity increased greatly, and the country prospered day by day, which laid a solid material foundation for the development of literature and translation. Especially since Elizabeth ascended the throne in the middle of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century, translation has developed vigorously. On the one hand, religious translation is in the ascendant. On the other hand, a large number of literary works from contemporary countries such as Greece and Rome have been translated into English, which makes English translation activities in this period one of the peaks of translation activities in Europe and even the world. Literary translation ranges from history and philosophy to poetry and drama. A large number of excellent translators have emerged. They introduced the originality of ancient times into Britain, which not only provided serious lessons for the queen and politicians, but also provided plot and materials for playwrights and readers, in order to serve the country. At that time, many translators were not scholars. They were not bound by any strict translation theory. They could translate what they had at will. Many translations are not directly from the original text, but from the translation, or even the translation of the translation. Therefore, the scope and quantity of translation are unprecedented in the UK. In religious translation, the translator has also been influenced by humanism and religious reform, has a new understanding of the Bible, and has a new attitude and method to the translation of the Bible. People advocate accurate translation in religious works, while in literary works, the unbridled freedom of traditional translation methods continued throughout the Elizabethan era. (Tan Zaixi, 2004:71) --[[User:Liu Wei\|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei\|talk]]) 12:59, 14 December 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei

	====2.1 Translation of Douglas and Cheke====		====2.1 Translation of Douglas and Cheke====

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	Originated in Italy in the 15th century, and in the 16th century Renaissance swept Europe, (especially Western European countries) and gradually formed a climax. At that time, western society was filled with a spirit of seeking and conquering the objective world. When this spirit was reflected in the translation field, translators were full of ambition and spared no effort to constantly discover new literary styles, excavate new cultural heritages and transplant new ideas to their motherland. Many translators translated classic works related to politics, philosophy, social system, literature and art of past glorious countries into their national languages as reference for the development of their own countries. All achievements in translation were compared to "trophies" in literature and knowledge. Next, we are to have a review on translations history of France, Britain and Germany, three major Western European countries in the high tide of Renaissance.		Originated in Italy in the 15th century, and in the 16th century Renaissance swept Europe, (especially Western European countries) and gradually formed a climax. At that time, western society was filled with a spirit of seeking and conquering the objective world. When this spirit was reflected in the translation field, translators were full of ambition and spared no effort to constantly discover new literary styles, excavate new cultural heritages and transplant new ideas to their motherland. Many translators translated classic works related to politics, philosophy, social system, literature and art of past glorious countries into their national languages as reference for the development of their own countries. All achievements in translation were compared to "trophies" in literature and knowledge. Next, we are to have a review on translations history of France, Britain and Germany, three major Western European countries in the high tide of Renaissance.
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−	From the 14th century to the middle of the 17th century, it is the Renaissance, which refers to the rediscovery and Renaissance of ancient Greek and Roman literature, art and science. The word "Renaissance" was designed by Italian Humanists who tried to reaffirm their continuity with the heritage of classical humanism, which was a great intellectual and cultural revolution. This is also "the greatest progressive revolution that mankind has experienced so far, an era that needs giants and produces giants".
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−	The Renaissance takes the dissemination of humanism as one of the main forms of expression, involving all aspects of the cultural field, including ancient Greek, Roman and contemporary European works. Translation obviously plays an important role in the study and revival of classical culture and the development and dissemination of new ideas. The brilliant renaissance itself included and relied on unprecedented translation activities. Therefore, it not only marks the great development of literature, art and science, but also an important milestone in the history of translation. (Engels 1972:445)
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−	The Renaissance originated in Italy in the 15th century, The 16th century swept Europe (especially in Western European countries) and gradually reached a climax. At that time, western society was full of the spirit of pursuing and conquering the objective world. When this spirit was reflected in the field of translation, translators were full of ambition, spared no effort to constantly discover new styles, excavate new cultural heritage and transplant new ideas to their motherland. Many translators put the politics of past brilliant countries into practice , philosophy, social system, literature and art are translated into their own national language as a reference for their own development. All translation achievements are compared to "trophies" of literature and knowledge. Next, we will review the translation history of France, Britain and Germany in the climax of the Renaissance. --[[User:Liu Wei\|Liu Wei]] ([[User talk:Liu Wei\|talk]]) 12:52, 14 December 2021 (UTC)Liu Wei

	==1.History of Translation in France==		==1.History of Translation in France==

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 ==Key words==
 Translation history; renaissance; France; Britain; Germany
 ==Introduction==