Hist Trans Theo EN 10 - Revision history

Yang Kun: /* Charles Batteuxt */

2021-12-29T09:37:11Z

Charles Batteuxt

Yang Kun: /* Perrot d'Ablancourt */

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Perrot d'Ablancourt

Yang Kun: /* Jacques Amyot */

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Jacques Amyot

Yang Kun: /* Etienne Dolet */

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Etienne Dolet

Yang Kun: /* Chapter 10:French Translation Theories From 16th Century to 18th Century */

2021-12-15T14:59:07Z

Chapter 10:French Translation Theories From 16th Century to 18th Century

Yang Kun: /* Chapter 10:French Translation Theories From 16th Century to 18th Century */

2021-12-15T14:55:57Z

Chapter 10:French Translation Theories From 16th Century to 18th Century

Yang Kun: /* Chapter 10:French Translation Theories From 16th Century to 18th Century */

2021-12-15T14:52:19Z

Chapter 10:French Translation Theories From 16th Century to 18th Century

Yang Kun: Undo revision 133506 by Yang Kun (talk)

2021-12-15T14:47:40Z

Undo revision 133506 by Yang Kun (talk)

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Yang Kun: /* Chapter 10:French Translation Theories From 16th Century to 18th Century */

2021-12-15T14:43:01Z

Chapter 10:French Translation Theories From 16th Century to 18th Century

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Liu Yunxin: /* Etienne Dolet */

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Etienne Dolet

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 In the 18th century the force of France was much weaker and so as the culture. During this period, France began to look to other powerful countries such as Britain for advanced culture. Although the number of translations in this period is quite large, the quality is generally not high. There were few translation theorists in this period and their influence was not great. Notable among them is the literary theorist Charles Batteux.
-====Charles Batteuxt====
+====Charles Batteuxt and his translation theories====
 Charles Batteux (1713-1780) made the greatest contribution to the study of translation theory in France in the 18th century.He was a professor of philosophy at the Royal Academy of France and one of the most influential figures in literary theory and translation theory in France and throughout Europe in the 18th century.He edited and published a variety of translation books, translated Aristotle, Horace and many other classical works of ancient Greece and Rome, wrote Principes de litterature and Cours de belles-lettres,etc.Among them, Cours de belles-lettres was translated into English less than 10 years after its publication in 1750, and Principes de litterature is a work of great influence in the field of translation.Batteux elaborated his thoughts and views on translation in this book. His original views and excellent exposition made this book an important milestone in the development of western translation theories in the 18th century.

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 At that time, France was under the rule of Louis XIV, with strong national strength, development of production and economic prosperity. The number of educated people kept increasing, and more and more people had the requirement of reading, writing and translation, which created favorable conditions for the development of translation activities.At the same time, France became the ideological center of Europe, and The status of French as a national language continued to rise, even on a par with Latin, a religious and cultural language, and its influence radiated throughout Europe.The strong cultural confidence of the French made the French literary creation model gradually replace the ancient Greek and Roman model.In addition, the famous "struggle between historicism and presentism" in the history of literature divided the French translation circle into two schools: presentism who admires free translation;and historicism who advocates accurate translation.The historicism believes that the translation of classical works involves the attitude towards the ancient writers and works (that is, whether to respect the classical writers and works), and they regard the translators who are not faithful to the original works as their number one enemy. However, presentism believes that modern translations can and should surpass those of the ancients and be comparable to the original texts as society continues to progress. In French translation circles at that time, the free translation method dominated, especially famous for Perrot d'Ablancourt's "les belle infideles" .(Chen Wei,2015:91-100)
-====Perrot d'Ablancourt====
+====Perrot d'Ablancourt and his translation theories====
 In the 17th century, France was in vogue for "rewriting the original work according to the aesthetic requirements of that period and the standards of classicism", even at the expense of "damaging the characteristics of the original work", which was called "les belles infideles" by the translation critic Gilles Ménage at that time.He used this metaphor when he was commenting on the translator Perrot d'Ablancourt. He said that when d'Ablancourt's translation was published, "many people complained that it was unfaithful," and that "it reminded me of a woman whom I had been very fond of in Tours, who was beautiful but unfaithful" and "whom I called 'la belle infidele'".Since then, "les belles infideles" has become a synonym for "beautiful and unfaithful translation", and has become a weapon used by translators and critics who advocate literal translation to attack free translation.(Gilles Ménage,1715:186)

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 However, due to the brevity of Dolet's articles, he did not elaborate on the principles after they were put forward, and he did not write or have time to write more similar works or papers to reiterate his views, so he did not form a school of theory, and did not have a great influence at that time.
-====Jacques Amyot====
+====Jacques Amyot and his translation theories====
 Jacques Amyot (1513-1593) was another outstanding French translator of the Renaissance.Born into a small merchant family, Amyot studied ancient Greek and Latin languages and literature at the French School.He was appointed professor at Bourges University on the royal recommendation and served as tutor to two princes.His later years were bleak because of the religious wars.Amyot's achievements are mainly the translation of several ancient Greek and Roman literary classics, but because of the great influence of the translation and the pursuit of "trying to be comparable with the original work" in the translation of the lofty ambition, he is generally regarded as a writer in the history of literature.

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 In the 16th century, there was a boom in translation in France. As a new genre, the translation of literary works is different from the previous religious translation, and translators are faced with many new problems, so the translation theory arises at the historic moment. Etienne Dolet and Jacques Amyot are the most prominent representatives of translation theory in this period. They are both translators and translation theorists, and the latter is especially successful in translation. Both of their translation theories come from translation practice, so they are convincing to some extent.(Chen Shunyi,2014:12)
-====Etienne Dolet====
+====Etienne Dolet and his translation theories====
 Etienne Dolet (1509-1546) established himself as a translator, humanist and linguist in the history of French translation.He was born in 1509 in Orleans, France, studied in Paris, travelled to Italy and returned home at the age of 21.In the field of French translation, he is honored as "the father of French translation theory" and "the first one who put forward translation theory systematically in the modern History of Europe". Dolet returned to France at a time when the Renaissance was sweeping Western Europe and he actively participated in the humanist movement.During this period, the study of Greek and Latin flourished in the country, and ancient Greek and Latin writers were respected and valued. Translation activities became more frequent and the focus of translation shifted from religious works to classical literature works. Erasmus,a contemporary Dutch translator, exerted a certain influence on the formation of Dolet's translation thoughts, such as his emphasis on language and style.At the same time, Dolet was also deeply influenced by his contemporary German translator Martin Luther, who stressed that the translation should use the language with its own characteristics so that the general public can accept it. When it comes to specific translation skills, they all agree that the desired effect can be achieved by adjusting the word order.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:59, 15 December 2021
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−	=Chapter 10:French Translation Theories ~~From~~ 16th Century to 18th Century =	+	=Chapter 10:French Translation Theories from 16th Century to 18th Century =

	"十六世纪至十八世纪法国翻译理论"		"十六世纪至十八世纪法国翻译理论"

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 "十六世纪至十八世纪法国翻译理论"
-杨堃 Yang Kun,Hunan Normal University,china.
+杨堃 Yang Kun,Hunan Normal University,China.
 === Abstract ===

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 === Abstract ===
-The history of translation is as ancient as the history of language. Since human beings have the ability to communicate with language, translation has begun. It can be said that human translation activities evolve and develop together with human culture and civilization. Whether a culture can survive or not is closely related to translation.French translation theory plays an important role in western translation theory. However, due to various reasons, compared with translation theories in the United States and The United Kingdom, there are very few studies on French translation theories in China, and the only studies are mainly limited to some famous French translators. This paper gives a brief overview of the development of French translation theory from three periods: French translation theory from 16th century to 18th century, combining with some famous French translators and their theories. Stones from other hills may serve to polish the jade of this one. It is hoped that this paper will provide some reference for the development of Translation theory in China. -- corrected by [[User:Liu Yunxin|Liu Yunxin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yunxin|talk]]) 09:03, 14 December 2021 (UTC)
+The history of translation is as ancient as the history of language. Since human beings have the ability to communicate with language, translation has begun. It can be said that human translation activities evolve and develop together with human culture and civilization. Whether a culture can survive or not is closely related to translation.French translation theory plays an important role in western translation theory. However, due to various reasons, compared with translation theories in the United States and The United Kingdom, there are very few studies on French translation theories in China, and the only studies are mainly limited to some famous French translators. This paper gives a brief overview of the development of French translation theory from three periods: French translation theory from 16th century to 18th century, combining with some famous French translators and their theories. Stones from other hills may serve to polish the jade of this one. It is hoped that this paper will provide some reference for the development of Translation theory in China.
 === Key words ===
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 === Introduction ===
-The history of western translation originated in the third century BC. The earliest translation is the Seventy Greek texts of the Old Testament, the Bible, translated by seventy-two Jewish scholars in Alexandria, Egypt. But strictly speaking, the first translation in the West was a Latin translation of The Greek Homer's epic ''Odyssey''. Therefore, western translation activities have been going on for more than two thousand years. Since the reform and opening up, China has made great achievements in the study of western translation theories, but the main achievements are English and American translation theories, and there is not much research on the translation theories of France, Germany and other "small language" countries.As Professor Xu Jun said, "Due to various reasons, we have not made a systematic introduction to the translation studies of many countries, let alone an in-depth study. For example, we have little understanding of the translation studies of France." However, it is undeniable that these countries have also made great achievements in translation studies, such as Etienne Dore, Charles Barth, George Munan and the Interpretive School. Therefore, a brief introduction to French translation theory will help us better understand the history of French translation and the history of western translation theory, and also contribute to the in-depth and development of translation theory research in China. The following will be discussed from 16th to 18th century.（Xu Jun,Yuan Xiaoyi 2001:1）-- corrected by [[User:Liu Yunxin|Liu Yunxin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yunxin|talk]]) 09:22, 14 December 2021 (UTC)
+The history of western translation originated in the third century BC. The earliest translation is the Seventy Greek texts of the Old Testament, the Bible, translated by seventy-two Jewish scholars in Alexandria, Egypt. But strictly speaking, the first translation in the West was a Latin translation of The Greek Homer's epic ''Odyssey''. Therefore, western translation activities have been going on for more than two thousand years. Since the reform and opening up, China has made great achievements in the study of western translation theories, but the main achievements are English and American translation theories, and there is not much research on the translation theories of France, Germany and other "small language" countries.As Professor Xu Jun said, "Due to various reasons, we have not made a systematic introduction to the translation studies of many countries, let alone an in-depth study. For example, we have little understanding of the translation studies of France." However, it is undeniable that these countries have also made great achievements in translation studies, such as Etienne Dore, Charles Barth, George Munan and the Interpretive School. Therefore, a brief introduction to French translation theory will help us better understand the history of French translation and the history of western translation theory, and also contribute to the in-depth and development of translation theory research in China. The following will be discussed from 16th to 18th century.（Xu Jun,Yuan Xiaoyi 2001:1)
 === 1.Translation theories in 16th century ===
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 ====Etienne Dolet====
-Etienne Dolet (1509-1546) established himself as a translator, humanist and linguist in the history of French translation.He was born in 1509 in Orleans, France, studied in Paris, travelled to Italy and returned home at the age of 21.In the field of French translation, he is honored as "the father of French translation theory" and "the first one who put forward translation theory systematically in the modern History of Europe". Dolet returned to France at a time when the Renaissance was sweeping Western Europe and he actively participated in the humanist movement.During this period, the study of Greek and Latin flourished in the country, and ancient Greek and Latin writers were respected and valued. Translation activities became more frequent and the focus of translation shifted from religious works to classical literature works. Erasmus,a contemporary Dutch translator, exerted a certain influence on the formation of Dolet's translation thoughts, such as his emphasis on language and style.At the same time, Dolet was also deeply influenced by his contemporary German translator Martin Luther, who stressed that the translation should use the language with its own characteristics so that the general public can accept it. When it comes to specific translation skills, they all agree that the desired effect can be achieved by adjusting the word order.-- corrected by [[User:Liu Yunxin|Liu Yunxin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yunxin|talk]]) 11:12, 15 December 2021 (UTC)
+Etienne Dolet (1509-1546) established himself as a translator, humanist and linguist in the history of French translation.He was born in 1509 in Orleans, France, studied in Paris, travelled to Italy and returned home at the age of 21.In the field of French translation, he is honored as "the father of French translation theory" and "the first one who put forward translation theory systematically in the modern History of Europe". Dolet returned to France at a time when the Renaissance was sweeping Western Europe and he actively participated in the humanist movement.During this period, the study of Greek and Latin flourished in the country, and ancient Greek and Latin writers were respected and valued. Translation activities became more frequent and the focus of translation shifted from religious works to classical literature works. Erasmus,a contemporary Dutch translator, exerted a certain influence on the formation of Dolet's translation thoughts, such as his emphasis on language and style.At the same time, Dolet was also deeply influenced by his contemporary German translator Martin Luther, who stressed that the translation should use the language with its own characteristics so that the general public can accept it. When it comes to specific translation skills, they all agree that the desired effect can be achieved by adjusting the word order.
 Dolet's translation principles were his translation thoughts which were put forward in his article How to Translate Well from One Language to Another in 1540. He listed the following basic principles of translation:

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 ====Etienne Dolet====
-Etienne Dolet (1509-1546) established himself as a translator, humanist and linguist in the history of French translation.He was born in 1509 in Orleans, France, studied in Paris, travelled to Italy and returned home at the age of 21.In the field of French translation, he is honored as "the father of French translation theory" and "the first one who put forward translation theory systematically in the modern History of Europe".Dolet returned to France at a time when the Renaissance was sweeping Western Europe and he actively participated in the humanist movement.During this period, the study of Greek and Latin flourished in the country, and ancient Greek and Latin writers were respected and valued.Translation activities became more frequent and the focus of translation shifted from religious works to classical literature works. Erasmus,a contemporary Dutch translator, exerted a certain influence on the formation of Dolet's translation thoughts, such as his emphasis on language and style.At the same time, Dolet was also deeply influenced by his contemporary German translator Martin Luther, who stressed that the translation should use the language with its own characteristics so that the general public can accept it.When it comes to specific translation skills, they all agree that the desired effect can be achieved by adjusting the word order.
+Etienne Dolet (1509-1546) established himself as a translator, humanist and linguist in the history of French translation.He was born in 1509 in Orleans, France, studied in Paris, travelled to Italy and returned home at the age of 21.In the field of French translation, he is honored as "the father of French translation theory" and "the first one who put forward translation theory systematically in the modern History of Europe". Dolet returned to France at a time when the Renaissance was sweeping Western Europe and he actively participated in the humanist movement.During this period, the study of Greek and Latin flourished in the country, and ancient Greek and Latin writers were respected and valued. Translation activities became more frequent and the focus of translation shifted from religious works to classical literature works. Erasmus,a contemporary Dutch translator, exerted a certain influence on the formation of Dolet's translation thoughts, such as his emphasis on language and style.At the same time, Dolet was also deeply influenced by his contemporary German translator Martin Luther, who stressed that the translation should use the language with its own characteristics so that the general public can accept it. When it comes to specific translation skills, they all agree that the desired effect can be achieved by adjusting the word order.-- corrected by [[User:Liu Yunxin|Liu Yunxin]] ([[User talk:Liu Yunxin|talk]]) 11:12, 15 December 2021 (UTC)
 Dolet's translation principles were his translation thoughts which were put forward in his article How to Translate Well from One Language to Another in 1540. He listed the following basic principles of translation:
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 .Through his choice and order of words the translator should produce a total overall effect with appropriate “tone”.（Etienne Dolet,1540）
-The first principle is aimed at the meaning of faithfulness to the original work, which is the fundamental principle that can not be ignored in translation.The second principle is the language requirement for the translator. Dolet believed that an excellent translator must be proficient in both languages. In principle, there is no primary or secondary distinction between the two languages, and the translator should be a language expert who is good at reading and writing in the target language.The third principle shows that Dolet did not advocate literal translation or word-by-word dead translation, but advocated free translation and live translation.In the fourth principle, Dolet, like all humanists, stressed the importance of using national languages and idioms to serve the general audience so that the translation can be understood by the common people.The last principle refers to the style, which requires the translation to be consistent with the original text in style through various rhetorical devices. The translation itself must be natural, smooth and harmonious, so as to give readers "aesthetic enjoyment".
+The first principle is aimed at the meaning of faithfulness to the original work, which is the fundamental principle that can not be ignored in translation. The second principle is the language requirement for the translator. Dolet believed that an excellent translator must be proficient in both languages. In principle, there is no primary or secondary distinction between the two languages, and the translator should be a language expert who is good at reading and writing in the target language.The third principle shows that Dolet did not advocate literal translation or word-by-word dead translation, but advocated free translation and live translation.In the fourth principle, Dolet, like all humanists, stressed the importance of using national languages and idioms to serve the general audience so that the translation can be understood by the common people.The last principle refers to the style, which requires the translation to be consistent with the original text in style through various rhetorical devices. The translation itself must be natural, smooth and harmonious, so as to give readers "aesthetic enjoyment".
 Dolet's translation theory is quite modern in its principles.It involves the basic principles and problems of translation put forward by the later theorists.Gallix, a famous contemporary French translator, believes that Dolet's principle is "concise and clear, he was the first person who really put forward the theory of translation art in Europe".Ballard, another famous French translation theorist, believes that Dolet's translation propositions constitute the embryonic form of French translation theories, and his principles are of universal significance  (Tan Zaixi, 2004:71).