Machine Trans EN 3 - Revision history

Xiao Yiyao at 16:23, 15 December 2021

2021-12-15T16:23:13Z

Show changes

Xiao Yiyao at 09:44, 15 December 2021

2021-12-15T09:44:18Z

Xiao Yiyao: /* References */

2021-12-15T06:09:11Z

References

Xiao Yiyao: /* Absolute advantages of human translation in literary text */

2021-12-15T06:08:05Z

Absolute advantages of human translation in literary text

Xiao Yiyao: /* Introduction */

2021-12-14T13:30:15Z

Introduction

Wang Lifei: /* Conclusion */

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Conclusion

Wang Lifei: /* Mutual development of human translation and machine translation */

2021-12-12T04:07:40Z

Mutual development of human translation and machine translation

Wang Lifei: /* Machine Translation on non-literary fields */

2021-12-12T04:06:33Z

Machine Translation on non-literary fields

Wang Lifei: /* Absolute advantages of human translation in literary text */

2021-12-12T04:05:55Z

Absolute advantages of human translation in literary text

Wang Lifei: /* The irreplaceability of human translation */

2021-12-12T04:04:53Z

The irreplaceability of human translation

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-[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_3]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...
+[[Machine_Trans_EN_1]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_2]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_4]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_5]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_6]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_7]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_8]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_9]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_10]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_11]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_12]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_13]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_14]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_15]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_16]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_17]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_18]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_19]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_20]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_21]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_22]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_23]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_24]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_25]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_26]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_27]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_28]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_29]] [[Machine_Trans_EN_30]] ...
 [[Book_projects|Back to translation project overview]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:09, 15 December 2021
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	[11]Zhuo Jianbin 卓键滨,Liu Wenxian 刘文娴,Peng Zili 彭子莉(2021),机器翻译对各类型文本的德汉翻译能力探究[J][Research on the German Chinese Translation Ability of Machine Translation for Various Types of Texts]. Comparative Study of Cultural innovation 文化创新比较研究.		[11]Zhuo Jianbin 卓键滨,Liu Wenxian 刘文娴,Peng Zili 彭子莉(2021),机器翻译对各类型文本的德汉翻译能力探究[J][Research on the German Chinese Translation Ability of Machine Translation for Various Types of Texts]. Comparative Study of Cultural innovation 文化创新比较研究.
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		+	Written By--[[User:Xiao Yiyao\|Xiao Yiyao]] ([[User talk:Xiao Yiyao\|talk]]) 06:09, 15 December 2021 (UTC)

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 One of the reasons why human translation cannot be completely replaced by machine translation is the absolute advantage of human translation in literary works translation. Machine translation is an activity of mechanical operation, and its translated text is far less personalized and creative than human translation, as well as the use of words and sentences and semantic connotation.
-Literature refers to works that use language as a tool and various literary forms to vividly reflect life and express the author's understanding and emotion of life and society, so as to arouse people's aesthetic feelings and give people artistic enjoyment. (Li 2004:23) Translation of literary texts mainly includes the translation of novels, essays, poems, and dramas. Because of the high artistic quality and creativity of literary texts, they have the characteristics of flexible and rich wording, vivid language, and diverse style of writing, which condense the author's thoughts, wisdom, emotion and creation. Therefore, literary translation, to some extent, is a kind of artistic translation, which means to reproduce the artistic image, artistic style and artistic conception of the original work in another language, including the analysis and reproduction of many elements such as theme, character, psychology, plot and environment. The translation process of literary texts is not only the simple conversion of language information, but also the exchange, collision and fusion of social background, culture and ideas between two languages. In order to make the target language readers enjoy the same artistic enjoyment as the original language readers, the translation must be based on the principle of "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance", and it is necessary to analyze, sort out and reproduce the words, rhetoric, semantics and style of the original text in detail. This process requires the translator to give full play to his subjective initiative.
+Literature refers to works that use language as a tool and various literary forms to vividly reflect life and express the author's understanding and emotion of life and society, so as to arouse people's aesthetic feelings and give people artistic enjoyment. Translation of literary texts mainly includes the translation of novels, essays, poems, and dramas. Because of the high artistic quality and creativity of literary texts, they have the characteristics of flexible and rich wording, vivid language, and diverse style of writing, which condense the author's thoughts, wisdom, emotion and creation. Therefore, literary translation, to some extent, is a kind of artistic translation, which means to reproduce the artistic image, artistic style and artistic conception of the original work in another language, including the analysis and reproduction of many elements such as theme, character, psychology, plot and environment. The translation process of literary texts is not only the simple conversion of language information, but also the exchange, collision and fusion of social background, culture and ideas between two languages. In order to make the target language readers enjoy the same artistic enjoyment as the original language readers, the translation must be based on the principle of "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance", and it is necessary to analyze, sort out and reproduce the words, rhetoric, semantics and style of the original text in detail. This process requires the translator to give full play to his subjective initiative.(Li 2004:23)
 Although machine translation has the characteristics of low cost and high speed, there are some limitations and shortcomings in the translation of literary texts. First of all, machine translation cannot translate the extended content of the original text. Secondly, machine translation cannot accurately reproduce the characters or artistic images described in the original text. Besides, the machine translation of the description of the environment or scenery is a little stiff, lacking of beauty and charm. Then, the machine cannot accurately analyze the psychological activities and emotional expressions of the characters in the work. Finally, the machine can not correctly analyze the semantics and sentence structure, and the translation is prone to language errors and grammatical errors, which makes people unintelligible.

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 ===Introduction===
-From the dawn of time, translation has always been of great necessity in every aspect, such as in political, economic, and daily life. With countries around the world becoming more inter-linked, it demands much more amounts of translators. Nevertheless, human translators are quite expensive and also limited by time and space. Then machine translation comes into being for higher efficiency and lower cost. Machine translation, also called computer aided translation, refers to using a computer to translate the source language into the target language. (Chen 2021:190) It is completely automatic without any human intervention. Currently, machine translation has held an excellent position in the translation market and has caused a particular impact on the employment of human translators. Thus many scholars are concerned about whether human translators could be totally displaced by machine translation. The answer is absolutely not. Obviously, both machine translation and human translation have their own advantages and disadvantages. Machine translation can not completely eliminate human translation, on the other hand, human translation can never completely deny the great role machine translation plays in the translation market. The relative status of machine translation and human translation is different in some field and both the two has different functions in the same specific field. Therefore, how could translators get along with machine translation in harmony and complementarily? How could they achieve a win-win situation, both human translation and machine translation making competitive progress?
+From the dawn of time, translation has always been of great necessity in every aspect, such as in political, economic, and daily life. With countries around the world becoming more inter-linked, it demands much more amounts of translators. Nevertheless, human translators are quite expensive and also limited by time and space. Then machine translation comes into being for higher efficiency and lower cost. Machine translation, also called computer aided translation, refers to using a computer to translate the source language into the target language. It is completely automatic without any human intervention. (Chen 2021:190)
 This paper aims to through a comparative analysis between machine translation and human translation to figure out their respective advantage as well as the existing defects. The author believes that machine translation can be both a challenge and an opportunity, depending on how human translators deal with such a situation. Therefore, in this paper, the author attempts to present some advice on how could human translation and machine translation achieve cooperative development.

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 ===Conclusion===
-Machine translation is the product of human seeking progress and improving human life, whose original purpose is to promote the development of human translation. With the continuous development of science and technology, machine translation does have caused certain challenge on traditional human translation, but the impact is not enough to eliminate human translation out of the translation market. In addition, the machine translation system is still not mature enough. Although it is highly efficient, low-cost and covers a wide range of fields, machine translation still has a certain lag and much room for improvement. This is because the corpus on which machine translation is built cannot be updated in time and language materials input in the corpus is insufficient, and such shortage is mainly reflected in the translation of minority languages. And compared with human translation, machine translation is clearly at a disadvantage position in literary translation. Machine translation is a mechanical restructuring operation of language elements, which lack of creativity during the translating process. It are unable to combine the specific context and cultural background to the understanding of deep meaning of the source text, and it also cannot do certain translation transformation so as to suit the style of  source text.
+Machine translation is the product of human seeking progress and improving human life, whose original purpose is to promote the development of human translation. With the continuous development of science and technology, machine translation does have caused certain challenges on traditional human translation, but the impact is not enough to eliminate human translation out of the translation market. In addition, the machine translation system is still not mature enough. Although it is highly efficient, low-cost, and covers a wide range of fields, machine translation still has a certain lag and much room for improvement. This is because the corpus on which machine translation is built cannot be updated in time and language materials input in the corpus is insufficient, and such shortage is mainly reflected in the translation of minority languages. And compared with human translation, machine translation is clearly at a disadvantage position in literary translation. Machine translation is a mechanical restructuring operation of language elements, which lack creativity during the translating process. It is unable to combine the specific context and cultural background to the understanding of deep meaning of the source text, and it also cannot do certain translation transformation so as to suit the style of the source text.
-However, machine translation is not completely in a disadvantaged position. For some regular and programmed translations, machine translation obviously gain the upper hand, such as the translation of instructions and technical documents. It is b because that such texts often do not require very complicated translation means, but only need to repeatedly reconstruct various terms that have already been input into the corpus and then output the translation results.
+However, machine translation is not completely in a disadvantaged position. For some regular and programmed translations, machine translation obviously gain the upper hand, such as the translation of instructions and technical documents. It is b because such texts often do not require very complicated translation means, but only need to repeatedly reconstruct various terms that have already been input into the corpus and then output the translation results.
-Standing in the perspective of human translation, there is no need for translator to be worried about the negative impact of machine translation. Because in any event, machine translation was still a product invented by human beings and all its operation and maintenance cannot be departed from human beings. Actually, it can be said that machine translation is subordinate to human beings. What the translator should do is try to improve themselves, pay more attention to the current translation market, and be familiar with all kinds of translation tools. The developers should update constantly the machine translation for better serve human translation. Thus, the competition between machine translation and human translation can be  transformed into a mutual promotion and symbiotic development.
+Standing in the perspective of human translation, there is no need for the translator to be worried about the negative impact of machine translation. Because in any event, machine translation was still a product invented by human beings and all its operation and maintenance cannot be departed from human beings. Actually, it can be said that machine translation is subordinate to human beings. What the translator should do is try to improve themselves, pay more attention to the current translation market, and be familiar with all kinds of translation tools. The developers should update constantly the machine translation to better serve human translation. Thus, the competition between machine translation and human translation can be transformed into a mutual promotion and symbiotic development.
 =References =

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 ===Mutual development of human translation and machine translation===
-At present, it seems that machine translation and human translation are in a competitive relationship, but both of them still have certain defects, for which they are not enough to completely drive the other side out of the translation market. But on the other hand, human translation and machine translation is also in an interdependent relationship , both are indispensable. In order to achieve the harmonious development of translation market, human beings should take the initiative to adjust the relationship between machine translation and human translation, making use of the high efficiency of machine translation to compensate for the time-consuming of human translation, and using the high quality of human translation to improve the quality of machine translation.
+At present, it seems that machine translation and human translation are in a competitive relationship, but both of them still have certain defects, for which they are not enough to completely drive the other side out of the translation market. But on the other hand, human translation and machine translation are also in an interdependent relationship, both are indispensable. In order to achieve the harmonious development of the translation market, human beings should take the initiative to adjust the relationship between machine translation and human translation, making use of the high efficiency of machine translation to compensate for the time-consuming of human translation, and using the high quality of human translation to improve the quality of machine translation.
-At the same time, people should combine machine translation and human translation when carrying out translation work. Machine translation and human translation cooperate in division of labor. Machine translation deals with basic work while human translation takes responsibility for the relatively complex work. For some regular translations with templates, machine translation can first carry out preliminary translation work, while translators act as post-translation editors, which are mainly responsible for proofreading and optimizing the results of machine translation. Such a sort of working mode can not only save time, eliminating a lot of unnecessary repetitive trivial work, but also ensure the quality of translation results to a certain extent.
+At the same time, people should combine machine translation and human translation when carrying out translation work. Machine translation and human translation cooperate in the division of labor. Machine translation deals with basic work while human translation takes responsibility for the relatively complex work. For some regular translations with templates, machine translation can first carry out preliminary translation work, while translators act as post-translation editors, which are mainly responsible for proofreading and optimizing the results of machine translation. Such a sort of working mode can not only save time, eliminating a lot of unnecessary repetitive trivial work, but also ensure the quality of translation results to a certain extent.
-To sum up, developers need to constantly improve the machine translation system, update and expand the corpus of the system in time to match the latest language trend, in case the  language materials are outdated. As for the translators, they need to improve their own translation skills and expand their knowledge. At the same time, they have to learn to make better use of different machine translation system，using it to improve their own translation. Actually, the rapid development of machine translation is both a challenge and an opportunity for human translation. The key point is whether translators can adjust the relationship between themselves and machine translation, and then transform the competitive relationship into a cooperative relationship, in which each other obtain certain promotion and also achieve symbiotic development.
+To sum up, developers need to constantly improve the machine translation system, update and expand the corpus of the system in time to match the latest language trend, in case the language materials are outdated. As for the translators, they need to improve their own translation skills and expand their knowledge. At the same time, they have to learn to make better use of different machine translation systems，using them to improve their own translation. Actually, the rapid development of machine translation is both a challenge and an opportunity for human translation. The key point is whether translators can adjust the relationship between themselves and machine translation, and then transform the competitive relationship into a cooperative relationship, in which each other obtain certain promotions and also achieve symbiotic development.
 ===Conclusion===

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 ==== Machine Translation on non-literary fields====
-Although machine translation is not well suitable for literary works, it can exert its great advantage in non-literary texts, because these sorts of texts tend to have low standards of translation quality and accuracy. At the same time, this kind of text translation basically has a certain corpus storage in the machine translation system, which is usually a kind of model translation and then machine translation is capable of simultaneous processing of several similar texts. Therefore, for some non-literary texts, such as web pages, news, product manuals and so on, the adoption of machine translation can effectively reduce costs and improve efficiency.
+Although machine translation is not well suitable for literary works, it can exert its great advantage in non-literary texts, because these sorts of texts tend to have low standards of translation quality and accuracy. At the same time, this kind of text translation basically has certain corpus storage in the machine translation system, which is usually a kind of model translation and then machine translation is capable of simultaneous processing of several similar texts. Therefore, for some non-literary texts, such as web pages, news, product manuals and so on, the adoption of machine translation can effectively reduce costs and improve efficiency.
-In our daily life, machine translation also plays a more important role. Machine translation can be used for free anytime and anywhere, and it is impractical and expensive for everyone to accompany a translator. Moreover, the language barriers encountered in daily life are often solved perfectly by machine translation, with no need to resort to human translation. For example, when traveling outside and encountering communication barriers, online translators can often be used to solve problems easily. Human translators, or interpreters, are often only necessary for large-scale events or activities with certain professional requirements, and can full display their strength to the maximum extent.
+In our daily life, machine translation also plays a more important role. Machine translation can be used for free anytime and anywhere, and it is impractical and expensive for everyone to accompany a translator. Moreover, the language barriers encountered in daily life are often solved perfectly by machine translation, with no need to resort to human translation. For example, when traveling outside and encountering communication barriers, online translators can often be used to solve problems easily. Human translators, or interpreters, are often only necessary for large-scale events or activities with certain professional requirements, and can fully display their strength to the maximum extent.
 ===Mutual development of human translation and machine translation===

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 ====The irreplaceability of human translation====
-According to the Dai Weidong, language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. (Dai 2013:7) Such a short definition exactly capture the main characteristics of language. The word “human” refers to that language is human-specific. While “translation” in Webster means a rendering from one language into another. Thus, translation should have to be also human-centered, and whether human translation or machine translation, its primary purpose is to serve human beings. Translation is a creative activity, which not only have to transfer the content and deep thought, but also language style expressed in original language to the target language accurately and appropriately. However, for machine translation, there is nothing about creativity, whose aim is to only mechanically and repeatedly recombine the words and sentences contained in the corpus and then output the results of such a series of translation process. Translation is never and will never be a mechanical transformation between two languages, but a process of re-creation. According to the different needs of the text genre, the scope of the translator's re-creation is somewhat floating, but it must be digested and absorbed by the translator before it is produced. Humans can meet this requirements perfectly, but machines cannot. That is to say translation only focus on the literal and superficial meaning of the original text but not a matter of free translation, without any spiritual connotation at all. Then, It's hardly for machine translation to express correctly the deeper meaning contained in the original text. Also, the writing style of the target text might become inappropriate or even totally different. When it comes to human translation, although it is less efficient than machine translation, the quality of the translation is often higher, because the work produced by human translation is often carefully considered and polished, and the words and expressions are selected elaborately. Besides, during the process of human translation, translators are able to give full play to their own subjective initiative and carry out creative activities in combination with their own cultural background knowledge. Human's special empathy ability enables the translator to better understand the deep meaning and thoughts of the original text. In this way,  the style of the translation will be much more appropriate to the original text.
+According to the Dai Weidong, language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. (Dai 2013:7) Such a short definition exactly captures the main characteristics of language. The word “human” refers to that language is human-specific. While “translation” in Webster means a rendering from one language into another. Thus, the translation should have to be also human-centered, and whether human translation or machine translation, its primary purpose is to serve human beings. Translation is a creative activity, which not only has to transfer the content and deep thought, but also language style expressed in the original language to the target language accurately and appropriately. However, for machine translation, there is nothing about creativity, whose aim is to only mechanically and repeatedly recombine the words and sentences contained in the corpus and then output the results of such a series of the translation process. Translation is never and will never be a mechanical transformation between two languages, but a process of re-creation. According to the different needs of the text genre, the scope of the translator's re-creation is somewhat floating, but it must be digested and absorbed by the translator before it is produced. Humans can meet this requirement perfectly, but machines cannot. That is to say, translation only focuses on the literal and superficial meaning of the original text but not a matter of free translation, without any spiritual connotation at all. Then, It's hard for machine translation to express correctly the deeper meaning contained in the original text. Also, the writing style of the target text might become inappropriate or even totally different. When it comes to human translation, although it is less efficient than machine translation, the quality of the translation is often higher, because the work produced by human translation is often carefully considered and polished, and the words and expressions are selected elaborately. Besides, during the process of human translation, translators are able to give full play to their own subjective initiative and carry out creative activities in combination with their own cultural background knowledge. A human's special empathy ability enables the translator to better understand the deep meaning and thoughts of the original text. In this way,  the style of the translation will be much more appropriate to the original text.
-Actually, the emergence of machine translation stems from the needs of people, whose main purpose is to provide much more service for human in order to better serve human being. In other words, machine translation is a product created by human beings giving full play to their subjective initiative. It can be easily seen that in every stage of machine translation operation, almost all requires human intervention. First of all, the emergence of translation software as a carrier of machine translation is created by human beings and depends on human research and development. Secondly, the emergence and perfection of corpus technology completely depend on the role of human beings. The quality, field and accuracy of machine translation all depend on the corpus behind it. The higher the quality, the wider the content and the larger the scale of the corpus, the more accurate the translated text will be. Corpus is built, collected, supplemented and maintained by people. Finally, machine translation is inseparable from post-translation editing. No matter how advanced the development of machine translation is, if you want to get a qualified translation, manual post-editing must be essential.It exists for human being, Then how can it replace human translation?
+Actually, the emergence of machine translation stems from the needs of people, whose main purpose is to provide much more service for humans in order to better serve human beings. In other words, machine translation is a product created by human beings giving full play to their subjective initiative. It can be easily seen that in every stage of machine translation operation, almost all require human intervention. First of all, the emergence of translation software as a carrier of machine translation is created by human beings and depends on human research and development. Secondly, the emergence and perfection of corpus technology completely depend on the role of human beings. The quality, field and accuracy of machine translation all depend on the corpus behind it. The higher the quality, the wider the content and the larger the scale of the corpus, the more accurate the translated text will be. Corpus is built, collected, supplemented and maintained by people. Finally, machine translation is inseparable from post-translation editing. No matter how advanced the development of machine translation is, if you want to get a qualified translation, manual post-editing must be essential. It exists for human being, Then how can it replace human translation?
 ===Translation in different fields===