Machine Trans EN 7 - Revision history

Yan Lili: /* References */

2022-01-02T09:25:12Z

References

Yan Jing at 11:45, 13 December 2021

2021-12-13T11:45:42Z

Yan Lili: /* 5.4.2 The choice of corpus for translation practice */

2021-12-12T03:36:24Z

5.4.2 The choice of corpus for translation practice

Yan Lili: /* 5.4.2 The construction of memory bank and term bank */

2021-12-12T03:36:00Z

5.4.2 The construction of memory bank and term bank

Yan Lili: /* 5.4.1 Application of CAT tools */

2021-12-12T03:35:37Z

5.4.1 Application of CAT tools

Yan Lili: /* 5.1 Quality requirements for translation talents */

2021-12-12T03:31:46Z

5.1 Quality requirements for translation talents

Yan Lili: /* References */

2021-12-12T03:30:33Z

References

Yan Lili: /* 4.1.2The complex language conditions of countries along the "Belt and Road" */

2021-12-12T03:21:04Z

4.1.2The complex language conditions of countries along the "Belt and Road"

Yan Lili: /* 3.Challenges in the training of translation talents in universities */

2021-12-12T03:20:23Z

3.Challenges in the training of translation talents in universities

Yan Lili: /* 4.1.1The most common language in countries along the "Belt and Road" */

2021-12-12T03:15:44Z

4.1.1The most common language in countries along the "Belt and Road"

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 ===References===
-Yu Jinhong 于金红.(2018). 一带一路”背景下翻译技术在翻译人才培养过程中的影响及策略研究[Research on the influence and strategies of translation technology in the training of translation talents under the Background of the Belt and Road Initiative]. 大学英语教学与研究 College English Teaching & Research 2018(03) 08-09.
+Chen Wenxin 陈稳新.(2021). 关于人工智能产业对应用型翻译人才培养影响探讨[Discussion on the influence of artificial intelligence industry on the training of applied translation talents]. 才智 Ability And Wisdom 2021(08) 02-04.
-Zhang Xingling, Zhang Honghong 张杏玲 张红红.(2019)“一带一路”背景下机器翻译与人工翻译的未来[The future of machine translation and human translation in the context of the belt and Road Initiative]. 汉字文化Sinogram Culture 2019(12) 147-148.
+Fu Jingmin, Xie Sha 傅敬民,谢莎.(2015). 翻译技术的发展与翻译教学[Development of translation technology and translation teac[1]hing]. 外语电化教学 TEFLE 2015(11) 39-40.
 Li Xin, Feng Yong 李欣,冯勇.(2021). 人工智能背景下高校英语翻译活动课的实践探究[Practical study of English translation activity course in colleges and universities under the background of artificial intelligence]. 北京印刷学院学报 Journal of Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication 2021(09) 158.
@@ Line 142: / Line 142: @@
 Li Qihui, Yue Feng李启辉,岳峰 语言服务教改助力一带一路建设[Language service education reform contributes to the Belt and Road Initiative]. 中国社会科学报 Chinese Journal of Social Science 2020(04) 01-02.
-Zhu Yifan, Guan Chao朱一凡,管新潮.(2019). 人工智能时代的翻译人才培养：挑战与机遇[Translation talent Training in the era of artificial Intelligence: Challenges and Opportunities]. 上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版）JOURNAL OF SJTU(Philosophy and Social Science) 2019(08) 38-42.
+Song Shizhen宋仕振.(2019). 试论机器翻译与人工翻译的未来关系[Discussionon the future relationship between machine translation and human translation]. 未来与发展 Future and Development 2019(02) 26-29.
-Chen Wenxin 陈稳新.(2021). 关于人工智能产业对应用型翻译人才培养影响探讨[Discussion on the influence of artificial intelligence industry on the training of applied translation talents]. 才智 Ability And Wisdom 2021(08) 02-04.
+Xu Jun, Mu Lei 许均,穆雷. (2021). 翻译学概论 [Introduction to Translatology].Beijing: Yilin Publishing House 译林出版社.
-Xu Jun, Mu Lei 许均,穆雷. (2021). 翻译学概论 [Introduction to Translatology].Beijing: Yilin Publishing House 译林出版社.
+Yu Jinhong 于金红.(2018). 一带一路”背景下翻译技术在翻译人才培养过程中的影响及策略研究[Research on the influence and strategies of translation technology in the training of translation talents under the Background of the Belt and Road Initiative]. 大学英语教学与研究 College English Teaching & Research 2018(03) 08-09.
-Song Shizhen宋仕振.(2019). 试论机器翻译与人工翻译的未来关系[Discussionon the future relationship between machine translation and human translation]. 未来与发展 Future and Development 2019(02) 26-29.
+Zhang Xingling, Zhang Honghong 张杏玲 张红红.(2019)“一带一路”背景下机器翻译与人工翻译的未来[The future of machine translation and human translation in the context of the belt and Road Initiative]. 汉字文化Sinogram Culture 2019(12) 147-148.
-Fu Jingmin, Xie Sha 傅敬民,谢莎.(2015). 翻译技术的发展与翻译教学[Development of translation technology and translation teac[1]hing]. 外语电化教学 TEFLE 2015(11) 39-40.
+Zhu Yifan, Guan Chao朱一凡,管新潮.(2019). 人工智能时代的翻译人才培养：挑战与机遇[Translation talent Training in the era of artificial Intelligence: Challenges and Opportunities]. 上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版）JOURNAL OF SJTU(Philosophy and Social Science) 2019(08) 38-42.
 Zhang Shengxiang, Zhang Chunli 张生祥 张春丽.(2017) 翻译人才素养的社会需求分析与培养模式探索[Analysis of social needs and exploration of training model of translation talent literacy]. 上海翻译 Shanghai Journal of Translators 2017(12) 54-58.

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 In the era of artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence has been applied to various fields. In the field of translation, traditional translation models can no longer meet the rapid development and updating of the information age. The development of machine translation has brought structural changes to the language service industry, which poses challenges to the cultivation of translation talents. Under the background of "The Belt and Road initiative", translation talents have higher and higher requirements on translation literacy. Artificial intelligence and translation technology are used to reform the training mode of translation talents, so as to better serve the development of The Times. This paper mainly explores the cultivation of artificial intelligence and translation talents under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative. The cultivation of translation talents is moving towards comprehensive cultivation of talents. On the contrary, artificial intelligence and machine translation can also be used to improve the teaching mode and teaching content, so as to win together in cooperation.
 ===Key words===
-Artificial intelligence,Machine translation,cultivation of translation talents,"The Belt and Road initiative"
+Artificial Intelligence; Machine Translation; Cultivation of Translation Talents; "The Belt and Road Initiative"
 ===摘要===
@@ Line 134: / Line 134: @@
 ===References===
-[1]Yu Jinhong 于金红.(2018). 一带一路”背景下翻译技术在翻译人才培养过程中的影响及策略研究[Research on the influence and strategies of translation technology in the training of translation talents under the Background of the Belt and Road Initiative]. 大学英语教学与研究 College English Teaching & Research 2018(03) 08-09.
+Yu Jinhong 于金红.(2018). 一带一路”背景下翻译技术在翻译人才培养过程中的影响及策略研究[Research on the influence and strategies of translation technology in the training of translation talents under the Background of the Belt and Road Initiative]. 大学英语教学与研究 College English Teaching & Research 2018(03) 08-09.
-[2]Zhang Xingling, Zhang Honghong 张杏玲 张红红.(2019)“一带一路”背景下机器翻译与人工翻译的未来[The future of machine translation and human translation in the context of the belt and Road Initiative]. 汉字文化Sinogram Culture 2019(12) 147-148.
+Zhang Xingling, Zhang Honghong 张杏玲 张红红.(2019)“一带一路”背景下机器翻译与人工翻译的未来[The future of machine translation and human translation in the context of the belt and Road Initiative]. 汉字文化Sinogram Culture 2019(12) 147-148.
-[3]Li Xin, Feng Yong 李欣,冯勇.(2021). 人工智能背景下高校英语翻译活动课的实践探究[Practical study of English translation activity course in colleges and universities under the background of artificial intelligence]. 北京印刷学院学报 Journal of Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication 2021(09) 158.
+Li Xin, Feng Yong 李欣,冯勇.(2021). 人工智能背景下高校英语翻译活动课的实践探究[Practical study of English translation activity course in colleges and universities under the background of artificial intelligence]. 北京印刷学院学报 Journal of Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication 2021(09) 158.
-[4]Li Qihui, Yue Feng李启辉,岳峰 语言服务教改助力一带一路建设[Language service education reform contributes to the Belt and Road Initiative]. 中国社会科学报 Chinese Journal of Social Science 2020(04) 01-02.
+Li Qihui, Yue Feng李启辉,岳峰 语言服务教改助力一带一路建设[Language service education reform contributes to the Belt and Road Initiative]. 中国社会科学报 Chinese Journal of Social Science 2020(04) 01-02.
-[5]Zhu Yifan, Guan Chao朱一凡,管新潮.(2019). 人工智能时代的翻译人才培养：挑战与机遇[Translation talent Training in the era of artificial Intelligence: Challenges and Opportunities]. 上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版）JOURNAL OF SJTU(Philosophy and Social Science) 2019(08) 38-42.
+Zhu Yifan, Guan Chao朱一凡,管新潮.(2019). 人工智能时代的翻译人才培养：挑战与机遇[Translation talent Training in the era of artificial Intelligence: Challenges and Opportunities]. 上海交通大学学报（哲学社会科学版）JOURNAL OF SJTU(Philosophy and Social Science) 2019(08) 38-42.
 Lv Lisong, Mu Lei吕立松,穆雷.(2007). 计算机辅助翻译技术与翻译教学[Computer aided translation technology and translation teaching]. 外语界 Foreign Language World 2007(06) 35-37.
-[6]Chen Wenxin 陈稳新.(2021). 关于人工智能产业对应用型翻译人才培养影响探讨[Discussion on the influence of artificial intelligence industry on the training of applied translation talents]. 才智 Ability And Wisdom 2021(08) 02-04.
+Chen Wenxin 陈稳新.(2021). 关于人工智能产业对应用型翻译人才培养影响探讨[Discussion on the influence of artificial intelligence industry on the training of applied translation talents]. 才智 Ability And Wisdom 2021(08) 02-04.
-[7]Xu Jun, Mu Lei 许均,穆雷. (2021). 翻译学概论 [Introduction to Translatology].Beijing: Yilin Publishing House 译林出版社.
+Xu Jun, Mu Lei 许均,穆雷. (2021). 翻译学概论 [Introduction to Translatology].Beijing: Yilin Publishing House 译林出版社.
-[8]Song Shizhen宋仕振.(2019). 试论机器翻译与人工翻译的未来关系[Discussionon the future relationship between machine translation and human translation]. 未来与发展 Future and Development 2019(02) 26-29.
+Song Shizhen宋仕振.(2019). 试论机器翻译与人工翻译的未来关系[Discussionon the future relationship between machine translation and human translation]. 未来与发展 Future and Development 2019(02) 26-29.
-[9]Fu Jingmin, Xie Sha 傅敬民,谢莎.(2015). 翻译技术的发展与翻译教学[Development of translation technology and translation teac[1]hing]. 外语电化教学 TEFLE 2015(11) 39-40.
+Fu Jingmin, Xie Sha 傅敬民,谢莎.(2015). 翻译技术的发展与翻译教学[Development of translation technology and translation teac[1]hing]. 外语电化教学 TEFLE 2015(11) 39-40.
-[10]Zhang Shengxiang, Zhang Chunli 张生祥 张春丽.(2017) 翻译人才素养的社会需求分析与培养模式探索[Analysis of social needs and exploration of training model of translation talent literacy]. 上海翻译 Shanghai Journal of Translators 2017(12) 54-58.
+Zhang Shengxiang, Zhang Chunli 张生祥 张春丽.(2017) 翻译人才素养的社会需求分析与培养模式探索[Analysis of social needs and exploration of training model of translation talent literacy]. 上海翻译 Shanghai Journal of Translators 2017(12) 54-58.

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 =====5.4.2 The choice of corpus for translation practice=====
-Needless to say, the scope of use of COMPUTER-assisted translation is relatively limited. The principle of cad determines that its efficiency depends on the repetition rate of the original text. To give full play to the role of computer-aided translation, the original text should have several characteristics: the consistency of terms and phrases; Concise wording, less ambiguity; It is long and part of it is frequently updated. Obviously, COMPUTER-aided translation is of great help to technical texts with long usage cycle and frequently updated contents, but it is not practical for literary texts with more rhetoric. In the teaching link, if the teacher requires the students to translate the corpus in the memory bank with more than 90% highly matched text, then the training of the students in the practical operation link is mainly technical; On the contrary, if the text is of low matching degree, students are more inclined to have certain translation ability. Therefore, when selecting the corpus for translation practice, it is necessary not only to avoid too many texts with high matching degree, but also to avoid selecting texts with few relevant contents even in the glossary.
+Needless to say, the scope of use of COMPUTER-assisted translation is relatively limited. The principle of cad determines that its efficiency depends on the repetition rate of the original text. To give full play to the role of computer-aided translation, the original text should have several characteristics: the consistency of terms and phrases; Concise wording, less ambiguity; It is long and part of it is frequently updated. Obviously, COMPUTER-aided translation is of great help to technical texts with long usage cycle and frequently updated contents, but it is not practical for literary texts with more rhetoric. In the teaching link, if the teacher requires the students to translate the corpus in the memory bank with more than 90% highly matched text, then the training of the students in the practical operation link is mainly technical; On the contrary, if the text is of low matching degree, students are more inclined to have certain translation ability. Therefore, when selecting the corpus for translation practice, it is necessary not only to avoid too many texts with high matching degree, but also to avoid selecting texts with few relevant contents even in the glossary.(Fu,Xie 2015:40)#
 ===6 Cooperation between machine translation and translation talents in the Belt and Road===

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 The core of CAT software is Translation Memory (TM). CAT tool can be used to complete translation efficiently, which is in essence to use translation memory technology to complete the memory work in the process of translation, such as term matching, translation name unification, highly similar sentence reproduction and so on by computer. The difference between a term bank and a memory bank is that the former stores terms or words or phrases that translators think are useful, while the latter stores sentences, paragraphs and chapters. The integration of the two can save translators time spent in repeated translation and improve the accuracy of pre-translation. Therefore, in the teaching process, the construction of memory bank and terminology bank plays a crucial role in the formation of the final translation and the completion of the translation project.
-In addition, compared with the initial users, translators can better experience the convenience brought by CAT tool after using CAT tool for a period of time. That is to say, using CAT tool in the first few years of teaching needs to spend a lot of energy to build memory and terminology database.
+In addition, compared with the initial users, translators can better experience the convenience brought by CAT tool after using CAT tool for a period of time. That is to say, using CAT tool in the first few years of teaching needs to spend a lot of energy to build memory and terminology database.(Fu,Xie 2015:40)#
 =====5.4.2 The choice of corpus for translation practice=====

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 =====5.4.1 Application of CAT tools=====
-The purpose of the computer-aided course is to learn how to use computer-aided translation, so it is obviously the most important and basic to choose the right tools for teaching computer-aided translation. In addition, for the CAT tools involved in the training of translation techniques, neither one simple and easy to use for teaching, nor too many tools can be applied to teaching, there are so many CAT software, teaching can not be comprehensive. Therefore, in the teaching of translation technology, it is the key problem that translation teachers need to face and solve to train students to understand the basic concept of CAT tool, develop the ability to independently learn new technologies and deal with various technical problems.
+The purpose of the computer-aided course is to learn how to use computer-aided translation, so it is obviously the most important and basic to choose the right tools for teaching computer-aided translation. In addition, for the CAT tools involved in the training of translation techniques, neither one simple and easy to use for teaching, nor too many tools can be applied to teaching, there are so many CAT software, teaching can not be comprehensive. Therefore, in the teaching of translation technology, it is the key problem that translation teachers need to face and solve to train students to understand the basic concept of CAT tool, develop the ability to independently learn new technologies and deal with various technical problems.(Fu,Xie 2015:39)#
 =====5.4.2 The construction of memory bank and term bank=====

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 ====5.1 Quality requirements for translation talents ====
-Zhong Weihe and Murray made a more detailed and profound discussion on translator's literacy, believing that "translators should not only be proficient in two languages, but also have extensive cultural and encyclopedic knowledge and relevant professional knowledge; Master a variety of translation skills, a lot of translation practice; Have a clear translator role awareness, good professional ethics, practical and enterprising style of work, conscious team spirit and calm psychological quality ". According to the collected data, the author will elaborate the requirements for translation talents from four aspects: language literacy, humanistic literacy, translation ability and innovation ability.
+Zhong Weihe and Murray made a more detailed and profound discussion on translator's literacy, believing that "translators should not only be proficient in two languages, but also have extensive cultural and encyclopedic knowledge and relevant professional knowledge; Master a variety of translation skills, a lot of translation practice; Have a clear translator role awareness, good professional ethics, practical and enterprising style of work, conscious team spirit and calm psychological quality ". According to the collected data, the author will elaborate the requirements for translation talents from four aspects: language literacy, humanistic literacy, translation ability and innovation ability.(Zhang,Zhang 2017:54)#
-The first is language literacy, which is the most basic and important requirement. MAO Dun pointed out that "mastery of mother tongue and target language are the foundation of translation". A solid foundation of bilingual skills is the basic skills of translators. Poor language proficiency seems to be a common problem among students majoring in translation and interpreting. Many translation diseases are caused by poor Chinese foundation. As part of going global, the belt and Road initiative is to tell Chinese culture and Chinese stories, which requires translators to be able to use both languages flexibly. Therefore, the first problem that colleges and universities face to solve is to improve the language level of foreign language learners.
+The first is language literacy, which is the most basic and important requirement. MAO Dun pointed out that "mastery of mother tongue and target language are the foundation of translation". A solid foundation of bilingual skills is the basic skills of translators. Poor language proficiency seems to be a common problem among students majoring in translation and interpreting. Many translation diseases are caused by poor Chinese foundation. As part of going global, the belt and Road initiative is to tell Chinese culture and Chinese stories, which requires translators to be able to use both languages flexibly. Therefore, the first problem that colleges and universities face to solve is to improve the language level of foreign language learners.(Zhang,Zhang 2017:57)#
-The second is humanistic literacy. Humanistic literacy is mainly manifested by a good command of politics, economy, history, literature and other knowledge, which is particularly important for interpreters. In addition, cross-cultural communication cannot be ignored. In the process of communicating with foreigners or translating, translators often encounter the first cross-cultural contradiction. Cross-culture refers to having a full and correct understanding of cultural phenomena, customs and habits that differ or conflict with the national culture, and accepting and adapting to them in an inclusive manner on this basis. So the interpreter can first fully understand and master the national conditions and culture of the target country, which is particularly important in the "Belt and Road". There are more than 60 countries along the "Belt and Road", and it takes a lot of energy to master their national conditions and culture.
+The second is humanistic literacy. Humanistic literacy is mainly manifested by a good command of politics, economy, history, literature and other knowledge, which is particularly important for interpreters. In addition, cross-cultural communication cannot be ignored. In the process of communicating with foreigners or translating, translators often encounter the first cross-cultural contradiction. Cross-culture refers to having a full and correct understanding of cultural phenomena, customs and habits that differ or conflict with the national culture, and accepting and adapting to them in an inclusive manner on this basis. So the interpreter can first fully understand and master the national conditions and culture of the target country, which is particularly important in the "Belt and Road". There are more than 60 countries along the "Belt and Road", and it takes a lot of energy to master their national conditions and culture.(Zhang,Zhang 2017:58)#
 The third is translation ability. We should distinguish between translation ability and language ability. Translation ability is actually a system of knowledge and skills necessary for translation, the core of which is conversion ability. First of all, it reflects the ability to use tools to assist translation, such as computer application, translation technology and so on. In addition, interpreters should have enough healthy psychological quality and good professional quality. In terms of translation ability, the current training model of translation talents is inadequate.

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:30, 12 December 2021
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	[9]Fu Jingmin, Xie Sha 傅敬民,谢莎.(2015). 翻译技术的发展与翻译教学[Development of translation technology and translation teac[1]hing]. 外语电化教学 TEFLE 2015(11) 39-40.		[9]Fu Jingmin, Xie Sha 傅敬民,谢莎.(2015). 翻译技术的发展与翻译教学[Development of translation technology and translation teac[1]hing]. 外语电化教学 TEFLE 2015(11) 39-40.
		+
		+	[10]Zhang Shengxiang, Zhang Chunli 张生祥张春丽.(2017) 翻译人才素养的社会需求分析与培养模式探索[Analysis of social needs and exploration of training model of translation talent literacy]. 上海翻译 Shanghai Journal of Translators 2017(12) 54-58.

@@ Line 56: / Line 56: @@
 The languages spoken in countries along the Belt and Road involve nine major language families and almost all the world's religious types. Differences in religious beliefs also result in differences in culture, customs and social values behind languages. The languages of some countries along the belt and Road have also been influenced by historical and realistic factors, such as colonization, internal division and immigration.
-India, for example, has no national language, but more than 20 official languages. India is a multi-ethnic country, a total of more than 100 people, one of the most obvious difference between nation and nation is the language problem. Therefore, according to the difference of language, India divides different ethnic groups into different states, big and small. Ethnic groups that use the same language are divided into one state. If there are two languages in a state, the state is divided into two parts. And Indian languages differ not only in word order but also in the way they are written. In India, for example, Hindi is spoken by the largest number of people in the north, with about 700 million speakers and 530 million as their first language. It is written in The Hindu language and belongs to the Indo-European language family. Telugu in the east is spoken by about 95 million people and 81.13 million as their first language. It is written in Telugu, which belongs to the Dravidian language family and is quite different from Hindi. As a result, a parliamentary session in India requires dozens of interpreters.
+India, for example, has no national language, but more than 20 official languages. India is a multi-ethnic country, a total of more than 100 people, one of the most obvious difference between nation and nation is the language problem. Therefore, according to the difference of language, India divides different ethnic groups into different states, big and small. Ethnic groups that use the same language are divided into one state. If there are two languages in a state, the state is divided into two parts. And Indian languages differ not only in word order but also in the way they are written. In India, for example, Hindi is spoken by the largest number of people in the north, with about 700 million speakers and 530 million as their first language. It is written in The Hindu language and belongs to the Indo-European language family. Telugu in the east is spoken by about 95 million people and 81.13 million as their first language. It is written in Telugu, which belongs to the Dravidian language family and is quite different from Hindi. As a result, a parliamentary session in India requires dozens of interpreters.(Zhang,Zhang 2019:147)#
-These factors cannot be ignored in the process of translation, from language communication to cultural understanding, from text to thought exchange, through the bridge of language to truly connect the people, so as to avoid misreading and misunderstanding caused by differences in language and national conditions.(Zhang,Zhang 2019:147)#
+These factors cannot be ignored in the process of translation, from language communication to cultural understanding, from text to thought exchange, through the bridge of language to truly connect the people, so as to avoid misreading and misunderstanding caused by differences in language and national conditions.
 ====4.2 Opportunities and challenges of the "Belt and Road" ====

@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 From their names, it can be seen that high-end translators and interpreters and senior translators and researchers talents have high requirements on the knowledge and quality of interpreters, because they have to face the changing international situation, and have to deal with all kinds of sensitive relations and political related content, they should have flexible cross-cultural communication skills. In addition, for literature, sociology and humanities academic works, it is not only necessary to translate their content, but also to understand their essence. Therefore, translators should not only have humanistic feelings, but also need to have a deep understanding of Chinese and western culture.
-However, there is not much demand for this kind of translation in the society. Such high-level translation requirements are not needed in daily life and work. The greatest demand is for compound translators, which means that they should master knowledge in a specific field while mastering a foreign language. For example, compound translators in the financial field should not only be good at foreign languages, but also master financial knowledge, including professional terms, special expressions and sentence patterns.
+However, there is not much demand for this kind of translation in the society. Such high-level translation requirements are not needed in daily life and work. The greatest demand is for compound translators, which means that they should master knowledge in a specific field while mastering a foreign language. For example, compound translators in the financial field should not only be good at foreign languages, but also master financial knowledge, including professional terms, special expressions and sentence patterns.(Zhu,Guan 2019:40, 41)#
 Now we say that machine translation can replace human translation should refer to the field of compound translation talents. Although AI technology has enabled machine translation to participate in creation, it does not mean that compound translation talents will be replaced by machines. The complexity of language and the flexible cross-cultural awareness required in communication make it impossible for machine translation to completely replace human translation.
@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 The last type of applied translation talents are mostly involved in the general text without too much technical content and few professional terms, so it is easy to be replaced by machine translation.
-Therefore, the author thinks that what universities are facing at present is not only how to train translation talents to cope with the development of machine translation, but to consider the application of machine translation in the process of training translation talents to achieve human-machine integration, so as to better complete the translation work.
+Therefore, the author thinks that what universities are facing at present is not only how to train translation talents to cope with the development of machine translation, but to consider the application of machine translation in the process of training translation talents to achieve human-machine integration, so as to better complete the translation work.(Zhu,Guan 2019:40, 41)#
 ===4.The Language environment and opportunities and challenges of the Belt and Road initiative===

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 =====4.1.1The most common language in countries along the "Belt and Road" =====
-There are a wide variety of languages spoken in 65 countries along the Belt and Road, involving nine language families. However, The status of English as the first language in the world is undeniable. Most of the countries participating in the Belt and Road are developing countries, and many of them speak English as their first foreign language. Especially in southeast Asian and South Asian countries, English plays an important role in foreign communication, whether as the official language or the first foreign language. Besides English, more than 100 million people speak Russian, Hindi, Bengali, Arabic and other major languages in the "Belt and Road" countries. It can also be seen that a common feature of languages in countries along the "Belt and Road" is the popularization of English education. English is widely used in international politics, economy, culture, education, science and technology, playing the role of the most important language in the world.(Zhang,Zhang 2019:147)
+There are a wide variety of languages spoken in 65 countries along the Belt and Road, involving nine language families. However, The status of English as the first language in the world is undeniable. Most of the countries participating in the Belt and Road are developing countries, and many of them speak English as their first foreign language. Especially in southeast Asian and South Asian countries, English plays an important role in foreign communication, whether as the official language or the first foreign language. Besides English, more than 100 million people speak Russian, Hindi, Bengali, Arabic and other major languages in the "Belt and Road" countries. It can also be seen that a common feature of languages in countries along the "Belt and Road" is the popularization of English education. English is widely used in international politics, economy, culture, education, science and technology, playing the role of the most important language in the world.(Zhang,Zhang 2019:147)#
 =====4.1.2The complex language conditions of countries along the "Belt and Road" =====