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Final Exam Paper. Please write now and improve until grading on 2020 12 15

You can use the texts in the coursebook as an example (like Unit 1, Text A). Please write the text and indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. Please also add a vocabulary list and questions.

Gu Dongfang 顾东方

Chinese Characters

He Changqi 何长琦

the 24 solar terms

Lou Cancan 娄灿灿

The Four Grottoes of China

Luo Yuqing 罗雨晴

The Four Great Towers of China

Mo Ling 莫玲

Chinese Marriage Customs

Ouyang Ling 欧阳玲

Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac

A.Origin

B.Development

C.Influence

Yang Hui 阳慧

Traditional Costumes

Yang Ziling 杨子泠

Stinky Tofu

Zhang Weihong 张维虹

Rural Tourism "Nong Jia Le"

Zhang Yu 张瑜

The Four Great Inventions

The Four Great Inventions of ancient China include paper, compass, gunpowder and movable type printing system.

A. Paper The invention of papermaking technology is one of the most outstanding contributions made by the Chinese people to the world civilization. It is not only a revolution in writing materials, but also a perquisite for the subsequent invention of typography. (Fan 2015, 161)

B. Compass

Diagram of a Ming dynasty mariner's compass, Public Domain license by Wikimedia. Click [1] for original source.

C. Gunpowder

D. Movable type printing

The origin, development, spread and influence of the four great inventions in the world

The New Four Great Inventions

References

• Fan, Jialu, Han, Qi, Wang, Zhaochun, Dai, Nianzu. "The four great inventions." A History of Chinese Science and Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2015. 161-299
• Andrade, Tonio, ed. (2016). The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
• Boruchoff, David A. (2012), "The Three Greatest Inventions of Modern Times: An Idea and Its Public", in Hock, Klaus, Gesa; Mackenthun (eds.), Entangled Knowledge: Scientific Discourses and Cultural Difference, Münster: Waxmann, pp. 133–163, ISBN 978-3-8309-2729-7
• Buchanan, Brenda J., ed. (2006). Gunpowder, Explosives and the State: A Technological History. Aldershot: Ashgate. ISBN 0-7546-5259-9.
• Deng Yinke (2005). Ancient Chinese Inventions. Translated by Wang Pingxing. Beijing: China Intercontinental Press. ISBN 7-5085-0837-8.
• Li Shu-hua (1954). "Origine de la Boussole 11. Aimant et Boussole". Isis. Vol. 45 no. 2: July. Oxford. pp. 175–196.
• Needham, Joseph (1962). Physics and Physical Technology, Part 1, Physics. Science and Civilisation in China. Volume 4. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
• Needham, Joseph, ed. (1985). Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 1, Tsien Hsuen-Hsuin, Paper and Printing. Science and Civilisation in China. Volume 5. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Needham, Joseph, ed. (1994). Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 7, Robin D.S. Yates, Krzysztof Gawlikowski, Edward McEwen, Wang Ling (collaborators) Military Technology; the Gunpowder Epic. Science and Civilisation in China. Volume 5. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• "World Archaeological Congress eNewsletter 11 August 2006" (PDF). [2]

Vocabulary List

• The Four Great Inventions 四大发明

Questions

• When was paper invented? (8 BCE)

Zou Xinyu 邹鑫雨

Cheongsam

Zubareva, Ekaterina

Chinese traditional make up