20201102 cult

Alsied, Saffana

1.China has a long history and a rich cultural heritage. Here history has left behind many old and outstanding architectural relics, which are the result of several thousand years of development and form a system unique among the architectural styles of the world.

中国历史悠久，文化底蕴深厚。 在这里，历史遗留下了许多古老而杰出的建筑遗迹，这些遗迹是几千年发展的结果，形成了世界建筑风格中独一无二的体系。

2.Garden building is considered a chief component of traditional Chinese culture. The Chinese garden has a long history.

园林建筑被认为是中国传统文化的主要组成部分。 中国园林历史悠久。

3.Summer Palace to be rebuilt and enlarged with funds originally designated for the Chinese navy. She renamed it Yiheyuan.

颐和园将由最初为中国海军指定的资金重建和扩建。 她将其改名为Yiheyuan。

颐和园重建和扩建的资金原本是指定运用于中国海军的。慈禧太后将其改名为颐和园。--Zhu Xu (talk) 07:54, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

Cao Runxin 曹润鑫

1.中国建筑艺术是中国人的伦理观、审美观、价值观和自然观的深刻体现。

Chinese architectural art is a profound manifestation of Chinese ethics, aesthetics, values and natural views. Chinese architectural art profoundly manifests Chinese people's ethics, aesthetics, values and natural views.--Si Yu (talk) 14:56, 7 November 2020 (UTC) Chinese architectural art greatly embodies Chinese people's ethics, aesthetics, values and natural views.--Li LIli (talk) 04:32, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

2.园林中的“景”不是纯天然的模仿，而是赋予诗情画意，即将自然山水景物经过艺术提炼加工再现于园林之中。

The "scenery" in the garden is not a purely natural imitation, but is endowed with a poetic meaning, that is, the natural landscape is reproduced in the garden through artistic refinement. The "scenery" in the garden is not a imitation of pure nature, but is endowed with a poetic meaning, that is, the natural landscape is reproduced in the garden through artistic refinement.--Si Yu (talk) 14:56, 7 November 2020 (UTC) The "scenery" in the garden didn't merely imitate the nature, but is endowed with a poetic meaning, that is, the natural landscape is reproduced in the garden through artistic refinement.--Li LIli (talk) 04:32, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

3.颐和园的整个园林艺术构思巧妙，在中外园林艺术史上地位显著，是举世罕见的园林景观。

The garden art of the Summer Palace is ingeniously conceived and has a predominant position in the history of garden art at home and abroad. It is a rare garden landscape in the world.--Cao Runxin (talk) 08:11, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

The whole garden art of the summer palace is ingenious and Being a rare landscape in the world, it has a prominent position in the history of garden art at home and abroad.--Li LIli (talk) 04:32, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

Chen Han 陈涵

1. 中国建筑很早就采用在木材上涂漆和桐油的办法，以保护木质和加固用榫卯结合的关接，同时增加美观，达到实用、坚固与美观相结合。

To protect wood and reinforce mortice and tenon joint, paint and tung oil were used quite early in Chinese architecture, which shows its practicality, sturdiness and attractiveness.--Chen Han (talk) 14:22, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 拙政园、留园、网师园、环秀山庄这四座园林占地面积不广，但巧妙地运用了种种造园艺术技巧和手法，将亭台楼阁、泉石花木组合在一起，模拟自然风光，创造了“城市山林”、“居闹市而近自然”的理想空间。

The Humble Administrator’s Garden, The Garden for Lingering In, The Master-of-Nets Garden and The Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty do not cover a large area, but artistic techniques and methods of gardening are used to simulate natural scenery by integrating pavilions with spring, stones, flowers and trees, creating an ideal space of “forest in city” and “being close to nature in the busy city”.--Chen Han (talk) 14:22, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 园内的主体建筑为大报恩延寿寺，并有一条长达700多米的长廊，其建筑与装饰绘画都相当精彩，具有艺术价值。

The main building in the garden is the Tempe of Gratitude for Longevity, and there is the Long Corridor more than 700 meters. The architecture and decorative paintings in it are quite elegant with much artistic value.--Chen Han (talk) 14:22, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The main building in the garden is the Tempe of Gratitude for Longevity, and there is a Long Corridor more than 700 meters. The architecture and decorative paintings in it are quite elegant with much artistic value.--Lou Cancan (talk) 11:47, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 慈禧并不了解油画，绘制宫廷画像又有无数陈规，这给卡尔造成了许多困扰，她既不能选择背景，也不能自由安排构图。

Cixi did not know oil painting and the royal portrait was subject to numerous stereotypes，thus posing Carl a lot of difficulties. She could neither choose the background nor arrange the composition freely. --Chen Han (talk) 14:22, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The fact that Cixi didn't know much about oil painting and there were countless stereotypes for royal portraits resulted in difficulties for Carl. She culd neither choose the background nor arrange the composition. --Li Liqin (talk) 01:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Chen Jingjing 陈静静

1.汉宫殿突出雄伟、威严的气势，后苑和附属建筑却又表现出雅致、玲珑的柔和之美，这与秦相比显然又有了很大的艺术进步。

The Palace in the Han Dynasty stood out with its majesty while the backyards and annexes are more elegant and exquisite, which have made outstanding artistic progress compared with Qin Dynasty.

2.我国园林，有着悠久的历史，它那“虽由人作，宛自天开”的艺术原则，那融传统建筑、文学、书画、雕刻和工艺等艺术于一炉的综合特性，在世界园林史上独树一帜。

The garden in China enjoys a long history, whose artistic principle of "with natural beauty though made by man" and feature of "combination of traditional arts, literature, calligraphy and painting, sculpture and craft" make it unique among the world gardens.

3.当游人步入颐和园仁寿门，一眼便可以看到这块“寿星石”，巨石仿佛一位饱经风霜的老人，迎接着清晨的日出与瑰丽的晚霞。

When travellers walked into the Renshou gate, what salutes their eyes directly is this "Longevity stone", which seems like a weather-beaten old man, waiting for the early morning sunrise and glorious sunset.

4.她曾以揣度一位七旬老人的心态去接近慈禧，却在年龄之外，感受到一种旺盛的、孜孜不倦的好胜之心……

She once approached Cixi out of the purpose of trying to figure out what a-seventy-year-old woman is like but came to find a kind of vigorous and tireless eagerness to win inside her.--Chen Jingjing (talk) 12:16, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Chen Jingjing

Dashkin, Gennadii

1.Traditional Chinese buildings have tile roofs with swooping eaves.

中国传统建筑的屋檐瓦屋顶呈弧形。--Gennadii Dashkin (talk) 13:17, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.Chinese garden is a good example of Chinese ancient architecture, including temples, pagodas, and pavilions besides.

中国园林是中国古代建筑的典范，除了寺庙，宝塔和凉亭。--Gennadii Dashkin (talk) 13:17, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.The Summer Palaces are large and well-preserved park in the north of Beijing.

颐和园是北京北部一个保存完好的大型公园。--Gennadii Dashkin (talk) 13:17, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Chen Yongxiang 陈永相

1.中国的古代建筑拥有悠久的历史，取得过巨大的成就，它创造出长城等许多建筑奇迹。在它的发展过程中将出色的建筑技巧和艺术设计结合在一起，从而使独特的中国建筑成为最杰出三大建筑体系之一。

Ancient Chinese architecture enjoys a long history and great achievements,and created many architectural miracles such as the Great Wall. In the process of its development, superior architectural techniques and artistic design were tombiped to make unique Chinese architecture one of the three greatest orchitectural systems.

2.迄今为止中国园林已有3000多年的悠久历史。中国园林不仅是一种建筑形式，更是中国文化的标志。它集传统建筑、园艺、绘画和雕刻为一体，具有高超的艺术水平和独特风格。

Up till now, Chinese Garden has had a long history of over 3,000 years. It is not only a kind of architecture, but also a symbol of Chinese culture. With superb artistic levels and unique styles, Chinese Garden is a combination of traditional architecture, gardening, painting and carving.

3.颐和园位于北京西郊，在四环和五环之问，紧挨西山，趾北京市中心12公里-颐和园是中国最大的空家园林。其汉语意思为“颐养和谐之园”

The Summer Palace is located on the western edge of Beijing， between the fourth and fifth ring roads，close to the western hills，10km from central Beijing一It is the largest and best-preserved imperial garden in China. Its Chinese name，Yi He Yuan，translates as "Garden for Maintaining Health and Harmony". --Chen Yongxiang (talk) 12:00, 15 November 2020 (UTC)

Ding Daifeng 丁代凤

1. 因为建筑源于人类的需求和愿望，所以它可以清楚地传达文化价值。在所有的视觉艺术中，建筑最直接地影响了我们的生活，因为它在很多方面决定了我们生存的环境特征。

Because architecture grows out of human needs and aspirations, it clearly communicate cultural values. Of all the visual arts, architecture affects our lives most directly for it determines the character of the human environment in major ways.--Ding Daifeng (talk) 05:02, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Because architecture derives from human needs and desires, it clearly conveys cultural values.Of all visual arts, architecture affects our lives most directly because it determines in many ways the environmental characteristics of our existence. --YangHui (talk) 12:29, 7 November 2020 (UTC) 2. 石头和假山是中国南方园林的特色。奇形怪状的石头常带有引人注目的波纹线条和水孔。硕大的石头可自成一景，而较小的石块则堆积成假山，为园林增添无比魅力。

Rocks and rockeries are special features of southern Chinese gardens. Stones of grotesque forms are often attractive with undulated lines and water holes. Some large stones form scenery of their own, while smaller ones are put together to form artificial hills to add to the fantastic attractiveness of the garden.--Ding Daifeng (talk) 05:02, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Stones and rockery space are the main characteristics of gardens in southern China. Odd-shaped stones often have eye-catching ripple lines and water holes. The huge stones can form a scene by themselves, while the smaller stones are piled up to form a rockery, adding incomparable charm to the garden.--Gennadii Dashkin (talk) 13:01, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.中华人民共和国成立后，几经修缮，颐和园陆续复建了四大部洲、苏州街、景明楼、澹宁堂、文昌院、耕织图等重要景区。

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Summer Palace has undergone several major renovations. Its major attractions such as the Four Great Regions, Suzhou Street, the Pavilion of Bright Scenery, the Hall of Serenity, the Wenchang Galleries and the Plowing and Weaving Scenery Area have been successively restored.--Ding Daifeng (talk) 05:02, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Gan Fengyu 甘奉玉

1:修建在崇山峻岭之上、蜿蜒万里的长城，是人类建筑史上的奇迹。 Built on the high mounytains and winding thousands of miles, the Great Wall is a miracle in the history of architecture,--Gan Fengyu (talk) 13:56, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Great Wall, built on the steep mountains and winding for miles and miles, is a miracle in the history of human architecture.--Liu Yi (talk) 00:14, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The Great Wall,built on the lofty mountains and winding thousands of miles, is a miracle in the history of architecture.--Mo Ling (talk) 14:48, 5 November 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling

2：在古典园林中，中国园林有皇家园林、私家园林、寺观园林、风景园林；西方古典园林有规则式园林与自然风致园。 Thg Chinese classical garden is classified into loyal garden, private garden,temple garden and landscape garden, while the western garden into regular style and natural style one.--Gan Fengyu (talk) 13:56, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

In classical gardens, Chinese gardens include royal gardens, private gardens, monastery gardens, and landscape gardens; Western classical gardens include regular gardens and naturalistic gardens.--Liu Yi (talk) 00:14, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3：颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。

Besides the Forbbiden City, the Summer Palace was also the most important political and diplomatic activity center for the supreme ruler of the late Qing dynasty,as well as a significant witness of modern Chinese history and the site of important historical events.--Gan Fengyu (talk) 13:56, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace was the most important center of political and diplomatic activities of the late Qing rulers outside the Forbidden City, and is an important witness to China's modern history and the site of many important historical events.--Liu Yi (talk) 00:14, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace was the most important center of political and diplomatic activities outside the Forbidden City by the supreme ruler of the late Qing Dynasty. It was an important witness of modern Chinese history and the place where many major historical events occurred--WuQiong (talk) 03:03, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Gao Mingzhu 高明珠

1、从庄严雄伟的宫殿坛庙到粉墙黛瓦的江南园林，从多姿多彩的民居村落到雪域高原的辉煌寺庙，这些传统建筑以其悠久的历史传承高超的营建技术和独特的艺术魅力，在世界建筑史上独树一帜、自成体系。

From majestic palaces and temples to gardens of southern China with white wall and black tiles, from colorful villages to glorious monasteries locating at snowy plateau, such traditional Chinese buildings inherit through their long histories superb construction techniques and unique artistic charm, which makes them develop a unique school in world architectural history. --Gao Mingzhu (talk) 14:08, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

From majestic palaces and temples to gardens of southern China with white wall and black tiles, from colorful villages to glorious pagodas on the snowy plateau, these traditional Chinese buildings, with their long history, superb construction techniques and unique artistic charm, have emerged unique and self-contained in world architecture.--Tang Yiran1 (talk) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2、师法自然，融于自然，顺应自然，表现自然——这是中国古代园林体现“天人合一”民族文化所在，是独立于世界之林的最大特色，也是永具艺术生命力的根本原因。

Learning from nature, being harmony with nature, conforming to nature and representing nature are the embodiment of national culture of "Unity of Men and Nature" in Chinese ancient garden which is the greatest characteristic for Chinese ancient garden to be independent of world garden and also the root reason for its eternal artistic vitality.--Gao Mingzhu (talk) 14:08, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

Learning from nature, being in harmony with nature, following the law of nature and illustrating nature—this is where the ancient Chinese garden embodies the national culture of "Unity of Men and Nature", the most distinctive characteristic among other counterparts in the world and also the root for its eternal artistic vitality.--Tang Yiran1 (talk) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3、颐和园是世界上最广阔的皇家园林之一，也是中国最后一座皇家园林，园区主要由万寿山、昆明湖两大风景区组成。

The Summer Palace is one of the largest royal gardens in the world and also the last royal garden in China's history. It is mainly composed of two major scenic spots——Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake.--Gao Mingzhu (talk) 14:08, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

The Summer Palace is one of the largest royal gardens in the world and also the last one in China's history. It is mainly composed of two major scenic spots——Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake.--Tang Yiran1 (talk) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

4、1905年，慈禧为改善其国际形象，授意美国艺术家凯瑟琳·卡尔为她创作肖像，并将此画赠予美国总统西奥多·罗斯福，以表示她对美国人民的友好。

In 1905, Cixi, in order to improve her international image, inspired an American artist Catherine Carl to paint her portrait and then send it to American president Theodore Rovers to show her goodwill to American people.--Gao Mingzhu (talk) 14:08, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

In 1905, Cixi, in order to improve her international image, commissioned the American artist Catherine Carl to paint her portrait and presented it to the U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt to show her goodwill to the American people.--Tang Yiran1 (talk) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Grosheva, Anna

1. Some Chinese buildings feature balconies covered with elaborate iron and woodwork. 一些中国建筑的阳台上覆盖着精致的铁和木制品。--ANNA GROSHEVA (talk) 13:57, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

一些中国建筑的特点是阳台上装饰着精致的铁和木制品。--Lou Cancan (talk) 11:51, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2. In the garden, rocks, ancient trees and flowers present a harmonious picture. 在花园中，岩石，古树和鲜花呈现出和谐的画面。--ANNA GROSHEVA (talk) 13:57, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3. The Summer Palace blends rocks, trees, lakes, pavilions, paths, and bridges creating a poetic imperial garden. 颐和园融合了岩石，树木，湖泊，凉亭，小路和桥梁，形成了诗意的皇家花园。--ANNA GROSHEVA (talk) 13:57, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Gu Dongfang 顾东方

1.中国古建筑在建筑与环境的配合和协调方面有着很高的成就，有许多精辟的理论与成功的经验。古人不仅考虑建筑物内部环境主次之间、相互之间的配合与协调，而且也注意到它们与周围大自然环境的协调。 Chinese ancient architecture has a high degree of achievement in the coordination and harmony between architecture and the environment, and has many insightful theories and successful experiences. The ancients not only considered the coordination and harmony between the internal environment of buildings, but also the harmony between them and the surrounding natural environment.

2. 颐和园集传统造园艺术之大成，万寿山、昆明湖构成其基本框架，借景周围的山水环境，饱含中国皇家园林的恢弘富丽气势，又充满自然之趣，高度体现了“虽由人作，宛自天开”的造园准则。

The Summer Palace is a collection of traditional gardening art, Wanshou Mountain, Kunming Lake constitute its basic framework, based on the surrounding landscape environment, full of the magnificent splendor of China's royal gardens, but also full of natural interest, highly reflects the "though made by man, as if from the sky" of gardening guide lines.

3.简单的说，中国建筑类型中，园林包含了最多的文人智慧、情感。我们也可以从文人参与的诗文和绘画角度——这些关乎造园立意的角度——去观察园林发展的历史

Simply put, among Chinese architectural types, gardens contain the most literary wisdom and emotion. We can also look at the history of the development of gardens from the perspective of poetry and painting, which were involved in the literati's participation in the creation of gardens.

Guan Qinqing 管钦清

1.1949年中华人民共和国建立后，中国建筑进入新的历史时期，大规模、有计划的国民经济建设，推动了建筑业的蓬勃发展。中国现代建筑在数量、规模、类型、地区分布及现代化水平上都突破近代的局限，展现出崭新的姿态。

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,Chinese architecture came into a new era. National economy with planned strategy and a large scale has promoted the development of architecture. Now, whether in quantity, scale, form, regional distribution or in level of modernization ,modern Chinese architecture has broken through those of the limitations in modern times, taking on a new look.

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,Chinese architecture came into a new era. National economy with planned strategy and a large scale has promoted the development of architecture. Now, today's Chinese architecture has broken through those limitations of modern times' architecture in quantity, scale, form, regional distribution as well as the level of modernization , taking on a new look.--Gao Mingzhu (talk) 01:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

2.中国的园林建筑在世界园林史上享有盛名。在3000多年前的周朝，中国就有了最早的宫廷园林。此后，中国的都城和地方著名城市无不建造园林,在世界三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。

Chinese garden architecture enjoys a high reputation in the history of Landscape Architecture of the world. Early over 3,000 years ago in the Zhou Dynasty,there were imperial gardens in China.From then on,gardens existed in the capital cities and in the regional famous ones. Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.

Chinese garden architecture enjoys a high reputation in the history of World Landscape Architecture. Over 3,000 years ago in the Zhou Dynasty,there were the earlest imperial gardens in China.From then on,gardens existed in the capital cities and in the regional famous ones. Of the world’s three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the world’s garden due to its long history and rich connotations.--Gao Mingzhu (talk) 01:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

3.颐和园位于北京市西北部的海淀区，距北京市中心15公里。它是中国最大、保存最完好的皇家园林。颐和园有著名的自然风景和人文景观 ,因此它也一直被公认为是“皇家园林博物馆”。顾和园始建于1750年，作为一座豪华的皇家花园供皇室成员休息和娱乐。清朝末期，颐 和园成为了皇家成员的主要居住地。它位列世界遗产目录，也是中国第一批国家5A级旅游景区之一。

The Summer Palace is situated in the Haidian District,northwest of Beijing City,15 kilometers from central Beijing.It is the largest and most well-preserved royal park in China.It also has long been recognizcd as “the Museum of Royal Gardens”with famous natural view and cultural landscape.The construction started in 1750 as a luxurious royal garden for royal families to rest and entertain.It became the main residence of royal members in the end of the Qing Dynasty.It not only ranks amongst the World Heritage Sites but also is one of the first national AAAAA tourist spots in China.--Guan Qinqing (talk) 05:21, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace is situated in the Haidian District,northwest of Beijing City,15 kilometers away from central Beijing.It is the largest and most well-preserved royal garden in China.It also has long been recognizcd as “the Museum of Royal Gardens”with famous natural view and cultural landscape.The construction started in 1750 as a luxurious royal garden for royal families to rest and entertain.It became the main residence of royal members in the late Qing Dynasty.It is not only listed on the World Heritage Sites but also one of the first national AAAAA tourist spots in China.--Gao Mingzhu (talk) 01:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

Gui Yizhi 桂一枝

1.传统中国建筑在将空间单位联成一体时遵循的是平衡与对称的原则。

The combinations of units of space in traditional Chinese architecture follow the principles of balance and symmetry.

2.中国园林可分为御花酬私家花园两类，有时人们也会加上风景园林。御花园都在北方，私家花园则多见于南方，尤以苏州、无锡和南京三地最多。

Chinese gardens can be divided into two categories, the imperial the private, and sometimes landscape gardens are considered. The former are seen in northern China, while most of the latter can be found in the south, especially in Suzhou, Wuxi, and Nanjing.

Chinese gardens fall into two categories, the imperial ones and the private ones, and sometimes landscape gardens are also considered. The former are seen in northern China, while most of the latter can be found in the south, especially in Suzhou, Wuxi, and Nanjing.--Lou Cancan (talk) 11:56, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园集传统造园艺术之大成，借景周围的山水环境，饱含中国皇家园林的恢弘富丽气势，又充满自然之趣，高度体现了“虽由人作，宛若天开”的造林原则。

As an archetypal garden of the traditional gardening design, the Summer Palace, resorting to its surrounding mountains and water, radiates not only the grandeur of a Chinese imperial garden but also the beauty of nature in a seamless combination that best illustrates the guiding principle of the traditional Chinese gardening design: "The works of men should match the works of Heaven".--Gui Yizhi (talk) 09:18, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Guirou, Barthelemy

1.壁画艺术是悠久的中华文明史上的花开奇观之一。 自1960年代以来，它被普遍认为是秦始皇的“司马油画”，是陕西咸阳市尧典村发掘的，是古代考古中壁画的开端。

Murals art is one of the florid wonders in the long history of Chinese civilisation. Since the 1960s, it had been generally considered the "Sima Painting" of the Qin Dynasty that was unearthed from Yaodian village of Xianyang city in Shaanxi province as the beginning of the ancient mural in archeology.

Murals art is one of the florid wonders in the long history of Chinese civilisation. Since the 1960s, it had been generally considered as the "Sima Painting" of the First Emperor of Qin Dynasty that was unearthed at Yaodian village of Xianyang city in Shaanxi province as the beginning of the ancient mural in archeology.--Gao Mingzhu (talk) 02:04, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Gao Mingzhu

2.中国古典园林的设计试图以微缩的方式再现自然景观，在历史名城苏州的四个园林中，都没有比这更好的例证。

Classical Chinese garden design, which seeks to recreate natural landscapes in miniature, is nowhere better illustrated than in the four gardens in the historic city of Suzhou.

3.颐和园是中国最大和最好的皇家花园之一。

The summer Palace is one of the largest and finest imperial garden in China.

The summer Palace is one of the largest and finest imperial gardens in China.--Wu Zijia (talk) 10:24, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

4.凯瑟琳·奥古斯塔·卡尔（Katherine Augusta Carl）是一位美国作家和画家，他在中国待了9个月，画了慈禧太后的画像。

Katherine Augusta Carl was an American author and painter who spent nine months in China painting portrait of the Empress Dowager Cixi.--GUIROU BARTHELEMY (talk) 13:25, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

Guo Lu 郭露

1. 这是南非著名景观桌山，因其山顶平整如桌面而得名。开普敦拥有桌山、好望角等景点，风光秀丽，是著名的旅游胜地。 This is a well-known landscape of South Africa Table Mountain, the peak of its formation, such as desktop named after. Table Mountain in Cape Town have, the Cape of Good Hope, and other scenic spots, beautiful scenery, is well-known tourist destination.

2. 作为中国古代传统文化的一部分，中国园林文化对世界园艺文化的影响很大。园林是建筑艺术的一种形式。它本质上旨在通过所谓的园林四要素组织富于性情与乐趣并充满意境的环境，这种环境包括假山，河流，建筑和植物，也包括有机组成部分，比如道路，室内环境。与平常的结构相比，园林的精神品格更突出，它需要艺术家有更高的创造性和想象力。 The Zhuozheng Garden in Suzhou maybe one of the most scenic spots tourists want to visit because it is an outstanding private garden in southern China and it belongs to national treasure with the Palace Museum,the Great Wall, the Confucius temple,Clay Chung and the Potala Palace,and also is the treasure of world culture. The Zhuozheng Garden is a maze blending history texts and practice space. The process of reading the garden is experiencing the space“image”and talking with the eld by the“texts”. It is quite safe to say that on the whole the original flavor has not been lost and that the simplicity and openness of the Ming style garden continues to be the dominant feature over to this day.

3. 它是以昆明湖、万寿山为基址，以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林，也是保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”，也是国家重点旅游景点。 It is a large landscape garden based on Kunming Lake and Longevity Hill, based on the West Lake of Hangzhou and drawing on the design techniques of gardens in the south of the Yangtze River. It is also the most complete imperial palace and imperial court preserved. It is known as the "Royal Garden Museum" and is also a national key tourist attraction.--Guo Lu (talk) 16:15, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Ha, Thi Thu Hang

1. China has a long history and a rich cultural heritage.

中国历史悠久，文化底蕴深厚。

2. Buddhism was one of China’s most important religions in the past.

佛教是中国过去最重要的宗教之一。

佛教曾是中国最重要的宗教之一。--Jiang Qiwei (talk) 13:41, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3. Traditional architecture is a precious part of the cultural heritage of the Chinese people.

传统建筑是中国人民文化遗产的宝贵组成部分。

4. The Summer Palace is grand in scale and includes the differing styles of famous Chinese gardens.

颐和园规模宏大，包括风格各异的中国著名园林。--HATHITHUHANG2 (talk) 15:56, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

He Changqi 何长琦

1.人们走进园林，但见一片丛林，建筑掩映在密林之中，曲折的小路不知通向何方，沿着小路前行，似乎要走到了尽头，但是就在路将行不通处，突然是一个开阔的天地，亭台楼阁，假山泉水，让人不由得一阵惊喜。 1.in the gardens, besides buildings looming behind dense groves of trees, what most frequently meets the eye are winding paths that seemingly lead to nowhere,as it would appear to new visitors. There, a path seems to end, but of a sudden, a new world is rolled out before you : pavilions,rock formations, spring water-all combining to provide a pleasant surprise!

2.说起四合院，中国南北方都有。南方云南的四合院以白墙黑瓦、彩画、石雕、砖雕的典雅和茂盛的绿植而闻名。北方的四合院以北京的四合院为代表，俨然成为城市的象征。 The courtyard architectural style exists in both southern and northern China. The courtyards of Yunnan in southern China are famous for the elegance of their white walls,black tiles,colorful paintings,and stone and brick carving in addition to lush green foliage. Courtyard in the north are represented by the siheyuan in Beijing,a symbol of the city.

3.颐和园无论在园林设计还是建筑上，都是中国古典建筑的一座丰碑。它借用周围景观的景色，不仅散发出皇家园林的气势，而且将自然之美完美结合，最能体现中国传统园林设计的指导思想，即 "天工开物，人杰地灵"。  The Summer Palace is a monument to classical Chinese architecture, in terms of both garden design and construction. Borrowing scenes from surrounding landscapes, it radiates not only the grandeur of an imperial garden but also the beauty of nature in a seamless combination that best illustrates the guiding principle of traditional Chinese garden design: “The works of men should match the works of Heaven”. --He Changqi (talk) 06:06, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

Hu Baihui 胡百辉

1.园林建筑既要满足各种园林活动和使用上的要求，又是园林景物之一；既是物质产品，也是艺术作品。但园林建筑给人精神上的感受更多。因此，艺术性要求更高，除要求具有观赏价值外，还要求富有诗情画意。 Garden architecture should not only meet the requirements of various garden activities and use, but also be one of the landscape objects; it is not only a material product, but also an artistic work. But landscape architecture gives people more spiritual feelings. Therefore, the requirement of artistry is higher, which requires not only ornamental value, but also poetic and picturesque. 2.中国传统建筑以木结构建筑为主，西方的传统建筑以砖石结构为主。现代的建筑则是以钢筋混凝土为主。 Chinese traditional architecture is mainly wood structure, while western brick structure. Modern architecture is mainly reinforced concrete. 3.颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。 The summer palace is the most important political and diplomatic center for the supreme ruler of the late Qing Dynasty outside the Forbidden City. It is an important witness of modern Chinese history and the place where many important historical events took place.

Hu Jin 胡瑾

1. 中国古代建筑历史悠久，可以追溯到商朝(公元前16世纪-公元前771年)。它有自己的结构和布局原则。经过长期的发展，聪明的中国劳动人民创造了许多建筑奇迹。

1. Ancient Chinese architecture has a long history which can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty(16th century BC-771BC). It has its own principles of structure and layout. Through the long development, many architectural wonders have created by clever Chinese labouring people.

2. 中国的私家园林是中国园林文化的杰作，它的贡献甚至超过皇家园林--它们都受中国传统哲学文化思想的影响并将人、自然个建筑结合在一起。

2. China's private garden is a masterpiece of Chinese garden culture, the contribution of its even more than the royal garden- they are all influenced by Chinese traditional philosophical culture ideas and combine people, nature and architecture.

2.The private gardens in China are masterpieces of Chinese garden culture, and their contribution is even more than that of royal gardens. They are influenced by Chinese traditional philosophy and culture and combine human and natural buildings together.

3. 颐和园的英文名称"Summer Palace", 意思是这里是皇帝在夏大的居住之地—一个离城不远、位与乡村的、供帝王后妃们逍遥游乐的紫禁城。

3. As its name implies，the Summer Palace was used as a summer residence by China's imperial rulers--as a retreat from the main imperial palace now known as the Palace Museum or Forbidden City-a pleasureground in the countryside，yet near to the city.--Hu Jin (talk) 03:11, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

1.With special principles of structure and layout, ancient Chinese architecture has a long history which can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty(16th century BC-771BC). Through its long-term development, the indigenous Chinese People have left us numerous architecture wonders.

2.China's private garden is a masterpiece of Chinese garden culture, whose contribution is even more than royal garden- they are all influenced by Chinese traditional philosophical and cultural ideas, incorporating people, nature and architecture.--Jiang Fengyi (talk) 06:34, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

Jiang Fengyi 蒋凤仪

南朝建筑遗物无存，也不如北朝建筑能从敦煌壁画及佛教石窟得知其形像，只能从少量墓葬壁画及经百济传於日本的飞鸟样间接推断其形像。

Unlike architectures in the North Dynasty, whose image could be found in the Dunhuang murals and some Buddhist caves, there are no surviving relics of architectures in the South Dynasty and can only be infeered form a small number of tomb paintings and bird-like figures transmitted to Japan via Baekje.

北方园林模仿江南，早在明代中叶已见端倪。北京西北郊海淀镇一带，北京皇家园林，湖泊罗布，泉眼特多，官僚贵戚们纷纷在这里买地造园，其中不少即有意识的模仿江南水乡的园林风貌。

The northern gardening began to imitate the style of gardens in the south of the Yangtze River, especially the imperial gardens in northwest suburb of Haidian Town, where lies numerous lakes and springs, and a handful of bureaucrats and aristocrats have bought land here to build gardens, many of whose style are of the style in the south of the Yangtze River.

1949年中华人民共和国成立以后，对故宫建筑进行了大规模的修缮，同时整理出大量的文物。1961年国务院颁布故宫为全国重点文物保护单位。

The Forbidden City has undergone a large scale of restoration while sorted out a number of relics after the foundation of the Republic of China. In 1961, the State Council has designated the Forbidden City as the protection cultural relics at the national level.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the Forbidden City was renovated on a large scale and many cultural relics were sorted out. In 1961,it was included as a national key cultural relic by the State Council.--Li Liqin (talk) 01:50, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

慈禧一生中领导过两次改革，第一次是洋务运动，第二次是清末新政，前者是物质层面上的变革，后者是体制层面上的变革。

Cixi has led two reform in total in her life, the first one was the Westernization Movement and the second the new Policy Reform in the Late Qing Dynasty, and the former one is a material one, the later institutional one.--Jiang Fengyi (talk) 09:48, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Cixi led two reforms in her life:the Westernization Movement and the New policy Reform in the late Qing Dynasty. The former is a material change, while the latter is institutional. --Li Liqin (talk) 01:50, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Jiang Qiwei 蒋淇玮

1. 建筑指的是规划、设计和修建建筑物及其他实体结构的过程或其产物。实体结构的建筑物经常被认为是文化标志和艺术结晶。

Architecture is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of art.--Jiang Qiwei (talk) 13:39, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.园林是指在一定的地域运用工程技术和艺术手段，通过改造地形、种植树木花草、营造建筑和布置园路等途径创作而成的美的自然环境和游憩境域。 园林包括庭园、宅园、小游园、花园、公园、植物园、动物园等。

Gardens refer to the aesthetic nature environment and play area, which are created by transforming terrain, planting trees, flowers and grasses, constructing architecture, setting paths and so on with certain engineering technology of regional application and means of artistic expression. And gardens consist of yards, private gardens, small gardens, flower gardens, parks, botanical gardens, zoos, etcetera.--Jiang Qiwei (talk) 13:39, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园是中国清朝时期皇家园林，位于北京西郊，5A级国家景区。 颐和园是以昆明湖、万寿山为基址，以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林，也是保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”，是国家重点旅游景点。

The Summer Palace, a national 5A level tourist attraction, is a Chinese royal garden in Qing dynasty, situated in the western suburbs of Beijing. Based on Kunming Lake and Longevity Hill, it is a large-scale landscape garden with the West Lake in Hangzhou as its blueprint and the design techniques of gardens in regions south of the Yangtze River. The Summer Palace is the most well-preserved imperial palace for temporary stay, which is regarded as the "museum of imperial gardens". Besides, it's also a major tourist attraction in China.--Jiang Qiwei (talk) 13:39, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace is a royal garden during the Qing Dynasty, located in the western suburbs of Beijing. The Summer Palace is a large landscape garden built on the site of Kunming Lake and Wanshou Mountain, based on Hangzhou West Lake and drawing on the design techniques of the gardens of the south of the Yangtze River, and is also the best-preserved royal palace.It is also a key national tourist attraction.--He Changqi (talk) 06:11, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

Kang Haoyu 康浩宇

1.滕王阁主体建筑净高57.5米，建筑面积13000平方米。其下部为象征古城墙的12米高台座，分为两级。台座以上的主阁取“明三暗七”格式，即从外面看是三层带回廊建筑，而内部却有七层，就是三个明层，三个暗层，加屋顶中的设备层。

The main building of Tengwang Pavilion has a net height of 57.5 meters and covers an area of 13,000 square meters. The lower part is a 12-meters-high pedestal which symbolizes the ancient city wall, and it is divided into two levels. The main pavilion above the pedestal adopts the format of "Seeming three but actually seven", that is, from the outside, it seems like a three-story building with cloisters, while the interior has seven floors, three outer floors and three inner floors, plus the equipment floor in the roof.--Kang Haoyu (talk) 13:26, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2.东园是利用蒋桃园废墟，古城墙遗址和内城河，通过人工改造而成。原内城河挖成辽阔的水面，在绵延的古城遗址上广植花木，构成了以山水为主景观的新型现代园林。

The East Garden was artificially reconstructed from the ruins of Jiangtaoyuan, the ruins of the ancient city wall and the inner artificial city river. The original inner city river was dug into a vast water surface, and flowers and trees were widely planted on the ancient city ruins, forming a new modern garden with mountains and waters as the main landscape. --Kang Haoyu (talk) 13:26, 6 November 2020 (UTC) 3.苏州街又称“买卖街”，是后湖两岸仿江南水镇而建。清漪园时期岸上有各式店铺，如玉器古玩店、绸缎店、点心铺、茶楼、金银首饰楼等。店铺中的店员都是太监、宫女妆扮。

Suzhou Street, also known as "Trading Street", was built on both sides of Back Lake in imitation of Jiangnan Water Town. During Qingyi Garden period, there were various shops on the shore, such as jade antique shop, silk shop, snack shop, tea house, gold and silver jewelry shop, etc. Shop assistants are all eunuchs and maids who dressed up.--Kang Haoyu (talk) 13:26, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Lei Fangyuan 雷方圆

1.故宫外朝，建筑气势雄伟、豪华壮丽，是中国古代建筑艺术的精华。

The Palace Museum faces outwards, its buildings are majestic, luxurious and magnificent, which is the essence of ancient Chinese architectural art.

The Imperial Palace, solemn and magnificent, facing towards the outside, is famed as the quintessence of ancient Chinese architecture art.--Yuan Tianyi (talk) 02:29, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Imperial Palace facing outwards are majestic, luxurious and magnificent, which is the essence of ancient Chinese architectural art.--WuQiong (talk) 03:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2.园林建筑是园林景观中必不可少的要素,满足不同群体休憩、游览、集会等功能需求。古典园林建筑有成熟的营造理论和审美情趣,承载着多彩的民族文化和精神内涵。

Garden architecture is an indispensable element in the garden landscape, meeting the functional needs of different groups such as rest, tour, and assembly. Classical garden architecture has mature construction theory and aesthetic taste, and carries colorful national culture and spiritual connotation.

Garden architecture, as an indispensable of garden landscapes, meets the functional needs of different groups including rest, sightseeing, and gathering and so on. Classical garden architecture, with mature construction theory and aesthetic taste, carries abundant national cultures and spiritual connotations.--Zhang Yu (talk) 09:25, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Garden architecture is an essential element in landscape, to meet the needs of different groups of rest, tour, assembly and other functions. Classical garden architecture has a mature construction theory and aesthetic taste, bearing a colorful national culture and spiritual connotation. --Zhao Xi (talk) 04:52, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园，中国清朝时期皇家园林，前身为清漪园，坐落在北京西郊，距城区15公里，占地约290公顷（2.9平方千米），与圆明园毗邻。

The Summer Palace, an imperial garden during the Qing Dynasty in China, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, 15 kilometers away from the city, covering an area of about 290 hectares (2.9 square kilometers), adjacent to the Old Summer Palace.--Lei Fangyuan (talk) 14:53, 4 November 2020 (UTC)--Lei Fangyuan (talk) 14:53, 4 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace, an imperial garden during the Qing Dynasty in China, originally named Qingyi Yuan, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing. Covering about 290 hectares (2.9 square kilometers), it's 15 kilometers away from the city, adjacent to the Old Summer Palace.--Ding Daifeng (talk) 05:39, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Lei Kuangxi 雷旷溪

1、当代建筑领域里，把使用木材和传统施工方法，按照传统样式建成的建筑叫做“古建”。把使用混凝土或者钢材或其他建筑材料，并且使用现代建筑施工方法和施工工艺，模仿古建筑形式的建筑叫“仿古建”。

In the field of contemporary architecture, buildings were built in accordance with traditional styles and using wood and traditional construction methods are called "ancient architecture".then the buildings were constracted by concrete or steel or other materials and using modern building construction methods and construction techniques, those imitated the ancient form of architecture is called "archaizing".

2、园林是传统中国文化中的一种艺术形式，受到传统"礼乐"文化影响很深。通过地形、山水、建筑群、花木等作为载体衬托出人类主体的精神文化。

Garden is an art form in traditional Chinese culture, which is deeply influenced by traditional "rites and music" culture.using topography, landscape, architectural complex, flowers and trees as the carrier to foil the spiritual culture of the human subject.

3、1900年园内建筑及文物遭八国联军破坏，1902年修复。颐和园尽管大体上全面恢复了清漪园的景观，但很多质量上有所下降。许多高层建筑由于经费的关系被迫减矮，尺度也有所缩小。

In 1900, the buildings and cultural relics of the park were destroyed by the Eight-Nation Alliance, and restored in 1902.Although the Summer Palace has largely restored the landscape of the Garden of qingyi, many of its features have been degraded.Also many high-rise buildings are forced to be reduced due to the cost, the scale has also been reduced.--Lei kuangxi (talk) 14:06, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Lei Kuangxi

Li Lili 李丽丽

1．建筑不仅仅是技术科学，而且是一种艺术。中国古代建筑经过长时期的努力，同时吸收了中国其他传统艺术，特别是绘画、雕刻、工艺美术等造型艺术的特点，创造了丰富多彩的艺术形象。

Architecture is not only a technical science, but also an art. After a long period of hard work, Chinese ancient architecture has absorbed the characteristics of other traditional Chinese arts, especially the plastic arts such as painting, sculpture and arts and crafts, creating rich and colorful artistic images.--Li LIli (talk) 11:10, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

2. 我国地域广大，东西南北的气候地理条件及物产各不相同，因而园林也常常表现出较明显的地方特性。 China has a vast territory, and its climate, geographical conditions and products are different from each other in the East, West, North and south. So its gardens show obvious local features.--Li LIli (talk) 11:10, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

China has a vast territory with different climate, geograpgical conditions and products in the east, west, north and south. Thus its gardens often show obvious local characteristics. --Chen Han (talk) 01:53, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Our country(I'm sorry but 我国 is probably have another meaning? Correct me if I'm wrong) has a vast territory with various climate, geographical conditions and products which are different from east to west, north to south, so gardens often show obvious local characteristics.

3.颐和园，前身为清漪园，坐落在北京西郊, 占地约290公顷（2.9平方千米）。 The summer palace, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, is located in the western suburb of Beijing， covering an area of 290 hectares (2.9 square kilometers).--Li LIli (talk) 11:10, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Li Lili

Li Liqin 李丽琴

1. 我国由于经历了漫长的封建社会，历代帝王为了满足其骄奢淫逸的生活和维护其统治的威严，往往大兴土木，营建各种宫室殿堂。中国古代建筑经过长期发展，吸收了中国其他传统艺术，特别是绘画、雕刻、工艺等造型艺术的特点。

Due to the long fedual society, emperors in ancient China used to build palaces to maintainn the majesty of their rule and to satidfy their luxurious life. After a long history of development, ancient Chinese architecture has absorbed the characteristics of other traditional arts, including painting, carving and crafts and other plastic arts. --Li Liqin (talk) 09:53, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 中国现存的著名古典园林数量不少，且中国古典园林的精华则集中在江南地区。园林都是为满足封建统治阶级的享乐生活而建，因此在园林布置的艺术手法上有许多共同之处。中国古典园林的园景上主要是模仿自然，即用人工的力量来建造自然的景色。

China is home to many famous classical gardens, of which the Southern Gardens are essence. Gardens are built to satisfy the luxurious needs of fedual ruling class, resulting in similarities in the artistic techniques of garden layout. In addition, in terms of garden landscape, gardens are built to imitate nature scenery by artificial power. --Li Liqin (talk) 09:53, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 颐和园是我国保存完好的古典皇家园林，是世界闻名的建筑。颐，意思是颐养天年；和指心平气和。颐和园意为退休老人养老的地方。晚年的慈禧不再干预朝政，为安享晚年才修建了颐和园。

The Summer Palace is a well-preserved and famous classical imperial garden in China. The Chinese character "颐" means living a peaceful life in old age; "和" refers to peace in mind; based on it, the Summer Palace is designated for retired people to enjoy their lives. The Empress Dowager Cixi stopped interfering in government affairs in her later years and build the Palace to enjoy life.--Li Liqin (talk) 09:53, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 后人对慈禧的评价极具争议。在她统治的47年间，中国蒙受了无穷尽的屈辱和苦难，但她也有一些贡献。为挽救清王朝的统治，慈禧发动了清末新政，废除了科举制度。

Cixi is a controversial historical figure. During her 47 years in power, China suffered endless humiliations, but it can't be denied that she also has something to offer. For example, in order to maintain the majesty of the Qing Dynasty, she initiated the New Deal and abolished the imperial examination system.--Li Liqin (talk) 09:53, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Liu Liu 刘柳

1.中国传统建筑不仅重自然的山林风水，也重人工的山林风水，让人工的与自然的协调，院内的与院外的衔接，造成“天上人间”之境，使人产生“此中有真意，欲辨已忘言”的心旷神怡之感。

Chinese traditional architecture emphasizes not only natural landscape but also artificial landscape,so that the harmony between the artificiality and nature,coupled with the connection inside and outside the courtyard,jointly create a cumstance of “paradise on the earth”,which makes a relaxed and happy feeling of “There is the essence of life here,but it is beyond my words.”

Chinese traditional architecture emphasizes not only natural landscapes but also artificial ones, so that the harmony between the artificiality and nature, coupled with the connection of the inside and outside courtyard, jointly create an atmosphere of “paradise on the earth”, which brings a relaxed and happy feeling of “there is the essence of life here, but it is beyond my words.”--Ouyang Ling

Chinese traditional architecture emphasizes not only natural landscape but also artificial one, so that the combination of the artificiality and nature, coupled with the connection of the inside and outside courtyard, jointly create a realm of “heaven and earth”, which brings a refreshed feeling of “there is the essence of life here, but I cannot grasp it with words.”--Root (talk) 07:57, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

2.苏州古典园林所蕴涵的中华哲学、历史、人文习俗是江南人文历史传统、地方风俗的一种象征和浓缩，展现了中国文化的精华，在世界造园史上具有独特的历史地位和重大的艺术价值。

The Chinese philosophy,history and cultural customs contained in the classical gardens of Suzhou are a symbol and concentration of cultural and historical tradition and local customs in Jiangnan,which has a unique historical position and great artistic value in the history of world’s gardening.

The Chinese philosophy, history and cultural customs contained in the ancient gardens of Suzhou are a symbol and concentration of cultural and historical traditions and folk customs in Jiangnan, which has an unique historical position and great artistic value in the history of world’s garden-building.--Ouyang Ling

3.颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。

The Summer Palace is the most important political and diplomatic activity center of the supreme ruler of the late Qing dynasty outside the Forbidden City.It has witnessed many significant historical events and the development of modern Chinese history.

The Summer Palace is the most important center for the supreme rulers to hold political and diplomatic activities in the late Qing Dynasty outside the Forbidden City. It has witnessed many significant historical events and the development of modern Chinese history.--Ouyang Ling

4.慈禧太后是中国历史的帝制时代中少数长期当政的女性，其政治手腕堪称干练，尤其擅长操弄亲贵朝臣之间的权力平衡以维系自身的绝对权威。清朝因为她的能力而续命数十年。

Empress Dowager Cixi is one of the few women who have been in power for a long time in the imperial age of Chinese history.She is experienced in political activities and particularly skillful in balancing the power of the courtiers so as to maintain her absolute authorrity.The Qing dynasty has continued its reign for decades because of her ability.--Liu Liu (talk) 15:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Empress Dowager Cixi is one of the few women who were in power for a long time in the imperial age of Chinese history. She was an experienced politician who was particularly skillful in balancing the power of the imperial relatives and courtiers so as to maintain her absolute authority. The Qing Dynasty continued its reign for decades because of her ability.--Ouyang Ling

Liu Ou 刘欧

1.大雁塔建于唐长安城晋昌坊(今陕西省西安市南)的大慈恩寺内，又名“慈恩寺塔”，今存。塔高64米，塔身枋、斗拱、栏额均为青砖仿木结构。玄奘法师为供奉从印度带回的佛像、舍利和梵文经典而建造的一座五层砖塔。

The Great Wild Goose Pagoda was built in the Great Ci'en Temple in Jinchangfang (now south of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province) in Chang'an City of the Tang Dynasty. The tower is 64 meters high.Its tower body, dougong, and fence are all blue brick and wood-like structures. Master Xuanzang built the five-story brick tower to enshrine Buddha statues, relics and Sanskrit scriptures brought back from India.--Liu Ou (talk) 06:27, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2.江南园林是中国古典园林的杰出代表，它特色鲜明地折射出中国人的自然观和人生观。

Gardens south of the Yangtze River are outstanding representatives of Chinese classical gardens, and their distinctive features reflect the Chinese people's outlook on nature and life.--Liu Ou (talk) 06:27, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Gardens on the Yangtze Delta are outstanding representatives of Chinese classical gardens, and their distinctive features reflect the Chinese people's outlook on nature and life. --Chen Han (talk) 14:17, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3.1961年3月4日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。

On March 4, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. It was also named as China’s Four Famous Gardens along with the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator’s Garden, and Lingering Garden.It was list in "World Heritage List" in November 1998.--Liu Ou (talk) 06:27, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Liu Yi 刘艺

1、庭院是建筑的基本单位，它既是封闭的，又是开放的；既是人工的，又是自然的，可以俯植花草树木，仰观风云日月，成为古人“天人合一”观念的又一表现，也体现了中国人既含蓄内向，又开拓进取的民族性格。

The courtyard is the basic unit of architecture, it is both closed and open; both artificial and natural, can overlooking flowers and trees, look up to the wind, clouds, sun and moon, has become the ancients "unity of nature and man" concept is another performance, but also reflects the Chinese are both subtle and introverted, and pioneering national character.--Liu Yi (talk) 00:10, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Courtyard is the basic unit of architecture, which is both closed and open, both artificial and natural. Standing on it, people can overlook flowers and trees and look up to the wind, clouds, sun and moon, which is another manifestation of the ancient people's concept of "harmony between man and nature". It also reflects the national character of Chinese people, which is both introverted and enterprising.--Ding Daifeng (talk) 05:33, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2、其次，要考虑到植物的色彩和组合的形式美。花园中常利用花坛、花台、花缘和花丛以集中表现观赏植物的丰富多彩，以及植株姿态和叶形的对比调和。要重视草坪和地被植物的种植，避免露土。

Secondly, it is important to consider the beauty of the color and form of the plant combinations. Flower beds, pedestals, rims and clusters are often used in gardens to focus on the variety of ornamental plants, as well as the contrast and harmony of plant postures and leaf shapes. Emphasis should be placed on planting lawns and groundcovers and avoiding open soil.--Liu Yi (talk) 00:10, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Secondly, we should consider the color of plants and the formal beauty of plant combinations. In gardens, flower beds, pedestals, rims and clusters are often used to show the richness of ornamental plants, as well as the contrast and harmony of plant postures and leaf shapes. Attention should be paid to the planting of lawns and ground cover plants so as to avoid soil exposure.--Ding Daifeng (talk) 05:33, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3、颐和园鼎盛时期，规模宏大，占地面积2.97平方公里（293公顷），主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成，其中水面占四分之三（大约220公顷）。园内建筑以佛香阁为中心，园中有景点建筑物百余座、大小院落20余处。

In Summer Palace's heyday, the Summer Palace was on a grand scale, covering an area of 2.97 square kilometers (293 hectares), consisting mainly of two parts, Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake, of which three-fourths (about 220 hectares) is water. The architecture of the garden is centered on the Buddha Fragrance Pavilion, and there are more than a hundred attractions and buildings, and more than 20 large and small courtyards in the garden.--Liu Yi (talk) 00:10, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Liu Yiyu 刘怡瑜

1949年中华人民共和国成立后，中国现代建筑在数量、规模、类型、地区分布及现代化水平上都突破近代的局限，展现出崭新的姿态。 After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, China's modern architecture has made breakthrough beyond the limitations of modern times in quantity, scale, type, regional distribution and modernization level, showing a brand-new image. 大型园林不但摹仿自然山水，而且还集仿各地名胜于一园，形成园中有园、大园套小园的风格。 Large gardens not only imitate natural scenery, but also follow the example of the styles of famous places from all over the world in one garden, thus, one garden enjoys various styles. 颐和园和圆明园，虽然是北方皇家园林，但去过颐和园或看过圆明园复原图的人一定会发现：这两处园子有着浓浓的江南风情。 Imperial gardens in the north as the Summer Palace and the Old Summer Palace are, those who have been to the Summer Palace or have seen the restoration blueprints of the Old Summer Palace will definitely find that these two gardens boast a strong southern style.--Liu Yiyu (talk) 11:05, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Liu Yiyu

Lou Cancan 娄灿灿

1 中国的建筑师们把印度佛塔的圆形与中国传统楼亭建筑方式相结合，从而使中国古塔形成自己的独特风格。

The ancient Chinese pagoda took on its own distinct style when architects combined the features of circular Indian Buddhist pagodas with those of traditional Chinese pavilions and towers.--Lou Cancan (talk) 09:47, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2 明代江南十分富庶，人们对居住环境有了更高的审美追求。文人巨贾聚集苏州，打造自己审美的后花园，将自然景观、文化与艺术融入到园林中。

It is during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), when southern Chinese area, known as Jiangnan area, became prosperous in economy that people, especially the scholars, officials and merchants there started to pursuit a better living condition. They built their own gardens, trying to combine the natural landscape, culture and art into them. --Lou Cancan (talk) 09:47, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3 颐和园前身为清漪园，始建于清朝乾隆十五年（1750），咸丰十年（1860）被英法联军烧毁。光绪十二年（1886），清廷挪用海军经费等款项于1886年开始重建。

The Summer Palace, originally named Qingyi Yuan or the Garden of Clear Ripples, was first constructed in 1750. It was razed to the ground by the Anglo-French Allied Forces in 1860. The Government of the Qing Dynasty started to rebuild it in 1886 with funds that it had misappropriated from the Imperial Navy. --Lou Cancan (talk) 09:47, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

4 当慈禧看到摄影比画像更快捷、更方便，且照片几乎是真实的，关于摄影是冒犯和可耻的想法开始改变。她变得对摄影如此感兴趣和好奇，她想尽快探索摄影的秘密。

When Cixi saw that photography was faster and more convenient than portrait painting and that the photo was almost real, the idea that photography was offensive and disgraceful began to change. She became so interested and curious about photography that she wanted to explore the secret of photography as soon as possible. --Lou Cancan (talk) 09:47, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Luo Weijia 罗维嘉

1.中国古代建筑与欧洲、阿拉伯建筑一起，是世界建筑体系的重要组成部分。 Together with European and Arabian architecture, ancient Chinese architecture is an important component of the world architectural system.

1. Ancient Chinese architecture, as well as European and Arab architecture, is an important part of the world architecture system.--Yang Hairong (talk) 13:04, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 中国园林是经过三千多年的发展而形成的一种园林风格。 The Chinese garden is a landscape garden style which has evolved over three thousand years.

3.1998年12月，联合国教科文组织将颐和园列入世界遗产名录。 In December 1998, UNESCO included the Summer Palace on its World Heritage List.--Luo Weijia (talk) 12:37, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Luo Yuqing 罗雨晴

中国各地的居住建筑，又称民居。居住建筑是最基本的建筑类型，是出现最早、分布最广的建筑群落。由于中国各地区的自然环境和人文情况不同，各地民居也显现出多样化的面貌。

Residential buildings all over China are also called folk houses. Residential building is the most basic building type. It is the earliest and the most widely distributed building communities. Due to the diversity of the local environment and human environment, the residential houses in China also show various features.--Luo Yuqing (talk) 02:36, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

园林植物生产是国民经济的重要组成部分，城市生态、园林景观、城乡环境的绿化美化更是国家建设的重中之重。因此，园林专业是造福人类、前景无限的专业。

The production of garden plants is an important part of the national economy. The greening and embellishment of urban ecology, landscape and urban and rural environment is the most important for national construction. Therefore, landscape architecture benefits mankind and has unlimited prospects.--Luo Yuqing (talk) 02:36, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

颐和园占地面积达293公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成。各种形式的宫殿园林建筑3000余间，大致可分为行政、生活、游览三个部分。

The Summer Palace covers an area of 293 hectares, which is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3000 palace and garden buildings in various forms, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration, life and sightseeing.--Luo Yuqing (talk) 02:36, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Mo Ling 莫玲

1.园中花窗、虚虚实实、漏而不尽、诱人探幽。

The floral windows in the garden show a faint silhouette.Some parts of them are exposed yet not the all,which entices visitors to explore the hidden world behind that.

2. 颐和园古式建筑走廊，它遮荫蔽雨、休息、联系交通，组织景观、分隔空间、增加风景层次。

In the Summer Palace,there are numerous classical corridors.They are not only desirable places of shelter and rest,but also act as pivots of roads in different directions and connectors of different scenic spots.In addition,they can serve as space dividers,which is able to amplify the levels of scenery.

3. 比较重要的建筑都安置在纵轴线上，次要房屋安置在它左右两侧的横轴线上，北京故宫的组群布局和北方的四合院是最能体现庭院式布局原则的典型实例。

On the vertical axis array the more important buildings and on each side array the subordinate houses on the horizontal axis . The group layout of the Forbidden City in Beijing and the quardrangle dwellings in the North China are typical examples of courtyard layout principle.--Mo Ling (talk) 14:43, 5 November 2020 (UTC)Mo Ling

On the vertical axis array the more important buildings and on horizontal axis array the subordinate houses. The group layout of the Forbidden City in Beijing and the quardrangle dwellings in the North China are typical examples of courtyard layout principle.--Qu Miao (talk) 09:20, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Ngo, Thi Minh Huong

1. 中国故宫别称是紫禁城，占地72万多平方米，有楼宇8000余间，建筑面积15万平方米。故宫是明、清两代的皇宫，是我国现存最大最完整的古建筑群。 The Forbidden City of China, also known as the Forbidden City, covers an area of more than 720,000 square meters with more than 8,000 buildings, and has a construction area of 150,000 square meters. The Forbidden City is the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is the largest and most complete group of ancient buildings in China.

2. 颐和园原是清朝帝王的行宫和花园，又称清漪园，以昆明湖、万寿山为基址，按照江南园林的设计手法建造，是我国现存规模非常大，保存非常完整的皇家园林，景色极具优雅，还有很多珍贵的文物，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”。 The Summer Palace was originally the palace and garden of the emperors of the Qing Dynasty, also known as Qingyi Garden. It is located on the land of Kunming Lake and Wanshou Mountain. It is built in accordance with the design techniques of Jiangnan gardens. It is a very large-scale and very well-preserved royal garden in China. It is elegant and has many precious cultural relics. It is known as the "Royal Garden Museum".

3. 中国古典园林艺术是指以江南私家园林和北方皇家园林为代表的中国山水园林形式。在中国传统建筑中，古典园林是独树一帜有重大成就的建筑。 Chinese classical garden art refers to the forms of Chinese landscape gardens represented by private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River and royal gardens in the north. Among the traditional Chinese architecture, the classical garden is a unique architecture with major achievements.

Ouyang Ling 欧阳玲

1.宫殿建筑又称宫廷建筑，是皇帝为了巩固自己的统治，突出皇权的威严，满足精神生活和物质生活的享受而建造的规模巨大、气势雄伟的建筑物。

Palace buildings, as known as imperial buildings, are large-scale and majestic. They were constructed for the emperors to consolidate their reign, stress their dignified power and bring spiritual enjoyment and material comfort.

2. 园林是一种理想化的生活环境，是优美高雅的的艺术形式，能陶冶人的情操，净化人们的内心世界。人们也可以通过园林来实现对美的追求、抒发情怀，因此园林还具有更深的文化意义。

Garden is an ideal environment to live in, and as a form of art, it can uplift the mind and spirit and purify the inner world of people. By building gardens people intends to pursue the beauty and express the thoughts and feelings, thereby adding a profound cultural meaning on them.

3. 颐和园集传统造园艺术之大成，万寿山、昆明湖构成其基本框架，借景周围的山水环境，饱含中国皇家园林的恢弘富丽气势，又充满自然之趣。

The Summer Palace represents the highest development of traditional garden-building art. With Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake constituting the general view, the Summer Palace was landscaped by surrounding mountains and waters, presenting a majestic and sumptuous mood and full of delights of nature.

4. 慈禧执政48年中，对于政务掌握相当严格，即使在病中亦然，在她统治中国近半个世纪的时间里，一直勉励维系并且牢牢掌控着中央集权帝国的局面，中国因得免于陷入割据乱局。

During the 48-year reign of the Empress Dowager Cixi, she firmly grasped the powers in political affairs and did so even when she fell ill. In the nearly half-century reign, she diligently ruled China as a centralized empire and kept it from being torn apart by forces.--Ouyang Ling

Peng Ruihong 彭锐宏

1.国家体育场（鸟巢）位于北京奥林匹克公园中心区南部，为2008年北京奥运会的主体育场。工程总占地面积21公顷，场内观众坐席约为91000个。举行了奥运会、残奥会开闭幕式、田径比赛及足球比赛决赛。

The National Stadium (Bird's Nest) is located in the southern part of the central area of ​​the Beijing Olympic Park. It was the main stadium for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The total height of the project is 21 miles, and there are about 91,000 spectator seats in the venue. Track and field matches and football match finals.

Located in the southern of the central area of Beijing Olympic Park, The National Stadium (Bird's Nest) is the main stadium for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The project covers a total area of 21 hectares, and there are about 91,000 spectator seats. The opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympic and Paralympic Games, track and field competitions and football finals were held there.--Luo Yuqing (talk) 02:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.承德避暑山庄，又名“承德离宫”或“热河行宫”，是世界文化遗产、国家AAAAA级旅游景区、全国重点文物保护单位、中国四大名园之一。山庄位于河北省承德市中心北部，武烈河西岸一带狭长的谷地上，是清代皇帝夏天避暑和处理政务的场所。避暑山庄分宫殿区、湖泊区、平原区、山峦区四大部分。

Chengde Mountain Resort, also known as "Chengde Ligong" or "Rehe Palace", is a world cultural heritage, a national AAAAA-level tourist attraction, a national key cultural relics protection unit, and one of China's four famous gardens. The villa is located in the narrow valley on the west bank of the Wulie River in the north of Chengde city center in Hebei province. It was a place for the emperors of the Qing Dynasty to escape the summer heat and deal with government affairs. The Mountain Resort is divided into four parts: palace area, lake area, plain area and mountain area.

3.1961年3月4日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。2007年5月8日，颐和园经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区。

On March 4, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. It was also named as China’s Four Famous Gardens along with the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator’s Garden, and Lingering Garden. It was included in November 1998. "World Heritage List". On May 8, 2007, the Summer Palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction.--Peng Ruihong (talk) 11:00, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Phyo, Su Kyi

1-中国古代著名建筑- 紫禁城,天坛,钱陵,古城墙,大雁塔。

Famous Ancient Chinese Buildings-The Forbidden City,Temple of Heaven,Qian Mausoleum,Ancient City Wall,Big Wild Goose Pagoda.

2-中日花园的主要区别在于，与日式花园相比，中式花园往往更为大胆，充满异国情调，具有观赏性，并且在整个公园般的环境中具有更多的建筑和结构，而日式花园则总体上较为柔和，朴素和简约。

The main difference between Chinese and Japanese gardens is that Chinese gardens tend to be more bold, exotic, ornamental, and have more architecture and structures throughout a park-like setting, compared to Japanese gardens which tend to be more subdued, austere and minimalist overall.

3-1888年，颐和园获得了现今的中文名称，即颐和园，并作为慈禧太后的避暑胜地。 1900年，它被八国联军摧毁。 1912年，它被重建为清朝（1644-1912）的最后一幕。

In 1888, the Summer Palace was given its present-day Chinese name, Yihe Yuan, and served as a summer resort for the Empress Dowager Cixi. In 1900, it was destroyed by the Allied Forces of the Eight Powers. In 1912, it was rebuilt as one of the final acts of the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912).

4-凯瑟琳·卡尔（Katharine Carl）是美国肖像画家和作家。她在美国，欧洲和亚洲创作了著名的皇家人物的画作。 Katharine Carl was an American portrait painter and author. She made paintings of notable and royal people in the United States, Europe and Asia.

Pingki, Tanchangya

1.中国的建筑艺术是中华文明树上一个特别美丽的分支。 木柱梁，门和接缝组成了房屋的框架。

China's architectural art is a particularly beautiful branch in the tree of Chinese Civilization. Wooden posts beams, lintels and joints make up the framework of a house.

2.这个颐和园是北京的湖泊，花园，宝塔，大厅和宫殿的大集合。 那是清朝的御花园。

This summer palace is a vast ensemble of lakes, gardens, pagodas,halls and palaces in Beijing. It was an Imperial Gardens in the Qing dynasty.

3.中国园林风格是一道风景线，在中国文化中源远流长。 那里既有中国皇帝的广阔花园，又有为娱乐而建的皇室成员。

The Chinese Garden style is a landscape, It has a long history in Chinese culture. Where includes both the vast Gardens of the Chinese Emperors And members of the Imperial family built for pleasure.--PINGKI TANCHANGYA 4 (talk) 03:19, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

Qu Miao 瞿淼

1.中国自古地大物博，建筑艺术源远流长。不同地域其建筑艺术风格等各有差异，但其传统建筑的组群布局、空间、结构、建筑材料及装饰艺术等方面却有着共同的特点，区别于西方，享誉全球。

China, a country vast in territory and rich in resources, boasts a long history of architecture art. Architectures in different regions are different in artistic style, but have something in common in complex arrangement, space, structure, building material and decorative art. Distinguished from western architecture, Chinese architecture is well-known around the world.--Qu Miao (talk) 09:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国传统园林集色、香、韵于一身，自古以来便给人们提供了一个休闲纳凉的好去处，对中国文化传承具有重要意义。

Chinese traditional garden combines pleasing colors with fragrance and charm. It offers a good place for people to take leisure activities and enjoy the cool, and is significant for Chinese traditional cultural inheritance.--Qu Miao (talk) 09:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese traditional garden combines pleasing colors with fragrance and charm. Since ancient times, It has offered a good place for people to take leisure activities and enjoy the cool, which contributes a lot to the inheritance of Chinese traditional culture.--Xu Jia (talk) 12:24, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

3.颐和园位于北京市西北部海淀区,距市中心约15公里,原为清代的行宫花园,其名为“颐养太和”之义。园中的长廊、石舫、佛香阁、宝云阁、大戏楼、十七孔桥、玉带桥等建筑堪称世界建筑文化中的珍品。

The Summer Palace is located in Haidian District, northwest of Beijing, and it’s about 15 kilometers away from downtown. As a former palace garden of the Qing dynasty, it’s name means “keep supreme harmony”. Many buildings in the garden, including the Long Corridor，Marble Boat，Pavilion of the Fragrance of Buddha, Tower of Precious Cloud, Grand Opera Tower, Seventeen Arch Bridge and Jade Belt Bridge, can be called as world architecture art treasures.--Qu Miao (talk) 09:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

4.美国女画家凯瑟琳·卡尔（1858——1938），中文译作柯(克姑娘)。20世纪初曾创了两项空前绝后的世界性纪录：她是惟一在中国官廷之内一连呆了很长时间的外国人，又是惟一替尚健在的中国后妃画过肖像的人。

American female painter Katharine Carl(1858-1938), whose Chinese name was Ke( Miss Ke), had set up two world records: she was the only foreigner who stayed in the palace for a very long time, and also the only one who pained portraits for Chinese imperial concubines who were still alive at that time.--Qu Miao (talk) 09:06, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

American female painter Katharine Carl(1858-1938), whose Chinese name was Ke( Miss Ke), had set up two unparalleled world records in early 20 century: she was the only foreigner who stayed in the Chinese palace for a very long time, and also the only one who pained portraits for Chinese imperial concubines who were still alive at that time.--Kang Haoyu (talk) 13:30, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Rajabov, Anushervon

1. The Chinese garden has a long history.

中国园林历史悠久。

2. China has a long history and a rich cultural heritage.

中国历史悠久，文化底蕴深厚。

3. The park is the most beautiful part of the Summer Palace.

公园是颐和园最美丽的部分.

4. Carl describes Cixi as a kind and considerate woman for her station.

卡尔将慈溪形容为一个善良而体贴的女士。--RAJABOV ANUSHERVON 10 (talk) 13:14, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Seydou, Sagara

1The architecture of the dwelling-houses is exceedingly heavy, giving them the appearance of great age.

1住宅的建筑非常沉重，使它们看起来很老旧.

2The little girl pretended that the tiny ceramic gnome in her garden protected the vegetables from hungry neighborhood cats.

2小女孩假装她花园里的陶瓷小侏儒保护蔬菜免受饥饿的邻家猫的侵害.

3In December 1998, UNESCO included the Summer Palace on its World Heritage List. It declared the Summer Palace "a masterpiece of Chinese landscape garden design.

3 1998年12月，联合国教科文组织将颐和园列入其世界遗产名录。 它宣布颐和园“是中国园林设计的杰作.--Sagara Seydou 3 (talk) 13:24, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Shi Haiyao 石海瑶

1.四合院，又称四合房，是中国的一种传统合院式建筑，其格局为一个院子四面建有房屋，从四面将庭院合围在中间，故名四合院。

Quadrangle, also known as Sihefang, is a traditional Chinese courtyard architecture, its pattern is a courtyard built on all sides of houses, with courtyard enclosed in it, so it is named Siheyuan.--Shi Haiyao (talk) 12:11, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.苏州古典园林历史绵延2000余年，在世界造园史上有其独特的历史地位和价值，她以写意山水的高超艺术手法，蕴含浓厚的中国传统思想和文化内涵，展示东方文明的造园艺术典范。

With a history of more than 2000 years, the Classical Gardens of Suzhou boast unique historical status and value in the history of world gardening. With the superb artistic technique of freehand brushwork, it contains strong Chinese traditional thoughts and cultural connotation to display the model of oriental civilization gardening art.--Shi Haiyao (talk) 12:11, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。

The Summer Palace was the paramount political and diplomatic activity center of imperator of the late Qing Dynasty except the Forbidden City. It was an important witness of modern Chinese history and the site of many historical events.--Shi Haiyao (talk) 12:11, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Si Yu 司妤

1.清代的都城北京城基本保持了明朝时的原状，城内共有20座高大、雄伟的城门，气势最为磅礴的是内城的正阳门。因沿用了明代的帝王宫殿，清代帝王兴建了大规模的皇家园林，这些园林建筑是清代建筑的精华，其中包括华美的圆明园与颐和园。 Beijing city, the capital in the Qing Dynasty kept what it was in the previous dynasty. It had 20 towering and impressive gates, among which the most imposing one was Zhengyang Gate in inner areas. To match with the imperial palace inherited from the Ming Dynasty, Qing emperors built large-scale imperial gardens, which were the essence of Qing architecture and included the magnificent Summer Palace.--Si Yu (talk) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2.屋顶花园不但降温隔热效果优良，而且能美化环境、净化空气、改善局部小气候，还能丰富城市的俯仰景观，大大提高了城市的绿化覆盖率，是一种值得大力推广的屋面形式。 A roof garden can not only efficiently lower temperatures and insulate heat, but also can beautify the environment, purify air and improve climate in some areas. Also, it adds to the views of cities and largely increases the plantation covering rate of cities. It is a form of roof that worths promoting.--Si Yu (talk) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。 The Summer Palace is the most important political and diplomatic center of the highest governor of the late Qing Dynasty apart from the Forbidden City. And it witnessed China’s history and a lot of historical events.--Si Yu (talk) 14:33, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Tan Yuanyuan 谭媛媛

1.从古代文献记载、绘画中的古建筑一直到现存的古建筑来看，中国古代建筑在平面布局方面有一种简明的组织规律，就是每一处住宅、宫殿、官衙、寺庙等建筑，都是由若干座建筑和一些围廊、围墙之类环绕成一个个庭院而组成的。 From the ancient buildings recorded in ancient documents and paintings to the existing ancient buildings, there is a concise organizational law in the layout of ancient Chinese buildings, that is, every house, palace, official office, temple and other buildings are surrounded by courtyards built by a number of buildings and a number of corridors,walls,etc .--Tan Yuanyuan (talk) 09:21, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2.园林意境这个概念的思想渊源可以追溯到东晋到唐宋年间。当时的文艺思潮是崇尚自然，出现了山水诗、山水画和山水游记。 The ideological origin of the concept of garden artistic conception can be traced back to the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the Tang and Song Dynasties. At that time, the literary and artistic trend was advocating nature, so the landscape poems, landscape paintings, and landscape travel notes appeared.--Tan Yuanyuan (talk) 09:21, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园是中国风景园林设计创意艺术的杰出表达，体现了天人合一的和谐理念。 The Summer Palace in Beijing is an outstanding expression of the creative art of Chinese landscape garden design, incorporating the works of humankind and nature in  a harmonious whole.--Tan Yuanyuan (talk) 09:21, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The summer palace is an outstanding expression of creative art of Chinese landscape architecture design, which embodies the harmonious concept of harmony between man and nature.--Luo Yuqing (talk) 02:49, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Tang Bei 汤蓓

1.北京有无数的胡同。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅是展示平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4~10个家庭的差不多20口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。

In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity.--Tang Bei (talk) 02:47, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国园林是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观。它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的和谐关系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。

After 3000 years of evolvement, Chinese gardens have become a unique landscape. This includes both large gardens built as entertainment venues for royal family, and private gardens built as secluded retreats for scholars, merchants and retired government officials. These gardens have constituted a miniature that is designed in praise of the harmony between man and nature. A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by walls and consists of various buildings linked by winding trails and corridors, with ponds, rockeries, tree, and flowers scattered in it. --Tang Bei (talk) 02:47, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园位于北京西郊，始建于清朝，是中国规模最大、保存最完好的皇家园林之一。1860年颐和园在战争中遭到严重破坏，1886年开始在原址重修。自1911年清王朝灭亡后，颐和园作为公园一直对外开放。颐和园主要由万寿山和昆明湖组成，园内由宫殿、庙宇、长廊、石桥等100多处富有民族特色的古典建筑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”。颐和园内的人工景观与自然山峦、宁静的湖水和谐地融为一体，向游客展示了一幅优美的山水画卷。

Situated in the western suburbs of Beijing, the Summer Palace, originally constructed in the Qing Dynasty, is one of the largest and best-preserved imperial gardens in China. It was badly damaged during the war in 1860 and the restoration in its original site began in 1886. Since Qing Dynasty collapsed in 1911, the Summer Palace has been open to the public as a park. Mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kuming Lake, the Summer Palace is honored as the “Imperial Garden Museum”,with more than 100 classical architectures of ethnic features inside the garden, such as palaces, temples, long corridors and stone bridges. Thee artificial landscape inside the Summer Palace is harmoniously combined with natural hills and peaceful lakes, displaying a beautiful picture of landscape to tourists.--Tang Bei (talk) 02:47, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

Tang Yiran 汤伊然

1、亭台楼阁，池馆水榭，映在青松翠柏之中；假山怪石，花坛盆景，藤萝翠竹，点缀其间。

Among the pines and cypresses are waterside pavilions and towers, with rockeries, flower beds and bonsai, vines and bamboos, dotted with them.--Tang Yiran1 (talk) 13:50, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2.大殿的四周，古树参天，绿树成荫，红墙黄瓦，金碧辉煌。

With resplendent red walls and yellow tiles, the hall is surrounded by a dense crowd of ancient trees giving green shade.--Tang Yiran1 (talk) 13:50, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3.朱红的宫墙。一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑耸立在半山腰上，黄色的琉璃瓦闪闪发光，这就是古香古色的佛香阁。

Outside the vermillion red palace walls, there is an octagonal pagoda-shaped three-story building stands halfway up the mountainside, yellow glazed tiles glittering. This is the antique Pavilion of Buddhist Incense.--Tang Yiran1 (talk) 13:50, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Wang Meiling 王美玲

1.中式风格是一种以宫廷建筑为代表的中国古典建筑的室内装饰设计艺术风格，气势恢弘、壮丽华贵、高空间、大进深、金碧辉煌。雕梁画柱造型讲究对称，色彩讲究对比，装饰材料以木材为主，图案多龙、凤、龟、狮等。但中式风格的装修造价较高，且缺乏现代气息，只能在家居中点缀使用。

Chinese style is a kind of art style of interior decoration design of Chinese classical architecture represented by palace architecture, which is of magnificence and splendor with high space and intensive depth. The carved beams and painted columns focus on the symmetry and its color stresses the contrast, whose decoration material is mainly the wood and patterns are many dragons, phoenixes, turtles, lions and so on. But the decoration cost of Chinese style is rather high. Due to its lack of modern breath, it can only be used in home decoration.--Wang Meiling (talk) 02:32, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

2.拙政园位于苏州城东北隅，截至2014年，仍是苏州存在的最大的古典园林，占地78亩。全园以水为中心，山水萦绕，厅榭精美，花木繁茂，具有浓郁的江南水乡特色。花园分为东、中、西三部分，东花园开阔疏朗，中花园是全园精华所在，西花园建筑精美。

By 2014, Humble Administrator’s Garden,located in the northeast corner of Suzhou city, has still been the largest classical garden there with an area of 78 acres. The park stands with water as its center surrounded by landscape, where there are hall pavilions are exquisite, lush Flowers and trees, with a intensive features of Jiangnan Water. The garden is divided into east, middle and west Parts:the East is open and exclusive,the Middle Garden the essence of the garden and the west elegant buildings.--Wang Meiling (talk) 02:32, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

3.1949年，中华人民共和国成立后，中国政府十分重视圆明园遗址的保护，先后将其列为公园用地和重点文物保护单位。在“文化大革命”中，遗址虽然遭到过一些破坏，但它毕竟被保住了：整个圆明园的水系山形和园林格局依然存在，近半数的土地成为绿化地带。十几万株树木蔚然成林，多数建筑基址尚可找到，数十处假山叠石仍然可见，西洋楼遗址的石雕残迹颇引人注目。

After the founding of the people's Republic of China in 1949, the Chinese government attached great importance to the protection of the site of Yuanmingyuan Garden, which was listed as park land and key cultural relics protection unit. During the "Cultural Revolution", although the site suffered some damage, it was preserved after all: the whole water mountain shape and garden pattern still exist. Nearly half of the land has become green belt. Hundreds of thousands of trees grow into lush forests. Most of the building sites and dozens of rockeries and stones are still visible. The remains of stone carvings in the Western tower site are quite noticeable and attractive.--Wang Meiling (talk) 02:32, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the Chinese government attached great importance to the protection of the site of Yuanming Garden, which was listed as a park and as a 'key cultural relics protection unit'. During the "Great Cultural Revolution", although the site suffered some damage, it was preserved after all: the whole shape of waters and mountains and the garden patterns still exist. Nearly half of the land has become part of the green belt. Hundreds of thousands of trees grow into lush forests. Most of the building sites and dozens of rockeries and stacked stones are still visible. The remains of stone carvings in the Western tower site are quite noticeable and attractive.--Root (talk) 08:09, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

Wang Xuan 王轩

整个故宫规模宏大，极为壮观。仅以宫殿的核心部分紫禁城为例，它东西长760米，南北长960米，占地72万多平方米。

The whole palace museum is grand and spectacular. Take the Forbidden City, the core part of the palace, as an example. It is 760 meters long from east to west, 960 meters long from north to south, covering an area of more than 720000 square meters.--Wang Xuan (talk) 09:58, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

The whole Palace Museum is grand and spectacular. Just take the Forbidden City, the core part of the palace, as an example. It is 760 meters long from east to west and 960 meters long from north to south, covering an area of more than 720,000 square meters.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 10:52, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

古典园林中国现存的著名古典园林数量不少，多数是明、清两代的遗物。中国古典园林因受长期封建社会历史条件的限制，绝大部分是封闭的，即园林的四周都有围墙，景物藏于园内。

There are many famous classical gardens in China, most of them are relics of Ming and Qing Dynasties.Restricted by the long-term feudal social and historical conditions, most of the Chinese classical gardens are closed, that is, the gardens are surrounded by walls and the scenery is hidden in the garden.--Wang Xuan (talk) 09:58, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

There are many famous classical gardens existing in China, most of which are relics of Ming and Qing Dynasties.Restricted by the long-term feudal society and historical conditions, most of the Chinese classical gardens are closed, that is, the gardens are surrounded by walls and the scenery is hidden in the garden.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 10:52, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

2007年5月8日，颐和园经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区。 2009年，颐和园入选中国世界纪录协会中国现存最大的皇家园林。

On May 8th, 2007, the summer palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A tourist attraction. In 2009, the summer palace was selected as the largest royal garden in China by the China World Records Association.--Wang Xuan (talk) 09:58, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

On May 8th, 2007, the Summer Palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction. In 2009, the summer palace was selected as the largest existing royal garden in China by the China World Records Association.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 10:52, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

Wu Qiong 吴琼

1. 故宫前部宫殿，当时建筑造型要求宏伟壮丽，庭院明朗开阔，象征封建政权至高无上，太和殿坐落在紫禁城对角线的中心，四角上各有十只吉祥瑞兽。 At that time, the front palace of the Forbidden City required a magnificent architectural style, its courtyard should be bright and wide, to symbolize the supremacy of the feudal regime. The Hall of Supreme Harmony was located in the center of the diagonal line of the Forbidden City, with ten auspicious beasts on each corner.

2. 苏州园林博物馆以造园工具、陈设家具、建筑构建等实物为主要载体展示园林的传统造园工艺，并运用了现代科技手段展示古典园林的艺术魅力。 The Suzhou Garden Museum uses garden tools, furnishings, architectural construction and other physical objects as the main carrier to display the traditional gardening crafts of the garden, and uses modern technology to show the artistic charm of classical gardens.

3. 颐和园是晚清最高统治者在紫禁城之外最重要的政治和外交活动中心，是中国近代历史的重要见证与诸多重大历史事件的发生地。 The Summer Palace was the most important center of political and diplomatic activities outside the Forbidden City by the supreme ruler of the late Qing Dynasty. It was an important witness of modern Chinese history and the place where many major historical events occurred.--WuQiong (talk) 08:51, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

1. The palaces in the front of Forbidden City were required to be majestic and wide, representing the supreme status of feudal regime. Taihe Palace is set in the center of diagonal line of the Palace, with ten auspicious beasts at its each four corners.

2. Suzhou Garden Museum belongs to the traditional art which based on tools, furniture and construction, which also applies modern technology to show its charm.

3. Summer Palace is the most important political and diplomatic center outside Forbidden City in Late Qing Dynasty for leaders, which is also the place witnessing many historical events in modern China. --Yang chenting (talk) 02:36, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

Wu Yilu 吴一露

1.中国传统建筑的第四个特点，体现了“天人合一”的思想，这一思想恰恰与现代人“回归大自然”的欲望相吻合。可见，重山林风水的传统思想必将在现代建筑设计中得以发扬、发展，以创造优美的建筑环境，实现大自然的回归。

The fourth characteristic of Chinese traditional architecturereflects the thought of "unity of man and nature", which is exactly consistent with the desire of modern people to "return to nature". It can be seen that the traditional thought which emphasizes “Fengshui”( Geomatics Omen) will be carried forward and developed in modern architectural design, so as to create a beautiful architectural environment and realize the return of nature.--Wu Yilu (talk) 03:41, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2.园林是与园林环境及自然景致充分结合的建筑，它可以最大限度地利用自然地形及环境的有利条件。中国古典园林一般以自然山水作为景观构图的主题，建筑只为观赏风景和点缀风景而设置。

Gardens is the full combination of garden environment and natural scenery, which can take most advantages of the natural terrain and environment. Chinese classical gardens generally take natural mountains and rivers as the theme of landscape composition, while buildings are set only for appreciating and embellishing the scenery.--Wu Yilu (talk) 03:41, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园占地面积达293公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成。各种形式的宫殿园林建筑3000余间，大致可分为行政、生活、游览三个部分。

Covering an area of 293 hectares, the Summer Palace is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3000 palaces and gardens in various forms, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration, life and sightseeing.--Wu Yilu (talk) 03:41, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

1.中国传统建筑的第四个特点，体现了“天人合一”的思想，这一思想恰恰与现代人“回归大自然”的欲望相吻合。可见，重山林风水的传统思想必将在现代建筑设计中得以发扬、发展，以创造优美的建筑环境，实现大自然的回归。

The fourth characteristic of Chinese traditional architecture embodies the phylosophy of "unity of man and nature", which is exactly consistent with the desire of modern people to "return to nature". It can be seen that the traditional thought which emphasizes “Fengshui”( Geomatics Omen) will be carried forward and developed in modern architectural design, so as to create a beautiful architectural environment and realize the return of nature.--Wang Meiling (talk) 02:39, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

2.园林是与园林环境及自然景致充分结合的建筑，它可以最大限度地利用自然地形及环境的有利条件。中国古典园林一般以自然山水作为景观构图的主题，建筑只为观赏风景和点缀风景而设置。

Gardens is the adequate combination of garden environment and natural scenery, which can make most of the natural terrain and environment. Chinese classical gardens generally take natural mountains and rivers as the theme of landscape composition, while buildings are set only for appreciating and embellishing the scenery.--Wang Meiling (talk) 02:39, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园占地面积达293公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成。各种形式的宫殿园林建筑3000余间，大致可分为行政、生活、游览三个部分。

With an area of 293 hectares, the Summer Palace mainly consists of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3000 palaces and gardens in various forms, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration, life and sightseeing.--Wang Meiling (talk) 02:39, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

Wu Zijia 吴子佳

1.第一座中国风格的建筑主要建于黄河流域附近

1.The first communities that can be identified culturally as Chinese were settled chiefly in the basin of the Huang He (Yellow River).

2.苏州园林建筑群位于中国江苏省苏州市，现已被列为联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。

2. The Classical Gardens of Suzhou are a group of gardens in Suzhou region, Jiangsu province, China, which have been added to the UNESCO World Heritage List.

2. Located in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China, the Suzhou garden complex is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.--Yang Hairong (talk) 13:01, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 18世纪乾隆皇帝对颐和园进行了大规模扩建与翻修，此前颐和园一直是一座皇家园林

3.The domain had long been a royal garden before being considerably enlarged and embellished by Emperor Qianlong in the 18th century.--Wu Zijia (talk) 11:06, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Wu Zijia

Xiao Shuangling 肖双玲

1.中国传统建筑，论其结构，不论是皇家的宫苑，还是散见于各地的各类型的建筑，包括民居，其结构特点在世界古代建筑史中都是独一无二的。

In terms of the structure of traditional Chinese architecture, it is unique in the history of ancient architecture in the world, whether it is royal palaces or various types of architecture scattered in various places, including residential buildings.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 09:51, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

The structure of traditional Chinese architecture is unique in the history of ancient architecture in the world, seen in royol palaces as well as various types of architecture scattered in various places, including residential buildings.--Wang Xuan (talk) 13:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

2.中国古典园林因受长期封建社会历史条件的限制，绝大部分是封闭的，即园林的四周都有围墙，景物藏于园内。

Due to the constraints of long-term feudal society and historical conditions, Chinese classical gardens are mostly closed, that is, the gardens are surrounded by walls and the scenery is hidden in the gardens.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 09:51, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

Restricted by the long-term feudal society and historical conditions, most of the Chinese classical gardens are closed, that is, the gardens are surrounded by walls and the scenery is hidden in the garden.--Luo Yuqing (talk) 02:44, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese classical gardens are mostly closed for the constraints of long term feudual society and historical conditions. Therefore, the gardens are surrounded by walls and the scenery is hidden in the gardens.--Wang Xuan (talk) 13:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

3.颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园。

The Summer Palace, announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, along with the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator's Garden, and Lingering Garden, which were announced at the same time, was called China's four famous gardens.--Xiao Shuangling (talk) 09:51, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Shuangling

The summer palace has been announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, together with Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator's Garden, and Lingering Garden. These four gardens are known as the four famous gardens in China. --Zhang Ling (talk) 12:51, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace, announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, along with the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator's Garden, and Lingering Garden, all announced at the same time, was called China's four famous gardens.--Wang Xuan (talk) 13:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Wang Xuan

Xiao Ting 肖婷

1.庭院是建筑的基本单位，它既是封闭的，又是开放的；既是人工的，又是自然的，可以俯植花草树木，仰观风云日月，成为古人“天人合一”观念的又一表现，也体现了中国人既含蓄内向，又开拓进取的民族性格。

The courtyard ,both closed and open,both artificial and natural,is the basic unit of architecture, in which you can enjoy flowers and trees, look up to the wind, clouds, sun and moon. It not only becomes an expression of the concept "harmony of the nature and man" , but also reflects that Chinese people are both subtle and introverted, and have pioneering national character.

2.设计者和匠师们因地制宜，自出心裁，修建成功的园林当然各各不同。可是苏州各个园林在不同之中有个共同点，似乎设计者和匠师们一致追求的是：务必使游览者无论站在哪个点上，眼前总是一幅美丽的图画。

The successful gardens in Suzhou were of course different from each other, as the designers and craftsmen had their own ideas for the gardens. It seems that the designers and craftsmen were unanimous in their desire to make sure that no matter where the visitor stood, there was always a beautiful picture in front of him.

3.卡尔在京期间，除绘制送往美国的慈禧肖像外，还为慈禧另外画了一些画像。这些画像现收藏在北京故宫博物院。在宫中的日子里，卡尔还画了许多素描，将她看到的宫廷生活场景、光绪后妃、宫女及达官贵人记录下来。与人们从照片上看到的不同，卡尔所画的隆裕皇后很俏丽。

When Carl was in Beijing ，she painted several portraits for Cixi except for the one which should be sent to America.Many of these paintings are collected in Beijing Palace Museum.During her stay at the Forbidden city，she also made sketchs to record the palace life and people like miads，concubines of the late imperor Guangxu and high officals.Unlike the pictures of Queen Liongyu，the portraits of her from Carl were quite beautiful.

4.山区多处园林解放前多遭破坏，但山区景物依旧迷人，在亭子上远眺，山庄的各风景点，山庄外的几座大庙，以及承德市区，周围山上的奇峰怪石。

Many of the gardens in the mountain area were destroyed before the liberation, but the mountain scenery is still charming, and the pavilion overlooks the various scenic spots of the mountain resort, and the several large temples outside the mountain resort, as well as the city of Chengde, and the stangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formation on the surrounding hills.--Xiao Ting (talk) 03:56, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

Xie Fan 解帆

1.中国建筑中常用的琉璃材料，寿命长，颜色鲜艳，在阳光下耀眼夺目。其较高的成本，象征着财富和地位。

The coloured glazed commonly used in Chinese architecture are of long life and bright colors, dazzling in the sun. Its high cost stands for wealth and status.--XieFan (talk) 03:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.江南园林甲天下，苏州园林甲江南。

Gardens on the Yangtze Delta are the best in China, and among them the gardens of Suzhou are the best.--XieFan (talk) 03:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园是以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林，也是保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”。

The Summer Palace is a large landscape garden based on the West Lake in Hangzhou, drawing on the design techniques of Gardens on the Yangtze Delta. It is the most complete preserved royal garden as well, known as the "Royal Garden Forest Museum".--XieFan (talk) 03:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Xu Jia 徐佳

1.中国和西方都宣扬“君权神授”，但西方更强调的是“神授”，中国更强调的是“君权”。这种区别在建筑上也得以体现：一直以来在西方，庙宇和教堂都是主流建筑；中国则始终以宫殿和都城为重心，宗教寺观处于次要地位。

Unlike Christianity in the West, Buddhism doesn't take a dominant position as a social thought in China. Although both China and the West advocated the doctrine of divine right of kings, the former placed more stress on the divine right of nature and the latter on the right of kings. This difference can be found in architecture: for a long time in the West, temples and churches were the mainstream of buildings; in China, however, palaces and capital cities took primacy over religious buildings.--Xu Jia (talk) 11:56, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

2. 万象昭辉是北京园的最高点，拾阶而上，登上高处，园内的方池、书楼、廊榭、亭台、石桥，尽收眼底；放眼园外，可看见京石铁路上的高铁列车飞驰而过，仿佛预示着繁荣的过去与快速发展的今天。

The two-storey tower is in the highest position of the park and offers a full view of the pools, corridors, pavilions and stone bridges inside the park. Outside, high-speed trains flash by along the Beijing-Shijiazhuang Railway, which are a reminder of past prosperity and current rapid development.--Xu Jia (talk) 11:56, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

3. 颐和园是中国的造园思想和实践的集中体现，而这种思想和实践对整个东方园林艺术文化形式的发展起了关键性的作用。

The Summer Palace epitomizes the philosophy and practice of Chinese garden design, which played a key role in the development of this cultural form throughout the east.--Xu Jia (talk) 11:56, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

The summer palace is the concentrated embodiment of Chinese gardening philosophy and practice, which played a key role in the development of this cultural form throughout the east. --Yu Ni (talk) 07:15, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 据《清宫二年记》记载，慈禧每年到秋菊傲霜怒放时，总要摘大朵的菊放入枕袋，置头下就寝。

According to Records of the Second Year of the Qing Dynasty, every year when the autumn chrysanthemum was in full bloom, Cixi would pick large ones and put them into a pillow bag, and went to sleep with it under her head.--Xu Jia (talk) 11:56, 6 November 2020 (UTC)Xu Jia

Xu Jing 许静

1. 中国建筑艺术，讲究大门、大窗、大进深、大屋檐，视野开阔，直通自然，充分体现“天人合一”的思想。四角飞檐翘起，或扑朔欲飞，或耸立欲飘，让凝固显得欲动。

Chinese architectural art emphasizes large gates, large windows, great depths, and large eaves, with a wide field of vision and direct access to nature, fully reflecting the idea of "unity of nature and man". The four corners of the eaves are raised, or fluttering to fly, or towering to float, appearing to be dynamic in a static state.--Xu Jing (talk) 05:35, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 中国园林艺术着重意境的塑造，园林中的山水、植被、建筑以及其组成空间关系，不仅是一种物质环境，而且创造了一种精神氛围。

Chinese garden art focuses on the shaping of the mood. The landscape, vegetation, architecture and spacial arrangement in the garden constitute not only to a physical environment, but also to a spiritual atmosphere.--Xu Jing (talk) 05:35, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese garden art focuses on the shaping of the mood, the landscape, vegetation, architecture and its constituent spatial relationships in the garden are not only a physical environment, but also create a spiritual atmosphere.--Tan Yuanyuan (talk) 09:25, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 颐和园整体布局以万寿山、昆明湖为主体，湖光山色中亭台楼阁、廊榭舫桥、庙堂殿宇等人文建筑与自然山水艺术地融为一体，恢弘大气、富丽堂皇，在世界园林史上独树一帜。

Wanshou Mountain, Kunming Lake are the main body of the Summer Palace. Amid natural landscape are the pavilions, galleries, bridges, temples and other humanistic architecture. They mix together to be magnificent and splendid, unique in the history of the world's gardens.--Xu Jing (talk) 05:35, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Yang Chenting 杨晨婷

1. 传统建筑的特点是具有民族色彩和地方色彩。中国传统建筑正是中国历史悠久的传统文化和民族特色的最精彩、最直观的传承载体和表现形式。

Traditional architecture is with national and local characteristics. Chinese traditional architecture is the most interesting and direct entity and form of traditional culture and national features in Chinese long history.

Traditional architecture is characterized by its national and local flavors. Chinese Traditionalarchitecture is the most spectacular and intuitive carrier and expression of China's long-established culture and national characteristics.--Xiao Ting (talk) 04:24, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

2. 我国的园林艺术，如果从殷、周时代算起，到现在为止已有三千多年的历史，是世界园林艺术起源最早的国家之一，在世界园林史上占有极重要的位置，并具有极其高超的艺术水平和独特的民族风格。

Since Yin and Zhou Period, Chinese garden art has more than three thousand history. China is one of the earliest countries to start garden arts, playing an essential role in the world, which embodies with high art level and unique national styles.

3. 颐和园占地面积达293公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成。各种形式的宫殿园林建筑3000余间，大致可分为行政、生活、游览三个部分。 The land area of Summer Palace is 293 hectares, mainly consisting of two parts—Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Mountain. There are over 3000 garden buildings with different styles.

Covering an area of 293 hectares,the Summer Palace is mainly composed of two parts: Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3,000 buildings of various forms of palaces and gardens, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration areas, living areas and sightseeing areas.--Xiao Ting (talk) 04:24, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Xiao Ting

4. 美国女画家凯瑟琳·卡尔（1858——1938），中文译作柯姑娘。20世纪初曾创了两项世界性纪录：她是惟一在中国官廷之内一连呆了很长时间的外国人，又是惟一替尚健在的中国后妃画过肖像的人。

American female painter Katherine Carl (1858-1938), called Keguniang(柯姑娘) in Chinese. In 20th century, she had made two world record—the first is that she’s the only foreigner who had stayed in palace for a long time. The second is that she’s the one who painted for concubines, who is still alive. --Yang chenting (talk) 02:15, 7 November 2020 (UTC)Yang Chenting

Yang Hairong 杨海容

1.就整体而言，重要建筑大都采用均衡对称的方式，以庭院为单元，沿着纵轴线与横轴线进行设计，借助于建筑群体的有机组合和烘托，使主体建筑显得格外宏伟壮丽。民居及风景园林则采用了“因天时，就地利”的灵活布局方式。 On the whole, most important buildings adopt a balanced and symmetrical approach, with courtyards as units, along the vertical and horizontal axes, and with the help of the organic combination and contrast of the building groups, and the main buildings appear extraordinarily magnificent. The residential buildings and landscape gardens have adopted the flexible layout of "convenient in place according to the weather".--Yang Hairong (talk) 12:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.苏州园林占地面积小，采用变换无穷、不拘一格的艺术手法，以中国山水花鸟的情趣，寓唐诗宋词的意境，在有限的空间内点缀假山、树木，安排亭台楼阁、池塘小桥。 Suzhou gardens occupies a small area, adopts infinitely varied and eclectic artistic techniques, embodies the artistic conception of Tang poetry and Song poetry with the taste of Chinese landscapes, flowers and birds, embellishes rockeries and trees in a limited space, and arranges pavilions, ponds and bridges.--Yang Hairong (talk) 12:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.与中央建筑群的纵向轴线相呼应的是横贯山麓、沿湖北岸东西逶迤的“长廊”，共273间，全长728米，这是中国园林中最长的游廊。 Corresponding to the longitudinal axis of the central building complex is the promenade that traverses the foothills and runs from east to west along the northern shore. There are 273 corridors with a total length of 728 meters. This is the longest corridor in Chinese gardens.

Yang Hui 阳慧

其中，秦朝修建的秦始皇陵及长城、隋朝修建的赵州桥、明清两朝的帝王宫殿紫禁城等至今还在向世人展示着中国古代建筑艺术的独特魅力。

Among them, the Qin Dynasty built the Imperial Tomb and the Great Wall, Sui Dynasty built the Zhaozhou Bridge, the Ming and Qing dynasties imperial palace Forbidden City, and so on are still showing the world the unique charm of ancient Chinese architectural art.

中国的造园艺术，以追求自然精神境界为最终和最高目的，从而达到“虽由人作，宛自天开”的审美旨趣。

China's garden art, to pursue the natural spiritual realm as the ultimate and highest goal, so as to achieve the " though by human, Wan from heaven " aesthetic purport.

Chinese gardening design is pursuing a natural spiritual space as its ultimate and highest goal, so as to reach the aesthetic principle "The works of men should match the works of Heaven".--Gui Yizhi (talk) 06:25, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

颐和园依山傍水，有万寿山和昆明湖，山光水色，交相辉映，入春后，鲜花盛开，绿树成荫，景色诱人。

The Summer Palace is surrounded by mountains and rivers. It has Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. The mountains are bright with water.--YangHui (talk) 12:24, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace is surrounded by mountains and waters, which mainly consist of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. The landscape of lakes and mountains add radiance and beauty to each other. When it goes into spring, there will be an attractive scenery with beautiful flowers in blossom and a dense growth of green trees.--Gui Yizhi (talk) 06:25, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

Yang Yue 杨悦

1、中国建筑体系是以木结构为特色的建筑艺术。传统建筑叫种屋顶造型、飞檐翼角、斗拱彩画、朱柱金顶、内外装修门及园林景物等，充分体现出中国建筑艺术的纯熟和感染力。

Chinese architecture is an independent art featuring wooden structures. It consists of various roof molding, upturned eaves and wings, dougong with paintings, vermillion pillars and golden roofs, ornament gates and gardening. All of these embody the maturity and artistic appeal of Chinese architecture.--Yang Yue (talk) 13:54, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

2、中国园林是建筑艺术的一种形式，它在本质上旨在通过所谓的园林四要素组织富于性情与乐趣并充满意境的环境，这种环境包括假山、河流、建筑和植物，也包括有机组成部分，比如道路、室内环境。

Chinese garden is one of the important types of architectural art. It is essentially aimed at organizing an environment rich in temperament and interest and full of the beauty of artistic conception through the so-called four gardening elements including mountains, rivers, structures and plants, as well as the organic components such as roads, interior settings.--Yang Yue (talk) 13:54, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

3、颐和园主景区由万寿山、昆明湖组成，全园占地2.9平方公里，水面约占四分之三。

The Summer Palace, dominated mainly by Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake, covers an area of 2.9 square kilometers, three quarters of which is under water.--Yang Yue (talk) 13:54, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Covering an area of 2.9 square kilometers，the Summer Palace is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake， three quarters of which is under water.--Wu Yilu (talk) 05:17, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Yang Ziling 杨子泠

1. 北京故宫是世界上现存规模最大、保存最为完整的木质结构古建筑之一，是国家AAAAA级旅游景区， 1961年被列为第一批全国重点文物保护单位。

The Forbidden City in Beijing is one of the largest and best-preserved ancient wooden structures in the world. It is a national AAAAA-level tourist attraction and was listed as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units in 1961.--Yang Ziling (talk) 01:05, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 北方园林，因地域宽广，所以范围较大；又因大多为白郡所在，所以建筑富丽堂皇。

The northern gardens occupies a large area because of their widely-spread; and because most of them are located in the White County, the buildings are magnificent.--Yang Ziling (talk) 01:05, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。

The Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. It was also called the Four Famous Gardens in China along with the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator's Garden, and Lingering Garden. It was included in the "World Heritage List" in November 1998.--Yang Ziling (talk) 01:05, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

Yi Zichu 义子楚

1. 中国人建造园林有两千多年的历史，主要有皇家园林，寺院园林和私家园林。 Chinese people started to build gardens more than 2000 tears ago, mainly including three styles of garden: the imperial garden, the temple garden and the private garden 2.今天， 在江南和长江沿岸的苏州，扬州等地所见的私家园林多是明清两代留下的，它们如同一幅幅山水画，展现出独特的魅力 While among the Chinese gardens, the private gardens have a unique ambience, scattered in south of the Yangtze River and Suzhou, Yangzhou and other places along the Yangtze River , the private garden are mostly legacies from the Ming and Qing Dynasties. 3， 中国园林艺术有丰富独特的创造，是理解中华民族美感特点的一个重要领域 Rich and unique creativity could be found in Chinese garden, which is an important field to understand Chinese architecture.

You Yuting 游雨婷

1.古建筑是一座城市的记忆，是城市历史的见证者，它承载着这座城市的文化积淀。一旦损毁，文物本体及其承载的历史文化信息都将不复存在。

The ancient building is the memory of a city and the witness of its history. It bears the cultural accumulation of the city. Once damaged, the cultural relic itself and the historical and cultural information it carries will no longer exist.

As the memory and the witness of a city, the ancient building bears the cultural accumulation of it. Once damaged, the cultural relic and the historical and cultural information it carries will no longer exist. --Zhang Weihong (talk) 03:40, 8 November 2020 (UTC) Zhang Weihong

2.中国园林建筑大体分为私家园林建筑,皇家园林建筑和寺庙园林建筑。以苏州和扬州为代表，两者相比,苏州园林更具文人气质,而扬州的园林则偏于工商和贵气。

In general,Chinese garden architecture is divided into private garden architecture, royal garden architecture and temple garden architecture. With Suzhou and Yangzhou as the representative, the Suzhou gardens bear the style of literati, while the Yangzhou gardens tend to be commercial and noble.

Chinese garden architecture is roughly divided into private garden architecture, royal garden architecture and temple garden architecture. Taking Suzhou and Yangzhou as representatives, the former is more literary, while the latter is more inclined to commercial and luxury styles.--Cao Runxin (talk) 08:30, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园占地面积达293公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部 分组成。各种形式的宫殿园林建筑3000余间，大致可分为行政、生活、游览三个部分。

The Summer Palace covers an area of 293 hectares,mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3000 palaces and gardens of various forms, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration, life and tour.--You Yuting (talk) 10:21, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Covering an area of 293 hectares,the Summer Palace is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. There are more than 3,000 palaces and gardens of various forms, which can be roughly divided into three parts: administration, life and tour.--Guan Qinqing (talk) 11:56, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Yu Ni 余妮

1.很多建筑都是采用对称设计的，这在中国建筑中非常多见。所以在拍摄这种建筑时，建议寻找完美的对称角度来拍摄，呈现建筑的构造特点和美学特征。

Many buildings are designed symmetrically, which is very common in Chinese architecture. Therefore, when shooting this kind of building, it is suggested to find a perfect symmetrical angle to shoot, showing the structural characteristics and aesthetic characteristics of the building.--Yu Ni (talk) 06:59, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Many buildings are designed symmetrically, which is very common in Chinese architecture. Therefore, when shooting, it is suggested that we find a perfect symmetrical angle, revealing the structural and aesthetic characteristics of the building.--Yang Ziling (talk) 01:31, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中式私家花园要求的不仅仅是植物的种植，而是一种自然环境与人类创造的统一。在中式私家花园里，每一棵树的栽种位置，每一块石头的摆放都有其深意。

Chinese private garden requires not only the planting of plants, but also the unity of natural environment and human creation. In the Chinese private garden, the planting position of each tree and the placement of each stone have its profound meaning.--Yu Ni (talk) 06:59, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese private garden requires not only planting, but also the unity of natural environment and human creation. In the Chinese private garden, the position of each tree and the placement of each stone have their profound meaning.--Yang Ziling (talk) 01:31, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园占地面积达293公顷，主要由万寿山和昆明湖两部分组成。颐和园规模宏大，布置错杂，我们可以分成后山、前山、东宫门、南湖和西堤等四大部分来了解它的。

The Summer Palace covers an area of 293 hectares, which is mainly composed of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake. The Summer Palace has a large scale and complicated layout. We can divide it into four parts: the back mountain, the front mountain, the east palace gate, the South Lake and the West embankment.--Yu Ni (talk) 06:59, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace covers an area of 293 hectares, which is mainly composed of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake. The Summer Palace has a large scale with complicated layout. It can be divided into four parts: the back mountain, the front mountain, the east palace gate, the South Lake and the West embankment.--Yang Ziling (talk) 01:31, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

Yuan Tianyi 袁天翼

说到中国文化，不得不提到长城。从公元前7世纪到公元16世纪，在大约2200年的时间里，先后有19个朝代修建过长城，所修的长城长达10千米以上。主要的长城修建工程是在秦代、汉代和明代完成的。

We must refer to the Great Wall when it comes to Chinese culture. Through about 2200 years from the 7th century B.C. to the 16th century A.D., it was built in 19 dynasties successively, reaching over 10 kilometers in length. Main construction project was carried out in the Qin Dynasty, Han Dynasty and Ming Dynasty.--Yuan Tianyi (talk) 02:26, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

1961年3月4日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。2007年5月8日，颐和园经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区。 2009年，颐和园入选中国世界纪录协会中国现存最大的皇家园林。

On March 4th, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as one of the first batch of National Priority Cultural Relic Protection Sites, famed as “ Four Great Palaces of China” with Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator Garden,Lingering Garden simultaneously. The Summer Palace was listed into World Heritage List in November 1998, and on May 8th, 2007, it was officially ratified as National 5A Scenic Spots by National Tourism Administration. In 2009, the Summer Palace, under the acknowledgement of China World Record Association, was selected as the largest extant royal garden of China.--Yuan Tianyi (talk) 02:26, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

中国古典园林艺术是指以江南私家园林和北方皇家园林为代表的中国山水园林形式。在中国传统建筑中，古典园林是独树一帜有重大成就的建筑。它被举世公认为世界园林之母，世界艺术之奇观，人类文明的重要遗产。其造园手法已被西方国家所推崇和摹仿，在西方国家掀起了一股“中国园林热”。

Chinese classical garden art mainly refers to Jiangnan private gardens and North royal gardens. Among all the Chinese traditional buildings, classic gardens boasts unique achievement, which is widely acknowledged as the Mother of the World Gardens, a miracle of the art of the world, and significant heritage of human civilization. The construction technique of Chinese gardens has been adored and imitated by western countries, ushering in “Chinese garden craze” in the occidental world.--Yuan Tianyi (talk) 02:26, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Zeng Liang 曾良

世界上大多数伟大的建筑都是石料建筑，因为石料建筑不仅外形漂亮、持久耐用，而且石头到处可见。在过去，整个城市的建筑物都是从艰苦的石块切割和堆砌发展起来的。 Much of the world’s great architecture has been constructed of stone because of its beauty, permanence, and availability. In the past, whole cities grew from the arduous task of cutting and pilling stone upon.--Zeng Liang (talk) 01:33, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Much of the world’s great architecture has been constructed of stone because of its beauty, durability, and availability. In the past, whole cities grew from the arduous task of cutting and piling stone upon. --Chen Han (talk) 14:36, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

最好的园林远不止是将各种美丽的花草树木种在一起。成功的园林都代表了各种要素经过精心组合成的一个整体，这些要素从纯粹的装饰到具有严格的功能不等。 The best gardens are much more than an assortment of beautiful plants.Successful gardens generally represent a careful integration of diverse elements,ranging from the purely ornamental to the strictly functional.--Zeng Liang (talk) 01:33, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

颐和园主景区由万寿山、昆明湖组成，全员占地2.9平方公里，水面约占四分之三。园内现存各式宫殿、园林古建7万平方米，并以珍贵的文物藏品闻名于世，是第一批全国重点文物保护单位。 The Summer Palace,dominated mainly by Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake, covers an area of 29 square kilometers, three quarters of which is under water. Its 70,000 square meters of building space features a varity of palaces, gardens and other ancient-style architectural structures.Well-known for its large and priceless collection of cultural relics, it was among the first group of historical and cultural heritage sites in China to be placed under special state protection.--Zeng Liang (talk) 01:33, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Zeng Xinyuan 曾心媛

中国传统建筑的第四个特点，更加体现了“天人合一”的思想，这一思想恰恰与现代人“回归大自然”的欲望相吻合。 The fourth feature of Chinese traditional architecture represents the thinking of “ unity of heaven and human beings”, which fits the desire of “returning to nature” of modern people.--Zeng Xinyuan (talk) 13:30, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

它被举世公认为世界园林之母，世界艺术之奇观，人类文明的重要遗产。其造园手法已被西方国家所推崇和摹仿，在西方国家掀起了一股“中国园林热”。 It has been recognized worldwide as the mother of gardens, a wonder of world arts, and an important heritage of human civilization. The techniques of building gardens have been advocated and imitated by Western countries, raising “a Chinese gardens mania” in those countries.--Zeng Xinyuan (talk) 13:30, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

它是以昆明湖、万寿山为基址，以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林，也是保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”。 It was a large landscape garden as well as the best preserved royal pavilion which took Kunming Lake, and Wanshou Mountain as base address, and West Lake in Hangzhou as chief source, and drew design methods of gardens in regions south of Yangtze River, known as “royal gardens museum”.--Zeng Xinyuan (talk) 13:30, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

她与慈禧太后的亲密接触，促使她完成了这部稀有之作——为世人真实地展示了没落前的大清帝国谜一般的宫廷暮霭和迷一般的慈禧皇太后的私密生活。 Her close contact with Cixi drove her to finish the precious work, which unveiled royal enigma of the Qing Dynasty before it declined and private life of empress dowager Cixi to the world.--Zeng Xinyuan (talk) 13:30, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Zhang Hui 张慧

1.中国传统建筑正是中国历史悠久的传统文化和民族特色的最精彩、最直观的传承载体和表现形式。 Chinese traditional architecture is the most wonderful and intuitive transmission carrier and expression form of China's long-standing traditional culture and national characteristics.--Zhang Hui (talk) 08:31, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese traditional architecture is the most splendid and intuitive transmission carrier and expression form of Chinese traditional culture with a long history and national characteristics.--You Yuting (talk) 10:23, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese traditional architecture is the most wonderful and intuitive transmission carrier and expression form for Chinese long-standing traditional culture and national characteristics.--Zhao Xiaoyan (talk) 08:31, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国园林区别于世界上其他园林体系的最大特点，在于它不以创造呈现在人们眼前的具体园林形象为最终目的，它追求的是意境。 The biggest feature of Chinese gardens that distinguishes it from other garden systems in the world is that it does not take the creation of a concrete garden image that is presented to people as its ultimate goal.It pursues artistic conception.--Zhang Hui (talk) 08:31, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The biggest feature that distinguishes Chinese gardens from other garden systems in the world is that it does not take the creation of a specific garden image in front of people as its ultimate goal, but rather the pursuit of the mood.--Zhao Xiaoyan (talk) 08:31, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园集传统造园艺术之大成，借景周围的山水环境，既有皇家园林恢弘富丽的气势，又充满了自然之趣，高度体现了中国园林“虽由人作，宛自天开”的造园准则。 The Summer Palace is a monument to classical Chinese architecture, in terms of both garden design and construction. Borrowing scenes from surrounding landscapes, it radiates not only the grandeur of an imperial garden but also the beauty of nature in a seamless combination that best illustrates the guiding principle of traditional Chinese garden design: "The works of men should match the works of Heaven".--Zhang Hui (talk) 08:31, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Zhang Ling 张玲

1. 中国古代建筑艺术是中华传统文化中的一部分，在长期的历史发展过程中，尤其在儒家思想影响下，中国古代建筑逐步形成了自己的体系和特点。 Chinese ancient architectural art is a part of Chinese traditional culture. In the long course of historical development, especially under the influence of Confucianism, Chinese ancient architecture has gradually formed its own system and characteristics. --Zhang Ling (talk) 12:46, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 中国古典园林艺术是指以江南私家园林和北方皇家园林为代表的中国山水园林形式。它被举世公认为世界园林之母，世界艺术之奇观，是人类文明的重要遗产。 Chinese classical garden art refers to Chinese landscape gardens represented by the private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River and the royal gardens in the north. It is universally acknowledged as the mother of world gardens, the wonder of world art, and the important heritage of human civilization. --Zhang Ling (talk) 12:46, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese classical garden art refers to Chinese landscape gardens represented by the private gardens in the south of the Yangtze River and the royal gardens in the north. It is universally acknowledged as the mother of gardens in the world, a wonder of world arts, and an important heritage of human civilization.--Zeng Xinyuan (talk) 14:23, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

3. 颐和园以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林，也是保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”，也是国家重点旅游景点。 Based on the West Lake in Hangzhou, the Summer Palace is a large landscape garden, drawing on the design techniques of jiangnan gardens. It is also the most complete preserved royal garden, known as the "Royal Garden Museum" and a key national tourist attraction. --Zhang Ling (talk) 12:46, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Taking West Lake in Hangzhou as the chief source, the Summer Palace is a large landscape garden, drawing on the design techniques of Jiangnan gardens. It is also the best preserved royal garden, known as the "Royal Garden Museum" and a key national tourist attraction. --Zeng Xinyuan (talk) 14:23, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

4. 卡尔对慈禧的第一印象很好，她认为这位太后“看上去非常和善、年轻而又带着迷人笑容”。慈禧对卡尔也甚为满意，称她“柯姑娘”，并安排她住在距颐和园不远的醇亲王别墅，便于她每天早朝后进园画像。 Carl had a good first impression of Cixi. She thought the Empress Dowager "looked very kind, young and had a charming smile." Cixi was also very satisfied with Karl. She called her "Miss Ke" and arranged for her to stay at the Prince Chun's villa not far from the Summer Palace, so that it was very convenient for her to make portraits in the garden everyday after the early duty. --Zhang Ling (talk) 12:46, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Carl had a good first impression on Cixi. She thought the Empress Dowager "looked very kind, young and had a charming smile." Cixi was also very satisfied with Karl. She called Karl "Miss Ke" and arranged her to stay at the Prince Chun's villa, which is not far from the Summer Palace, so as to draw portraits in the garden everyday after the early duty.--Zeng Xinyuan (talk) 14:23, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

Zhang Peiwen 张佩闻

假山和石花园是中国园林建筑的重要组成部分。 The artificial mountain and rock garden is the integral element of Chinese classical gardens.--Zhang Peiwen (talk) 09:02, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The artificial mountain and rock garden are the integral elements of Chinese classical gardens.--Gan Fengyu (talk) 13:09, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The artificial mountains and gardens of stone are important parts of Chinese classical gardens.--Zeng Liang (talk) 02:05, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

中国园林善于和借景，不会死板地将景观以对称的方式排列，而是会将大大小小的景观不守成规精妙地排列。 The Chinese garden architecture characterized by taking advantages of the environment and shun symmetry along axis and adopt an irregular and complicated layout with plenty of large and small spaces.--Zhang Peiwen (talk) 09:02, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Chinese garden architecture is characterized by taking advantages of the scenes. It arrangs different landscapes in an irregular but exquisite form rather than rigid and symmetrical one.--Gan Fengyu (talk) 13:09, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

颐和园是世界上最广阔的皇家园林之一，园区主要有万寿山，昆明湖两大景区组成。颐和园是“三山五园”之一，也是中国最后一座皇家林园。 The Summer Palace is the royal garden covering the largest area in the world. It is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. It is one of the three mountains and five gardens and the last royal garden in China.--Zhang Peiwen (talk) 09:02, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace is one of the most spacious royal gardens in the world, which is mainly composd of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. It is one of "the three mountains and five gardens" and the last royal garden in China.--Gan Fengyu (talk) 13:09, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace, one of the most spacious royal gardens in the world, is mainly composed of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake. It is one of "Three Hills and Five Gardens" , as well as the last royal garden in China.--Zeng Liang (talk) 02:05, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Zhang Weihong 张维虹

1. 建筑物是人类智慧的结晶，更是城市文化的集中体现，每座令人眼前一亮的城市，除了风景的不可复制外，建筑则是夺人眼球的元素，从曲线到块面，都适合通过镜头语言来表达。

Buildings are the crystallization of human wisdom and the concentrated symbol of urban culture. Apart from the unrepeatable scenery, buildings are eye-catching elements that can be expressed from curves to blocks.

Buildings are the crystallization of human wisdom and a concentrated expression of urban culture. In every city that is eye-catching, apart from the unrepeatable scenery, buildings are having eye-catching elements, from curves to blocks.--ANNA GROSHEVA (talk) 14:00, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2. 苏州园林当中的耦园就处于大吉之地。耦园的南（前）有河道，楼厅、重檐楼阁、藏书楼殿后，北面（后面）又枕河，西（右）有大路，东（左）为流水。

The coupling garden among Suzhou gardens is located in a prosperous place. In the south (front) of Coupling Garden, there are river courses, buildings and halls, double-eaved pavilions, the back of the library, the north (back) and the pillow river, the west (right) has a main road, and the east (left) is running water. --Zhang Weihong (talk) 03:28, 8 November 2020 (UTC) Zhang Weihong

3. 但是，当1994年承德避暑山庄被联合国教科文组织列入《世界遗产名录》后，经过近十年的整治与恢复性建设，犹如一位灰姑娘摇身变成了王妃，在肇建300周年的庆典之日，她终于展露出应有的面貌与价值。

However, when Chengde Mountain Resort was listed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO in 1994, after nearly ten years of renovation and restoration construction, it was like a Cinderella turning into a princess. On the celebration day of the 300th anniversary of its establishment, she finally showed her due appearance and value. --Zhang Weihong (talk) 03:28, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Zhang Weihong

Zhang Yinliu 张银柳

1.中国传统建筑以木结构建筑为主，西方的传统建筑以砖石结构为主, 现代的建筑则是以钢筋混凝土为主。

Chinese traditional architecture is mainly wood structure, while western traditional architecture is mainly brick structure. Modern architecture is mainly reinforced concrete.

Chinese traditional architecture is mainly featured with wood structure, and western traditional architecture, brick structure, and modern architecture, reinforced concrete. --Zhang Weihong (talk) 03:32, 8 November 2020 (UTC) Zhang Weihong

2.在设计屋顶花园的同时要考虑屋顶的承重和防水、渗水设计。任何屋顶的承重力度均在建筑设计规范中，无论什么形式的绿化园艺园林设计前要考虑进去。

In the design of roof garden, we should consider the load-bearing, waterproof and seepage design of the roof. The load-bearing strength of any roof is in the architectural design code, which should be taken into account before any form of greening, horticulture and landscape design.

3.2007年5月8日，颐和园经国家旅游局正式批准为国家5A级旅游景区。 2009年，颐和园入选中国世界纪录协会中国现存最大的皇家园林。

On May 8, 2007, the Summer Palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction. In 2009, the Summer Palace was selected as the largest existing royal garden in China by the China World Record Association.--Zhang Yinliu (talk) 02:10, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

1. Chinese traditional architecture is mainly wood structure, western traditional architecture is mainly brick structure, and modern architecture is mainly reinforced concrete.--Zhang Yuxing (talk) 02:37, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Zhang Yu 张瑜

1.古建筑是科学发展的标志，构成了中华民族古代文明的一部分。

Ancient architecture, as the symbol of scientific development, constitutes one part of ancient Chinese civilizations.--Zhang Yu (talk) 09:13, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Ancient architecture is the symbol of scientific development, which constitutes one part of the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation.--Yang Yue (talk) 13:59, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Ancient architecture, as the symbol of scientific development, is a part of the ancient Chinese civilization.--Zhang Yujie (talk) 02:07, 8 November 2020 (UTC) 2.在中国艺术史上，文学艺术与园林艺术相辅相成，彼此促进，交相辉映。

In the history of Chinese art, the arts of literature and garden mutually reinforce, promote and enhance each other's beauty.--Zhang Yu (talk) 09:13, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

3.北京颐和园作为中国现存规模最大、保存最完整的皇家园林,被誉为皇家园林博物馆。

The Summer Palace in Beijing, as the largest and the best-preserved imperial garden in China, was honored as the Museum of Imperial Gardens.--Zhang Yu (talk) 09:13, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Zhang Yujie 张毓婕

建筑既是规划，设计和建设的过程又是其产品。中国古代建筑作品通常被视为文化象征和中华民族所创造的艺术品。

Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing and construction. Ancient Chinese architectural works are often perceived as cultural symbols and works of art of the Chinese nation.

中国园林建筑的特点是利用环境优势，使自然风光与人文情趣融为一体。园林建筑的外观应符合美学，富有表现力，并可以增强周围环境的美感。

The Chinese garden architectures are characterized by taking advantages of the environment so that the natural scenery and human interests could be merged. The appearances of a garden building should be aesthetic and expressive, and enhance the beauty of the surroundings.

颐和园，明清时期的皇家园林，前身是清漪园，被誉为“皇家园林博物馆”，是国家重点旅游景点。与小家碧玉的江南园林相比，颐和园多了一份皇室气度和威严。

The Summer Palace, a royal garden of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, is honored as the "Royal Garden Museum" and is a national key tourist attraction. Compared with the small beautiful Jiangnan gardens, the Summer Palace has more imperial atmosphere and majesty.--Zhang Yujie (talk) 01:58, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Zhang Yuxing 张宇星

1.中国自古地大物博，建筑艺术源远流长。中国古代建筑的类型很多，主要有宫殿、坛庙、寺观、佛塔、民居和园林建筑等。

2.第二，花木种类众多，布局有法。江南气候土壤适合花木生长。园林堪称集植物之大成，且多奇花珍木，如拙政园中的山茶和明画家文徵明手植藤。

3.1961年3月4日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。

1. There are many types of ancient Chinese buildings, mainly including palaces, temples, temples, pagodas, residential buildings and garden buildings.

2. Second, full of different flowers and trees, and the whole layout is satisfactory. The climate and soil situation in Jingnan is suitable for flowers and trees, and gardens, as a collection of plants, cover various rare flowers and trees, such as the camellia in the Humble Administrator's Garden and the hand-planting of vines by Ming painter Wen Zhengming.

3. On March 4, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. It was also named as China’s Four Famous Gardens along with the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator’s Garden, and Lingering Garden. It was listed among World Heritage List in November 1998.--Zhang Yuxing (talk) 02:34, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Zhao Xi 赵茜

1.中国传统建筑艺术是中华传统文化中的一部分，在长期的历史发展过程中，尤其在儒家思想影响下，中国古代建筑逐步形成了自己的体系和特点。

Traditional Chinese architecture art is part of traditional Chinese culture. During the long-term cause of history development, especially under the influence of Confucianism, the ancient Chinese architecture gradually has formed its own systems and characteristics. --Zhao Xi (talk) 04:47, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Traditional Chinese architecture art is a part of traditional Chinese culture. During the long course of historical development, especially under the influence of Confucianism, the ancient Chinese architecture has gradually formed its own systems and characteristics.--Zeng Xinyuan (talk) 14:28, 7 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国古典园林艺术是指以江南私家园林和北方皇家园林为代表的中国山水园林形式。

Classical Chinese garden art refers to the Chinese landscape garden form represented by Jiangnan's private garden and the northern royal garden.--Zhao Xi (talk) 04:47, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园，是中国清朝时期的皇家园林，前身为清漪园，坐落在北京西郊，占地约290公顷，与圆明园毗邻，以昆明湖为基址，以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法建成的一座大型山水园林。

The Summer Palace, formerly known as the Qing Dynasty Royal Garden, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, covering an area of about 290 hectares. It is a large landscape garden, adjacent to the Yuanmingyuan, with Kunming Lake as the base site, Hangzhou West Lake as the model, drawing on the design techniques of Jiangnan Garden.--Zhao Xi (talk) 04:47, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

Zhao Xiaoyan 赵晓燕

1.中国不同地域其建筑艺术风格等各有差异，但其传统建筑的组群布局、空间、结构、建筑材料及装饰艺术等方面却有着共同的特点，区别于西方，享誉全球。

Different regions have different architectural styles in China, but their traditional buildings have common characteristics in terms of group layout, space, structure, building materials and decorative arts, which are different from the West and enjoy a worldwide reputation.--Zhao Xiaoyan (talk) 08:23, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Different regions of China have different architectural styles, but their traditional buildings have common characteristics in terms of group layout, space, structure, building materials and decorative arts, which are different from the West and enjoy a worldwide reputation.--Zhang Hui (talk) 08:30, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国传统园林集色、香、韵于一身，自古以来便给人们提供了一个休闲纳凉的好去处，对中国文化传承具有重要意义。

Traditional Chinese gardens combine color, fragrance and rhyme. Since ancient times, they have provided people with a good place to relax and enjoy the cool. It is of great significance to the inheritance of Chinese culture.--Zhao Xiaoyan (talk) 08:23, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Chinese traditional gardens, integrating color, fragrance and charm, have provided people with a good place to relax and enjoy the cool since ancient times, which is of great significance to the inheritance of Chinese culture.--Zhang Hui (talk) 08:30, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园，中国清朝时期皇家园林，前身为清漪园，坐落在北京西郊，距城区15公里，占地约290公顷（2.9平方千米），与圆明园毗邻。

The Summer Palace, an imperial garden during the Qing Dynasty in China, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, 15 kilometers away from the city, covering an area of about 290 hectares (2.9 square kilometers), adjacent to the Old Summer Palace.--Zhao Xiaoyan (talk) 08:23, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

The Summer Palace, a Chinese imperial garden during the Qing Dynasty, formerly known as the Garden of Clear Ripples, is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, 15 kilometers away from the city, covering an area of about 290 hectares (2.9 square kilometers), adjacent to the Old Summer Palace.--Zhang Hui (talk) 08:30, 5 November 2020 (UTC) The Summer Palace, an imperial garden during the Qing Dynasty in China, formerly Known as the Garden of Clear Ripples, is situated in the western suburbs of Beijing, 15 kilometers away from the city, covering an area of 290 hectares(2.9 square kilometers), adjacent to the Old Summer Palace.--Zhang Peiwen (talk) 09:11, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Zhou Yiwen 周艺文

1.中国古代的匠师在建筑装饰中最敢于使用色彩也最善于使用色彩。这个特点是和中国建筑的木结构体系分不开的。因为木料不能经久，所以，中国建筑很早就采用在木材上涂漆和桐油的办法，以保护木质和加固木构件用榫卯结合的关接，同时增加美观，达到实用、坚固与美观相结合。

Ancient Chinese craftsmen were the most daring to use color and the best at using color in architectural decoration. This feature is inseparable from the wooden structure system of Chinese architecture. Because wood is not durable, Chinese architecture has long adopted the method of painting and tung oil on wood to protect the joints of wood and reinforced wood components with tenon-and-mortise joints, and at the same time increase aesthetics, to achieve a combination of practicality, solidity and beauty.

2.拙政园位于苏州城东北隅，截至2014年，仍是苏州存在的最大的古典园林，占地78亩（约合5.2公顷）。全园以水为中心，山水萦绕，厅榭精美，花木繁茂，具有浓郁的江南水乡特色。

The Humble Administrator's Garden is located in the northeast corner of Suzhou City. As of 2014, it is still the largest classical garden in Suzhou, covering an area of 78 mu (approximately 5.2 hectares). The whole park is centered on water, surrounded by mountains and rivers, exquisite halls and pavilions, luxuriant flowers and trees, with strong characteristics of Jiangnan water town.

3.1961年3月4日，颐和园被公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位，与同时公布的承德避暑山庄、拙政园、留园并称为中国四大名园，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。

On March 4, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, and the Chengde Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator’s Garden, and Lingering Garden were also called China’s four famous gardens. It was included in the "World Heritage List" in November 1998.

4.1906年， 慈禧太后下禁缠足令，开中国解放妇女之先河。

In 1906, the Empress Dowager Cixi issued a foot-binding order, which was a precedent for the liberation of women in China.

Zhou Yuanqu 周园曲

1.框架式结构是中国古代建筑在建筑结构上最重要的一个特征。“墙倒屋不塌”这句古老的谚语，概括地指出了中国建筑这种框架结构最重要的特点。

Frame structure is one of the most important features of the ancient Chinese buildings. The old saying " Even though the wall collapses, the building stands" is a generalization of this most important feature.--Zhou Yuanqu (talk) 05:19, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国的造园艺术，以追求自然精神境界为最终和最高目的，从而达到“虽由人作，宛自天开”的审美旨趣。

The art of Chinese garden building regards the pursuit of natural spiritual realm as the ultimate goal, so as to embody the aesthetic purport of "looking like the nature's work though actually created by human beings.".--Zhou Yuanqu (talk) 05:19, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园是以昆明湖、万寿山为基础，以杭州西湖为蓝本，汲取江南园林的设计手法而建成的一座大型山水园林。

The Summer Palace, built by the Kun Ming Lake and on the Wan Shou Mountain, is a large landscape garden, taking the West Lake of Hangzhou as the blueprint and applying the design method of the gardens located in the south of Yangtze River.--Zhou Yuanqu (talk) 05:19, 9 November 2020 (UTC)

Zhu Meimei 祝美梅

7月16日至30日，在四川美术学院美术馆展出的《“见微知著方寸之间”中国建筑艺术之美》展览让人印象深刻。中国唐宋明清时期建筑的绝代风华，梁思成、陈从周等建筑大师的心血之作尽收眼底。

From July 16th to 30th, the exhibition " From 'pars pro toto' to See the Beauty of Chinese Architectural Art" at the Art Museum of Sichuan Academy of Fine Arts was impressive. We can appreciate the unparalleled beauty of architectures in China's Tang, Song, Ming and Qing dynasties, and the painstaking works of architects such as Liang Sicheng and Chen Congzhou.

中国人建造园林有两千多年的历史，在漫长的时间里，形成了皇家园林、寺观园林、私家园林三足鼎立的格局。 Chinese garden building history is more than two thousand years. Over a long period of time, three pillars which are imperial gardens, temple gardens, and private gardens have been formed. Chinese garden building has a long history of over 2000 years, during which a tripartite structure of royal gardens, temple gardens and private gardens has been formed.--Hu Jin (talk) 03:22, 6 November 2020 (UTC)

颐和园坐落在北京西郊,主要由昆明湖和万寿山两部分组成,占地面积约290公顷。它既是一座极具江南风情的大型山水园林,又是我国保存最完整的一座皇家行宫御苑,1998年被列入《世界遗产名录》。 The Summer Palace is located in the western suburbs of Beijing, mainly composed of Kunming Lake and Longevity Mountain, covering an area of about 290 hectares. It is not only a large-scale landscape garden with great Jiangnan characteristics, but also the most intactly preserved imperial palace garden in my country. It was included in the "World Heritage List" in 1998.--Zhumeimei (talk) 07:44, 5 November 2020 (UTC)

Zhu Xu 朱旭

1.巍峨耸立于武昌蛇山的黄鹤楼，自古享有“天下江山第一楼“和“天下绝景”之称，与岳阳楼、滕王阁并称“江南四大名楼”，相传始建于三国时期吴黄武二年（公元223年）。崔颢一首黄鹤楼题词，已成为千古绝唱，更使黄鹤楼名声大噪。

The Yellow Crane Tower stands atop Snake Mountain, Wuchang. Since ancient times, it has been "a great wonder of the world". Indeed, it is no less famous thanYueyang Tower or Tengwang Pavilion. They are known as"hree famous buildings in the South of Yangtse river".The exact building time was the 2nd Year (223) of Eastern Wu, Three Kingdoms Period. Cui Hao improvised a poem Inscription on Yellow Crane Tower, which has been lauded as a tour de force."--Zhu Xu (talk) 03:26, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.中国园林架构的特征在于利用自然环境，以使天然场景和人的兴趣相结合。经典花园架构往往点缀诗歌书画。他们顺沿对称轴，采用不规则的和复杂的布局，利用大大小小的空间。花园建筑的外观应该是有美感和有表现力的，增强周围环境的美。

The Chinese gardens are characterized by taking advantages of the environment so that the natural scenes and human interests could be merged. The classic gardens architectures are often embellished with calligraphy of poems and with paintings. They shun symmetry along an axis and adopt an irregular and complicated layout with plenty of large and small spaces. The appearance of a garden building should be aesthetic and expressive, and enhance the beauty of the surroundings. --Zhu Xu (talk) 03:26, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.颐和园集传统造园艺术之大成，借景周围的山水环境，既有皇家园林恢弘富丽的气势，又充满了自然之趣，高度体现了中国园林“虽由人作，宛自天开”的造园准则。

The Summer Palace is a monument to classical Chinese garden architectures, in terms of both garden design and construction. Borrowing scenes from surrounding landscapes, it radiates not only the grandeur of an imperial garden but also the beauty of nature in a seamless combination that best illustrates the guiding principle of traditional Chinese garden design:"The works of men should match the works of Heaven".--Zhu Xu (talk) 03:26, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

4.故事是这么说的，在19世纪80年代帝国主义混乱动荡的年代，慈禧太后挪用海军资金3000万银子来改造和重建宫殿，她建造一个巨大的大理石和玉“船”。但是这艘船没有满足皇家海军的第一个要求——浮起来。

As the story goes, the Empress Dowager Cixi, during the chaotic and tumultuous imperialist years of the 1880s, embezzled navy funds–30 million tales of silver–to revamp and reconstruct the Palace, which included her construction of a massive marble and jade "boat". However, the boat did not fulfill the first requirement of the imperial navy–it failed to float.--Zhu Xu (talk) 03:26, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Zou Xinyu 邹鑫雨

1.从古至今，中国人一直追求着造物里的对称美，从皇城宫苑到普通民宅，从群体建筑的规划到一户一室的布局，从亭台楼阁到轩榭廊舫……我们处处都可见中式对称的影子。

From ancient times to the present, Chinese people have been pursuing the symmetrical beauty in creation. From imperial palace gardens to ordinary houses, from the planning of group buildings to the layout of one family and one room, and from pavilions to porches, we can see the shadow of Chinese symmetry everywhere.--Zou Xinyu2 (talk) 16:16, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

2.古代从有文字记载的殷周算起，中国园林已有3000多年的历史。随着社会的进步，中国园林逐渐形成独特的民族形式，自成体系。

In ancient times, Chinese gardens have a history of more than 3,000 years, starting from the Yin and Zhou dynasties, which are recorded in writing. With the progress of society, Chinese gardens gradually have a unique national form and build a system of its own.--Zou Xinyu2 (talk) 16:16, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

3.在文学创作中有“明线”与“暗线”相结合的写作手法，如果用这种思路去研究颐和园，那么在这座政治与园林相结合的皇家园林中，也可以看到祈求天下一统的政治文化和封建帝王治理江山的思想脉络，在这里表现为镇山、镇水与治民思想。

In literary creation, there is a combination of "open lines" and "dark lines". If you use this idea to study the Summer Palace, then in this royal garden that combines politics and gardens, you can also see the political culture which prays for the unity of the world and the ideological context of the feudal emperor’s governance of the country, which is expressed as the thoughts of suppressing mountains and water, and governing people.--Zou Xinyu2 (talk) 16:16, 8 November 2020 (UTC)Zou Xinyu

Zubareva, Ekaterina

1.Chinese architecture, the built structures of China, specifically those found in the 18 historical provinces of China that are bounded by the Tibetan Highlands on the west, the Gobi to the north, and Myanmar (Burma), Laos, and Vietnam to the southwest.--ZubarevaEkaterina (talk) 12:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

中国建筑，即中国的建筑结构，特别是在中国的18个历史省份中发现的那些建筑，这些省份以西部的西藏高地，北部的戈壁和西南部的缅甸（缅甸），老挝和越南为边界。--ZubarevaEkaterina (talk) 12:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

2.Principles of landscape design formulated in Suzhou in the 16th and 17th centuries deeply inform Liu Fang Yuan.--ZubarevaEkaterina (talk) 12:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

16世纪和17世纪苏州制定的景观设计原则深刻地影响了刘方圆。--ZubarevaEkaterina (talk) 12:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

3.The Summer Palace’s landscaped gardens, temples, and pavilions were designed to achieve harmony with nature, to soothe, and to please the eye. --ZubarevaEkaterina (talk) 12:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

颐和园的园景花园，寺庙和凉亭的设计旨在实现与自然的和谐，舒缓和愉悦的目光。--ZubarevaEkaterina (talk) 12:38, 8 November 2020 (UTC)