Theor App Lit EN 3

3 Chinese Translation of Subtitles of "Jane Eyre" from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence Theory

Zhan Ruoxuan, 詹若萱, Hunan Normal University,China

Abstract

This paper attempts to discuss subtitle translation from the aspect of Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory by meticulously selecting many fresh examples from a film “Jane Eyre” adapted from the well-known book “Jane Eyre”. Literary works are important subjects for film and TV dramas, and many of them are based on literary works. ”Jane Eyre” has attracted tens of thousands of readers, and its research value has been continuously shown. The subtitle translation of its adapted film“Jane Eyre”also contributes to the literary work’s popularity.

This paper has 3 parts which carefully discusses subtitle translation, Functional Equivalence Theory and the translation methods of functional equivalence in subtitle translation. The research is of great significance to the development of subtitle translation. This paper provides a more scientific reference for film subtitle translation, making the Functional Equivalence Theory more mature in the practical application of subtitle translation, and provides a more effective explanation for the application of Functional Equivalence Theory in subtitle translation. It contributes a lot to promoting the vigorous development of film subtitle translation.

Key words

"Jane Eyre";Subtitle trabslation; Functional Equivalence Theory

摘要

本文根据奈达的功能对等理论，从电影《简爱》中精心挑选了大量新颖的字幕翻译实例，论述了如何根据功能对等理论进行字幕翻译。文学作品是影视剧拍摄的重要题材，很多影视剧作品都是根据文学作品改编而来的。《简爱》自问世以来，吸引了数以万计的读者，其研究价值也不断地显示出来。字幕翻译也促进了文学作品的传播与受欢迎。

本文分为三个部分，分别对字幕翻译、功能对等理论以及功能对等理论在字幕翻译中的应用进行了详细的论述。本文为电影字幕翻译提供了更为科学的参考，使功能对等理论在字幕翻译实践中的应用更为成熟，并为功能对等理论在字幕翻译中的应用提供了更为有效的解释。

关键词

《简爱》；字幕翻译：功能对等理论

Introduction

With the implementation of the Chinese economic reform and the development of the trend of global integration, the commerce and trade cultures of different countries have more chances to intermix with each other. Where movies and TV shows have become one of the main art forms in daily life, it makes sense as an important carrier of culture. In recent years, more and more English movies and TV plays have been introduced into China, which not only play the role of entertainment products, but also become a window for Chinese audience to understand English-speaking countries. Because of the language barriers, the audience often needs the help of subtitle translation to understand the dialogue, background and other information of the specific film and TV show, which is the foundation for audience to understand the direction of the plot, characters and other contents. If the translator cannot convey this information to the target audience properly by subtitles, it will make the target audience can not enjoy the same fun as the native audience.(Zou Botao,2019:2)

Nowadays, people are eager to watch more movies and TV series which have their own unique characteristics. And people’s need for subtitle translation is larger both in quality and quantity. The quality of the subtitle translation has large influence on people’s watching experience and their perceptions of the cultural and social connotations the film conveys. Therefore, the importance of film translation is self-evident. Although film translation has a great influence on today's society, it is different from other forms of translation. The history of film and television translation is still very short. While subtitle translation, seen as the most direct way of film translation, has not yet formed the systematic and theoretical system, it still relies on experience and perception in translation.

With the help of Nida's Functional Equivalence Theory, this paper chooses ”Jane Eyre”, a film adapted from the famous English novel ”Jane Ayre”. This paper analyzes the translation strategies by listing many representative practical examples, and concludes whether the translation meets the objectives of subtitle translation and the audience's expectations. This paper hopes to provide some examples to better promote the development of subtitle translation of literary works from the perspectives of Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory. In addition, this paper also hopes to arouse more scholars’ interests to explore the subtitle translation based on the Functional Equivalence Theory, and this paper also serves to enrich the studies of subtitle translation in E-C translation to promote the cross-cultural communication.(Zou Botao,2019:2)

Subtitle translation

This part will present a brief introduction of subtitle translation including its characteristics and strategies.

Characteristics of subtitle translation

Firstly, subtitles should be easy to be understood because they have to show the main content of the all in a relatively simple way. Zhang Chunbai points out “with rare exceptions, film dialogues must be simple to be understood at first hearing because it is difficult for audience to hear it twice.”[9] Subtitle translation is rarely using very obscure words and complex sentences. In particular, the instantaneity of the film makes the subtitles stay short. Therefore, the subtitles often need to present the plot, the actors’ emotion and the story background in a short time to achieve a clear effect. It includes two parts. On the one hand, choose simple sentence patterns. On the other hand, choose simple words. In addition to simple sentence patterns, words in sentences are usually translated into language easy to be understood.(Zhang ChunBai,2004:184)

Secondly, subtitle translation is supposed to be in accordance with the context and takes the audience's language and cultural background as the standard. Subtitle translation will consider different language, cultural characteristics and make the conversion according to the context. By watching this kind of subtitle translation, audience can have their best watching experience. For example, English language pays more attention to the structural beauty of sentence patterns, long sentences such as conjunctions and master-slave compound sentences, and the overt cohesion of the internal components of sentences, while Chinese language pays more attention to the beauty of artistic conception and the modification of adjectives. The sentences of Chinese are loose but the meaning is not scattered, and the internal components of sentences are mostly covert coherence.

Strategies of Subtitle translation

There are two kinds of translation strategies that we often use—domestication and foreignization. The first one is domestication. Domestication translation advocates putting the audience first and emphasizes the importance of natural and fluent translation of subtitle translation in language, focusing on bringing the source language culture into the target language audience. In the category of culture, it mainly centers on the language of its own nation and makes foreign language as much as possible in line with the national language habits and cultural value system.Nida points out that“The translator must be a person who avoided the linguistics and cultural differences in order that target receptors may find clearly the relevance of the original information．"(Nida，1964：170)[4] He also claims in another statement that‘‘Translation consists in reproducing the closest natural equivalent of the source language message in the receptor language,meaning firstly and then style．”(Nida,1993:116)[2]

The other strategy is foreignization. Foreignization requires the target audience to accept the language expression habits of the source text and cultural differences, leading the audience into the foreign situation. The important representative is Venuti, who advocated that “translation should face the differences and cover up the differences at the same time, and when necessary, differences can be highlighted.” [5] On the whole, in foreignization, translation is necessary to choose one of the original author or the source language as the main axis in order to retain the film atmosphere. The purpose of the original features of the content is to spread the source language culture to the audience of the target language. Especially, to achieve the purpose of translation, the translator can better understand the film works according to the language function of the film. Based on the needs of the audience in the target language, translators do some adjustments to analyze the source information in the film especially when encountering more difficult cultural factors. (Venuti,Lawrence,1995)

Introduction to Jane Eyre

“Jane Eyre” is a 19th century work that was controversial upon its release. The feminist ideas expressed in “Jane Eyre” have been gradually accepted by the world. The main character in this work is a woman with a strong character, pursuing freedom and equality, who has experienced hardships in her life, but she has never given in and had very strong feminist ideas. It not only expresses her dissatisfaction with male chauvinism at that time, but also has a certain inspirational effect on the development of modern feminist thought.(Liu Xiaoran,2019:89-91)

The author Charlotte Brontë was born in poverty. her poor background and the brutal school life she experienced as a child was the source of her inspiration, which she incorporated these inspirations into her characters and created the image of “Jane Eyre”. Jane Eyre seems to be Charlotte Brontë herself, although God did not give her a humorous life, but she still did not yield to fate in her tragic life experience, and was still full of aspiration for freedom and happiness. Her soul is strong and undefeated. This feminist ideology makes the work more This feminist ideology makes the work resonate with women in society.[7](Liu Xiaoran,2019:89-91)

Characters and story line

The novel tells the story of Jane Eyre, an orphan girl whose parents died at a young age and who was abused in her aunt's home and then sent to an orphanage by her aunt. The orphanage was a harsh environment, but she survived. Two years after graduation, Jane was hired to earn a living as a governess. The master, Rochester, was melancholy and moody, but after a longer contact, Jane found Rochester kind-hearted, upright and stalwart, and gradually developed feelings for him. When they held a wedding in the church, Jane painfully discovered that Rochester had a crazy wife. Jane left sadly.(Bronte,Charlotte.2008:1-88)

Later, her uncle, from whom she had been separated for many years, died after a long illness and bequeathed her a huge fortune. Because she could not forget her love for Rochester, she returned to her hometown, only to learn that a few months ago the crazy woman died of arson. In order to save her, Rochester became blind due to the fire. Jane immediately went to him to confide in him, and the two finally reconciled. Later, Rochester went to London to heal his eyes, and Jane Eyre gave birth to a boy. In the end, they happily lived together.[1](Bronte,Charlotte.2008:1-88)

Distictive features of Jane Eyre

There are several reasons why the author chooses it as the analyzed material.

First. It conveys important educational values. The reason why audiences are so curious about the film version of “Jane Eyre” is that many people had already read the work beforehand, and they had a deep affection for the original. They have a deep attachment to the original work, and are impressed by the image of Jane Eyre in the original work. Many people take Jane Eyre as a role model for her own pursuit of love. After the release of "Jane Eyre", they are very keen to follow the film, because the work itself has strong artistic value. The strong artistic value and effective ideological guide for the pursuit of love in the current era. [10]It has inspired many people who want to pursue love bravely. It expresses some feminist ideas. It tells women to be independent and brave to live for their own. When the society is unfair to women, Jane Eyre educates women to stand up and to fight for their freedom and rights.The film emphasizes that women should be strong and brave to be independent and fight for their own life in audio-visual way.(Zou Botao,2019:2)

Second. The costumes and photography of the film are very beautiful, it can be described as vintage Gothic British fresh style. From the cool tones of the scenes to the mournful soundtrack, it highlights the difficult fate and strong character of the main character, Jane Eyre, in a more powerful way.

Third. In addition, this film has amazing ensemble cast. A successful TV series does not rely on one person, it relies on the combined efforts of all the cast. The performance of characters is the key to success. And each cast’s performance support one specific part of the film. (Zou Botao,2019:2)

Brief Introduction to Nida's Functional Equivalence Theory

In this part, the author will give a brief introduction to this important theory including the definition, the major points and principles. And it will provide the theoretical foundation for the next chapter.

Main ideas of Functional Equivalence Theory

Eugene A. Nida is American linguist, translator, and translation theorist. Nida was a distinguished linguist who traveled to 96 countries, lectured at more than 100 universities, and came to China 13 times -- until 2003, when, at the age of 89, he still lectured in Africa. As a teenager, Nida became a Christian and received the call of Christ to be his Savior in the Church. But he was a man who strictly separated the academic and religious worlds.”he never talked about anything that wasn't academic.”[8] Professor Ye Zinan(2011), a translation theorist, made a point of Mourning Nida. Because of Nida’s high profile and influence on the academic world, mainstream media in the United States and Britain, such as the New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, The Daily Telegraph, and so on, reported on his death, and gave a high appraisal to his academic contribution.(Ye Zinan,2019)

Functional Equivalence Theory was first proposed by Eugene A. Nida. The central concept of Nida's theory is "functional equivalence". And it is so-called "functional equivalence", which does not look for literally rigid correspondence, but rather in order to achieve a functional equivalence between the two languages. In order to convert between the source language and the target language, there is a standard to reduce the difference from a linguistic point of view. Nida advanced the famous translation theory of "dynamic equivalence". In this theory he emphasizes that "translation consists in reproducing the information of the source language from semantics to style in the most appropriate, natural and equivalent language". [3](Nida.E. A.& Charles R.Taber,2004:12)

Nida's translation theory has four basic premises:First, the word is truth; second, convey the spirit of the original; third, express naturally; fourth, be able to produce resonance.

Therefore, in the process of translation, the theory can be the guide for different source text types, and translation should serve the readers. All translation efforts must focus on the acceptability of the target audience, which is the ultimate goal of translation. According to Nida's definition of translation, translation is not only lexical equivalence, but also syntactic, stylistic and cultural equivalence. Besides, Dynamic equivalence consists of four equivalences including vocabulary equivalence, syntactic equivalence,textual equivalence and stylistic equivalence.In these four aspects, Nida thinks, "meaning is the most important, form is secondary" (Guo Jianzhong, 2002, P67). [6]The form is likely to conceal the cultural meaning of the source language and hinder cultural exchange. Therefore, in literary translation, according to Nida’s theory, the translator should accurately reproduce the cultural connotations of the source language in the target language with the four aspects of dynamic equivalence as the translation principle.((Guo Jianzhong,2002:67))

In deciding what should be done to produce the closest natural equivalence, Nida (1993: 92-94) proposes six principles which are as follows.(Nida,1993: 92-94)[12]

(1) If a close, formal translation is likely to result in a misunderstanding of the designative meaning, certain changes must be introduced into the text of the translation or the literal translation may be retained and a footnote explaining the likely misunderstanding must be added.(Nida,1993: 92-94)

(2) If a close, formal translation makes no sense, i.e. is totally obscure in designative meaning, certain changes may be introduced into the text unless the source text is purposely obscure, in which case the obscurity may be retained and a footnote explaining the nature of the obscurity may be very useful and in most instances fully justified. (Nida,1993: 92-94)

(3) If a close, formal translation is so semantically and syntactically difficult that the average person for whom the translation is being made is very likely to give up trying to understand it, certain changes are warranted, although it may be useful to indicate the nature of such changes in an introduction or in footnotes.(Nida,1993: 92-94)

(4) If a close, formal translation is likely to result in serious misunderstanding of the associative meanings of the source text or in a significant loss in a proper appreciation for the stylistic values of the source text, it is important to make such adjustments as are necessary to reflect the associative values of the source text.(Nida,1993: 92-94) NIda (5) The manner in which a translation is to be used has a significant influence upon the extent to which adjustments are to be made.(Nida,1993: 92-94)

(6) The fact that a source text must be translated in such a way as to occur with accompanying codes usually requires a number of adjustments on all levels: phonology,lexicon, syntax, and discourse.(Nida,1993: 92-94)

Enlightenments of Functional Equivalence Theory

To sum up, translation, as a specific form of cultural activity, is characterized by the interaction between two languages, thus resulting in variations in pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar and style, as well as cultural differences among countries. There are also great differences in language translation. Therefore, Functional Equivalence Theory is particularly important in English-Chinese translation, especially in the translation of lexical chunks. In order to achieve functional equivalence, the translator should change the original form, preserve the content of the original, and use the closest and the most natural equivalent of the target language. Besides, the Functional Equivalence Theory is not only effective in language communication, but also in eliminating the problems caused by the cultural differences between China and the west. Correct and scientific translation theories are conducive to the study of linguistics and the communication with world. (Nida,1993: 92-94)

Application of Functional Equivalence Theory in subtitling "Jane Eyre"

In this chapter, the author will discuss the translation methods of Functional Equivalence Theory on subtitling “Jane Eyre”. Considering the characteristics and constrains of subtitle translation, this part will present some techniques and strategies in subtitle translation.In the following discussions, the author will list many examples of “Jane Eyre” to support the application of the Functional Equivalence Theory from many levels including the lexical, the syntactic, the cultural, and the stylistic level.

Lexical equivalence

Lexical translation is the basic work of all translation activities, and word meaning equivalence is also the most basic requirement for film and movie translation under functional equivalence.(Guan Zhuolin,2017:31)

Deletion

Deletion means to delete something unimportant from the source content to better convey the prime theme and remain the original atmosphere. And the structure and ways of expression of Chinese and English sentence pattern are very different. In addition, the constraints of space and time on subtitle translation are also another reason that the translator must delete something useless.

Example 1:Well,I think we should call the doctor.

        我觉得应该请个医生。

Example 2:I’m afraid you’ve have had a tedious journey.

        这一路漫长又无聊。

In subtitle translation, some unnecessary words will be omitted. In order to achieve Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory, content and form must be adjusted to some extent. Therefore, some meaningless parts such as “well” or “I’m afraid” can be left out to remain the core and important meaning of the source language which can make the target audience understand the original content more lucidly and simply.

Amplification

Amplification is a translation strategy to add some words, phrases or unknown information to make the subtitle translation understandable to audience. In order to convey the source language and mood, sometimes translators are supposed to add new information to make target audience experience the same reading experience as the source audience. Similar to deduction, because of the different structure and rule of Chinese and English, Sometimes English will omit some essential parts which can’t be deducted by Chinese. Expansion is important for translators to add essential information which is important to convey original messages.(Guan Zhuolin,2017:33)

Example 3:Nice to get out of the carriage.

      旅途真是太漫长了，真想下去走走。

Example 4:The sea is such a barrier.

      大海像鸿沟，会让我离开。

The sentence of example 3 is spoken by a passenger who has experienced a long journey. It is reasonable for the translator to add “真想下去走走”to make audience feel the tiresome of the passenger better. In example 4, the conversation happens when Rochester is going to get married and asks Jane to work for another family who lives far away in Ireland. The translator adds”会让我离开” to better express Jane’s sincere feeling for Rochester. In this way, audience can understand the feelings of Jane more clearly.

Imitation

The definition of imitation in transition is to make the phonetic copy in the target language. And it is often used to translate the name of place and person.To achieve the functional equivalence at phonetic level, the subtitle translation in "Jane Eyre" also makes use of some imitation.(Guan Zhuolin,2017:33)

Example:Yorkshire Herald

      约克郡先驱报

Example:Mrs.Fairfax

      菲尔法克斯夫人。

In order to achieve functional equivalence at phonetic level, the strategy of imitation is most effectively used in translating some nouns such as place names and people names.

Conversion

Conversion is a great way to help translators reach functional equivalence. As we all know, the rules of English and Chinese sentences has many differences. Conversion is the formation of new words by conversing words of one class to another class. In translation, we can use this method to make the subtitles of targeted language better understood.(Guan Zhuolin,2017:33)

1.Noun—Verb(n.-v.) Example：This girl is a liar(n.).

        因为她爱说谎(v.)。

Example: It is in defiance of every precept(n.).

       这是对学校的训诫(v.)。

2.Verb—Noun(v.-n.) Example: I know you have suffered(v.) greatly.

       我知道，你有过很多苦难(n.)。

3.Adverb—verb(Adv.-v.) Example:Come. Into(adv.) bed.

      来，盖(v.)上被子。

4.Adjective—v(adj.-v.) Example:Your feet are bare(adj.).

      你光(v.)着脚呢。

There are just some examples about the word class conversion in subtitling translation. The translators should pay more attention to the word class conversion in order to meet the maximal equivalence of the targeted language.

Syntactical Equivalence

According to different structures and rules of English and Chinese, syntactical equivalence can be achieved by adjusting sentence pattern and order.(Guan Zhuolin,2017:39)

Adjusting sentence pattern

Sometimes we need to do something to change the sentence pattern of the sentence which can make the subtitling translation better meet the need of functional equivalence. And in this way, the targeted audience can also better experience the TV series as the original audience.

Example: would you follow me, Miss?

       请跟我来，小姐。

Example:Oh,how do you do, my dear?

      终于见面了，亲爱的。

In this translation, we can easily find that the interrogative sentence is translated into the statement, which can better reach the functional equivalence of sentences between the targeted language and the original language.(Guan Zhuolin,2017:39)

Adjusting sentence order

What’s more, sometimes the change of sentence order is in need.

Example:You will not be left alone for so long as I shall live.

      在我有生之年不再让你感到孤独。

Example: He only inherited Thornfield nine years ago.

       他继承桑菲尔德庄园，不过九年时间。

If the two sentences are translated literally, they will be translated as “你不会感到孤独在我活着的时候。”and “他就继承桑菲尔德庄园九年之前。” And they are very strange in Chinese. “在我有生之年不再让你感到孤独” and “他继承桑菲尔德庄园，不过九年时间。” better adapt to the rules of Chinese. In this way, the subtitling translation can better adapt to the targeted audience.

Cultural Equivalence

Different countries have different cultures. And the colorful cultures can be found in their different languages. So in subtitling translation, we must pay much attention to the cultural aspects and cultural connotations.(Guan Zhuolin,2017:35)

=Domestication

Nida, as a representative of domestication believes the translation is dominated by the target language or the readers of the target translation, and the tone is used to please the target readers.Domestication is a common strategy that translators use in subtitle translation. In this film, the translator always uses Chinese proverbs and idioms because they can effectively and accurately express the authentic Chinese. It is needed because Chinese audience can understand the subtitle better and Chinese audience can comprehend it much easier.

Example:I have done what I can for the child.

      我对这孩子已经仁至义尽了。

Example:I hope you don’t think I’m being ungrateful.

      希望你不要认为我忘恩负义。

Foreignization

Foreigniztion in translation means that the translator adopts the original way of expression used by the original author to convey the content of the original text and the original text. Translation is a bilingual and bicultural conversion activity. Foreignization believes that translations should retain the foreign cultural features contained in the original text as much as possible. As a quite famous representative of foreignization,Venuti points out that”the translator seeks to build a community with foreign cultures， to share an understanding with and of them and to collaborate on projects founded on that understanding，going so far as to allow it to revise and develop domestic values and institutions.”(Venuti,1992:58)[11]Its purpose is to broaden the cultural vision of the target language readers and enrich the target language expressiveness and promote the integration of different cultures.(Venuti,1992:58)

Stylistic equivalence

According to the Functional Equivalence Theory, translators are in pursuit of content firstly and form secondly under the premise of pursuing content and meaning equivalence. The destruction of style is acceptable to a certain extent, but a perfect translation is usually characterized by both content and form equivalence. In other words, if the translator can accurately translate the content and form of the source language at the same time, the translation will meet the specific requirements of Functional Equivalence Theory for translation activities at a higher level.(Guan Zhuolin,2017:43)

Formal language and informal language

Different languages will be used in different contexts. Formal language is used in formal occasions such as speeches or essays. While informal language is used in some informal occasions such as parties. While the subtitles of Jane Eyre are mainly originated from daily dialogues, the subtitle translation is translated in informal language. Because of this reason, the translation should use many spoken language and even some popular language.

Example: I bid you good night.

       我祝你晚安了。

Example:You saved my life.I am in your debt.

       你救了我的命。我欠你个人情。

For the example , the conversation takes place between Jane and Rochester. Rochester is the master of the Thorefield while Jane is only a governess hired by Rochester. Their is a big gap between their status and identity.”I bid you good night”is very proper and adapt to social rules of the 19th century British.While the Example , the situation has changed. Rochester said it to Jane after being saved by Jane from a fire. Their relationship has been closer. We can’t judge them by their identity anymore. So the conversation becomes more informal.(Guan Zhuolin,2017:43)

Conclusion

The subtitle translation of Jane Eyre has been discussed from the perspectives of functional equivalence. For one reason, Jane Eyre has enjoyed great popularity all around the world. They can convey many important spiritual values to people. People are supposed to pay more attention to the subtitle translation area. Because subtitle translation is important for people to receive different cultures and values. And it also has great influence on the development and formation of People’s mind. For another reason, the Functional Equivalence Theory is important for translators to do a great translation. Through many works and discussion, it is easy to find the advantages of subtitle translation based on the Functional Equivalence Theory. However, the research is still not mature and worth more exploring and discussions. Subtitle translation is a relatively new area which needs more efforts to be promoted.(Zou Botao,2019:2)

For the theory, the author gives thorough definition of Nida’s theory. Functional Equivalence Theory has been used by many translators in their translation. And it also plays an important role in the development of subtitling translation. It aims at making the target audience’s response same as the original audience’s response to the original texts. And it aims to make the target audience have the same feeling and emotions as the original audience as much as possible. Although there are some scholars who have done some researches on this area, there is still a long way to go in this aspect.

Besides, this thesis is an attempt to apply the Functional Equivalence Theory to the subtitle translation based on some specific examples. The examples are all chosen from an adapted film of Jane Eyre which have enjoyed popularity for a long time since its publication all around the world. The author analyzes this paper from several parts including lexical level, syntactic level, cultural level and stylistic level.(Zou Botao,2019:2)

From the detailed examples, the author explains the subtitle translation of Jane Eyre based on the Functional Equivalence Theory comprehensively. However, there are still some limitations. The examples of Jane Eyre are only focusing on the literary subtitle translation from English to Chinese. And different readers and audience have different standards of translation. Great efforts and further research are still needed in the future study to find more mature theories on the subtitle translation. What’s more, more and more films and TV series are supposed to be analyzed based on the Functional Equivalence Theory. And the author hopes that the subtitle translation will gain more and more concerns in the future.

References

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Venuti,Lawrence(1995).The Translator's Invisibility.London and New York:Routledge,1995.

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Liu Xiaoran刘晓然(2019).论《简·爱》中女权主义思想的表现形式 On the Expression of Feminism in "Jane Eyre"[J].赤峰学院学报 (汉文哲学社会科学版)Journal of Chifeng Academy(Chinese Philosophy and Social Science Edition),2019,40(05):89-91.

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Zou Botao邹柏涛(2019).探讨英美文学作品在影视剧中的艺术价值——以《简爱》为例 Exploring the artistic value of English and American literature in film and television dramas--Take "Jane Eyre" as an example[J].青年文学家 Young Literary Artist,2019(8):2.--Zhan Ruoxuan (talk) 02:08, 14 December 2021 (UTC)