Classical Chinese 2023

内容 Contents

This class is offered with 60 hours of contact classes, including 15 hours of lectures (introduction to and historical background of texts), 30 hours of practical classes (translation excercises into modern Chinese), 15 hours of conversational classes (vocabulary, grammar, text assessment)

Session 1

• Organizational things: volunteers: teaching assistant, wiki admin, survey assistants, translation assistants. Every student selects a topic from the list and prepares a 5 minute presentation once during the semester.
• General introduction to classical Chinese language
• Prose writing in classical Chinese
• Poetry in classical Chinese

Organizational things

volunteers: teaching assistant, wiki admin, survey assistants, translation assistants. Every student selects a topic from the list and prepares a 5 minute presentation once during the semester.

General introduction to classical Chinese language

• wenyanwen 文言文 (縮寫 文言)

窄意思：戰國時期的中文 the Chinese used in the period of the Warring States 5th - 3rd cent. BCE.

sino tibetan language family

last phase of old Chinese

光意思：到20世紀用的書面語

秦朝開始文言文變成“死語言”（像拉丁語）。

• 繁體字（台灣叫做“正體字”）Traditional characters

文言韓國/朝鮮: muneon (문언, Hanja: 文言)

漢文韓國/朝鮮: hanmun (한문, Hanja: 漢文)

漢文日語：kanbun

漢文越南語：văn ngôn

• Monosyllabic vs. bisyllabic

單音節——雙音節

• Grammar (emphasis on contrast to modern Chinese)
• Pronounciation not totally known (relevance in poetry)

Lautung der späten Zhou-Zeit von Bedeutung. Hierfür gibt es im Wesentlichen fünf Quellen:

1. die Reime des Shi Jing (10 Jh. bis 7 Jh. v. Chr.) aus der frühen Zhou-Dynastie
2. Rückschlüsse aus der Anwendung phonetischer Elemente zur Bildung von Zeichen
3. das Qieyun (601 n. Chr.), das die Zeichen nach Anlaut und Reim ordnet
4. Schreibungen chinesischer Namen in fremden Schriften, chinesische Transkriptionen fremder Namen und Wörter, #chinesische Lehnwörter in fremden Sprachen

The Analects – introduction

仲尼《論語》概要 The Analects have not been written by Kungfutse, but similarly to Platon's works were written down by his disciples and followers. Kungfutse mostly became known through the rewriting of probably Mengzi, who called himself "The 2nd greatest philosopher after Kungfutse". Mengzi was not successful in his career, but had to travel a lot to offer his service to different rulers. Therefore, he seem to have invented the travels of Kongfutse. Since the Lunyu was forbidden in Qin Dynasty, the version we have today is based on n Zheng Xuan (127-200) merging three texts. Also, the Lunyu does not consist out of only Confucian thoughts, but are a collection from several sources including those refering to their masters with "子曰". Kungfutse himself was called "仲尼" in his time. Also, main ideas we call "Confucianist" today, like the unity of Zhou, the importance of rites and the filial piety are far older than Confucius. Therefore, we have a pre-Confucian Confucianism. Confucianism is called "儒學" and Neo-Confucianism "新學". One of the main ideas of Confucius is the Golden Rule. Hegel later referred to this as the start of the "Walk of the World Spirit" over the 100 Schools, Buddha, Zaratustra, Ancient Greek Philosophy, Roman Philosophy to German Philosophy.

• The Analects – vocabulary 常用詞
• The Analects – grammar 古漢語常識

Punctuation

• The Analects - translation exercises
• 1.1 https://ctext.org/analects/ 子曰：「...有朋自遠方來，不亦樂乎？ Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? (James Legge) It is not delightful to have friends come from afar?
• 12.2 己所不欲，勿施於人。 "Do not do to others what you would not like done to yourself"; "a man with ren, desiring to establish himself, helps others establish themselves; desiring to succeed himself, helps others to succeed" (Analects 12.2; 6.28). "2. Confucius' Social Philosophy". Riegel, Jeffrey (Spring 2012). "Confucius". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2012/entries/confucius/

The Book of Rites – introduction 概要

《禮記》

• The Book of Rites – vocabulary 常用詞
• The Book of Rites – grammar
• The Book of Rites - translation exercises

〈禮連〉"大同與小康"

*The Book of Songs – introduction

• The Book of Songs – vocabulary
• The Book of Songs – grammar
• The Book of Songs - translation exercises

*The Songs of Chu – introduction

• The Songs of Chu – vocabulary
• The Songs of Chu – grammar
• The Songs of Chu - translation exercises

*Poetry of the Tang Dynasty – introduction

• Poetry of the Tang Dynasty – vocabulary
• Poetry of the Tang Dynasty – grammar
• Poetry of the Tang Dynasty - translation exrecises

Text books

• Zhang Lianrong [&] Liu Ziyu (ed.) 2019. Gudai Hanyu (shang xia ce). Beijing: Beijing Daxue Chubanshe

同学出勤要求

同学出勤要求为：每一周要准备课文，包括相关的生词和语法，证明：线上的多选题考试。作业：翻译和校对同学的翻译，都要在wiki平台上的课网页里面做。每个学期一次要做展示。期末论文要用中文写至少1000个字。每个学期要参加两次问卷调查。

Classical Chinese - Syllabus

I. General information

1. Course name: Classical Chinese

2. Course code: 09-JchK-M-12, 09-JChK-M-22

3. Course type (compulsory or optional): Compulsory

4. Study programme name: Sinology

5. Cycle of studies (1st or 2nd cycle of studies or full master’s programme): Second-cycle programme

6. Educational profile (general academic profile or practical profile): General academic profile

7. Year of studies (if relevant): 1st year (1st and 2nd semester)

8. Type of classes and number of contact hours (e.g. lectures: 15 hours; practical classes: 30 hours): 60 hours of conversatory classes (30 + 30)

9. Number of ECTS credits: 6 (3 + 3)

10. Name, surname, academic degree/title of the course lecturer/other teaching staff: Martin Woesler, Dr.

11. Language of classes: Chinese

12. Online learning – yes (partly – online / fully – online) / no: yes (partly, where useful): no (fully - presence)

II. Detailed information

1. Course aim (aims):

• Expanding students' knowledge of the grammatical structures and vocabulary of classical Chinese.
• Acquainting students with selected works written in classical Chinese.
• Developing the ability to interpret and analyse works written in classical Chinese.
• Expanding students' knowledge of the differences between classical and modern Chinese.
• Enriching students' knowledge of classical Chinese culture.

2. Pre-requisites in terms of knowledge, skills and social competences (if relevant): Students should have a command of Chinese at B2 level of the European Framework of References for Languages (CEFR).

3. Course learning outcomes (EU) in terms of knowledge, skills and social competences and their reference to study programme learning outcomes (EK):

Course learning outcome symbol (EU) On successful completion of this course, a student will be able to: Reference to study programme learning outcomes (EK)

JCKM_01 is aware of the development of Chinese language, reflected in written texts from different historical periods K_W02, K_W06

JCKM_02 understands the meaning of texts written in classical Chinese K_U05

JCKM_03 translates texts written in classical Chinese into modern Chinese K_U04, K_U06

JCKM_04 understands the grammatical differences between classical and modern Chinese K_W02, K_W06

JCKM_05 understands the cultural, philosophical and social context of the studied texts K_W02

JCKM_06 reads texts written in traditional Chinese characters K_U05

4. Learning content with reference to course learning outcomes (EU)

Course learning content: Course learning outcome symbol (EU)

General introduction to classical Chinese language JCKM_01, JCKM_04 JCKM_05

Prose writing in classical Chinese JCKM_01, JCKM_05

Poetry in classical Chinese JCKM_01, JCKM_05

The Analects – introduction JCKM_05

The Analects – vocabulary JCKM_02, JCKM_06

The Analects – grammar JCKM_04, JCKM_06

The Analects - translation exercises JCKM_02, JCKM_03 JCKM_04, JCKM_06

The Book of Rites – introduction JCKM_05

The Book of Rites – vocabulary JCKM_02, JCKM_06

The Book of Rites – grammar JCKM_04, JCKM_06

The Book of Rites - translation exercises JCKM_02, JCKM_03 JCKM_04, JCKM_06

The Book of Songs – introduction JCKM_05

The Book of Songs – vocabulary JCKM_02, JCKM_06

The Book of Songs – grammar JCKM_04, JCKM_06

The Book of Songs - translation exercises JCKM_02, JCKM_03 JCKM_04, JCKM_06

The Songs of Chu – introduction JCKM_05

The Songs of Chu – vocabulary JCKM_02, JCKM_06

The Songs of Chu – grammar JCKM_04, JCKM_06

The Songs of Chu - translation exercises JCKM_02, JCKM_03 JCKM_04, JCKM_06

Poetry of the Tang Dynasty – introduction JCKM_05

Poetry of the Tang Dynasty – vocabulary JCKM_02, JCKM_06

Poetry of the Tang Dynasty – grammar JCKM_04, JCKM_06

Poetry of the Tang Dynasty - translation exrecises JCKM_02, JCKM_03 JCKM_04, JCKM_06

5. Reading list:

Zhang Lianrong [&] Liu Ziyu (ed.) 2019. Gudai Hanyu (shang xia ce). Beijing: Beijing Daxue Chubanshe.

Woesler Martin (ed.) 2023. Reader Classical Chinese – Selected Texts, Bochum: European University Press [free e-book copies provided]

III. Additional information

1. Teaching and learning methods and activities to enable students to achieve the intended course learning outcomes (please indicate the appropriate methods and activities with a tick and/or suggest different methods)

Teaching and learning methods and activities X

Lecture with a multimedia presentation

Interactive lecture X

Problem – based lecture X

Discussions

Text-based work X

Case study work

Problem-based learning

Educational simulation/game

Task – solving learning (eg. calculation, artistic, practical tasks)

Experiential work

Laboratory work

Scientific inquiry method

Workshop method

Project work

Demonstration and observation

Sound and/or video demonstration

Creative methods (eg. brainstorming, SWOT analysis, decision tree method, snowball technique, concept maps)

Group work X

Other (please specify) – translation exercises X

2. Assessment methods to test if learning outcomes have been achieved (please indicate with a tick the appropriate methods for each LO and/or suggest different methods)

Assessment methods Course learning outcome symbol

_01 _02 _03 _04 _05 _06

Written exam X X X X X X

Oral exam

Open book exam

Written test

Oral test

Multiple choice test X X X X X X

Project

Essay

Report

Individual presentation X X X X X X

Practical exam (performance observation)

Portfolio

Other (please specify) - writing translations of selected texts X X X X

…

3. Student workload and ECTS credits

Activity types Mean number of hours spent on each activity type

Contact hours with the teacher as specified in the study programme 60

Independent study* Preparation for classes 20

Reading for classes 20

Essay / report / presentation / demonstration preparation, etc.

Project preparation 0

Term paper preparation

Exam preparation 30

Other (please specify) –writing translations of selected texts 50

…

Total hours 180

Total ECTS credits for the course 6

4. Assessment criteria in accordance with AMU in Poznan’s grading system: Very good (bdb; 5,0): very good awareness of the development of Chinese language; very good knowledge of cultural, philosophical and social contexts; very good ability to understand and translate texts written in classical Chinese, very good knowledge of the differences between classical and modern Chinese, no problems with reading texts written in traditional Chinese characters; Good plus (db+; 4,5): few shortcomings in comparison with the above; Good (db; 4,0): wider range of shortcomings; good ability to understand and translate texts written in Classical Chinese; good knowledge of the differences between Classical and Modern Chinese; occasional problems with reading texts written in traditional Chinese characters; Satisfactory plus (dst+; 3,5): sufficient awareness of the development of Chinese language; poor knowledge of cultural, philosophical and social contexts; sufficient ability to understand and translate texts written in classical Chinese; sufficient knowledge of the differences between classical and modern Chinese; Satisfactory (dst; 3,0): sufficient awareness of the development of Chinese language; poor knowledge of cultural, philosophical and social contexts; poor ability to understand and translate texts written in classical Chinese; poor knowledge of the differences between classical and modern Chinese; Unsatisfactory (ndst; 2,0): lack of awareness of the development of Chinese language; insufficient understanding of cultural, philosophical and social contexts; insufficient ability to understand and translate texts written in Classical Chinese, lack of knowledge of the differences between Classical and Modern Chinese.