Chinese Language and Culture 2024

Welcome to Chinese Language and Culture 2024

THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 MA2 (23级笔译口译 Translation & Interpretation) 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture 2024, Textbook: Woesler 2024, 1 5.9., 2 12.9., 3 19.9., 4 26.9., 5 10.10., 6 17.10., 7 24.10., 8 31.10., 9 7.11., 10 14.11., 11 21.11., 12 28.11., 13 5.12., 14 12.12., 15 19.12., 16 26.12.

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• Yu Yi
• Memo
• Guo Zibin
• Binbin
• Glen
• Liu Li
• Liu Zhuofan
• Drovan
• Wu Ziyi
• Andrew
• Wang Xuan
• Cynthia
• Wang Yan
• Doris
• Wu Jing
• Jennie

1. Geographic Nature as a Basis for Cultural Development .. 16

2. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Chinese Marriage Customs ............................................................................. 21

3. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Habits, Ways of Contacting .......................................................................... 28

4. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Marriage-Accompanying Songs in Hunan ......................................... 37

5. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: Crying Marriage of Tujia ................................................................................... 46

6. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Four Most Handsome Men in Ancient China ...................................... 60

7. Animals: Panda .................................................................. 68

8. Architecture ....................................................................... 75

9. Architecture: The Forbidden City .................................... 84

10. Architecture: Four Famous Bridges ................................... 97

11. Architecture: Four Great Pavilions .................................. 107

12. Architecture: Shengjing Imperial Palace .......................... 118

13. Architecture: Three Great Towers in China ..................... 125

14. Architecture: Fengshui in Chinese Architecture .............. 138

15. Army and weapons: Chinese Ancient Weapons ............... 147

16. Army and weapons: Terracotta Army .............................. 155

17. Astrology: Chinese Astrology .......................................... 162

18. Astrology: Calendar, The 24 Solar Terms ........................ 169

19. Astrology: Twelve Animals of the Chinese Zodiac .......... 178

20. Beverages: Milk Tea ........................................................ 186

21. Beverages: Tea ................................................................. 193

22. Beverages: The Liquor Culture of Ancient China ............ 198

23. Body movement performance: Chinese Lion Dancing .. 207

24. Body movement performance: Stilts ................................ 211

25. Body movement performance: Traditional Chinese Dance 6 ......................................................................................... 217

26. Chinese Writing: Ancient Writing and Painting Tool, Writing Brush ................................................................................ 223

27. Chinese Writing: Calligraphy ........................................... 232

28. Chinese Writing: The Evolution of Calligraphy ............... 238

29. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters ............................... 247

30. Chinese Writing: Chinese Characters and Scripts ............ 260

31. Clothing: Chinese Clothing .............................................. 267

32. Clothing: Batik (Lanran) .................................................. 275

33. Clothing: Cheongsam ....................................................... 285

34. Confucianism: Confucian Culture .................................... 293

35. Confucianism: Chinese Traditional Culture-Five Constant Virtues .............................................................................. 307

36. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Confucius and Confucianism ................................................................... 315

37. Confucianism: Classical Philosophy - Reading The Analects ......................................................................................... 322

38. Education: Ancient Chinese Education ............................ 332

39. Education: Historical Figures, The Four Talented Women of Ancient China .................................................................. 343

40. Education: Modern Chinese Education System ............... 353

41. Education: The Nine-Grade Official Selection System in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties .............................. 367

42. Education: Yuelu Academy (One of the Four Most Prestigious Academies) .................................................... 376

43. Facial Make-up ................................................................ 386

44. Facial Make-up: Cosmetics, Traditional Chinese Make-Up ......................................................................................... 393

45. Facial Make-up: Face Changing in Sichuan Opera .......... 409

46. Fine Arts: Painting ........................................................... 418

47. Fine Arts: Bada Shanren and Qi Baishi ............................ 423

48. Fine Arts: Painting Riverside Scene at Tomb Sweeping Day ......................................................................................... 429

49. Fine Arts: Seal-cutting ..................................................... 436 7

50. Games: Go 围棋 ........................................................... 439

51. Games: Kite Flying .......................................................... 445

52. Games: Mahjong: An Ancient Chinese card play ............ 452

53. Garden Culture: Gardens ................................................. 480

54. Garden Culture: Bonsai (Penjing) .................................. 486

55. Garden Culture: The Summer Palace ............................... 493

56. Garden Culture: Qingming Riverside Landscspe Garden 500

57. Gender: Wu Zetian: The Only Female Emperor of Imperial China ................................................................................ 509

58. History: Carl and Cixi ...................................................... 521

59. Interieur: The Folding Screen .......................................... 525

60. Landscapes and Tourism: Four Buddhist Shrines ............ 534

61. Landscapes and Tourism: Four State-Level Cultural Relics ......................................................................................... 545

62. Landscapes and Tourism: Landscape, Five Famous Mountains ........................................................................ 555

63. Landscapes and Tourism: Mogao Grottoes ...................... 563

64. Landscapes and Tourism: The Culture of Mount Tai ....... 576

65. Landscapes and Tourism: Canal Culture：The Grand Canal（The Peking-Hangzhou Grand Canal） ........................ 591

66. Landscapes and Tourism: The Ancient Tea Horse Road .. 604

67. Landscapes and Tourism: Tourism, Nanking-An Ancient Capital of Six Dynasties ................................................... 610

68. Language: Chinese Language .......................................... 616

69. Language: Chinese Dialects ............................................. 626

70. Language: Chinese Folk Argot ......................................... 635

71. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Classical Fairy Tales ......................................................................................... 646

72. Literature: Ancient literature - Chinese Mythology ......... 653

73. Literature: Ancient literature - Classical Literature .......... 664

74. Literature: Ancient Literature - Four satirical novels in ancient China ................................................................... 671

75. Literature: Ancient literature: Four Folk Stories of Ancient 8 China ................................................................................ 680

76. Literature: Ancient Literature - Take Su Shi as an example. Relegation Literature in Ancient China ............................ 689

77. Literature: Ancient Literature: The Classic of Mountains and Seas .................................................................................. 711

78. Literature: Ancient literature: Yuefu................................. 727

79. Literature: Premodern literature - China's Four Great Classical Novels .................................................................................. 734

80. Literature: Premodern literature - Li Bai's “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter” and its translations ............... 741

81. Literature: Premodern literature: Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio ................................................................. 747

82. Literature: Premodern literature: Tang-Song.................... 755

83. Literature: Tang and Song - Classical Prose Movement of late Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty ..................................... 783

84. Literature: Modern Literature .......................................... 792

85. Literature: Modern Literature: Qian Zhongshu (Ch'ien Chung-shu) ....................................................................... 800

86. Literature: Modern and Contemporary Literature: Literature, Science Fiction, and Fantasy ............................................ 807

87. Literature: Contemporary Literature ................................ 818

88. Martial Arts: Huo Yuanjia ................................................ 823

89. Martial Arts: Qigong ........................................................ 826

90. Martial Arts: Taiji (Tai Chi) Shadow Boxing ................... 831

91. Martial Arts: Wushu ......................................................... 842

92. Martial Arts: Frolics of the Five Animals (Wuqinxi) ....... 847

93. Medicine: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) ............. 857

94. Medicine: TCM - Acupuncture and Moxibustion ............ 863

95. Medicine: TCM - Diagnosis and Pharmacology .............. 868

96. Medicine: TCM - The Development of Chinese Medicine ......................................................................................... 873

97. Medicine: TCM – The Chinese Medical Sage Zhang Zhongjing ......................................................................... 880

98. Minority cultures: Lisu People and Daogan Festival of Lisu Ethnic Minority ................................................................ 889

99. Minority cultures: The Ethnic Minorities’ Costumes ....... 896

100. Money culture: Currency, Jiaozi (A Paper Currency in Northern Song Dynasty) .................................................. 907

101. Money culture: The tradition of Red Envelope and Lucky Money ............................................................................ 917

102. Music and instruments: Guzheng ..................................... 928

103. Music and instruments: Pipa ............................................ 939

104. Mythology: Gods and Immortals ..................................... 949

105. Mythology: Huli-jing ....................................................... 958

106. National Symbols: National Anthem ............................... 969

107. National Symbols: National Flag ..................................... 976

108. Opera: Peking Opera ........................................................ 984

109. Opera: Peking Opera Acrobatics ...................................... 992

110. Opera: Peking Opera Actor Mei Lanfang ........................ 999

111. Opera: Tea-picking Opera .............................................. 1004

112. Opera: Hunan Flower-drum Opera (Huagu Opera) ........ 1012

113. Philosophical Schools: Four Main Philosophical Schools ....................................................................................... 1023

114. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy – Daoism ...................................... 1032

115. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading Tao Te Ching ............... 1037

116. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Sutra of Hui-neng . 1043

117. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Classical Philosophy - Reading The Importance of Living ....................................................................................... 1049

118. Philosophical Schools (Daoism, Buddhism, Legalism): Legalism ....................................................................... 1060

119. Philosophy: Chinese Traditional Cultivation Culture .... 1070

120. Religion: Traditional Chinese Funeral Culture .............. 1082

121. Religion: Buddhism ....................................................... 1096

122. Religion: Daoism ........................................................... 1110

123. Religion: Christianity ..................................................... 1115

124. Religion: Islam ............................................................... 1121

125. Science and Technology: Ancient Science and Technology ....................................................................................... 1125

126. Science and Technology: China's Four New Inventions 1130

127. Science and Technology: Compass ................................ 1154

128. Science and Technology: TikTok (Douyin) .................... 1162

129. Science and Technology: Three Giant Home Appliance Enterprises In China ..................................................... 1171

130. Science and Technology: Four Domestic Mobile Phone Companies ..................................................................... 1191

131. Silk and porcelain: Silk .................................................. 1206

132. Silk and porcelain: Porcelain ......................................... 1211

133. Silk and porcelain: Celadon and Celadon Song 《青花瓷》歌词 ............................................................................... 1217

134. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zhang Qian and the Silk Road ....................................................................................... 1224

135. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He and the Maritime Silk Road ....................................................................... 1229

136. Silk Road - by land and by sea: Zheng He's Voyages .... 1233

137. Social: The Long-life Lock ............................................ 1241

138. Social: Round Table Culture .......................................... 1249

139. Stage entertainment: Crosstalk 相声 ............................. 1257

140. Stage entertainment: Shadow Play ................................. 1264

141. Traditional Crafts: Carving ............................................ 1272

142. Traditional Crafts: Chinese Jade Culture ....................... 1280

143. Traditional Crafts: Cloisonne ......................................... 1294

144. Traditional Crafts: Embroidery ...................................... 1298

145. Traditional Crafts: Shu Embroidery (Sichuan Embroidery) ....................................................................................... 1302

146. Traditional Crafts: Xiang Embroidery ........................... 1315

147. Traditional Crafts: Folk Art - Chinese Paper-cutting ..... 1329

148. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Chinese Knots ............... 1336

149. Traditional Crafts: Lacquerware .................................... 1344

150. Traditional Crafts: The Kingfisher Craft点翠 ............... 1349

151. Traditional Cuisine: Chinese Dining Etiquette ............... 1362

152. Traditional Cuisine: Chopsticks ..................................... 1376

153. Traditional Cuisine: Eight Major Cuisines of China ...... 1381

154. Traditional Cuisine: Four Distinct Regional Cuisines .... 1398

155. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Wuhan .......... 1404

156. Traditional Cuisine: Tanghulu, Sugar-coated Haws on a Stick ....................................................................................... 1414

157. Traditional Cuisine: Hotpot ............................................ 1423

158. Traditional Cuisine: The Art of Chinese Cooking .......... 1430

159. Traditional Cuisine: Two Famous Dishes ...................... 1436

160. Traditional Festivals ....................................................... 1440

161. Traditional Festivals: Lattice on Ancient Chinese Windows ....................................................................................... 1447

162. Traditional Festivals: Spring Festival Couplets ............. 1459

163. Westernization: The Eastward Spread of Western Learning ....................................................................................... 1465

164. Westernization: The Westernization Movement ............. 1471

165. Worship: Chinese Incense Culture ................................. 1479

166. Economy: Chinese Currency Changes ........................... 1489

167. History: Wang Shouren .................................................. 1493

168. Martial Arts: Chinese Swordsman Spirit ........................ 1502

169. Cuisine: Luosifen ........................................................... 1513

170. Fine Arts: Chinese Paper Cutting ................................... 1521

171. Science and Technology: Taobao(淘宝) ...................... 1531

172. Traditional Craft: Bronze ............................................... 1541

173. Entertainment: Deyunshe 德云社 ................................. 1548

174. Traditional Cuisine: Jiaozi ............................................. 1561

175. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: the Photo Retouching Culture in China ............................................................. 1572

176. Traditional Crafts: Handcraft - Oil-paper Umbrella ....... 1581

177. stage entertainment:Yuan drama .................................... 1592

178. Music and instruments: Erhu ......................................... 1601

179. Traditional and Modern Views on Marriage and Love .. 1608

180. Traditional Cuisine: Tangyuan ....................................... 1615

181. Animals：Golden Monkey ............................................ 1625

182. Chinese Economy: rich businessmen ............................. 1631

183. Opera: Chinese Local Operas ........................................ 1639

184. The Chinese tradition of ancestor worship ..................... 1651

185. Opera: Huangmei opera ................................................. 1663

186. The “reference” of Chinese Music........................... 1670

187. Chinese Folk Art:Lion Dance ........................................ 1676

188. Science and Technology: Mobile Games（手游） ....... 1691

189. Clothing: Vintage Clothing ............................................ 1697

190. Fine arts:Kunqu Opera ................................................... 1704

191. Aesthetic ideals and social customs: The Culture of Flowers ....................................................................................... 1712

192. National Belief: the Chinese Dream .............................. 1722

193. Science and Technology: Buytogether（PDD) ............ 1729

194. Aesthetic ideals and social customs：Marriage and Burial Customs of Tujia People ................................................ 1748

195. Traditional Cuisine: Breakfast Culture of Guangdong传统美食：广东早餐文化 ....................................................... 1753

196. Telecast: Become a Farmer 种地吧 .............................. 1765

197. Animals: Chinese Rural Dogs 动物：中华田园犬 ...... 1773

198. Clothing: Hanfu 汉服：揭示中国传统服饰之美 ........ 1781

199. Music and instruments: Chime 音乐与乐器：编钟 ..... 1788

200. Garden Culture: Suzhou Gardens 苏州园林 ................. 1795

201. Traditional crafts: Moon-shaped Fans 传统技艺：团扇 1806

202. Minority cultures: Miao Silver Ornaments Culture 苗族银饰文化 ................................................................... 1827

203. Mysterious culture: Facial Physiognomy 相面术 ......... 1836

204. Games: Chinese Chess 游戏：象棋 ............................. 1847

205. Music and instruments: Guqin 古琴 ............................. 1863

206. Music and instruments: The Spring Snow 音乐和乐器：《阳春白雪》 ........................................................................... 1878

207. The "Four Gentlemen": Plum, Orchid Bamboo, Chrysanthemum “四君子”的象征意义 ....................... 1885

208. Traditional festivals: The Flower Fairy Festival 花朝节 1898

209. Architecture: Shigu Academy 建筑：石鼓书院 .......... 1906

210. Cuisine: Changde spicy salted duck 酱板鸭传说的由来 1918

211. Beverages: Sexy Tea 饮品：茶颜悦色 ........................ 1926

212. Opera: Flower-drum Opera 花鼓戏 .............................. 1935

213. Traditional Festivals: Shangsi Festival 上巳节 ............. 1943

214. Ancient Chinese Women's Culture: Ji Sor (Self-combing female) 自梳女 ................................................................. 1949

215. Cuisine: Dong'an chicken: The Premier Dish of Hunan Cuisine 东安鸡： 湘菜之首 ........................................... 1962

216. Ancient Chinese Women's Culture：Nüshu (Women's Script) 女书 ................................................................................... 1970

217. Opera: Shaoxing Opera 越剧 ........................................ 1991

218. Traditional Crafts: Jade Carving Art 玉雕 .................... 1997

219. Chinese snack: spicy gluten 中国小吃：辣条 ............. 2003

220. Social Phenomenon: Marriage: Women Being Urged to Get Married 婚姻：被催婚的女性 ........................................ 2010

221. Chinese mythology: Chinese Dragon Culture 中国龙是什么 ....................................................................................... 2019

222. Minority cultures: Laosicheng 老司城 ......................... 2028

223. The Torch of Unity: Celebrating Torch Festival Among China's Ethnic Minorities 团结的火炬——中国少数民族庆祝火把节 ........................................................................... 2041

224. Chinese Painting: A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains 《千里江山图》 ............................................ 2048

225. Festival: Qixi Festival 七夕节 ...................................... 2055

226. Music and instruments: Yuge (Fishing song) 渔歌 ....... 2063

227. Education: Chicken Child (Fired-up Child) 教育：鸡娃 2071

228. Chinese Science Fiction: The Three-Body Problem 中国科幻小说：《三体》 ............................................................. 2083

229. Ganshi in Xiangxi: The Cycle of Life and Death under Ancient Witchcraft 湘西赶尸：古老巫术下的生死轮回 2092

230. Architecture: Chinese Memorial Archway (Paifang) 中国传统建筑：牌坊 ................................................................... 2098

231. Chinese Animation 中国动画传统 ............................... 2110

232. Social Phenomenon: Military-style Travel 特种兵式旅游 2121

233. Folk Art: Youshen Fairs 游神 ....................................... 2131

234. Nuo Opera 傩戏 ............................................................ 2141

235. Music and Instruments: Suona Horn 唢呐 .................... 2157

236. Chinese Handicraft: Kesi 中国手工艺品：缂丝 .......... 2166

237. Sangzhi Folk Songs 桑植民歌 ...................................... 2173

238. Music and instrument: Ancient Chinese pentatonic scale – Gong, Shang, Jue, Zhi, Yu 五声音阶，汉族古代音律：宫—商—角—徵—羽 ............................................................... 2192

239. Social Phenomenon: Mobile Population 社会现象：流动人口 ....................................................................................... 2204

240. Chinese tradition culture: Zanhua 簪花 ........................ 2213

241. Incense Culture 香道文化 ............................................ 2221

242. The Imperial Civil Examination System 科举制度 ...... 2230

243. Literature: Qu Yuan 文学：屈原 .................................. 2238

244. Games: pitch-pot game (Touhu) 投壶游戏 ................... 2244

245. Folk Art: Piao Se 民间艺术：飘色 .............................. 2253

246. Jingdezhen Porcelain 景德镇陶瓷 ................................ 2261

247. Folk Traditional Customs: Fireworks and Firecrackers 民间传统习俗：烟花和爆竹 ........................................... 2270

248. The Literati Painting of the Ming Dynasty: The Wu School 明代文人画：吴门画派 ................................................... 2278

249. Thangka 唐卡 ............................................................... 2285

250. Striking iron flower 打铁花 .......................................... 2294

251. Chinese Cuisine: Xiang Cuisine – One of the Eight Major Cuisines 湘菜 ................................................................... 2302

252. The Evolution of the Official Selection System 仕进制度 2312