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'''Sun Wukong - the Monkey King in People's Hearts Forever''' | '''Sun Wukong - the Monkey King in People's Hearts Forever''' | ||
| − | '''Abstract''' | + | *'''Abstract''' |
| − | As a unique mythical image in the novel Journey to the West, Sun Wukong symbolizes the embodiment of natural power and the bearer of supernatural ability, reflecting the ancient pursuit of personal spiritual detachment. He is a hero in the hearts of the Chinese people. Not only this, Sun Wukong, a cross-cultural symbol, has demonstrated its spiritual and cultural significance of China on a global scale. The image of Sun Wukong shows cultural and social values in many ways through individual resistance, courage and wisdom.（Zhang 2024, 81-84） | + | *As a unique mythical image in the novel Journey to the West, Sun Wukong symbolizes the embodiment of natural power and the bearer of supernatural ability, reflecting the ancient pursuit of personal spiritual detachment. He is a hero in the hearts of the Chinese people. Not only this, Sun Wukong, a cross-cultural symbol, has demonstrated its spiritual and cultural significance of China on a global scale. The image of Sun Wukong shows cultural and social values in many ways through individual resistance, courage and wisdom.（Zhang 2024, 81-84） |
| − | '''The Introduction of Sun Wukong''' | + | *'''The Introduction of Sun Wukong''' |
| − | Sun Wukong, also known as the Great Sage Equalling Heaven, Sun Pilgrim and Victorious Fighting Buddha, is one of the main characters in Four Great Classical Novels——Journey to the West, which is written by Wu Chengen. Sun was born on the Flower-Fruit Mountain of the East Pūrvavideha Continent from an ancient rock created by the coupling of Heaven and Earth. He first distinguished himself by bravely entering the Water Curtain Cave on the mountain; for this feat, his monkey tribe gave him the title of "Handsome Monkey-King". Then he traveled overseas to learn. Sun Wukong was the name given by his teacher, Subhuti. “Sun” has the similar pronunciation with the word “monkey” in Chinese, and the latter part his name means "Awakened to Emptiness", that is the understanding of the Dharma and insight into the world. He learned the 72 methods of transformation, somersault cloud and other superb spells. Finally, he followed the Tang Monk to the west to fetch the Sutras, and achieved positive results. | + | *Sun Wukong, also known as the Great Sage Equalling Heaven, Sun Pilgrim and Victorious Fighting Buddha, is one of the main characters in Four Great Classical Novels——Journey to the West, which is written by Wu Chengen. Sun was born on the Flower-Fruit Mountain of the East Pūrvavideha Continent from an ancient rock created by the coupling of Heaven and Earth. He first distinguished himself by bravely entering the Water Curtain Cave on the mountain; for this feat, his monkey tribe gave him the title of "Handsome Monkey-King". Then he traveled overseas to learn. Sun Wukong was the name given by his teacher, Subhuti. “Sun” has the similar pronunciation with the word “monkey” in Chinese, and the latter part his name means "Awakened to Emptiness", that is the understanding of the Dharma and insight into the world. He learned the 72 methods of transformation, somersault cloud and other superb spells. Finally, he followed the Tang Monk to the west to fetch the Sutras, and achieved positive results. |
Sun Wukong is not only a well-known mythological figure in China, but also an image representative of punishing the evil to help the good, daring to fight, and an important symbol of Chinese culture.（Sun 2024, 80-83） | Sun Wukong is not only a well-known mythological figure in China, but also an image representative of punishing the evil to help the good, daring to fight, and an important symbol of Chinese culture.（Sun 2024, 80-83） | ||
| − | '''The Experience of Sun Wukong''' | + | *'''The Experience of Sun Wukong''' |
| − | Sun Wukong is a stone monkey. After he was born, he led the monkey group to live in the Water Curtain Cave of the Flower-Fruit Mountain. Then the natural death of a monkey made Sun Wukong traveled oversea to visit Subhuti and seek immortality. When return to his homeland, Sun Wukong found himself has no weapons, so he went the Dragon palace of the Eastern Sea to take the As−You−Will Gold−Banded Cudgel. In order to get immortality of his tribe, he ruined the Book of Life and Death. However, these thing also alarmed the Jade Emperor. So Sun Wukong was given a minor position in the Heaven as the Keeper of Horses so they can keep an eye on him. This job is a very low position, and when he realized that he was given a low position and not considered a full-fledged god, he becomes very angry. Upon returning to his mountain, he puts up a flag and declares himself the "Great Sage Equalling Heaven." Then the Jade Emperor dispatched celestial soldiers, such as the Mighty Spirit God, the pagoda−bearing Heavenly King and the Third Prince Nata to arrest Sun Wukong, but no one succeeded. The Jade Emperor had no choice but to admit his title and appointed him to be the guardian of the heavenly peach garden. But being not invited to the Heavenly Peach Banquet and being mocked, so he starts causing trouble in Heaven and ate the Lord Lao Zi of the Great Monad’s golden pills. After escaping back to the Flower-Fruit Mountain, he was captured back to heaven under the combined forces of celestial troops, the True Lord Erlangzhenjun and the Lord Lao Zi of the Great Monad. Later, in the the Lord Lao Zi's Eight Trigrams Furnace, he gained a steel-hard body and Fiery Golden Eyes that could see very far into the distance and through any disguise, becoming the strongest man in the Heaven. Sun Wukong defeated an army of 100,000 celestial troops, led by the Four Heavenly Kings and the Twenty-Eight Mansions. Eventually, the Jade Emperor appealed to the Buddha, who detained Wukong under a mountain called Five Elements Mountain. Sun Wukong is kept under the mountain for 500 years. He is later set free when Tang monk comes upon him during his pilgrimage and accepts him as a disciple. On their way, they encountered all kinds of monsters and calamity, including the Flaming Mountain, the Lair of Spider Spirits, the Kingdom Ruled by Women and other strange scenario. After 81 disasters, they finally got the true Sutras. | + | *Sun Wukong is a stone monkey. After he was born, he led the monkey group to live in the Water Curtain Cave of the Flower-Fruit Mountain. Then the natural death of a monkey made Sun Wukong traveled oversea to visit Subhuti and seek immortality. When return to his homeland, Sun Wukong found himself has no weapons, so he went the Dragon palace of the Eastern Sea to take the As−You−Will Gold−Banded Cudgel. In order to get immortality of his tribe, he ruined the Book of Life and Death. However, these thing also alarmed the Jade Emperor. So Sun Wukong was given a minor position in the Heaven as the Keeper of Horses so they can keep an eye on him. This job is a very low position, and when he realized that he was given a low position and not considered a full-fledged god, he becomes very angry. Upon returning to his mountain, he puts up a flag and declares himself the "Great Sage Equalling Heaven." Then the Jade Emperor dispatched celestial soldiers, such as the Mighty Spirit God, the pagoda−bearing Heavenly King and the Third Prince Nata to arrest Sun Wukong, but no one succeeded. The Jade Emperor had no choice but to admit his title and appointed him to be the guardian of the heavenly peach garden. But being not invited to the Heavenly Peach Banquet and being mocked, so he starts causing trouble in Heaven and ate the Lord Lao Zi of the Great Monad’s golden pills. After escaping back to the Flower-Fruit Mountain, he was captured back to heaven under the combined forces of celestial troops, the True Lord Erlangzhenjun and the Lord Lao Zi of the Great Monad. Later, in the the Lord Lao Zi's Eight Trigrams Furnace, he gained a steel-hard body and Fiery Golden Eyes that could see very far into the distance and through any disguise, becoming the strongest man in the Heaven. Sun Wukong defeated an army of 100,000 celestial troops, led by the Four Heavenly Kings and the Twenty-Eight Mansions. Eventually, the Jade Emperor appealed to the Buddha, who detained Wukong under a mountain called Five Elements Mountain. Sun Wukong is kept under the mountain for 500 years. He is later set free when Tang monk comes upon him during his pilgrimage and accepts him as a disciple. On their way, they encountered all kinds of monsters and calamity, including the Flaming Mountain, the Lair of Spider Spirits, the Kingdom Ruled by Women and other strange scenario. After 81 disasters, they finally got the true Sutras. |
| − | Sun Wukong is clever, vivacious, loyal and just, representing wisdom and bravery in folk culture. The legend of the journey to the West began in the Tang Dynasty and continued until the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and then the book Journey to the West integrated these stories to create a Monkey King and a mighty classic. Sun Wukong was worshipped as a god by the Chinese people in these folk myths throughout the ages. | + | *Sun Wukong is clever, vivacious, loyal and just, representing wisdom and bravery in folk culture. The legend of the journey to the West began in the Tang Dynasty and continued until the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and then the book Journey to the West integrated these stories to create a Monkey King and a mighty classic. Sun Wukong was worshipped as a god by the Chinese people in these folk myths throughout the ages. |
| − | '''The Image of Sun Wukong''' | + | *'''The Image of Sun Wukong''' |
| − | Since ancient times, Sun Wukong is the representative of the courage and rebellion. Starting from the animated film "Havoc in Heaven" and the Shaoxing opera film "Lady Whitebone" in the 1960s, the adaptation of "Journey to the West" has never stopped, creating many vivid images of the Monkey King.（Li 2023, 120-123） | + | *Since ancient times, Sun Wukong is the representative of the courage and rebellion. Starting from the animated film "Havoc in Heaven" and the Shaoxing opera film "Lady Whitebone" in the 1960s, the adaptation of "Journey to the West" has never stopped, creating many vivid images of the Monkey King.（Li 2023, 120-123） |
[[File:SUNWUKONGDONGHUA.jpg]] | [[File:SUNWUKONGDONGHUA.jpg]] | ||
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[[File:SHAOJU.jpg]] | [[File:SHAOJU.jpg]] | ||
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Sun Wukong has been regarded as the highest symbol of individual heroism in China for a long time, but this image has changed with the development of the ages. In terms of TV series, the 1986 version of CCTV's TV series Journey to the West has been broadcast more than 3,000 times, which has the most far-reaching influence and the image created by it is also the most deeply rooted in people's hearts. | Sun Wukong has been regarded as the highest symbol of individual heroism in China for a long time, but this image has changed with the development of the ages. In terms of TV series, the 1986 version of CCTV's TV series Journey to the West has been broadcast more than 3,000 times, which has the most far-reaching influence and the image created by it is also the most deeply rooted in people's hearts. | ||
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[[File:LIUXIAOLINGTONG.jpg]] | [[File:LIUXIAOLINGTONG.jpg]] | ||
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| + | [[File:LIUXIAOLINGTONG2.jpg]] | ||
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However, in the early 1990s, A Chinese Odyssey directed by Liu Zhenwei and starring Zhou Xingchi was born, and the Journey to the West was subversively rewritten for the first time. In this image of Sun Wukong, there were more confusion, complexity and helplessness, but at the same time, it highlighted his hope and firm will for the future.（Zhou, Zhou 2018, 98-102） | However, in the early 1990s, A Chinese Odyssey directed by Liu Zhenwei and starring Zhou Xingchi was born, and the Journey to the West was subversively rewritten for the first time. In this image of Sun Wukong, there were more confusion, complexity and helplessness, but at the same time, it highlighted his hope and firm will for the future.（Zhou, Zhou 2018, 98-102） | ||
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[[File:zhouxingchi.jpg]] | [[File:zhouxingchi.jpg]] | ||
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Since then, the images of Sun Wukong and Tang Monk have embarked on a brilliant but unpredictable journey. In terms of the adaptation and dissemination of film and television art in modern China, Journey to the West series plays an important role concerning the quantity, quality, or influence. These works together, is a "Journey to the West" brilliant contemporary communication history and a profound social history and culture.（Sun, H. 2018：9） | Since then, the images of Sun Wukong and Tang Monk have embarked on a brilliant but unpredictable journey. In terms of the adaptation and dissemination of film and television art in modern China, Journey to the West series plays an important role concerning the quantity, quality, or influence. These works together, is a "Journey to the West" brilliant contemporary communication history and a profound social history and culture.（Sun, H. 2018：9） | ||
| − | '''The Influence of Sun Wukong''' | + | *'''The Influence of Sun Wukong''' |
| − | The birth of Sun Wukong is a challenge to fate. He dared to resist the authority of the Heaven and pursue freedom. He is smart and is good at using wisdom to solve problems. He always fights against the bully and helps the weak. Although naughty, he was always faithful to his mission and loyal to his master. His image embodies the pursuit of individual will and free spirit in Chinese culture, as well as the importance people attach to kindness, loyalty and responsibility. The image of Sun Wukong as a towering mountain stands in the spiritual world of the Chinese nation. | + | *The birth of Sun Wukong is a challenge to fate. He dared to resist the authority of the Heaven and pursue freedom. He is smart and is good at using wisdom to solve problems. He always fights against the bully and helps the weak. Although naughty, he was always faithful to his mission and loyal to his master. His image embodies the pursuit of individual will and free spirit in Chinese culture, as well as the importance people attach to kindness, loyalty and responsibility. The image of Sun Wukong as a towering mountain stands in the spiritual world of the Chinese nation. |
As one of the symbol of traditional Chinese culture, Sun Wukong is destined to carry the heavy responsibility of inheriting traditional Chinese culture, and it is also the fundamental force for revitalizing the quintessence of China and building national and cultural confidence. | As one of the symbol of traditional Chinese culture, Sun Wukong is destined to carry the heavy responsibility of inheriting traditional Chinese culture, and it is also the fundamental force for revitalizing the quintessence of China and building national and cultural confidence. | ||
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'''孙悟空——永存人们心中的猴王''' | '''孙悟空——永存人们心中的猴王''' | ||
| − | 作为小说《西游记》中独特的神话形象，孙悟空象征着自然力量的化身与超自然能力的承载者，其反映了古代对个人精神超脱的追求，是中国人民心中的英雄。同时，孙悟空作为跨文化符号，在全球范围内彰显出在中国社会中的精神寄托与文化象征意义。孙悟空的形象通过个体反抗、勇气和智慧，展现出多层次的文化与社会价值。（张翠琴 2024：81-84） | + | *作为小说《西游记》中独特的神话形象，孙悟空象征着自然力量的化身与超自然能力的承载者，其反映了古代对个人精神超脱的追求，是中国人民心中的英雄。同时，孙悟空作为跨文化符号，在全球范围内彰显出在中国社会中的精神寄托与文化象征意义。孙悟空的形象通过个体反抗、勇气和智慧，展现出多层次的文化与社会价值。（张翠琴 2024：81-84） |
| − | '''人物介绍''' | + | *'''人物介绍''' |
| − | 孙悟空，又称齐天大圣、孙行者、斗战胜佛等，是中国古典神魔小说《西游记》中的主要角色之一(传为吴承恩所著)。孙悟空由开天辟地产生的仙石孕育而生，出生于东胜神洲的花果山上，后带领猴群进去水帘洞中居住，尊称为“美猴王”。后来孙悟空为了学艺而漂洋过海拜师，而这一名就取自菩提祖师，“孙”是因为他貌似猢狲，“悟空”则意为“对佛法的理解和对世界的洞察”。在菩提祖师这里，孙悟空学会了七十二变、筋斗云等高超的法术，神通广大，武艺高强，最后跟随唐僧西天取经，最终修成正果。孙悟空赤胆忠心、不畏强权，不仅是中国家喻户晓的神话人物，也是惩恶扬善，敢于抗争的形象代表，更是中华文化中的重要象征。（孙烈举 2024：80-83） | + | *孙悟空，又称齐天大圣、孙行者、斗战胜佛等，是中国古典神魔小说《西游记》中的主要角色之一(传为吴承恩所著)。孙悟空由开天辟地产生的仙石孕育而生，出生于东胜神洲的花果山上，后带领猴群进去水帘洞中居住，尊称为“美猴王”。后来孙悟空为了学艺而漂洋过海拜师，而这一名就取自菩提祖师，“孙”是因为他貌似猢狲，“悟空”则意为“对佛法的理解和对世界的洞察”。在菩提祖师这里，孙悟空学会了七十二变、筋斗云等高超的法术，神通广大，武艺高强，最后跟随唐僧西天取经，最终修成正果。孙悟空赤胆忠心、不畏强权，不仅是中国家喻户晓的神话人物，也是惩恶扬善，敢于抗争的形象代表，更是中华文化中的重要象征。（孙烈举 2024：80-83） |
'''人物经历''' | '''人物经历''' | ||
| − | 孙悟空是一块灵石孕育出来的石猴，出生后带领着猴群生活在花果山水帘洞，过着快乐的日子。而后一只猴子的自然老死让其萌生了求取长生不老之术的念头，所以孙悟空漂洋过海拜师于菩提祖师，学得一身本领。学成归来的孙悟空没有兵器，在东海龙宫拿走如意金箍棒，后面大闹地府勾去生死簿，让自己和猴子猴孙得到永生。但也因此惊动天庭而被玉皇大帝招安，封为弼马温。得知职位低卑后怒返花果山，并战胜巨灵神、托塔李天王和哪吒三太子的讨伐，迫使玉帝封其为齐天大圣，并在天宫建立府邸，奉旨管理蟠桃园。后因被轻视，搅乱王母的蟠桃盛会、偷吃太上老君的金丹。逃回花果山后，在天兵天将、二郎神和太上老君的合力围剿之下，被抓回天庭。之后在老君的八卦炉中练成火眼金睛，大闹天宫，十万天兵天将、四大天王、二十八星宿对其围剿亦不能将其打败。玉帝束手无策，只好求助如来。孙悟空在与如来佛祖的打赌斗法中失利，被压在如来用五指化作的五行山下五百余年悔过自新。后被唐僧救出，保护唐僧西天取经。在取经路上，他们遭遇了各种鬼怪和困难，包括火焰山、盘丝洞、女儿国等稀奇古怪的场面，历经九九八十一难，最后取得真经修成正果，被封为斗战胜佛。 | + | *孙悟空是一块灵石孕育出来的石猴，出生后带领着猴群生活在花果山水帘洞，过着快乐的日子。而后一只猴子的自然老死让其萌生了求取长生不老之术的念头，所以孙悟空漂洋过海拜师于菩提祖师，学得一身本领。学成归来的孙悟空没有兵器，在东海龙宫拿走如意金箍棒，后面大闹地府勾去生死簿，让自己和猴子猴孙得到永生。但也因此惊动天庭而被玉皇大帝招安，封为弼马温。得知职位低卑后怒返花果山，并战胜巨灵神、托塔李天王和哪吒三太子的讨伐，迫使玉帝封其为齐天大圣，并在天宫建立府邸，奉旨管理蟠桃园。后因被轻视，搅乱王母的蟠桃盛会、偷吃太上老君的金丹。逃回花果山后，在天兵天将、二郎神和太上老君的合力围剿之下，被抓回天庭。之后在老君的八卦炉中练成火眼金睛，大闹天宫，十万天兵天将、四大天王、二十八星宿对其围剿亦不能将其打败。玉帝束手无策，只好求助如来。孙悟空在与如来佛祖的打赌斗法中失利，被压在如来用五指化作的五行山下五百余年悔过自新。后被唐僧救出，保护唐僧西天取经。在取经路上，他们遭遇了各种鬼怪和困难，包括火焰山、盘丝洞、女儿国等稀奇古怪的场面，历经九九八十一难，最后取得真经修成正果，被封为斗战胜佛。 |
孙悟空生性聪明、活泼、忠诚、嫉恶如仇，在民间文化中代表了机智、勇敢。自唐代出现西游传说，一直延续至明清，而后《西游记》这本著作将这些形象整合，塑造出了一个有血有肉的猴王。孙悟空在历代的这些民间神话里，被中国人奉为神明。 | 孙悟空生性聪明、活泼、忠诚、嫉恶如仇，在民间文化中代表了机智、勇敢。自唐代出现西游传说，一直延续至明清，而后《西游记》这本著作将这些形象整合，塑造出了一个有血有肉的猴王。孙悟空在历代的这些民间神话里，被中国人奉为神明。 | ||
'''形象演变''' | '''形象演变''' | ||
| − | 自古以来，孙悟空就是勇于反抗、惩恶扬善的代表。从20世纪60年代的动画电影《大闹天宫》、绍剧电影《三打白骨精》开始，《西游记》的影视改编从未间断，创造出了许许多多生动的猴王形象。（李孟宣 2023，120-123） | + | *自古以来，孙悟空就是勇于反抗、惩恶扬善的代表。从20世纪60年代的动画电影《大闹天宫》、绍剧电影《三打白骨精》开始，《西游记》的影视改编从未间断，创造出了许许多多生动的猴王形象。（李孟宣 2023，120-123） |
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| − | [[File: | + | [[File:SUNWUKONGDONGHUA.jpg]] |
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孙悟空这一形象在相当长的时间内被视作我国个人英雄主义的最高象征，但这一形象也随着时代的变化而有不同程度的变化。电视剧方面, 中央电视台1986版电视剧《西游记》播出超过3000次, 影响最为深远，其中塑造的形象也最深入人心。 | 孙悟空这一形象在相当长的时间内被视作我国个人英雄主义的最高象征，但这一形象也随着时代的变化而有不同程度的变化。电视剧方面, 中央电视台1986版电视剧《西游记》播出超过3000次, 影响最为深远，其中塑造的形象也最深入人心。 | ||
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但上世纪90年代前期, 刘镇伟编导、周星驰主演的《大话西游》犹如横空出世，几百年以来《西游记》第一次被颠覆性改写。在这个孙悟空身上，多了人性的困惑与复杂、迷茫与无奈，但同时更突显了其对前路的希望与坚定意志。（周兰 周文2018，98-102） | 但上世纪90年代前期, 刘镇伟编导、周星驰主演的《大话西游》犹如横空出世，几百年以来《西游记》第一次被颠覆性改写。在这个孙悟空身上，多了人性的困惑与复杂、迷茫与无奈，但同时更突显了其对前路的希望与坚定意志。（周兰 周文2018，98-102） | ||
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[[File:zhouxingchi.jpg]] | [[File:zhouxingchi.jpg]] | ||
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从此之后，孙悟空和唐僧的形象等就踏上了丰富灿烂却又命运难测的后现代旅程。就我国当代影视艺术改编及其传播而言, 无论数量、质量, 还是影响力, 《西游记》系列作品都举足轻重。这些作品合在一起, 就是一部《西游记》的辉煌当代传播史，而其背后, 则是深刻的社会历史文化。（Sun, H. 2018：9） | 从此之后，孙悟空和唐僧的形象等就踏上了丰富灿烂却又命运难测的后现代旅程。就我国当代影视艺术改编及其传播而言, 无论数量、质量, 还是影响力, 《西游记》系列作品都举足轻重。这些作品合在一起, 就是一部《西游记》的辉煌当代传播史，而其背后, 则是深刻的社会历史文化。（Sun, H. 2018：9） | ||
'''人物影响''' | '''人物影响''' | ||
| − | 孙悟空的出生就是对命运的挑战，他敢于反抗天庭的权威，追求自由；机智聪明，善于运用智慧解决问题；锄强扶弱，愿意帮助弱小之人；虽然调皮，但对自己的使命始终不渝，对待师傅忠心耿耿。他的形象体现了中国文化中对个体意志和自由精神的追求，也体现了人们对善良、忠诚和责任感的重视。孙悟空赤胆忠心、勇往直前、惩恶扬善的形象，如同一座巍峨的山峰，耸立于中华民族的精神世界。 | + | *孙悟空的出生就是对命运的挑战，他敢于反抗天庭的权威，追求自由；机智聪明，善于运用智慧解决问题；锄强扶弱，愿意帮助弱小之人；虽然调皮，但对自己的使命始终不渝，对待师傅忠心耿耿。他的形象体现了中国文化中对个体意志和自由精神的追求，也体现了人们对善良、忠诚和责任感的重视。孙悟空赤胆忠心、勇往直前、惩恶扬善的形象，如同一座巍峨的山峰，耸立于中华民族的精神世界。 |
作为中国传统文化的名片之一，孙悟空注定要将传承中国传统文化的重任背负起来，也是振兴国粹，筑牢民族自信、文化自信的根基力量。 | 作为中国传统文化的名片之一，孙悟空注定要将传承中国传统文化的重任背负起来，也是振兴国粹，筑牢民族自信、文化自信的根基力量。 | ||
Latest revision as of 10:37, 30 December 2024
Hello, my name is Liu Huixuan, my English name is Polly. I am a postgraduate majoring in English written translation in Hunan Normal University.
- 11. 2 Today, I used Talk AI to learn some expressions about songs.
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Final Paper
23级英语笔译刘慧璇 Liu Huixaun Sun Wukong - the Monkey King in People's Hearts Forever
- Abstract
- As a unique mythical image in the novel Journey to the West, Sun Wukong symbolizes the embodiment of natural power and the bearer of supernatural ability, reflecting the ancient pursuit of personal spiritual detachment. He is a hero in the hearts of the Chinese people. Not only this, Sun Wukong, a cross-cultural symbol, has demonstrated its spiritual and cultural significance of China on a global scale. The image of Sun Wukong shows cultural and social values in many ways through individual resistance, courage and wisdom.（Zhang 2024, 81-84）
- The Introduction of Sun Wukong
- Sun Wukong, also known as the Great Sage Equalling Heaven, Sun Pilgrim and Victorious Fighting Buddha, is one of the main characters in Four Great Classical Novels——Journey to the West, which is written by Wu Chengen. Sun was born on the Flower-Fruit Mountain of the East Pūrvavideha Continent from an ancient rock created by the coupling of Heaven and Earth. He first distinguished himself by bravely entering the Water Curtain Cave on the mountain; for this feat, his monkey tribe gave him the title of "Handsome Monkey-King". Then he traveled overseas to learn. Sun Wukong was the name given by his teacher, Subhuti. “Sun” has the similar pronunciation with the word “monkey” in Chinese, and the latter part his name means "Awakened to Emptiness", that is the understanding of the Dharma and insight into the world. He learned the 72 methods of transformation, somersault cloud and other superb spells. Finally, he followed the Tang Monk to the west to fetch the Sutras, and achieved positive results.
Sun Wukong is not only a well-known mythological figure in China, but also an image representative of punishing the evil to help the good, daring to fight, and an important symbol of Chinese culture.（Sun 2024, 80-83）
- The Experience of Sun Wukong
- Sun Wukong is a stone monkey. After he was born, he led the monkey group to live in the Water Curtain Cave of the Flower-Fruit Mountain. Then the natural death of a monkey made Sun Wukong traveled oversea to visit Subhuti and seek immortality. When return to his homeland, Sun Wukong found himself has no weapons, so he went the Dragon palace of the Eastern Sea to take the As−You−Will Gold−Banded Cudgel. In order to get immortality of his tribe, he ruined the Book of Life and Death. However, these thing also alarmed the Jade Emperor. So Sun Wukong was given a minor position in the Heaven as the Keeper of Horses so they can keep an eye on him. This job is a very low position, and when he realized that he was given a low position and not considered a full-fledged god, he becomes very angry. Upon returning to his mountain, he puts up a flag and declares himself the "Great Sage Equalling Heaven." Then the Jade Emperor dispatched celestial soldiers, such as the Mighty Spirit God, the pagoda−bearing Heavenly King and the Third Prince Nata to arrest Sun Wukong, but no one succeeded. The Jade Emperor had no choice but to admit his title and appointed him to be the guardian of the heavenly peach garden. But being not invited to the Heavenly Peach Banquet and being mocked, so he starts causing trouble in Heaven and ate the Lord Lao Zi of the Great Monad’s golden pills. After escaping back to the Flower-Fruit Mountain, he was captured back to heaven under the combined forces of celestial troops, the True Lord Erlangzhenjun and the Lord Lao Zi of the Great Monad. Later, in the the Lord Lao Zi's Eight Trigrams Furnace, he gained a steel-hard body and Fiery Golden Eyes that could see very far into the distance and through any disguise, becoming the strongest man in the Heaven. Sun Wukong defeated an army of 100,000 celestial troops, led by the Four Heavenly Kings and the Twenty-Eight Mansions. Eventually, the Jade Emperor appealed to the Buddha, who detained Wukong under a mountain called Five Elements Mountain. Sun Wukong is kept under the mountain for 500 years. He is later set free when Tang monk comes upon him during his pilgrimage and accepts him as a disciple. On their way, they encountered all kinds of monsters and calamity, including the Flaming Mountain, the Lair of Spider Spirits, the Kingdom Ruled by Women and other strange scenario. After 81 disasters, they finally got the true Sutras.
- Sun Wukong is clever, vivacious, loyal and just, representing wisdom and bravery in folk culture. The legend of the journey to the West began in the Tang Dynasty and continued until the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and then the book Journey to the West integrated these stories to create a Monkey King and a mighty classic. Sun Wukong was worshipped as a god by the Chinese people in these folk myths throughout the ages.
- The Image of Sun Wukong
- Since ancient times, Sun Wukong is the representative of the courage and rebellion. Starting from the animated film "Havoc in Heaven" and the Shaoxing opera film "Lady Whitebone" in the 1960s, the adaptation of "Journey to the West" has never stopped, creating many vivid images of the Monkey King.（Li 2023, 120-123）
Sun Wukong has been regarded as the highest symbol of individual heroism in China for a long time, but this image has changed with the development of the ages. In terms of TV series, the 1986 version of CCTV's TV series Journey to the West has been broadcast more than 3,000 times, which has the most far-reaching influence and the image created by it is also the most deeply rooted in people's hearts.
However, in the early 1990s, A Chinese Odyssey directed by Liu Zhenwei and starring Zhou Xingchi was born, and the Journey to the West was subversively rewritten for the first time. In this image of Sun Wukong, there were more confusion, complexity and helplessness, but at the same time, it highlighted his hope and firm will for the future.（Zhou, Zhou 2018, 98-102）
Since then, the images of Sun Wukong and Tang Monk have embarked on a brilliant but unpredictable journey. In terms of the adaptation and dissemination of film and television art in modern China, Journey to the West series plays an important role concerning the quantity, quality, or influence. These works together, is a "Journey to the West" brilliant contemporary communication history and a profound social history and culture.（Sun, H. 2018：9）
- The Influence of Sun Wukong
- The birth of Sun Wukong is a challenge to fate. He dared to resist the authority of the Heaven and pursue freedom. He is smart and is good at using wisdom to solve problems. He always fights against the bully and helps the weak. Although naughty, he was always faithful to his mission and loyal to his master. His image embodies the pursuit of individual will and free spirit in Chinese culture, as well as the importance people attach to kindness, loyalty and responsibility. The image of Sun Wukong as a towering mountain stands in the spiritual world of the Chinese nation.
As one of the symbol of traditional Chinese culture, Sun Wukong is destined to carry the heavy responsibility of inheriting traditional Chinese culture, and it is also the fundamental force for revitalizing the quintessence of China and building national and cultural confidence.
Terms and Expressions:
- 1.《西游记》 Journey to the West
- 2.齐天大圣 the Great Sage Equalling Heaven
- 3.斗战胜佛 Victorious Fighting Buddha
- 4.孙行者 Sun Pilgrim
- 5.美猴王 Handsome Monkey-King
- 6.花果山 the Flower-Fruit Mountain
- 7.水帘洞 Water Curtain Cave
- 8.东胜神洲 the East Pūrvavideha Continent
- 9.菩提祖师 Subhuti
- 10.七十二变 the 72 methods of transformation
- 11.筋斗云 somersault cloud
- 12.唐僧 Tang Monk
- 13.东海龙宫 the Dragon palace of the Eastern Sea
- 14.如意金箍棒 As−You−Will Gold−Banded Cudgel
- 15.生死簿 the Book of Life and Death
- 16.玉皇大帝 the Jade Emperor
- 17.弼马温 the Keeper of Horses
- 18.巨灵神 Mighty Spirit God
- 19.托塔李天王 pagoda−bearing Heavenly King
- 20.哪吒三太子 the Third Prince Nata
- 21.蟠桃会 the Heavenly Peach Banquet
- 22.太上老君 the Lord Lao Zi of the Great Monad
- 23.金丹 golden pill
- 24.天兵天将 celestial soldier
- 25.二郎神 the True Lord Erlangzhenjun
- 26.八卦炉 Eight Trigrams Furnace
- 27.火眼金睛 Fiery Golden Eyes
- 28.四大天王 the Four Heavenly Kings
- 29.二十八星宿 the Twenty-Eight Mansions
- 30.如来佛祖 the Buddha
- 31.五行山 Five Elements Mountain
- 32.火焰山 Flaming Mountain
- 33.盘丝洞 Lair of Spider Spirits
- 34.女儿国 Kingdom Ruled by Women
- 35.《大闹天宫》 Havoc in Heaven
- 36.《大话西游》 A Chinese Odyssey
*Questions and Answers:
- 1.Where does the character of Sun Wukong come from?
- Journey to the West by Wu Chengen.
- 2.What other titles does Sun WuKong have?
- The Great Sage Equalling Heaven, Sun Pilgrim, Victorious Fighting Buddha and Handsome Monkey King.
- 3.What interesting experiences did Sun Wukong have?
- Havoc in Heaven, Flaming Mountain, Lair of Spider Spirits and so on.
- 4.What kind of image does Sun Wukong represent?
- Intelligence, loyalty, justice, bravery and so on.
References：
- 1.Sun, H. (2018). Transforming Monkey: Adaptation and Representation of a Chinese Epic. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
- 2.李孟宣 Li Mengxuan（2023）.赓续文化血脉 厚植文化自信——再谈京剧《大闹天宫》及孙悟空形象的传承与发展 Continuance of Cultural Blood and Cultural Confidence -- Talk Again About the Inheritance and Development of Beijing Opera “Havoc in Heaven” and Sun Wukong's Image. 戏剧文学 Opera Literature (01) 120-123.
- 3.孙烈举 Sun Lieju（2024）.中国超级IP孙悟空为何突然受到全球追捧 Why is China's Super IP Monkey King Suddenly Popular Around the World. 中国民族 Chinese Nationalities (09) 80-83.
- 4.张翠琴 Zhang Cuiqin（2024）.心猿意马：《西游记》中孙悟空形象的深度解读 An In-depth Interpretation of the Image of Sun Wukong in Journey to the West. 长江小说鉴赏 Appreciation of Yangtze River Novels（27）81-84.
- 5.周兰 Zhou Lan，周文 Zhou Wen（2018）.神·人·妖：论孙悟空的影视形象演变及其社会文化动因 God, Man and Demon: On the Evolution of Sun Wukong's Image in Film and Television and its Social and Cultural Motivations. 现代传播 Modern Communication（11）98-102.
- 6.张赛 Zhang Sai（2018）.论近年来孙悟空形象在电影中的演变 On the Evolution of Sun Wukong's Image in Movies in Recent Years. 电影评介 Review on Movie （09）20-22.
AI Statement I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.
孙悟空——永存人们心中的猴王
- 作为小说《西游记》中独特的神话形象，孙悟空象征着自然力量的化身与超自然能力的承载者，其反映了古代对个人精神超脱的追求，是中国人民心中的英雄。同时，孙悟空作为跨文化符号，在全球范围内彰显出在中国社会中的精神寄托与文化象征意义。孙悟空的形象通过个体反抗、勇气和智慧，展现出多层次的文化与社会价值。（张翠琴 2024：81-84）
- 人物介绍
- 孙悟空，又称齐天大圣、孙行者、斗战胜佛等，是中国古典神魔小说《西游记》中的主要角色之一(传为吴承恩所著)。孙悟空由开天辟地产生的仙石孕育而生，出生于东胜神洲的花果山上，后带领猴群进去水帘洞中居住，尊称为“美猴王”。后来孙悟空为了学艺而漂洋过海拜师，而这一名就取自菩提祖师，“孙”是因为他貌似猢狲，“悟空”则意为“对佛法的理解和对世界的洞察”。在菩提祖师这里，孙悟空学会了七十二变、筋斗云等高超的法术，神通广大，武艺高强，最后跟随唐僧西天取经，最终修成正果。孙悟空赤胆忠心、不畏强权，不仅是中国家喻户晓的神话人物，也是惩恶扬善，敢于抗争的形象代表，更是中华文化中的重要象征。（孙烈举 2024：80-83）
人物经历
- 孙悟空是一块灵石孕育出来的石猴，出生后带领着猴群生活在花果山水帘洞，过着快乐的日子。而后一只猴子的自然老死让其萌生了求取长生不老之术的念头，所以孙悟空漂洋过海拜师于菩提祖师，学得一身本领。学成归来的孙悟空没有兵器，在东海龙宫拿走如意金箍棒，后面大闹地府勾去生死簿，让自己和猴子猴孙得到永生。但也因此惊动天庭而被玉皇大帝招安，封为弼马温。得知职位低卑后怒返花果山，并战胜巨灵神、托塔李天王和哪吒三太子的讨伐，迫使玉帝封其为齐天大圣，并在天宫建立府邸，奉旨管理蟠桃园。后因被轻视，搅乱王母的蟠桃盛会、偷吃太上老君的金丹。逃回花果山后，在天兵天将、二郎神和太上老君的合力围剿之下，被抓回天庭。之后在老君的八卦炉中练成火眼金睛，大闹天宫，十万天兵天将、四大天王、二十八星宿对其围剿亦不能将其打败。玉帝束手无策，只好求助如来。孙悟空在与如来佛祖的打赌斗法中失利，被压在如来用五指化作的五行山下五百余年悔过自新。后被唐僧救出，保护唐僧西天取经。在取经路上，他们遭遇了各种鬼怪和困难，包括火焰山、盘丝洞、女儿国等稀奇古怪的场面，历经九九八十一难，最后取得真经修成正果，被封为斗战胜佛。
孙悟空生性聪明、活泼、忠诚、嫉恶如仇，在民间文化中代表了机智、勇敢。自唐代出现西游传说，一直延续至明清，而后《西游记》这本著作将这些形象整合，塑造出了一个有血有肉的猴王。孙悟空在历代的这些民间神话里，被中国人奉为神明。
形象演变
- 自古以来，孙悟空就是勇于反抗、惩恶扬善的代表。从20世纪60年代的动画电影《大闹天宫》、绍剧电影《三打白骨精》开始，《西游记》的影视改编从未间断，创造出了许许多多生动的猴王形象。（李孟宣 2023，120-123）
孙悟空这一形象在相当长的时间内被视作我国个人英雄主义的最高象征，但这一形象也随着时代的变化而有不同程度的变化。电视剧方面, 中央电视台1986版电视剧《西游记》播出超过3000次, 影响最为深远，其中塑造的形象也最深入人心。
但上世纪90年代前期, 刘镇伟编导、周星驰主演的《大话西游》犹如横空出世，几百年以来《西游记》第一次被颠覆性改写。在这个孙悟空身上，多了人性的困惑与复杂、迷茫与无奈，但同时更突显了其对前路的希望与坚定意志。（周兰 周文2018，98-102）
从此之后，孙悟空和唐僧的形象等就踏上了丰富灿烂却又命运难测的后现代旅程。就我国当代影视艺术改编及其传播而言, 无论数量、质量, 还是影响力, 《西游记》系列作品都举足轻重。这些作品合在一起, 就是一部《西游记》的辉煌当代传播史，而其背后, 则是深刻的社会历史文化。（Sun, H. 2018：9）
人物影响
- 孙悟空的出生就是对命运的挑战，他敢于反抗天庭的权威，追求自由；机智聪明，善于运用智慧解决问题；锄强扶弱，愿意帮助弱小之人；虽然调皮，但对自己的使命始终不渝，对待师傅忠心耿耿。他的形象体现了中国文化中对个体意志和自由精神的追求，也体现了人们对善良、忠诚和责任感的重视。孙悟空赤胆忠心、勇往直前、惩恶扬善的形象，如同一座巍峨的山峰，耸立于中华民族的精神世界。
作为中国传统文化的名片之一，孙悟空注定要将传承中国传统文化的重任背负起来，也是振兴国粹，筑牢民族自信、文化自信的根基力量。
问题和答案：
- 1.孙悟空这一人物形象出自哪里？ 吴承恩所著的《西游记》。
- 2.孙悟空还有什么其他称号？ 齐天大圣、孙行者、斗战胜佛、美猴王等。
- 3.孙悟空有什么有意思的经历？ 大闹天宫、火焰山、盘丝洞等。
- 4.孙悟空代表了什么样的形象？ 聪明、忠诚、嫉恶如仇、机智、勇敢。
参考文献：
- 1.Sun, H. (2018). Transforming Monkey: Adaptation and Representation of a Chinese Epic. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
- 2.李孟宣（2023）.赓续文化血脉 厚植文化自信——再谈京剧《大闹天宫》及孙悟空形象的传承与发展.戏剧文学(01) 120-123。
- 3.孙烈举（2024）.中国超级IP孙悟空为何突然受到全球追捧.中国民族(09) 80-83。
- 4.张翠琴（2024）.心猿意马：《西游记》中孙悟空形象的深度解读.长江小说鉴赏（27）81-84。
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