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== '''Striking Iron Fireworks:The Grand Scenery and Cultural Treasures of Fire Trees and Silver Flowers Inherited for Thousands of Years''' == | == '''Striking Iron Fireworks:The Grand Scenery and Cultural Treasures of Fire Trees and Silver Flowers Inherited for Thousands of Years''' == | ||
[[File:datiehua picture.jpg]] | [[File:datiehua picture.jpg]] | ||
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| + | [https://www.osogoo.com/user/5bc693ef29c4e.html?type=resource] | ||
Strinking Iron Fireworks, as a distinctive traditional folk activity, is a folk performance art form developed by ancient Chinese craftsmen during the process of casting utensils. Its history dates back to the Northern Song Dynasty, and it reached its peak during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It has been passed down to the present day for over a thousand years. This art is mainly found in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, especially in Henan and Shanxi provinces. | Strinking Iron Fireworks, as a distinctive traditional folk activity, is a folk performance art form developed by ancient Chinese craftsmen during the process of casting utensils. Its history dates back to the Northern Song Dynasty, and it reached its peak during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It has been passed down to the present day for over a thousand years. This art is mainly found in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, especially in Henan and Shanxi provinces. | ||
[[File:rongtie.jpg]] | [[File:rongtie.jpg]] | ||
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| + | [https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_29924372] | ||
Performers heat iron ingots to over 1,600°C until they liquefy into molten iron. Then, holding wooden spoons, they forcefully launch the molten iron into the air or strike it against hard objects, causing the molten iron to burst into thousands of sparks in the air. As the sparks fly and come into contact with the air, they cool instantly, creating a spectacular scene of flowing colors, just like "a rain of stars." The entire performance is usually accompanied by drum music and the sounds of gongs, creating a vibrant festival atmosphere. As the sparks spurt, the audience seems to be in a dreamlike world of fiery trees and silver flowers. Striking Iron Fireworks contains many cultural connotations, symbolizing people's anticipation for a better life. In June 2008, Striking Iron Fireworks, from Queshan County, Henan Province, was approved by the State Council and successfully listed in the second batch of National Intangible Cultural heritage representative lists. | Performers heat iron ingots to over 1,600°C until they liquefy into molten iron. Then, holding wooden spoons, they forcefully launch the molten iron into the air or strike it against hard objects, causing the molten iron to burst into thousands of sparks in the air. As the sparks fly and come into contact with the air, they cool instantly, creating a spectacular scene of flowing colors, just like "a rain of stars." The entire performance is usually accompanied by drum music and the sounds of gongs, creating a vibrant festival atmosphere. As the sparks spurt, the audience seems to be in a dreamlike world of fiery trees and silver flowers. Striking Iron Fireworks contains many cultural connotations, symbolizing people's anticipation for a better life. In June 2008, Striking Iron Fireworks, from Queshan County, Henan Province, was approved by the State Council and successfully listed in the second batch of National Intangible Cultural heritage representative lists. | ||
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====Religious Tracing==== | ====Religious Tracing==== | ||
| − | Initially, Striking Iron Fireworks originated from the sacrificial activities of craftsmen who worked with gold, silver, copper, iron, and tin. Before commencing their business operations each year, these five types of craftsmen would consult and prepare jointly. They would set up a flower shed in the south and a divine shed in the north. After choosing an auspicious day, they would first go to the local Lao Jun Temple and Fire God Temple to offer sacrifices piously. Then, the five types of craftsmen would carry the statue of Lord Lao Jun, which was enshrined in their shop, and proceed in a procession. Along the way, they would play music, beat drums, and set off firecrackers, creating an extremely lively scene. All the shops of craftsmen along the way would set up incense tables and offerings to welcome and see off the procession. Only after the procession arrived at the divine shed and placed the statue of Lord Lao Jun properly, they would hold a solemn sacrificial ceremony, earnestly praying for the protection of Lord Lao Jun and the Fire God. At night, the craftsmen would kneel and change their clothes in the divine shed, praying for divine protection and safety again. After that, they would start Striking Iron Fireworks performance. | + | Initially, Striking Iron Fireworks originated from the sacrificial activities of craftsmen who worked with gold, silver, copper, iron, and tin. Before commencing their business operations each year, these five types of craftsmen would consult and prepare jointly. They would set up a flower shed in the south and a divine shed in the north. After choosing an auspicious day, they would first go to the local Lao Jun Temple and Fire God Temple to offer sacrifices piously. Then, the five types of craftsmen would carry the statue of Lord Lao Jun, which was enshrined in their shop, and proceed in a procession. Along the way, they would play music, beat drums, and set off firecrackers, creating an extremely lively scene. All the shops of craftsmen along the way would set up incense tables and offerings to welcome and see off the procession. Only after the procession arrived at the divine shed and placed the statue of Lord Lao Jun properly, they would hold a solemn sacrificial ceremony, earnestly praying for the protection of Lord Lao Jun and the Fire God. At night, the craftsmen would kneel and change their clothes in the divine shed, praying for divine protection and safety again. After that, they would start Striking Iron Fireworks performance.(Zhang, 2018, p.34) |
===Development History=== | ===Development History=== | ||
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====Spread in the Song and Yuan Dynasties==== | ====Spread in the Song and Yuan Dynasties==== | ||
| − | After the Northern Song Dynasty, with the migration of the population, Striking Iron Fireworks gradually spread from its origin to other regions across the country. During the process of dissemination, it continuously absorbs the characteristics of regional cultures in various places and integrates with the local folk customs, thereby forming a wide variety of expressive forms. | + | After the Northern Song Dynasty, with the migration of the population, Striking Iron Fireworks gradually spread from its origin to other regions across the country. During the process of dissemination, it continuously absorbs the characteristics of regional cultures in various places and integrates with the local folk customs, thereby forming a wide variety of expressive forms.(Appreciation of Intangible Cultural Heritage - Datiehua, 2018, p.81) |
====Prosperity in the Ming and Qing Dynasties==== | ====Prosperity in the Ming and Qing Dynasties==== | ||
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====Changes in Modern Times==== | ====Changes in Modern Times==== | ||
| − | In the early 20th century, due to frequent wars and social unrest, Queshan Iron Fireworks was also greatly impacted and nearly become extinct. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, society gradually stabilized. However, with the popularization and rapid development of modern fireworks, Striking Iron Fireworks saw a decline in activities due to its complex production process, high risk, and high costs. It was not until 1988 that Queshan Iron Fireworks reapperaed, demonstrating its unique artistic charm. | + | In the early 20th century, due to frequent wars and social unrest, Queshan Iron Fireworks was also greatly impacted and nearly become extinct. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, society gradually stabilized. However, with the popularization and rapid development of modern fireworks, Striking Iron Fireworks saw a decline in activities due to its complex production process, high risk, and high costs. It was not until 1988 that Queshan Iron Fireworks reapperaed, demonstrating its unique artistic charm.(Sun, 2025, the third paragraphy) |
===Steps of Striking Iron Fireworks Performance=== | ===Steps of Striking Iron Fireworks Performance=== | ||
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[[File:dahuapeng .jpg]] | [[File:dahuapeng .jpg]] | ||
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| + | [https://www.vjshi.com/watch/10172925.html] | ||
====Color Decoration==== | ====Color Decoration==== | ||
| − | This step adds rich colors and a festive atmosphere to the flower shed. At the top of the flower shed, craftsmen densely cover it with willow branches and skillfully tie firecrackers and fireworks. In the center of the top of the flower shed, a pole about 6 meters high, called the "main pole", is erected, and the top of the main pole is also fully covered with firecrackers and fireworks. Through such settings, the total height of the flower shed reaches more than ten meters. When the iron fireworks bloom, they will shine brightly in concert with the firecrackers and fireworks on the flower shed, creating an extremely spectacular scene. | + | This step adds rich colors and a festive atmosphere to the flower shed. At the top of the flower shed, craftsmen densely cover it with willow branches and skillfully tie firecrackers and fireworks. In the center of the top of the flower shed, a pole about 6 meters high, called the "main pole", is erected, and the top of the main pole is also fully covered with firecrackers and fireworks. Through such settings, the total height of the flower shed reaches more than ten meters. When the iron fireworks bloom, they will shine brightly in concert with the firecrackers and fireworks on the flower shed, (Gao, 2025, p.19)creating an extremely spectacular scene. |
[[File:shecai.jpg]] | [[File:shecai.jpg]] | ||
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| + | [http://www.zmdnews.cn/2023/0307/744529.shtml] | ||
====The Iron Fireworks Striking Session==== | ====The Iron Fireworks Striking Session==== | ||
| − | Next to the flower shed, a melting iron furnace burns brightly, and the prepared scrap iron gradually melts into iron under high temperature. The craftsmen bare their upper bodies and only wear safety helmets, showing fearless courage. The hold an upper flower stick filled with molten iron in one hand and a lower flower stick without molten iron in the other. They quickly run to the bottem of the flower shed and strike the upper stick with the lower stick forcefully, instantly making the molten iron in the stick rush towards the flower shed at high speed. When the molten iron strikes the willow branches on the shed roof, it scatters instantaneously, resembling a shower of stars bursting in all directions. At the same time, the firecrackers and fireworks on the flower shed are ignited. For a moment, | + | Next to the flower shed, a melting iron furnace burns brightly, and the prepared scrap iron gradually melts into iron under high temperature. The craftsmen bare their upper bodies and only wear safety helmets, showing fearless courage. The hold an upper flower stick filled with molten iron in one hand and a lower flower stick without molten iron in the other. They quickly run to the bottem of the flower shed and strike the upper stick with the lower stick forcefully, instantly making the molten iron in the stick rush towards the flower shed at high speed. When the molten iron strikes the willow branches on the shed roof, it scatters instantaneously, resembling a shower of stars bursting in all directions. At the same time, the firecrackers and fireworks on the flower shed are ignited. For a moment, iron flowers were splashing, the firecrackers were booming deafeningly, and fireworks were blazing spectacularly. The whole scene was truly magnificent. During the performance, if a highly skilled craftsman can hit the highest point of the main pole and successfully set off the fireworks there, it is called "hitting the jackpot." (Zhang, 2018, p.50)The person who hits the jackpot will receive great honor, such as being dressed in red and decorated with flowers, receiving rewards of money and gifts, and becoming the focus of the whole scene. During Striking Iron Fireworks event, there is often a dragon - lantern team. The dragon - lantern team nimbly moves in and out of the flower shed where the iron fireworks are splashing. This performance form is called "the dragon threading through the fireworks." The dragon symbolizes good luck, authority, and power in Chinese culture. "The dragon threading through the fireworks" makes Striking Iron Fireworks performance more spectacular, festive, and auspicious, pushing the atmosphere of the scene to a climax. |
[[File:datiehua part.jpg]] | [[File:datiehua part.jpg]] | ||
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| + | [http://sino.newdu.com/m/view.php?aid=60322] | ||
=== Implications === | === Implications === | ||
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====Wishing Implications==== | ====Wishing Implications==== | ||
| − | Striking Iron Fireworks plays an important role in folk sacrificial rituals. It originated from the rituals of ancient ancestors sacrificing to the heaven, earth, gods, and ancestors, as well as the joint sacrifices of Lord Lao Jun and the Fire God by the Central Plains Taoists and the five types of folk craftsmen. In these sacrificial activities, Striking Iron Fireworks was regarded as a way to communicate with the gods and convey people's good wishes. People believed that they could pray to the gods for favorable weather for crops, a bumper harvest, the safety of people and livestock, peace and happiness in life. This implication has run through the development process of Striking Iron Fireworks and become an important part of its cultural connotations. | + | Striking Iron Fireworks plays an important role in folk sacrificial rituals. It originated from the rituals of ancient ancestors sacrificing to the heaven, earth, gods, and ancestors, as well as the joint sacrifices of Lord Lao Jun and the Fire God by the Central Plains Taoists and the five types of folk craftsmen. In these sacrificial activities, Striking Iron Fireworks was regarded as a way to communicate with the gods and convey people's good wishes. People believed that they could pray to the gods for favorable weather for crops, a bumper harvest, the safety of people and livestock, peace and happiness in life. This implication has run through the development process of Striking Iron Fireworks and become an important part of its cultural connotations. |
====Modern Implications==== | ====Modern Implications==== | ||
| − | With the development of society, Striking Iron Fireworks has been given more positive implications. In modern society, the spectacular scene of Striking Iron Fireworks symbolizes wealth and prosperity. At the same time, the blooming fire of the iron | + | With the development of society, Striking Iron Fireworks has been given more positive implications. In modern society, the spectacular scene of Striking Iron Fireworks symbolizes wealth and prosperity(Sun, 2022, p.167). At the same time, the blooming fire of the iron fireworks is regarded as a symbol of prosperity, implying that careers are booming and life is prosperous. In addition, Striking Iron Fireworks also carries people's longing for a better life. And it has become a cultural symbol that unites people's hearts and conveys positive energy. Striking Iron Fireworks can make people feel the charm of traditional culture and enhance national pride and cultural confidence. |
===Significance=== | ===Significance=== | ||
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====Interpretation of the Spirit of Craftsmanship==== | ====Interpretation of the Spirit of Craftsmanship==== | ||
| − | The production and performance process of Striking Iron Fireworks profoundly interprets the craftsmanship spirit of striving for perfection. From selecting iron and melting it to striking the molten iron, every step requires craftsmen to have superb skills and a dedicated attitude. For example, precise control of the heat during iron melting requires craftsmen to judge whether the molten iron has reached the optimal temperature based on years of experience; subtle differences in strength and angle when striking the molten iron will affect the blooming shape of the iron | + | The production and performance process of Striking Iron Fireworks profoundly interprets the craftsmanship spirit of striving for perfection. From selecting iron and melting it to striking the molten iron, every step requires craftsmen to have superb skills and a dedicated attitude(Zhang, 2018, p.55). For example, precise control of the heat during iron melting requires craftsmen to judge whether the molten iron has reached the optimal temperature based on years of experience; subtle differences in strength and angle when striking the molten iron will affect the blooming shape of the iron fireworks. This spirit of pursuing the ultimate in craftsmanship is a vivid portrayal of the Chinese nation's craftsmanship spirit, inspiring contemporary people to deeply cultivate and work meticulously in their respective fields. |
====Embodiment of Philosophy==== | ====Embodiment of Philosophy==== | ||
| − | In the context of traditional culture, Striking Iron Fireworks embodies the philosophical thought of Yin and Yang. Molten iron represents the utmost Yang—high-temperature and scorching—while striking it to make it splash and form a gorgeous shower of | + | In the context of traditional culture, Striking Iron Fireworks embodies the philosophical thought of Yin and Yang. Molten iron represents the utmost Yang—high-temperature and scorching—while striking it to make it splash and form a gorgeous shower of fireworks in the air, symbolizes the beauty of Yin. This transformation between hardness and softness, between Yang and Yin, perfectly aligns with the ancient Chinese philosophical concept of Yin-Yang harmony and mutual generation and restriction. It demonstrates the profound understanding of the ancient people about the laws governing the operation of all things in the universe. |
===Status and Value=== | ===Status and Value=== | ||
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====Core Status as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage==== | ====Core Status as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage==== | ||
| − | In 2008, Queshan Iron Fireworks was listed in the second batch of the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, which marked its official elevation from a spontaneously organized folk activity to a culturally treasured heritage recognized and protected at the national level. As a representative of intangible cultural heritage projects, Queshan Iron Fireworks plays a demonstrative role in the intangible cultural heritage protection system. Its inheritance model and protection experience provide reference for other intangible cultural heritage projects, promoting the overall development of China's intangible cultural heritage protection work. | + | In 2008, Queshan Iron Fireworks was listed in the second batch of the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, which marked its official elevation from a spontaneously organized folk activity to a culturally treasured heritage recognized and protected at the national level. As a representative of intangible cultural heritage projects, Queshan Iron Fireworks plays a demonstrative role in the intangible cultural heritage protection system. Its inheritance model and protection experience provide reference for other intangible cultural heritage projects(Sun, 2022, p.166), promoting the overall development of China's intangible cultural heritage protection work. |
====An Important Component of Folk Culture==== | ====An Important Component of Folk Culture==== | ||
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====A Bridge for Cultural Exchange==== | ====A Bridge for Cultural Exchange==== | ||
| − | As a cultural symbol with distinct Chinese characteristics, Striking Iron Fireworks plays a significant role in domestic cultural exchanges. Striking Iron Fireworks performances across various regions attract people from different geographical areas and ethnic groups, promoting cultural interaction and integration between regions. Meanwhile, in international cultural exchanges, Striking Iron Fireworks has become an important window to showcase the charm of traditional Chinese culture, enhancing the international community's understanding and awareness of Chinese culture. | + | As a cultural symbol with distinct Chinese characteristics, Striking Iron Fireworks plays a significant role in domestic cultural exchanges. Striking Iron Fireworks performances across various regions attract people from different geographical areas and ethnic groups, promoting cultural interaction and integration between regions. Meanwhile, in international cultural exchanges, Striking Iron Fireworks has become an important window to showcase the charm of traditional Chinese culture(Gao, 2025, p.20), enhancing the international community's understanding and awareness of Chinese culture. |
[[File:datiehua(3).jpg]] | [[File:datiehua(3).jpg]] | ||
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| + | [http://www.cppfoto.com/login.aspx?from=/paper/detail.aspx?id=260136] | ||
===Summary=== | ===Summary=== | ||
| − | As a folk performance art nurtured by ancient Chinese craftsmen during the process of casting utensils, Striking Iron Fireworks has been inherited for thousands of years. Originating from the rituals of five guilds of craftsmen worshiping Lord Lao Jun (the Taoist deity of craftsmanship) and the Fire God during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, it spread widely in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, reached its peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and has become a national intangible cultural heritage in modern times. Through ritualized processes such as shed-building, color decoration, and iron | + | As a folk performance art nurtured by ancient Chinese craftsmen during the process of casting utensils, Striking Iron Fireworks has been inherited for thousands of years. Originating from the rituals of five guilds of craftsmen worshiping Lord Lao Jun (the Taoist deity of craftsmanship) and the Fire God during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, it spread widely in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, reached its peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and has become a national intangible cultural heritage in modern times. Through ritualized processes such as shed-building, color decoration, and iron fireworks striking, its performance smashes 1,600°C molten iron into a "shower of stars," integrating drum music and dragon lanterns to form a visual spectacle of fiery trees and silver flowers. This art is not only a carrier of iron-smelting culture and Taoist culture but also has carried multiple connotations across different eras, including commercial blessing rituals, folk sacrifices, and cultural identity. In ancient times, the homophony of "flowers" (花 huā) and "prosperity" (发 fā) symbolized career thriving, while today, through the integration of cultural tourism and international performances, it has become a symbol of national spirit and Chinese cultural dissemination. Despite challenges such as the aging of inheritors and conflicts between traditional craftsmanship and modern environmental protection, it continues to radiate vitality through innovative practices like technological empowerment and educational inheritance, demonstrating the millennium-old resilience of Chinese traditional culture in upholding integrity while embracing innovation(Sun, 2025, the fifth paragraphy). In the future, it is expected to become an important window for the world to understand Chinese civilization through its unique craftsmanship value and cultural connotations. |
===Terms and Expressions=== | ===Terms and Expressions=== | ||
| − | + | Striking Iron Fireworks: 打铁花 | |
| − | + | Smelting Culture:冶铁文化 | |
| − | + | Taoist Culture: 道教文化 | |
| − | + | Flower Shed: 花棚 | |
| − | + | Color Decoration: 设彩 | |
| − | + | National Intangible Cultural Heritage: 国家非物质文化遗产 | |
===Questions=== | ===Questions=== | ||
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===References=== | ===References=== | ||
| − | [1] | + | [1]Appreciation of Intangible Cultural Heritage - Datiehua [J]. Cultural Industry, 2018, (03): 81.[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=db-EbSzo3ogytg7uxLuWKkG8JSUfSePaBSMvGzBRd8PZ_Kr2kvz9zh6jYe8ItUH2WzW_MRgVmXjeFeqT6nL9xM4_FiE7nxElBt8Lb6JzKyGMMd2ZVqpOuA1fYDlku3BgBBUwJokS3oITSL597ezTQZY4JTo4ua6vd8avNcefJhLqsqPXQnnzuA==&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS] |
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| + | [2]Gao Mingyue. Research on the Visual Form Construction of Jincheng's Intangible Cultural Heritage Datiehua Technique [J]. Grand View (Forum), 2025, (03): 18 - 20.[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=db-EbSzo3oiVgBgW6vAuyJDbWnXm5FwIbmid9MxVO-_As3foF1vei0nb843rC5RhzS3zc84vJY5D2X5c102fKaXIVFVzyTOoRg_O78hx64B2KqmAVXeedl5g-Oxir9YBk-2_f7h-DpKCvB-rd0tx1yAvUZ97praCwjg4G5Lqmc-9pEB8Q5mOSw==&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS] | ||
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| + | [3]Sun Haoxin. Research on the External Publicity Strategy of Intangible Cultural Heritage - Taking Lvshun Datiehua as an Example [J]. Writer's World, 2022, (35): 165 - 167.[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=db-EbSzo3oilwF59iOQwifAzHCr66iDzy7KuNG50_Gp-kSYQe3XIEQ9rg-65vC_iozecR7P5SE6prI_SSdbjHiNhHbr7mWJIfxMF3OwYj0lB3U3tK5_DL7J4vIIxxnGwmw4IKWVi96BTWFFnTAAy0AJrq0F9CYDsjkVLBdUIVuVngLIDjkRFsA==&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS] | ||
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| + | [4]Sun Yue. Thousand - degree Molten Iron Transforms into Star - filled Sky [N]. Science and Technology Daily, 2025 - 02 - 25(003). DOI: 10.28502/n.cnki.nkjrb.2025.001155.[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=db-EbSzo3ohZnrrIEd5BNe4UtmHr0TX2iwJO0tjBPVfN2mClmcCjcUMy4wgoZqEGA0qzoy8asBO5gHQy1HA2D7gds1I0pduJp9rQ2Oq09lmrIi2O_ab9moApuoxHIYDsSxZh39q4cEamlPFpEmqOUcrbWasbIFRA5RA2blvD9tNmFU1G5Vr8ypxAllqRpz1P&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS] | ||
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| + | [5]Zhang Feng. Research on the Folk Culture of "Datiehua" in Queshan, Henan Province [D]. Qinghai Normal University, 2018.[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=db-EbSzo3ojGEpbQqGWYMX15WRtTWP7PnzyWGKeCAX0zvgh7wS-z6Kw6YagHUyYgnWW0by7ehiNMpSp13h29dJHr5AFh7kDuuCn7mgBf21WmzCf_J_t9NhMy4f2X9IJodGbo7rGV5WIjXqjuIjf5pfRsR-xwPVnOOH0iCGMFXDyOf9D_HeWen-_F4kTtuyRo&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS] | ||
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| + | ===AI Statement=== | ||
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| + | Before writing this paper, I determined its framework: an introduction to Striking Iron Fireworks, the development history, and the three steps. To make the final paper more perfect, I turned to AI tools: Doubao and Deepseek. | ||
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| + | I gave an prompt to the chatbot Doubao: "I want to write a paper on Chinese language and culture, and the theme is Striking Iron Fireworks. Please introduce the development history of it." However, I found the result was general. Then, I supplemented the prompt: "Please provide the development history of Queshan Striking Iron Fireworks," and then learned about its specific development history. So, I divided it into Origins, Prosperity, and Changes in Modern Times. | ||
| − | + | I then give an prompt to the chatbot Doubao: "Please help me supplement the details of the Striking Iron Fireworks steps." Doubao made the steps I edited more professional and comprehensive. | |
| − | + | Next, I asked the chatbot Deepseek: "Please check if the paper framework is perfect." I learned that my framework was not complete enough. So, I added the prompt: "Please tell me what needs to be supplemented to make the framework more complete." With the help of Deepseek, I added an introduction to the symbolism and significance of Striking Iron Fireworks, enhancing the paper's structural integrity. | |
| − | + | I also asked Deepseek: "Please translate the input Chinese content into English," with whose help I successfully translated some complex Chinese into English. Then I input all the English content and said: "Please review according to English language habits and point out errors that need to modify," thus revising and improving the English translation. Before that, I had already checked and revised the English version myself to ensure the translation was more accurate and faithful. | |
| − | + | Throughout the process of writing this paper, from topic selection and structuring to the final draft, I relied on independent thinking. In the early stage, I independently conceived the framework and overall content, completing the first draft. In the later stage, I used AI to supplement the framework and polish the language, finalizing the paper. The main functions of AI were to add details and refine the language, making the paper's structure more complete and the language more professional. Therefore, AI served only as an assistant and did not participate in the core creation of the paper. | |
== '''打铁花：传承千年的火树银花盛景与文化瑰宝''' == | == '''打铁花：传承千年的火树银花盛景与文化瑰宝''' == | ||
[[File:datiehua picture.jpg]] | [[File:datiehua picture.jpg]] | ||
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| + | [https://www.osogoo.com/user/5bc693ef29c4e.html?type=resource] | ||
打铁花，作为一项极具特色的民间传统活动，是中国古代匠师在铸造器皿过程中孕育出的民俗文化表演技艺。其历史可追溯至北宋，鼎盛于明清，流传至今已有千余年。这一技艺主要分布在黄河中下游地区，尤以河南、山西最为盛行。 | 打铁花，作为一项极具特色的民间传统活动，是中国古代匠师在铸造器皿过程中孕育出的民俗文化表演技艺。其历史可追溯至北宋，鼎盛于明清，流传至今已有千余年。这一技艺主要分布在黄河中下游地区，尤以河南、山西最为盛行。 | ||
[[File:rongtie.jpg]] | [[File:rongtie.jpg]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_29924372] | ||
表演者将铁块加热至1,600℃以上，融化成铁水。表演者手持木勺，将铁水用力泼洒到空中或撞击坚硬的物体，使铁水在空中炸裂成万千火星。火星飞溅时与空气接触，瞬间冷却，形成流光溢彩的壮观景象，宛如“满天星雨”。整场表演通常伴随鼓乐和锣声，营造出热闹的节庆氛围。火花喷涌之间，观众仿佛置身于火树银花的梦幻世界。打铁花蕴含着丰富的文化内涵，象征着人们对美好生活的热切向往。2008年6月，河南省确山县申报的打铁花经国务院批准，成功列入第二批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性名录。 | 表演者将铁块加热至1,600℃以上，融化成铁水。表演者手持木勺，将铁水用力泼洒到空中或撞击坚硬的物体，使铁水在空中炸裂成万千火星。火星飞溅时与空气接触，瞬间冷却，形成流光溢彩的壮观景象，宛如“满天星雨”。整场表演通常伴随鼓乐和锣声，营造出热闹的节庆氛围。火花喷涌之间，观众仿佛置身于火树银花的梦幻世界。打铁花蕴含着丰富的文化内涵，象征着人们对美好生活的热切向往。2008年6月，河南省确山县申报的打铁花经国务院批准，成功列入第二批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性名录。 | ||
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====宗教溯源==== | ====宗教溯源==== | ||
| − | 最初，打铁花源于民间金、银、铜、铁、锡五门工匠的祭祀活动。每年开业之前，五门工匠会共同协商，精心筹备。他们在南搭一花棚，在北搭一神棚，选定良辰吉日，先前往本县老君庙、火神庙，虔诚献上祭祀物品。而后，五门工匠抬着本店供奉的老君神像，列队前行，一路上吹吹打打、鸣放鞭炮，场面热闹非凡。沿途所有工匠店铺都设香案供品迎送，直至队伍抵达神棚，将老君神像安放妥当，才举行庄重的祭祀仪式，虔诚祈求老君爷、火神爷护佑。夜晚，工匠们在神棚内跪拜、更衣，再次祈求神灵保佑安全，随后便开始了打铁花表演。 | + | 最初，打铁花源于民间金、银、铜、铁、锡五门工匠的祭祀活动。每年开业之前，五门工匠会共同协商，精心筹备。他们在南搭一花棚，在北搭一神棚，选定良辰吉日，先前往本县老君庙、火神庙，虔诚献上祭祀物品。而后，五门工匠抬着本店供奉的老君神像，列队前行，一路上吹吹打打、鸣放鞭炮，场面热闹非凡。沿途所有工匠店铺都设香案供品迎送，直至队伍抵达神棚，将老君神像安放妥当，才举行庄重的祭祀仪式，虔诚祈求老君爷、火神爷护佑。夜晚，工匠们在神棚内跪拜、更衣，再次祈求神灵保佑安全，随后便开始了打铁花表演。(张,2018,p.34) |
=== 发展历程 === | === 发展历程 === | ||
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====宋元传播==== | ====宋元传播==== | ||
| − | 北宋以后，随着人口的迁移流动，打铁花逐渐从发源地向全国其他地区流传开来。在传播过程中，它不断吸收各地的地域文化特色，与当地的民俗风情相融合，从而形成了多种多样的表现形式。 | + | 北宋以后，随着人口的迁移流动，打铁花逐渐从发源地向全国其他地区流传开来。在传播过程中，它不断吸收各地的地域文化特色，与当地的民俗风情相融合，从而形成了多种多样的表现形式。(非物质文化遗产欣赏，2018，p.81) |
====明清鼎盛==== | ====明清鼎盛==== | ||
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====近代变迁==== | ====近代变迁==== | ||
| − | 民国初年，由于战乱和社会动荡，确山铁花也受到了极大冲击，濒于灭绝。新中国成立后，社会逐渐稳定，但随着现代烟花的普及和快速发展，打铁花因其制作工艺复杂、危险性高、成本较大等原因，活动日益减少。直到1988年，确山铁花才再次重现，展示出其独特的艺术魅力。 | + | 民国初年，由于战乱和社会动荡，确山铁花也受到了极大冲击，濒于灭绝。新中国成立后，社会逐渐稳定，但随着现代烟花的普及和快速发展，打铁花因其制作工艺复杂、危险性高、成本较大等原因，活动日益减少。直到1988年，确山铁花才再次重现，展示出其独特的艺术魅力。(孙,2025,第3段) |
=== 打铁花表演步骤 === | === 打铁花表演步骤 === | ||
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[[File:dahuapeng .jpg]] | [[File:dahuapeng .jpg]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [https://www.vjshi.com/watch/10172925.html] | ||
====设彩==== | ====设彩==== | ||
| − | + | 这一步骤为花棚增添了丰富的色彩与喜庆氛围。在花棚顶端，匠人们密密麻麻地布满柳树枝，同时巧妙地绑上烟花鞭炮。在花棚顶上正中，竖起一根约6米高的杆子，称为“老杆”，老杆顶上同样绑满烟花鞭炮，通过这样的设置，使花棚总高度达到十米以上。当铁花绽放时，与花棚上的烟花鞭炮相互辉映(高，2025，p.19)，将营造出极为壮观的景象。 | |
[[File:shecai.jpg]] | [[File:shecai.jpg]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [http://www.zmdnews.cn/2023/0307/744529.shtml] | ||
====打花环节==== | ====打花环节==== | ||
| − | + | 花棚旁，一座化铁炉熊熊燃烧，准备好的废生铁在高温下逐渐化成铁汁。打花艺人赤裸上身，仅头戴安全帽，展现出无畏的勇气。他们一手执盛有铁汁的上花棒，一手执未盛铁汁的下花棒，迅速跑到花棚下，用下棒猛击上棒，瞬间发力，使棒中的铁汁以高速冲向花棚。铁汁遇到棚顶的柳枝，顿时迸散开来，如繁星般四散飞溅。与此同时，花棚上的烟花鞭炮被点燃，一时间，铁花飞溅、鞭炮轰鸣、烟花吐艳，整个场面蔚为壮观。在表演中，若有技艺精湛的老艺人能够击中老杆最高处，并成功点燃那里的烟花炮仗，这被称为“中彩”(张，2018，p.50)。中彩者会受到极高的礼遇，被披红挂花，并获得奖励钱物，成为全场的焦点。在打铁花活动进行时，常常伴有龙灯队。龙灯队在铁花飞溅的花棚下灵活地进进出出，这一表演形式被称为“龙穿花”。龙在中国文化中象征着吉祥、权威与力量，“龙穿花”使铁花表演显得更加壮观、喜庆、吉祥，将现场的氛围推向高潮。 | |
[[File:datiehua part.jpg]] | [[File:datiehua part.jpg]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [http://sino.newdu.com/m/view.php?aid=60322] | ||
=== 寓意 === | === 寓意 === | ||
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==== 现代寓意 ==== | ==== 现代寓意 ==== | ||
| − | + | 随着社会的发展，打铁花被赋予了更多积极的寓意。在现代社会，打铁花表演时那漫天花雨、满地黄金的壮观景象，寓意着遍地生金，象征着财富与繁荣（孙，2022，p.167）。同时，铁花绽放的火光被视为兴旺发达的象征，寓意着事业蒸蒸日上、生活红红火火。此外，打铁花还承载着人们对美好生活的向往，成为了一种凝聚人心、传递正能量的文化符号。打铁花能让人们感受到传统文化的魅力，增强民族自豪感和文化自信心。 | |
=== 意义=== | === 意义=== | ||
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====工匠精神的诠释==== | ====工匠精神的诠释==== | ||
| − | + | 打铁花的制作与表演过程，深刻诠释了精益求精的工匠精神。从选铁、化铁到击打铁水，每一个环节都需要匠人具备高超的技艺与专注的态度(张，2018，p.55)。例如，化铁时对火候的精准把控，需要匠人凭借多年经验判断铁水是否达到最佳温度；击打铁水时，力度与角度的细微差别，都会影响铁花绽放的形态。这种对技艺极致追求的精神，正是中华民族工匠精神的生动写照，激励着当代人在各自领域深耕细作。 | |
====哲学的体现==== | ====哲学的体现==== | ||
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====国家级非遗的核心地位==== | ====国家级非遗的核心地位==== | ||
| − | 2008 | + | 2008 年，确山铁花被列入第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，这标志着打铁花从民间自发的民俗活动，正式上升为国家层面认可保护的文化瑰宝。作为非遗项目的代表，确山铁花在非遗保护体系中具有示范作用，其传承模式、保护经验为其他非遗项目提供了借鉴(孙，2022，p.166)，推动了我国非遗保护工作的整体发展。 |
====民俗文化的重要组成==== | ====民俗文化的重要组成==== | ||
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====文化交流的桥梁==== | ====文化交流的桥梁==== | ||
| − | + | 打铁花作为极具中国特色的文化符号，在国内文化交流中扮演着重要角色。各地的打铁花表演活动，吸引着不同地域、不同民族的人们前来观赏，促进了地域间的文化互动与融合。同时，在对外文化交流中，打铁花也成为展示中国传统文化魅力的重要窗口(高，2025，p.20)，增进了国际社会对中国文化的了解与认知 。 | |
| + | |||
| + | [[File:datiehua(3).jpg]] | ||
| − | [ | + | [http://www.cppfoto.com/login.aspx?from=/paper/detail.aspx?id=260136] |
===总结=== | ===总结=== | ||
| − | 打铁花作为中国古代匠师在铸造器皿过程中孕育的民俗表演技艺，历经千年传承，从春秋战国时期五门工匠祭祀老君与火神的仪式，经宋元传播、明清鼎盛，至现代成为国家级非物质文化遗产，其表演通过搭棚、设彩、打花的仪式化流程，将 1600℃铁水击散为 “星雨”，融合鼓乐、龙灯形成火树银花的视觉奇观。这一技艺不仅是冶铁文化与道教文化的载体，更在不同时期承载着商业祈福、民间祭祀、文化认同的多重内涵，古代借 “花”“发” | + | 打铁花作为中国古代匠师在铸造器皿过程中孕育的民俗表演技艺，历经千年传承，从春秋战国时期五门工匠祭祀老君与火神的仪式，经宋元传播、明清鼎盛，至现代成为国家级非物质文化遗产，其表演通过搭棚、设彩、打花的仪式化流程，将 1600℃铁水击散为 “星雨”，融合鼓乐、龙灯形成火树银花的视觉奇观。这一技艺不仅是冶铁文化与道教文化的载体，更在不同时期承载着商业祈福、民间祭祀、文化认同的多重内涵，古代借 “花”“发” 谐音象征事业兴旺，现代则通过文旅融合、国际展演成为凝聚民族精神、传播中国文化的符号。尽管面临传承人老龄化、传统工艺与现代环保冲突等挑战，但其通过科技赋能、教育传承等创新实践持续焕发活力，展现了中华传统文化在守正创新中延续千年的韧性(孙，2025，第5段)，未来更有望以独特的技艺价值与文化内涵，成为世界认知中华文明的重要窗口。 |
| − | |||
=== 术语 === | === 术语 === | ||
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=== 参考文献 === | === 参考文献 === | ||
| − | [1]非物质文化遗产欣赏——打铁花[J].文化产业,2018,(03):81 | + | [1]非物质文化遗产欣赏——打铁花[J].文化产业,2018,(03):81 [https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=db-EbSzo3ogytg7uxLuWKkG8JSUfSePaBSMvGzBRd8PZ_Kr2kvz9zh6jYe8ItUH2WzW_MRgVmXjeFeqT6nL9xM4_FiE7nxElBt8Lb6JzKyGMMd2ZVqpOuA1fYDlku3BgBBUwJokS3oITSL597ezTQZY4JTo4ua6vd8avNcefJhLqsqPXQnnzuA==&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS] |
| + | |||
| + | [2]高明月.晋城非遗打铁花技艺的视觉形态构建研究[J].大观(论坛),2025,(03):18-20.[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=db-EbSzo3oiVgBgW6vAuyJDbWnXm5FwIbmid9MxVO-_As3foF1vei0nb843rC5RhzS3zc84vJY5D2X5c102fKaXIVFVzyTOoRg_O78hx64B2KqmAVXeedl5g-Oxir9YBk-2_f7h-DpKCvB-rd0tx1yAvUZ97praCwjg4G5Lqmc-9pEB8Q5mOSw==&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [3]孙浩鑫.非物质文化遗产外宣策略研究——以旅顺打铁花为例[J].作家天地,2022,(35):165-167.[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=db-EbSzo3oilwF59iOQwifAzHCr66iDzy7KuNG50_Gp-kSYQe3XIEQ9rg-65vC_iozecR7P5SE6prI_SSdbjHiNhHbr7mWJIfxMF3OwYj0lB3U3tK5_DL7J4vIIxxnGwmw4IKWVi96BTWFFnTAAy0AJrq0F9CYDsjkVLBdUIVuVngLIDjkRFsA==&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [4]孙越.千度铁水幻化成满天星光[N].科技日报,2025-02-25(003).DOI:10.28502/n.cnki.nkjrb.2025.001155.[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=db-EbSzo3ohZnrrIEd5BNe4UtmHr0TX2iwJO0tjBPVfN2mClmcCjcUMy4wgoZqEGA0qzoy8asBO5gHQy1HA2D7gds1I0pduJp9rQ2Oq09lmrIi2O_ab9moApuoxHIYDsSxZh39q4cEamlPFpEmqOUcrbWasbIFRA5RA2blvD9tNmFU1G5Vr8ypxAllqRpz1P&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [5]张凤.河南省确山“打铁花”民俗文化研究[D].青海师范大学,2018.[https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=db-EbSzo3ojGEpbQqGWYMX15WRtTWP7PnzyWGKeCAX0zvgh7wS-z6Kw6YagHUyYgnWW0by7ehiNMpSp13h29dJHr5AFh7kDuuCn7mgBf21WmzCf_J_t9NhMy4f2X9IJodGbo7rGV5WIjXqjuIjf5pfRsR-xwPVnOOH0iCGMFXDyOf9D_HeWen-_F4kTtuyRo&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===人工智能声明=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | 在写这篇论文之前，我定好了论文的框架: 打铁花简介、打铁花发展历史和打铁花三个步骤。为了使期末论文更加完美，我借助AI: 豆包和Deepseek。 | ||
| + | |||
| + | 我向聊天机器人豆包下达指令: ”我想写一篇关于中国语言文化的论文，主题是打铁花，请给我介绍一下打铁花的发展历史”。结果我发现生成的历史有些笼统。我补充指令:“请提供确山打铁花的发展历史”，之后我了解到了具体的发展史，将其分为起源、鼎盛与近代变迁。 | ||
| − | + | 我向聊天机器人豆包下达指令: “请帮我补充打铁花步骤的细节”，豆包将我编辑的打铁花步骤变得更加专业、完善。 | |
| − | + | 我向聊天机器人Deepseek下达指令:“请帮我检查论文框架是否完美”。我得知我的论文框架还不够完整。我补充指令: “请告诉我需要补充什么内容才能让框架更完整”。后经提示，我添加了对打铁花寓意与意义的介绍，使论文结构更完整。 | |
| − | + | 我向聊天机器人Deepseek下达指令: “请将输入的中文内容翻译为英文”。借助AI我顺利地将一部分复杂的中文翻译为英文。接着我输入所有英文内容，并下达指令:“请按照英语语言习惯帮我审核一下有哪些地方需要修改”，重新完善了英文翻译。在此之前，我已经自己检查修改过英文版本，使翻译更正确、忠实。 | |
| − | + | 在撰写本论文的过程中，从选题、构架到最终成稿，都是基于我独立思考。在写作前期，我独立构思了论文框架以及整体内容，完成了论文第一稿；在写作后期，我借助AI帮我进行框架补充以及语言完善，完成了论文终稿。AI主要功能是补充细节以及精简语言，使我的论文结构更加完整、语言更加专业。因此，AI只是助手，并未参与论文的核心创作。 | |
Latest revision as of 15:21, 16 June 2025
24MTI Xu Yangyang
Striking Iron Fireworks:The Grand Scenery and Cultural Treasures of Fire Trees and Silver Flowers Inherited for Thousands of Years
Strinking Iron Fireworks, as a distinctive traditional folk activity, is a folk performance art form developed by ancient Chinese craftsmen during the process of casting utensils. Its history dates back to the Northern Song Dynasty, and it reached its peak during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It has been passed down to the present day for over a thousand years. This art is mainly found in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, especially in Henan and Shanxi provinces.
Performers heat iron ingots to over 1,600°C until they liquefy into molten iron. Then, holding wooden spoons, they forcefully launch the molten iron into the air or strike it against hard objects, causing the molten iron to burst into thousands of sparks in the air. As the sparks fly and come into contact with the air, they cool instantly, creating a spectacular scene of flowing colors, just like "a rain of stars." The entire performance is usually accompanied by drum music and the sounds of gongs, creating a vibrant festival atmosphere. As the sparks spurt, the audience seems to be in a dreamlike world of fiery trees and silver flowers. Striking Iron Fireworks contains many cultural connotations, symbolizing people's anticipation for a better life. In June 2008, Striking Iron Fireworks, from Queshan County, Henan Province, was approved by the State Council and successfully listed in the second batch of National Intangible Cultural heritage representative lists.
Origin
Technical Tracing
The origin of Striking Iron Fireworks is closely linked to ancient Chinese smelting industry, which can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods. At that time, the smelting industry thrived, laying a material foundation for the emergence of Striking Iron Fireworks.
Religious Tracing
Initially, Striking Iron Fireworks originated from the sacrificial activities of craftsmen who worked with gold, silver, copper, iron, and tin. Before commencing their business operations each year, these five types of craftsmen would consult and prepare jointly. They would set up a flower shed in the south and a divine shed in the north. After choosing an auspicious day, they would first go to the local Lao Jun Temple and Fire God Temple to offer sacrifices piously. Then, the five types of craftsmen would carry the statue of Lord Lao Jun, which was enshrined in their shop, and proceed in a procession. Along the way, they would play music, beat drums, and set off firecrackers, creating an extremely lively scene. All the shops of craftsmen along the way would set up incense tables and offerings to welcome and see off the procession. Only after the procession arrived at the divine shed and placed the statue of Lord Lao Jun properly, they would hold a solemn sacrificial ceremony, earnestly praying for the protection of Lord Lao Jun and the Fire God. At night, the craftsmen would kneel and change their clothes in the divine shed, praying for divine protection and safety again. After that, they would start Striking Iron Fireworks performance.(Zhang, 2018, p.34)
Development History
Spread in the Song and Yuan Dynasties
After the Northern Song Dynasty, with the migration of the population, Striking Iron Fireworks gradually spread from its origin to other regions across the country. During the process of dissemination, it continuously absorbs the characteristics of regional cultures in various places and integrates with the local folk customs, thereby forming a wide variety of expressive forms.(Appreciation of Intangible Cultural Heritage - Datiehua, 2018, p.81)
Prosperity in the Ming and Qing Dynasties
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Striking Iron Fireworks entered a period of great prosperity. In this period, the government and all sectors of society strongly supported it, which greatly expanded its range of applicatioins. It was no longer confined to the sacrificial activities but was widely used in various festive events in folk society, such as making and fulfilling vows, promotions, weddings etc. At the same time, to enhance the ornamental value and atmosphere of the performance, Striking Iron Fireworks incorporated rich elements such as firecrackers and fireworks, gradually evolving into a folk iron fireworks with regional characteristics.
Changes in Modern Times
In the early 20th century, due to frequent wars and social unrest, Queshan Iron Fireworks was also greatly impacted and nearly become extinct. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, society gradually stabilized. However, with the popularization and rapid development of modern fireworks, Striking Iron Fireworks saw a decline in activities due to its complex production process, high risk, and high costs. It was not until 1988 that Queshan Iron Fireworks reapperaed, demonstrating its unique artistic charm.(Sun, 2025, the third paragraphy)
Steps of Striking Iron Fireworks Performance
The performance of Striking Iron Fireworks is divided into three key steps. Each step is filled with a sense of ritual and technicality.
The Shed-building Ceremony
This forms the basis of the entire performance. In an open field, craftsmen carefully build a double - layer, square, octagonal flower shed about 6 meters high. The construction of the flower shed needs to strictly follow traditional specifications and techniques to ensure its stability and safety.
Color Decoration
This step adds rich colors and a festive atmosphere to the flower shed. At the top of the flower shed, craftsmen densely cover it with willow branches and skillfully tie firecrackers and fireworks. In the center of the top of the flower shed, a pole about 6 meters high, called the "main pole", is erected, and the top of the main pole is also fully covered with firecrackers and fireworks. Through such settings, the total height of the flower shed reaches more than ten meters. When the iron fireworks bloom, they will shine brightly in concert with the firecrackers and fireworks on the flower shed, (Gao, 2025, p.19)creating an extremely spectacular scene.
The Iron Fireworks Striking Session
Next to the flower shed, a melting iron furnace burns brightly, and the prepared scrap iron gradually melts into iron under high temperature. The craftsmen bare their upper bodies and only wear safety helmets, showing fearless courage. The hold an upper flower stick filled with molten iron in one hand and a lower flower stick without molten iron in the other. They quickly run to the bottem of the flower shed and strike the upper stick with the lower stick forcefully, instantly making the molten iron in the stick rush towards the flower shed at high speed. When the molten iron strikes the willow branches on the shed roof, it scatters instantaneously, resembling a shower of stars bursting in all directions. At the same time, the firecrackers and fireworks on the flower shed are ignited. For a moment, iron flowers were splashing, the firecrackers were booming deafeningly, and fireworks were blazing spectacularly. The whole scene was truly magnificent. During the performance, if a highly skilled craftsman can hit the highest point of the main pole and successfully set off the fireworks there, it is called "hitting the jackpot." (Zhang, 2018, p.50)The person who hits the jackpot will receive great honor, such as being dressed in red and decorated with flowers, receiving rewards of money and gifts, and becoming the focus of the whole scene. During Striking Iron Fireworks event, there is often a dragon - lantern team. The dragon - lantern team nimbly moves in and out of the flower shed where the iron fireworks are splashing. This performance form is called "the dragon threading through the fireworks." The dragon symbolizes good luck, authority, and power in Chinese culture. "The dragon threading through the fireworks" makes Striking Iron Fireworks performance more spectacular, festive, and auspicious, pushing the atmosphere of the scene to a climax.
Implications
Commercial Implication
In ancient times, Striking Iron Fireworks had great significance for the craftsman's industry. By holding Striking Iron Fireworks events, craftsmen could fully display the unique skills and grandeur of their industry, attracting the attention of public, thus expanding the influence of the industry and enhancing its status in society. At the same time, Striking Iron Fireworks also contains profound commercial implications. Leveraging the homophony of "flower" and "prosperity" in Chinese, it symbolizes the flourishing of one's career. In business activities, people believed that they could be lucky and gain a great deal of wealth by holding Striking Iron Fireworks events. This implication reflects the pursuit of ancient craftsmen and merchants for a better life.
Wishing Implications
Striking Iron Fireworks plays an important role in folk sacrificial rituals. It originated from the rituals of ancient ancestors sacrificing to the heaven, earth, gods, and ancestors, as well as the joint sacrifices of Lord Lao Jun and the Fire God by the Central Plains Taoists and the five types of folk craftsmen. In these sacrificial activities, Striking Iron Fireworks was regarded as a way to communicate with the gods and convey people's good wishes. People believed that they could pray to the gods for favorable weather for crops, a bumper harvest, the safety of people and livestock, peace and happiness in life. This implication has run through the development process of Striking Iron Fireworks and become an important part of its cultural connotations.
Modern Implications
With the development of society, Striking Iron Fireworks has been given more positive implications. In modern society, the spectacular scene of Striking Iron Fireworks symbolizes wealth and prosperity(Sun, 2022, p.167). At the same time, the blooming fire of the iron fireworks is regarded as a symbol of prosperity, implying that careers are booming and life is prosperous. In addition, Striking Iron Fireworks also carries people's longing for a better life. And it has become a cultural symbol that unites people's hearts and conveys positive energy. Striking Iron Fireworks can make people feel the charm of traditional culture and enhance national pride and cultural confidence.
Significance
Carrier of Collective Memory
Striking Iron Fireworks is not only a display of craftsmanship but also a concrete manifestation of collective memory. In traditional performance areas, such as Henan, Shanxi, and Hebei, many families have participated in Striking Iron Fireworks performances for generations. From the "iron flower striking chants" passed down by ancestors to the hand gestures in specific rituals, all carry the historical memories of families and regions. In Jincheng, Shanxi, the Striking Iron Fireworks event held during the Spring Festival attracts residents from hundreds of miles around to gather and witness this visual feast that has been inherited for hundreds of years. This collective participation and inheritance strengthen local cultural identity, making Striking Iron Fireworks an important bond for maintaining hometown feelings.
Interpretation of the Spirit of Craftsmanship
The production and performance process of Striking Iron Fireworks profoundly interprets the craftsmanship spirit of striving for perfection. From selecting iron and melting it to striking the molten iron, every step requires craftsmen to have superb skills and a dedicated attitude(Zhang, 2018, p.55). For example, precise control of the heat during iron melting requires craftsmen to judge whether the molten iron has reached the optimal temperature based on years of experience; subtle differences in strength and angle when striking the molten iron will affect the blooming shape of the iron fireworks. This spirit of pursuing the ultimate in craftsmanship is a vivid portrayal of the Chinese nation's craftsmanship spirit, inspiring contemporary people to deeply cultivate and work meticulously in their respective fields.
Embodiment of Philosophy
In the context of traditional culture, Striking Iron Fireworks embodies the philosophical thought of Yin and Yang. Molten iron represents the utmost Yang—high-temperature and scorching—while striking it to make it splash and form a gorgeous shower of fireworks in the air, symbolizes the beauty of Yin. This transformation between hardness and softness, between Yang and Yin, perfectly aligns with the ancient Chinese philosophical concept of Yin-Yang harmony and mutual generation and restriction. It demonstrates the profound understanding of the ancient people about the laws governing the operation of all things in the universe.
Status and Value
Core Status as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage
In 2008, Queshan Iron Fireworks was listed in the second batch of the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List, which marked its official elevation from a spontaneously organized folk activity to a culturally treasured heritage recognized and protected at the national level. As a representative of intangible cultural heritage projects, Queshan Iron Fireworks plays a demonstrative role in the intangible cultural heritage protection system. Its inheritance model and protection experience provide reference for other intangible cultural heritage projects(Sun, 2022, p.166), promoting the overall development of China's intangible cultural heritage protection work.
An Important Component of Folk Culture
In China's rich treasure trove of folk culture, Iron Fireworks holds a unique and significant position. It integrates multiple cultural elements such as folk beliefs, sacrificial rituals, and handicraft techniques, serving as a culmination of folk culture. Closely intertwined with traditional festivals like the Spring Festival and Lantern Festival, Iron Fireworks adds a strong festive atmosphere to these celebrations and preserves the cultural genes of the Chinese nation, becoming a vital carrier for the inheritance and development of folk culture.
A Bridge for Cultural Exchange
As a cultural symbol with distinct Chinese characteristics, Striking Iron Fireworks plays a significant role in domestic cultural exchanges. Striking Iron Fireworks performances across various regions attract people from different geographical areas and ethnic groups, promoting cultural interaction and integration between regions. Meanwhile, in international cultural exchanges, Striking Iron Fireworks has become an important window to showcase the charm of traditional Chinese culture(Gao, 2025, p.20), enhancing the international community's understanding and awareness of Chinese culture.
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Summary
As a folk performance art nurtured by ancient Chinese craftsmen during the process of casting utensils, Striking Iron Fireworks has been inherited for thousands of years. Originating from the rituals of five guilds of craftsmen worshiping Lord Lao Jun (the Taoist deity of craftsmanship) and the Fire God during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, it spread widely in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, reached its peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and has become a national intangible cultural heritage in modern times. Through ritualized processes such as shed-building, color decoration, and iron fireworks striking, its performance smashes 1,600°C molten iron into a "shower of stars," integrating drum music and dragon lanterns to form a visual spectacle of fiery trees and silver flowers. This art is not only a carrier of iron-smelting culture and Taoist culture but also has carried multiple connotations across different eras, including commercial blessing rituals, folk sacrifices, and cultural identity. In ancient times, the homophony of "flowers" (花 huā) and "prosperity" (发 fā) symbolized career thriving, while today, through the integration of cultural tourism and international performances, it has become a symbol of national spirit and Chinese cultural dissemination. Despite challenges such as the aging of inheritors and conflicts between traditional craftsmanship and modern environmental protection, it continues to radiate vitality through innovative practices like technological empowerment and educational inheritance, demonstrating the millennium-old resilience of Chinese traditional culture in upholding integrity while embracing innovation(Sun, 2025, the fifth paragraphy). In the future, it is expected to become an important window for the world to understand Chinese civilization through its unique craftsmanship value and cultural connotations.
Terms and Expressions
Striking Iron Fireworks: 打铁花
Smelting Culture:冶铁文化
Taoist Culture: 道教文化
Flower Shed: 花棚
Color Decoration: 设彩
National Intangible Cultural Heritage: 国家非物质文化遗产
Questions
1.When was the peak period of Striking Iron Fireworks?
2.What was the original purpose of Striking Iron Fireworks?
3.How many steps does the performance of Striking Iron Fireworks consist of？
4.Which dynasty did Striking Iron Fireworks originate from?
5.When was Striking Iron Fireworks listed as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage?
6.What is the melting point of iron used in the Iron Flower Fireworks performance?
7.What is the commercial implication of Striking Iron Fireworks?
Answers
1.The peak period of Striking Iron Fireworks was during the Ming and Qing dynasties.
2.The original use of Striking Iron Fireworks was for sacrificial activities.
3.Three steps, including the Shed-building Ceremony, Color Decoration and the Iron Flower Striking Session.
4.Striking Iron Fireworks originated in the Northern Song Dynasty.
5.In 2008, Striking Iron Fireworks was listed in the National Intangible Cultural Heritage List.
6.The molten iron is typically heated to over 1600°C during the performance.
7.Considering the homophony of "flower" and "prosperity" in Chinese，people believed that holding such events in business activities could bring good luck and wealth, reflecting the pursuit of ancient craftsmen and merchants for a better life.
References
[1]Appreciation of Intangible Cultural Heritage - Datiehua [J]. Cultural Industry, 2018, (03): 81.[7]
[2]Gao Mingyue. Research on the Visual Form Construction of Jincheng's Intangible Cultural Heritage Datiehua Technique [J]. Grand View (Forum), 2025, (03): 18 - 20.[8]
[3]Sun Haoxin. Research on the External Publicity Strategy of Intangible Cultural Heritage - Taking Lvshun Datiehua as an Example [J]. Writer's World, 2022, (35): 165 - 167.[9]
[4]Sun Yue. Thousand - degree Molten Iron Transforms into Star - filled Sky [N]. Science and Technology Daily, 2025 - 02 - 25(003). DOI: 10.28502/n.cnki.nkjrb.2025.001155.[10]
[5]Zhang Feng. Research on the Folk Culture of "Datiehua" in Queshan, Henan Province [D]. Qinghai Normal University, 2018.[11]
AI Statement
Before writing this paper, I determined its framework: an introduction to Striking Iron Fireworks, the development history, and the three steps. To make the final paper more perfect, I turned to AI tools: Doubao and Deepseek.
I gave an prompt to the chatbot Doubao: "I want to write a paper on Chinese language and culture, and the theme is Striking Iron Fireworks. Please introduce the development history of it." However, I found the result was general. Then, I supplemented the prompt: "Please provide the development history of Queshan Striking Iron Fireworks," and then learned about its specific development history. So, I divided it into Origins, Prosperity, and Changes in Modern Times.
I then give an prompt to the chatbot Doubao: "Please help me supplement the details of the Striking Iron Fireworks steps." Doubao made the steps I edited more professional and comprehensive.
Next, I asked the chatbot Deepseek: "Please check if the paper framework is perfect." I learned that my framework was not complete enough. So, I added the prompt: "Please tell me what needs to be supplemented to make the framework more complete." With the help of Deepseek, I added an introduction to the symbolism and significance of Striking Iron Fireworks, enhancing the paper's structural integrity.
I also asked Deepseek: "Please translate the input Chinese content into English," with whose help I successfully translated some complex Chinese into English. Then I input all the English content and said: "Please review according to English language habits and point out errors that need to modify," thus revising and improving the English translation. Before that, I had already checked and revised the English version myself to ensure the translation was more accurate and faithful.
Throughout the process of writing this paper, from topic selection and structuring to the final draft, I relied on independent thinking. In the early stage, I independently conceived the framework and overall content, completing the first draft. In the later stage, I used AI to supplement the framework and polish the language, finalizing the paper. The main functions of AI were to add details and refine the language, making the paper's structure more complete and the language more professional. Therefore, AI served only as an assistant and did not participate in the core creation of the paper.
打铁花：传承千年的火树银花盛景与文化瑰宝
打铁花，作为一项极具特色的民间传统活动，是中国古代匠师在铸造器皿过程中孕育出的民俗文化表演技艺。其历史可追溯至北宋，鼎盛于明清，流传至今已有千余年。这一技艺主要分布在黄河中下游地区，尤以河南、山西最为盛行。
表演者将铁块加热至1,600℃以上，融化成铁水。表演者手持木勺，将铁水用力泼洒到空中或撞击坚硬的物体，使铁水在空中炸裂成万千火星。火星飞溅时与空气接触，瞬间冷却，形成流光溢彩的壮观景象，宛如“满天星雨”。整场表演通常伴随鼓乐和锣声，营造出热闹的节庆氛围。火花喷涌之间，观众仿佛置身于火树银花的梦幻世界。打铁花蕴含着丰富的文化内涵，象征着人们对美好生活的热切向往。2008年6月，河南省确山县申报的打铁花经国务院批准，成功列入第二批国家级非物质文化遗产代表性名录。
起源
技术溯源
打铁花的起源与中国古代的冶炼工业紧密相连，可追溯到春秋战国时期。当时，冶炼业兴起，为打铁花的出现奠定了物质基础。
宗教溯源
最初，打铁花源于民间金、银、铜、铁、锡五门工匠的祭祀活动。每年开业之前，五门工匠会共同协商，精心筹备。他们在南搭一花棚，在北搭一神棚，选定良辰吉日，先前往本县老君庙、火神庙，虔诚献上祭祀物品。而后，五门工匠抬着本店供奉的老君神像，列队前行，一路上吹吹打打、鸣放鞭炮，场面热闹非凡。沿途所有工匠店铺都设香案供品迎送，直至队伍抵达神棚，将老君神像安放妥当，才举行庄重的祭祀仪式，虔诚祈求老君爷、火神爷护佑。夜晚，工匠们在神棚内跪拜、更衣，再次祈求神灵保佑安全，随后便开始了打铁花表演。(张,2018,p.34)
发展历程
宋元传播
北宋以后，随着人口的迁移流动，打铁花逐渐从发源地向全国其他地区流传开来。在传播过程中，它不断吸收各地的地域文化特色，与当地的民俗风情相融合，从而形成了多种多样的表现形式。(非物质文化遗产欣赏，2018，p.81)
明清鼎盛
到了明清时期，打铁花迎来了鼎盛发展阶段。这一时期，官府和社会各界对打铁花给予了大力支持，使得打铁花的应用场景得到了极大扩展。它不再仅仅局限于工匠的祭祀活动，还广泛应用于民间的还愿、升迁、嫁娶等活动。同时，为了增强表演的观赏性和热闹氛围，打铁花融入了鞭炮、烟花等丰富多样的元素，逐渐发展成为具有鲜明地域特色的民间铁花焰火。
近代变迁
民国初年，由于战乱和社会动荡，确山铁花也受到了极大冲击，濒于灭绝。新中国成立后，社会逐渐稳定，但随着现代烟花的普及和快速发展，打铁花因其制作工艺复杂、危险性高、成本较大等原因，活动日益减少。直到1988年，确山铁花才再次重现，展示出其独特的艺术魅力。(孙,2025,第3段)
打铁花表演步骤
打铁花表演分为三个关键步骤。每个步骤都充满了仪式感与技巧性。
搭棚仪式
这是整个表演的基础工程。在空旷场地上，匠人们精心搭设一个约6米高的双层四方八角花棚。花棚的搭建需要严格遵循传统的规格和工艺，确保其稳固性与安全性。
设彩
这一步骤为花棚增添了丰富的色彩与喜庆氛围。在花棚顶端，匠人们密密麻麻地布满柳树枝，同时巧妙地绑上烟花鞭炮。在花棚顶上正中，竖起一根约6米高的杆子，称为“老杆”，老杆顶上同样绑满烟花鞭炮，通过这样的设置，使花棚总高度达到十米以上。当铁花绽放时，与花棚上的烟花鞭炮相互辉映(高，2025，p.19)，将营造出极为壮观的景象。
打花环节
花棚旁，一座化铁炉熊熊燃烧，准备好的废生铁在高温下逐渐化成铁汁。打花艺人赤裸上身，仅头戴安全帽，展现出无畏的勇气。他们一手执盛有铁汁的上花棒，一手执未盛铁汁的下花棒，迅速跑到花棚下，用下棒猛击上棒，瞬间发力，使棒中的铁汁以高速冲向花棚。铁汁遇到棚顶的柳枝，顿时迸散开来，如繁星般四散飞溅。与此同时，花棚上的烟花鞭炮被点燃，一时间，铁花飞溅、鞭炮轰鸣、烟花吐艳，整个场面蔚为壮观。在表演中，若有技艺精湛的老艺人能够击中老杆最高处，并成功点燃那里的烟花炮仗，这被称为“中彩”(张，2018，p.50)。中彩者会受到极高的礼遇，被披红挂花，并获得奖励钱物，成为全场的焦点。在打铁花活动进行时，常常伴有龙灯队。龙灯队在铁花飞溅的花棚下灵活地进进出出，这一表演形式被称为“龙穿花”。龙在中国文化中象征着吉祥、权威与力量，“龙穿花”使铁花表演显得更加壮观、喜庆、吉祥，将现场的氛围推向高潮。
寓意
商业寓意
在古代，打铁花对于工匠行业来说，具有重要的意义。通过举办打铁花活动，工匠们能够充分展示本行业的独特技艺和气派，吸引群众的目光，从而扩大行业的影响力，提升行业在社会中的地位。同时，打铁花还蕴含着深刻的商业寓意。利用“花”与“发”的谐音，象征着事业能够发达兴旺。在商业活动中，人们相信通过举办打铁花活动，可以为自己的生意带来好运，财源广进。这种寓意反映了古代工匠和商人对美好生活的向往和追求。
祈愿寓意
打铁花在民间祭祀活动中扮演着重要角色。它源于古代先民祭祀天地神灵、祖宗的仪式，以及中原道教和民间五门工匠共同祭祀太上老君及火神的仪式。在这些祭祀活动中，打铁花被视为一种能够沟通神灵、传达人们美好祈愿的方式。人们相信，他们可以祈求神灵保佑风调雨顺、五谷丰登、人畜平安，和平以及幸福生活。这种寓意贯穿了打铁花的发展历程，成为其文化内涵的重要组成部分。
现代寓意
随着社会的发展，打铁花被赋予了更多积极的寓意。在现代社会，打铁花表演时那漫天花雨、满地黄金的壮观景象，寓意着遍地生金，象征着财富与繁荣（孙，2022，p.167）。同时，铁花绽放的火光被视为兴旺发达的象征，寓意着事业蒸蒸日上、生活红红火火。此外，打铁花还承载着人们对美好生活的向往，成为了一种凝聚人心、传递正能量的文化符号。打铁花能让人们感受到传统文化的魅力，增强民族自豪感和文化自信心。
意义
集体记忆的载体
打铁花不仅是技艺展示，更是集体记忆的具象化呈现。在豫晋冀等传统表演区域，许多家族世代参与打铁花表演，从祖辈传授的 “打花口诀” 到特定仪式中的手势动作，都承载着家族与地域的历史记忆。在山西晋城，每逢春节举办的打铁花活动，会吸引方圆百里的居民聚集，共同见证这场传承数百年的视觉盛宴，这种群体性的参与与传承，强化了地方文化认同，使打铁花成为维系乡情的重要纽带 。
工匠精神的诠释
打铁花的制作与表演过程，深刻诠释了精益求精的工匠精神。从选铁、化铁到击打铁水，每一个环节都需要匠人具备高超的技艺与专注的态度(张，2018，p.55)。例如，化铁时对火候的精准把控，需要匠人凭借多年经验判断铁水是否达到最佳温度；击打铁水时，力度与角度的细微差别，都会影响铁花绽放的形态。这种对技艺极致追求的精神，正是中华民族工匠精神的生动写照，激励着当代人在各自领域深耕细作。
哲学的体现
在传统文化语境中，打铁花蕴含着阴阳哲学思想。铁水代表至阳之物，高温炽热；而击打铁水使其四散飞溅，在空中形成绚丽的花雨，恰似阴柔之美。这一刚一柔、一阳一阴的变化，完美契合了中国古代哲学中阴阳调和、相生相克的理念，展现了古人对宇宙万物运行规律的深刻理解。
地位与价值
国家级非遗的核心地位
2008 年，确山铁花被列入第二批国家级非物质文化遗产名录，这标志着打铁花从民间自发的民俗活动，正式上升为国家层面认可保护的文化瑰宝。作为非遗项目的代表，确山铁花在非遗保护体系中具有示范作用，其传承模式、保护经验为其他非遗项目提供了借鉴(孙，2022，p.166)，推动了我国非遗保护工作的整体发展。
民俗文化的重要组成
在中国丰富的民俗文化宝库中，打铁花占据着独特而重要的地位。它融合了民间信仰、祭祀仪式、手工技艺等多种文化元素，是民俗文化的集大成者。与春节、元宵节等传统节日紧密结合，打铁花为节日增添了浓厚的喜庆氛围，成为民俗文化传承与发展的重要载体，传承着中华民族的文化基因 。
文化交流的桥梁
打铁花作为极具中国特色的文化符号，在国内文化交流中扮演着重要角色。各地的打铁花表演活动，吸引着不同地域、不同民族的人们前来观赏，促进了地域间的文化互动与融合。同时，在对外文化交流中，打铁花也成为展示中国传统文化魅力的重要窗口(高，2025，p.20)，增进了国际社会对中国文化的了解与认知 。
总结
打铁花作为中国古代匠师在铸造器皿过程中孕育的民俗表演技艺，历经千年传承，从春秋战国时期五门工匠祭祀老君与火神的仪式，经宋元传播、明清鼎盛，至现代成为国家级非物质文化遗产，其表演通过搭棚、设彩、打花的仪式化流程，将 1600℃铁水击散为 “星雨”，融合鼓乐、龙灯形成火树银花的视觉奇观。这一技艺不仅是冶铁文化与道教文化的载体，更在不同时期承载着商业祈福、民间祭祀、文化认同的多重内涵，古代借 “花”“发” 谐音象征事业兴旺，现代则通过文旅融合、国际展演成为凝聚民族精神、传播中国文化的符号。尽管面临传承人老龄化、传统工艺与现代环保冲突等挑战，但其通过科技赋能、教育传承等创新实践持续焕发活力，展现了中华传统文化在守正创新中延续千年的韧性(孙，2025，第5段)，未来更有望以独特的技艺价值与文化内涵，成为世界认知中华文明的重要窗口。
术语
打铁花：Striking Iron Fireworks
冶铁文化：Smelting Culture
道教文化：Taoist Culture
花棚：Flower Shed
设彩：Color Decoration
国家级非物质文化遗产：National Intangible Cultural Heritage
问题
1.打铁花什么时期是鼎盛期？
2.打铁花最初的用途是什么？
3.打铁花的表演分为几个步骤？
4.打铁花起源于哪个朝代？
5.打铁花被列入国家级非遗的时间？
6.表演打铁花时，铁水需要加热到多少度？
7.打铁花的商业寓意是什么？
答案
1.打铁花的鼎盛期是明清时期。
2.打铁花最初用于祭祀活动。
3.打铁花的表演分为三个步骤：搭花棚仪式、设彩和打铁花环节。
4.打铁花起源于北宋时期。
5.2008年，打铁花被列入国家非物质文化遗产名录。
6.在表演过程中，铁水通常会被加热到1600摄氏度以上。
7.考虑到中文中 “花” 与 “发” 的谐音，人们认为在商业活动中举办此类活动能带来好运和财富，这反映了古代工匠和商人对美好生活的追求。
参考文献
[1]非物质文化遗产欣赏——打铁花[J].文化产业,2018,(03):81 [18]
[2]高明月.晋城非遗打铁花技艺的视觉形态构建研究[J].大观(论坛),2025,(03):18-20.[19]
[3]孙浩鑫.非物质文化遗产外宣策略研究——以旅顺打铁花为例[J].作家天地,2022,(35):165-167.[20]
[4]孙越.千度铁水幻化成满天星光[N].科技日报,2025-02-25(003).DOI:10.28502/n.cnki.nkjrb.2025.001155.[21]
[5]张凤.河南省确山“打铁花”民俗文化研究[D].青海师范大学,2018.[22]
人工智能声明
在写这篇论文之前，我定好了论文的框架: 打铁花简介、打铁花发展历史和打铁花三个步骤。为了使期末论文更加完美，我借助AI: 豆包和Deepseek。
我向聊天机器人豆包下达指令: ”我想写一篇关于中国语言文化的论文，主题是打铁花，请给我介绍一下打铁花的发展历史”。结果我发现生成的历史有些笼统。我补充指令:“请提供确山打铁花的发展历史”，之后我了解到了具体的发展史，将其分为起源、鼎盛与近代变迁。
我向聊天机器人豆包下达指令: “请帮我补充打铁花步骤的细节”，豆包将我编辑的打铁花步骤变得更加专业、完善。
我向聊天机器人Deepseek下达指令:“请帮我检查论文框架是否完美”。我得知我的论文框架还不够完整。我补充指令: “请告诉我需要补充什么内容才能让框架更完整”。后经提示，我添加了对打铁花寓意与意义的介绍，使论文结构更完整。
我向聊天机器人Deepseek下达指令: “请将输入的中文内容翻译为英文”。借助AI我顺利地将一部分复杂的中文翻译为英文。接着我输入所有英文内容，并下达指令:“请按照英语语言习惯帮我审核一下有哪些地方需要修改”，重新完善了英文翻译。在此之前，我已经自己检查修改过英文版本，使翻译更正确、忠实。
在撰写本论文的过程中，从选题、构架到最终成稿，都是基于我独立思考。在写作前期，我独立构思了论文框架以及整体内容，完成了论文第一稿；在写作后期，我借助AI帮我进行框架补充以及语言完善，完成了论文终稿。AI主要功能是补充细节以及精简语言，使我的论文结构更加完整、语言更加专业。因此，AI只是助手，并未参与论文的核心创作。