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Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a personality assessment tool developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and her mother, Katharine Cook Briggs, based on the psychological type theory proposed by Swiss psychologist Carl Jung.

This personality theory posits that human psychology can be described through four dimensions: based on the direction of an individual's energy flow, it is divided into extraversion (E) and introversion (I) preferences; based on the way an individual perceives information, it is divided into sensing (S) and intuition (N) preferences; based on the way an individual makes decisions about processing information, it is divided into thinking (T) and feeling (F) preferences; and based on the way an individual interacts with the surrounding world, it is divided into judging (J) and perceiving (P) preferences.

Extraversion (E) vs. Introversion (I)

Extroverts primarily direct their interest and attention to external objects, focusing more on the people and events in the external world. Such individuals are usually outgoing, lively, approachable, and sociable. Extroverts tend to draw energy from the external world and interpersonal interactions. Introverts, on the other hand, direct their interest and attention to their inner world, focusing more on abstract concepts and ideas. Their conscious activities are influenced by subjective factors, usually manifesting as shyness, introversion, isolation, and defensiveness. Introverts typically enjoy solitude and draw energy from their inner world.

Sensing (S) vs. Intuition (N)

Sensing individuals prefer to acquire information and perceive the world through their five senses, tending to focus on reality and concrete details. Such individuals excel at observing and grasping large amounts of factual information and precise data, emphasizing practicality and the present moment. Intuitive individuals focus more on their intuition, adept at grasping the meaning, connections, and underlying possibilities of things. They tend to focus on abstract concepts, future trends, and relationships between things, excelling at extracting patterns and predicting trends from fragmented information, and emphasizing imagination and theory.

Thinking (T) vs. Feeling (F)

Thinkers tend to make decisions based on logic and objective analysis. They focus more on right and wrong, truth and falsehood, and effectiveness. Thinkers are analytical and value objectivity and rationality. Feelers tend to make decisions based on personal emotions and subjective factors. They focus more on the good and evil, beauty and ugliness, and whether something harms or benefits others. Feelers are sociable and value interpersonal relationships and the feelings of others.

Judging (J) vs. Perceiving (P)

Judgers believe life should be shaped and altered according to their own will, and tend to interact with the external world in a planned and organized manner. Such individuals like to arrange things orderly and prefer a predictable and controllable life. Judgers are skilled organizers and planners. Moreover, they are decisive. Perceivers believe in experiencing and understanding life as much as possible, and tend to interact with the external world in a flexible and adaptable way. Perceivers enjoy improvisation and prefer a life full of possibilities and experiences. Perceivers value experience, enjoy change, and are highly adaptable.

Each of the four dimensions of MBTI consists of two corresponding trait endpoints. Combining these eight endpoints results in 16 different personality types: INTJ,INTP,ENTJ,ENTP,INFJ,INFP,ENFJ,ENFP,ISTJ,ISFJ,ESTJ,ESFJ,ISTP,ISFP,ESTP,and ESFP.

The MBTI Type of Jia Baoyu

In recent years, MBTI has gained increasing popularity on Chinese social media, becoming a new “social calling card” for young people. As of 2025, related topics on Xiaohongshu (Little Red Book) had accumulated over 3 billion views, while similar topics on Douyin (TikTok) had accumulated over 20 billion views. Discussions such as “Are you an E-person or an I-person?”, "What is your MBTI?", and “ENFP is a happy puppy” have gradually become new social language and icebreakers among young people. Based on this, we will analyze the personality traits of Jia Baoyu, a central character in Dream of the Red Chamber, using this currently most popular personality assessment tool and its four-dimensional typological standards.

From the perspective of the direction of an individual’s energy flow, Jia Baoyu leans towards being an introvert. Although he lives in “a world of flower and willow, a paradise of elegance and luxury”, and enjoys playing and frolicking with the sisters and maids of the Grand View Garden, his spiritual energy does not stem from lively external social occasions such as official engagements or family banquets. Instead, it is rooted in his rich and sensitive inner world. Jia Baoyu is born with a solitary quality; his energy comes more from contemplation and reflection in solitude, and from deep emotional exchanges with close friends and family in one-on-one or small-group settings. Those elaborate social activities only tire him out; the small world within the Grand View Garden is his spiritual home where he finds solace.

From the perspective of the way an individual perceives information, Jia Baoyu leans towards intuition. Compared to the concrete practical benefits of feudal society, such as the imperial examinations and official careers, Jia Baoyu pursues the abstract value of “emotion”, focusing on abstract emotional and spiritual connections. Furthermore, Jia Baoyu yearns for free love, pursues individual liberation, and desires true freedom in both emotion and spirit. For Jia Baoyu, his mission is not to revitalize his family, but to explore the meaning and value of life with a pure heart, seeking his own spiritual home within the shackles of feudal ethics.

From the perspective of the way an individual makes decisions about processing information, Jia Baoyu leans towards being a feeler. He possesses compassion and empathy, offering care and warmth to others. His empathy is not condescending pity, but rather a heartfelt understanding. He weeps for the tragic fates of maids like Qingwen and Jin Chuan; he breaks his jade and cries because Lin Daiyu lacks it, and sheds tears for the numerous misunderstandings between them. These actions reveal his sensitive, sentimental, and loyal character. At the same time, Jia Baoyu practices care and respect for others through concrete actions, such as helping Pinger with her makeup, assisting Xiangling with her skirt, and warming Qingwen’s hands. These behaviors reflect Baoyu’s respect and consideration for them, as well as his thoughtful and caring nature.

In terms of the way an individual interacts with the surrounding world, Jia Baoyu leans towards being a perceiver. He lacks a clear life plan and maintains a carefree and unrestrained lifestyle. He is a wealthy idler who is “busy with nothing to do”. When he wants to read poetry, he invites his sisters to appreciate it; when he wants to stroll in the garden, he takes his servant with him. He is perfunctory and frequently skips school, neglecting the academic tasks assigned to him by Jia Zheng. Once freed from Jia Zheng’s control, he is “like a monkey once its chain is unfastened”.

Therefore, it can be seen that Jia Baoyu’s personality type is more consistent with INFP. It should be noted that Jia Baoyu’s MBTI personality type analysis is based on the interpretation of the literary character and his behavior. Different readers, due to differences in their understanding of the character, may arrive at different conclusions such as ENFP or INFJ. This divergence verifies the saying “"Every man is a Jia Baoyu.”, meaning that each of us can see a reflection of ourselves in him, which precisely confirms the complexity and multifaceted nature of literary characters.

As a popular personality type assessment tool, MBTI helps people enhance self-awareness, promote self-reflection, and contemplate or improve their ways of viewing things. It also helps people understand individual differences, recognizing that each individual perceives the world differently, thus fostering better understanding, finding common ground while respecting differences, and achieving interpersonal harmony. MBTI has significant theoretical and practical value and has been widely applied in fields such as career assessment, education, and family counseling. However, it’s crucial to understand that while it can help us better understand ourselves, improve self-awareness, and enhance social efficiency, we must not allow it to become a constraint, weakening our understanding of personality diversity or limiting our agency to change, improve, and progress.

We should use MBTI as a starting point to understand ourselves and others, not as a complete definition of personality. We should respect the uniqueness of each person, understand ourselves and others in a comprehensive and objective way, and build communication on a deeper level of understanding and respect.

Terms and Expressions

1.迈尔斯布里格斯类型指标: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator 2.心理类型理论: psychological type theory 3.外倾：Extraversion 4.内倾：Introversion 5.感觉：Sensing 6.直觉Intuition 7.思考：Thinking 8.情感：Feeling 9.判断：Judging 10.知觉：Perceiving 11.花柳繁华地，温柔富贵乡：a world of flower and willow, a paradise of elegance and luxury 12.官场应酬：official engagements 13.家族宴席：family banquets 14.大观园：the Grand View Garden 15.科举：the imperial examinations 16.仕途：official careers 17.如同开了锁的猴子一般：like a monkey once its chain is unfastened 18.人人都是贾宝玉：Every man is a Jia Baoyu

Questions and Answers

1.What are the four core dimensions of MBTI? the direction of an individual's energy flow;the way an individual perceives information;the way an individual makes decisions about processing information;the way an individual interacts with the surrounding world. 2.How can we identify our own personality preferences? We can use these four dimensions to determine whether we are Extroverts or extroverted or introverts,sensing or intuitive individuals,thinkers or feelers,judgers or perceivers. 3.What are the differences between extroverts and introverts? Extroverts primarily direct their interest and attention to external objects, focusing more on the people and events in the external world. Introverts direct their interest and attention to their inner world, focusing more on abstract concepts and ideas. While extroverts are usually outgoing, lively, approachable, and sociable, introverts usually manifest as shyness, introversion, isolation, and defensiveness. Extroverts tend to draw energy from the external world and interpersonal interactions. Introverts typically enjoy solitude and draw energy from their inner world.

References

[1]Myers,I.B.,& Myers,P.B. (1980). Gifts differing: Understanding personality type. Consulting Psychologists Press. [2]冯凯梁. 论贾宝玉MBTI的性格矛盾[J].新楚文化,2025,(29):21-24.DOI:10.20133/j.cnki.CN42-1932/G1.2025.29.006. [3]王独仙. MBTI符号社交与青年价值观:影响机理、现实隐忧与纾解策略[J].重庆三峡学院学报,2025,41(06):13-24.DOI:10.13743/j.cnki.issn.1009-8135.20251105.001. [4]陈新民,曹畅. 身份建构还是身份危机？MBTI的流行与青年的自我认同[J].当代青年研究,2024,(06):27-39. [5]伊莎贝尔·布里格斯·迈尔斯,彼得·B. 迈尔斯.天生不同：人格类型识别和潜能开发[M]. 闫冠男， 译. 北京：人民邮电出版社，2016.

迈尔斯布里格斯类型指标

 迈尔斯布里格斯类型指标（Myers-Briggs Type Indicator，简称为MBTI），是一种人格类型评估工具，由伊莎贝尔·布里格斯·迈尔斯（Isabel Briggs Myers）和她的母亲凯瑟琳·库克·布里格斯（Katharine Cook Briggs）基于瑞士心理学家荣格提出的心理类型理论编制而成。
 该人格理论认为，人的心理可以通过四个维度来描述：根据个体能量的流动方向分为外倾（Extraversion, E）与内倾（Introversion, I）偏好；根据个体获取信息的感知方式分为感觉（Sensing, S）与直觉（Intuition, N）偏好；根据个体处理信息的决策方式分为思考（Thinking, T）与情感（Feeling, F）偏好；根据个体与周围世界的接触方式分为判断（Judging, J）与知觉（Perceiving, P）偏好。 
 （1）外倾-内倾：
 外倾者将兴趣和注意力主要指向外界客观事物，更关注外部世界的人和事。这类人格往往开放活泼、亲切随和、善于社交。外倾者倾向于从外部世界和人际互动中获取能量.内倾者的兴趣和注意力主要指向内心世界，更关注内部世界的抽象概念和想法。其意识活动容易受个人主观因素影响，表现出害羞、内敛、孤僻、有戒备。这类人格通常喜欢独处，从内心世界中获取能量。
 （2）感觉-直觉：
 感觉者更喜欢通过五官感受来获取信息和感知世界，倾向于关注现实和具体的细节。这类人格善于观察并把握大量的事实信息和精确的数据，注重实际和当下。直觉者更关注自己的直觉，善于把握事物的意义、联系和潜在可能，这类人格倾向于关注抽象概念、未来趋势、事物间的关联，擅长从碎片化信息中提炼规律、预见趋势，注重想象和理论。
 （3）思维-情感 
 思维者倾向于根据事物的逻辑性和客观分析做决策。这类人格更关注事情的对错、真假、有效与否。思维者善于分析，注重客观和理性。情感者倾向于根据个人的情感和主观因素做决策。这类人格更关注事情的善恶、美丑、是否伤害或滋养他人。情感者善于社交，注重人际关系和他人感受。
 （4）判断-感知 
 判断者认为应该按照自己的意愿去选择和改变生活，倾向于以有计划、有条理的方式与外部世界互动。这类人格喜欢将事情安排得井井有条，希望生活是可预测和可控的。判断者善于组织、计划，决断性强。感知者认为应该尽可能地去体验和理解生活，倾向于以灵活变通、适应性强的方式与外部世界互动。感知者喜欢随机应变，希望生活充满可能性和体验。感知者注重体验感，乐于变化、适应性强。
 MBTI的四个维度均由两个相互对应的特质端点构成，将它们进行组合，可以构成16种不同的人格类型：INTJ（建筑师型）、INTP（逻辑学家型）、ENTJ（指挥官型）、ENTP（辩论家型）、INFJ（提倡者型）、INFP（调停者型）、ENFJ（主人公型）、ENFP（竞选者型）、ISTJ（物流师型）、ISFJ（守卫者型）、ESTJ（总经理型）、ESFJ（执政官型）、ISTP（鉴赏家型）、ISFP（探险家型）、ESTP（企业家型）、ESFP（表演者型）。

贾宝玉的类型指标

 近年来，MBTI在我国社交媒体中的热度不断攀升，受到广大青年的喜爱与追捧，成为该群体的新型“社交名片”。截至2025年，小红书平台“MBTI”相关话题累计浏览量已突破30亿，抖音平台同类话题累计播放量已超过200亿。 “你是e人还是i人？”“你的MBTI是什么？”“ENFP是快乐小狗”等讨论，逐渐成为青年群体新的社交语言和破冰神奇。基于此，我们就以这个当前最为流行的人格测评工具，结合其四个维度的类型标准，对《红楼梦》核心人物贾宝玉的性格特质展开分析。
 从个体能量的流动方向来看，贾宝玉偏向于是一个内倾者。虽然贾宝玉身处“花柳繁华地，温柔富贵乡”，也喜欢与大观园的姐妹丫鬟嬉戏打闹，但他的精神能量并非来源于官场应酬、家族宴席这类热闹的外部社交场合，而是根植于自身丰富而敏感的内心世界。贾宝玉天生带着一种孤独的特质，其能量源泉更多是独处时的沉思与感怀，以及与亲近的人一对一或小范围的深度情感交流。那些繁文缛节的社交活动只会让他感到疲惫，大观园里的一方小天地，才是他安放内心的精神家园。
 从个体获取信息的感知方式来看，贾宝玉偏向于是一个直觉者。相较于科举、仕途等封建社会具体的现实功利，贾宝玉更追求“情”这一抽象价值，聚焦于抽象的情感与精神联结。此外，贾宝玉向往自由恋爱，追求个性解放，渴望在情感与精神上获得真正的自由。对贾宝玉来说，他的使命并非在于振兴家族，而是以一颗赤子之心，探索人生的意义与价值，在封建礼教的桎梏中寻找属于自我的精神归宿。
 从个体处理信息的决策方式来看，贾宝玉偏向于是一个情感者。贾宝玉拥有慈悲同情心，给予他人关怀温暖。他的同情并非居高临下的怜悯，而是发自内心的感同身受。他为晴雯、金钏儿等丫头的苦命遭遇而悲泣；他因林黛玉没有玉而摔玉痛哭，为两人之间的多次误解而落泪。这些都展现出了他敏感多情、重情重义的性格。与此同时，贾宝玉以实际行动践行着对他人的关怀与尊重，如替平儿理妆、帮香菱解裙、为晴雯捂手。这些行为都体现了宝玉对她们的尊重与体贴，以及为他人考虑、关心他人的性格。
 从个体与周围世界的接触方式来看，贾宝玉偏向于是一个感知者。贾宝玉没有明确的人生规划，始终保持着随性自由的生活状态。他是“无事忙 ”的富贵闲人，他想读诗便邀姐妹共赏，想游园便携小厮同行，对贾政为他安排的学业任务则百般敷衍、屡屡逃学。一旦脱离贾政的管束，他便“如同开了锁的猴子一般”。
 因此可以看出，贾宝玉的人格类型更符合INFP（调停者）。需要指出的是，贾宝玉的MBTI人物类型是基于文学形象及其行为的解读而展开分析的，不同的读者因对角色的理解差异，可能会得出贾宝玉是 ENFP、INFJ 等不同结论，这种分歧验证了“人人都是贾宝玉”的说法，我们每个人都能在他的身上读到自己的影子，也恰恰印证了文学人物性格的复杂性与多面性。
 作为目前十分流行的人格测量工具，MBTI有助于人们增进自我认知、推动自我反省，并思考或改进自己看待事物的方式。同时，也有利于人们理解个体之间的差异，明白每个个体认识世界的方式并不完全相同，从而更好地理解对方，求同存异，实现人际和谐。MBTI 具有一定的理论传播价值与实践应用效能，已理被广泛地应用于职业测评、学习教育与家庭咨询等相关领域。但需明确的是， 它可以帮助我们更好地了解自己，提高自我认知、提高社交效率，但我们不能让其成为禁锢我们的“枷锁”，不能让其削弱我们对人格多元化的认知以及限制我们改变、提升、进步的主体意识。
 我们应将MBTI作为一种启发，明白它只是了解自我和他人的起点，而非人格的全部定义。我们应该尊重每个人的独特性，以全面、客观的方式认识自己和他人，将交流建立在更深层次的理解和尊重之上。

问题和答案

1.MBTI的四个核心维度是什么？ 个体能量的流动方向；个体获取信息的感知方式；个体处理信息的决策方式；个体与周围世界的接触方式。 2.我们如何判断自己的迈尔斯布里格斯类型指标？ 我们可以根据四个维度的标准，判断自己是外倾者还是内倾者，感觉者还是直觉者，思考者还是情感者，判断者还是知觉者。 3.外倾者和内倾者有什么区别？ 外倾者主要将兴趣和注意力集中在外部事物上，更关注外部世界的人和事。内倾者则将兴趣和注意力集中在内心世界，更关注抽象概念和想法。外倾者通常外向、活泼、平易近人且善于交际，而内倾者则通常表现为害羞、内向、孤僻和有戒备。外倾者倾向于从外部世界和人际交往中汲取能量，而内倾者者则通常享受独处，并从内心世界获得能量。

参考文献

[1]Myers,I.B.,& Myers,P.B.(1980). Gifts differing: Understanding personality type. Consulting Psychologists Press. [2]冯凯梁. 论贾宝玉MBTI的性格矛盾[J].新楚文化,2025,(29):21-24.DOI:10.20133/j.cnki.CN42-1932/G1.2025.29.006. [3]王独仙. MBTI符号社交与青年价值观:影响机理、现实隐忧与纾解策略[J].重庆三峡学院学报,2025,41(06):13-24.DOI:10.13743/j.cnki.issn.1009-8135.20251105.001. [4]陈新民,曹畅. 身份建构还是身份危机？MBTI的流行与青年的自我认同[J].当代青年研究,2024,(06):27-39. [5]伊莎贝尔·布里格斯·迈尔斯,彼得·B.迈尔斯.天生不同：人格类型识别和潜能开发[M]. 闫冠男，译. 北京：人民邮电出版社，2016.