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==Final Exam Paper==
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__NOTOC__
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===Camellia Oil===
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This platform is for scholars, instructors and students to jointly write and publish books as well as to provide and use course material.
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====Introduction====
 
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Camellia oil, also known as camellia seed oil, is extracted from the seeds of Camellia oleifera Abel, a plant belonging to the Theaceae family, through solvent extraction or pressing. It is pale yellow, clear and transparent with a delicate fragrance. Camellia oleifera, commonly referred to as mountain camellia, wild tea, or white-flowered tea, is a traditional edible woody oilseed tree native to China, boasting a cultivation history of over 2,000 years. It is widely grown in more than 800 counties across 18 provinces, primarily in the Yangtze River Basin and southern provinces such as Sichuan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, and Yunnan, with Hunan having the largest cultivation area.
 
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Camellia oil, along with olive oil, palm oil, and coconut oil, is known as one of the world's four major woody edible oils. Compared to oilseeds of herbaceous edible oils, woody oil plants grow in mountainous and hilly areas without the need for fertilization or pesticide application. Camellia oleifera has a long growth cycle: it blooms in autumn with a flowering period of 2 to 3 months, and the time from flowering to fruit ripening is one year, which is commonly known as "bearing fruit while carrying the next generation" among the people. Therefore, woody oils are superior to herbaceous oils. The oil extracted from its seeds is a genuine green edible vegetable oil, free from harmful substances such as aflatoxin B1 (a strong carcinogen), erucic acid, and gossypol, making it a premium edible oil.
 
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Research and analysis have shown that the fatty acid composition of camellia oil is particularly similar to that of olive oil, the preferred edible oil in European and American developed countries. The content of oleic acid and linoleic acid exceeds 80%. It is not only an edible oil with excellent color, aroma, and taste but also has the effect of preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, and atherosclerosis. Currently, camellia oil has been gradually applied in China's food, chemical, pharmaceutical, and other industries, with broad market potential.
 
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====Camellia Oil Industry====
 
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From the perspective of the overall changes in the concentration ratio of China's camellia seed output among the top five provinces, in 2007, the top five provinces in terms of camellia seed output as a proportion of the national total were Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Fujian, and Zhejiang, accounting for 85.54%. In 2021, the top five provinces were Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Hubei, and Guangdong, accounting for 83.82%. From 2007 to 2021, the proportion of camellia seed output of the top five provinces in the national total remained above 80%, indicating that the camellia industry has extremely obvious industrial agglomeration characteristics. At the same time, the proportion of camellia seed output showed a fluctuating downward trend, decreasing by 2.22% in 2021 compared with 2007. This indicates that regions suitable for camellia cultivation across the country are vigorously promoting camellia planting, the camellia planting area is continuously expanding, and the camellia planting pattern is constantly optimizing. The proportion of Fujian, Zhejiang, and other regions in the southeast has gradually decreased, and in 2021, it evolved into a pattern with Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi in the central region and Guangxi, Guangdong in the southern region as the main producing areas. Among them, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Guangxi have always ranked among the top three in terms of proportion, making them veritable major camellia oil industry provinces.
 
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====Efficacy of Camellia Oil====
 
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Records of extracting oil from camellia seeds for edible use in China date back more than 2,000 years. "Shan Hai Jing" (Classic of Mountains and Seas) states: "Yuan Mu (round wood) is an edible oil plant in the south." "Yuan Mu" refers to camellia oleifera. Song Yingxing in "Tian Gong Kai Wu" (Exploitation of the Works of Nature) praised it for its "excellent taste." Many ancient medical books have also recorded the medicinal functions of camellia oil. Li Shizhen's "Ben Cao Gang Mu" (Compendium of Materia Medica) notes: "Camellia seeds are bitter, cold, fragrant, and slightly toxic; they mainly treat asthma and cough, and remove phlegm and dirt." "Nong Zheng Quan Shu" (Complete Works of Agriculture) records that camellia oil can cure hemorrhoids and relieve damp-heat. "Ben Cao Gang Mu Shi Yi" (Supplements to Compendium of Materia Medica) states: "Camellia oil can moisten the intestines, clear the stomach, detoxify, and kill bacteria." "Nong Xi Ju Yin Shi Pu" (Dietary Guidelines for Farmers' Rest) mentions: "Camellia oil moistens dryness, clears heat, calms wind, and benefits the head and eyes." "Sui Xi Ju Yin Shi Pu" (Dietary Guidelines for Daily Living) highly praises camellia oil: "Camellia oil is suitable for cooking all kinds of dishes in daily use. Eating it steamed makes the hair shiny and smooth. Among all oils, it is the lightest and clearest, so it is not prohibited for any diseases." Obviously, our ancestors have long regarded camellia oil as a premium product for prolonging life, maintaining beauty, and enhancing appearance.
 
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In China, the saying "Food tonic is better than medicinal tonic" is deeply rooted in people's hearts. Residents in camellia oil-producing areas attach great importance to exerting the nutritional and health-care effects of camellia oil in their traditional eating habits, thus summarizing three major advantages: Pregnant women consuming camellia oil during pregnancy can not only increase breast milk but also be very beneficial to the normal development of the fetus; infants and children consuming camellia oil can promote qi circulation, relieve constipation, clear internal heat, and aid digestion, which is very helpful for promoting the growth and development of bones and other parts; the elderly consuming camellia oil can reduce internal heat, maintain beauty, improve eyesight, blacken hair, delay aging, and live a long and healthy life. Therefore, residents in camellia oil-producing areas have given camellia oil an elegant name—"longevity oil" or "confinement oil." In camellia oil-producing areas, newborn babies are rubbed all over with camellia oil to prevent eczema. The elderly also often apply camellia oil to their bodies after bathing to prevent skin itching in winter. Camellia oil is also the best beauty product for women; when used for hair care, it can prevent hair breakage and hair loss.
 
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====International Recognition of Camellia Oil's Efficacy====
 
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Many years ago, the German biweekly magazine "Frauen" published an article titled "The Secret of Tea Tree Oil," stating that Australians use camellia oil to prevent colds, bronchitis, sore throats, muscle aches, sprains, boils and herpes caused by insect bites, foot fungal infections, sunburn, scratches, abrasions, and gingivitis. It can also enhance the body's immune function, and camellia oil was hailed as a "panacea." Camellia oil has similar functions to olive oil, and its composition is even superior to that of olive oil. Dr. Simopoulos, Chairman of the Advisory Committee of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, praised it as "the best edible vegetable oil in the world." These fully prove that camellia oil is a high-grade edible oil completely comparable to olive oil, and a veritable "Oriental Olive Oil."
 
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====Application Prospects of Camellia Oil====
 
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Camellia oil is extremely beneficial to human health. In recent years, with the decreasing resources of similar products (olive oil), countries such as Japan, Australia, and New Zealand have begun to attach importance to the development and application of camellia oil, and its market price has been rising. In China's Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan regions and Southeast Asian countries, refined camellia oil has become a sought-after product and daily necessity for the elderly; in the U.S. market, there has also been an upsurge in the use of high-oleic acid vegetable oils such as camellia oil. With the continuous improvement of living standards, people's pursuit of food nutrition and health will also continue to increase. As a high-grade vegetable oil rich in essential fatty acids and various vitamins for the human body, camellia oil can change the nutritional imbalance caused by a single oil, fully balance human nutrition, and is conducive to physical health. It conforms to the contemporary trend of oil consumption and has broad prospects.
 
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===References===
 
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[1] Wang Jiangrong, Liu Rong, Zhang Lingfu, Deng Zhijian, Huang Li. On the Nutritional Value and Health Care Functions of Camellia Oil[J]. Jiangsu Condiment and Non-staple Food, 2009.
 
  
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[2] Liu Bo, Li Dan. Health Care Functions and Application Status of Camellia Oil[J]. Tea Bulletin, 2008.
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=== [[Books|Collaborative Book Projects]] ===
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5 multilingual book projects with 400+ wiki pages in up to 7 languages. Explore our academic publications.
  
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[3] Zhang Zhaoxu, Li Zhi, Zhang Lichun. Research on the Geographical Agglomeration Characteristics and Influencing Factors of China's Camellia Industry[J]. Grain and Oil Food Science and Technology, 2025.
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'''[[Books|Browse Books →]]'''
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Contribute your expertise to our scholarly book projects. Help expand chapters, add references, and improve content.
  
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Camellia Seed（油茶籽）
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=== Become a Co-Translator ===
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Help translate academic works into your language. We need translators for EN, DE, ZH, FR, ES, RU and more.
  
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Camellia Oil（茶籽油）
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'''[https://bou.de/u/index.php?title=Special:RequestAccount Register as Co-Translator →]'''
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|}
  
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Edible Oil（食用油）
 
  
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Olive Oil（橄榄油）
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=== [https://china-studies.com/wacs/2026.php WACS 10 — 10th World Conference of Chinese Studies] ===
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'''12–14 August 2026, The University of Hong Kong'''
  
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Fatty Acid（脂肪酸）
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Over 300 scholars from around the world have already registered with a presentation topic for the 10th World Conference of Chinese Studies (第十屆世界漢學論壇). [https://china-studies.com/wacs/2026.php More information and registration →]
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If you want to participate with the right to edit in the platform, please read the [http://bou.de/u/wiki/Copyright Copyright Disclaimer, Legal Notice and Data Rights Information] first. Afterwards, if you agree to the Terms and Conditions, please [[uvu:Community_Portal#How_to_register_for_this_Wiki|register]] on this platform (German manual [[uvu:Community_Portal#German_Manual:_Wie_Sie_sich_auf_diesem_Wiki_registrieren|here]]). Here you can learn [https://bou.de/u/wiki/uvu:Community_Portal how to use this Wiki.] General information for students on [[uvu:Community_Portal#How_to_write_a_scholarly_paper|How to write a scholarly paper]]/thesis.
  
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Cardiovascular Disease（心血管疾病）
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<div style="border-top: 2px solid #ccc; margin-top: 20px; padding-top: 10px;">
  
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===Questions===
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==Courses==
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===Summer Semester 2026===
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1. What are the world's four major woody edible oils?
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*THU 16:30-18:10 409 中国文化概要 [[Overview on Chinese Culture Spring 2026]] (09230030.01)(1-16,腾龙楼409教室) BA24级
 +
*WED+THU 翻译理论与实践 [[Translation Theory and Practice Spring 2026]] (09231022.01)(1-16,腾龙楼 WED 604, THU 403) BA22级德语
  
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2. How long does it take for camellia oleifera to ripen from flowering to fruiting?
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===Fall Semester 2025===
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*(Please participate in the current <span style="color:red">'''surveys:'''</span> Learning for learners who use less AI https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/0ORq8JB, Student Life 2024 https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/CTrdOjm, EU https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/9gdWrQT, Learning for learners who use more AI https://wn8ae3qwafbc11zv.mikecrm.com/IG0IkOp)
 +
*1 THU 8-8:45, 8:55-9:40 406 [[Uebungen Deutsch für Anfaenger - 2025]] 基础德语练习(09231023.01) (双2-16,腾龙楼406教室) 24级
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*3 THU 19:00-19:45; 19:55-20:40; 20:50-21:35 [[Chinese Language and Culture - 2025]] 中国语言文化-25级MITA专硕, 3-16周[连续]，晚上1-3节, 腾龙楼613教室 (学委：找研办邓老师调课)
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*2 FRI 8-8:45, 8:55-9:40 501 [[Deutsch Multimedial 2 - 2025]] 德语视听说（二）(09231031.01)(1-16,腾龙楼501) 23级
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*1 (starting Oct 27) FRI 10-10:45, 10:55-11:40 406 [[Muendliches Deutsch 1 - 2025]] 德语口语（一）(09231017.01) (9-16,腾龙楼406教室) 24级
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*2 MOOC GXR09016.01 中外比较文学研究专题（智慧树网络课程）Special Topics in the Study of Chinese and Foreign Comparative Literature (Online courses)
  
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3. Which three provinces are major camellia oil industry provinces?
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<div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:1px solid #aaa; padding:5px; margin:5px 0;">
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<div style="font-weight:bold;">Previous Semesters (click to expand)</div>
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<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
  
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4. Which oil is known as the "Oriental Olive Oil"?
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====Spring Semester 2025====
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*1 FRI 10-10:45, 10:55-11:40 403 BA22德语语言学导论 [[Einführung in die deutsche Linguistik, Frühl. 2025]] (09231008.01)(5-8,腾龙楼403教室)) Xie Wenxia 23级
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*1 FRI 10-10:45, 10:55-11:40  BA22德语语法 [[Deutsche Grammatik, Frühl. 2025]] (09231005.01)(1-4,至善楼204教室) Xie Wenxia 23级
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*2 MOOC GXR09016.01 中外比较文学研究专题（智慧树网络课程）Special Topics in the Study of Chinese and Foreign Comparative Literature (Online courses)
  
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===Answers===
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====Summer Semester 2025====
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*THU 8-8:45, 8:55-9:40 BA22翻译理论与实践 [[Theorie und Praxis der Übersetzung, Frühl. 2025]] (09231022.01)(1-16,至善楼204教室) 22级 Wang Zhuochen, 学委 Mia Xu Xuanlin, 教务办 Xiong Zhi
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1. Camellia oil, olive oil, palm oil, and coconut oil.
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*THU 16:30-18:10 601 [Weeks 1-8: WED 8-8:45, 8:55-9:40 407] 中国文化概要 [[Overview of Chinese Culture, Spring 2025]] (09230030.01)(1-16,腾龙楼407教室) BA23级 Zhong Weiping （1st major foreign literature, 2nd English language)
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*FRI 12:45-14:15 中国语言文化 [[Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025]]（400010009）MTI24级专硕1-16周[连续]，腾龙楼613教室 Zhang Jiaxin 张嘉欣
 +
*2 MOOC GXR09016.01 中外比较文学研究专题（智慧树网络课程）Special Topics in the Study of Chinese and Foreign Comparative Literature (Online courses)
  
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2. One year.
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====Fall Semester 2024====
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*WED 10-10:45, 10:55-11:40 403 BA22德语语言学导论 [[Einführung in die deutsche Linguistik, Frühl. 2025]] (09231008.01)(5-8,腾龙楼403教室)) Xie Wenxia 23级
 +
*THU 10-10:45, 10:55-11:40  BA22德语语法 [[Deutsche Grammatik, Frühl. 2025]] (09231005.01)(1-4,至善楼204教室) Xie Wenxia 23级
 +
*THU (10:00-10:45,10:55-11:40) 407 [[Mündliches Deutsch 1]] BA2023(3) (Xie Wenxia) 德语口语（一）| Oral German I, 周1-周8
 +
*THU (19:00-19:45,19:55-20:40,20:50-21:35) 至善楼105 [[Chinese Language and Culture 2024]] MA2 (23级笔译口译) 中国语言文化
 +
*FRI (8:00-8:45,8:55-9:40) 403 [[Übungen Grundkurs Deutsch]] BA2023(3) (Xie Wenxia) 基础德语练习
 +
*FRI (10:00-10:45,10:55-11:40) 506 [[Deutsch Multimedial 2]], BA2022(2) (Wang Zhuochen) 德语视听说（二）
 +
*Online 2 GXR09016.01 [[Topics in Chinese and Foreign Comparative Literature]]中外比较文学研究专题
  
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3. Hunan, Jiangxi, and Guangxi.
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====Summer Semester 2024====
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*THU 9:45-11:15 s. 413 [[Text Comp 2024]] 文章写作, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan
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*THU 11:30-13:00 s. 401 [[Chin Cult 2024]] 中國文化, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan
 +
*FRI 9:45-11:15 s. 424 [[Chin Poetry 2024]] 中國文學-詩歌, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan
 +
*THU 8:00-9:40 [[Trans TP 2024]] 翻译理论与实践 BA3, Hunan Normal University
 +
*FRI 8:00-9:40 [[Cult Ov 1 2024]] 中国文化概要 BA2, Hunan Normal University
 +
*FRI 10:00-11:40 [[Cult Ov 2 2024]] 中国文化概要 BA2, Hunan Normal University
  
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4. Camellia oil.
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====Earlier Semesters====
 +
* [[Chinese Language and Culture - 2025]], [[Uebungen Deutsch für Anfaenger - 2025]], [[Deutsch Multimedial 2 - 2025]], [[Muendliches Deutsch 1 - 2025]]
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* [[Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025]], [[Overview of Chinese Culture, Spring 2025]], [[Theorie und Praxis der Übersetzung, Frühl. 2025]]
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* [[Chinese Language and Culture 2024]], [[Deutsch Multimedial 2]], [[Mündliches Deutsch 1]], [[Übungen Grundkurs Deutsch]]
 +
* [[Chinese Culture 2023]], [[Chinese Classics Translation Spring 2023]], [[Introduction to Chinese Culture Spring 2023]]
 +
* [[Chinese Language and Culture Fall 2022]], [[Translation Theory ZH-DE 2022]], [[Foundations of Chinese Cultures 2022]]
 +
* [[Chinese Classics Translation 2022]], [[Chinese Language and Culture 2022]]
 +
* [[Introduction to Translation Studies 2021]], [[Foundations of Chinese Cultures 2021]]
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* [[Chinese Languages and Cultures]], [[Introduction to Translation Studies]], [[German Phonetics]]
 +
* [[Basics of Chinese Culture]], [[Cross Media Storytelling]], [[Holism as a Concept]]
 +
* Earlier courses at Witten/Herdecke, Beijing Normal, Utah Valley, Roma Tre universities
 +
 
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</div>
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</div>
 +
 
 +
==Institutions and Chinese Studies Conferences==
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*[http://china-studies.com 6th World Conference of Chinese Studies], August 2022 Witten and Berlin
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*[http://china-studies.com 5th World Conference of Chinese Studies], August 2021 Witten and Brussels
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*[[International Chinese Studies Centre]]
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*[http://jmchair.eu Jean Monnet Chair], [[JM|Jean Monnet Work Team]]
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* [https://bit.ly/WACS4 4th World Conference of Chinese Studies], August 15-18, 2020 Witten and London
 +
* [http://china-studies.com/wacs/ 3rd World Conference of Chinese Studies] August 24-25, 2019 Witten/Germany and August 26-27, 2019 Paris/France
 +
* [http://china-studies.com/wacs/ 2nd World Conference of Chinese Studies] August 18-19, 2018 Witten/Germany and August 21-22, 2018 Vienna University/Austria
 +
* [http://china-studies.com/wacs/2017_en.html 1st World Conference of Chinese Studies] August 19-20, 2017 Witten/Germany
 +
 
 +
== Useful things ==
 +
* [[Speech scripts]]
 +
* [[Free online tools to learn Chinese]]
 +
* [[DCG-To-Do|DCG-Todo-Liste]], [[To_Do|Assistenz]]
 +
* [[Book_projects|Übersetzungsprojekte]] = Translation Projects
 +
 
 +
</div>
 +
<span style="color:red">'''.'''</span>

Latest revision as of 09:39, 31 March 2026

This platform is for scholars, instructors and students to jointly write and publish books as well as to provide and use course material.

Collaborative Book Projects

5 multilingual book projects with 400+ wiki pages in up to 7 languages. Explore our academic publications.

Browse Books →

Become a Co-Author

Contribute your expertise to our scholarly book projects. Help expand chapters, add references, and improve content.

Register as Co-Author →

Become a Co-Translator

Help translate academic works into your language. We need translators for EN, DE, ZH, FR, ES, RU and more.

Register as Co-Translator →


WACS 10 — 10th World Conference of Chinese Studies

12–14 August 2026, The University of Hong Kong

Over 300 scholars from around the world have already registered with a presentation topic for the 10th World Conference of Chinese Studies (第十屆世界漢學論壇). More information and registration →

If you want to participate with the right to edit in the platform, please read the Copyright Disclaimer, Legal Notice and Data Rights Information first. Afterwards, if you agree to the Terms and Conditions, please register on this platform (German manual here). Here you can learn how to use this Wiki. General information for students on How to write a scholarly paper/thesis.

Courses

Summer Semester 2026

Fall Semester 2025

Previous Semesters (click to expand)

Spring Semester 2025

  • 1 FRI 10-10:45, 10:55-11:40 403 BA22德语语言学导论 Einführung in die deutsche Linguistik, Frühl. 2025 (09231008.01)(5-8,腾龙楼403教室)) Xie Wenxia 23级
  • 1 FRI 10-10:45, 10:55-11:40 BA22德语语法 Deutsche Grammatik, Frühl. 2025 (09231005.01)(1-4,至善楼204教室) Xie Wenxia 23级
  • 2 MOOC GXR09016.01 中外比较文学研究专题（智慧树网络课程）Special Topics in the Study of Chinese and Foreign Comparative Literature (Online courses)

Summer Semester 2025

  • THU 8-8:45, 8:55-9:40 BA22翻译理论与实践 Theorie und Praxis der Übersetzung, Frühl. 2025 (09231022.01)(1-16,至善楼204教室) 22级 Wang Zhuochen, 学委 Mia Xu Xuanlin, 教务办 Xiong Zhi
  • THU 16:30-18:10 601 [Weeks 1-8: WED 8-8:45, 8:55-9:40 407] 中国文化概要 Overview of Chinese Culture, Spring 2025 (09230030.01)(1-16,腾龙楼407教室) BA23级 Zhong Weiping （1st major foreign literature, 2nd English language)
  • FRI 12:45-14:15 中国语言文化 Chinese Language and Culture, Spring 2025（400010009）MTI24级专硕1-16周[连续]，腾龙楼613教室 Zhang Jiaxin 张嘉欣
  • 2 MOOC GXR09016.01 中外比较文学研究专题（智慧树网络课程）Special Topics in the Study of Chinese and Foreign Comparative Literature (Online courses)

Fall Semester 2024

Summer Semester 2024

  • THU 9:45-11:15 s. 413 Text Comp 2024 文章写作, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan
  • THU 11:30-13:00 s. 401 Chin Cult 2024 中國文化, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan
  • FRI 9:45-11:15 s. 424 Chin Poetry 2024 中國文學-詩歌, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan
  • THU 8:00-9:40 Trans TP 2024 翻译理论与实践 BA3, Hunan Normal University
  • FRI 8:00-9:40 Cult Ov 1 2024 中国文化概要 BA2, Hunan Normal University
  • FRI 10:00-11:40 Cult Ov 2 2024 中国文化概要 BA2, Hunan Normal University

Earlier Semesters

Institutions and Chinese Studies Conferences

Useful things

.

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