Hist Trans EN 5

叶维杰 Medieval Arabic Translation Movement

中世纪阿拉伯翻译运动

Hist_Trans_EN_5

Ye Weijie 叶维杰, Hunan Normal University, China

Abstract

The Medieval Arabic Translation Movement(The Harakah al—Tarjamah) is also called the Translation Movement. It was a large-scale organized academic activity carried out by the Arab Empire in the Middle Ages to translate and introduce ancient Greek and Eastern scientific and cultural classics. The Abbasid Caliphate implemented a diversified and inclusive cultural policy, vigorously advocated and sponsored the translation of academic classics from ancient Greece, Rome, Persia, India and other countries into Arabic to absorb advanced cultural heritage. The Arabic translation movement preserved the natural sciences and humanities in ancient Greek and Roman cultures, and played an extremely important role in promoting the cultural revival of European political and cultural conditions in the late Middle Ages. The Hundred-Year Arab Translation Movement lasted for more than two hundred years, spanning the vast regions of Asia, Africa, and Europe, and blending ancient Eastern and Western cultures such as Persia, India, Greece, Rome, and Arabia. There are not many translation activities in the history of world civilization. Analyzing its causes, processes, results, and impacts is of great academic value for studying the phased development of human civilization and the commonality of human wisdom, and it is also of great help to deeply understand the Arab Islamic philosophy and culture.

Key words

Harakah al—Tarjamah, translation movement, Western culture, Islamic culture，Middle Ages

摘要

中世纪的阿拉伯语翻译运动（The Harakah al-Tarjamah）也叫百年翻译运动。它是中世纪阿拉伯帝国为翻译和介绍古希腊和东方科学文化经典而进行的有组织的大型学术活动。阿拔斯王朝哈里发推行多元包容的文化政策，大力倡导和赞助将古希腊、罗马、波斯、印度等国的学术经典译成阿拉伯文，吸收先进的文化遗产。阿拉伯语翻译运动保存了古希腊罗马文化中的自然科学和人文学科，对中世纪晚期欧洲政治文化状况的文化复兴起到了极其重要的推动作用。阿拉伯百年翻译运动持续了两百多年，横跨亚非欧广大地区，融合了波斯、印度、希腊、罗马、阿拉伯等古老的东西方文化。世界文明史上的翻译活动并不多。分析其成因、过程、结果和影响，对于研究人类文明的阶段性发展和人类智慧的共性具有重要的学术价值，对于深入了解阿拉伯伊斯兰哲学和文化也有很大帮助。

关键词

阿拉伯百年翻译运动，翻译运动，西方文化，伊斯兰文化，中世纪

Introduction

The Harakah al—Tarjamah is also called the Translation Movement. The Centennial Arab Translation Movement lasted for more than two hundred years. The content of translation involved cultural achievements such as ancient Greek and Roman culture, Persian Mesopotamian culture, and ancient Indian culture. It spanned three continents and five seas in space and was the most extensive in human history. One of the major events. The Arab translation movement in the middle of the eighth century to the end of the tenth century not only changed the backward state of the Arab nation, but also gave birth to a strong Arab-Islamic culture; and its document translation was extremely important to the Renaissance movement in the later political and cultural state of Europe.The Arab Empire in the Middle Ages carried out large-scale and organized academic activities that translated and introduced ancient Greek and Eastern scientific and cultural classics. The Abbasid Caliphate implemented a diversified and inclusive cultural policy, vigorously advocated and sponsored the translation of academic classics from ancient Greece, Rome, Persia, India and other countries into Arabic to absorb advanced cultural heritage. The Arabic translation movement preserved the natural sciences and humanities in ancient Greek and Roman cultures, and played an extremely important role in promoting the cultural revival of European political and cultural conditions in the late Middle Ages. The Hundred-Year Arab Translation Movement lasted for more than two hundred years, spanning the vast regions of Asia, Africa, and Europe, and blending ancient Eastern and Western cultures such as Persia, India, Greece, Rome, and Arabia. There are not many translation activities in the history of world civilization. Analyzing its causes, processes, results, and impacts is of great academic value for studying the phased development of human civilization and the commonality of human wisdom, and it is also of great help to deeply understand the Arab Islamic philosophy and culture. （Zhang Hong 2007:49-56）

The Arabic translation movement can be divided into three periods: the first period is from the middle and late 8th century to the late 9th century. Translation activities in this period were mainly carried out with the support of the famous Caliph Mansour and Harun Rashid. The translated books are mainly Persian works, and the content mostly revolves around astronomy and medicine. The second period was from the early 9th century to the middle and late 9th century. The Caliph Maimon strongly supported this matter and achieved the golden age of the 100-year translation movement. The content involved ancient Greek philosophy, natural sciences, etc.; the last period was from the middle and late 9th century to the early 10th century. During this period, the support of the Caliphate and the pace of translation declined, and a lot of work was retranslation and revision of previous translations. At this time, the translation movement has also entered its end. The century-old translation movement with a history of more than 200 years changed the backwardness of the Arab nation and gave birth to Arab-Islamic culture, which had a significant impact on Arab society. This movement promoted the exchange of various cultures while preserving classics and ancient books. Rongtong has added an important heritage to the world cultural treasure house, and has had a positive and valuable impact on the development of world culture. This article will give a more systematic introduction to the movement, divided into the following three parts: the reasons for the translation movement, the Baghdad Translation Center of the translation movement, and the influence of the translation movement.

The Background and Cause of Translation Movement

During the Umayyad dynasty, Arab Muslims were fully aware of the importance of absorbing the highly developed spiritual culture of foreign nations. In order to adapt to the actual needs of society, Khalid bin Yazid organized a group of people who were proficient in Syriac, Greek or Persian scholars, focusing on the translation of ancient books in medicine and pharmacology and chemistry, and have conducted translation explorations in a broader academic field. The beginning of the Arabic translation movement and its subsequent 200-year glorious achievements are mainly due to the following four factors:

1.Geographical factors:

Since Mansour, the second caliph of the Abbasid dynasty, established its capital in Baghdad, the important position of Baghdad as the political, economic and cultural center of the dynasty has been highlighted. Baghdad is located in the two rivers basin of West Asia and is located in the main traffic arteries between the East and the West. Throughout the history of civilizations in the world, rivers and civilizations have accompanied each other. The superior geographical location has created good conditions for cultural exchanges, accelerated the circulation of classics from various countries, and provided large-scale translation activities. Provides a wealth of source text.

Damascus, the capital of the former Umayyad dynasty, was handed over to Muslim rule after several regime changes. Prior to this, Damascus was an important center of Greco-Roman culture, with Greek as the official language, while the new capital of the Abbasid dynasty, Baghdad, was close to Persia. Ctesiphon, the old capital of the Sassanid Dynasty, was influenced by Persian culture before Islamic cultural rule. Therefore, during the translation movement at that time, a considerable number of Persian translators participated in the translation, and a large number of Persian classics were translated into Arabic and retained . "The Persian influence set back the original life of the Arabians, and paved the way for a new era characterized by the development of science and academic research." By translating classic works of other ethnic groups, cultural exchanges between different ethnic groups can be realized. Translation Played an important role as a bridge. At the same time, the Persian aristocracy made great contributions to the establishment of the Abbasid dynasty and was quite influential in the regime. The caliph also urgently needed the support of this force to promote cultural integration and identity identification among different ethnic groups. Therefore, geopolitical factors are undoubtedly one of the important driving forces for the vigorous development of the Abbasid dynasty translation movement. （Huang Zhiyun, Zhang Min 2021,37(06):81-85）

2.Religious factors:

In the early days of the Umayyad dynasty, the domestic political situation was basically stable, but there were still some political opponents and religious scholars dissatisfied with the rule. The influence of Christianity still exists. Islam, as a relatively young faith, has impacted on different religions and cultures. Make efforts to gain a firm foundation. In the early days of the rise of Islam, the spread of teachings could only be done through word of mouth, and academic interpretation was mainly based on the Koran. Except for Arabic and Islam, the early Muslims failed to import advanced culture or science and technology into the conquered areas, and only focused on consolidating the rule of Islam in the Arab region. The purpose of early translation activities was limited to promoting the dissemination of Islamic culture. For religious purposes, the original intent of religious works was greatly changed during the translation process. Although this practice can play a certain missionary role, it violates the basic principles of translation, fails to accurately convey the original information, and loses the inheritance significance of the original.

After the establishment of the Abbasid dynasty, the Islamization of the empire further deepened, and at the same time a batch of fresh religious and cultural blood was injected. The Quran is more tolerant towards foreign denominations such as Judaism and Christianity. Especially for Christians, the Quran calls them “the closest people to Muslims”. Under the guidance of this doctrine, “The Abbasid Empire has become an Islamic empire instead of a Umayyad-style “Arab Empire”. A large number of infidels and Muslims intermarried, reducing the ideological gap between various ethnic groups. Translator The religious structure of the group has been substantially adjusted. The converts filtered by Islamic ideology brought an active academic atmosphere and non-Islamic theological concepts, and multidisciplinary systems such as linguistics, literature, law, philosophy, and mathematics were gradually formed.

Islamic culture was further enriched in the Abbasid dynasty. The spirit of advocating knowledge and scholarship became the spiritual source of the translation movement during this period. The increasingly diversified inner religious spirit became the source of the translation movement, and promoted the translators of different religions. Translation behavior and multiple beliefs collide with each other, the scale of translation continues to expand, and the types and content of translations are also enriched by the tolerance of religious and cultural attitudes. The prosperity of the translation movement was promoted by many factors. At the religious and cultural level, the acceptance of various religious beliefs is a prerequisite for the vigorous development of the translation movement. If Muslims completely reject paganism and force other believers to convert to Islam, the participation of Christians or Jews in translation activities will be greatly reduced, the diversity of translator groups will be combated, and the perspective of translation research will inevitably be affected.

3.Science and technology factors:

In terms of science and technology, two factors have jointly promoted the development of translation, one is the foundation of early document translation, and the other is the introduction of papermaking.

The Prophet Muhammad said: “Learning is divided into two categories: religious learning and physical learning (medicine).” Translators of the Umayyad Dynasty followed this precept and performed sporadic translations of works on medicine, philosophy, and chemistry. , Pave the way for the emergence of the golden age of the translation movement in the later dynasties. "As for the natural sciences such as medicine, logic, and mathematics of the Islamic nation, it has been systematic from the beginning. Because partial research on it has already been carried out in Greece, India, Persia and other countries, and it has been sorted and recorded. It’s the stage of analysis and analysis. In the Abbasid era, these subjects were completely translated into Arabic without starting from scratch. Perhaps, when the writers of the paraphrasing subjects saw the rigorous system of natural science, they copied their practices. Some styles that they think are good have been added.” The scientific inquiry and translations of works in early Islam facilitated the prosperity of the translation movement, and Abbasid translators only needed to review the documents based on the collated documents. Or retranslation, which greatly improves the accuracy of translation.

The status of the development of emerging technologies in the Arab translation movement is undeniable, but technological development is equally important to the spread of early civilizations and is not unique to the Abbasid dynasty, so it cannot be used as a unique motivation for the emergence of large-scale translation activities in the Abbasid dynasty. However, the introduction of papermaking technology did make an indelible contribution to the cultural heritage of the empire. The first paper mill in the empire was located in Samarkand on the Silk Road in Central Asia. In the centuries before it was conquered by Islam, this city was already one of the most prosperous cities in the Persian Empire, and it was the academic center of Persia until the Middle Ages. The smooth flow of Eastern Commercial Road brought papermaking technology to Muslim countries. The introduction of papermaking has obvious influence on the translation movement. The Arabs replaced expensive parchment with relatively inexpensive paper, which made writing records and book circulation more convenient and expanded. People's demand for academic works has promoted the large-scale emergence of translation movement.

4.Translation ability factor：

Maimon, the seventh caliph of the Abbasid dynasty, established a "wisdom palace" on the basis of the Mansour Royal Library to recruit academic elites from all walks of life for translation work. The historian Yakubi once described the academic style in Baghdad: "Scholars in Baghdad have a higher education level, where experts are more knowledgeable in tradition, grammarians are more reliable in syntax... Logicians think more clearly Missionaries are also more eloquent.” Although the translators of this period were not true translators, they all had received strict philosophical and logical training. Some Syrian Christians specially returned to Greece to study in order to improve their language skills. They used Syriac as their mother tongue as a translation agency and played an important role in the translation movement. The translators in the Abbasid period built bridges between different languages and cultures with their outstanding professional ability, serious translation attitude and unlimited enthusiasm for science, which became another important driving force for the vigorous development of translation movement.

With the popularization of academic knowledge and the dissemination of various books, the scientific and cultural literacy of translators has also been comprehensively improved. The increase in knowledge reserves in astronomy, medicine, philosophy, etc. makes translation activities not only at the level of mechanical code switching. , But based on understanding and even proficiency in the meaning of the text, improving the level of translation in terms of translation quality and translation speed. （He Pu 2012）

Baghdad Translation Center

Baghdad Translation Center:

Before the Arab conquest, there was a tradition of studying ancient Greek cultural classics and translating them into Syriac. With the expansion of Islamic countries and the spread of religion, Arabic was popularized as an official language. At that time, there were many Syrians, Persians, Egyptians, Jews, Bebers, Spanish, Sicilians, and even Italians have become Muslims, and the Arabic language has been greatly popularized. During the reign of the Caliph dynasty, due to its rulers' enthusiasm for academic research and translation, under the impetus of the rulers, the Arab region in the Middle Ages became the center of science and translation.

Baghdad was the capital of the Abbasid Caliph dynasty. The rulers of the dynasty strongly supported the translation and paid the translators a very substantial compensation. With the support of the caliph ruler, a large number of Syrian, ancient Persian and Sanskrit texts were translated. At that time, they were most interested in medicine and philosophy. The choice of translation work text was not only political and cultural, but the personal interests of the current caliph and courtiers were also important factors. The Arab world attaches great importance to astronomy and calendar, mainly for the service of its religion. They used astronomy and calendar to accurately calculate the exact time of the five prayers, so that they could give the correct latitude and longitude coordinates facing the holy city of Mecca in any Islamic mosque for pilgrimage and prayer, and accurately calculated the time of fasting The exact number of days of the period. Therefore, many caliphs of the Abbasid dynasty paid great attention to the translation of astronomy and calendar classics. During the reign of the third-generation caliph Harun Al-Rashid (Harun Al-Rashid, said to be the prototype of the protagonist in the story of "The Thousand and One Nights"), the "Treasury of Knowledge" library was Established, it contains a large number of trophies of Greek literature and science obtained by defeating Byzantium. By the time of the fourth caliph Al-Mamun (reigned 813-833), Mamun was built in Baghdad in 830 AD The “House of Wisdom” (House of Wisdom), which is larger than the “Treasure House of Knowledge”, aims to translate the scientific and philosophical works of ancient Greece into Arabic. A large number of ancient Syriac, ancient Persian, and texts can be obtained here. In addition to translation, it is worth mentioning that during this period, many ancient Greek texts were translated into Arabic and preserved. In the 9th and 10th centuries AD, the city of Baghdad was the center of a vast translation project whose goal was to translate ancient Greek scientific and philosophical works into Arabic. This event had a profound impact on the development of science and philosophy in the entire Arab world, and directly brought about the dramatic changes in the culture and ideas of the region at that time. At that time, Hunayn Ibn Ishaq was in charge of the translation work. He and his more than 90 people translated a large number of Plato and Aristotle's works: Plato's Dialogues and "The Utopia", Aristotle's Logic Essays Set The Organon, including Categories, On Interpretation, Pior Analytics, Posterior Analytics, Topics, On Sophistical Refutations, The Metaphysics. （Xie Tianzhen 2009.7）

In addition to noting the translations of the original authors, the Arab scientists of this period also contained translational elements in their own works. Al-Razi (865-925), the author of the most important medicinal work at the time, was a student of Hunayn’s disciple. His most famous "Medical Integration" actually had a lot of content compiled, and the book collected All the medical knowledge of ancient Greece, India and the Middle East that was known at that time.

Alchemy also emerged in Arab countries during this period. It was initiated by the "mystic" Jabir Ibn Hayyan. He put forward a doctrine in his legacy writings that all things, especially metals, are based on mercury and Formed by the interaction of sulfur. The alchemy of China and Alexandria also had the seeds of this doctrine. Arab alchemists adopted the four-element theory of ancient Greece and imagined that by changing the amount of the elements that make up a metal, one metal can be transformed into another metal.

In the Arab world in the Middle Ages, like other ancient civilizations, encyclopedic scholars also appeared. The most representative one is Omar Khayyam (1048-1131). He was proficient in calendar reforms and algebraic studies, but his " Quartet" made him famous soon after him. His Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam is popular all over the world, and there have been hundreds of versions so far. His poems are recognized as the treasure of world literature and become the pride of ancient Persian literature.

During this period, Al-Khwarizmi (?-835) introduced Indian numbers and Indian algorithms to Arab countries, and later spread them to the world through Europe, which is what we now call "Arabic numbers".

The "Palace of Wisdom" established in 830 AD was the result of Arab absorbing the cultural wealth of China, India, Persia, and ancient Greece. A large number of translation activities continued until the decline of the empire in the 13th century. Translation has had a profound impact on the development of science and philosophy throughout the Arab world. For translators in Baghdad, the translation works play the role of raw materials, and the translated text is not the goal, but the catalyst that stimulates the original ideas and products of knowledge. Therefore, translators regard translation as a creative process, and the translation is often accompanied by comments, summaries or explanatory notes to make the original text easier to understand. Translators are often experts in the field of their translation. In translation, they not only exert their own understanding and comprehensive ability, but also practice their own creativity. A new ideological system was established with the help of translation and became the basis of Arab-Muslim culture. In this context, the prosperous Arab astronomy took the lead in blooming flowers from here, forming the so-called "Baghdad School" of later generations. The works of Alaba during this period were translated into Latin by later European academic circles, which in turn influenced the entire Western civilization. （Xie Tianzhen 2009.7）

The Influence of the Arabic Translation Movement

The Influence of the Translation Movement

The Abbasid dynasty was the golden age of the Arab translation movement. The academic research and cultural activities carried out on the basis of translation completely changed the early material and spiritual scarcity of the Arab nation, promoted the development of natural sciences in the Middle Ages, and gave birth to Arab- Islamic culture.

1.Promotion of the development of natural sciences:

In the golden age of the translation movement of the Abbasid dynasty, a large number of natural science and medical works from Persia and Greece were translated into Arabic. Translators learn astronomy and geography in the translation process, digest the source text and perform creative translation, use Arabic to annotate and explain the unclear or obscure meanings of the original text, and then use the target language that is easy for Muslims to output, which enhances The universality of the text promoted the popularization of Muslim science and culture. "In the eighty years after the establishment of the Abbasid dynasty, the cultural essence of the above-mentioned peoples has been recorded in Arabic. I didn’t know anything about arithmetic, geometry, medicine and other terms, and I knew Aristotle’s logic. Arabs who have never heard of philosophy can use Arabic to express Euclid’s most refined theories, express the law of sines in Indian mathematics, and express Aristotle’s Materialism, Ptolemy’s principles of astronomy, Galen’s medicine, Bizley’s motto, and the politics of the Persian king.” By studying translations, the Arabs built an Islamic medical system on the basis of native medicine. From theory to clinical practice, it has corrected and made up for the medical gap before the Abbasid dynasty. During the Abbasid period, medical achievements have been fruitful and have attracted worldwide attention. At the same time, research in the fields of pharmacology, botany, mathematics, and physics has gradually deepened, and many authoritative works have been published, which have made inestimable contributions to the development of modern science in China, the Arab world, and Europe, and even the development of human civilization. contribute.

Whether it is for the caliph’s personal preferences or serving in religious ceremonies, the translation of astrological and astronomical works has promoted the development of modern Arab science and technology. Some translators became astronomers or scientists by translating classics, thus realizing the transformation of their identities. After reading the translated works, many Arabs developed a keen interest in astronomy and mathematics, and then continued to translate. The main works of Euclid and Ptolemy were also translated into Arabic during this period. The translation of classics and scientific development promoted each other, and academic atmosphere became popular for a time. （Zhang Hong 2007:49-56）

2.The formation of Arab-Islamic culture:

While the natural sciences are developing vigorously, from the perspective of ideological and cultural analysis, the translation movement gave birth to Arab-Islamic culture. With the expansion of the Abbasid Empire, Islamic civilization was also brought to the vast conquered areas. Islam in the Umayyad period only existed as a foreign religion in the conquered areas. Christianity still has a profound influence there, and the beliefs of residents have not changed much. With the influence of various factors such as intermarriage and political dependence, the Islamization of the Arab empire has gradually advanced in the ruled areas and merged with the local culture into a splendid and complex Arab-Islamic culture. "After the 7th century, Islamic culture rose to become the mainstream culture of the Mediterranean. The Arab Empire became an important center of world culture at that time, and it radiated strongly outward."

The unification of language helps resolve ideological contradictions and promote national cultural identity. During the translation movement, the further popularization of Arabic became the official language of the empire, the civilization of neighboring countries gradually declined, and the status of Arab-Islamic culture gradually took shape. Without the prosperity of the Abbasid translation movement, there would be no new cultural construction of Islamic civilization. Since then, Arab-Islamic culture has shined in Spain. During the Arab rule of the Iberian Peninsula, it had a significant impact on the formation of Spanish national culture and language, and it also left a deep Arab imprint in the formation of European civilization. Although the Arab Empire fell apart due to religious and political struggles, the Arab-Islamic civilization left behind by the translation movement is still shining.

3.Having Promoted the Renaissance in Europe:

In the history of modern science, the Western Middle Ages has been given the image of a "dark age". In the Middle Ages from 500 to 1500 AD, because European countries pursued a religious theology and idealistic view of nature, the priests of the Roman Church only knew that they adhered to the dogma of their church. Religion seriously hindered the development of science. Therefore, Western science was here. The stage of development is unusually slow. The Christian churches in the West had brutally attacked the ancient Greek heritage and regarded this as a heritage related to idolatry that was harmful to the Christian faith. Christians were forbidden to learn more. At that time, the writings of most Greek philosophers and writers were despised. . The Byzantine emperor Constantine even closed the philosophical school in Athens in 529 AD, and this hostile attitude towards Greek heritage continued for centuries. Muslim scholars saved the Greek heritage by studying and in-depth annotations of the writings of Aristotle, Gran, and Ptolemy. It was through the labor of these Muslim scholars that the European countries that were shrouded in the dark age at that time realized their true and forgotten traditions of Greek science and philosophy. It is precisely because of the Arab world's translation of ancient Greek and Roman scientific and philosophical works that the natural and human sciences in ancient Greek and Roman cultures were preserved, so that the translation of Arabic documents in Europe in the late Middle Ages promoted European politics In this regard, the cultural revival is indispensable for the contribution of the Arab Translation Movement. （Zhang Zhizhong 2008(01):3-17.）

Conclusion

The Abbasid dynasty was the second hereditary dynasty of the Arab Empire, which lasted for more than five hundred years. The translation movement that flourished in this era pushed Arab-Islamic culture to its peak under the multiple combined forces. Although the power of the Arab empire in the second half of the 9th century was declining and the Caliphate came to an end, its cultural influence has never diminished. With the advancement of international cultural exchanges between countries, the Arab translation movement still has important practical significance:

First of all, cultural exchanges between countries in the world are becoming more and more frequent. Translation disciplines are no longer limited to the language field. Interdisciplinary translation has become a future trend. It is a new type of challenge;

secondly, a good academic environment is a prerequisite for promoting knowledge progress and achieving academic innovation. During the Abbasid dynasty, translation activities were organized and carried out on a large scale under the call of the state, focusing on and rewarding academic activities, and setting up academic institutions. The academic atmosphere of the entire Baghdad city was strong, and the natural sciences and social sciences had been developed by leaps and bounds. This provides a reference for the further construction of the academic environment of other countries.

Furthermore, the development of science and technology has closely linked the countries of the world, and the collision of multiculturalism has become the theme of the development of civilization in the world today. The reason for the success of the Arab translation movement is that Muslims' tolerance towards other religions and foreign cultures is a crucial part. This is also the main reason why Arab-Islamic culture has absorbed the millennium culture of ancient Greece and Rome in a century. In summary, the Abbasid dynasty’s open and inclusive attitude towards academic activities led the Arab translation movement into a golden age. The vigorous development of the translation movement during this period promoted the progress of the natural sciences of the Arab Empire, and laid a solid academic foundation for the early inheritance of science and culture, as well as the exchanges and mutual learning between Eastern and Western civilizations. Despite the decline of the Arab empire, the characteristics of Arab-Islamic culture will continue in new ways. In the contemporary era, the Abbasid dynasty translation movement provides the world with a deeper historical perspective, and provides a useful reference for the training of translators and cultural exchanges in various countries around the world.

Although the vigorous Arab translation movement for a century has been obliterated in the long river of history, the impact of the Arab-Islamic culture produced is far-reaching. Throughout the long history, one can still hear the voices of many Muslims and non-Muslim scholars struggling to translate manuscripts in the "Wisdom Hall", as well as their clamor for truth and academic culture; you can still hear the Arab Muslims in "for Allah" Under the slogan of "War", the screams of expansion riding on a war horse; I can still imagine the amazing scenes of Arab merchants traveling thousands of miles and sailing merchant ships to China and Scandinavia. Under the influence of the strong Arab-Islamic culture, the people of the Arab empire have discarded national and racial differences and formed a spirit of "Muslim brothers and sisters" psychologically. This strong culture and common psychological cognition give Arab-Islamic culture a tenacious vitality, and it still arouses echoes from time to time in Arab countries and the Islamic world. (Yang Junjiao 2004）

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