20231208 homework

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《論語》The Analects IV

子曰：“賢哉，回也!一簟食, 一瓢飲, 在陋巷, 人不 堪其憂, 回也不改其樂。賢哉，回也!”

子貢曰: “如有博施於民而能濟衆, 何如? 可謂仁 乎? ”子曰：“何事於仁, 必也聖乎! 堯舜其猶病諸! 夫 仁者，已欲立而立人，已欲達而達人。能近取譬”,可謂仁 之方也已。”

曾子曰：“士不可以不弘毅, 任重而道逮”。仁以為已 任，不亦重乎? 死而後已, 不亦遠乎?”

Student list (please write both, the modern Chinese translation and the English translation beneath your name):

ZJQ

孔子说：“回真有德行！他在陋巷里吃竹筒饭和勺饮。没有人能承受这样的忧虑，但是这没有影响回的心情。回真有德行！ 子貢说：如果有一个人有能力帮助人们，使他们摆脱贫困，你会怎么看他？这能被称为 "仁 "吗？孔子说：你所做的仁慈之事，必须是神圣的！堯舜是很难理解的！仁者是希望得到帮助，而帮助别人。‘能够举出身边人的例子‘ 才能成为仁者。曾子说：一个学者必须有智慧和毅力，任重而道远。仁就是负责，这不难吗？死亡不是迟早的事吗？

Confucius said: Hui is so virtuous! He was eating dishes from a bamboo bowl and drinking from scoop at impoverished street. No person can deal with such a worry, but it didn’t even affected Hui’s mood. Hui is so virtuous! Zi Gong said: If there was a person with ability to help people and save them from poverty, what would you think of him? Can it be called benevolence?” Confucius said: “What you do with benevolence, it must be holy! It is very hard to understand for Yao and Shun! A benevolent person is one who wants to be helped, but instead help others. ‘Being able to draw examples from nearby people’ can be the only way to be benevolent.” Zeng ZI said: “A savant must be wise and persistent, we have a difficult way to go. To be benevolent is to be responsible, isn’t it difficult? Isn't death a matter of time?”

AYR

孔子说：“回真是聪明啊！一张蓝褥就可以进食，一瓢子就能解渴，在狭陋的巷子里，人们可能无法忍受他的苦，但回却能保持乐观。回真是聪明啊！” 子贡说：“如果一个人能广施于民众并帮助许多人，这算仁吗？”孔子说：“何必局限于仁，必须是圣者才行！尧舜都还有所病难啊！仁者，已经想要立人而立人，想要达到而帮助人。能够近似取喻，可以说是仁之方向了。” 曾子说：“士人不可以没有广博的胸怀和坚毅的品质，承担重任而努力达到目标。仁心以为已承担的责任，难道不是一种重任吗？死后才算完成，难道不是一种远大目标吗? Confucius said, "How virtuous is Hui! With a mat for a bed and a gourd for a cup, in a humble lane, he doesn't burden others with his troubles, yet remains unchanged in his joy. How virtuous is Hui!" Zi Gong asked, "What if one could generously benefit the people and assist the multitude, would that be called benevolence?" Confucius replied, "What does benevolence have to do with this? It must be considered as wisdom. Yao and Shun would still find it challenging! The benevolent person desires to establish others when they desire to establish themselves, and desires to achieve for others when they desire to achieve for themselves. This is the way of benevolence." Zengzi said, "A scholar should not neglect broad-mindedness and determination; when the responsibility is weighty and the way is long, is it not distant to wait for death after the task is completed?"

KXY

孔子说：“回真是贤人啊！带着一竹碗饭和葫芦杯水，住在后巷里。别人无法忍受他的痛苦，但回却始终保持着快乐的性格。回果然是一个值得尊敬的人！” Confucius said: „Hui was indeed a worthy! He lived in a back alley, had only a bamboo bowl filled with rice and a cup of water. No one could have endured his misery, but Hui’s happinness never changed. Hui is really worthy!”

子贡问：“如果有人谁能帮助别人，能够广泛地惠及百姓，能够拯救大众，你会怎样看待他呢？可以说它是一个人道的人吗？” 孔子说：“为什么只叫他这样？他当然是一个圣哲。就像是堯舜，他们仍然对仁感到困扰。仁德之人既要立自己，又要帮助别人立自己，他既要使自己顺利，又要使别人顺利。可以说，修仁之道，在于凡事能够推动自己和他人。” Zi Gong asked: „What if there is a person who helped others, ended poverty - what would you think about this person? Could he be called humane?” Confucius said: „Why only humane? He is definitely a sage. Even Yao and Shun would have struggled to achieve this. A ren man wishing to be the best, has to see the best in others, a ren man wanting to be successful, has to see other people as successful ones. Ren is taking our own feelings as a guide.”

曾子说：“学着不要失去毅力，所有的责任不简单，要走的路很长。仁慈不是一件简单的事。只是他死的时候停止仁慈吗？” Zeng Zi said: „Scholar may not lose his perseverance. Responsibilities are not simple and the road is long. Kindness is not simple. Is it that with death his kindness stops?”

PNL

孔子说：“回确实是一位贤的人！带着一碗饭，一杯葫芦水，住在一条小巷里。别人无法忍受他的不幸，但是回失踪没有改变他开朗的性格。回确实是一位贤的人！ Confucius said: “Hui was indeed worthy! With one bamboo bowl of rice and a cup of gourd water, he lived in a side alley. Others couldn’t bear his misfortune, but Hui never changed his cheerful disposition. Hui was indeed worthy!”

子贡问：“如果有一个君主，为人民广泛谋福利，能够拯救很多人，你会怎么样看待他呢？这还能叫他一位仁德的人吗？” 孔子回答：“为什么只叫他这样？她肯定是一位仁德的人。即使是尧和舜也必须付出很大的努力才能达到这个目的。仁德的人，立自己以前，帮助立别的人。而且，如果他想成功的话，首先他要看到别人的成功。以自己的感受为指导的能力，就可以称为仁。” Zi Gong asked: „Suppose there were a ruler who benefited people on a large scale and was able to save many, what would you think of him? Can it be called humane?” Confucius replied: “Why only humane? He would be for sure a sage. Even Yao and Shun would have had to work hard to achieve this. Now the ren men, before establishing himself, firstly helps established others. Also, if he wants to be successful, firstly he sees that others are successful. The ability to take your own feelings as a guide can be called ren.”

曾子说：“做一个士人，必须有胸怀和决心，因为担子很重，路还很长。如果你以仁为负担，那不是很重吗？如果死亡是阻止这一切的唯一方法，那不是很漫长吗？ Zeng Zi said: “To be a scholar, you must have an open mind and resolve, because your burden is heavy and your path is long. If you take ren as your burden, is it not heavy? If death is the only way to stop that, is it not long?”

GZS

孔子稱讚回說：「他真是好心的！只有一個竹碗和一個葫蘆杯，他的生活是簡樸，但總是很開朗。這纔是真正的美德！」 子貢問：「如果有一個人幫助了很多人呢？他也是善良嗎？」 孔子想了想，回答說：「仁慈不只是做好事，而是要有智慧。甚至偉大的領導者在這方面也會有困難。美德表示幫助其他人實現自己的目的，和幫助自己一樣。向周圍的人學習——這就是真正的仁慈。」 曾子還說：「作為一個學者，你必須有決心。做一個仁慈的人並不容易，尤其是如果你的道路是又長又難。但我們逝世的時候，我們的責任就結束了嗎？仁慈真的是有時間的限制嗎？」

Confucius praised Hui, saying, "He's truly good-hearted! With just a bamboo bowl and a gourd cup, he lives humbly but stays cheerful. That's real virtue!" 

Zi Gong asked, "What about someone who helps a lot of people? Would they be kind?"

Confucius thought and replied, "Kindness isn't just doing good—it's being smart about it. Even great leaders might struggle with this. Being kind means helping others achieve their goals, just like you'd help yourself. Learning from those around us—that's true kindness."

Zeng Zi added, "To succeed as a scholar, you need determination. Being kind isn't easy, especially when the journey is long and tough. But is our duty over when we're gone? Is kindness really limited by time?"

JX

孔子说：“回真了不起！只用一张竹席吃饭，一只葫芦喝水，住在狭窄的巷子里，人们都难以忍受艰辛，但回依然保持快乐。回真了不起！”子贡说：“如果有人能慷慨解囊助人，使众人受益，这样的人可以称为仁吗？”孔子说：“对于仁何需考虑，必须是圣人啊！就像是堯舜，他们仍然对仁感到困扰！因为仁者，既想确立自己的位置，也想使别人确立自己的位置，既想实现自己的目标，也想使别人实现目标。能够近似地使用比喻，可以说是仁的方法。”曾子说：“士人不应该没有胸怀和毅力，职责重大而道路遥远。仁义之道以为已任，不也重要吗？死后才算完成，不也遥远吗？”

Confucius said: "How virtuous is Hui! With his single bamboo dish of rice, and his single gourd dish of drink, he can dwell in a narrow lane. I have never seen a man who loves virtue as much as he does." Zi Gong said, "Suppose a man with the ability to benefit the people and able to relieve the multitude, what would you think of him? Would he be called benevolent?" Confucius said, "What is the use of benevolence if it is not guided by wisdom? A Yao or a Shun might still find it difficult to practice benevolence in the world. A benevolent person desires to establish others and to guide them. To be able to draw an analogy from near at hand may be said to be the way of benevolence." Zengzi said, "A scholar should not be without broad-mindedness and perseverance. How can he fulfill his duties without such qualities? Is it possible for anyone to be without duties? Is it possible for anyone to fulfill his duties without perseverance?"

FY

孔子说：“颜回啊，真是一位伟大的圣人啊！他用竹篮盛饭，用斗水喝水，住在简陋的巷子里。别人都受不了贫穷的悲伤，而颜回却能过着这样的生活。”颜回真是一位伟大的圣人啊！

Confucius said: "What a great sage, Yan Hui! He served food in a bamboo basket, drank water from a bucket and lived in a humble alley. No one else could bear the sadness of poverty, but Yan Hui was able to live like him. What a great sage, Yan Hui!”

子贡说: "如果一个人能够广泛地惠及民众，能够让他们都过上好日子，那他是什么样的人呢？能说他有仁德吗？孔子回答说 "有普通的仁德，就一定有圣德！尧舜大概也很难理解这一点！仁德之人，既要自己立身，也要帮助别人立身；既要自己顺利，也要使别人顺利。可以说，凡事能推己及人，才是修仁之道"。

Zigong said: "What kind of person is a man who can benefit the people so widely that he can make a good life for them all? Can it be said that he has benevolence and virtue? Confucius replied: "If one has ordinary benevolence and virtue, one must have saintly virtue! Yao and Shun probably had a hard time understanding this! A man of benevolence and virtue must establish himself as well as help others to establish themselves; he must make things smooth for himself as well as make things smooth for others. It can be said that the way to cultivate benevolence is to be able to push one's self and others in all things."

曾子说：“士人不能不奋发有为，任重而道远。以仁德为己任，不是一件伟大的事吗？不是很遥远吗？” 只有当你死了才停止？”

Zeng Zi said, "A scholar cannot fail to be resolute, and the task is heavy but the road is not easy". The task of being benevolent is a heavy one, isn't it? Isn't it a long way to stop only when he dies?"

FJN

孔子说：“真的是一位有贤德的人，那就是颜回！一竹篮简单饭菜，一瓢的水，住在简陋的小巷子里，一般人对于穷困都忧愁的受不了，但是颜回一样自得其乐。真的有贤德的人，那就是颜回！” 子贡说：“如有人能让百姓都得到实惠，又能扶贫济困，怎样？可算仁人吗？”孔子说：“岂止是仁人！必定是圣人！尧舜都做不到！所谓仁人，衹要能做到自己想成功时先帮别人成功，自己想得到时先帮别人得到，就可以了。推己及人，可算实行仁的方法。” 曾子说：“士人不可以不弘大刚毅，因为他肩负的任务重大而路程遥远。把实现仁德作为自己的任务，难道不是重大吗？到死方才停止下来，难道不是遥远吗？” The Master said, “Admirable indeed was the virtue of Hui! With a single bamboo dish of rice, a single gourd dish of drink, and living in his mean narrow lane, while others could not have endured the distress, he did not allow his joy to be affected by it. Admirable indeed was the virtue of Hui!”

Zi Gong said, “Suppose the case of a man extensively conferring benefits on the people, and able to assist all, what would you say of him? Might he be called perfectly virtuous?” The Master said, “Why speak only of virtue in connection with him? Must he not have the qualities of a sage? Even Yao and Shun were still solicitous about this. Now the man of perfect virtue, wishing to be established himself, seeks also to establish others; wishing to be enlarged himself, he seeks also to enlarge others. To be able to judge of others by what is nigh in ourselves - this may be called the art of virtue.” The philosopher Zeng said, “The officer may not be without breadth of mind and vigorous endurance. His burden is heavy and his course is long. Perfect virtue is the burden which he considers it is his to sustain - is it not heavy? Only with death does his course stop - is it not long?”

JXM

Confucius said: "Hui's virtue is truly admirable! Having a single bamboo rice dish, a single drink dish, and living in his squalid narrow alley while others couldn't bear the suffering, he didn't let it affect his joy. Hui's virtue is truly admirable!" 孔子说："回之德，实在令人敬佩！ 他只有一个竹饭菜，一个饮料菜，生活在他肮脏的狭窄山谷，而其他人不能忍受痛苦，他没有让它影响他的喜悦。回的德行，实在令人敬佩！" Zi Gong said: "Suppose that a person generously gives people benefits and is able to help everyone, what would you say about him? Is it possible to call him completely virtuous?" Confucius said: "Why talk only about his virtue? Shouldn't he have the qualities of a sage? Even Yao and Shun still cared about it. Now a man of perfect virtue, desiring to establish himself, also seeks to establish others; desiring to exalt himself, he also seeks to exalt others. To be able to judge others by what is right in ourselves-this can be called the art of virtue." 子贡说："假设一个人慷慨地给人好处，并且能够帮助每个人，你会怎么说他？ 是否有可能称他为完全贤惠？" 孔子曰："何以只论其德？ 他不应该有圣人的品质吗? 连堯、舜都还在意。 现在，一个德行完全的人，想建立自己，也想建立别人；想提升自己，也想提升别人。 能够通过自己的权利来判断他人-这可以被称为美德的艺术。" The philosopher Zeng said: "There is no officer without breadth of mind and strong endurance. His burden is heavy and his journey is long. Perfect virtue is a burden that he considers it his duty to bear - isn't it heavy? Only with death does his path end-isn't it long?" 曾子说："没有一个没有思想广度和耐力的军官。 他的负担很重，他的旅程很长。 完美的美德是他认为自己有责任承担的负担-不是很重吗？ 只有死亡，他的道路才会结束 - 这不是很长吗？"

AR

孔子说: "回之德，实在令人敬佩！拥有唯一的竹饭菜，唯一的南瓜饮料菜，生活在他肮脏的狭窄小巷里，而其他人不能忍受痛苦，他没有让它影响他的喜悦。 真的, 回的德行令人钦佩!" Confucius said: "Admirable indeed was the virtue of Hui! With a single bamboo dish of rice, a single gourd dish of drink, and living in his mean narrow lane, while others could not have endured the distress, he did not allow his joy to be affected by it. Admirable indeed was the virtue of Hui!"

子贡说: “你会怎么说一个人，慷慨地给人好处，可以帮助每个人？ 是否有可能称他为完全贤惠？"孔子说："为什么只论与他有关的美德呢？ 他不应该有圣人的品质吗? 尧和舜大概还在意吧。 现在，一个完美的美德的人，他想建立自己，也想建立别人；他想提升自己，也想提升别人。 能够通过我们自己的东西来判断他人，这被称为美德的艺术。" Zi Gong said: "What would you say about a person who, let's say, generously gives people benefits and can help everyone? Is it possible to call him completely virtuous?" Confucius said: "Why talk only about virtue in connection with him? Shouldn't he have the qualities of a sage? Even Yao and Shun still cared about it. Now a man of perfect virtue, who wants to establish himself, also seeks to establish others; wishing to elevate himself, he also seeks to elevate others. To be able to judge others by what is in ourselves is called the art of virtue."

曾子说："军官可能不是没有思想的广度和有力的耐力。 他的负担很重，他的路线很长。 完美的美德是他认为他要承受的负担 -- 它不重吗? 只有随着死亡，他的路线才会停止 -- 这不是很长吗？"

Zengzi said, "The officer may not be without breadth of mind and vigorous endurance. His burden is heavy and his course is long. Perfect virtue is the burden which he considers it is his to sustain - is it not heavy? Only with death does his course stop - is it not long?"

ZYF

孔子说：回就是个贤人！有一个竹器，有一个瓢为了喝，住在狭窄的街巷。别的人受不了那么困难的情况，但是回就没有问题。回就是个贤人！子贡说：如果有个人会给别人好处，也可以帮助别人生活得很好，那样的人怎么样？可能说那样的人有仁有德吗？孔子说：什么有仁有德，一定是圣！尧和舜可能有问题做到！有仁有德的人，如果自己想要树立什么，也应该帮助别人树立，自己想要事情对他顺畅，也应该帮助别人顺畅。如果有人帮助别人解决他们的问题，可以说是实行仁的最好方法。曾子说：士人应该是弘毅，他的任务很重，路程很遥远。实行仁德做为自己的任务，不是很重要吗？死亡以后停下来，是不是那么远？

Confucius said: Hui is indeed a wise man! He has a bamboo vessel and a gourd for drinking, live in a narrow alley. Others couldn't handle that much difficult situation, but it's not a problem for Hui. Hui is indeed a wise man! Zi Gong said: If someone can benefit others and help others live a good life, what about that kind of person ? Could wo say that such a person is kind and virtuous ? Confucius said: anything what is kind and virtuous must be a saint! Yao and Shun may have had problems with it! A kind and virtuous person, if wants to establish something, should also help others to establish it, if he wants things to go smoothly for him, should also help others to go smoothly. If there is somebody who helps others solve their problems, we could say it's the best way to practice ,,ren". Ceng Zi said: the scholar should be perseverance, his task is hudge and the journey is long. Isn’t it important to practice benevolence as our own mission? It finish after death, is it really that long ?

ZQY

孔子说：“真是个大贤人啊，颜回！用一个竹筐盛饭，用一只瓢喝水，住在简陋的巷子里。别人都忍受不了那穷困的忧愁，颜回却能照样快活。真是个大贤人啊，颜回！” Master said, "Admirable indeed was the virtue of Hui! With a single bamboo dish of rice, a single gourd dish of drink, and living in his mean narrow lane, while others could not have endured the distress, he did not allow his joy to be affected by it. Admirable indeed was the virtue of Hui!" 子贡说：“如果一个人能广泛地给民众以好处，而且能够帮助众人生活得很好，这人怎么样？可以说他有仁德了吗？”孔子说：“哪里仅仅是仁德呢，那一定是圣德了！尧和舜大概都难以做到！一个有仁德的人，自己想树立的，同时也帮助别人树立；自己要事事通达顺畅，同时也使别人事事通达顺畅。凡事能够推己及人，可以说是实行仁道的方法了。” Zi Gong said, "Suppose the case of a man extensively conferring benefits on the people, and able to assist all, what would you say of him? Might he be called perfectly virtuous?" The Master said, "Why speak only of virtue in connection with him? Must he not have the qualities of a sage? Even Yao and Shun were still solicitous about this. Now the man of perfect virtue, wishing to be established himself, seeks also to establish others; wishing to be enlarged himself, he seeks also to enlarge others. To be able to judge of others by what is nigh in ourselves - this may be called the art of virtue." 曾子说：“士人不可不拥有宏毅之心，承担重任并追求道德。”以仁心为已任，这岂非是重大的责任？等到死后才算完成，这不也是遥远的吗？ "Zengzi said: 'A scholar-official should not lack magnanimity and determination, bearing great responsibilities while pursuing the path. To take benevolence as one's responsibility, isn't this also a weighty matter? Only after death can one say it's done, isn't this distant too?'"

OYZ

孔子说：“回真了不起！就用一张竹席吃饭，总葫芦喝水，住在狭窄的巷子里，人们都难以忍受艰辛，但回依然保持快乐。真是个大贤人啊，颜回！ Confucius said: "What a great sage, Yan Hui! He served food in a bamboo basket, drank water from a bucket and lived in a humble alley. No one else could bear the sadness of poverty, but Yan Hui was able to live like him. What a great sage, Yan Hui!”

子贡说: "如果一个人能够广泛地惠及民众，能够让他们都过上好日子，那他是什么样的人呢？能说他有仁德吗？孔子回答说 "有普通的仁德，就一定有圣德！尧舜大概也很难理解这一点！仁德之人，既要自己立身，也要帮助别人立身；既要自己顺利，也要使别人顺利。可以说，凡事能推己及人，才是修仁之道"。

Zi Gong said, "And what would you think about a man with the ability to benefit the people and able to relieve the multitude? Would he be called benevolent?" Confucius said, "What is the use of benevolence if it is not guided by wisdom? A Yao or a Shun might still find it difficult to practice benevolence in the world. A benevolent person desires to establish others and to guide them. To be able to draw an analogy from near at hand may be said to be the way of benevolence.

曾子说：“士人不能不奋发有为，任重而道远。以仁德为己任，不是一件伟大的事吗？ 死后才算完成，不也遥远吗？

" Zengzi said, "A scholar should not be without broad-mindedness and perseverance. How can he fulfill his duties without such qualities? Is it possible for anyone to be without duties? Is it possible for anyone to fulfill his duties without perseverance?"

CMN

子曰：“贤哉回也！一箪食，一瓢饮，在陋巷。人不堪其忧，回也不改其乐。贤哉回也！” The Master said, "Admirable indeed was the virtue of Hui! With a single bamboo dish of rice, a single gourd dish of drink, and living in his mean narrow lane, while others could not have endured the distress, he did not allow his joy to be affected by it. Admirable indeed was the virtue of Hui!"

子贡曰：“如有博施于民而能济众，何如？可谓仁乎？”子曰：“何事于仁，必也圣乎！尧舜其犹病诸！夫仁者，己欲立而立人，己欲达而达人。能近取譬，可谓仁之方也已。” Zi Gong said, "Suppose the case of a man extensively conferring benefits on the people, and able to assist all, what would you say of him? Might he be called perfectly virtuous?" The Master said, "Why speak only of virtue in connection with him? Must he not have the qualities of a sage? Even Yao and Shun were still solicitous about this. Now the man of perfect virtue, wishing to be established himself, seeks also to establish others; wishing to be enlarged himself, he seeks also to enlarge others. To be able to judge of others by what is nigh in ourselves - this may be called the art of virtue."

曾子曰：“士不可以不弘毅，任重而道远。仁以为己任，不亦重乎？死而后已，不亦远乎？” The philosopher Zeng said, "The officer may not be without breadth of mind and vigorous endurance. His burden is heavy and his course is long. Perfect virtue is the burden which he considers it is his to sustain - is it not heavy? Only with death does his course stop - is it not long?"

《論語》The Analects V

子路曰：“衛君待子而為政, 子將奚先?” 子曰：“必也正名乎!” 子路曰：“有是哉，子之迂也! 奚其正?” 子曰：“野哉, 由也!君子於其所不知，蓋闕如也。 名不正，則言不顺; 言不順，則事不成；事不成，則禮樂不 典; 禮樂不典，則刑罰不中; 刑罰不中，則民無所錯手 足。故君子名之必可言也，言之必可行也”。君子於其 言，無所苟而已矣“。”

Student list (please write both, the modern Chinese translation and the English translation beneath your name):

ZJQ

Zi Lu said: “The king of Wei is waiting for you to take over the rule, what are you going to do first? Confucius said: “The terminology must be corrected!” Zi Lu said: “Again, Confucius is making it complicated! Why would you correct terminology?” Confucius replied: “Zi Lu, you are too simple! A gentleman is conscious about things he doesn’t know. If terminology is not corrected, the words will be incorrect; if words are incorrect, nothing will be accomplished; if nothing is accomplished, the rituals and music won’t be up to par; if rituals and music are not up to pair, then the punishments and penalties will not be appropriate; if the punishments and penalties aren’t appropriate, the people can do nothing. Therefore, a gentleman's terminology must be speakable, and his words must be practicable. A gentleman’s words must be always correct."

子路说：卫王正等着你来接掌政权，你打算先做什么？孔子说：”必须纠正术语！“ 子路说：”孔子又一次把问题复杂化了！为什么要纠正术语？” 孔子回答：”子路，你太单纯了！君子对自己不知道的事情要有清醒的认识。如果不纠正术语，言就会不顺；如果言不顺，则事不成；如果事不成，斋教和音乐就会不伦不类；如果斋教和音乐不伦不类，则刑罚不当；如果刑罚不当，人民就无能为力。因此，君子用术语可言，言语要可行。君子的语言总是要正确。

KXY

子路说：“卫国的君王期待你协助治理国家。 你先要做的是什么？孔子说：“我们要正名！“ 子路说：“你是认真的吗？ 为什么这个这么重要？” 孔子说：“你很简单吧？ 高尚的人不会对他不知道的事情妄下结论。” 孔子说：“如果术语不更正，那么所说的就无法遵循。 如果说的话不能遵循，那么工作就无法完成。 工作不能完成，礼乐就不能发展。 礼乐不能发达，刑罚就不合适。 刑罚不当，老百姓就寸步难行。 因此，君子必须将自己的术语运用到真实的语言中，言行一致。 君子之言，不能无定。” Zi Lu said: „Wei ruler is waiting for your assistance in ruling the country. What do you want to do in the first place?” Confucius said: „We have to change names.” Zi Lu answered: „For real? Why do you care about this that much?” Confucius said: „You’re so simple. A noble man is cautious about jumping to conclusions about that which he does not know. If we don’t correct the terminology, what is said there can’t be followed. If we can’t follow that, work can’t be completed. If work can’t be completed, ritual and music won’t work. If those two won’t work, criminal punishments won’t be appropriate. If punishments aren’t appropriate people won’t know how to behave. Noble man’s terminology has to work with real language, his speech must must go well with his actions. The speech of the noble man can’t be indefinite.

PNL

子路说：“魏国的君主希望你帮助他治理国家。你最重要的优先事项是什么？” 孔子回答：“这个术语应该改正！” 子路问：“你是认真的吗？为什么这个这么重要?” 孔子说：“子路，你太单纯了。高尚的人会谨慎地对他不知道的事情妄下结论。如果属于不更正，那么所说的就无法遵循。如果不能遵循所说的话，那么工作就无法完成。工作不能完成，礼乐就不能提高。礼乐不能提高，刑罚就不恰当。刑罚不恰当，百姓就无法行动。因此，君子必须有正确的语言，言行一致。君子之言，不能无定。” Zi Lu said: “The ruler of Wei expects your help in administering his country. What will be your most important priority?” Confucius replied: “The terminology should be corrected!” Zi Lu asked: “Are you serious? Why is this so important?” Confucius said: “You are too simple, Zi Lu. A noble man is careful to jump to conclusions about what he does not know. If terminology is not corrected, then what is said cannot be followed. If what is said cannot be followed, then work cannot be completed. If work cannot be completed, then ritual and music cannot be improved. If rituals and music cannot be improved, punishment will not be appropriate. If punishments are not appropriate, the people cannot make a move. Therefore, the noble man must have his terminology applicable to true language, and his speech must be compatible with his actions. The speech of the noble man cannot be indefinite.”

GZS

子路說：「孔子，衛國國君等著你的關於治理的建議，你的第一步是什麼？」 孔子堅定地回答：「使用正確的術語。」 子路困惑地質疑：「專注於那麼微小的細節是不是一點迂腐？這個方面真是這麼重要嗎？」 孔子回答：「子路，你把事情說得太簡單了！君子不可以對不知道的事情有那麼強的看法！如果術語仍然有毛病，就會限制溝通。如果沒有有效的溝通，進步被停滯。如果進步被停滯，禮樂的本質就會退化。退化禮樂之後，司法和刑罰制度也會退化。那個時候，人民完全失去方向。因此，君子的語言是簡潔的，也言出必行。言行一致就是君子的定義，他的行動總是清楚和有效。」

Zi Lu approached Confucius and asked, “The ruler of Wei seeks your guidance in leading the country. What would be your first step?” 

Confucius responded firmly, “The correction of terminology is crucial.” 

Zi Lu, baffled, questioned, “Isn’t it a little pedantic to focus on such minute details? Is that truly essential? ” 

Confucius replied, “Zi Lu, you oversimplify things in such a rude manner! A noble man refrains from hasty judgments regarding the unknown. If the terminology remains flawed, that restricts effective communication. Without effective communication, progress stalls. When progress stops, the essence of rituals and music deteriorates. With their decline, so does the justice and penalty system. Without them, the people become directionless. Thus, a noble man uses simple, concise language and always keeps his promises. Precision in speech and action defines a noble man, who’s always clear and effective in his actions.

JX

子路问：“卫君等你参与治理，你将从何入手呢？” 孔子说：“必须正名！” 子路说：“有理啊，您真是太慢了！为什么不直接行动呢？” 孔子说：“子路啊，你真是个豁达的人！君子对于自己不了解的事情，就像是在荒野中。如果名字不正，言辞就会不顺；言辞不顺，事情就无法完成；事情无法完成，礼乐就无法规范；礼乐无法规范，刑罚就会不公正；刑罚不公正，百姓就会无所适从。因此，君子所用的名字必须是可以说得出口的，说出口的必须是可以实际执行的。君子在言辞时，绝不敷衍。

Zilu asked, "The Lord of Wei has been waiting for you to join the government. What will you prioritize?" Confucius said, "It is necessary to rectify names." Zilu said, "That's reasonable, but you, Master, seem too slow. Why not take direct action?" Confucius replied, "Zilu, you are straightforward. When a gentleman encounters something he does not understand, it is like being in the wilderness. If names are not correct, words will not be in accordance. If words are not in accordance, actions cannot be successful. If actions are not successful, rituals and music will not flourish. If rituals and music do not flourish, punishments will not be appropriate. If punishments are not appropriate, the people will have nowhere to put hand or foot. Hence, a gentleman's use of names can be spoken and his words can be acted upon. A gentleman, in his speech, is never deceitful.

FY

子路说 "卫国国君想让您治理国家 您打算从哪里开始呢？" 孔子回答说 "首先要提高自己的名声" 子路说 子路说："有这样的事吗？你太迂腐了。你怎么能改好这个名字呢？" 孔子说 "仲由，你太无礼了。君子对自己不知道的事情总是采取怀疑的态度。名不正，则言不顺；言不顺，则事不成。名不正，则言不顺；言不顺，则事不成。礼乐不兴，刑罚就不能得当。刑罚不适当，人们就不知道该怎么做。故君子必有名，必能明言，必能效言。君子的言行从不马虎。

Zi Lu said: "The ruler of the state of Wei wants you to rule the country, where are you going to start first?" Confucius replied: "First of all, you must improve your name." Zi Lu said: "Is there such a thing? You are so pedantic. How can you fix this name?" Confucius said: "Zhongyu, how rude. A gentleman always takes a skeptical approach to things he doesn't know. If his name is incorrect, he will not speak correctly and reasonably, and if he does not speak correctly and reasonably, things will not be done. If nothing is done, rituals and music will not be able to develop. Rituals and music will not be able to develop, the execution of punishment will not be able to appropriate. If the punishment is not appropriate, people will not know what to do. Therefore, a gentleman must have a name, must be able to speak clearly, and must be able to speak in an effective way. A gentleman is never sloppy in his words and actions.

JXM

Zi Lu asked: “If the ruler of Wei entrusted you with the management of his state, what would you do first?” Confucius said: "It is necessary to start by correcting the names.”. Jilu said, “Really? Isn't that a little weird? How would that fix it?” Confucius said, “How uneducated you are! When a leader does not understand what he is talking about, he should remain silent. If the names are wrong, then the words have no basis. When words do not correspond to the truth of things, nothing can be done successfully. When nothing can be done successfully, ritual and music will not flourish. When ritual and music do not flourish, punishments are not properly applied. When punishments and penalties are not applied properly, people do not know how to behave. Therefore, the leader must be able to give an appropriate name to what he wants to talk about, and must also be sure that he is doing exactly what he says. When it comes to the words of a leader, he should not allow any negligence.” 子路问："如果卫国的统治者委托你管理他的国家，你会先做什么？ 孔子说："有必要从纠正名字开始。”. "季禄说："真的吗？ 这不是有点奇怪吗？ 那该怎么解决呢？"孔子说："你多没教养啊！ 当一个领导者不明白他在说什么时，他应该保持沉默。 如果名字是错误的，那么这些词就没有依据了。 当言语与事物的真理不符时，没有什么可以成功地完成。 当没有任何事情可以成功完成时，仪式和音乐就不会蓬勃发展。 当仪式和音乐没有蓬勃发展时，惩罚就没有得到适当的应用。 当处罚和处罚没有正确应用时，人们不知道如何表现。 因此，领导者必须能够给他想要谈论的内容起一个适当的名字，并且还必须确保他正在做他所说的事情。 当谈到一个领导者的话时，他不应该允许任何疏忽。”

AR

子路问："如果魏国的统治者委托你管理他的国家，你会先做什么？"孔子说："我们需要从纠正名字开始。"季禄说："真的吗？ 这不是有点奇怪吗？ 这将如何解决这种情况？"孔子说：'你多没教养啊！ 当一个领导者不明白他在说什么时，他应该保持沉默。 如果名字是错误的，那么这些词就没有依据了。 当言语与现实不符时，没有什么可以成功地完成。 当没有任何事情可以成功完成时，仪式和音乐就不会蓬勃发展。 当仪式和音乐不蓬勃发展时，惩罚就不会得到适当的应用。 当惩罚和惩罚没有正确应用时，人们不知道如何表现。 因此，领导者必须能够给他想要谈论的内容起一个适当的名字，并且还必须确保他正在做他所说的事情。 当谈到一个领导者的话时，他不应该允许任何疏忽。” Zi Lu asked: “If the ruler of Wei entrusted you with the management of his state, what would you do first?” Confucius said: "We need to start by correcting the names.” Jilu said, “Really? Isn't that a little weird? How would this fix the situation?”Confucius said, 'How uneducated you are! When a leader does not understand what he is talking about, he should remain silent. If the names are wrong, then the words have no basis. When words do not correspond to reality, nothing can be done successfully. When nothing can be done successfully, ritual and music will not flourish. When ritual and music do not flourish, punishments are not applied properly. When punishments and penalties are not applied properly, people do not know how to behave. Therefore, the leader must be able to give an appropriate name to what he wants to talk about, and must also be sure that he is doing exactly what he says. When it comes to the words of a leader, he should not allow any negligence.”

ZYF

子路说：卫国王想你管理国家，首先你想做什么？孔子说：先我们必修正名。子路说：“有人这样做的吗？你太迂腐了。名怎么正啊？孔子说：由，你真的粗野！君子总是存疑对他不知道的事情。名不正，说的话就不顺当，什么事办不成，礼乐也不能兴盛，刑罚不会得当，刑罚不得当人类就不知道怎么办。这是为什么君子必修有名分，说得明白，说出来一定能够行好。君子对他自己说的话从来没有马虎。

Zi Lu said: king of Wei wants you to rule country, what would you do first ? Confucius said: first, we must rectificate names. Zi Lu said: Is there a men who has done this ? You are too pedantic. How to rectificate name ? Confucius said: You, you are truly rude! Junz is always suspicious of things he doesn't know. If the name isn't right, what's said won't be appropriate, nothing will be done, rituals and music will not develop, punishment will not be appropriate, and people will not know what to do if the punishment is not appropriate. That's why junzi must have a good reputation, speak clearly and be sure the good things will be done after he speak. Junzi is never careless about what he says.

ZQY

子路說：「如果衛國的君主等待您去執政，您首先要做的是什麽？」孔子說：「一定是糾正名分呀！」子路說：「是這樣的嗎？你太迂腐了，糾正名分有什麽用？」孔子說：「你太粗野了！君子對於不懂的事情，一般都採取保留意見。名分不正當，說話就不合理；說話不合理，事情就辦不成。事情辦不成，法律就不能深入人心；法律不能深入人心，刑罰就不會公正；刑罰不公正，則百姓手足無措，不知如何是好。所以領導做事必須說得通、說話必須行得通。領導說話，絕不隨便、馬虎。」 Zi Lu said, "The ruler of Wei has been waiting for you, in order with you to administer the government. What will you consider the first thing to be done?" The Master replied, "What is necessary is to rectify names." "So! indeed!" said Zi Lu. "You are wide of the mark! Why must there be such rectification?" The Master said, "How uncultivated you are, You! A superior man, in regard to what he does not know, shows a cautious reserve. If names be not correct, language is not in accordance with the truth of things. If language be not in accordance with the truth of things, affairs cannot be carried on to success. When affairs cannot be carried on to success, proprieties and music will not flourish. When proprieties and music do not flourish, punishments will not be properly awarded. When punishments are not properly awarded, the people do not know how to move hand or foot. Therefore a superior man considers it necessary that the names he uses may be spoken appropriately, and also that what he speaks may be carried out appropriately. What the superior man requires is just that in his words there may be nothing incorrect."

OYZ

子路曰：“卫君待子而为政，子将奚先？”子曰：“必也正名乎！”子路曰：“有是哉，子之迂也！奚其正？”子曰：“野哉由也！君子于其所不知，盖阙如也。孔子说：“你很简单吧？ 高尚的人不会对他不知道的事情妄下结论。” 孔子说：“如果术语不更正，那么所说的就无法遵循。 如果说的话不能遵循，那么工作就无法完成。 工作不能完成，礼乐就不能发展。 礼乐不能发达，刑罚就不合适。 刑罚不当，老百姓就寸步难行。 因此，君子必须将自己的术语运用到真实的语言中，言行一致。 君子之言，不能无定。

Zi Lu said, "The ruler of Wei has been waiting for you, in order with you to administer the government. What will you consider the first thing to be done?" The Master replied: "What is necessary is to rectify names." "So indeed!" said Zi Lu. "You are wide of the mark! Why must there be such rectification?" The Master said, "How ignorant you are, You! A superior man, in regard to what he does not know, shows a cautious reserve. If names are not correct, language is not in accordance with the truth of things. If language is not in accordance with the truth of things, affairs cannot be carried on to success. When affairs cannot be carried on to success, decency and music will not prosper. Rituals and music will not be able to develop, the execution of punishment will not be able to appropriate. If the punishment is not appropriate, people will not know what to do. Therefore, a gentleman must have a name, must be able to speak clearly, and must be able to speak in an effective way. A gentleman is never sloppy in his words and actions.

CMN

子路曰：“卫君待子而为政，子将奚先？”子曰：“必也正名乎！”子路曰：“有是哉，子之迂也！奚其正？”子曰：“野哉由也！君子于其所不知，盖阙如也。名不正，则言不顺；言不顺，则事不成；事不成，则礼乐不兴；礼乐不兴，则刑罚不中；刑罚不中，则民无所措手足。故君子名之必可言也，言之必可行也。君子于其言，无所苟而已矣。”

Zi Lu said, "The ruler of Wei has been waiting for you, in order with you to administer the government. What will you consider the first thing to be done?" The Master replied, "What is necessary is to rectify names." "So! indeed!" said Zi Lu. "You are wide of the mark! Why must there be such rectification?" The Master said, "How uncultivated you are, You! A superior man, in regard to what he does not know, shows a cautious reserve. If names be not correct, language is not in accordance with the truth of things. If language be not in accordance with the truth of things, affairs cannot be carried on to success. When affairs cannot be carried on to success, proprieties and music will not flourish. When proprieties and music do not flourish, punishments will not be properly awarded. When punishments are not properly awarded, the people do not know how to move hand or foot. Therefore a superior man considers it necessary that the names he uses may be spoken appropriately, and also that what he speaks may be carried out appropriately. What the superior man requires is just that in his words there may be nothing incorrect."

OY

子路曰：“卫君待子而为政, 子将奚先?” 子曰：“必也正名乎!” 子路曰：“有是哉，子之迂也! 奚其正?” 子曰：“野哉,由也!君子于其所不知，盖阙如也。 名不正，则言不顺; 言不顺，则事不成；事不成，则礼乐不典; 礼乐不典，则刑罚不中; 刑罚不中，则民无所错手足。故君子名之必可言也，言之必可行也”。君子于其 言，无所苟而已矣“。”

Zilu said: "The king of Wei is waiting for his son to lead the government, and the son will ridicule him first?" Confucius said: "Must he also rectify his name?" Zilu said: "That's right, the son is roundabout! Are you ridiculing his integrity?" Confucius said: "That's wild, because gentleman is like a building without knowing what he knows. If the name is not correct, the words will not go smoothly; if the words do not go well, the things will not be done; if the things are not done, the etiquette and music will not be up to standard; if the etiquette and music are not up to standard, the punishment will not be correct; the punishment will not be correct. If it fails, the people will have no faults. Therefore, the name of a gentleman must be something to be said, and what he says must be feasible." A gentleman only has no scruples in what he says."