User:Xiao Feiyan

I am a graduate student pursuing an MTI degree at Hunan Normal University, an institution with a rich academic history and a strong commitment to educational excellence. My program encompasses a variety of courses, including advanced translation skills, translation techniques, translation studies, and specialized translation subjects. These courses are designed to refine our language proficiency and enhance our practical abilities in the field of translation and interpretation. The curriculum also emphasizes real-world application, with opportunities for internships and collaborative projects that prepare us for the professional market.

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Final Paper

Ronghua-Velvet Flower Xiao Feiyan

Abstract: Velvet Flower, with a history of more than 1,000 years, is a traditional Chinese handicraft made of silk, originated in the Tang Dynasty. The craft of it includes many processes such as splitting, brushing and hooking, which requires a high degree of skill and patience. It is not only decoration, but also a work of art that carries traditional Chinese culture, as well as one of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. The protection and inheritance of it is supported by the government and all sectors of society. As a cultural symbol, it shows the artisan's love of life and nature, and contains the pursuit of beauty and the expression of feelings. It is an important part of the cultural tradition of the Chinese nation.

Introduction Velvet Flower is a collective name for velvet handicrafts, also known as velvet bird, court flower, auspicious flower. It is a kind of handcraft with silk as the main raw material, as harmonic as ‘Ronghua’, with the meaning of good luck and blessings.(Dong Jing, 2017) It’s originated in the Tang Dynasty and has a history of more than 1,000 years. It first appeared as a tribute to the court, and then was widely spread among the folk during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Its traditional production is divided into two schools: the Southern School and the Northern School. The southern school is represented by Nanjing, whose Velvet Flower is exquisite in shape and various in colors, full of the sense of southern elegance and delicacy. The northern school, represented by Beijing, is simple in shape and colourful. (Ge Mengjia, Liu Dawei, 2024:2) With the development of modern society, the art of its production has been facing the challenge of inheritance. In 2007, Nanjing Velvet Flower was named intangible cultural heritage of Jiangsu Province, and in 2009, Beijing Velvet Flower was selected in a municipal intangible heritage list. The online development trend of it is reflected in its promotion and marketing through new media platforms and its deep integration with the lifestyle of modern society. As an intangible cultural heritage, the protection and inheritance of it is supported by the government and all sectors of society.

Velvet Flowers Click[1] for original source.

Craft Procedure Velvet Flower craft, the production process of this traditional Chinese handicraft, is a complex and delicate art. The process includes splitting, brushing, hooking, cutting, rubbing, tipping, ironing, shaping and sticking. It uses silk as the main material, and firstly undergoes the step of boiling in alkaline water to form soft and firm cooked velvet, when controlling the time and fire to prevent the silk from rotting too much is particularly critical. The cooked velvet is then dyed according to the colour of the desired velvet flower and dried on bamboo poles, which are constantly turned to ensure uniformity of colour. The dyed silk is split, lined up and combined with brass wire, which is brushed flat and evenly to form a velvet band. After special treatment, the brass wire is twisted with the velvet tape to form a spiral velvet strip, which is the basic component of the velvet flower. The velvet strips are processed into various shapes through ironing, pointing and other steps, and finally, through the process of shaping, i.e., using tweezers to shape the velvet strips that have been pointed and combining them, and supplemented with materials such as lead wire, leather paper, beads, etc., combining the velvet strips with beads, gold and silver and other materials, called ‘sticking the flowers’, to produce the finished products of the velvet flowers. The production process not only requires craftsmen to have superior skills and infinite patience, but also reflects the ultimate pursuit of details in every step, making Velvet Flower not only decorative, but also a work of art that carries traditional Chinese culture. The Velvet Flower embody the spirit of ‘skill to carry the way’, and the ‘fineness’ and ‘precision’ of the craftsmanship through the core of its production spirit. (Zhou Shang, 2017:42)

Historical Development Velvet Flowers are traditional Chinese handicrafts with a long history and rich cultural connotations. The following is a brief overview of the historical development of it: Origin and Early Development The history of Velvet Flowers can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty, and is said to have begun as a tribute to the court of the Tang Dynasty more than 1,000 years ago. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, it was already present in the court life and was called ‘palace flowers’. Its name means ‘glory and splendour’, implying richness and good luck, always blooming, is a representative of the rich culture. Prosperity in the Ming and Qing Dynasties In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the development of Velvet Flowers was in boom. The court established ‘Jiangning Weaving Bureau’ to weave the silk fabrics needed by the court, including the Velvet Flowers. The production of Nanjing Velvet Flower crafts was at a considerable scale as early as the Ming and Qing dynasties. For its peak period ruled by Kangxi and Qianlong, two emperors during the Qing dynasties, businessmen from Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Henan provinces and other places often went to Nanjing province to purchase the Velvet Flower. Prosperity in the Republic of China During the Republic of China, the Velvet Flower industry continued to prosper. At the south of the Nanjing city, there were a lot of Velvet Flower shops, which formed as the ‘Flower Market Street’, ‘Velvet Flower Street’ and other streets. Yangzhou also had the Wanzi Street as the center for the production and sales of Velvet Flower. During this period, the Velvet Flower industry benefited from the development of Nanjing Yunjin industry, which produced a large amount of silk scraps, providing sufficient raw materials for the production of the Velvet Flower. Changes after the founding of New China After the founding of New China, the Velvet Flower industry experienced ups and downs. In order to speed up the recovery of the handicraft industry, the government helped set up co-operatives, including the Craft Velvet Gift Flower Co-operative, so the Velvet Flower industry was able to make a comeback, and was warmly received and highly praised in the Nanjing Arts and Crafts Exhibition at that time. (Yang Zhihong, Yang Yongmei, 2024:91) There was a great breakthrough in its style and technology, and a large number of exquisite handicrafts were produced and exported overseas. However, around the 1990s, as the crafts of the Velvet Flower lacked innovation and remained at the level of traditional skills in the past, the market demand dwindled, and its productive conservation was difficult to achieve. (Chen Yuyuan, 2019: 34) Protection and Inheritance of Intangible Cultural Heritage In recent years, with the increasing awareness of intangible cultural heritage protection, the Velvet Flowers have been rated as intangible cultural heritage and have received much attention again. Nanjing Velvet Flower was listed as provincial intangible cultural heritage in 2007, which has received extensive attention from society and scholars. To sum up, the historical development of Velvet Flower has gone through the process from palace tribute to the popular decoration among the folk, and then to the protection of intangible cultural heritage in modern times. It is not only a representative of traditional Chinese handicrafts, but also an important part of traditional Chinese culture.

Symbolic significance Velvet Flower was initially used only in the court and later spread to the folk. Compared with the initial meaning of high position and great wealth, the folk give it more new meaning and wishes. The modelling and content are also more use of folk auspicious themes, to express the meaning of auspicious blessings, in order to pray for good luck, to ward off evil spirits. In the wedding ceremony, Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, the folk generally have the custom of decorating with it. Each Velvet Flower is different, showing the beauty of different colours. Velvet Flowers are all handmade by craftsmen through a series of complicated procedures, and the exquisite beauty of Velvet Flower can be reflected in the details. (Chen Huiyan, 2020: 163) As a traditional handicraft, Velvet Flower not only shows the wisdom and creativity of Chinese people, but also embodies the deep heritage of Chinese culture. With exquisite craftsmanship and unique aesthetics, it is widely used in court dress, ceremonies and daily life, as an important way of cultural inheritance. In addition, as cultural symbols, it conveys people's pursuit of beauty and expression of feelings, and shows craftsmen's love of life and nature. As an intangible cultural heritage, it is not only a unique representative of local culture with high artistic value and auspicious symbolism, but also an important part of the excellent cultural tradition of the Chinese nation. It has become an important cultural link between history and contemporary times. 

Terms and Expressions velvet flower 绒花 velvet bird绒鸟 court flower宫花 auspicious flower喜花 skill to carry the way技以载道 Jiangning Weaving Bureau江宁织造府

Questions (1)What is Velvet Flower? (2)What steps does the production procedure of Velvet Flower include? (3)What is the significance of Velvet Flower? Answers (1) Velvet flower, a collective name for velvet handicrafts, also known as velvet bird, palace flower, auspicious flower, is a kind of handcraft with silk as the main raw material, as harmonic as ‘Ronghua’, has the meaning of good luck and blessings. (2)The process includes splitting, brushing, hooking, cutting, rubbing, tipping, ironing, shaping and sticking. (3)As a traditional handicraft, Velvet flower not only shows the wisdom and creativity of Chinese people, but also embodies the deep heritage of Chinese culture. With exquisite craftsmanship and unique aesthetics, it is widely used in court dress, ceremonial occasions and daily life, as an important way of cultural transmission. In addition, as cultural symbols, it conveys people's pursuit of beauty and expression of emotions, and show craftsmen's love of life and nature. As an intangible cultural heritage, it is not only a unique representative of local culture with high artistic value and auspicious symbolism, but also an important part of the excellent cultural tradition of the Chinese nation. It has become an important cultural link between history and contemporary times.

References [1]Ge Mengjia,Liu Dawei. Traditional Production Techniques of Velvet Flower and Current Situation of Inheritance[J].Chemical Fiber & Textile Technology,2024,53(04)：2 [2]Zhou Shang. Research on Cultural Connotation and Decorative Design of Nanjing Silk Flower[D]. Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2017：42. [3]Dong Jing.Velvet[M].Chongqing:Chongqing Publishing House,2017. [4]Yang Zhihong,Yang Yongmei,Tian Ning. Research on the Creative Transformation of Nanjing Velvet Flower under the Perspective of Culture and Tourism Integration[J].New Chu Culture,2024(04):91 [5]Chen Yuyuan.Research on the lnheritance and Development of Nanjing silk Flower under the Perspective of Rural Revitalization[J]. Rural Technology,2019(5):34. [6]Chen Huiyan. On the Aesthetic Value of the Intangible Culture heritage Nanjing Silk Flower[J]. Sinogram, 2020(S1):163.

AI statement  I used AI chatbot to edit the paper in Chinese first and then translated it into the English version. So for the AI statement, the following English statement is translated from the prompts written by Chinese.

To help me write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: Kimi I have prompted the chatbot with the following prompts: You are now a Chinese culture research expert with rich academic experience and expertise in Chinese culture related fields. Now you are required to write an academic paper on the Velvet Flower. The main framework of the paper will be divided into introduction, production process, historical development and significance. Please start by writing the introduction part of the paper in about 300 words, which introduces the Velvet Flower in a concise and precise manner, about 400 words on the production process, about 1,000 words on the historical development, and about 300 words on its value and significance. It is required to be logical and clear, with well-founded arguments, and in line with academic norms. （你现在是一名中国文化研究专家，在中国文化相关领域拥有丰富的学术经验与专业知识。现在你需要写一篇关于绒花的学术论文，论文的主要框架会分为简介、制作流程、历史发展和绒花的意义，请先用300字左右撰写论文的简介部分，简洁、精确地介绍绒花，400字左右讲述制作流程，1000字左右讲述历史发展，300字左右讲述其价值和意义。要求逻辑清晰，论点有据，符合学术规范。）

I found the following problems with the outcome: 1.The production process and historical development parts were very clear and concise, but the contents of the introduction and significance parts touched upon the information with the production and historical development, which I only expected a short and concise part to play their introduction and conclusion of the significance role. 2. the references were not really good enough to support the content.

I have adjusted the output by the following measures: 1. About the content, I sent their separate prompt to obtain every part one by one, the revised prompts are as follows: You are now a Chinese culture research expert with rich academic experience and expertise in Chinese culture related fields. Now you need to write an academic paper on the velvet flower. Please start by writing the introduction part of the paper in about 300 words, which should be a concise and precise introduction of what the velvet flower is, the discussion and attention of the network on it, and its being listed as the Intangible Cultural Heritage. （你现在是一名中国文化研究专家，在中国文化相关领域拥有丰富的学术经验与专业知识。现在你需要写一篇关于绒花的学术论文，请先用300字左右撰写论文的简介部分，要求简洁、精确地介绍绒花是什么，绒花的网络发展态势以及它作被列入非物质文化遗产的情况。）

Very good. Now please tell us about the process of velvet flower craft in about 400 words, which should be logical and in line with academic style. （非常好。现在请用400字左右的篇幅讲述绒花工艺的工艺流程，要求逻辑清晰，符合学术风格。）

You are now an expert in Chinese cultural studies and now you need to write a research paper on the velvet flower, please briefly summarize the significance of it in about 1,000 words. （你现在是一名中国文化研究专家，现在需要写一篇关于绒花的研究报告，请用一千字左右简要概述绒花的意义。）

Right. Please now tell us about the significance of velvet flower in about 300 words, in line with academic style and presented objectively. This is presented here as the final paragraph of the paper, so please do not summarize it in points, but make it into one paragraph of about 300 words in length. （好的。请现在用300字左右讲述绒花的意义，符合学术风格，客观表述。 请不要对绒花作简介，而是对绒花的价值和意义作概况。 这里是作为论文最后一段，所以请不用分点概括，而是将其融合成一个段落，篇幅300字左右。）

As an academic research expert, please read the following paper and write an abstract of about 250 words in Chinese for it, which is required to be concise, precise and in line with academic norms. （作为学术研究专家，请阅读以下论文，为其撰写一份250字左右的中文摘要，要求简洁、精确，符合学术规范。）

2.About the references problem, I manually corrected the information about the year of 2007 when the Velvet Flower was listed as intangible cultural heritage of Jiangsu Province, not the 2006 mentioned by AI. Also, all the references as well as the illustration are manually searched and used in the paper as those used by AI not really in line with academic standards. references : Ge Mengjia,Liu Dawei. Traditional Production Techniques of Velvet Flower and Current Situation of Inheritance[J].Chemical Fiber & Textile Technology,2024,53(04)：2 Zhou Shang. Research on Cultural Connotation and Decorative Design of Nanjing Silk Flower[D]. Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2017：42. Dong Jing.Velvet[M].Chongqing:Chongqing Publishing House,2017. Yang Zhihong,Yang Yongmei,Tian Ning. Research on the Creative Transformation of Nanjing Velvet Flower under the Perspective of Culture and Tourism Integration[J].New Chu Culture,2024(04):91 Chen Yuyuan.Research on the lnheritance and Development of Nanjing silk Flower under the Perspective of Rural Revitalization[J]. Rural Technology,2019(5):34. Chen Huiyan. On the Aesthetic Value of the Intangible Culture heritage Nanjing Silk Flower[J]. Sinogram, 2020(S1):163.

绒花 摘要：绒花，一种以蚕丝为原料的中国传统手工艺品，起源于唐朝，具有超过千年的历史。绒花工艺包括劈绒、刷绒、勾条等多个精细工序，要求极高的技艺和耐心。绒花不仅是装饰，更是承载中国传统文化的艺术品，也是非物质文化遗产。绒花的保护和传承得到政府和社会各界的支持，旨在确保这一传统技艺得以流传和发展。绒花作为文化符号，展现了工匠对生活和自然的热爱，蕴含了人们对美的追求和情感的表达，是中华民族优秀文化传统的重要组成部分。 简介 绒花，是绒制工艺品的统称，又称绒鸟、宫花、喜花，是一种以蚕丝为主要原料的手工饰品，谐音“荣华”，有吉祥、祝福的寓意。（董静，2017）它起源于唐朝，距今已有超过千年的历史，最初作为宫廷贡品出现，后在明清时期广泛流传于民间。传统绒花制作分为南派和北派两个流派。南派绒花以南京为代表，其绒花造型精致，色彩柔和而丰富，充满了南方婉约细腻之感。北派绒花以北京为代表，其造型简洁，配色艳丽，显得古朴大方。（葛梦嘉,刘大玮，2024:2）随着现代社会的发展，绒花的制作技艺面临着传承的挑战，但在2007年，南京绒花被评为江苏省非物质文化遗产，2009年北京绒鸟（绒花）入选市级非遗名录。绒花的网络发展态势体现在其通过新媒体平台的推广和营销，以及与现代社会生活方式的深度融合。绒花作为非物质文化遗产，其保护和传承工作得到了政府和社会各界的支持，旨在确保这一传统技艺得以流传和发展。 工艺流程 绒花工艺，是一项中国传统手工艺品的制作工艺，包括劈绒、刷绒、勾条、剪绒、搓绒、打尖、烫绒、传花、粘花等工序。它以蚕丝为主要原料，首先要经过碱水煮熟的步骤，形成柔软结实的熟绒，这时需要控制好时间和火候，防止蚕丝过烂。然后，根据所需的绒花颜色对熟绒进行染色，并在竹竿上晾干，为确保颜色均匀一致期间需要不断翻动竹竿。染色后的丝绸要劈开、排匀并与黄铜丝线结合在一起，通过刷平、刷匀，形成绒带。经过特殊处理后，铜丝与绒布带缠绕在一起，形成螺旋状的绒布条，这就是绒花的基本组成部分。绒条经过熨烫、打尖等步骤加工成各种形状，最后通过传花工序，即用镊子将打尖后的绒条定型组合，并辅以铅丝、皮纸、料珠等材料，将绒条与珠翠、金银等材料组合，这个过程称为 “贴花”，最终制作出绒花成品。绒花的制作过程不仅需要工匠们拥有高超的技艺和无限的耐心，更体现了每一个环节对细节的极致追求，使得绒花不仅具有装饰性，更是一件承载着中国传统文化的艺术品。南京绒花体现了“技以载道”的精神，制作工艺的“细”与“精”贯穿其制作精神的内核。（周尚，2017:42） 历史发展 绒花是中国的传统手工艺品，具有悠久的历史和丰富的文化内涵。以下是关于绒花历史发展的简要概述： 起源与早期发展 绒花的历史可以追溯到唐代，相传始于唐朝的宫廷贡品，距今已有1000多年的历史。唐代末年，绒花已出现于宫廷生活，被称为“宫花”。绒花谐音“荣华”，寓意富贵吉祥、常开不败，是富贵文化的代表。 明清时期的兴盛 到了明清时期，绒花的发展盛极一时。朝廷特设“江宁织造府”织造宫廷所需丝织品，绒花作为其中之一。南京绒花工艺早在明清时代就已具相当规模，康熙、乾隆年间为极盛时期，安徽、江西、湖北、河南等地商人经常到南京采购绒花工艺品。 民国时期的繁荣 民国时期，绒花行业继续繁荣。南京城南一带绒花店铺林立，形成了“花市大街”、“绒庄街”等街道，扬州也有湾子街为绒花制作、销售的中心。这一时期，绒花产业得益于南京云锦行业的发展，产生了大量的蚕丝下脚料，为绒花制作提供了充足的原材料。 新中国成立后的变化 新中国成立后，绒花产业经历了起伏。为加速手工业恢复，政府帮扶成立合作社，其中便有工艺绒礼花合作社，绒花行业得以东山再起，并在当时的“南京工艺美术展”中得到了热烈反响和高度赞扬。（杨志宏,杨咏梅，2024：91）在作品风格、技术上有很大突破，产出了大量精美的工艺品，并远销海外。然而，20世纪90年代前后，手艺缺乏创新，依旧停留在以往传统技艺层面，闭门造车缺乏源源不断的动力，市场需求日渐萎缩，生产性保护难以实现。（陈玉元，2019：34） 非物质文化遗产的保护与传承 近年来，随着非物质文化遗产保护意识的增强，绒花被评为非物质文化遗产，重新受到人们的关注和重视。南京绒花在2007年被列为省级非物质文化遗产，受到社会和学者的广泛关注。绒花的保护与传承工作受到社会的广泛关注。 综上所述，绒花的历史发展经历了从宫廷贡品到民间普及，再到现代的非物质文化遗产保护的过程。它不仅是中国传统手工艺的代表，也是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。 绒花的意义 绒花最初只在宫中使用，到后来才流传至民间。相比于最初绒花的“绒花富贵”之意，百姓们赋予绒花更多的新意和祝愿，绒花的造型与内容也多选用民间祥瑞题材，表达吉祥祝福之意，借以祈福、辟邪。每逢婚嫁喜事、春节、端午节和中秋节，民间普遍有用绒花装饰的习俗。每一朵绒花都不尽相同，展现出不同颜色搭配或碰撞的色彩美。绒花都是由手艺人们纯手工制作，经过一系列繁复的工序流程，耗费心血、倾注感情制作而成，从细节处便能体现出绒花的精致之美。（陈慧燕，2020：163） 绒花要求精湛的工艺，富含独特的美感，广泛应用于宫廷服饰、礼仪场合和日常生活中，成为文化传承的重要方式。此外，它还是一种文化符号，展现了工匠们对生活和自然的热爱，蕴含了人们对美的追求和情感的表达。并且作为非物质文化遗产，它不仅具有极高的艺术价值和吉祥寓意，是地方文化的独特代表，也是中华民族优秀文化传统的重要组成部分。作为一种传统手工艺品，绒花不仅展现了中华民族的智慧和创造力，也体现了中华文化的深厚底蕴。绒花是连接历史与现代的重要文化纽带。

问题 1.什么是绒花？ 2.绒花制作工序有哪些步骤？ 3.绒花有什么意义？ 答案 1.绒花绒花，是绒制工艺品的统称，又称绒鸟、宫花、喜花，是一种以蚕丝为主要原料的手工饰品，谐音“荣华”，有吉祥、祝福的寓意。 2.绒花工艺制作过程包括劈绒、刷绒、勾条、剪绒、搓绒、打尖、烫绒、传花、粘花等。 3.绒花要求精湛的工艺，富含独特的美感，广泛应用于宫廷服饰、礼仪场合和日常生活中，成为文化传承的重要方式。此外，它还是一种文化符号，展现了工匠们对生活和自然的热爱，蕴含了人们对美的追求和情感的表达。并且作为非物质文化遗产，它不仅具有极高的艺术价值和吉祥寓意，是地方文化的独特代表，也是中华民族优秀文化传统的重要组成部分。作为一种传统手工艺品，绒花不仅展现了中华民族的智慧和创造力，也体现了中华文化的深厚底蕴。绒花是连接历史与现代的重要文化纽带。

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