User:Tang Xinyu

Hi, this is Eric from Changsha, Hunan Province, currently a postgraduate student in HUNNU. It's a great pleasure to meet you here.

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Table Manners Eric Tang Xinyu

Abstract China, known as the "Land of Etiquette" since ancient times, has a significant tradition of table manners that is closely linked to daily life. The origin of Chinese table manners can be traced back to the Zhou Dynasty, when a complete system had already been established, and it has evolved over thousands of years. Ancient table manners covered the entire process from inviting guests to dining, including principles such as "honoring the left and east" in seating arrangements. Modern table manners have simplified some details while retaining the essence, adapting to the fast-paced lifestyle. They mainly include seating protocols, eating manners, utensil usage, behavioral constraints, serving etiquette, waste disposal, and departure courtesies, embodying profound cultural connotations and social wisdom, and are a vivid reflection of the inheritance and development of Chinese etiquette culture. Key Words: table manners, traditional Chinese culture, Chinese etiquette,

Main part China has long enjoyed an international reputation of the "Land of Etiquette" since ancient times, and in its vast traditional etiquette culture, table manners are an indispensable part and the most closely related to the daily lives of the people. As the saying goes, 'Food is paramount to the people', which fully reflects the Chinese nation's emphasis on eating. China’s dining etiquette has a long history. According to historical records, during the Zhou Dynasty, a fairly complete dining etiquette system had already been formed, and it evolved over the following centuries. In general, the traditional dining etiquette in ancient China included a complete set of processes from inviting guests to the dining process. The host send an invitation first and waited outside the door when the guests were coming. When they arrived, the host and the guests would exchange greetings. Then, the host guided the guests to the living room to sit for a little while, serving them with tea and refreshments. Once the guests had all arrived, the host guided them to their seats at the table, with the first seat on the left side as the best, the one on the opposite side the second best. The one followed the best the third and the opposite fourth. When the guests were all seated, the host made a toast and serve dishes to the guests and the guests thanked the host with courtesies such as the fist and palm salute. After evolution, modern dining etiquette as a whole is not much different from ancient times, but it eliminates some tedious details to adapt to the fast pace of modern times. Overall, it can be summarized as follows: Firstly, the etiquette of seating. Traditional Chinese culture emphasizes "respecting the left and respecting the east" and "respecting facing the gate", so the position facing the gate is the upper seat. The closer to the main seat, the more prestigious it is. If the distance is the same, the left side is more respected. But in modern life, Western etiquette is often borrowed, with the right side being respected and the most respected guest sitting on the right side of the host. The host should guide the guests to their seats first, then the elders. When sitting, enter from the left side of the chair. When seated, do not use chopsticks or make any noise, or get up and walk around. Secondly, do not make any noise while eating, and do not make any noise while drinking soup. When drinking soup, take small sips with a spoon. It is not advisable to hold the bowl to your mouth and drink it. When the soup is too hot, wait until it cools before drinking. Do not blow the soup and drink. It is not advisable to make a sound of chewing food, commonly known as "smacking mouth". Thirdly, chopsticks should not be inserted into the rice bowl as it is a way to offer tribute to the deceased. When picking up food, be careful before picking it up, and do not use chopsticks to stir the dish. Fourth, do not burp or make any other noises while eating. If there are involuntary sounds such as sneezing, you should say something to show your apology. Fifth, if you want to serve dishes to guests or elders, it is best to use serving chopsticks, or you can bring dishes that are far away from guests or elders to them. According to the customs of our Chinese nation, dishes are served one by one. If there are leaders, elderly people, and guests at the same table, ask them to eat first when a new dish is served, or take turns asking them to eat first, to show respect. Sixth, when you eat fish head, fish bones, bones, etc., put them in your own plate or on a paper. Seventh, it's best not to pick your teeth at the dining table. If you want to pick your teeth, you should cover your mouth with a napkin or your hand. Eighth, the number of dishes should be even, preferably auspicious numbers such as six or eight. In some regions, there are also rules regarding the order of serving dishes, such as not serving fish in the first or sixth place. Ninth, when leaving the table, one must express gratitude to the host or invite them to visit their home in the future as a gesture of gratitude.

Questions: 1. When sitting at a round table in ancient times, where should the most respected guest be seated? 2. When sitting at a round table, who should take the seat near the door? 3. Where should the host welcome the guests? 4. How should the host serve dished to the guests?

Answers: 1. Facing the door or on the left of the host. 2. The one with the lowest status. 3. At the door. 4. Serve with serving chopsticks or bring faraway dishes to them.

References: [1]杨洁.(2011).跨文化交际中的餐桌礼仪差异.文教资料(04),74-75. [2]朱之翼.(2023).世界各地的餐桌礼仪.英语画刊(高中版)(12),14-15. [3]王佳.(2011).跨文化交际下的中西饮食文化比较(硕士学位论文,黑龙江大学).硕士https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=WOTiXAdNI6N7PkeY2zIdacch3EAUR0WXYrdThxgpHbQxCLPXErb8AfkDbX_AXSa9XZhA_Yr26Z39yOB4HsoFG1Z4W5j5j4ywy3ZjwbToerfRSitKQpxUm7LMaBRSMtlt0GsULOgvXpiTIzyIVePIF1SMB6IYOdCx0C7CWNGFdME1XGQuvYLvjdarAaTH7i4r&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS

中国自古以来在国际上享有“礼仪之邦”的美称，而在这浩如烟海的传统礼仪文化中，餐桌礼仪是不可或缺的一部分，也是与人民大众的日常生活联系最紧密的一部分。俗话说“民以食为天”，便充分体现了中华民族对于吃这件事的重视程度。 中国的餐桌礼仪源远流长，据文献记载，在周朝便已形成了一套相当完善的餐桌礼仪制度，而在之后的几千年中也有演变。总的来说，中国古代传统的餐桌礼仪包含了从邀请客人到用餐过程的一整套流程：主人折柬相邀，临时迎客于门外。宾客到时，互致问候，引入客厅小坐，敬以茶点。客齐后导客入席，以左为上，视为首席，相对首座为二座，首座之下为三座，二座之下为四座。客人坐定，由主人敬酒让菜，客人以礼相谢。 而经过演变之后，现代的餐桌礼仪整体上和古代相差不大，但省去了一些繁琐的需要注意的细节，以适应现代的快节奏。总体上可以总结为以下几点： 第一，入座的礼仪。中国传统文化讲究“尚左尊东”“面朝大门为尊”，因此正对着大门的位置是上上座。越靠近主座的位置越尊贵，以此类推。若距离相同，则左边尊于右边。但在现代生活中，也常借用西方礼仪，以右为尊，让主客坐在主人的右手边。先请客人入座上席，再请长者入座，客人旁依次入座。入座时要从椅子左边进入，入座后不要动筷子，更不要弄出什么响声来，也不要起身走动。 第二，吃饭时不要出声音，喝汤时也不要出声响。喝汤用汤匙一小口一小口地喝，不宜把碗端到嘴边喝，汤太热时凉了以后再喝，不要一边吹一边喝。不宜发出咀嚼食物的声音，也就是俗称的“吧唧嘴”。 第三，不能把筷子插在饭碗里，这是给逝者上贡的做法。夹菜时要看好再夹，不能用筷子在碟中翻找。 第四，进餐时不要打嗝，也不要出现其他声音。如果出现打喷嚏、肠鸣等不由自主的声响时，就要说一声“真不好意思”、“对不起”、“请原谅”之类的话以示歉意。 第五，如果要给客人或长辈布菜，最好用公筷，也可以把离客人或长辈远的菜肴送到他们跟前。按我们中华民族的习惯，菜是一个一个往上端的。如果同桌有领导、老人、客人的话，每当上来一个新菜时就请他们先动筷子，或着轮流请他们先动筷子，以表示对他们的重视。 第六，吃到鱼头、鱼刺、骨头等物时将它放到自己的碟子里或放在事先准备好的纸上。 第七，最好不要在餐桌上剔牙。如果要剔牙时，就要用餐巾或手挡住自己的嘴巴。 第八，菜的数量以双数为佳，最好是如六、八之类的吉利数字。在有些地区上菜的顺序也有讲究，如不能在第一个和第六个上鱼。 第九，最后离席时，必须向主人表示感谢，或者就此时邀请主人以后到自己家做客以示回敬。

问题: 1. 古代坐圆桌时,最尊贵的客人应该坐在哪里? 2. 坐圆桌时,靠门口的座位应该给谁坐? 3. 客人来时,主人应在哪里迎接? 4. 主人应该怎么给客人布菜?