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湖南师范大学2023级英语笔译研究生在读

Oct 31，2024

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Final paper(English version)

The Emotional Bearings and Cultural Connotations of the Moon Imagery in Song Lyrics

Le Yuxuan/Lydia

Abstract

Lyrics emerged in the early Tang Dynasty, and reached its peak in the Song Dynasty through the development of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. After the Song literati’s painstaking efforts, lyrics became fascinated. And in the process of painstaking creating, the Song people devoted more effort and energy to the creation of imagery. The selection, refinement, and use of imagery made Song lyrics colorful, thus reaching a higher aesthetic realm. The moon is the most widely used and culturally significant image in Song lyrics.

Main part

In lyrics, the moon is not just a purely natural landscape, but also a huge art basket and a carrier of emotions, which can carry many feelings in the world. The moon becomes a beautiful and perfect love, a warm hometown, and also the parting grief.

1.expressing one’s feelings through the moon

Love is an eternal theme. Song lyrics also contain many works depicting the innocent love life between men and women. In this kind of lyrics, the moon imagery is not only used to accentuate and render, but also used to symbolize the innocence of love between young men and women, thus giving human beings the enjoyment of beauty. For example, in He Zhu’s The Moon over the Western River, “Hand in hand to see the flowers on the deep path, shoulder to shoulder to wait for the moon on the slanting porch”, the “moon” and “flowers” reflect each other, which vividly describes the beauty of the moon and flowers when men and women are dating and gives people a charming impression. This is how the lyricist expresses the development of his emotion and spirit through the different symbolic meanings shown by the flower and moon imagery. There are also many words that use the moon to express the girls’ feelings, such as Yanshu’s Butterflies in Love with Flowers, “The moon, which knows not parting grief, sheds slanting light, through crimson windows all the night.”, which expresses the infinite loneliness and endless sadness of a young girl.（Shen 2008, 231）

In addition to expressing love through the moon, Song lyrics are also used to express friendship. “Lovers would grieve at parting as of old”. The melancholy and sadness of parting is inexpressible. Facing friends and relatives who are about to leave, we can only be “hand in hand we gaze at each other’s tearful eyes, and burst into sobs with words concealed on our lips”. The moon at this moment also carries poignant and sad tones.（Deng 2003, 67）

In the moon imagery, it mainly expresses the lovesickness of relatives in other places. One is the woman who sees the moon and misses her husband who is away on an expedition, and the other is the traveler who misses his relatives at home. In Li Qingzhao’s A Blooming Plum, “When it’s time that one person returnest, full moon shall fill my chamber with joy amidst.”, the woman’s inner boredom, loneliness, and sadness like strands of moonlight flowing down, which has become a masterpiece for the ages. From a cultural point of view, the emergence of this cultural mentality is closely related to the worship of “moon” and the psychological implication given to human beings by the power of nature. According to the relevant data, the worship of the moon already existed in the Zhou Dynasty, and the etiquette was very complicated. With the change of time, people’s sacrifices to the natural gods have been simplified, and the moon’s sacrifices have been gradually replaced by the forms of moon worship and moon appreciation. The Song Dynasty was the peak of the Mid-Autumn Festival. The unlimited love of the Song people for the moon created a large number of moon imagery, which was used to express people’s desire for reunion and happiness. This is precisely the essence of Chinese culture, which is very rich in characteristics and human charm, and is an important part of the cohesion of the Chinese nation. It is this deep cultural psychological structure that has maintained its long history and culture.（Shen 2008, 155）

2.expounding the philosophy of life through the moon

“The wine, the song, life goes on--but for how long?” Throughout the ages, what should be the pursuit of our life? This is a tortured philosophical mystery. Heidegger, the famous modern Western philosopher, once said that: Honestly, what is man? Try to put the earth in infinite space and compare to it, it is only a small sand in the air. Between it and another small sand, there is more than a mile of nothingness. This small sand is inhabited by a group of crawlers, confused so-called animated animals, and by a chance knowledge occurred. What is the extension of time and human life in the midst of all these millions of years? It is only a small movement of the second hand, and there is no reason why we should regard this being, which we call “mankind”, as unusual among the other endless beings.（Heidegger 1987, 159）

Many philosophers have exhausted their efforts and talents for it, but the lyricists found their answers from the beautiful and eternal natural image “moon”. By asking and exploring the moon, they express their pursuit of life and philosophical thinking. For example, in Su Shi’s Prelude to Water Melody, he asks “How long will the full moon appear?”, “What time of the year?”, and “Why then when people part, is the oft full and bright?”. The first question is intended to explain the inevitability of the defects of life by asking that the brightness of the moon cannot be eternal, and the moon has become a comparable body. The “what time” in the second question is not a specific question, and its answer is in the self-answer. Although the moon palace is beautiful, but “the high place is too cold”, which affirms the reality of life. The third question seems to be the confusion of the full moon, but in fact, “Men have sorrow and joy; they part or meet again; The moon is bright or dim and she may wax or wane.” It is the full comprehension of the inevitability of life’s shortcomings, and the individual’s ideals of the reality of life and the perception of the universe. （Shen 2008, 169）

3.establishment of the female world

The moon creates an aesthetic image of warmth. The moon, which comes from the glory of female society, embodies the aesthetic style of harmony, and is a model of feminine aesthetics. Poets expresses the themes of sentimentality, sadness and melancholy through the image of the moon, which is imbued with the spirit of traditional Chinese culture of being close to nature. The moon is both a reference for the human mind and a source of spiritual strength in the eternal theme of human life.

In addition, the moon is likewise seen in some Western cultures as a romantic representation. For example, in The Moon and Sixpence, the British writer Maugham believes that the moon symbolizes spiritual life and one’s artistic pursuits, while the sixpence symbolizes the material needs of food, rice, oil and salt. The moon becomes a symbol of beauty, art, and nobility, representing the opposition and separation from secular life, which overlaps with the meaning of the moon as a symbol of beauty and freedom in traditional Chinese culture, and constitutes cultural homogeneity in different cultural dimensions.（Maugham 1919）

Illustrations

File:Appreciation of the moon

Terms and Expressions

Song lyrics 宋词

Imagery 意象

Reunion and happiness团圆美满

The Moon over the West River《西江月》

Butterflies in Love with Flowers《蝶恋花》

A Blooming Plum《一剪梅》

Prelude to Water Melody《水调歌头》

Questions＆Answers

1. What is the most widely used and culturally significant images in Song lyrics?

A: The moon.

2. What are the connotations of “moon” in Song lyrics?

A: ① expressing one’s feelings through the moon; ② expounding the philosophy of life through the moon; ③ establishment of the female world.

3. In addition to expressing love with the help of the moon, what other feelings do poets express?

A: To express the love of friends and relatives in a different place.

4. What two kinds of people often express their love for their relatives through the moon?

A: Wives who miss their husbands who are away at war and a traveler who misses his family at home.

References

[1].Deng Guoguang. 邓国光. 《中国历代咏月诗词全集》[The Complete Collection of Chinese Moon Poems Throughout the Ages], 河南文艺出版社[Henan Literature and Art Publishing House], 2003.

[2].Liang Delin. 梁德林. 《古代诗词中的月亮意象》[The Moon Imagery in Ancient Poetry]，广西师院学报 [Journal of Guangxi Normal University], 1991.

[3].Martin Heidegger. 马丁·海德格尔. 形而上学导论 [Introduction to Metaphysics], 1987:159.

[4].Shen Zufen. 沈祖棻.《宋词赏析》[Appreciation of Song Lyrics], 中华书局[China Book Council], 2008.

[5].William Somerset Maugham. 威廉·萨默塞特·毛姆. 《月亮和六便士》(The Moon and Sixpence), 1919.

AI Statement

I hereby guarantee that I have not used the help of AI to write my final paper in this course.

Final paper(Chinese version)

宋词中“月”意象的情感承载和文化内涵

乐雨萱

摘要

词兴起于初唐，经过盛唐、晚唐五代的发展，到了宋代达到了它的鼎盛时期。在经历了宋代文人的苦心经营后，词达到了出神人化、炉火纯青的境地。宋人在精心苦雕、刻意经营的过程中，对意象的营造倾注了更多的心血和精力。意象的选择、提炼和运用，更使宋词五彩纷呈，进而达到更高的审美境界。月则是宋词中运用最广、文化意义最浓的一个意象。

主体

在词中，月亮并非仅仅是纯粹的自然景观，还是一只硕大无比的艺术空筐，一个情感的载体，它可以负载着人间各种各样的感情。月变成了美好圆满的爱情，温馨的故乡，也化成了劳燕分飞天各一方的离恨，远别故乡不得归的别绪。

1.借月抒怀

爱情是一个永恒的主题。宋词中也有很大一部分描写男女之间纯真爱情生活的作品。在这类表达爱情的词作中，月意象除了用来烘托渲染之外，也用来象征青年男女爱情的纯真，给人类以美的享受。例如，贺铸《西江月》“携手看花深径，扶肩待月斜廊”，“月”与“花”相映，生动地描写了男女约会时花光月影的情态，给人以旖旎的印象。词人就是这样通过花、月意象所显示的不同象征意义而表现出其情感精神的发展变化的。还有一类借“月”表达少女“闺情”的词，如晏殊《蝶恋花》“明月不谙离恨苦，斜光到晓穿朱户”，表现了少女无限的寂寞与无尽的悲哀。（沈祖棻 2008， 231）

除借月表达爱情之外，宋词还多用以表现友情。“多情自古伤别离”，离别时那种落没与惆怅的心情是无以表达的，面对即将离去的亲朋好友，只能是“执手相看泪眼，竟无语凝噎”。此时此刻的月亮也带有几分凄切伤感的色调。（邓国光 2003， 67）

在月意象中，其主要是表现亲人异地的相思。一是闺中之妇见月而思念远征在外的丈夫，二是游子思念在家里的亲人。李清照《一剪梅》中“雁子回时，月满西楼”，女子内心的无聊、孤独、丝丝哀愁如缕缕月光流泻下来，成为千古佳作。从文化的角度看，这种文化心态的产生，与“月”崇拜及“月”这种自然之力给予人类的心理暗示有着密切的关系。据有关资料记载，周代就已经有了对月亮的祭拜，并且礼仪是很复杂的。随着时代的变化，人们对于自然神灵的祭祀有所简化，对于月亮的祭祀也逐渐以拜月与赏月的形式来替代。宋代是中秋赏月的鼎盛时期，宋人对月亮的无限爱意营构了大量的月亮意象，借以抒写人们对团圆的渴望及美满幸福的向往。这正是中华民族文化中极富特色极具人情魅力的精华所在，是中华民族凝聚力的重要组成部分。正是这种深沉的文化心理结构保持了自己悠久的历史文化。（沈祖棻 2008， 155）

2.借月阐发人生哲理

“对酒当歌,人生几何？”古往今来，悠悠万世，人生的追求应该是什么样的？这是一个折磨人的哲理之谜。西方现代著名哲学家海德格尔曾说过这样一段话：“老实说，人是什么？试将地球置于无限的太空中，相形之下，它只不过是空中的一颗小沙，在它与另一小沙之间存在着一英里以上的空无，而这粒小沙上，住着一群爬行者、惑乱的所谓灵动性动物，在一个偶然的机会里发生了知识，在这万万年的时间之中，人的生命的时间的延伸又算什么？只不过是秒针的一次小小的移动，在其它无尽的存在物中，我们实在没有理由拈出我们称之为“人类”此一存在物而视作异乎寻常。”（海德格尔 1987， 159）

多少哲学家为之耗尽心血与才华,而词人们却从美好而永恒的自然意象“月”找到了自己的答案。他们通过问月、探月这种形式阐发了自己的人生追求和对哲理的思考。例如苏轼《水调歌头》中一问“明月几时有”,二问天上宫阙“今夕是何年”，三问“何事长向别时圆”。一问意在通过对明月光度不能永恒不减的追问，解释人生缺憾的必然性，月亮成了可比本体。二问中的“何年”不是对具体的质疑，结论在自答中，月宫虽美，却“高处不胜寒”，这等于对现实人生的肯定。三问貌似对月圆人不圆的困惑，实为“人有悲欢离合,月有阴晴圆缺”对人生缺憾必然性的充分理解,又是个体对现实人生的理想和对宇宙人生的感悟。（沈祖棻 2008， 169）

3.女性世界的同构

月亮创造了温馨、淡泊、朦胧的审美物象，月亮来自于女性社会的光辉,它体现了婉约和谐的美学风格，是阴柔美学的典范。作者通过“月”这个意象表达感怀、伤别、忧思等类主题，其中浸润着中国传统文化亲近自然的精神。月亮在人类这一永恒的生命主题中既是人类心灵的参照，又是人类获得精神力量的源泉之一。

此外，月亮在一些西方文化中同样被视为超越世俗的浪漫代表。例如英国作家毛姆在《月亮与六便士》中认为，月亮象征着精神生活，象征着一个人的艺术追求，而六便士则象征着柴米油盐的物质需求。月亮成为美、艺术、高贵的象征，代表着与世俗生活对立与区隔，这与中国传统文化当中月亮是美、自由的象征含义产生了重叠，构成了不同文化维度下的文化同质性。（毛姆 1919）

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