User:Qin Yi

Traditional Cuisine: Jiaodong Huabobo

Qin Yi 202470081596

Abstract

Jiaodong Huabobo are a traditional flour-based food in the Jiaodong region of Shandong Province. They embody both culinary culture and folk symbolic significance and have been listed as a national intangible cultural heritage. With a long history, Huabobo originated from sacrificial activities and later evolved into an important medium for festive ceremonies and rituals. Currently, Huabobo are confronted with challenges in both craftsmanship inheritance and commercialization. To achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to focus on cultivating inheritors, innovating products, adopting the strategy of "living inheritance" and providing policy support.

Introduction

Jiaodong Huabobo, a traditional flour-based food originating from the Jiaodong region of Shandong Province, is not only an integral part of the local culinary culture, but also a carrier of profound historical and cultural significance, recognized as an intangible cultural heritage. "Bobo" essentially refers to what we commonly call steamed buns, yet Jiaodong bobo are three to four times larger than regular steamed buns and are crafted into various shapes, resembling exquisite artworks. Huabobo, a type of bobo, is adorned with numerous lifelike designs, hence the name "Huabobo". It emboodies people's aspirations and pursuits for a better life and has evolved into a unique cultural symbol and artistic expression. Today, Jiaodong Huabobo has been designated as a provincial-level intangible cultural heritage in Shandong and successfully applied for national-level intangible cultural heritage representative project status in 2019, becoming an essential component of China's folk culture.

As an intangible cultural heritage, Jiaodong Huabobo is imbued with rich cultural connotations. In different festivals and life rituals, Huabobo is endowed with specific symbolic meanings: the "Shengchong-shaped Bobo" for the Spring Festival symbolizes bountiful harvests, the "Dragon and Phoenix-shaped Bobo" for weddings signifies a blissful marriage, and the "Peach-shaped Bobo of longevity" for birthday celebrations represents health and longevity.

Therefore, Jiaodong Huabobo has long transcended its role as mere folk food, evolving into a handicraft with artistic value and cultural significance, serving as an important window to showcase the traditional culture of the Jiaodong region. It not only embodies the wisdom of the working people, but also provides crucial materials for studying the dietary culture and folk beliefs of China's agrarian society.

Origin and Development

The history of Jiaodong Huabobo stretches far back, with its development closely interwined with the agrarian civilization and folk beliefs in the Jiaodong region. As early as the Neolithic Age, with the introduction of wheat cultivation, local residents began to create various shaped flour-based foods. Initially, these dough sculptures were mainly used for sacrifices to the sea god and ancestors, reflecting the ancestors' awe and worship of nature. Due to the limited wheat yield, offerings made from high-quality flour were particularly precious. Residents along the Jiaodong coast used wheat flour to craft oxen, sheep, pigs, and other animals for sacrifices to the sea god, pioneering the tradition of Jiaodong Huabobo. Later, Jiaodong locals also imitated the Huabobo used in sea god sacrifices to honor their ancestors and commemorate festivals.(Li Man 2024,18)

As time progressed, the functions of Huabobo expanded from sacrifices to festivals and life rituals. Literature from the Song Dynasty already contains records of dough sculptures being used during occasions such as the Spring Festival, weddings and birthdays. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the designs of Huabobo became more diverse, evolving from initial animal totems to themes like flowers and figures(Li Man 2024,18), becoming an important symbol of festival culture in the Jiaodong region. According to historical records, farmers in the Jimo area during the Ming Dynasty began making Huabobo during festivals and celebratory events to express their yearning and wishes for a better life(Xu Yanxi,Ma Xueliang 2025,203). On important festivals, every household would craft unique Huabobo, which were used not only for offerings to the gods, but also as gifts exchanges among relatives and friends.

In modern times, the sacrificial and blessing-seeking functions of Huabobo have gradually faded, yet its artistic value and cultural significance have become increasingly prominent. In 2006, Jiaodong Huabobo was included in the National List of Intangible Cultural Heritage, marking the formal protection of this traditional craft. Today, through skill training, exhibitions and displays, Huabobo not only inherits ancient production techniques, but also serves as an important vehicle for promoting excellent traditional culture. It has become a cultural link connecting the past and the present, showcasing the unique life wisdom and spiritual pursuits of the Jiaodong region.

Production Process

Jiaodong Huabobo are delicate and auspiciously symbolic pastries made from high-quality wheat flour through processes such as fermentation, shaping and steaming. The traditional production techniques involve the following six key steps:

Material and Tool Preparation

High-quality high-gluten or medium-gluten wheat flour is selected to ensure a chewy texture and stable shaping of the dough. Traditionally, "Qianzi" is used, which can also be supplemented with modern yeast for fermentation. Ingredients include lukewarm water, fresh milk, eggs, white sugar, alkaline noodles, peanut oil, etc. Natural colorants include red yeast rice, turmeric, spinach juice, purple sweet potato powder, etc. Tools required include mixing bowls, rolling pins, scissors, tweezers, bamboo skewers,combs and other shaping tools, as well as large iron pots, bamboo steamers, steamer liners and other steaming tools. A fine brush is also needed for coloring.

Preparing the "Qianzi"

Take 50g of cornmeal or wheat flour and mix it with a small amount of lukewarm water to form a paste. Cover it with a damp cloth or quilt to maintain a temperature of 25-30℃. Let it sit for 2-3 hours until small, dense bubbles appear on the surface and a slightly sour, alcoholic aroma is emitted, indicating successful fermentation. It the tmperature is too low, fermentation will be slow; if too high, the mixture may become overly sour. A basin of lukewarm water can be used to accelerate fermentation.

Kneading and Proofing the Dough

Mix the fermented "Qianzi" with flour in a ratio of 1:5. Add ingredients such as eggs, fresh milf, white sugar and peanut oil, gradually incorporating 40℃ lukewarm water to knead into a smooth dough. Cover the dough with a damp cloth and let it ferment in a warm place for 2-3 hours until it doubles in volume and develops a honeycomb-like texture inside. If the dough becomes too sour, add about 1g of alkaline noodles and knead thoroughly to neutralize the acidity.

Shaping the Buns

Take small portions of dough and mix in natural colorants, then let them sit for 10 minutes to allow the colors to even out. Shape the basic forms using techniques such as rolling, pinching and flattening. Use scissors to cut out fin and petal shapes, a comb to press feather textures and bamboo skewers to carve details. Decorative parts are made separately and attached to the main body with water, such as creating flowers, leaves and other decorations.

Steaming

After shaping, let the flower-shaped buns rest for 15 minutes for a second proofing. Fill a large iron pot with water and bring it to a boil. Line the steamer with a cloth, place the buns inside, ensuring proper spacing and steam for 30 minutes without lifting the lid. After turning off the heat, let the buns sit for 5 minutes before removing them from the pot.

Coloring and Drying

Once the flower-shaped buns have cooled completely, use a brush to apply natural colorants for detailed embellishments. After completion, place the buns in a well-ventilated, shady area to dry for 1-2 days to ensure thorough drying.

Customs and Uses

Jiaodong Huabobo carry rich folk culture and are widely used in customs such as Spring Festival celebrations, weddings, birthday celebrations and sea-worshipping ceremonies (Chu Junyou, 2024, 1).

Spring Festival

In the Jiaodong region, making Huabobo around the Spring Festival is an important tradition. The word "Sheng" in "Sheng Chong" Bobo is a homophone in the Jiaodong dislect for "Sheng", meaning "surplus", symbolizing abundant grain harvests and continuous surplus year after year(Wang Hui 2017,64). "Yuanbao" Bobo symbolizes wealth and is often used as offerings to ancestors or placed at the position of the God of Wealth, praying for prosperity. These Huabobo are mostly used for ancestral worship, offerings ti deities, or as gifts when visting relatives and friends to convey blessings.

Weddings

In traditional Jiaodong weddings, Huabobo are indispensable mascots, symbolizing a happy marriage and the wish for early birth of offspring. The groom's family presents the bride's family with a pair of "Dragon and Phoenix Bringing Auspiciousness" Bobo, implying harmony between the couple and a destined marriage. "Xi Bing" decorated with the Chinese character “囍” or mandarin duck patterns are distributed to relatives and friends to share the joy.

Birthday Celebrations

When celebrating the elders' birthday, people in Jiaodong make special Bobo with longevity themes to express wishes for health and longevity. Peach-shaped Bobo symbolize longevity and are often paired with patterns of pine cranes, bats, etc. Bobo shaped into the Chinese character “寿” (longevity) and surrounded by floral decorations are both solemn and festive.

Sea-Worshipping Ceremonies

Fishermen in the coastal areas of Jiaodong have a traditional practice of sea-worshipping and Huabobo are important offerings in these ceremonies."Fish-shaped" Bobo, symbolizing continuous surplus year after year, are used to pray for a bountiful fishing harvest. "Sea God" Bobo shaped like the Dragon King or Mazu express reverence and gratitude towards the sea gods. After the sea-worshipping ceremony, the Bobo are distributed to participants and neighbors to share the divine blessings and strengthen community cohesion.

Jiaodong Huabobo integrate cuisine, art and folk customs, serving as a carrier of the emotions and beliefs of the people in Jiaodong. From festive occasions to life rituals and from families to communities, these colorful dough sculptures not only satisfy the palate, but also continue the cultural memories passed down through generations.

Current Inheritance Status and Strategies

Current Inheritance Status

The inheritance status of Jiaodong Huabobo presents a multifaceted picture, with both positive development trends and certain challenges. Currently, active promotion is carried out through events such as cultural festivals and craft exhibitions. Some catering enterprises are attempting to innovate the shapes to attract young consumer groups. With the rise of e-commerce and the "China-chic" trend, Huabobo have frequently gained popularity beyond their local circles, attracting orders from both domestic and international markets. Additionally, some local areas in Jiaodong have leveraged the Huabobo culture to create characteristic towns. For example, Houjia Town in Wendeng District has established a "Huabobo Town", relying on its cultural heritage and solid industrial foundation to build a cultural and creative industry base, an entrepreneurial incubation platform, and an industrial aggregation park for Huabobo, enabling the products to reach all parts of the country and the world. However, its inheritance still faces numerous challenges: there is a shortage of successors for traditional craftsmanship, with a scarcity of young practitioners; during the commercializationprocess, there are phenomena such as excessive simplification of craftsmanship and misuse of industrial raw materials, leading to severe product homogenization and a gradual weakening of traditional characteristics (Xu Yanxi,Ma Xueliang 2025,203); in the inheritance process, the excavation and interpretation of its cultural connotations are not in-depth and systematic enough, resulting in some young people having insufficient awareness of its cultural value and lacking a sense of identity and inheritance consciousness for the Huabobo culture.

Inheritance Strategies

The inheritance and development of Jiaodong Huabobo require the construction of a comprehensive protection system.

In terms of inheritor training, establish an iheritor recognition and incentive mechanism, regularly hold master lectures and cross-regional exchange activities, set up non-material cultural heritage inheritance majors in vocational colleges, implement an "apprenticeship" training plan, and establish special scholarships to encourage young people to learn traditional craftsmanship.

At the product innocation level, form a professional research and development team. On the basis of retaining the essence of traditional craftsmanship, design shapes that blend traditional elements with modern aesthetics, establish standardized production processes and quality control systems, construct an marketing network combing "online e-commerce+offline experience stores", and create a cultural IP and brand matrix with regional characteristics.

In terms of cultural dissemination, adopt the strategy of "living inheritancee". The core of living inheritance lies in its dynamism and participatory nature (Xu Yanxi,Ma Xueliang 2025,202). Build a cultural and ecological protaction zone for Huabobo, develop immersive experience projects. By using virtual reality(VR), augmented reality(AR), and mixed reality(MR) technologies, the generation environment of Huabobo can be deeply simulated, combined with virtual reality intelligent modeling, retaining the details and immerses (Zhao Lili,Gao Yang 2024,11). Integrate traditional craftsmanship into labor education courses in primary and secondary schools, produce a series of documentaries and short video content, and hold international cultural exchange activities to enhance influence.

In terms of government support, formulate relevant policies to strengthen the protection and inheritance og Huabobo craftsmanship. For example, set up a special fund for non-material cultural heritage protection, formulate a traditional craftsmanship revitalization plan, establish an industry-university0research cooperation platform, provide tax reductions and interest subsidies on loans for compliant enterprises, form industry associations to set industry standards, and ensure the purity and sustainable development of traditional craftsmanship.

Terms and Expressions

1.Jiaodong Huabobo 胶东花饽饽

2.intangible cultural heritage 非物质文化遗产

3.steamed buns 馒头

4.folk culture 民俗文化

5.agrarian civilization 农耕文明

6.dough sculptures 面塑

7.sacrificial offerings 祭品

8.sea god worship 海神祭祀

9.festival culture 节日文化

10.traditional craftsmanship 传统技艺

11.high-gluten wheat flour 高筋小麦粉

12.natural colorants 天然色素

13.fermentation process 发酵过程

14.shaping techniques 塑形技术

15.steaming tools 蒸制工具

16.Spring Festival celebrations 春节庆祝

17.wedding customs 婚嫁习俗

18.longevity symbols 长寿象征

19.sea-worshipping ceremonies 祭海仪式

20.cultural and creative industry 文化创意产业

21.master-apprentice system 师徒制

22.standardized production 标准化产品

23.e-commerce platforms 电商平台

24.cultural IP 文化IP

25.living inheritance 活态传承

26.Dragon and Phoenix Bringing Auspiciousness 龙凤呈祥

27.Peach of Longevity 寿桃

28.immersive experience projects 沉浸式体验项目

Questions

1.How is Jiaodong Huabobo traditionally made?

2.What are the main challenges facing the inheritance of Jiaodong Huabobo today?

3.How is Jiaodong Huabobo used in different festivals and life rituals?

4.What strategies are proposed to promote the inheritance and development of Jiaodong Huabobo?

Answers

1.Jiaodong Huabobo is made through six key steps: material and tool preparation; preparing the "Qianzi"; kneading and proofing the dough; shaping the buns; steaming; coloring and drying.

2.A shortage of successors for traditional craftsmanship and a scarcity of young practitioners; excessive simplification of craftsmanship and misuse of industrial raw materials; severe product homogenization and a gradual weakening of traditional characteristics; relatively superficial excavation and interpretation of its cultural connotations.

3.During the Spring Festival, "Shengchong" Bobo symbolize harvest; "Dragon and Phoenix Bringing Auspiciousness" Bobo imply harmony between the couple and a destined marriage; Peach-shaped Bobo symbolize longevity; "Fish-shaped" Bobo are used to pray for a bountiful fishing harvest.

4.Strengthen training on young inheritors; form a professional research and development team; adopt the strategy of "living inheritancee"; formulate relevant policies to strengthen the protection and inheritance og Huabobo craftsmanship.

References

[1]初君友.胶东花饽饽习俗[J].春秋,2024,(01):2.[Chu Junyou.Customs of Jiaodong Huabobo[J]. Spring and Autumn,2024,(01):2.][1]

[2]郭馨蔚.舌尖上的艺术品：基于文献调研的21世纪胶东花饽饽民俗产物变迁[J].文化产业,2023,(17):7-9.[Guo Xinwei.Art on the Tip of the Tongue: The Evolution of Jiaodong Huabobo as a Folk Artifact in the 21st Century Based on Literature Research[J].Cultural Industry,2023,(17):7-9.][2]

[3]胡馨元.胶东花饽饽的文化功能与经济价值[J].炎黄地理,2025,(03):169-171.[Hu Xinyuan.Cultural Functions and Economic Value of Jiaodong Huabobo[J].Yanhuang Geography,2025,(03):169-171.][3]

[4]李曼.胶东“花饽饽”传承发展研究[D].华中师范大学,2024.DOI:10.27159/d.cnki.ghzsu.2024.001943.[Li Man. Research on the Inheritance and Development of Jiaodong "Huabobo" [D]. Central China Normal University, 2024. DOI:10.27159/d.cnki.ghzsu.2024.001943][4]

[5]王辉.胶东花饽饽的民俗与地域风格[J].中国艺术时空,2017,(06):63-67.[Wang Hui.The Folk Customs and Regional Characteristics of Jiaodong Huabobo[J].China Art Space-Time,2017,(06):63-67.][5]

[6]徐研茜,马学良.基于艺术设计的非遗活态传承与乡村产业融合研究——以胶东花饽饽为例[J].上海包装,2025,(02):201-203.DOI:10.19446/j.cnki.1005-9423.2025.02.060.[Xu Yanxi, Ma Xueliang. Research on the Dynamic Inheritance of Intangible Cultural Heritage and Rural Industry Integration Based on Artistic Design: A Case Study of Jiaodong Huabobo [J]. Shanghai Packaging, 2025, (02): 201-203. DOI:10.19446/j.cnki.1005-9423.2025.02.060.][6]

[7]Lili Z ,Yang G .An Exploration of the Dynamic Inheritance Path of Intangible Cultural Heritage Enabled by the Metaverse[J].Journal of Sociology and Ethnology,2024,6(6):[7]

AI Statement

To help me to write my final paper, I have used the following AI chatbot: DeepSeek.

Refinement of the Paper Outline

I gave the chatbot DeepSeek the following instruction: Please help me refine my paper outline.

I identified the following issue with the result: The output outline was not detailed enough. I revised my instruction to: Please further refine my paper outline, specifying it down to the second-level headings. Based on the refined outline, I did some more thinking and decided to divide the section on "Customs and Uses" into four aspects according to different occasions: Spring Festival, Weddings, Birthday Celebrations, Sea-Worshipping Ceremonies. I also renamed the section on "Inheritance Strategies" to "Current Inheritance Status and Strategies."

Technical Terminology Adjustment for "Production Process"

I gave the chatbot DeepSeek the following instruction: Please help me revise this colloquial description of the production process of Jiaodong Huabobo, using professional terminology and correcting any erroneous steps.

I found the following problem with the result: The output steps were somewhat sketchy and lacked specific operational guidance. I revised my instruction to: Please, on this basis, provide detailed operational guidance for each step, specifying the weight of materials and production time. After receiving the output again, I found the step descriptions too cumbersome, so I made some deletions myself, retaining only the key content.

Review of English Translation

I gave the chatbot DeepSeek the following instruction: Please cross-reference the Chinese text and help me check if there are any inappropriacies in the English text.

I identified the following issue with the result: The review did not take into account the consistency of terminology in English. For example, the term "胶东花饽饽” was translated as both "Jiaodong Flower-shaped Steamed Buns" and "Jiaodong Huabobo" in the English text. I revised my instruction to: Please cross-reference the Chinese text and help me check if there are any inappropriacies in the English text, paying particular attention to the consistency and accuracy of terminology. Eventually, I made some changes and optimizations to the translation myself.

传统菜肴：胶东花饽饽

秦怡 202470081596

摘要

胶东花饽饽是山东胶东地区的传统面食，兼具饮食文化与民俗象征功能，被列为国家级非物质文化遗产。其历史悠久，起源于祭祀活动，后发展为节庆礼仪的重要载体。当前，花饽饽面临技艺传承与商业化挑战，需通过传承人培养、产品创新、活态传承及政策支持实现可持续发展。

介绍

胶东花饽饽，这一源自山东胶东地区的传统面食，不仅是当地人民饮食文化的重要组成部分，更是承载着深厚历史与文化内涵的非物质文化遗产。饽饽就是我们通常所说的馒头，但是饽饽要比馒头大三四倍，被做成各种形状，就像工艺品一样。花饽饽是饽饽的一种，有许多栩栩如生的花样，所有称之为花饽饽。它不仅承载着人们对美好生活的向往和追求，更成为了一种独特的文化符号和艺术表现形式。如今，胶东花饽饽已被列为山东省省级非物质文化遗产，并在2019年成功申报国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目，成为了中国民俗文化的重要组成部分。

作为非物质文化遗产，胶东花饽饽承载着丰富的文化内涵。在不同节庆和人生礼仪中，花饽饽被赋予特定的象征意义：纯洁的“圣虫饽饽”寓意五谷丰登，婚庆的“龙凤饽饽”象征美满姻缘，寿宴的“寿桃饽饽”代表健康长寿。

因此，胶东花饽饽早已从单纯的民间食品发展为具有艺术价值和文化意义的手工艺品，成为展示胶东地区传统文化的重要窗口。它不仅体现了劳动人民的智慧，也为研究中国北方农耕社会的饮食文化和民间信仰提供了重要素材。

起源及发展

胶东花饽饽的历史源远流长，其发展与胶东地区的农耕文明和民间信仰密切相关。早在新石器时代，随着小麦种植的传入，当地居民便开始利用面粉制作各类造型的面食。最初，这些面塑主要用于祭祀海神和祖先，反映了先民对自然的敬畏和崇拜。由于小麦产量有限，优质面粉制成的祭品显得尤为珍贵，胶东沿海的居民们用小麦粉做成祭祀用的牛、羊、猪等祭祀海神，首开胶东花饽饽的先河。后来，胶东民间也模仿祭祀海神用的花饽饽来奉祀祖先、纪念节庆。（李曼，2024，18）

随着时间推移，花饽饽的功能从祭祀扩展到节庆和人生礼仪。宋代文献中已有关于面塑在春节、婚寿等场合应用的记载。明清时期，花饽饽的造型更加丰富多样，从最初的动物图腾发展为花卉、人物等题材（李曼，2024，18），成为胶东地区节日文化的重要象征。根据历史文献记载，明代即墨地区的农民在节庆和喜庆活动中开始制作花饽饽，以表达对美好生活的向往和祝愿（徐研茜，马学良，2025，203）。每逢重要节庆，家家户户都会制作独具特色的花饽饽，既用于供奉神灵，也作为亲友间互赠的礼物。

进入现代，花饽饽的祭祀、祈福功能逐渐淡化，但其艺术价值和文化意义日益凸显。2006年，胶东花饽饽被列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，标志着这一传统技艺得到正式保护。如今，通过技艺培训、展览展示等形式，花饽饽不仅传承了古老的制作工艺，成为弘扬优秀传统文化的重要载体，更成为链接过去与现在的文化纽带，展现了胶东地区独特的生活智慧和精神追求。

制作工艺

胶东花饽饽是以优质小麦粉为主料，通过发酵、塑形、蒸制等工艺，制作出造型精美、寓意吉祥的面食。其传统制作技艺包括以下六个关键步骤：

材料与工具准备

选用优质高筋或中筋小麦粉确保面团筋道、塑形稳定。传统采用玉米面或小麦面发酵的“欠子”，也可搭配现代酵母辅助发酵。配料包括温水、鲜牛奶、鸡蛋、白砂糖、碱面、花生油等。天然色素使用红曲米、姜黄、菠菜汁、紫薯粉等。工具需要和面盆、擀面杖、剪刀、镊子、竹签、梳子等塑形工具，以及大铁锅、竹制蒸笼、笼布等蒸制工具，还需准备细毛笔用于上色。

打欠子

取50g玉米面或小麦面加少量温水调成糊状，覆盖湿布或棉被保温，保持25-30℃环境。静置2-3小时，待表面冒出密集小气泡，散发微酸酒香即发酵成功。温度过低发酵慢，过高易发酸，可用温水盆加速发酵。

和面与醒发

将发酵好的欠子与面粉按1：5比例混合，加入鸡蛋、鲜奶、白糖、花生油等配料，逐步加入40℃温水揉成光滑面团。面团覆盖湿布置于温暖处发酵2-3小时，至体积2倍大且内部呈蜂窝状。若面团过酸，需加入约1g碱面揉匀中和酸味。

形体塑造

分取小块面团调入天然色素，静置10分钟使颜色均匀。通过搓、捏、擀等手法塑造基础造型。使用剪刀剪出鱼鳍花瓣，梳子压出羽毛纹理，竹签刻画细节。装饰部件单独制作后用清水粘贴到主体上，如制作花朵、叶片等装饰物。

蒸制

塑形后的花饽饽需静置15分钟进行二次醒发。大铁锅加水烧开，铺笼布后放入花饽饽，注意留出适当间隙，蒸制30分钟，中途不得揭盖，关火后焖5分钟再出锅。

上色与晾晒

待花饽饽完全冷却后，可用毛笔蘸取天然色素进行细节修饰。完成后置于通风阴凉处晾晒1-2天，确保彻底干燥。

习俗与用途

胶东花饽饽承载着浓厚的民俗文化，广泛应用于新年、婚嫁、祝寿、祭海等习俗中（初君友，2024，1）。

新年

在胶东地区，春节前后制作花饽饽是重要的年俗。“圣虫”饽饽的“圣”，胶东谐音“剩”，意为“剩余”，寓意五谷丰登，连年有余（王辉，2017，64）。“元宝”饽饽象征财富，常用于供奉祖先或摆放在财神位，祈求财运亨通。这些花饽饽多用于祭祀祖先、供奉神灵，或作为走亲访友的礼品，传递祝福。

婚嫁

在胶东传统婚礼中，花饽饽是必不可少的吉祥物，象征婚姻美满、早生贵子。新郎家送新娘家一对“龙凤呈祥”饽饽，寓意夫妻和谐、姻缘天定。装饰有“囍”字或鸳鸯图案的“喜饼”分赠亲友，分享喜悦。

祝寿

为长辈祝寿时，胶东人会特制寿主题花饽饽，表达对健康长寿的祝愿。桃形面点“寿桃”饽饽象征长寿，常搭配松鹤、蝙蝠等图案。面团捏成的“寿字”饽饽周围点缀花卉，庄重又喜庆。

祭海

胶东沿海地区渔民自古有祭海传统，花饽饽是祭典中的重要供品。象征年年有余的“鱼形”饽饽祈求渔业丰收。塑造龙王或妈祖形象的“海神”饽饽表达对海神的敬畏与感恩。祭海仪式后，饽饽会分给参与者和邻里，共享神佑，强化社区凝聚力。

胶东花饽饽融合了饮食、艺术与民俗，是胶东人情感与信仰的载体。从年节到人生礼仪，从家庭到社区，这些五彩斑斓的面塑不仅满足了味蕾，更延续着世代相传的文化记忆。

传承现状与策略

传承现状

胶东花饽饽传承现状呈现出多面性，既有积极的发展态势，也面临一些挑战。目前通过举办文化节、工艺展览等活动积极推广，部分餐饮企业尝试创新造型以吸引年轻消费群体。随着电商兴盛、国潮兴起，花饽饽频频出圈，国内外订单纷至沓来。另外，胶东地区的一些地方借助花饽饽文化打造特色小镇，如文登区侯家镇打造了“花饽饽小镇”，依托文化底蕴和良好的产业基础，打造花饽饽文创产业基地、创业孵化平台、产业集合园区，让花饽饽产品走向全国和世界各地。然而其传承仍面临诸多挑战：传统技艺后继乏人，年轻从业者稀缺；商业化进程中存在过度简化工艺、滥用工业原料等现象，导致产品同质化严重，传统特色逐渐弱化（徐研茜，马学良，2025，203）；在传承过程中，对其文化内涵的挖掘和阐释还不够深入和系统，导致一些年轻人对其文化价值认识不足，缺乏对花饽饽文化的认同感和传承意识。

传承策略

胶东花饽饽的传承与发展需要构建全方位的保护体系。

在传承人培养方面，建立传承人认定与激励机制，定期举办大师讲堂和跨区域交流活动，在职业院校开设非遗传承专业，实施“学徒制”培养计划，同时设立专项奖学金鼓励年轻人学习传统技艺。

在产品创新层面，组建专业研发团队，在保留传统工艺精髓的基础上，设计融合传统元素与现代审美的造型，建立标准化生产流程与质量控制体系，构建“线上电商+线下体验店”的营销网络，打造具有地域特色的文化IP和品牌矩阵。

在文化传播方面，采取“活态传承”策略，活态传承的核心在于其动态性和参与性（徐研茜，马学良，2025，202）.建设花饽饽文化生态保护区，开发沉浸式体验项目，借助虚拟现实（VR）、增强现实（AR）和混合现实（MR）技术，可深度模拟花饽饽的生成环境，结合虚拟现实智能建模技术保留细节与沉浸感（赵丽丽，高阳，2024，11），将传统技艺融入中小学劳动教育课程，制作系列纪录片和短视频内容，举办国际文化交流活动提升影响力。

在政府支持方面，制定相关政策，加强对花饽饽技艺的保护和传承。例如，设立非遗保护专项基金，制定传统工艺振兴计划，建立产学研合作平台，对合规企业给予税收减免和贷款贴息，组建行业协会制定行业标准，确保传统技艺的纯正性和可持续发展。

术语与表达

1.Jiaodong Huabobo 胶东花饽饽

2.intangible cultural heritage 非物质文化遗产

3.steamed buns 馒头

4.folk culture 民俗文化

5.agrarian civilization 农耕文明

6.dough sculptures 面塑

7.sacrificial offerings 祭品

8.sea god worship 海神祭祀

9.festival culture 节日文化

10.traditional craftsmanship 传统技艺

11.high-gluten wheat flour 高筋小麦粉

12.natural colorants 天然色素

13.fermentation process 发酵过程

14.shaping techniques 塑形技术

15.steaming tools 蒸制工具

16.Spring Festival celebrations 春节庆祝

17.wedding customs 婚嫁习俗

18.longevity symbols 长寿象征

19.sea-worshipping ceremonies 祭海仪式

20.cultural and creative industry 文化创意产业

21.master-apprentice system 师徒制

22.standardized production 标准化产品

23.e-commerce platforms 电商平台

24.cultural IP 文化IP

25.living inheritance 活态传承

26.Dragon and Phoenix Bringing Auspiciousness 龙凤呈祥

27.Peach of Longevity 寿桃

28.immersive experience projects 沉浸式体验项目

问题

1.胶东花饽饽的传统制作工艺是怎样的？请描述关键步骤。

2.当前胶东花饽饽传承面临的主要挑战有哪些？

3.胶东花饽饽在不同节庆和人生礼仪中是如何使用的？

4.为促进胶东花饽饽的传承与发展提出了哪些策略？

答案

1.胶东花饽饽的制作包含六个步骤：材料与工具准备； 打欠子； 和面与醒发； 形体塑造； 蒸制； 上色与晾晒。

2.传统技艺后继乏人，年轻从业者稀缺； 过度简化工艺和滥用工业原料； 产品同质化严重，传统特色逐渐弱化； 对其文化内涵的挖掘和阐释较为肤浅。

3.春节期间，“圣虫”饽饽象征丰收；“龙凤呈祥”饽饽寓意夫妻和谐、姻缘天定； “寿桃”饽饽代表长寿； “鱼形”饽饽用于祈求渔业丰收。

4.加强年轻传承人培养； 组建专业研发团队； 采取“活态传承”策略； 制定相关政策以加强对花饽饽技艺的保护和传承。

参考文献

[1]初君友.胶东花饽饽习俗[J].春秋,2024,(01):2.[Chu Junyou.Customs of Jiaodong Huabobo[J]. Spring and Autumn,2024,(01):2.][8]

[2]郭馨蔚.舌尖上的艺术品：基于文献调研的21世纪胶东花饽饽民俗产物变迁[J].文化产业,2023,(17):7-9.[Guo Xinwei.Art on the Tip of the Tongue: The Evolution of Jiaodong Huabobo as a Folk Artifact in the 21st Century Based on Literature Research[J].Cultural Industry,2023,(17):7-9.][9]

[3]胡馨元.胶东花饽饽的文化功能与经济价值[J].炎黄地理,2025,(03):169-171.[Hu Xinyuan.Cultural Functions and Economic Value of Jiaodong Huabobo[J].Yanhuang Geography,2025,(03):169-171.][10]

[4]李曼.胶东“花饽饽”传承发展研究[D].华中师范大学,2024.DOI:10.27159/d.cnki.ghzsu.2024.001943.[Li Man. Research on the Inheritance and Development of Jiaodong "Huabobo" [D]. Central China Normal University, 2024. DOI:10.27159/d.cnki.ghzsu.2024.001943][11]

[5]王辉.胶东花饽饽的民俗与地域风格[J].中国艺术时空,2017,(06):63-67.[Wang Hui.The Folk Customs and Regional Characteristics of Jiaodong Huabobo[J].China Art Space-Time,2017,(06):63-67.][12]

[6]徐研茜,马学良.基于艺术设计的非遗活态传承与乡村产业融合研究——以胶东花饽饽为例[J].上海包装,2025,(02):201-203.DOI:10.19446/j.cnki.1005-9423.2025.02.060.[Xu Yanxi, Ma Xueliang. Research on the Dynamic Inheritance of Intangible Cultural Heritage and Rural Industry Integration Based on Artistic Design: A Case Study of Jiaodong Huabobo [J]. Shanghai Packaging, 2025, (02): 201-203. DOI:10.19446/j.cnki.1005-9423.2025.02.060.][13]

[7]Lili Z ,Yang G .An Exploration of the Dynamic Inheritance Path of Intangible Cultural Heritage Enabled by the Metaverse[J].Journal of Sociology and Ethnology,2024,6(6):[14]

人工智能声明

为了帮我完成期末论文，我使用了以下聊天机器人：DeepSeek

论文框架完善

我向聊天机器人DeepSeek 下达了以下指令：请帮我完善论文框架。

我发现结果存在以下问题：输出的论文框架不够细致。我将指令修改为：请进一步完善我的论文框架，具体到二级标题。按照完善后的论文框架，我又进行了思考，决定将“习俗与用途”这一部分，按照场合分成新年、婚嫁、祝寿、祭海四个层面撰写，并将“传承策略”这一部分修改为“传承现状与策略”。

“制作工艺”术语化调整

我向聊天机器人DeepSeek 下达了以下指令：请帮我修改这段口语化的胶东花饽饽制作工艺，使用专业术语，并纠正错误的制作步骤。

我发现结果存在以下问题：输出的步骤有些粗略，缺少具体的操作指引。我将指令修改为：请在此基础上，具体写出每一步骤的操作指引，具体到材料克重和制作时间。再次输出结果后，我发现步骤陈述太过冗杂，自行进行了删减，保留了关键内容。

英文翻译的审查

我向聊天机器人DeepSeek 下达了以下指令：请对照中文文本，帮我检查英文文本是否有不妥之处。

我发现结果存在以下问题：审查结果并未考虑到英文中的术语一致，例如，“胶东花饽饽”这一术语翻译，英文文本中既有“Jiaodong Flower-shaped Steamed Buns”，又有“Jiaodong Huabobo”。我将指令修改为：请对照中文文本，帮我检查英文文本是否有不妥之处，尤其注意术语的一致性和准确性。最终，我进行了部分译文的更改及优化。