Difference between revisions of "User:Yang Jingwei"

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I am a graduate student majoring in English Translation for the class of 2025 at Hunan Normal University. My name is Yangjingwei, or you can call me Patty. I come from Sichuan Province and hope to deepen my studies during my graduate studies, so that I can grow and gain something.
 
I am a graduate student majoring in English Translation for the class of 2025 at Hunan Normal University. My name is Yangjingwei, or you can call me Patty. I come from Sichuan Province and hope to deepen my studies during my graduate studies, so that I can grow and gain something.
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==Final Exam Paper==
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===Irrigation System: Dujiangyan in Cheng Du（成都都江堰）===
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====Introduction====
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When speaking of ancient marvels, many envision grand monuments like the pyramids—spectacular, yet frozen in time. But the Dujiangyan stands apart. It is an irrigation system that, remarkably, is still very much “alive”. It is a continuous irrigation system which is still incredibly ‘lively’ today, allowing you to see the river calm and divided two ways by this dam – standing at Yuzui diversion levee. Built back to 256 BC during the beginning of the Warring States Period, it used land lay instead of a tall dam with human force to resist the river at first. Working better than any huge dam until today, the water passes straight through 2000 years of time unceasingly to hold Chengdu Plain in its power. So, what is the secret to its enduring “life” ? The answer lies not only in its precise and masterful engineering but in an ancient philosophical wisdom: Dao Fa Zi Ran, it means following the way of nature for harmony（谢羽，2023）. This paper will delve into Dujiangyan’s origins, the brilliant workings of its mechanism, and the profound insights it continues to offer.
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====Origin of Dujiangyan Irrigation Project====
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Dujiangya’s creation was born of necessity. Before its construction, the Chengdu Plain was far from prosperous. As the Minjiang River descended from the mountains and slowed on the plains, it deposited silt, frequently shifting its course. This created a relentless cycle: catastrophic floods inundating farmland in the rainy season, and parched riverbeds offering no water in times of drought. The region was aptly named “Ze Guo Chi Pen” (the Marsh and Barren Basin), its people living in hardship（吴会蓉等，2013）.
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In 256 BCE, Li Bing, the appointed governor of Shu Commandery for the Qin state, arrived with a mandate. Confronting the crisis, he bypassed what might have seemed the “advanced” solution of a high dam. And he chose a wiser path: to understand and guide the water’s nature, not to fight it. Mobilizing the people and skillfully utilizing the unique terrain where the river exits the mountains, he spent eight years bringing to life a hydraulic project centered on the principle of “diversion without a dam” . From that point, the Chengdu Plain was transformed. It became the “Land of Abundance” (Tian Fu Zhi Guo), a place where “water and drought obey human will, and famine is unknown” (shui han cong ren, bu zhi ji jin). This achievement laid the cornerstone for over two thousand years of prosperity in the Sichuan Basin（吴会蓉等，2013）.
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====Three cores of Dujiangyan Irrigation Project====
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The key to Dujiangyan’s uninterrupted operation for over two millennia lies in integrated, self-monitoring system of three elements in the Headworks channel, namely the Yuzui, Feisha Yan and Baoping Kou. It is not just a simple combination of parts; rather, it is an organic whole, similar in coordination and flexibility to a living being.
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The Yuzui, designed in the form of a fish’s mouth so aptly, is also where the whole system receives water; while using the river’s curvature and the hydrodynamic principle, it also plays a trick called“60-40 split”.  When there is a drought, about 60% of the water that flows in goes into the inner river to irrigate; during flood times, about 60% of the water flows into the outer river to safely drain. Acting as the system’s regulator, the Feisha Yan is a low spillway. During high water, it automatically spills excess flow from the inner canal back to the outer canal. Its true brilliance, however, lies in harnessing centrifugal force to expel approximately 80% of incoming sediment and pebbles over its crest into the outer canal, thus elegantly solving the universal problem of siltation. The Baoping Kou, carved through the bedrock of Mount Yulei, is the final control point—a narrow channel only about 20 meters wide. No matter how turbulent the upstream flow, this “throat” acts as a precise calibrator, ensuring a stable, measured volume of water enters the Chengdu Plain.
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Three accurately designed and perfectly compatible elements provide for the vital flood splitting, drainage, silt flushing, and flow controlling functions, turning Dujiangyan from a sedimentary structure into a hydrological construction capable of engaging in an ongoing, ever-evolving a dynamic dialogue with the river—flow regulating itself through synchronization with natural cycles.
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====The Philosophical Wisdom of Dujiangyan Irrigation Project====
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Dujiangyan’s true excellence lies beyond its technical mastery, in the philosophical soul embedded within its design. It is a tangible expression of core Chinese principles: “Tian Ren He Yi” (the unity of humanity and nature) and “Dao Fa Zi Ran” (following nature’s way)（肖帆等，2004）.
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This is captured in an eight-character maxim that guided its creation: “Cheng Shi Li Dao, Yin Shi Zhi Yi.” This means to utilize the prevailing forces and guide them beneficially, adapting the approach to the time. “Utilizing the forces” reflects a profound respect for nature—working with the momentum of the mountains, the lay of the land, and the flow of the water. “Guiding beneficially” represents the wisdom of channeling these forces toward a harmonious purpose（邓俊，叶凤美，2024）. Unlike projects that seek to conquer, Dujiangyan’s ethos is one of guidance. Its entire design sprang from a deep consideration of the Minjiang’s behavior and terrain. The result is a structure that doesn’t impose upon the landscape but blends into it, achieving that ideal described in classical Chinese garden artistry: “Sui You Ren Zuo, Wan Zi Tian Kai” (though built by human hands, as if created by nature itself).
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This philosophy is further distilled into the six-character mantra for its care, left by Li Bing and his son: “Shen Tao Tan, Di Zuo Yan” (dredge the deeps, keep the weir low). This is not only a guideline for construction but also a philosophy suggesting that we constantly pursue a reasonable and dynamic balance between man and nature. It teaches that water management is not about overpowering nature with greater force, but about ongoing stewardship—clearing the path, ensuring smooth flow, and thus achieving lasting harmony between people and the river. It is precisely this deep-seated respect for natural laws, this commitment to working with the flow and seeking balance, that has granted Dujiangyan its everlasting vitality.
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====Dual Value of Dujiangyan Irrigation Project====
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The value of Dujiangyan is radiant with both its historic luster and contemporary luster.
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The most immediate consequence was the birth of“Tian Fu Zhi Guo”(Land of Abundance), making the Chengdu Plain a constant breadbasket. Its work remains unfinished as it continually provides water for massive expanses of farmland, continuing to support tens of millions. To mark this special distinction, Dujiangyan was listed in the UNESCO World Heritage in 2000 and was designated a World Heritage Irrigation Structure in 2018. As a result, it has become a global proof that is both recognized as mankind's cultural treasure and commended as the world's ideal hydrological engineering. Through historical development and geographical changes, the modern-day region embeds Dujiangyan into its roots, making the citadel and weir juxtaposed with each other, forming an unparalleled local culture where city and weir mutually serve as socio-economic progress promoters（董亦楠等，2021）. In the current age of global environmental issues, the wisdom of Dujiangyan in“Chen Shi Li Dao, Yin Shi Zhi Yi” （utilizing forces and adapting to the time） is desperately desirable and valuable. It gave us the best inspiration: humans can coexist harmoniously with nature. It provides a visionary Eastern model for modern water conservancy engineering construction, ecological city planning, and even global sustainable development.
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Dujiangyan Irrigation Project is not only a water conservancy project that has lived for more than 2000 years, but also a wise man who always teaches us that true strength lies in understanding and working in harmony with nature, not in conquering. It also shows that the greatest creation is the ability to blend into nature and grow together with it.To stand at Dujiangyan is to witness not just ancient ingenuity, but a timeless, unwavering wisdom for survival. Dujiangyan is an engineering monument, yet it is, even more profoundly, a beacon of thought. With its very existence—a testament spanning two millennia—it continues to illuminate the path for humanity to coexist in harmony with nature.
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Standing at Bao Pingkou, listening to the roar of the river, what we see is not only the ingenuity of ancient people, but also a survival wisdom that transcends time and space and never fades. Dujiangyan is as much a symbol of engineering prowess as it is an everlasting thought-guide. it has stood for a long time and continues to illuminate the future road of human and nature symbiosis.
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===Reference===
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[1]邓俊、叶凤美（Den Jun,Ye Huimei）。“都江堰‘乘势利导、因时制宜’工程科技内涵解析与现实启示。”《中国防汛抗旱》，第34卷，第8期，2024年，第71–75页。
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[2]董亦楠、沈旸、韩冬青(Dong Yinan,Shen Yang,Han Dongqing)。“再构‘城堰一体’：入遗效应和灾后重建双重影响下的都江堰整体文化景观呈现。”《东南大学学报（自然科学版）》，第51卷，第1期，2021年，第71-79。
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[3]吴会蓉、冯广宏、旷良波，编(Wu Huirong,Feng Guanghong,Kuang Liangbo)。《都江堰文献集成：历史文献卷（近代卷）》。巴蜀书社，2013年。
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[4]肖帆、阳本富、彭述明(Xiao Fan,Yang Benfu,Peng Shuming)。“造化与传承——都江堰经久不衰、持续发展的文化动因。”《中国水利》，第18期，2004年，第32-34页。
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[5]谢羽(Xie Yu)。“都江堰所蕴含的道法自然及其启示。”《四川水利》，第6期，2023年，第6–9页。
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===Terms===
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1.Dujiangyan Irrigation System 都江堰灌溉系统
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2.Yuzui 鱼嘴
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3.Feisha Yan 飞沙堰
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4.Baoping Kou 宝瓶口
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5.Minjiang River 岷江
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6.Land of Abundance (Tian Fu Zhi Guo) 天府之国
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7.Dao Fa Zi Ran (following nature's way) 道法自然
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8.Tian Ren He Yi (the unity of humanity and nature) 天人合一
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9.Cheng Shi Li Dao, Yin Shi Zhi Yi (utilize the forces and adapt to the time) 乘势利导，因时制宜
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10.Shen Tao Tan, Di Zuo Yan (dredge the deeps, keep the weir low) 深淘滩，低作堰
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===Questions===
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1.what is the most fundamental distinction between the Dujiangyan Irrigation System and ancient monuments like the pyramids?
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2.What is the core secret to Dujiangyan’s uninterrupted functioning for over two millennia?
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3.What is the six-character maintenance mantra left by Li Bing and his son?
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4.In which years was Dujiangyan inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and designated as a World Heritage Irrigation Structure, respectively?
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5.What do these dual honors jointly affirm about its value?
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===Answers===
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1.The most fundamental distinction is that the Dujiangyan is not a monument “frozen in time” but an irrigation system that is still very much “alive” and functioning today.
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2.The core secret lies in the integrated, self-monitoring system formed by its three key components at the headworks: the Yuzui, the Feisha Yan, and the Baoping Kou.
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3.The six-character mantra is “Shen Tao Tan, Di Zuo Yan” (dredge the deeps, keep the weir low).
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4.Dujiangyan was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000 and designated as a World Heritage Irrigation Structure in 2018.
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5.These honors jointly affirm that it is recognized both as a cultural treasure of mankind and as an ideal model of hydraulic engineering.
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==期末论文==
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===水利灌溉系统：成都都江堰===
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====引言====
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提起中国古代伟大的工程，人们大多会想到像金字塔一样雄伟但停留在历史中的建筑，但都江堰是个例外，作为一个水利灌溉工程 ，它至今仍然“活着”。站到都江堰的“鱼嘴”分水堤上，你能看到岷江水被这道简单的石堤分为两股。这座建于公元前256年（战国初期）的工程，不是用高坝去强行拦截江水，而是利用地理优势使其自动调节，其中的江水早已流淌了两千多年，至今仍守护着成都平原。那么都江堰究竟是凭借什么“活”下来了呢？其秘密不仅在于技术上的精密、高超，还有那古老的哲学智慧——道法自然（谢羽，2023）。本文将带大家了解都江堰的起源，它精妙的工作原理和带给我们的启示。
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====都江堰的起源====
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都江堰的诞生，源于时代的生存挑战。在它修建之前，成都平原并不富饶。岷江从高山冲下，到了平原就变得缓慢，泥沙淤积，河道常常改变。结果就是：雨季洪水滔天，淹没农田；旱季河道干涸，无水可用。这片土地因此被称为“泽国赤盆”，人民生活困苦（吴会蓉等，2013）。
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公元前256年，秦国蜀郡太守李冰来到这里。面对难题，他没有选择看似“先进”的筑高坝堵水方法，而是走了一条更智慧的路：顺应水的天性，去引导它，而不是对抗它。他带着民众，利用岷江出山口的特殊地形，花了八年时间，终于建成了这座以“无坝引水”为核心的水利工程。从此，岷江水被成功驯服，成都平原变成了“水旱从人，不知饥馑”的“天府之国”，为四川盆地的繁荣奠定了长达两千余年的根基（吴会蓉等，2013）。
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====都江堰的三大核心====
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都江堰历经两千余年而功能不辍，其核心奥秘在于其三大主体工程——鱼嘴、飞沙堰和宝瓶口——所构成的精妙绝伦的自动调节系统。这一系统绝非各自孤立的工程部件的简单堆砌，而是一个如生命体般具有高度协同性的有机整体。
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“鱼嘴”作为系统的前端，其形似鱼吻的独特设计，巧妙地运用河道地形与水动力学的弯道环流原理，实现了枯水期引六成江水入内江灌溉、洪水期导六成水量至外江泄洪的动态“四六分水”平衡。紧接其后的“飞沙堰”则扮演着系统中枢的角色，其低矮的堰体设计不仅能在汛期作为溢洪道自动分泄内江多余水量，更通过精妙的水流离心力运用，将约八成的泥沙与卵石高效排向外江，从而近乎完美地解决了泥沙淤积这一世界性水利难题。而作为终端控制阀的“宝瓶口”，其开凿于玉垒山岩体的狭窄通道，宽度恒定约二十米，无论上游岷江来水如何汹涌澎湃，它都能如同一把精确的量尺，对流入成都平原的水量进行终极的稳定调控。
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这三个部分分工精密、联系紧密、互为依存，实现了分洪、泄洪、排沙、控流四大功能，使都江堰成为了一个可以同自然水系进行动态对话、能自我应变和协调的水利灌溉工程。
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====都江堰的哲学智慧====
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都江堰工程的卓越，不仅在于其精妙绝伦的技术构造，更在于其设计灵魂深处所蕴含的、根植于中国传统文化土壤的哲学思想。它生动地诠释了“天人合一”与“道法自然”的东方智慧（肖帆等，2004）。
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所谓“乘势利导，因时制宜”八字箴言，“乘势”指顺应自然形势，顺着山势、地势、水势造就工程；“利导”指依据自然的山势、地势、水势设计治理之策，在此基础上巧于利用、引导自然（邓俊，叶凤美,2024）。不同于很多硬碰硬式的水利工程，都江堰体现了一种反其道而行的治水思想——不是对抗、而是引导，在很大程度上考虑了河水、河床的变化及高差等问题，整个工程的设计充分利用并考虑了岷江的水势和地势。因此，整个工程很好地融入了自然山水之中，形成了“虽由人作，宛自天开”的造园佳境。
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这种哲学思想，进一步凝结为李冰父子留下的“深淘滩，低作堰”六字治水真言。这种哲学思想是李冰父子留下“深淘滩，低作堰”六字治水真言的具体表现形式。这就提出了一种动态平衡的思想，即治水防洪的关键不是以更强大力量去压制自然，而是要不断疏通和改造，让水流有一个更畅顺的路径，保证人与河流的长久和谐。正是由于这种尊重规律、顺其自然、寻求动态平衡的深层哲学观念，才使得都江堰做到了永葆青春长存不衰。
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====都江堰的双重价值====
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都江堰的价值，在历史和今天两个维度上都闪闪发光。
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它最直接的贡献，是创造了“天府之国”，把成都平原变成了一个富饶之地；它至今仍发挥着它的作用——灌溉成千上万顷良田，哺育着上千万的人口。同时，由于这些卓越的价值，都江堰在2000年被联合国教科文组织列为《世界文化遗产名录》；在2018年又被评为世界灌溉工程遗产。这双重荣誉意味着，世界既肯定它作为人类文明瑰宝的文化价值，也认可它作为水利工程典范的科学价值。其影响力已深刻融入了现代城市，形成了独特的“城堰一体”文化景观（董亦楠等，2021）。在面临全球生态危机的今天，都江堰“乘势利导，因时制宜”的智慧显得尤为珍贵。它给了我们最好的启发：人类可以和大自然和睦相处、和谐共生。它为现代水利工程建设、生态城市规划甚至全球可持续发展，都提供了一个充满远见的东方范本。
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都江堰不仅是一座活了两千多年的水利工程，更像一位智者，时时刻刻教导我们：最强大的力量是理解并顺应；最伟大的创造是能够融入自然、和自然一起生长。站在宝瓶口，听着江水轰鸣，我们看到的不仅是古人的巧思，更是一种穿越时空、永不褪色的生存智慧。都江堰是一座工程的丰碑，更是一座思想的灯塔，它用自己“呼吸”了两千多年的生命，持续照亮着人类与自然共生的未来之路。
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===参考文献===
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[1]邓俊、叶凤美（Den Jun,Ye Huimei）。“都江堰‘乘势利导、因时制宜’工程科技内涵解析与现实启示。”《中国防汛抗旱》，第34卷，第8期，2024年，第71–75页。
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[2]董亦楠、沈旸、韩冬青(Dong Yinan,Shen Yang,Han Dongqing)。“再构‘城堰一体’：入遗效应和灾后重建双重影响下的都江堰整体文化景观呈现。”《东南大学学报（自然科学版）》，第51卷，第1期，2021年，第71-79页。
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[3]吴会蓉、冯广宏、旷良波，编(Wu Huirong,Feng Guanghong,Kuang Liangbo)。《都江堰文献集成：历史文献卷（近代卷）》。巴蜀书社，2013年。
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[4]肖帆、阳本富、彭述明(Xiao Fan,Yang Benfu,Peng Shuming)。“造化与传承——都江堰经久不衰、持续发展的文化动因。”《中国水利》，第18期，2004年，第32-34页。
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[5]谢羽(Xie Yu)。“都江堰所蕴含的道法自然及其启示。”《四川水利》，第6期，2023年，第6–9页。
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===术语===
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1、都江堰灌溉系统 Dujiangyan Irrigation System
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2、鱼嘴 Yuzui
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3、飞沙堰 Feisha Yan
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4、宝瓶口 Baoping Kou
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5、岷江 Minjiang River
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6、天府之国 Land of Abundance (Tian Fu Zhi Guo)
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7、道法自然 Dao Fa Zi Ran (following nature’s way)
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8、天人合一 Tian Ren He Yi (the unity of humanity and nature)
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9、乘势利导，因时制宜 Cheng Shi Li Dao, Yin Shi Zhi Yi (utilize the forces and adapt to the time)
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10、深淘滩，低作堰 Shen Tao Tan, Di Zuo Yan (dredge the deeps, keep the weir low)
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===问题===
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1、都江堰与金字塔这类古代建筑最根本的区别是什么？
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2、都江堰历经两千多年仍能正常工作的核心奥秘是什么？
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3、李冰父子留下的用于指导都江堰维护的六字真言是什么？
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4、都江堰分别在哪一年被列入世界文化遗产和世界灌溉工程遗产？
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5、这双重荣誉共同证明了什么？
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===答案===
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1、都江堰与金字塔等古代建筑最根本的区别在于，它不是“停留在历史中的建筑”，而是至今仍然“活着”、仍在运转和发挥作用的水利灌溉工程。
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2、其核心奥秘在于由鱼嘴、飞沙堰、宝瓶口这三大主体工程所构成的精妙绝伦的自动调节系统。
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3、李冰父子留下的六字真言是“深淘滩，低作堰”。这体现了一种动态平衡的治理思想，即治水的关键不是用强力压制自然，而是通过持续疏通和维护，为水流找到畅顺的出路，实现人与河流的和谐。
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4、都江堰2000年被列入世界文化遗产，在2018年被评为世界灌溉工程遗产。
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5、这双重荣誉共同证明了它既是人类文明的文化瑰宝，也是水利工程的科学典范。

Latest revision as of 06:11, 3 February 2026

I am a graduate student majoring in English Translation for the class of 2025 at Hunan Normal University. My name is Yangjingwei, or you can call me Patty. I come from Sichuan Province and hope to deepen my studies during my graduate studies, so that I can grow and gain something.

Final Exam Paper

Irrigation System: Dujiangyan in Cheng Du（成都都江堰）

Introduction

When speaking of ancient marvels, many envision grand monuments like the pyramids—spectacular, yet frozen in time. But the Dujiangyan stands apart. It is an irrigation system that, remarkably, is still very much “alive”. It is a continuous irrigation system which is still incredibly ‘lively’ today, allowing you to see the river calm and divided two ways by this dam – standing at Yuzui diversion levee. Built back to 256 BC during the beginning of the Warring States Period, it used land lay instead of a tall dam with human force to resist the river at first. Working better than any huge dam until today, the water passes straight through 2000 years of time unceasingly to hold Chengdu Plain in its power. So, what is the secret to its enduring “life” ? The answer lies not only in its precise and masterful engineering but in an ancient philosophical wisdom: Dao Fa Zi Ran, it means following the way of nature for harmony（谢羽，2023）. This paper will delve into Dujiangyan’s origins, the brilliant workings of its mechanism, and the profound insights it continues to offer.

Origin of Dujiangyan Irrigation Project

Dujiangya’s creation was born of necessity. Before its construction, the Chengdu Plain was far from prosperous. As the Minjiang River descended from the mountains and slowed on the plains, it deposited silt, frequently shifting its course. This created a relentless cycle: catastrophic floods inundating farmland in the rainy season, and parched riverbeds offering no water in times of drought. The region was aptly named “Ze Guo Chi Pen” (the Marsh and Barren Basin), its people living in hardship（吴会蓉等，2013）.

In 256 BCE, Li Bing, the appointed governor of Shu Commandery for the Qin state, arrived with a mandate. Confronting the crisis, he bypassed what might have seemed the “advanced” solution of a high dam. And he chose a wiser path: to understand and guide the water’s nature, not to fight it. Mobilizing the people and skillfully utilizing the unique terrain where the river exits the mountains, he spent eight years bringing to life a hydraulic project centered on the principle of “diversion without a dam” . From that point, the Chengdu Plain was transformed. It became the “Land of Abundance” (Tian Fu Zhi Guo), a place where “water and drought obey human will, and famine is unknown” (shui han cong ren, bu zhi ji jin). This achievement laid the cornerstone for over two thousand years of prosperity in the Sichuan Basin（吴会蓉等，2013）.

Three cores of Dujiangyan Irrigation Project

The key to Dujiangyan’s uninterrupted operation for over two millennia lies in integrated, self-monitoring system of three elements in the Headworks channel, namely the Yuzui, Feisha Yan and Baoping Kou. It is not just a simple combination of parts; rather, it is an organic whole, similar in coordination and flexibility to a living being.

The Yuzui, designed in the form of a fish’s mouth so aptly, is also where the whole system receives water; while using the river’s curvature and the hydrodynamic principle, it also plays a trick called“60-40 split”. When there is a drought, about 60% of the water that flows in goes into the inner river to irrigate; during flood times, about 60% of the water flows into the outer river to safely drain. Acting as the system’s regulator, the Feisha Yan is a low spillway. During high water, it automatically spills excess flow from the inner canal back to the outer canal. Its true brilliance, however, lies in harnessing centrifugal force to expel approximately 80% of incoming sediment and pebbles over its crest into the outer canal, thus elegantly solving the universal problem of siltation. The Baoping Kou, carved through the bedrock of Mount Yulei, is the final control point—a narrow channel only about 20 meters wide. No matter how turbulent the upstream flow, this “throat” acts as a precise calibrator, ensuring a stable, measured volume of water enters the Chengdu Plain.

Three accurately designed and perfectly compatible elements provide for the vital flood splitting, drainage, silt flushing, and flow controlling functions, turning Dujiangyan from a sedimentary structure into a hydrological construction capable of engaging in an ongoing, ever-evolving a dynamic dialogue with the river—flow regulating itself through synchronization with natural cycles.

The Philosophical Wisdom of Dujiangyan Irrigation Project

Dujiangyan’s true excellence lies beyond its technical mastery, in the philosophical soul embedded within its design. It is a tangible expression of core Chinese principles: “Tian Ren He Yi” (the unity of humanity and nature) and “Dao Fa Zi Ran” (following nature’s way)（肖帆等，2004）.

This is captured in an eight-character maxim that guided its creation: “Cheng Shi Li Dao, Yin Shi Zhi Yi.” This means to utilize the prevailing forces and guide them beneficially, adapting the approach to the time. “Utilizing the forces” reflects a profound respect for nature—working with the momentum of the mountains, the lay of the land, and the flow of the water. “Guiding beneficially” represents the wisdom of channeling these forces toward a harmonious purpose（邓俊，叶凤美，2024）. Unlike projects that seek to conquer, Dujiangyan’s ethos is one of guidance. Its entire design sprang from a deep consideration of the Minjiang’s behavior and terrain. The result is a structure that doesn’t impose upon the landscape but blends into it, achieving that ideal described in classical Chinese garden artistry: “Sui You Ren Zuo, Wan Zi Tian Kai” (though built by human hands, as if created by nature itself).

This philosophy is further distilled into the six-character mantra for its care, left by Li Bing and his son: “Shen Tao Tan, Di Zuo Yan” (dredge the deeps, keep the weir low). This is not only a guideline for construction but also a philosophy suggesting that we constantly pursue a reasonable and dynamic balance between man and nature. It teaches that water management is not about overpowering nature with greater force, but about ongoing stewardship—clearing the path, ensuring smooth flow, and thus achieving lasting harmony between people and the river. It is precisely this deep-seated respect for natural laws, this commitment to working with the flow and seeking balance, that has granted Dujiangyan its everlasting vitality.

Dual Value of Dujiangyan Irrigation Project

The value of Dujiangyan is radiant with both its historic luster and contemporary luster.

The most immediate consequence was the birth of“Tian Fu Zhi Guo”(Land of Abundance), making the Chengdu Plain a constant breadbasket. Its work remains unfinished as it continually provides water for massive expanses of farmland, continuing to support tens of millions. To mark this special distinction, Dujiangyan was listed in the UNESCO World Heritage in 2000 and was designated a World Heritage Irrigation Structure in 2018. As a result, it has become a global proof that is both recognized as mankind's cultural treasure and commended as the world's ideal hydrological engineering. Through historical development and geographical changes, the modern-day region embeds Dujiangyan into its roots, making the citadel and weir juxtaposed with each other, forming an unparalleled local culture where city and weir mutually serve as socio-economic progress promoters（董亦楠等，2021）. In the current age of global environmental issues, the wisdom of Dujiangyan in“Chen Shi Li Dao, Yin Shi Zhi Yi” （utilizing forces and adapting to the time） is desperately desirable and valuable. It gave us the best inspiration: humans can coexist harmoniously with nature. It provides a visionary Eastern model for modern water conservancy engineering construction, ecological city planning, and even global sustainable development.

Dujiangyan Irrigation Project is not only a water conservancy project that has lived for more than 2000 years, but also a wise man who always teaches us that true strength lies in understanding and working in harmony with nature, not in conquering. It also shows that the greatest creation is the ability to blend into nature and grow together with it.To stand at Dujiangyan is to witness not just ancient ingenuity, but a timeless, unwavering wisdom for survival. Dujiangyan is an engineering monument, yet it is, even more profoundly, a beacon of thought. With its very existence—a testament spanning two millennia—it continues to illuminate the path for humanity to coexist in harmony with nature.

Standing at Bao Pingkou, listening to the roar of the river, what we see is not only the ingenuity of ancient people, but also a survival wisdom that transcends time and space and never fades. Dujiangyan is as much a symbol of engineering prowess as it is an everlasting thought-guide. it has stood for a long time and continues to illuminate the future road of human and nature symbiosis.

Reference

[1]邓俊、叶凤美（Den Jun,Ye Huimei）。“都江堰‘乘势利导、因时制宜’工程科技内涵解析与现实启示。”《中国防汛抗旱》，第34卷，第8期，2024年，第71–75页。

[2]董亦楠、沈旸、韩冬青(Dong Yinan,Shen Yang,Han Dongqing)。“再构‘城堰一体’：入遗效应和灾后重建双重影响下的都江堰整体文化景观呈现。”《东南大学学报（自然科学版）》，第51卷，第1期，2021年，第71-79。

[3]吴会蓉、冯广宏、旷良波，编(Wu Huirong,Feng Guanghong,Kuang Liangbo)。《都江堰文献集成：历史文献卷（近代卷）》。巴蜀书社，2013年。

[4]肖帆、阳本富、彭述明(Xiao Fan,Yang Benfu,Peng Shuming)。“造化与传承——都江堰经久不衰、持续发展的文化动因。”《中国水利》，第18期，2004年，第32-34页。

[5]谢羽(Xie Yu)。“都江堰所蕴含的道法自然及其启示。”《四川水利》，第6期，2023年，第6–9页。

Terms

1.Dujiangyan Irrigation System 都江堰灌溉系统

2.Yuzui 鱼嘴

3.Feisha Yan 飞沙堰

4.Baoping Kou 宝瓶口

5.Minjiang River 岷江

6.Land of Abundance (Tian Fu Zhi Guo) 天府之国

7.Dao Fa Zi Ran (following nature's way) 道法自然

8.Tian Ren He Yi (the unity of humanity and nature) 天人合一

9.Cheng Shi Li Dao, Yin Shi Zhi Yi (utilize the forces and adapt to the time) 乘势利导，因时制宜

10.Shen Tao Tan, Di Zuo Yan (dredge the deeps, keep the weir low) 深淘滩，低作堰

Questions

1.what is the most fundamental distinction between the Dujiangyan Irrigation System and ancient monuments like the pyramids?

2.What is the core secret to Dujiangyan’s uninterrupted functioning for over two millennia?

3.What is the six-character maintenance mantra left by Li Bing and his son?

4.In which years was Dujiangyan inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and designated as a World Heritage Irrigation Structure, respectively?

5.What do these dual honors jointly affirm about its value?

Answers

1.The most fundamental distinction is that the Dujiangyan is not a monument “frozen in time” but an irrigation system that is still very much “alive” and functioning today.

2.The core secret lies in the integrated, self-monitoring system formed by its three key components at the headworks: the Yuzui, the Feisha Yan, and the Baoping Kou.

3.The six-character mantra is “Shen Tao Tan, Di Zuo Yan” (dredge the deeps, keep the weir low).

4.Dujiangyan was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000 and designated as a World Heritage Irrigation Structure in 2018.

5.These honors jointly affirm that it is recognized both as a cultural treasure of mankind and as an ideal model of hydraulic engineering.

期末论文

水利灌溉系统：成都都江堰

引言

提起中国古代伟大的工程，人们大多会想到像金字塔一样雄伟但停留在历史中的建筑，但都江堰是个例外，作为一个水利灌溉工程 ，它至今仍然“活着”。站到都江堰的“鱼嘴”分水堤上，你能看到岷江水被这道简单的石堤分为两股。这座建于公元前256年（战国初期）的工程，不是用高坝去强行拦截江水，而是利用地理优势使其自动调节，其中的江水早已流淌了两千多年，至今仍守护着成都平原。那么都江堰究竟是凭借什么“活”下来了呢？其秘密不仅在于技术上的精密、高超，还有那古老的哲学智慧——道法自然（谢羽，2023）。本文将带大家了解都江堰的起源，它精妙的工作原理和带给我们的启示。

都江堰的起源

都江堰的诞生，源于时代的生存挑战。在它修建之前，成都平原并不富饶。岷江从高山冲下，到了平原就变得缓慢，泥沙淤积，河道常常改变。结果就是：雨季洪水滔天，淹没农田；旱季河道干涸，无水可用。这片土地因此被称为“泽国赤盆”，人民生活困苦（吴会蓉等，2013）。

公元前256年，秦国蜀郡太守李冰来到这里。面对难题，他没有选择看似“先进”的筑高坝堵水方法，而是走了一条更智慧的路：顺应水的天性，去引导它，而不是对抗它。他带着民众，利用岷江出山口的特殊地形，花了八年时间，终于建成了这座以“无坝引水”为核心的水利工程。从此，岷江水被成功驯服，成都平原变成了“水旱从人，不知饥馑”的“天府之国”，为四川盆地的繁荣奠定了长达两千余年的根基（吴会蓉等，2013）。

都江堰的三大核心

都江堰历经两千余年而功能不辍，其核心奥秘在于其三大主体工程——鱼嘴、飞沙堰和宝瓶口——所构成的精妙绝伦的自动调节系统。这一系统绝非各自孤立的工程部件的简单堆砌，而是一个如生命体般具有高度协同性的有机整体。

“鱼嘴”作为系统的前端，其形似鱼吻的独特设计，巧妙地运用河道地形与水动力学的弯道环流原理，实现了枯水期引六成江水入内江灌溉、洪水期导六成水量至外江泄洪的动态“四六分水”平衡。紧接其后的“飞沙堰”则扮演着系统中枢的角色，其低矮的堰体设计不仅能在汛期作为溢洪道自动分泄内江多余水量，更通过精妙的水流离心力运用，将约八成的泥沙与卵石高效排向外江，从而近乎完美地解决了泥沙淤积这一世界性水利难题。而作为终端控制阀的“宝瓶口”，其开凿于玉垒山岩体的狭窄通道，宽度恒定约二十米，无论上游岷江来水如何汹涌澎湃，它都能如同一把精确的量尺，对流入成都平原的水量进行终极的稳定调控。

这三个部分分工精密、联系紧密、互为依存，实现了分洪、泄洪、排沙、控流四大功能，使都江堰成为了一个可以同自然水系进行动态对话、能自我应变和协调的水利灌溉工程。

都江堰的哲学智慧

都江堰工程的卓越，不仅在于其精妙绝伦的技术构造，更在于其设计灵魂深处所蕴含的、根植于中国传统文化土壤的哲学思想。它生动地诠释了“天人合一”与“道法自然”的东方智慧（肖帆等，2004）。

所谓“乘势利导，因时制宜”八字箴言，“乘势”指顺应自然形势，顺着山势、地势、水势造就工程；“利导”指依据自然的山势、地势、水势设计治理之策，在此基础上巧于利用、引导自然（邓俊，叶凤美,2024）。不同于很多硬碰硬式的水利工程，都江堰体现了一种反其道而行的治水思想——不是对抗、而是引导，在很大程度上考虑了河水、河床的变化及高差等问题，整个工程的设计充分利用并考虑了岷江的水势和地势。因此，整个工程很好地融入了自然山水之中，形成了“虽由人作，宛自天开”的造园佳境。

这种哲学思想，进一步凝结为李冰父子留下的“深淘滩，低作堰”六字治水真言。这种哲学思想是李冰父子留下“深淘滩，低作堰”六字治水真言的具体表现形式。这就提出了一种动态平衡的思想，即治水防洪的关键不是以更强大力量去压制自然，而是要不断疏通和改造，让水流有一个更畅顺的路径，保证人与河流的长久和谐。正是由于这种尊重规律、顺其自然、寻求动态平衡的深层哲学观念，才使得都江堰做到了永葆青春长存不衰。

都江堰的双重价值

都江堰的价值，在历史和今天两个维度上都闪闪发光。

它最直接的贡献，是创造了“天府之国”，把成都平原变成了一个富饶之地；它至今仍发挥着它的作用——灌溉成千上万顷良田，哺育着上千万的人口。同时，由于这些卓越的价值，都江堰在2000年被联合国教科文组织列为《世界文化遗产名录》；在2018年又被评为世界灌溉工程遗产。这双重荣誉意味着，世界既肯定它作为人类文明瑰宝的文化价值，也认可它作为水利工程典范的科学价值。其影响力已深刻融入了现代城市，形成了独特的“城堰一体”文化景观（董亦楠等，2021）。在面临全球生态危机的今天，都江堰“乘势利导，因时制宜”的智慧显得尤为珍贵。它给了我们最好的启发：人类可以和大自然和睦相处、和谐共生。它为现代水利工程建设、生态城市规划甚至全球可持续发展，都提供了一个充满远见的东方范本。

都江堰不仅是一座活了两千多年的水利工程，更像一位智者，时时刻刻教导我们：最强大的力量是理解并顺应；最伟大的创造是能够融入自然、和自然一起生长。站在宝瓶口，听着江水轰鸣，我们看到的不仅是古人的巧思，更是一种穿越时空、永不褪色的生存智慧。都江堰是一座工程的丰碑，更是一座思想的灯塔，它用自己“呼吸”了两千多年的生命，持续照亮着人类与自然共生的未来之路。

参考文献

[1]邓俊、叶凤美（Den Jun,Ye Huimei）。“都江堰‘乘势利导、因时制宜’工程科技内涵解析与现实启示。”《中国防汛抗旱》，第34卷，第8期，2024年，第71–75页。

[2]董亦楠、沈旸、韩冬青(Dong Yinan,Shen Yang,Han Dongqing)。“再构‘城堰一体’：入遗效应和灾后重建双重影响下的都江堰整体文化景观呈现。”《东南大学学报（自然科学版）》，第51卷，第1期，2021年，第71-79页。

[3]吴会蓉、冯广宏、旷良波，编(Wu Huirong,Feng Guanghong,Kuang Liangbo)。《都江堰文献集成：历史文献卷（近代卷）》。巴蜀书社，2013年。

[4]肖帆、阳本富、彭述明(Xiao Fan,Yang Benfu,Peng Shuming)。“造化与传承——都江堰经久不衰、持续发展的文化动因。”《中国水利》，第18期，2004年，第32-34页。

[5]谢羽(Xie Yu)。“都江堰所蕴含的道法自然及其启示。”《四川水利》，第6期，2023年，第6–9页。

术语

1、都江堰灌溉系统 Dujiangyan Irrigation System

2、鱼嘴 Yuzui

3、飞沙堰 Feisha Yan

4、宝瓶口 Baoping Kou

5、岷江 Minjiang River

6、天府之国 Land of Abundance (Tian Fu Zhi Guo)

7、道法自然 Dao Fa Zi Ran (following nature’s way)

8、天人合一 Tian Ren He Yi (the unity of humanity and nature)

9、乘势利导，因时制宜 Cheng Shi Li Dao, Yin Shi Zhi Yi (utilize the forces and adapt to the time)

10、深淘滩，低作堰 Shen Tao Tan, Di Zuo Yan (dredge the deeps, keep the weir low)

问题

1、都江堰与金字塔这类古代建筑最根本的区别是什么？

2、都江堰历经两千多年仍能正常工作的核心奥秘是什么？

3、李冰父子留下的用于指导都江堰维护的六字真言是什么？

4、都江堰分别在哪一年被列入世界文化遗产和世界灌溉工程遗产？

5、这双重荣誉共同证明了什么？

答案

1、都江堰与金字塔等古代建筑最根本的区别在于，它不是“停留在历史中的建筑”，而是至今仍然“活着”、仍在运转和发挥作用的水利灌溉工程。

2、其核心奥秘在于由鱼嘴、飞沙堰、宝瓶口这三大主体工程所构成的精妙绝伦的自动调节系统。

3、李冰父子留下的六字真言是“深淘滩，低作堰”。这体现了一种动态平衡的治理思想，即治水的关键不是用强力压制自然，而是通过持续疏通和维护，为水流找到畅顺的出路，实现人与河流的和谐。

4、都江堰2000年被列入世界文化遗产，在2018年被评为世界灌溉工程遗产。

5、这双重荣誉共同证明了它既是人类文明的文化瑰宝，也是水利工程的科学典范。

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