20201026 cult

Xu Jing 许静

1. 这样看来，中国画不是一门纯粹的绘画艺术，因为它不以描绘物象本身为第一目的，更多的是通过描述物象的笔墨表达一种社会理念，表现的是人类的聪明、智慧、道德和伦理，以及对世界的认知和把握。

In this way, Chinese painting is not a pure art of painting, because it does not take the depiction of objects itself as the first purpose, but rather expresses a social concept through the brushstrokes describing objects. It represents human intelligence, wisdom, morality and ethics, as well as the understanding of the world.

2. 篆刻印刀是主要的工具。它的粗细、长短、轻重和刀角的大小、锐钝、平斜，都将直接影响到刻印的效果。选用印刀如同写字时选用毛笔一样，都会影响书写的表现力。

The seal-cutting chisel is the main tool. Its thickness, length, weight, and the size, sharpness and obliquity of the end will directly affect the engraving. The choice of the knife, just like the choice of the brush to write with, will affect the expression of the writing.

3. 八大花鸟画最突出特点是“少”，用他的话说是“廉”。少，一是描绘的对象少；二是塑造对象时用笔少。

In the Bird-and-flower painting of Bada Shanren(Zhu Da, A painter in the late Ming and early Qing dynasty who was good at free brushwork in traditional Chinese painting), the most outstanding characteristic is "less", or in his words, "lian", which in Chinese also means 'thrifty'. Less, one is to depict the object less; another is to shape the object with less brush.

Yang Ziling 杨子泠

水墨画是由水和墨经过调配水和墨的浓度所画出的画，是绘画的一种形式，更多时候，水墨画被视为中国传统绘画，也就是国画的代表。

Chinese Brush Painting is a painting drawn by mixing water and ink with the concentration of water and ink. It is a form of painting. More often, ink painting is regarded as a representative of traditional Chinese paintings. --Yang Ziling (talk) 11:37, 27 October 2020 (UTC)

直到明清两代，印人辈出，篆刻便成为以篆书为基础，利用雕刻方法，在即面中表现疏密、离合的艺术型态，篆刻遂由广义的雕镂铭刻，转为狭义的治印之举。

It was not until the Ming and Qing Dynasties that there were a large number of printing people, and seal cutting became based on the seal script, using the carving method to express the artistic style of density and separation in the immediate face. The seal carving changed from the broad sense of carving and inscription to the narrow sense of seal printing. --Yang Ziling (talk) 11:37, 27 October 2020 (UTC)

八大山人长于水墨写意，为其划时代的人物。在水墨写意画中，又有专擅山水和专擅花鸟之别，八大山人则两者兼而善之。

Bada Shanren is good at freehand brushwork and is an epoch-making figure. In the freehand brushwork, there is a difference between being good at landscape and being good at flowers and birds, while Bada Shanren is good at both. --Yang Ziling (talk) 11:37, 27 October 2020 (UTC)