Discussion topics regarding the texts

Back to course homepage subsection

Task: Please write down your answers to the following questions:

(a) What role does money play?

(b) What role do physical work and machines play?

(c) How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved?

(d) What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China?

(e) What is China's position in Asia / the world?

(e) What government system prevails? How did it come about?

(f) How is peace assessed?

(g) How are differences between people treated?

Every student has to contribute to this page. Please mark your entries with your signature. Please add your findings from website research and literature here.

英语笔译 卞王倩 Bian Wangqian 202170081563

(a)What role does money play?

Money is a useful and necessary tool only for humans. With money, most of the humans’ desires can be satisfied. Money can ensure one’s survival and development, bring people dignity and decency and even change one’s life. In fact, money does not always work, but its great advantages generally enable people to overlook its small disadvantages so that it has been the best love by most of the ordinary people.

(b)What role do physical work and machines play?

Physical work deals with those fields that machines fail to work. Machines work better than physical work in some fields as they spend less time doing a better job. Physical work and machines are both coined by humans and for humans.

(c)How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved?

Culture, history and somebody jointly characterize and make a nation. Culture determines the qualities of its people; history is a record of its past and a mirror of its future; somebody leads its people toward a better future.

Dialogue and compromise contribute to peace. The strong asks, and the weak compromises, and the two with well-matched strength change interests.

(d)What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China?

Among western nations, the technical superiority causes their airs of moral superiority over China, but in fact, they hold no moral superiority over China. Because true moral superiority comes from a long history and the profound culture of a nation in the persistent pursuit of peace and development. China is a good example. China has seen its technology developing rapidly in recent years, but its traditions guide it to be committed to the road of defending peace and offering kindness rather than presenting its moral superiority, which can be better evidenced by its international aid during this lingering pandemic.

(e) What is China's position in Asia / the world?

Under the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China and the joint efforts of all Chinese people, China has witnessed its improved national strength and increased international influence in the current world. In all respects, China is a strong contributor and motivator to Asia and the world.

(f) What government system prevails? How did it come about?

The government can be seen as a political system, including a set of institutions in charge of legislation, law enforcement and management in a region. Government in the broad sense includes the legislature, the executive, the judiciary, and the military organs, and the government in the narrow sense refers only to the executive branch. The five more common political systems around the world include Democracy, Republic, Monarchy, Communism and Dictatorship.

Like many facets of modern life, the first forms of government emerged when the very first civilizations began to form.

(g) How is peace assessed?

Just refer to its opposite: war. Once a war is waged, peace is no longer. In fact, there is no absolute peace in the current world due to some irreconcilable conflict between nations. Regional peace and global peace need common efforts by all nations involved.

(h) How are differences between people treated?

People are born different. So is the way they are treated. The strong get respect, the beautiful are admired, the weak are bullied and the minority are defied. Let alone those people of different genders, colors and nations. Actually, the world is full of charm just thanks to the presence of different people. And the discrimination should be removed.

英语笔译 曹姣 Cao Jiao 202170081564

(a) What role does money play? Money provides economic foundation for what we're going to achieve. It can't pay for everything. But without it, we was even unable to afford three meals.

(b) What role do physical work and machines play? Machines can make physical work easier for human being, and can even replace human in some basic or regular work. As for their roles, the former can improve one’s health and reduce the risk of developing some diseases like diabetes,cardiovascular disease. In addition, it’s also good for one’s state of mind. The latter, machines, can reduce the risk of injuries from dangerous work.

(c) How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved? As for the second question, I think the United Nations plays a key role in resolving international conflicts. It always encourages an active communication between the conflicting countries. So does China. So I think China has also made great efforts in facilitating the peaceful ending of conflict and retribution through its philosophy of build a community with a shared future for mankind.

(d) What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China? Because Western nations took the lead in the Revolution of Science and Technology, they might think themselves superior to the rest. Power-driven countries believe power is of paramount importance, so moral superiority should subordinate to technical one. While China, conventionally, has put good morality in the first place.

(e) What is China's position in Asia / the world? China positions itself as a stabilizer for Asia and even for the whole world. It always engages in safeguarding world peace and encourages to resolve conflicts by peaceful communication. Committed in create a community with a shared-future, it sticks to the principle of win-win cooperation.

(e) What government system prevails? How did it come about? Government system can be roughly divided into 3 types: autocracy, democracy and oligarchy. Autocracy is “rule by one.” In an autocratic government, one person -- the autocrat -- has all the power and makes all the decisions.There are many different forms of democracy, but what makes a democracy different from all other forms of government is the participation of the people in decision-making. In an oligarchy, a few rulers control the government. These rulers gain their power and maintain their authority as a result of their wealth or another form of influence. The prevalent government system is the democracy. It originated from Ancient Greek.

(f) How is peace assessed? Peace can be assessed through GPI(Global Peace Index), which attempt to measure the relative position of nations’ and regions’ peacefulness. The index gauges global peace using 3 broad themes: the level of safety and security, the extent of domestic and international conflict and the degree of militarization Peace is not static but contextual. It has been viewed as absence of tension having the presence of justice or a respecting human rights, well being and freedom of individuals.

(g) How are differences between people treated? People with different colors, with different economic foundation, or with unusual habits may be treated differently. When you are looking for a partner, you will probably have a preference. It’s not always something about discrimination.

英语笔译 邓阳林 Deng Yanglin 202170081567

(a) What role does money play? I think money is best described as a moral baggage, but the value of money itself is more neatly captured by the Ancient Romans' baggage. It is necessary to march. It can turn a battle into a victory, or it can drag down a perfect battle, but it is indispensable. Money is like a baggage, keeping and discarding are in a dilemma. If you throw them away, you will be deprived of sustenance, even material life; If you save, your wealth will increase. But if you have too much money, it is not really useful, except for charity, and only some illusion.

(b) What role do physical work and machines play?

Physical work serves as the most key step for the operation of machines which also improve the efficiency and accuracy of the former.

(c) How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved? A nation is characterized by its history and culture which exert a great impact on the development of a nation. When conflicts between nations occur, it is sensible to find a solution.The solution should take their common interest into consideration, or even put the interest in the first place.Only in such a perspective, nations can reach a consensus of accepting the overall solution.

(d) What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China? The West is earlier than our industrial revolution, so in technology, we have to learn from the West, and in the field of moral, we have a longer history than the West, some ideas may be more specialized after a long time of accumulation.The last but not least, it's a mutual learning, mutual integration process between East and West

(e) What is China's position in Asia / the world?

China has always stood by the side of rightness.

(e) What government system prevails? How did it come about? Now, government system varies from one country to another.Chinese government stands up for socialism, while Western nations sustain capitalism.The reason responsible for this result is that China has a historical reality and realistic national conditions differing from that of western countries.

(f) How is peace assessed? Peace usually refers to the absence of war or other hostile acts of violence. It is also used to describe a person who is not excited or quiet. In general, the maintenance of a state of peace between states is the aspiration of most people and organizations, especially international organizations such as the United Nations. Peace can be spontaneous, and political agitators can avoid getting too excited; Peace can also be coercive, such as the use of coercion to restrain those who cause disturbances.

(g) How are differences between people treated? It is inevitable that differences between people take place.In such circumstances, the diversity should be treated by respecting others' shortcoming and strength.

英语笔译 何丽娜 He Lina 202170081569

(a)What role does money play?

Actually, money is a universal equivalent which is set by the authority and it is a medium for people to change those they want or need, so that people can get food and clothes,and even a superior expectations. But on the other hand money is a lust stimulating people to get more by all means.

(b)What role do physical work and machines play?

Through physical work, human earn their living and creates the world,including the machine which can save manual labor and time. It is believed that physical work and machine are complementary with each other. Both two are necessary in the world.

(c) How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved?

A state is a social group that shares a common language, culture, ethnicity, territory, government or history, and a nation always has the political power; If there exist conflicts between nations, usually we will face two situation: one is to take hostile actions,even the war;another is to have rational and peaceful negotiations. It is evident that confrontation or war is no good for nations and their people and we hope all the nations can seek peaceful measures to cope with conflicts.

(d) What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China?

Since the late Qing dynasty, western technology was more advanced than China,and western countries tried to add its self-righteous morality to Chinese people. But Chinese people have a traditional culture which shows their age-old moral and spiritual superiority. So no matter the writers with advanced thinking in the late Qing dynasty or people living in the modern society, we all think it necessary to learn the advanced technology of western countries and we have the confidence that finally China will be technologically superior to the West on account of its age-old moral and spiritual superiority.

(e)What is China's position in Asia / the world?

In Asia, China has always been a major country influencing our neighbors for its profound history and culture. What’s more, some other Asian countries were the subordinate state of China in the ancient times and now China also becomes one of the most important centre of development in Asia; as for in the world, China is one of the four ancient civilisations and occupies an important strategic position in the world. Today, as the largest developing country and one of the members of the UN Security Council, China actively handles international affairs and seek well-beings for all the people, and it is becoming increasingly important in the international stage.

(f)What government system prevails? How did it come about?

Today,many nations in the world are capitalist countries in which there are republics and constitutional monarchies. As far as I am concerned, many countries adopt a republican system in the world. The republic was established that western people at that time were against feudal monarchy and aspired democracy and liberty. But in China we will adhere to socialism and the people's congress system.

(g)How is peace assessed?

A peaceful world would be free of killing, fighting, hunger, destruction, corruption and violence. Everyone would have access to education and healthcare, and everyone would live a happy and ordinary life.

(h) How are differences between people treated?

We need to accept everyone's differences, respect them and treat each one equally. --He Lina (talk) 14:34, 28 March 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 黄琼 Huang Qiong 202170081571

(a)What role does money play? Money reflects the value and is a channel of resources, an opportunity; is a force, the most explosive energy, affecting pain and happiness; It is a tool for education, learning, knowledge, and growth. It can change people's futures and destinies. Money can measure the value of most concrete things, and it has also made a significant contribution to human civilization, making mankind progress from barter business to modern society with open trading platforms such as stocks, real estate, finance and so on. (b)What role do physical work and machines play? Manual labor is of great value. Labor creates the world, wealth. Labor is the first basic condition of the entire human life. In a sense, labor creates man himself. Language comes out of and with labor. Similarly, it is labor that makes our hands more flexible. It can be said that physical labor is the foundation of all labor. It turned Western technology into a “spiritual technology” that justifies China’s own cultural and philosophical past while simultaneously placing this past in a distant future which seems to go even “beyond” the one imagined by Western writers. That is, finally China will be technologically superior to the West on account of its age-old moral and spiritual superiority.(c) How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved? The state is the irreconcilable product of class contradictions, and the need of class rule is the root cause of the state. In the struggle between slaves and slave owners at the end of primitive society, slave owners gradually established violent institutions and management institutions, such as the army, to pressure slaves to resist and maintain their own economic interests and social status, forming a state and establishing a national system. Countries did not always exist. It emerged when the productive forces developed to a certain stage and classes came into being. Fundamentally speaking, the creation of private ownership, class and state is the result of the development of productive forces. China maintains that "dialogue" is the right way to peacefully settle international disputes. Meanwhile, the role of the United Nations in conflict prevention should be strengthened. (c)What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China? Chinese scientific and technological superiority is especially linked to China’s moral superiority. In ancient China, people thought knowledge and virtues are inseparable. But in western nations, it’s not the same. (d)What is China's position in Asia / the world? Since the reform and opening up, China's economic strength has grown significantly. Foreign economic exchanges and international trade have developed rapidly, and with scientific and technological progress and economic development, China's strategic military strength has also been continuously enhanced, and its defense combat capability under modern conditions has been greatly enhanced. China is one of the permanent members of the UN Security Council and one of the core powers. China's position in Asia and the world cannot be ignored. (e)What government system prevails? How did it come about? Democracy is prevailing. It first arose in ancient Greece and has developed over time. The ancient Athenians believed that all citizens, excluding slaves, were equal in all respects. Modern democracy means that the people are the masters of the country, and democracy (people's democracy) is periodically elected by the people (the masses) by universal suffrage. Democratic candidates are nominated by a margin of political parties that control society. (f)How is peace assessed? Peace is people's demand and desire for a happy life, while war is an extreme solution to human social contradictions. The relationship between war and peace has always been one of the fundamental issues of human civilization because it concerns the survival and development of mankind and the future of civilization.(g)How are differences between people treated? To look at the gap between people dialectically, some things are similar, for example, human nature is similar; Some things are impossible to compare, such as innate resources. Therefore, we should treat the gap between people objectively and rationally, which is normal and objective.

英语笔译 李思源 Li Siyuan 202170081575

(a) What role does money play? It acts like a boost to make our life better. But, it doesn't mean that more is better. People chasing it all the time can seldom get true happiness, because things they have sacrificed are much more important, like, time, health, friends... Views on money can definitely influence our life. (b) What role do physical work and machines play? Thanks to those manual workers, we are able to develop fields on all sorts of machines. Integration of the two factors plays an important role in developing our country. Both cannot be less. (c) How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved? A country should be inclusive, positive, open and peace-loving. Mutual respect is the key to resolve conflicts between nations. (d) What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China? For many years, western countries reckon that they are superior, neglect the development of China. When they realized it, they can do nothing but defame the Oriental Dragon, because they know that their many aspects in technology are left behind China. (e) What is China's position in Asia / the world? Since ancient times, China has been a peace-loving country that pursues progress. Therefore, China will never seek hegemony. Inviting the rest of countries in Asia, China has always been committed to contributing to the progress of Asia. (e) What government system prevails? How did it come about? Of course socialism. It spares no effort to pursue happiness for all socialist members. (f) How is peace assessed? People across the world are living with happiness. No conflict, no racism, no war. (g) How are differences between people treated? Mutual respect is the most important part between people.

英语笔译 李婷 Li Ting 202170081576

(a) As the saying goes, money is not everything, but without money you can do nothing. I think this sentence can describe the contradiction of money. If you pay too much attention to money, utilitarianism is inevitable, while ignoring the role of money makes it difficult to do anything. What money does is transaction, which means that everything, even emotions, can be exchanged with the consent of both parties. This is an extreme statement, but it does exist. But when it comes to people who don't have a strong desire for money, money has little effect.

(b) First of all, as far as physical labor is concerned, in China, schools generally emphasize the all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor, which shows the importance of labor in student training. Work can not only help people exercise, but also enable people to understand the difficulties of manual workers and learn to put themselves in others' shoes. In addition, about the role of machines, I believe that now we have really realized its beauties, such as washing machines, dishwashers, sweeper and so on have greatly liberated human hands; And mobile phones, TV sets, refrigerators and so on provide the ultimate enjoyment of human beings. However, while seeing the function of its function, we can not completely rely on the machine, which will gradually make us lose the ability to do things or even think.

(c) In a broad sense, a country is a social group that shares a common language, culture, ethnicity, territory, government, or history. In a narrow sense, a country is a community formed by people within a certain range. Generally, conflicts between countries end in war or peace negotiations.

(d) First of all, it was the development of western science and technology that opened the door to modern China and brought misery to China. But there is no denying that it also opened the horizon of modern Chinese people and brought scientific knowledge to China. In addition, western political and ethical thoughts have also greatly influenced China, and the concept of democracy and freedom is deeply rooted in people's hearts. All of this has had an important impact on China today.

(e) First, China is an independent political power, a developing country with rapid economic growth, and a country with strong military defense capabilities. Second, China is a permanent member of the UN Security Council and the only permanent member among developing countries. China is playing an increasingly important role in promoting justice and upholding justice through the forum of the United Nations. Third, as the largest socialist country in the world, China has always pursued an independent foreign policy of peace and firmly followed the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and reform and opening up. China has become a country with great characteristics and influence in the world. Fourth, as the largest developing country, China has provided successful experience for developing countries to get rid of poverty. Politically, China has strengthened solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries and made important contributions to the cause of opposing hegemonism and safeguarding peace. At present, China is the largest developing country with the strongest comprehensive strength in the world. Its status and influence in international affairs are constantly rising, and China has become an important force on the international stage.

(f) The government system varies from country to country. It is impossible to say which is more popular. It is determined according to the political system and basic national conditions of each country.

(g) Peace means the absence of war or other armed conflicts. The way to evaluate peace is to see whether people can live and work in peace and whether a country can maintain prolonged stability.

(h) Everyone is different, including personality, hobbies and so on, are unique. Therefore, we need to treat the differences between people in a correct way, and respect that others have different preferences from our own. We should not to ridicule, comment, and slander others' preference.

英语笔译 聂薇 Nie Wei 202170081592

(a) What role does money play? In literature, money can be viewed as the patron, who support the work of those writers. So to some extent, their writings are confined to a specific topic, and sometimes they have to write something conforming to the ideas of those providing the money rather than their own thoughts. (b) What role do physical work and machines play? Physical work and machines are the symbol of the coming of the Industrial age. They promoted the massive production and technological improvements, thus bringing about social revolution. (c) How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved? Every nation’s characteristics derive from its historical traditions and realities. Its own culture, history, political system, technological base and other traditions, as well as its current situation in many aspects, including economic, political and cultural fronts, have a bearing on its characteristics. Conflicts between nations have to be solved by effective communication and mutual understanding. They have to respect each other’s interests and rights, and then pursue common development rather than harming others to benefit itself. (d) What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China? Some Chinese writers believe that western technology is more advanced than China, and China is morally and spiritually superior to western countries. But this is not always the case. China’s technology is developing rapidly, and in western countries, their moral and spiritual standards are improving. So there is no concrete relationship between them, I think, the belief mentioned above is just based on prejudice. (e) What is China's position in Asia / the world? China has always been a firm force for safeguarding world peace and stability. China has made important contributions to world economic development and cultural diversity, has always respected the sovereignty and interests of all countries, and has played an important role in both Asia and world peace. (f) What government system prevails? How did it come about? Now, capitalism prevails the world, but in China, we will always adhere to the road of socialism and let the people run the country. This is in line with China's historical reality and realistic national conditions, and it is the right path found in the years of exploration, and it is originated from Marxism. (g) How is peace assessed? Peace refers to a state of no war or hostile violence, with countries focusing on their own development and the common development of the world, rather than infringing on the interests of other countries and provoking wars. (h) How are differences between people treated? We should respect the differences between people, understand each other and be inclusive, learn from each other, and not adopt a hostile attitude.--Nie Wei (talk) 08:38, 28 March 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 孙丽君 Sun Lijun 202170081593

(a) What role does money play? Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts in a particular country or socio-economic context, or is easily converted to such a form. Though in our daily life, money is essential for us to maintain the orderly operations, it can be an exaggerator too, it depends on different outlooks of life. (b)What role do physical work and machines play? Physical work is a factor of production and people need to perform with their strength, while machines are the outcomes of industrial revolution, helping people free their hands and reduce working hours and save labor costs to some extent. Both are very important in today’s world to make our life better if combing the two ways. (c)How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved? The nature of a nation is related to its long-lasting history and culture, and which is presented through the ideology. The conflicts between nations can be solved via peaceful talks and negotiations. (d)What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of western nations and China? From the China’s perspective, many Chinese people think that the westerners are lack of moral cultivation even though their technologies have advanced by leaps and bounds. However, some think that those people are just tempted to deal with the inferiority complex with the West. And I think no matter the technical superiority in the west or moral superiority in China, both are prejudice-oriented and both need to respect each other’s tenets on an equal basis. (e) What is China’s position in Asia/ the world? Throughout the history, we can learn that China has undergone periods of prosperity and decay and nowadays China is the largest developing country in the world, playing an increasingly important role in world’s economy, politics, environmental protection and other aspects. China is the main force to maintain the peace and stability in Asia and even worldwide. (f)What government system prevails? How did it come about? In China, the people’s status as masters of the country is the essence of people’s democracy, and in China, people implement the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the system of People’s Congress under the leadership of CPC, which is due to the China’s special national conditions and the result of historical development and the support of Chinese people. (g)How is peace assessed? Peace means that there is no conflicts or confrontations, and peace is determined by a process of adjustment between what people, groups or states will do. And peace is based on a consequent powers and equal communications. Someone said that peace is achieved through war, thus we should cherish the hard-won peaceful life nowadays. (h)How are differences between people treated? People in different countries have differences in skin colors, religious beliefs and speak different languages and receive different education. The whole world is full of differences, what we should do is respect each other, learn from each other and exchange more on the equal and inclusive basis.--Sun Lijun (talk) 11:13, 28 March 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 王思琪 Wang Siqi 202170081597

(a) What role does money play? Money is the material conditions that support people's survival and can meet the basic needs of human beings, such as food, clothing, housing and transportation. To a certain extent, the economy affects the quality of life and spiritual needs, and the economic foundation determines the superstructure,but money is not omnipotent. (b) What role do physical work and machines play? Machines are unconsciously following human procedures to complete specified tasks, machines can save time and labor costs, and physical work provides more job opportunities for those with little knowledge compared to mental labor. (c) How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved? The soft and hard power of a nation has a profound impact on a nation's status in the international arena, and economic, cultural, and military aspects may be the hallmarks of a nation; one way to resolve conflicts is to insist on seeking common ground while reserving differences and resolving national conflicts in a peaceful manner. (d) What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China? In terms of certain technologies, the West is indeed better than us at the moment, and it is worth learning. However, Chinese economy is developing steadily and rapidly, with advanced high-speed rail technology, aerospace technology, quantum technology, and rice technology, etc. The West cannot match China in certain technological fields, so it is not clear whether Western technology will continue to lead in the future; in terms of morality, we cannot generalize, and some Western countries are standing on the moral high ground and trying to disturb the situation of world peace, and some Western countries are morally less superior. (e) What is China's position in Asia / the world? China's role as a developing power in Asia and the world is to maintain the international order while providing innovative solutions to global governance, assuming the responsibility of a great power and being an important force for peace in Asia and the world, and China's economic growth plays a positive role for the people of Asia and the world. (e) What government system prevails? How did it come about? A system that always puts the people first prevails, the people are in charge and their legitimate rights and interests are protected. (f) How is peace assessed? There are no wars or conflicts, the country is prosperous and the people are at peace，and everything is running smoothly and orderly. (g) How are differences between people treated? people are inherently different in various ways and we should not treat them unfairly because they are different from us.we should give them equal treatment.--Wang Siqi (talk) 14:42, 28 March 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 王亚娟 Wang Yajuan 202170081598

(a) Money plays an indispensable role in our daily life. Money can be used to buy all our daily necessities, to participate in recreational activities, to treat diseases, etc. Money is the basis of all material life. (b) Engagement in manual labor is very common in production, and the function of machines overlap with that of manual labor to a large extent. The advent of machines has greatly increased productivity and has replaced some of the manual labor. At present, both manual labor and machines are present in some production activities. In the future, machines will replace more manual labor and play a greater role in people’s life. (c) The nation is distinctly class-based and has a tightly organized system. Conflicts between nations are generally resolved through negotiation (a common way in modern societies) or war (a common way in history), or war followed by negotiation. (d) There is a conflict between the two views. The underlying reasons behind it are related to their different histories and cultures. But it also shows that both sides recognize that technology and morality can be in contradiction in many situations. (e) As an influential player in Asia and the world, China has always been a promoter of peace and development. (f) Democracy is prevailing. It first arose in ancient Greece and has developed over time. (g) There is no war, no conflict between countries. (h) In economic, political, and social terms, colored people are discriminated against in comparison to Caucasians; women are discriminated against in comparison to men.--Wang Yajuan (talk) 08:22, 28 March 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 肖佳莉 Xiao Jiali 202170081600

(a) What role does money play? Sometimes, in literature, money gives birth to literary creation; literary creation reversely leads to monetary material (happens to writers with wealthy status and talent), money becomes the purpose of literary creation. As writers and readers keep changing, this relationship will be constantly new and will take different forms in different regions and cultures.(b) What role do physical work and machines play? Previously, the entire production power relied on human and animal power. As the market demand increased, manual production in factories could no longer meet the demand, and there was an urgent need for large factory production. Machines then replaced human labor, driving the industrial revolution. (c) How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved? The nation’s characteristics derive from its history, we can summarize them like Chinese virtues: loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, compassion, fidelity, righteousness, peacefulness, equality. Conflicts between nations can be solved by mutual benefit and effective communication. (d) What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China?The West is earlier than our industrial revolution, so in technology, we have to learn from the West, and in the field of moral, we have a longer history than the West, some ideas may be more specialized after a long time of accumulation.The last but not least, it's a mutual learning, mutual integration process between East and West(e) What is China's position in Asia / the world?We are a developing country now, we adhere to the policy of independent and peaceful diplomacy, adhere to the five principles of peaceful coexistence, and resolutely maintain peace and oppose war. (f) What government system prevails? How did it come about?We adhere to socialism, which is related to our history and national conditions, and socialism is the right path for us(g) How is peace assessed? Peace usually means a state where there is no war or other hostile acts of violence, where each person is focused on himself, and each nation is focused on itself. (h) How are differences between people treated? We should think more about the reasons for the differences,, and understand these differences in a more tolerant manner.--Xiao Jiali (talk) 10:28, 28 March 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 郑冬琴 Zheng Dongqin 202170081610

a)What role does money play? In the age of money worship, money is the master of literature. In the 1990s, the commercialization of Chinese literature resulted in a lack of quality and artistic skills. So literature remained enslaved, although its master changed from politics to money.b)What role do physical work and machines play? Physical work and machines accelerated the Industrial Revolution, which greatly increased the productivity of western countries. However, it also promoted the outbreak of the war of aggression to some extent.c)How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved? A state is a social group with settled people, defined territory, an independent government, and complete sovereignty. Conflicts between states should be resolved in a peaceful manner. We should seek the greatest common good and adopt a diplomatic attitude of mutual respect.d) What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China? They influence and transform each other. Some Chinese writers believe that western technology is more advanced than China, but China is morally and spiritually superior to western countries. Finally China will be technologically superior to the West on account of its age-old moral and spiritual superiority.e)What is China's position in Asia / the world? China is playing an increasingly important role in the world, which has contributed greatly to promoting world economic growth, maintaining world peace and promoting world cultural prosperity.f) What government system prevails? How did it come about? Socialism is the most popular system of government. China, for example, is a socialist country. In China, all the power of the state belongs to the people. Our country is committed to protecting all the rights and interests of the people.g) How is peace assessed? Peace is evaluated by different people in terms of technology, the pace of national development, new global order and universal values. But what we really need for world peace is universal morality and a pure human nature.h) How are differences between people treated?All men are born to be equal. All people should be treated equally no matter what color of skin we are, what religion we believe in, or how rich we are. People should live in harmony, respect, accept and tolerate each other.--Zheng Dongqin (talk) 06:25, 28 March 2022 (UTC)