20221231 LangCult 7

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202270081661 夏盼 Xia Pan 英语笔译(English translation)

Topic

The Contemporary Influence of the Three Kingdoms Culture

Xia Pan 202270081661

Abstract

This chapter contains some basic knowledge and modern influence of Three kingdoms Culture in terms of economy, culture and society. Among these effects, this chapter concentrates on the economic effect of Three kingdom Culture.

Key Words

Three kingdoms, Cultural influence, Economic value

202270081662 夏紫纯 Xia Zichun 英语笔译(English translation)

The Application of the New Four Inventions and its Role in the Global Dissemination of Chinese Culture Abstract This chapter mainly talks about the development of the New Four Inventions boosted by, their significance and powerful dissemination to the rest of the world. It draws a conclusion that China is overcoming its shortcomings, desperately trying to improve its technological level and achieving major breakthroughs in some important areas.

202270081663 向明慧 Xiang Minghui 英语笔译(English translation) Modern Applications of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Modern Applications of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Abstract

This chapter contains some basic knowledge and influential modern applications of Traditional Chinese Medicine in terms of disease prevention and control, aromatherapy, regimen and cosmetology.

Key Words

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), modern applications

Introduction

TCM could be traced back to a Chinese mythology that Shennong tasted hundred herbs for medical. It’s becoming popular in recent years.

Basic Knowledge of TCM

a.In Yellow Emperor’s Inner Cannon, theories and therapies of TCM are depicted. It’s the earliest work about Chinese medicine still in existence. It contains some basic concepts of TCM: yin and yang, the five elements, meridian, regimen , pulse condition, etc.

b.Bianque, a well-known doctor in the Warring States Period,put forward the Four Diagnosis Methods, namely observation, auscultation, interrogation and palpation. Observation is to observe the patient’s appearance and mental state; auscultation means listening to the voice and breath of patients; interrogation is to ask for the symptoms and changes of illnesses; and palpation is to fell the pulse of a patient.(Hou Xianglang and Houmingxia,2015)

c.Compendium of Materia Medica by Li Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty, is a masterpiece in the pharmacology of TCM. The basic theories of materia medica and TCM before the Ming Dynasty are summarized in the work. As plants, animal by-products and minerals are widely used in TCM, and agricultural civilization is deeply rooted in China for thousands of years, Li’s book not only covers medicine and pharmacy but also botany, zoology, mineralogy, physics, chemistry and agronomy. For example, in the aspect of mineralogy, the origin and characteristics of oil are described in detail; in terms of chemistry, the method of testing the authenticity of chalcanthite is expounded; in the aspect of physics, the magnitude of rainfall is inferred from the change of humidity in the air; in terms of agronomy, grafting technology is depicted to improve fruit tree varieties.

d.Traditional Chinese Medicine in China rolled out by the State Council Information Office of the PRC has summarized five characteristics of TCM: (1) Holistic view. TCM deems that the relationship between humans and nature is an interactive and inseparable whole. (2) Emphasis on harmony. TCM holds that a person's physical health depends on harmony in the functions of body organs, good mental state, and adaption to different environments. (3) Personalized therapy. TCM treats a disease based on full consideration of the individual constitution and climatic and seasonal conditions. (4) Preventative treatment as a core. TCM advocates that a person's health can be improved through emotional adjustment, balanced labor and rest, a sensible diet, and a regular life. (5) Simplicity. In addition to medication, TCM has many non-pharmacological alternative approaches such as acupuncture, moxibustion, cupping and gua sha. There is no need for complex equipment.

Modern Applications of TCM

a.Infectious disease prevention and control

Tu Youyou and her research team established the extraction method of artemisinin on the basis of a great deal of researches on traditional Chinese medicine and were inspired by the Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergency. At present, artemisinin and its derivatives are the most effective for the treatment of malaria in the world. Artemisinin combination therapy, used in malaria areas of almost all countries and regions, treats more than 100 million cases a year and has reduced the incidence and mortality of malaria in the world.(Yuan Yanan et al.,2017)

During Covid-19, Yupingfeng Powder, Zhenqi Fuzheng Preparation, Huoxiang Zhengqi Preparation, Lianhua Qingwen Capsule and other internal medicine are usually recommended for vulnerable people or those under medical observation with fatigue and fever. Although the above prescriptions have played an important role in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, it’s not recommended for healthy people to take them.(Chen Hongzhi et al.,2020)

b.Aromatherapy of TCM

It refers to the treatment in which smoke, sachet, spray made of aromatic Chinese medicines infiltrate into the body through nasal cavity, skin or oral cavity to exert its efficacy. Plant essential oils and other aromatherapy products are used in massage, bath, smell, and external application to improve metabolism and speed up the elimination of toxins in the body.(Yang Dingquan,2017)

c.Regimen, Cosmetology and TCM

There are great number of records of cosmetic prescriptions in Qing Imperial Palace archives. In modern times, people can improve their health and enhance their appearance by taking medicated diet or using TCM therapies (acupuncture, massage, cupping and gua sha) and beauties containing Chinese herb extracts. Many content creators on varied platforms shared their experiences of receiving TCM therapies. Here is an excerpt from an article by Hannah Seo published in New York Times, Sept. 12, 2022.

If you scroll through Tiktok and Instagram for long enough, you’ll likely find someone scraping, brushing or massaging their skin in pursuit of better health or an enhanced appearance. Testimonies abound — about body scraping to loosen stiff limbs, gua sha for a sculpted jawline, vibrating facial massagers to reduce puffiness, dry brushing for “detoxing”.

Indeed cupping, acupuncture and gua sha are all the rage. Many athletes tried acupuncture and cupping to deal with problems like sore muscles and stiff joints. For instance, in Rio Olympics 2016, swimmer Michael Phelps had cupping, leaving a bunch of reddish-purple marks on his body.

Drawbacks of TCM

TCM has its shortcomings. For example, it’s difficult to evaluate whether TCM nutrition could play a major role in treatment of various diseases (Zhao Xinyu, et al.,2020). Many TCM prescriptions were based on practitioners’ experience but are lack of evidence-based research.

Foreign researchers find that TCM methodology for diagnosis and pathology treatment heavily relies on the time of exposure for all ailments. Other limitations of this metanalysis include the many variables of patient demographics, different herbal preparations, and access to funding to purchase such preparations. ( L. Dr A. Varon, D. Varon & J. Varon,2020)

Therefore, many Chinese doctors tend to combine treatments from TCM and western medicine so as to find optimal therapies for patients.

Conclusion

TCM could provide inspirations for the R&D of modern pharmacy, cosmetology and other fields. Due to its limitations, more researches are to be done about efficacy and safety.

Terms and Expressions

Yellow Emperor’s Inner Cannon 《黄帝内经》

meridian 经脉

regimen 养生

pulse condition 脉象

observation 望

auscultation闻

interrogation问

palpation切

Compendium of Materia Medica 《本草纲目》

agronomy农学

chalcanthite胆矾，石胆

Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergency 《肘后备急方》

artemisinin combination therapy 青蒿素联合疗法

Yupingfeng Powder 玉屏风散

Zhenqi Fuzheng Preparation 贞芪扶正制剂

Huoxiang Zhengqi Preparation 藿香正气制剂

Lianhua Qingwen Capsule 连花清瘟胶囊

sachet香囊

cupping拔罐

gua sha刮痧

medicated diet药膳

acupuncture针灸

beauties 美容产品

Questions

1.What is the earliest work about Chinese medicine still in existence?

2.What are the five characteristics of TCM?

3.Which kind of therapy is used in malaria areas of almost all countries and regions?

4.What is Aromatherapy of TCM?

5.What kind of TCM treatments are all the rage on social media?

Answers

1.Yellow Emperor’s Inner Cannon

2.Holistic view; Emphasis on harmony; Personalized therapy; Preventative treatment as a core; Simplicity

3.artemisinin combination therapy

4.It refers to the treatment in which smoke, sachet, spray made of aromatic Chinese medicines infiltrate into the body through nasal cavity, skin or oral cavity to exert its efficacy.

5.cupping, acupuncture and gua sha

References

1.http://www.scio.gov.cn/zfbps/ndhf/34120/index.htm《中国的中医药》白皮书[Traditional Chinese Medicine in China]

2.Hou Xianglang and Houmingxia侯香浪，何明霞(2015).中国文化英语教程 [An English Course of Chinese Culture]. Wuhan: Wuhan University武汉大学

3.Yuan Yannan,et al.( 2017)袁亚男, 姜廷良, 周兴, 等. 青蒿素的发现和发展[Discovery and development of artemisinin (in Chinese)].科学通报 [Chin Sci Bull](18):1914-1927

4.Chen Hongzhi,et al.(2020)陈泓志,陈虎博,王晨曦,龚彦溶,向兴,张慧卿.中医常用防疫方药的现代应用[Current application of commonly used traditional Chinese herbal medicine and formulae for preventing severe infectious diseases].药学服务与研究 [Pharm Care Res](4):292

5.Yang Dingquan(2017)杨顶权.中医美容之路——传承创新,整合发展[Chinese Medicine and Cosmetology --Inheritance,Innovation and Development]. 皮肤科学通报 [Dermatology Bulletin](6):629

6.Hannah Seo, New York Times, Sept. 12,2022

7.Zhao Xinyu, et al.(2020).Nutrition and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM): a system's theoretical perspective. European journal of clinical nutrition(2)

8. L. Dr Adylle Varon,Daryelle S. Varon & Joseph Varon.(2020).Traditional chinese medicine and COVID-19: should emergency practitioners use it?. American Journal of Emergency Medicine (prepublish)

202270081664 肖家禹 Xiao Jiayu 英语笔译(English translation)

Insert non-formatted text here==202270081665 肖娜 Xiao Na 英语笔译(English translation)Chinese Festival: Double Ninth Festival==

Chinese Festival: Double Ninth Festival

Abstract

This chapter contains the origin, customs and modern values of the Double Ninth Festival.

Key Words

Origin,Customs ,Modern values,Double Ninth Festival.

Introduction

Chongyang Festival could be traced back the Book of Changes and it has become popular for many years.

The origin of Double Ninth Festival

Double Ninth Festival, “Chongyang” in Chinese, is also known for Cornel Festival or Chrysanthemum Festival or Chung Yeung Festival. The origin of "Chongyang" can be traced back to the ancient Book of Changes, “以阳爻为九”(Taking Yang Yao as nine),“爻(Yao)”means the symbols that form the diagrams and the “阳爻(Yang Yao)”means the hexagram of Qian. According to the earliest ancient philosophy, “Yin-Yang School”, the ancient people divided everything in the world into Yin and Yang, and numbers are no exception. （Baidu Baike-“Yang Yao” ）（Chen Yan 2011,58） In Chinese，nine is regarded as yang number (which means masculine as supposed to yin which is feminine). The ninth day of the ninth month is the day that has two yang members and chong in Chinese means double, which is how the name Chongyang came into being. ( Hou Xianglang, He Mingxia 2015,173) Generally speaking, some customs of the Double Ninth Festival have been shown in the social traditional customs of the pre-Qin Dynasty. The Festival, took shape in the Eastern Han Dynasty and was finalized in Six Dynasties, which has been an important traditional festival widely spread among the people now. （Chen Yan 2011,58） In the year of 1989, Chongyang Festival was designated as Senior's Day-a day to respect the elderly. Many companies organize trips for senior citizens to climb mountains on the day. Members of a family also accompany their elders to have outings. ( Hou Xianglang, He Mingxia 2015,174)

Traditional customs of the Double Ninth Festival

1.Climbing Mountains Since the Western Han Dynasty, it has been the custom of climbing on the Chongyang Festival. There was a tradition of filial piety and respect for the elderly. In addition, the custom could drive away bad luck and disasters and “climbing to a higher position”, which are the reasons why ancient people paid much more attention to the custom. Apart from these, the elderly value it because that has a meaning of “climbing to a longer life”. (Baidu Baike-“Double Ninth Festival”)

2. Appreciating Chrysanthemum September is also known as “chrysanthemum month”. Chrysanthemum, originated in China and was recorded in some Chinese books as early as the Fifth century B.C., which has a beautiful name –the flower of longevity. And the flower is a traditional herbal medicine for the Double Ninth Festival, so drinking chrysanthemum wine and enjoying chrysanthemum are also traditional activities on the Double Ninth Festival (Wang Xiaoying 2006, 95)

3. Drinking Chrysanthemum Wine Chrysanthemums have the function of antitoxin (抗毒素) and can drive the evil away. Chinese people believe that by drinking chrysanthemum wine, all kinds of diseases and disasters can be cured and prevented. Thus, drinking chrysanthemum wine is an indispensable part of the festival. As nine is pronounced “jiu”, meaning long in Chinese, so people endow the word “jiu” with the meaning of longevity. ( Hou Xianglang, He Mingxia 2015,174)( Rothschild N. Harry.2021,39)

4. Eating Double Ninth Cake In September, the rice is ripe, which is a kind of food in that reason and considered as sacrifices to ancestors. In China, “Gao (cake)” has the same pronunciation with “Gao (height)”. Therefore, eating cake also means climbing.

5. Ancestors Worship The Chongyang Festival is one of the four traditional Chinese ancestor worship festivals, and there is a tradition of ancestor worship and blessing among ancient folk. The most fundamental role of sacrificing ancestors is to enhance people's cultural identity and strengthen the cohesion of family and society. In the traditional custom, Qingming Festival is the "spring worship" and Chongyang Festival is the "autumn worship". The traditional custom to pay respect to ancestors has been continued to this day. (Baidu Baike-“Double Ninth Festival”)

6. Wearing Dogwood This custom originated in the Jin Dynasty，because “Double Ninth” is a symbol of fierce, so wearing dogwood is used for against evil . In addition, the custom is pursuit of beauty and longevity. This custom has faded with the subtle shift of the Double Ninth Festival, its humanistic value has been spread for a long time.(Chen Yan 2011,60)

The Modern Values of the Double Ninth Festival When General Secretary Xi Jinping talked about traditional culture, he once proposed to realize the creative transformation and innovative development of traditional culture, so we should find out the true values of the traditional culture, especially the traditional festival. Firstly, the historical and cultural resources contained in the Double Ninth Festival are the basis for us to tell the Chinese stories and enhance the spread of Chinese culture. The Ancient books and poetry show us how the ancient people celebrated the festival, which contains profound humanistic spirit that lays the foundation for our understanding and inheritance of the culture of the Festival. These colorful forms of the Festival harmonize the interpersonal relationships, monotonous life of the ancients, and carry the ethics of the ancient Chinese to respect the nature. Secondly, the Festival could boost the development of traditional industries. The Double Ninth Festival provides inspiration for the research and development and production of catering industry products. The Double Ninth cake, for instance, has a wide variety, rich nutrition and profound cultural connotation, which is combined with modern cakes that will add new varieties. (Ren Zheng 2020,77-78)

Conclusion Chongyang Fsetival contributes to the development of Chinese culture , economy and other fields.We should treat our traditional festival in a right way.

Terms Double Ninth Festival/ Cornel Festival/Chrysanthemum Festival / Chung Yeung Festival.重阳节 Book of Changes 《易经》 the hexagram of Qian 乾卦 Yin-Yang School阴阳说 Senior's Day 老人节 Climbing Mountains登高 Appreciating Chrysanthemum赏菊 Drinking Chrysanthemum Wine饮菊花酒 Eating Double Ninth Cake吃重阳糕 Ancestors Worship祭祀祖先 Wearing Dogwood 插茱萸

Questions 1. When did the Double Ninth Festival take shape? 2. What kind of custom means “climb to a higher position”? 3. What is called“ the flower of longevity”？ 4. When is “Autumn worship”?

Answers: 1. Eastern Han Dynasty 2. Climbing Mountains 3. Chrysanthemum 4. Chongyang Festival

References [1][Ren Zheng]任正.重阳节俗的历史检视与当代价值[The Historical Inspection and Contemporary Value of the Double Ninth Festival][J].山西高等学校社会科学学报[Journal of Social Science of Shanxi Colleges and Universities],2020,32(07):73-80.DOI:10.16396/j.cnki.sxgxskxb.2020.07. [2][Chen Yan]陈艳.重阳节的起源及风俗文化[The Origin and Customs and Culture of the Double Ninth Festival][J].内蒙古民族大学学报[Journal of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities],2011,17(03) [3][Wang Xiaoying]王小英.重阳节的起源及民俗文化意味[The Origin of the Double Ninth Festival Folk Culture Meaning][J].黑龙江教育学院学报[Journal of Hei longjiang Institute of Education],2006(06) [4]百度百科重阳节[Baidu Baike-“Double Ninth Festival”] [5]百度百科阳爻[Baidu Baike-“Yang Yao”] [6]https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1646788002989805100&wfr=spider&for=pc&searchword.(重阳节的介绍，introduction of Chongyang Festival) [7]中国文化英语教程=An English Course of Chinese Culture/侯香浪,何明霞[Hou Xianglang, He Mingxia].-武汉:武汉大学出版社[Wuhan, Wuhan University Press],2015.9 [8].The Double Ninth Festival[J].时代英语(高二),2022(05):2. [9]Rothschild N. Harry. Chrysanthemum Cakravartin: How the Convergence of the Double Ninth Festival and a Buddhist Prophecy of a Female Warrior King Helped Wu Zhao Inaugurate the Zhou Dynasty and Fashion a New Paradigm of Political Authority[J]. Tang Studies,2021,39(1). [10]. AsianDate All Set to Usher in China's Double Ninth Festival and Bring Good Luck to Members[J]. M2 Presswire,2015.

202270081666 肖喆琳 Xiao Zhelin 英语笔译(English translation)

Chinese Yellow River Valley and its Civilizations

Abstract

Chinese Yellow River Valley, the earliest developed area in China, is the birthplace of Chinese civilization. It is on this vast land that diligent and brave Chinese ancestors labored and lived, and produced brilliant ancient culture. This chapter aims to make a brief introduction about Chinese Yellow River Valley and expound its distinctive civilizations including river civilization, agricultural civilization and “Family state” values.

202270081668 谢茜敏 Xie Ximin 英语笔译(English translation)

Translation of metaphors in Chinese literary works: Taking the Dream of Red Mansions as an Example

Abstract:

Metaphors are common in daily life and are often presented in creative ways in Chinese literary works. This paper takes the Dream of Red Mansions as an example, and uses the cases of Chinese-English parallel corpus to study the metaphors in Chinese literary works and how they shall be translated.

202270081669 谢州周 Xie Zhouzhou 英语笔译(English translation)

The development of hip-pop culture in China