Difference between revisions of "User:Jiang Chenmei"
| Line 87: | Line 87: | ||
| − | + | '''Introduction''' | |
A plaque, also called a “biane” or a “e”, is often hung above the portal of a building, just like a person's forehead. The plaque is generally used to point out the name of the building, but also can borrow the scene lyric. Couplets, that is, antithetical couplets, duzi, often composed of two sentences in opposition, hanging on the lintel of the building, walls, etc. Generally speaking, plaques and couplets complement each other. Plaques are the enrichment of couplets, and couplets are the expansion of couplets. The two are indispensable components of Chinese gardens. In the natural and cultural landscape of gardens, they often play a finishing role and are often used to express the pursuit and interest of the garden owner, whether in the real garden or in the garden presented in classical literature and art. There is no shortage of plaques and couplets. | A plaque, also called a “biane” or a “e”, is often hung above the portal of a building, just like a person's forehead. The plaque is generally used to point out the name of the building, but also can borrow the scene lyric. Couplets, that is, antithetical couplets, duzi, often composed of two sentences in opposition, hanging on the lintel of the building, walls, etc. Generally speaking, plaques and couplets complement each other. Plaques are the enrichment of couplets, and couplets are the expansion of couplets. The two are indispensable components of Chinese gardens. In the natural and cultural landscape of gardens, they often play a finishing role and are often used to express the pursuit and interest of the garden owner, whether in the real garden or in the garden presented in classical literature and art. There is no shortage of plaques and couplets. | ||
| − | Major garden plaques and couplets | + | '''Major garden plaques and couplets''' |
| − | Plaques and couplets in the “A Dream in Red Mansions” | + | '''Plaques and couplets in the “A Dream in Red Mansions”''' |
The Grand-view garden is the main scene where major characters live,and it a clean place without worldly impurity, and it is also a great quintessence of Chinese garden architectures and culture. In the chapter 17, we can see Jia baoyu writing plaques and couplets for this garden. | The Grand-view garden is the main scene where major characters live,and it a clean place without worldly impurity, and it is also a great quintessence of Chinese garden architectures and culture. In the chapter 17, we can see Jia baoyu writing plaques and couplets for this garden. | ||
The plaque of Xiaoxiang Guan is “you feng lai yi”, coming from “Shangshu”, “xiao shao jiu cheng, feng huang lai yi” which means the voice of xiao is so great that even phoenix dancing to it. Phoenix is a auspicious sign in ancient tale, and also a sign of the wife of king. As Xiaoxiang Guan is the first place for yuanfei to visit, this plaque meets the need to extoll her. The couplets are “bao ding cha xian yan shang lv, you chuang qi ba zhi you liang”, means after boiling tea there seems still green vapor,when the chess game ends person still feel cool in fingertip,which expresses there are many bamboo here. The plaques and couplets not only write the landscape characteristics of Xiaoxiang Pavilion with green bamboo, but also imply that the people who live here have a noble character, echoing the greatness of the imperial concubine. | The plaque of Xiaoxiang Guan is “you feng lai yi”, coming from “Shangshu”, “xiao shao jiu cheng, feng huang lai yi” which means the voice of xiao is so great that even phoenix dancing to it. Phoenix is a auspicious sign in ancient tale, and also a sign of the wife of king. As Xiaoxiang Guan is the first place for yuanfei to visit, this plaque meets the need to extoll her. The couplets are “bao ding cha xian yan shang lv, you chuang qi ba zhi you liang”, means after boiling tea there seems still green vapor,when the chess game ends person still feel cool in fingertip,which expresses there are many bamboo here. The plaques and couplets not only write the landscape characteristics of Xiaoxiang Pavilion with green bamboo, but also imply that the people who live here have a noble character, echoing the greatness of the imperial concubine. | ||
| Line 99: | Line 99: | ||
The plaque of Daoxiang Village is presented in the form of a flag and stone, corresponding to the idyllic scenery here. In the stone here writes “Daoxiang Village” as the name of this place, and in the flag writes “xin lian zai wang”, which comes from “hong xin shao tou gua jiu qi” meaning not far from here locates a tavern, soon you will see it. The couplets are “xin zhang lv tian huan ge chu, hao yun xiang hu cai qin ren”,means in spring the river swells, someone is washing clothes in the water,here are apricot flowers blossom, around students just like clouds.The plaques and couplets here together show the landscape and quiet scenery of Daoxiang Village. | The plaque of Daoxiang Village is presented in the form of a flag and stone, corresponding to the idyllic scenery here. In the stone here writes “Daoxiang Village” as the name of this place, and in the flag writes “xin lian zai wang”, which comes from “hong xin shao tou gua jiu qi” meaning not far from here locates a tavern, soon you will see it. The couplets are “xin zhang lv tian huan ge chu, hao yun xiang hu cai qin ren”,means in spring the river swells, someone is washing clothes in the water,here are apricot flowers blossom, around students just like clouds.The plaques and couplets here together show the landscape and quiet scenery of Daoxiang Village. | ||
[[File:Daoxiang village.jpg]] | [[File:Daoxiang village.jpg]] | ||
| − | Plaques and couplets in the Summer Palace | + | '''Plaques and couplets in the Summer Palace''' |
The Summer Palace is the representative of Chinese royal gardens, in which the landscape architecture is magnificent or graceful, with different plaques and couplets, adding a touch of cultural charm to the natural scenery. | The Summer Palace is the representative of Chinese royal gardens, in which the landscape architecture is magnificent or graceful, with different plaques and couplets, adding a touch of cultural charm to the natural scenery. | ||
The couplets of Yulan Tang is “zhu xiang xi yi lian xu yu, xiao se qing tuan zhu ling yan”, means lotus in Kunming Lake are more pleasant in fine rain and bamboos in the Yulan Tang are greener in the morning mist.It not only describes the natural landscape of lotus flowers and the bamboo forest, but also takes flowers and plants as the symbol of a gentleman, indicating the noble quality of the people living here. Lotus and bamboo are more beautiful in a good environment, and the character of a gentleman is also more noble in a good environment. | The couplets of Yulan Tang is “zhu xiang xi yi lian xu yu, xiao se qing tuan zhu ling yan”, means lotus in Kunming Lake are more pleasant in fine rain and bamboos in the Yulan Tang are greener in the morning mist.It not only describes the natural landscape of lotus flowers and the bamboo forest, but also takes flowers and plants as the symbol of a gentleman, indicating the noble quality of the people living here. Lotus and bamboo are more beautiful in a good environment, and the character of a gentleman is also more noble in a good environment. | ||
| Line 107: | Line 107: | ||
The plaque of Yangyun Xuan is “chuan yong yun fei”,which comes from “yu chuan yong er niao yun fei”,means before there(Yangyun Xuan) are fish swimming in the water, the birds flying in the clouds. And the couplets are “ tian wai shi yin he yan bo wan zhuan, yun zhong kai cui wo xiang yu fei wei”, which means (Yang Yunxuan) as if facing the Milky Way, the river is vast, locates in the clouds, the green curtain pull open and drizzle with fragrance blowing on the face.A plaque and a couplet, two phases echo, together to depict the Yangyun Xuan is located high, living near the water, and mist around. | The plaque of Yangyun Xuan is “chuan yong yun fei”,which comes from “yu chuan yong er niao yun fei”,means before there(Yangyun Xuan) are fish swimming in the water, the birds flying in the clouds. And the couplets are “ tian wai shi yin he yan bo wan zhuan, yun zhong kai cui wo xiang yu fei wei”, which means (Yang Yunxuan) as if facing the Milky Way, the river is vast, locates in the clouds, the green curtain pull open and drizzle with fragrance blowing on the face.A plaque and a couplet, two phases echo, together to depict the Yangyun Xuan is located high, living near the water, and mist around. | ||
[[File:Yangyunxuan.jpg]] | [[File:Yangyunxuan.jpg]] | ||
| − | + | '''Plaques and couplets in Suzhou gardens''' | |
Suzhou Gardens are the largest and most complete preserved classical garden in China, among which the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Lion Garden, Net Master's Garden, Lingering Garden etc., are the representative works. Different from the Summer Palace in Beijing, most of these gardens are in private ownership, so the landscape layout, plaques and couplets, etc., not only describe the scenery, but also embody the spiritual and cultural pursuit of the garden owners. | Suzhou Gardens are the largest and most complete preserved classical garden in China, among which the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Lion Garden, Net Master's Garden, Lingering Garden etc., are the representative works. Different from the Summer Palace in Beijing, most of these gardens are in private ownership, so the landscape layout, plaques and couplets, etc., not only describe the scenery, but also embody the spiritual and cultural pursuit of the garden owners. | ||
In the Lingering Garden,there is a “Musweet Xiang Xuan”,which means you can smell the fragrance of laurel here. And the couplets are “ qi shi jin han qian gu xiu, gui hua xiang dong wan shan qiu”,means there are many stones in various figures,and in autumn laurel blossom the smell is full of thousands of mountains, which describes a scene of a viewer sitting there and enjoy the stone and sweet smell. | In the Lingering Garden,there is a “Musweet Xiang Xuan”,which means you can smell the fragrance of laurel here. And the couplets are “ qi shi jin han qian gu xiu, gui hua xiang dong wan shan qiu”,means there are many stones in various figures,and in autumn laurel blossom the smell is full of thousands of mountains, which describes a scene of a viewer sitting there and enjoy the stone and sweet smell. | ||
| Line 113: | Line 113: | ||
In the Humble Administrator's Garden,there is a “Hefengsimian Pavilion”, the couplets of it are “si bi he hua san mian liu, ban tan qiu shui yi fang shan”, means the pavilion is around by lotus,willow,water and mountain.in this couplets we can see the number of one, two,three,four being used skillfully,expressing the scenery here in year. A visitor here can enjoy willow in spring, lotus in summer, autumn water and winter mountain. The couplets describe the landscape artfully. | In the Humble Administrator's Garden,there is a “Hefengsimian Pavilion”, the couplets of it are “si bi he hua san mian liu, ban tan qiu shui yi fang shan”, means the pavilion is around by lotus,willow,water and mountain.in this couplets we can see the number of one, two,three,four being used skillfully,expressing the scenery here in year. A visitor here can enjoy willow in spring, lotus in summer, autumn water and winter mountain. The couplets describe the landscape artfully. | ||
[[File:Hefengsimian Pavilion.jpg]] | [[File:Hefengsimian Pavilion.jpg]] | ||
| − | Conclusion | + | '''Conclusion''' |
Plaques and couplets are important parts of Chinese garden art, good plaque and couplets can not only benefit the role of landscape, but also an expression of the spirits of the garden owners, these plaques couplets not only have precious aesthetic value, also has a rich cultural value, are the treasure of Chinese gardens and Chinese culture. | Plaques and couplets are important parts of Chinese garden art, good plaque and couplets can not only benefit the role of landscape, but also an expression of the spirits of the garden owners, these plaques couplets not only have precious aesthetic value, also has a rich cultural value, are the treasure of Chinese gardens and Chinese culture. | ||
| − | Terms and Expression | + | '''Terms and Expression''' |
中国园林 Chinese Garden | 中国园林 Chinese Garden | ||
匾额 plaque | 匾额 plaque | ||
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留园 the Lingering Garden | 留园 the Lingering Garden | ||
| − | Questions | + | '''Questions''' |
1.what are plaque and couplets in the chinese garden? | 1.what are plaque and couplets in the chinese garden? | ||
2.why do plaques and couplets so important in a garden and in Chinese gardens? | 2.why do plaques and couplets so important in a garden and in Chinese gardens? | ||
3.Name several famous couplets or plaques in Chinese Garden. | 3.Name several famous couplets or plaques in Chinese Garden. | ||
| − | Reference | + | '''Reference''' |
[1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077. | [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077. | ||
[2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120. | [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120. | ||
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| − | 中国园林中的匾额楹联 | + | '''中国园林中的匾额楹联''' |
| − | 介绍 | + | '''介绍''' |
匾额，也称扁额或单称额，常悬挂于建筑物的门户正上方，正如人的额头。匾额一般用于点明建筑物的名称，也可借景抒情。楹联，即对联，对子，常由对仗的两个句子组成，悬挂于建筑的门楣、墙壁等处。通常来说匾额与楹联相辅相成，匾额是楹联的浓缩提炼，楹联是匾额的扩充说明，二者是中国园林不可或缺的组成部分，在园林的自然与人文景观中，常有画龙点睛的作用，也常被用于表明园主的追求与志趣，无论是在现实的园林，还是在古典文学艺术中所呈现的园林中，都不乏匾额与楹联的影子。 | 匾额，也称扁额或单称额，常悬挂于建筑物的门户正上方，正如人的额头。匾额一般用于点明建筑物的名称，也可借景抒情。楹联，即对联，对子，常由对仗的两个句子组成，悬挂于建筑的门楣、墙壁等处。通常来说匾额与楹联相辅相成，匾额是楹联的浓缩提炼，楹联是匾额的扩充说明，二者是中国园林不可或缺的组成部分，在园林的自然与人文景观中，常有画龙点睛的作用，也常被用于表明园主的追求与志趣，无论是在现实的园林，还是在古典文学艺术中所呈现的园林中，都不乏匾额与楹联的影子。 | ||
| Line 148: | Line 148: | ||
《红楼梦》中的匾额楹联 | 《红楼梦》中的匾额楹联 | ||
《红楼梦》中的大观园是男女主人公们主要的生活场景，是一处不染尘俗的清净之地，同时，它也是中国园林建筑与文化的一座瑰宝。在“大观园试才题对额，荣国府归省庆元宵”一回中，即描写了贾宝玉为园中各处景观拟匾额楹联的情景。 | 《红楼梦》中的大观园是男女主人公们主要的生活场景，是一处不染尘俗的清净之地，同时，它也是中国园林建筑与文化的一座瑰宝。在“大观园试才题对额，荣国府归省庆元宵”一回中，即描写了贾宝玉为园中各处景观拟匾额楹联的情景。 | ||
| − | + | 如潇湘馆的匾额为“有凤来仪”，用典《尚书》“箫韶九成，凤凰来仪”，凤凰在古代传 | |
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Revision as of 16:53, 31 December 2024
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PAPER The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden
The Plaques and Couplets in Chinese Garden Jiang Chenmei/Lilian
Introduction
A plaque, also called a “biane” or a “e”, is often hung above the portal of a building, just like a person's forehead. The plaque is generally used to point out the name of the building, but also can borrow the scene lyric. Couplets, that is, antithetical couplets, duzi, often composed of two sentences in opposition, hanging on the lintel of the building, walls, etc. Generally speaking, plaques and couplets complement each other. Plaques are the enrichment of couplets, and couplets are the expansion of couplets. The two are indispensable components of Chinese gardens. In the natural and cultural landscape of gardens, they often play a finishing role and are often used to express the pursuit and interest of the garden owner, whether in the real garden or in the garden presented in classical literature and art. There is no shortage of plaques and couplets.
Major garden plaques and couplets
Plaques and couplets in the “A Dream in Red Mansions”
The Grand-view garden is the main scene where major characters live,and it a clean place without worldly impurity, and it is also a great quintessence of Chinese garden architectures and culture. In the chapter 17, we can see Jia baoyu writing plaques and couplets for this garden.
The plaque of Xiaoxiang Guan is “you feng lai yi”, coming from “Shangshu”, “xiao shao jiu cheng, feng huang lai yi” which means the voice of xiao is so great that even phoenix dancing to it. Phoenix is a auspicious sign in ancient tale, and also a sign of the wife of king. As Xiaoxiang Guan is the first place for yuanfei to visit, this plaque meets the need to extoll her. The couplets are “bao ding cha xian yan shang lv, you chuang qi ba zhi you liang”, means after boiling tea there seems still green vapor,when the chess game ends person still feel cool in fingertip,which expresses there are many bamboo here. The plaques and couplets not only write the landscape characteristics of Xiaoxiang Pavilion with green bamboo, but also imply that the people who live here have a noble character, echoing the greatness of the imperial concubine.
The plaque of Daoxiang Village is presented in the form of a flag and stone, corresponding to the idyllic scenery here. In the stone here writes “Daoxiang Village” as the name of this place, and in the flag writes “xin lian zai wang”, which comes from “hong xin shao tou gua jiu qi” meaning not far from here locates a tavern, soon you will see it. The couplets are “xin zhang lv tian huan ge chu, hao yun xiang hu cai qin ren”,means in spring the river swells, someone is washing clothes in the water,here are apricot flowers blossom, around students just like clouds.The plaques and couplets here together show the landscape and quiet scenery of Daoxiang Village.
Plaques and couplets in the Summer Palace
The Summer Palace is the representative of Chinese royal gardens, in which the landscape architecture is magnificent or graceful, with different plaques and couplets, adding a touch of cultural charm to the natural scenery.
The couplets of Yulan Tang is “zhu xiang xi yi lian xu yu, xiao se qing tuan zhu ling yan”, means lotus in Kunming Lake are more pleasant in fine rain and bamboos in the Yulan Tang are greener in the morning mist.It not only describes the natural landscape of lotus flowers and the bamboo forest, but also takes flowers and plants as the symbol of a gentleman, indicating the noble quality of the people living here. Lotus and bamboo are more beautiful in a good environment, and the character of a gentleman is also more noble in a good environment.
In the Xiequ Garden, the couplets of Chengshuang Zhai are “zhi qi chun guang lan chi xia qi, ju han qiu fu gui yin dong rong”, means here in the Chengshuang Zhai, in spring grow reishi, summer grow orchid,autumn grow chrysanthemum and winter grow laurel, describing the different scenery of the year. The couplets of Yinlv Pavilion are “yun yi xi shu qin shu huang, feng song yan quan run mo chi”,means white clouds float, seems to come from the treetops of the stream through the curtain of the door of the study, the breeze blowing, the wind from the spring water soaked the inkstone, writing a leisurely and quiet scenery of the study.
The plaque of Yangyun Xuan is “chuan yong yun fei”,which comes from “yu chuan yong er niao yun fei”,means before there(Yangyun Xuan) are fish swimming in the water, the birds flying in the clouds. And the couplets are “ tian wai shi yin he yan bo wan zhuan, yun zhong kai cui wo xiang yu fei wei”, which means (Yang Yunxuan) as if facing the Milky Way, the river is vast, locates in the clouds, the green curtain pull open and drizzle with fragrance blowing on the face.A plaque and a couplet, two phases echo, together to depict the Yangyun Xuan is located high, living near the water, and mist around.
Plaques and couplets in Suzhou gardens
Suzhou Gardens are the largest and most complete preserved classical garden in China, among which the Humble Administrator's Garden, the Lion Garden, Net Master's Garden, Lingering Garden etc., are the representative works. Different from the Summer Palace in Beijing, most of these gardens are in private ownership, so the landscape layout, plaques and couplets, etc., not only describe the scenery, but also embody the spiritual and cultural pursuit of the garden owners.
In the Lingering Garden,there is a “Musweet Xiang Xuan”,which means you can smell the fragrance of laurel here. And the couplets are “ qi shi jin han qian gu xiu, gui hua xiang dong wan shan qiu”,means there are many stones in various figures,and in autumn laurel blossom the smell is full of thousands of mountains, which describes a scene of a viewer sitting there and enjoy the stone and sweet smell.
In the Humble Administrator's Garden,there is a “Hefengsimian Pavilion”, the couplets of it are “si bi he hua san mian liu, ban tan qiu shui yi fang shan”, means the pavilion is around by lotus,willow,water and mountain.in this couplets we can see the number of one, two,three,four being used skillfully,expressing the scenery here in year. A visitor here can enjoy willow in spring, lotus in summer, autumn water and winter mountain. The couplets describe the landscape artfully.
Conclusion
Plaques and couplets are important parts of Chinese garden art, good plaque and couplets can not only benefit the role of landscape, but also an expression of the spirits of the garden owners, these plaques couplets not only have precious aesthetic value, also has a rich cultural value, are the treasure of Chinese gardens and Chinese culture.
Terms and Expression 中国园林 Chinese Garden 匾额 plaque 楹联 couplets 颐和园 the Summer Palace 拙政园 the Humble Administrator's Garden 留园 the Lingering Garden
Questions 1.what are plaque and couplets in the chinese garden? 2.why do plaques and couplets so important in a garden and in Chinese gardens? 3.Name several famous couplets or plaques in Chinese Garden.
Reference [1]Liu H ,Bin G ,Wang X , et al.Research on the restorative effects and perception of privacy driven activities in Chinese classical gardens—Case studies of three Suzhou gardens[J].Frontiers in Public Health,2024,121462077-1462077. [2]Kiani K ,Khakzand M .The structure, concept and identity of traditional Chinese gardens[J].Landscape History,2024,45(2):101-120. [3]Zhang Z .Practical Research on Developing Experiential Teaching in Landscape Architecture Course——Taking the Interpretation of the Beauty of Gardens with the Composition of Chinese Landscape Paintings as an Example[J].Frontiers in Educational Research,2023,6(18): [4]伍怡君,黄少华,胡惠蓉.颐和园景名和匾额楹联中植景的初步调查[J].现代园艺,2022,45(13):113-115.DOI:10.14051/j.cnki.xdyy.2022.13.072. [5]曹林娣.苏州园林匾额楹联鉴赏[M].华夏出版社:202108.346. [6]原可.空间的语言[D].南京艺术学院,2022.DOI:10.27250/d.cnki.gnjyc.2022.000140. [7]曾刚.楹联匾额的哲理性和实用性——以《红楼梦》为例[J].非遗传承研究,2024,(01):39-42.
中国园林中的匾额楹联
介绍 匾额，也称扁额或单称额，常悬挂于建筑物的门户正上方，正如人的额头。匾额一般用于点明建筑物的名称，也可借景抒情。楹联，即对联，对子，常由对仗的两个句子组成，悬挂于建筑的门楣、墙壁等处。通常来说匾额与楹联相辅相成，匾额是楹联的浓缩提炼，楹联是匾额的扩充说明，二者是中国园林不可或缺的组成部分，在园林的自然与人文景观中，常有画龙点睛的作用，也常被用于表明园主的追求与志趣，无论是在现实的园林，还是在古典文学艺术中所呈现的园林中，都不乏匾额与楹联的影子。
各大园林匾额楹联
《红楼梦》中的匾额楹联 《红楼梦》中的大观园是男女主人公们主要的生活场景，是一处不染尘俗的清净之地，同时，它也是中国园林建筑与文化的一座瑰宝。在“大观园试才题对额，荣国府归省庆元宵”一回中，即描写了贾宝玉为园中各处景观拟匾额楹联的情景。 如潇湘馆的匾额为“有凤来仪”，用典《尚书》“箫韶九成，凤凰来仪”，凤凰在古代传