Culture loaded words

Culture Loaded Words

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1 羊叶 The Analysis of Culture-loaded Words of English Subtitle Translation in Chinese Movies-Taking Farewell to My Concubine as an Example 电影中英译字幕文化负载词的翻译分析——以《霸王别姬》为例

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2 谢庆琳 An Analysis of the Chinese Translation of Culture-loaded Words in Russian —— Taking the Russian TV Series “Interns” as an Example

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Abstract

Language is a product of culture, an integral part of it and a condition of its existence, and an important factor in the formation of cultural codes. Since the 21st century, linguistics has actively studied a direction that sees language as a code for understanding the culture of a nation, not just as a tool for communication and cognition. As we all know, there are certain cultural differences among various ethnic groups influenced by factors such as geographical environment, political system, religious beliefs, living habits, moral values and aesthetic interests. These factors together contribute to the creation of culture-loaded words.

Key Words

Russian TV Series “Interns”; Culture-loaded Words; Translation Principles; Translation Strategies

摘要

语言是文化的产物，是文化的组成部分和存在条件，也是文化密码形成的一个重要因素。 21世纪以来，语言学积极研究一个方向，即把语言看作是了解一个民族文化的密码，而不仅仅是一个交流和认知的工具。众所周知，各民族受地理环境、政治制度、宗教信仰、生活习惯、道德价值、审美情趣等因素影响，其间存在一定的文化差异。这些因素共同促使了文化负载词的产生。

关键词

俄罗斯电视剧《实习医生》；文化负载词；翻译原则；翻译策略

Culture-loaded Words

Definition of Culture-loaded Words

Culture-loaded words are also called culturally connotative words. In the language system, culture-loaded words are the vocabulary which can best embody the cultural information that a language carries and they also reflect the social life.

Behind each vocabulary are deeply imprinted the cultural, geographical and historical characteristics of a society. Vocabulary is the basic element of language,and the formation of each vocabulary is inseparable from culture. It carries a largeamount of "national cultural accumulation", that is, cultural connotation. This article is an analysis of Russian cultural-loaded words, reflecting mostly about the Russian national culture.

Language is the carrier of culture, so cultural differences must also be reflected in language. Translation means the spread of culture, and words that carry culture are words that express culture. Therefore, the translator focuses on the cultural-loaded words that appear in the source text, and on this basis. The words containing language and culture reflect the development, progress and change of the language of a country's dynasties, as well as the accumulation of various activities that are completely different from other countries (Liao, 2002). Translating social cultural terms and ecological cultural terms can truly understand the living conditions and social conditions of a country in a specific period.

3 罗曦 The Translation of Culture-loaded Words from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence：Take Ezra Pound’s The Cathay for Example

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=Key Words

Culture-loaded Words；Functional Equivalence；The Cathay；Ezra Pound

关键词

文化负载词；功能对等理论；华夏集；庞德

4 何芩 The Translation of Cultural-loaded words in The Nine Elegies in Elegies of the South Translated by Xu Yuanchong

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Key Words

Translation；Culture-loaded Words；Chinese Clasics；HuXiang Culture

关键词

翻译；文化负载词；中国典籍；湖湘文化

Introduction

Structure of the Research

Body.....

References

《楚辞：英汉对照》许渊冲译. 北京：五洲传播出版社，2011 Elegies of the South

万丽.《楚辞》香草美人意象翻译策略[J].黑河学院学报,2021,12(06):126-128.

白成亮,田传茂.《楚辞》神话意象的文化内涵及翻译方法研究[J].译苑新谭,2021,2(01):40-46.

张艺格.《楚辞》西译本中原型意象的翻译策略研究[J].运城学院学报,2021,39(02):59-65.

钱梦雨.文化适应论视角下《楚辞》文化意象的英译——以许渊冲译本为例[J].文教资料,2021(02):55-57.

吴斐,龙卓,罗芸慧.“深度翻译”观下湖湘典籍《楚辞》英译传播研究[J].今古文创,2021(09):120-121. .....

5 孙雅诗 Study on cultural loaded word translation under the ecological translation horizon——Take the English translation of Dou'e injustice as an example

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Key Words

Culture-loaded Words；Ecological translation；Chinese Classics

关键词

文化负载词；生态翻译学；中国典籍

Introduction

Structure of the Research

Body.....

References

亢连连,刘思齐,姜华.浅析生态翻译学视角下陕西文化负载词的翻译策略[J].英语广场,2020(30):26-28.

曹雅琴,李延林 .生态翻译学视角下文化负载词口译——基于译者的适应与选择[J].青年时代,2020(4):17-18.

蒋晓萍,罗云 .生态翻译学视域下中国饮食文化负载词翻译研究——以《世说新语》英译本为例[J].广州大学学报(社会科学版),2020,19(5):54-61.

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6 杜莉娜 On the Translation of Culture-loaded Words in Chinese Tourism Texts—An Intercultural Communication Perspective

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Abstract

Culture-loaded words are special in vocabulary for all kinds of language. Being different from general words, the strong local traits of these words are concealed behind the language form, which leads to the untranslatability and difficulties of translating. The translation of culture-loaded words is a big challenge for a translator since he/she needs to master both the source language and the target language as well as be familiar with the local culture. The translator needs to keep the translation accurate and advoids to lose cultural identities of a term. A study of translating culture-loaded from an international communication perspective is practical for that it focuses on culture behind a language and tries to find an alternative expression, which makes the recievers fully understand the target language and its culture. In the light of intercultural communication, this paper takes tourism texts as example to analyze the translation principles and strategies of culture-loaded in tourism texts, deeply discussing the relationship among language, culture and translation.

Key Words

Intercultural Communication; Tourism;Culture-loaded words;Translation

摘要

对于任何一种语言来说，文化负载词都是是词汇中一种特殊的存在。与普通词汇不同，它通过语言外形将自己浓厚的当地色彩包裹起来，使其不可译或难以翻译。文化负载词的翻译是对译者对源语和译入语的精通度和当地文化的熟悉度的一种高挑战，这不仅需要译者考虑翻译的准确性，还不能丧失词汇本身的文化烙印。从跨文化交际的角度来翻译文化负载词不失为一种可行的办法，跨文化交际注重保留语言的文化性，试图找到一种合适的替代性表达让语言接受者完全理解源语言以及其背后的文化因素。本文从跨文化交际角度出发，以旅游文本为例，分析旅游文本中文化负载词的翻译原则和翻译策略，进而探究语言、文化和翻译的关系。

关键词

跨文化交际，旅游，文化负载词，翻译

Conclusion

Bla, bla, bla

References

Woesler, Martin. (2020). Responsibility and Ethics in Times of Corona. Woesler, Martin and Hans-Martin Sass eds. Medicine and Ethics in Times of Corona Muenster: LIT

7 宫博雅 An analysis of the Chinese translation of culture-loaded words in Russian Idioms

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Abstract

Language is the carrier of culture, and the characteristics of language also reflect the characteristics of culture. Culture is closely related to language. In-depth understanding and exploration of culture is conducive to language learning and better use of language for communication. Idiom as a fixed structure in language expression, with profound cultural connotation, is an important part of a national culture. Russian idioms are the concentration of the essence of Russian national culture, including Russian history, religion, national thinking, cultural customs, local customs and other unique national characteristics. In the process of language development, each nation has accumulated its own unique culture-loaded words. These words are loaded with the unique cultural connotation of this nation and express the rich cultural color of this nation. Due to different cultural backgrounds and historical development tracks, Russian contains many words, phrases and idioms that represent unique things in Russian culture. From the perspective of Nida's cultural classification, this paper analyzes the Chinese translation of culture-loaded words in Russian idioms, which is helpful to promote the study of Russian language and deepen the understanding of Russian traditional culture and Russian national psychology.

Key words

Culture-loaded Words; Russian idioms; Russian culture

题目

俄语成语中文化负载词的中文翻译分析

摘要

语言是文化的载体，语言的特性同时也体现了文化的特性，文化与语言紧密相关。对文化的深入了解和探究有助于语言的学习和更好的运用语言进行交际。成语作为固定的结构存在于语言表达中，具有深刻的文化内涵，是一个民族文化的重要表现部分。俄语成语是俄罗斯民族文化精华的浓缩，其中包含俄罗斯历史、宗教、民族思维、文化习俗、风土人情等特有的民族特点。语言发展的进程中，每个民族都积累了本民族特有的文化负载词。这些词语负载着本民族独特的文化内涵，表现本民族丰富的文化色彩。由于不同的文化背景和历史发展轨迹，俄语中包含许多代表俄罗斯文化中特有事物的词、词组和习语。本文以奈达的文化分类为视角，分析俄罗斯成语中文化负载词的中文翻译，有助于促进对俄罗斯语言的学习，进一步加深对俄罗斯传统文化及俄罗斯民族心理的了解。

关键词

文化负载词；俄语成语；俄罗斯文化

1.The meaning of culture-loaded words

Liao Qiyi said, "Culture-loaded words refer to words, phrases and idioms that mark things unique to a certain culture. These words reflect the unique activities of a particular ethnic group that have gradually accumulated in the long course of history and are different from other ethnic groups."

2. Classification of culture-loaded words

According to Nida's classification of cultural factors, culture-loaded words can be divided into five categories. The first category is ecological culture-loaded words, which usually refer to the plants and animals, geographical environment, climate change and other related words in a specific region. The second category is material culture-loaded words, which refer to the specific material products in different cultures. Generally, they refer to words including food, clothing, housing and transportation. The third category is the social culture-loaded words, which usually involve the words of social etiquette, social identity, leisure and entertainment, such as local conditions and practices, traditions, social rules, religious beliefs, moral standards, historical background, ideology and so on. For example, different cultures have different festivals and celebration customs, and people give different meanings to color words. The fourth category is religious culture-loaded words, which generally reflect the cultural beliefs of a certain nation. The fifth category is language culture-loaded words. Different nations have different speaking ways and habits, which are reflected in pronunciation, vocabulary, syntax and other aspects.

Reference

[1]于建华.俄语成语与俄罗斯民族文化研究[J].散文百家,2019(11):222. [2]王发金.俄语成语文化的研究[J].旅游纵览(下半月),2017(22):237. [3]袁顺芝.俄汉翻译中的语言文化现象及其处理方法[J].中国俄语教学,2014,33(04):40-44. [4]司道权.浅析俄语成语的特点及翻译方法[J].品牌,2015(03):113. [5]裴晓明.俄语成语翻译中的几个问题[J].科技信息,2012(30):212. [6]王金凤.俄语成语的意义及其翻译[J].中国翻译,2008,29(05):72-74. [7]张莹.俄语成语翻译中的文化伴随意义[J].佳木斯大学社会科学学报,2006(02):157-158.\ [8]鞠海娜.俄汉成语蕴含的民族文化比较研究[J].黑河学院学报,2021,12(04):174-175. [9]廖七一 .当代西方翻译理论探索 [M]. 南京 :译林出版社 , 2000

8 周小雪《药》英日译本中文化负载词的翻译对比研究

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Abstract

Translation of culture-loaded words has been a difficult problem for translators.The culture behind culture-loaded words made translator hard to find words that are coherent to the sauce text. For the same culture-loaded word, different languages have different translation methods. This paper takes the novel Medicine as an example exploring the contrast of English and Japanese translation of culture-loaded words in the same text.

Key words

Culture-loaded Words; Medicine; The Comparison of English and Japanese Translations

9 付诗雨 On Translating Chinese Culture-loaded Words in Cultural Relics Commentaries into Japanese——A Case Study of Hunan Museum

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Abstract

Museum has served as an indispensable platform for cross-cultural communication. The commentaries translation of cultural relics provided by museums, affecting the acceptability of the target text receiver directly, has a crucial impact on the inter-cultural understanding and communication. In the process of cultural relics commentaries translation, it is still an important academic subject needing further research that how to deal with the incompatibility of linguistic signs and cultural concepts between the source language and the target language, and how to accurately convey the characteristics, meanings and cultural implications of culture-loaded words inside. Nevertheless, the academic studies on the translation of cultural relics commentaries in Chinese museums started relatively late, among which especially the researches focused on the Japanese version are not abundant enough both in quantity and content, and the intelligibility and acceptability need to be strengthened.Therefore, this thesis takes the Japanese version of the cultural relics commentaries from Hunan museum’s basic display as the research objects, adopting Eugene Nina’s translation equivalence theory as the theoretical guidance. In this thesis, cultural-loaded words with different cultural meanings are analyzed through comparing with the source text, and then the translation skills are concluded, expecting to provide some reference for future translation of cultural relics commentaries. 

Key words

Cultural Relics Commentaries; Culture-loaded Words;Translation Equivalence;Chinese-Japanese Translation Skills;

题目

文物解说词中的文化负载词的日译研究——以湖南博物馆为例

摘要

博物馆是跨文化交际的重要窗口。其所藏文物解说词的翻译质量直接影响着目标受众对译文的接受度，制约着异文化的理解和交流。在文物解说词的翻译过程中，如何对待和处理源语言和目标语言在语言符号和文化观念不对等问题，怎样才能使其中的文化负载词的特点、含义和文化意蕴得以准确的传达，是一个亟待深入研究的重要课题。然而，中国国内博物馆文物解说词的翻译研究起步较晚，特别是日译研究在数量和内容上都不够丰富，可读性和接受性等诸多方面还亟待加强。本文选取湖南省博物馆基本陈列的文物解说词作为考察对象，以尤金·奈达的翻译等值论为理论指导，逐一对具有不同文化含义的词汇进行原、译文对照分析与改进，归纳出这类文化负载词的翻译技巧，以期为文物解说词日译提供些许参考。

关键词

文物解说词;文化负载词;翻译等值论;日译技巧;

Introduction

Under the background of globalization, translation has become an important bridge of cross-cultural communication and transmission, rather than merely a simple conversion of language signs. With the further development of China's opening up, Chinese museums have gradually become one of the main channels for foreign tourists to know about Chinese culture, among which the translation of cultural relics commentaries play an indispensable role. Owing to their own characteristics, the cultural relics commentaries often contains numerous vocabularies carrying abundant information of history, culture, customs, habits and so on, what is called culturally-loaded words. The translation quality of culturally-loaded words directly affects the target text receiver’s acceptability of Chinese culture, influencing the intercultural communication. In order to make a better use of translation versions of cultural relics commentaries and better display Chinese culture, it is crucial to take further studies on the translation and introduction of culturally relics commentaries, especially culturally-loaded words inside. 

In recent years, foreign translations of cultural relics commentaries have appeared successively in museums at different levels in China, on which more and more academic studies have been made. Whereas researches on Japanese version have a relatively later start comparing with English version, so outcomes are not abundant enough both in quantity and content. However, Japan belongs to the cultural circle of Chinese characters as well, whose culture has been also deeply influenced by Chinese traditional culture since ancient times, so there must be its own uniqueness in the translation skills of cultural-loaded words. So as to improve the display of Chinese culture to Japanese tourists, the expression selected is supposed to be understood and accepted by them, especially the Japanese translation quality of culturally-loaded words. The translation equivalence theory represented by Eugene A. Nida holds that the seek of translation is rather than the mechanical correspondence on the text superficially, but the relationship between the target text receiver and the target text information be basically the same as that in the source text. This theory is in line with the fundamental mission of commentaries translation as external propaganda, which has a practical guiding significance for the research and practice of Japanese translation of cultural relics commentaries. Therefore, based on the similarities and differences between Chinese and Japanese languages and cultural values under the background of cross-cultural communication, this thesis discusses the Japanese translation skills of Chinese culturally-loaded words in cultural relics commentaries under the guidance of translation equivalence theory and the reference of specific translation skills.

References

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10 丁旋 从纽马克翻译理论看林语堂版《扬州瘦马》中文化负载词的翻译 Translation of Culture-Loaded Words in The Concubine Market of Yangchow ofLin Yutang's version from the perspective of Newmark’s translation theory

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Key words

Newmark’s Translation Theory; Culture-Loaded Words; The Concubine Market of Yangchow; Lin Yutang

1. Introduction of Zhang Dai and The Concubine Market of Yangchow

1.1 Introducation of Zhang Dai

 Zhang Dai(1597-1684), ci poet and historian of the late Ming dynasty and early Qing dynasty, born in Shaoxing city, Zhejiang province. He came from a scholarly family for three generations of successful candidate in the highest imperial examinations in his family. In the first half of his life, he indulged in entertainments, living in an extravagant life and doing himself proud for his well-to-do family. He described himself as “I was a dude in early times and I liked prosperity, delicate houses, beautiful maids, clever children, new clothes and delicious food, fine horses, colorful lanterns, fireworks......(Timothy Brook 43)”. When Zhang Dai was 48 years old, Ming dynasty fell and his hometown destructed. He lost everything, went to a mountain temple and lived in a poor life. Because of this huge contrast, he wrote a lot of classical works such as Pottery Recall by Buddhist Nunnery Dreams and Seeking Dreams in West Lake. Besides, he also went to a lot of brothels and Chinese theatrical places in Jiangnan region. However, he acted as a spectator in these places, observing the scene and situation carefully. Especially The Concubine Market of Yangchow discussed here, he accompanied his friends to select and buy “lean horse” many times so that he could write a passage about it, which won universal praise(Zhang Zetong 19).

1.2 Introduction of The Concubine Market of Yangchow

 “Concubine market” refers to some people bought beautiful girls from poor family, taught them skills of women and courtesy, cultivated them how to be good wives and sold them to the rich as concubine. “Lean horse” refers to these girls. In the dialect of Yangzhou, “marry a horse” means “marry a wife”, which is the origin of the call of “breed lean horse”(Wang Yuanhua 80). “Horse” is a humiliating word to women and “lean” manifests the low status of women in ancient time. 
 Ancient Yangzhou, a crucial harbor for canal transportation of salt, is a prosperous city which attracts a large number of scholars and businessmen to come. As a city of Jiangnan region, the weather is suitable and scenery is beautiful. The green willows, warm breeze, bright moon, delicate buildings and colorful lighting were very attractive with songs and music throughout the night. The laughter and sound of wine glasses spread over the city and lasted all night. The wandering scholars often indulged in this prosperity and went to the entertaining places such as brothels, however, the rich businessmen despised these places. But they also had the requirement of beauties so that the “lean horse” industry began to operate to satisfy this need. This is the origin and history of “concubine market”.
 The Concubine Market of Yangchow is written by Zhang Dai after observing the transaction of “lean horse” many times. So he wrote this transaction in detail which is regarded as a classical work in later time.

References

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11 高蜜

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12 殷慧珍A study on the English Translation of Culture Loaded Words in The Spring Festival written by Fang Wenhua Based on Domestication and Foreignization Strategies

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13 程杨 《边城》中文化负载词的翻译—以戴乃迭英译本为例 Translation of Cultural-loaded Words in Border Town:A Case Study of Dai Naidie’s English translation

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14 胡舒情 Discussion on Translation Strategies of Culture-loaded Words in Traditional Chinese Medical Classics: A Case Study of Treatise on Febrile Caused by Cold

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15 陈静 The Translation of Culture-loaded Words From the Perspective of Skopos Theory: A Case Study of Xi Jinping: The Governance of China

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16 李雯 On the English Translation of Culture Loaded Words in Xi Jinping:The Governance of China from the Perspective of Skopje Theory

= Abstract Chapter One Introduction 1.1 Research Background 1.2 Research Purpose and Significance 1.3 Thesis Structure Chapter Two Literature Review 2.1 Previous Studies of Skopos Theory 2.1.1 Previous Studies Abroad 2.1.2 Previous Studies at Home 2.2 Review of Culture Loaded Words’s Translation Chapter Three Skopos Theory 3.1 Skopos Theory 3.2 Rules of Skopos Theory 3.2.1 Skopos Rule 3.2.2 Coherence Rule 3.2.3 Fidelity Rule Chapter Four Introduction of Xi Jinping: The Governance of China 4.1 Brief Introduction to the Original 4.2 Brief Introduction to its Translation Chapter Five Analysis of English Translation of Culture Loaded Words in Xi Jinping: The Governance of China from the Perspective of Skopos Theory 5.1 Features of Culture Loaded Words 5.2 Translation ofCulture LoadedWords in Xi Jinping: The Governance of China from the Perspective of Skopos Theory Chapter Six Conclusion Bibliography=