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Task: Please write down your answers to the following questions:

(a) What role does money play?

(b) What role do physical work and machines play?

(c) How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved?

(d) What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China?

(e) What is China's position in Asia / the world?

(e) What government system prevails? How did it come about?

(f) How is peace assessed?

(g) How are differences between people treated?

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英语笔译 卞王倩 Bian Wangqian 202170081563

(a)What role does money play?

Money is a useful and necessary tool only for humans. With money, most of the humans’ desires can be satisfied. Money can ensure one’s survival and development, bring people dignity and decency and even change one’s life. In fact, money does not always work, but its great advantages generally enable people to overlook its small disadvantages so that it has been the best love by most of the ordinary people.

(b)What role do physical work and machines play?

Physical work deals with those fields that machines fail to work. Machines work better than physical work in some fields as they spend less time doing a better job. Physical work and machines are both coined by humans and for humans.

(c)How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved?

Culture, history and somebody jointly characterize and make a nation. Culture determines the qualities of its people; history is a record of its past and a mirror of its future; somebody leads its people toward a better future.

Dialogue and compromise contribute to peace. The strong asks, and the weak compromises, and the two with well-matched strength change interests.

(d)What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China?

Among western nations, the technical superiority causes their airs of moral superiority over China, but in fact, they hold no moral superiority over China. Because true moral superiority comes from a long history and the profound culture of a nation in the persistent pursuit of peace and development. China is a good example. China has seen its technology developing rapidly in recent years, but its traditions guide it to be committed to the road of defending peace and offering kindness rather than presenting its moral superiority, which can be better evidenced by its international aid during this lingering pandemic.

(e) What is China's position in Asia / the world?

Under the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China and the joint efforts of all Chinese people, China has witnessed its improved national strength and increased international influence in the current world. In all respects, China is a strong contributor and motivator to Asia and the world.

(f) What government system prevails? How did it come about?

The government can be seen as a political system, including a set of institutions in charge of legislation, law enforcement and management in a region. Government in the broad sense includes the legislature, the executive, the judiciary, and the military organs, and the government in the narrow sense refers only to the executive branch. The five more common political systems around the world include Democracy, Republic, Monarchy, Communism and Dictatorship.

Like many facets of modern life, the first forms of government emerged when the very first civilizations began to form.

(g) How is peace assessed?

Just refer to its opposite: war. Once a war is waged, peace is no longer. In fact, there is no absolute peace in the current world due to some irreconcilable conflict between nations. Regional peace and global peace need common efforts by all nations involved.

(h) How are differences between people treated?

People are born different. So is the way they are treated. The strong get respect, the beautiful are admired, the weak are bullied and the minority are defied. Let alone those people of different genders, colors and nations. Actually, the world is full of charm just thanks to the presence of different people. And the discrimination should be removed.

英语笔译 曹姣 Cao Jiao 202170081564

(a) What role does money play? Money provides economic foundation for what we're going to achieve. It can't pay for everything. But without it, we was even unable to afford three meals.

(b) What role do physical work and machines play? Machines can make physical work easier for human being, and can even replace human in some basic or regular work. As for their roles, the former can improve one’s health and reduce the risk of developing some diseases like diabetes,cardiovascular disease. In addition, it’s also good for one’s state of mind. The latter, machines, can reduce the risk of injuries from dangerous work.

(c) How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved? As for the second question, I think the United Nations plays a key role in resolving international conflicts. It always encourages an active communication between the conflicting countries. So does China. So I think China has also made great efforts in facilitating the peaceful ending of conflict and retribution through its philosophy of build a community with a shared future for mankind.

(d) What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China? Because Western nations took the lead in the Revolution of Science and Technology, they might think themselves superior to the rest. Power-driven countries believe power is of paramount importance, so moral superiority should subordinate to technical one. While China, conventionally, has put good morality in the first place.

(e) What is China's position in Asia / the world? China positions itself as a stabilizer for Asia and even for the whole world. It always engages in safeguarding world peace and encourages to resolve conflicts by peaceful communication. Committed in create a community with a shared-future, it sticks to the principle of win-win cooperation.

(e) What government system prevails? How did it come about? Government system can be roughly divided into 3 types: autocracy, democracy and oligarchy. Autocracy is “rule by one.” In an autocratic government, one person -- the autocrat -- has all the power and makes all the decisions.There are many different forms of democracy, but what makes a democracy different from all other forms of government is the participation of the people in decision-making. In an oligarchy, a few rulers control the government. These rulers gain their power and maintain their authority as a result of their wealth or another form of influence. The prevalent government system is the democracy. It originated from Ancient Greek.

(f) How is peace assessed? Peace can be assessed through GPI(Global Peace Index), which attempt to measure the relative position of nations’ and regions’ peacefulness. The index gauges global peace using 3 broad themes: the level of safety and security, the extent of domestic and international conflict and the degree of militarization Peace is not static but contextual. It has been viewed as absence of tension having the presence of justice or a respecting human rights, well being and freedom of individuals.

(g) How are differences between people treated? People with different colors, with different economic foundation, or with unusual habits may be treated differently. When you are looking for a partner, you will probably have a preference. It’s not always something about discrimination.

英语笔译 陈路瑶 Chen Luyao 202170081565

（a）What role does money play? As a kind of currency, money has five functions: value scale, circulation means, storage means, payment means and world currency. In today's society, it is absolutely impossible without money. For individuals, the realization of basic necessities of life needs money to support, in which money plays the role of value scale, circulation means, storage means and payment means. For a country, the operation of the country itself and the interaction between countries are also based on money, in which money plays the above five roles.

（b）What role do physical work and machines play? Physical labor refers to the labor of workers with the movement system as the main movement organ. Machine labor refers to the labor that machines replace people. In the past, almost all labor was done by people. Now, the progress of science and technology has liberated people from many simple and repetitive work. The scope of machine work is constantly expanding, showing the trend of changing from simple work to fine work. However, people are still the leader of labor, and machines play an auxiliary role.

（c）How are nations characterized ,how are conflicts between nations resolved? The state is a tool for one class to unify another. It is an organized force with the functions of political rule and social management. The characteristics of the state include distinctive class nature, historicity, being a state organization with special social power, strict organizational system and coordination. Disputes between countries can be resolved by force and non force. Force means war, and non force means arbitration, judicial settlement, etc. For example, the dispute between Russia and Ukraine is through war.

（d）What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China? The rapid development of science and technology in western countries has contributed to their sense of moral superiority, that is, they believe that they are the highest race in the world, and other races should submit to themselves. Therefore, they launched an aggressive war against China and other countries. In other words, the Western sense of scientific, technological and moral superiority pushed them to invade China. On the contrary, in the process of being invaded, China gradually sobered up and put forward the idea of "learning from foreigners and mastering skills to control foreigners" to resist aggression.

（e）What is China’s position in Asia/the world? As one of the four ancient civilizations, China plays an important role in Asia and even the world. In ancient times, China regarded itself as a big country and accepted the worship of envoys of other countries. In modern times, as one of the five permanent members of the United Nations, China has a certain international voice. Since ancient times, China has been advocating peace and hopes to contribute to the maintenance of local and world peace.

（f）What government system prevails?How did it come about? China adopts a socialist system. The socialist system is a political and economic system relative to the capitalist system. Its basic element is to implement public ownership and realize the people's ownership of the country. It refers to the system in which socialist state organs create, recognize, modify and abolish laws and normative legal documents within their legal functions and powers and in accordance with legal procedures. At the time of the founding of new China, a hundred wastes were waiting for prosperity, and it was necessary to concentrate on doing great things, and a great feature of the socialist system was the implementation of public ownership.

（g）How is peace assessed? Peace is a state in which all countries live in peace without war, violence, conflict or dispute. However, since the beginning of mankind, there has never been peace in a real sense. When the balance of power between countries is unbalanced, war often occurs.

（h）How are differences between people treated? There must be differences between people. Their IQ, personality, skin color and appearance will be different. We advocate the concept that everyone is equal in the world, but in real life, most people think they are superior or inferior because of various inequalities. Therefore, this concept of "everyone is equal" is influenced by the concept of individuals themselves.

英语笔译 邓阳林 Deng Yanglin 202170081567

(a) What role does money play? I think money is best described as a moral baggage, but the value of money itself is more neatly captured by the Ancient Romans' baggage. It is necessary to march. It can turn a battle into a victory, or it can drag down a perfect battle, but it is indispensable. Money is like a baggage, keeping and discarding are in a dilemma. If you throw them away, you will be deprived of sustenance, even material life; If you save, your wealth will increase. But if you have too much money, it is not really useful, except for charity, and only some illusion.

(b) What role do physical work and machines play?

Physical work serves as the most key step for the operation of machines which also improve the efficiency and accuracy of the former.

(c) How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved? A nation is characterized by its history and culture which exert a great impact on the development of a nation. When conflicts between nations occur, it is sensible to find a solution.The solution should take their common interest into consideration, or even put the interest in the first place.Only in such a perspective, nations can reach a consensus of accepting the overall solution.

(d) What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China? The West is earlier than our industrial revolution, so in technology, we have to learn from the West, and in the field of moral, we have a longer history than the West, some ideas may be more specialized after a long time of accumulation.The last but not least, it's a mutual learning, mutual integration process between East and West

(e) What is China's position in Asia / the world?

China has always stood by the side of rightness.

(e) What government system prevails? How did it come about? Now, government system varies from one country to another.Chinese government stands up for socialism, while Western nations sustain capitalism.The reason responsible for this result is that China has a historical reality and realistic national conditions differing from that of western countries.

(f) How is peace assessed? Peace usually refers to the absence of war or other hostile acts of violence. It is also used to describe a person who is not excited or quiet. In general, the maintenance of a state of peace between states is the aspiration of most people and organizations, especially international organizations such as the United Nations. Peace can be spontaneous, and political agitators can avoid getting too excited; Peace can also be coercive, such as the use of coercion to restrain those who cause disturbances.

(g) How are differences between people treated? It is inevitable that differences between people take place.In such circumstances, the diversity should be treated by respecting others' shortcoming and strength.

英语笔译 何丽娜 He Lina 202170081569

(a)What role does money play?

Actually, money is a universal equivalent which is set by the authority and it is a medium for people to change those they want or need, so that people can get food and clothes,and even a superior expectations. But on the other hand money is a lust stimulating people to get more by all means.

(b)What role do physical work and machines play?

Through physical work, human earn their living and creates the world,including the machine which can save manual labor and time. It is believed that physical work and machine are complementary with each other. Both two are necessary in the world.

(c) How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved?

A state is a social group that shares a common language, culture, ethnicity, territory, government or history, and a nation always has the political power; If there exist conflicts between nations, usually we will face two situation: one is to take hostile actions,even the war;another is to have rational and peaceful negotiations. It is evident that confrontation or war is no good for nations and their people and we hope all the nations can seek peaceful measures to cope with conflicts.

(d) What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China?

Since the late Qing dynasty, western technology was more advanced than China,and western countries tried to add its self-righteous morality to Chinese people. But Chinese people have a traditional culture which shows their age-old moral and spiritual superiority. So no matter the writers with advanced thinking in the late Qing dynasty or people living in the modern society, we all think it necessary to learn the advanced technology of western countries and we have the confidence that finally China will be technologically superior to the West on account of its age-old moral and spiritual superiority.

(e)What is China's position in Asia / the world?

In Asia, China has always been a major country influencing our neighbors for its profound history and culture. What’s more, some other Asian countries were the subordinate state of China in the ancient times and now China also becomes one of the most important centre of development in Asia; as for in the world, China is one of the four ancient civilisations and occupies an important strategic position in the world. Today, as the largest developing country and one of the members of the UN Security Council, China actively handles international affairs and seek well-beings for all the people, and it is becoming increasingly important in the international stage.

(f)What government system prevails? How did it come about?

Today,many nations in the world are capitalist countries in which there are republics and constitutional monarchies. As far as I am concerned, many countries adopt a republican system in the world. The republic was established that western people at that time were against feudal monarchy and aspired democracy and liberty. But in China we will adhere to socialism and the people's congress system.

(g)How is peace assessed?

A peaceful world would be free of killing, fighting, hunger, destruction, corruption and violence. Everyone would have access to education and healthcare, and everyone would live a happy and ordinary life.

(h) How are differences between people treated?

We need to accept everyone's differences, respect them and treat each one equally. --He Lina (talk) 14:34, 28 March 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 黄琼 Huang Qiong 202170081571

(a)What role does money play? Money reflects the value and is a channel of resources, an opportunity; is a force, the most explosive energy, affecting pain and happiness; It is a tool for education, learning, knowledge, and growth. It can change people's futures and destinies. Money can measure the value of most concrete things, and it has also made a significant contribution to human civilization, making mankind progress from barter business to modern society with open trading platforms such as stocks, real estate, finance and so on. (b)What role do physical work and machines play? Manual labor is of great value. Labor creates the world, wealth. Labor is the first basic condition of the entire human life. In a sense, labor creates man himself. Language comes out of and with labor. Similarly, it is labor that makes our hands more flexible. It can be said that physical labor is the foundation of all labor. It turned Western technology into a “spiritual technology” that justifies China’s own cultural and philosophical past while simultaneously placing this past in a distant future which seems to go even “beyond” the one imagined by Western writers. That is, finally China will be technologically superior to the West on account of its age-old moral and spiritual superiority.(c) How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved? The state is the irreconcilable product of class contradictions, and the need of class rule is the root cause of the state. In the struggle between slaves and slave owners at the end of primitive society, slave owners gradually established violent institutions and management institutions, such as the army, to pressure slaves to resist and maintain their own economic interests and social status, forming a state and establishing a national system. Countries did not always exist. It emerged when the productive forces developed to a certain stage and classes came into being. Fundamentally speaking, the creation of private ownership, class and state is the result of the development of productive forces. China maintains that "dialogue" is the right way to peacefully settle international disputes. Meanwhile, the role of the United Nations in conflict prevention should be strengthened. (c)What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China? Chinese scientific and technological superiority is especially linked to China’s moral superiority. In ancient China, people thought knowledge and virtues are inseparable. But in western nations, it’s not the same. (d)What is China's position in Asia / the world? Since the reform and opening up, China's economic strength has grown significantly. Foreign economic exchanges and international trade have developed rapidly, and with scientific and technological progress and economic development, China's strategic military strength has also been continuously enhanced, and its defense combat capability under modern conditions has been greatly enhanced. China is one of the permanent members of the UN Security Council and one of the core powers. China's position in Asia and the world cannot be ignored. (e)What government system prevails? How did it come about? Democracy is prevailing. It first arose in ancient Greece and has developed over time. The ancient Athenians believed that all citizens, excluding slaves, were equal in all respects. Modern democracy means that the people are the masters of the country, and democracy (people's democracy) is periodically elected by the people (the masses) by universal suffrage. Democratic candidates are nominated by a margin of political parties that control society. (f)How is peace assessed? Peace is people's demand and desire for a happy life, while war is an extreme solution to human social contradictions. The relationship between war and peace has always been one of the fundamental issues of human civilization because it concerns the survival and development of mankind and the future of civilization.(g)How are differences between people treated? To look at the gap between people dialectically, some things are similar, for example, human nature is similar; Some things are impossible to compare, such as innate resources. Therefore, we should treat the gap between people objectively and rationally, which is normal and objective.

英语笔译 李思源 Li Siyuan 202170081575

(a) What role does money play? It acts like a boost to make our life better. But, it doesn't mean that more is better. People chasing it all the time can seldom get true happiness, because things they have sacrificed are much more important, like, time, health, friends... Views on money can definitely influence our life. (b) What role do physical work and machines play? Thanks to those manual workers, we are able to develop fields on all sorts of machines. Integration of the two factors plays an important role in developing our country. Both cannot be less. (c) How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved? A country should be inclusive, positive, open and peace-loving. Mutual respect is the key to resolve conflicts between nations. (d) What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China? For many years, western countries reckon that they are superior, neglect the development of China. When they realized it, they can do nothing but defame the Oriental Dragon, because they know that their many aspects in technology are left behind China. (e) What is China's position in Asia / the world? Since ancient times, China has been a peace-loving country that pursues progress. Therefore, China will never seek hegemony. Inviting the rest of countries in Asia, China has always been committed to contributing to the progress of Asia. (e) What government system prevails? How did it come about? Of course socialism. It spares no effort to pursue happiness for all socialist members. (f) How is peace assessed? People across the world are living with happiness. No conflict, no racism, no war. (g) How are differences between people treated? Mutual respect is the most important part between people.

英语笔译 李婷 Li Ting 202170081576

(a) As the saying goes, money is not everything, but without money you can do nothing. I think this sentence can describe the contradiction of money. If you pay too much attention to money, utilitarianism is inevitable, while ignoring the role of money makes it difficult to do anything. What money does is transaction, which means that everything, even emotions, can be exchanged with the consent of both parties. This is an extreme statement, but it does exist. But when it comes to people who don't have a strong desire for money, money has little effect.

(b) First of all, as far as physical labor is concerned, in China, schools generally emphasize the all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor, which shows the importance of labor in student training. Work can not only help people exercise, but also enable people to understand the difficulties of manual workers and learn to put themselves in others' shoes. In addition, about the role of machines, I believe that now we have really realized its beauties, such as washing machines, dishwashers, sweeper and so on have greatly liberated human hands; And mobile phones, TV sets, refrigerators and so on provide the ultimate enjoyment of human beings. However, while seeing the function of its function, we can not completely rely on the machine, which will gradually make us lose the ability to do things or even think.

(c) In a broad sense, a country is a social group that shares a common language, culture, ethnicity, territory, government, or history. In a narrow sense, a country is a community formed by people within a certain range. Generally, conflicts between countries end in war or peace negotiations.

(d) First of all, it was the development of western science and technology that opened the door to modern China and brought misery to China. But there is no denying that it also opened the horizon of modern Chinese people and brought scientific knowledge to China. In addition, western political and ethical thoughts have also greatly influenced China, and the concept of democracy and freedom is deeply rooted in people's hearts. All of this has had an important impact on China today.

(e) First, China is an independent political power, a developing country with rapid economic growth, and a country with strong military defense capabilities. Second, China is a permanent member of the UN Security Council and the only permanent member among developing countries. China is playing an increasingly important role in promoting justice and upholding justice through the forum of the United Nations. Third, as the largest socialist country in the world, China has always pursued an independent foreign policy of peace and firmly followed the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and reform and opening up. China has become a country with great characteristics and influence in the world. Fourth, as the largest developing country, China has provided successful experience for developing countries to get rid of poverty. Politically, China has strengthened solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries and made important contributions to the cause of opposing hegemonism and safeguarding peace. At present, China is the largest developing country with the strongest comprehensive strength in the world. Its status and influence in international affairs are constantly rising, and China has become an important force on the international stage.

(f) The government system varies from country to country. It is impossible to say which is more popular. It is determined according to the political system and basic national conditions of each country.

(g) Peace means the absence of war or other armed conflicts. The way to evaluate peace is to see whether people can live and work in peace and whether a country can maintain prolonged stability.

(h) Everyone is different, including personality, hobbies and so on, are unique. Therefore, we need to treat the differences between people in a correct way, and respect that others have different preferences from our own. We should not to ridicule, comment, and slander others' preference.

英语笔译 廖诗韵 Liao Shiyun 202170081582

(a) What role does money play? Money is a mixed bag. In modern life, money acts as an indispensable medium in our access to food, water, school… almost everything a decent life requires. However, money, in my opinion, is among the culprits of most evil deeds happening in the world. People with weak willpower let money control their actions. For instance, profit-oriented companies produce products that are bad for people’s health, and money-oriented people commit crimes like theft and robbery.

(b) What role do physical work and machines play? As far as I am concerned, physical work is the source of the invention of machines. Throughout history, people have always gotten inspiration and needs from physical work to invent machines that make work more efficient, such as the steam engine in the First Industrial Revolution. On the other hand, machines play a vital role in our work or even life, which bring a lot of convenience and efficiency.

(c) How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved?

Different nations have different characteristics. Through dialogue, communications, and cooperation, nations try to find their common interests and reach a compromise, so that conflicts can be resolved.

(d) What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China? I have no idea.

(e) What is China's position in Asia / the world?

China is working hard to develop into a responsible major country in Asia/ the world. China has always been committed to safeguarding world peace and promoting common prosperity. China is trying to be a supporter and contributor in Asia/ the world.

(e) What government system prevails? How did it come about? Nowadays, different countries have developed their own government system according to their national conditions, histories, and culture.

(f) How is peace assessed? No war. No violence. No economic or political blockade. All in all, no war or conflict in any form.

(g) How are differences between people treated? It is natural that there are differences between people. We can seek common ground while reserving differences. Respecting each other, consulting equally, and striving for common development.

英语笔译 刘乐乐 Liu Lele 202170081584

a. Money acts as a regulator of all societies. And for individuals money is necessary because man can not work without eating.

b. Physical work is the source of all resources and products that we use. Machines can be a great help in saving physical work.

c.Nations are characterized by their state system. Conflicts between nations can be solved through dialogue and consultation during which certain military and economic strength is necessary too.

d.I don't know.

e.China is now a major country in the world and of course in Asia too with its growing economic and technological strengths. But it is an emerging country at the same time which needs to learn the strengths from other countries as well.

f.No war in any forms, economically, politically and militarily.

g.I don't know what the question implies.--Liu Lele (talk) 08:36, 29 March 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 刘双英 Liu Shuangying 202170081585

(a) What role does money play? Money is a kind of currency. It palys an important role in people's daily life. Individuals have to use it to support their basic living needs. Sometimes with enough money, people can do something they like, like travelling. (b) What role do physical work and machines play? Phycial work needs human efforts while machines liberate humans from broing and tiring work, and then people can pay more attention to more significant and skilled activities. To some extent, people might be fired and lost their jobs for machines replace their positions, especially for those who receive little education. (c) How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved? A nation is that people share the same language and culture there. People live in certain territories. The conflicts between nations may be caused by differnt factors, interest infringed by others is one of them. Sometimes wars would go up on the stage to settle the conflicts, it's the worst situation. Sometimes, the two countries would reach an agreement to defuse the conflicts, which would not bring about death. (d) What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China? As i's known to all, the technological development was much earlier in western nations than in China. Thence, it's natural that technologies in western nations are more advaced than in China. As for this point, China should learn new and advanced technologies from the western nations to help improve itself both in economic sector and people's living. China has a long history so western nations can also learn something realted to morality from China. In this way, both party can create a better future. (e) What is China's position in Asia / the world? In recent years, China has made great contributions to the world. While the globe was facing the Covid-19 epidemic, China appealed that the whole world should work together to fight against the pandemic. China also did its utmost to help those countries in need, like sending masks and vaccines to them. Besides, China shared the successful practices for preventing and controlling the pandemic to the world. In my view, gradually,China is as an intergal part in both in Asia and in the world.

(e) What government system prevails? How did it come about? At present, there many countries are capitalist countries. Among their political structures, republic and democratic parties are always the two main parties. Each parties represents differet people's interests, some western countries insist that individual freedom is the most important thing for citizens but, in reality, the freedom is not good as they said. In China, people do benefit a lot under the system of socialism. (f) How is peace assessed? When there is no war, no killing, no fighting, no violence and people lead a happy life with no worries about food. The peace is for the world not for a single country so that in order to create a peaceful world every effort and contribution from each counrty is the right way to reach that goal. (g) How are differences between people treated? Eeryone is equal and should be treated equally. While confronting differences, we should respect them.

英语笔译 刘婷 Liu Ting 202170081586

(a) What role does money play? I think money is very essential in our life. It is the supporter of our living. We need money to receive education, get marriage, buy food, clothes and everything we need in our daily life. But in some cases, money is a devil, which triggers numerous disputes.

(b) What role do physical work and machines play? Labor production activities play a vital role in human society, which produces our daily necessities. They are mainly conducted by the way of man's physical work and machines. With the development of technology, there are many physical work being replaced by machines.

(c) How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved? Each nation is characterized by its unique culture, history, ideology, international prestige and so on. Conflicts between nations were settled by war and are settled by peaceful dialogue.

(d) What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China? They are equal and make up for each other.

(e) What is China's position in Asia / the world? China plays an increasingly important role in Asia and the world. It makes its own contributions to the world and Asian development.

(e) What government system prevails? How did it come about? Each government system has its own advantages and disadvantages. At least it should be benefit for the people.

(f) How is peace assessed? The steability of commodity price;tariff;people's living standard; economic development rate;welfare system; military affaris and so on.

(g) How are differences between people treated? There is no the same people. We just need to accept the difference and try to make our society more justice and fair.--Liu Ting (talk) 13:12, 30 March 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 刘瑶 Liu Yao 202170081587

(a) What role does money play? Money works as a tool to meet people’s basic needs and further desires.

(b) What role do physical work and machines play? Physical work contributes a lot to our daily life, while machines are playing a more and more important role assisting humans. Life will be better with the effective cooperation between the two.

(c) How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved? Personally, a nation is more characterized by its culture and politics, which depend mainly on its history and ideology, than its economy and other issues. When there are conflicts, nations related should act peacefully, exchange ideas positively and strive to solve the problems instead of avoiding the facts and giving violent response.

(d) What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China? Western nations undoubtedly lead the way in the technical industry for their great success in the Industrial Revolutions, while China is getting stronger with tireless explorations. Owing to thousands of years of history, Chinese people admire traditional virtues and valuable revolutionary spirits, which are of great significance and worth. In short, western nations and China should learn from each other and make joint efforts to create a better world in all respects.

(e) What is China's position in Asia / the world? Whether in Asia and the world, China is a major country that contributes a lot economically and in many other factors. With its unswerving efforts and great progress, it plays an increasingly important role in the world.

(f) What government system prevails? How did it come about? As for China, it advocates socialism. While in most western countries, capitalism plays a dominant role. The government system of a nation is fundamentally linked with its history and culture, which will have a further influence on its response to global issues.

(g) How is peace assessed? If we say a nation is peaceful, then there is no war and acts of any kind of violence. Meanwhile, people in this nation suffer no discrimination and live equally and happily regardless of their ethnics and status.

(h) How are differences between people treated? People are born to be different. Just let it be.

英语笔译 马艳焕 Ma Yanhuan 202170081591

(a) What role does money play?

Money, the quantitative expression of the ability to control the material world， is probably the greatest invention of mankind. Because money can measure the value of most specific things, it has also made a significant contribution to human civilization, enabling mankind to progress from bartering business practices to modern society with open trading platforms for stocks, real estate, finance, etc. This is all due to the work of money. In modern society, money can be said to be ubiquitous, it has long penetrated all aspects of people's clothing, food, housing, and transportation. If a person doesn't have money, he can't get around in society; if he has money, he can get material enjoyment. Since money has this role, it has maddening magic and is covered with a mysterious veil. Money is something that many people aspire to, but money is not everything.

(b) What role do physical work and machines play?

In the long history, the ancestors have created countless miracles to promote the continuous progress of mankind. Physical work developed from barbaric work to intelligent work so human beings have created magnificent buildings, rich ingredients, metal applications in life, etc， all of which are inseparable from physical labor. Nowadays, people rely on wisdom to invent machines, which can liberate part of physical labor and improve efficiency.

(c) How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved?

Nations are characterized by distinct class character, historical character, special social powers possessed by state organizations,a tightly organized system and coordination. China believes that "dialogue" is the right way to resolve international conflicts peacefully. Obviously, the form of dialogue that China advocates is the method of negotiation and consultation, which is an important method of political settlement of international disputes. In this day and age, no matter what disputes or conflicts arise between equal sovereign states, they should seek to resolve them by means of dialogue. This is because it not only helps to enhance mutual understanding among the countries involved, clarify the facts and resolve conflicts but also avoids the deep disasters that may be brought to the people of both sides. But some nations prefer war.

(d) What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China?

To some extent, the West believes that it has more advanced technology and thus has a proud sense of superiority and oppresses other countries for its own greater benefit. It is true that China was not as skilled as others before, and after a series of reforms and opening up, China's technology is slowly improving, and it is also true that confidence occurs but not a sense of superiority.

(e) What is China's position in Asia / the world?

As a regional power, China has a special interest and a pivotal position in promoting regional cooperation in Asia. China provides a huge market for the development of Asian countries. China is an important force in maintaining regional stability and security. Politically, China, as the world's largest developing country, plays a unique role and has an important influence in the international political arena. China's development and power promote the process of multi-polarization in the world and the establishment of a new international order. As one of the five permanent members of the United Nations, China has an important influence on maintaining world peace and resolving international disputes and regional conflicts. China has always taken strengthening solidarity and cooperation with the Third World as the basic foothold of its foreign work and enjoys high political prestige and wide influence in the Third World. In science and technology and culture, breakthroughs in extreme fields such as space activities and giant computers have made the nation proud and impressed the whole world; there is a certain degree of Chinese language fever internationally and the number of Confucius Institutes is increasing. For one thing, China is an important force in promoting world economic prosperity. The successful experience of China's reform and opening-up has made an important contribution to the world's economic development. China's development cannot be separated from the world, and the world's prosperity and stability cannot be separated from China.

(f) What government system prevails? How did it come about?

There are many systems of government, including dictatorship, constitutional monarchy, republic, presidential system, general system, and socialist republic. I can't say which system prevails because each country has chosen today's system according to its own historical development or for some reason.

(g) How is peace assessed?

Peace usually refers to the absence of war or other acts of hostile violence.It is a fact that all mankind is pursuing peace. But the "peace" that people pursue is not the same peace. Before Trump, the peace for Americans was that "freedom and democracy" was the ultimate goal of the world. My military should be so strong that no one can challenge democracy and threaten democracy. If such challenges and threats no longer exist, there will be peace in the world.What is the peace of the great powers of the East? All countries, big or small, are equal.

(h) How are differences between people treated?

I think differences are inevitable, and we should respect and tolerate existence of differences.--Ma Yanhuan (talk) 09:12, 30 March 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 聂薇 Nie Wei 202170081592

(a) What role does money play? In literature, money can be viewed as the patron, who support the work of those writers. So to some extent, their writings are confined to a specific topic, and sometimes they have to write something conforming to the ideas of those providing the money rather than their own thoughts. (b) What role do physical work and machines play? Physical work and machines are the symbol of the coming of the Industrial age. They promoted the massive production and technological improvements, thus bringing about social revolution. (c) How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved? Every nation’s characteristics derive from its historical traditions and realities. Its own culture, history, political system, technological base and other traditions, as well as its current situation in many aspects, including economic, political and cultural fronts, have a bearing on its characteristics. Conflicts between nations have to be solved by effective communication and mutual understanding. They have to respect each other’s interests and rights, and then pursue common development rather than harming others to benefit itself. (d) What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China? Some Chinese writers believe that western technology is more advanced than China, and China is morally and spiritually superior to western countries. But this is not always the case. China’s technology is developing rapidly, and in western countries, their moral and spiritual standards are improving. So there is no concrete relationship between them, I think, the belief mentioned above is just based on prejudice. (e) What is China's position in Asia / the world? China has always been a firm force for safeguarding world peace and stability. China has made important contributions to world economic development and cultural diversity, has always respected the sovereignty and interests of all countries, and has played an important role in both Asia and world peace. (f) What government system prevails? How did it come about? Now, capitalism prevails the world, but in China, we will always adhere to the road of socialism and let the people run the country. This is in line with China's historical reality and realistic national conditions, and it is the right path found in the years of exploration, and it is originated from Marxism. (g) How is peace assessed? Peace refers to a state of no war or hostile violence, with countries focusing on their own development and the common development of the world, rather than infringing on the interests of other countries and provoking wars. (h) How are differences between people treated? We should respect the differences between people, understand each other and be inclusive, learn from each other, and not adopt a hostile attitude.--Nie Wei (talk) 08:38, 28 March 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 孙丽君 Sun Lijun 202170081593

(a) What role does money play? Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts in a particular country or socio-economic context, or is easily converted to such a form. Though in our daily life, money is essential for us to maintain the orderly operations, it can be an exaggerator too, it depends on different outlooks of life. (b)What role do physical work and machines play? Physical work is a factor of production and people need to perform with their strength, while machines are the outcomes of industrial revolution, helping people free their hands and reduce working hours and save labor costs to some extent. Both are very important in today’s world to make our life better if combing the two ways. (c)How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved? The nature of a nation is related to its long-lasting history and culture, and which is presented through the ideology. The conflicts between nations can be solved via peaceful talks and negotiations. (d)What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of western nations and China? From the China’s perspective, many Chinese people think that the westerners are lack of moral cultivation even though their technologies have advanced by leaps and bounds. However, some think that those people are just tempted to deal with the inferiority complex with the West. And I think no matter the technical superiority in the west or moral superiority in China, both are prejudice-oriented and both need to respect each other’s tenets on an equal basis. (e) What is China’s position in Asia/ the world? Throughout the history, we can learn that China has undergone periods of prosperity and decay and nowadays China is the largest developing country in the world, playing an increasingly important role in world’s economy, politics, environmental protection and other aspects. China is the main force to maintain the peace and stability in Asia and even worldwide. (f)What government system prevails? How did it come about? In China, the people’s status as masters of the country is the essence of people’s democracy, and in China, people implement the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the system of People’s Congress under the leadership of CPC, which is due to the China’s special national conditions and the result of historical development and the support of Chinese people. (g)How is peace assessed? Peace means that there is no conflicts or confrontations, and peace is determined by a process of adjustment between what people, groups or states will do. And peace is based on a consequent powers and equal communications. Someone said that peace is achieved through war, thus we should cherish the hard-won peaceful life nowadays. (h)How are differences between people treated? People in different countries have differences in skin colors, religious beliefs and speak different languages and receive different education. The whole world is full of differences, what we should do is respect each other, learn from each other and exchange more on the equal and inclusive basis.--Sun Lijun (talk) 11:13, 28 March 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 童略雅 Tong Lueya 202170081595

(a) What role does money play? Money plays an essential role in our life. With money, we can buy foods, clothes and houses to satisfy our basic needs. Besides, it can also help us to get more advanced education, to travel around the world, to make more friends and so on. Thus, our spiritual world can be well satisfied. But at same time, money is not omnipotent. It cannot buy genuine friendship, happiness and also health.

(b) What role do physical work and machines play? Physical work is the basis for the survival and development of human society. Machines can make physical work more efficient, save more time and liberate humans from boring and tiring work. They improve productivity and promote social revolution.

(c) How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved? A nation is characterized by its culture, history and economy. conflicts between nations can be resolved through communication and consultation based on mutual trust.

(d) What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China? As the Industrial Revolution in Western countries was earlier than China, so in some extent, some of their technology was indeed more advanced and modern than us. However, China also has some professional fields more advanced than that of the West. On the other hand, China has a long history of its traditional virtues, but some of the west countries also pay great attention to morality.

(e) What is China's position in Asia / the world? As the largest developing country, China has provided successful experiences for developing countries to deal with poverty; politically, it has strengthened cooperation with developing countries and made important contributions in the course of opposing hegemony and maintaining peace. At present, China is the world's largest and most powerful developing country in terms of comprehensive strength, and its status in the international arena is constantly improving, and its influence in international affairs is increasing, making it an important force on the international stage.

(f) What government system prevails? How did it come about? Government system varies among different countries, which depends on their national conditions. A prevailing government system is the one that protects people’s basic rights and interests and supported by people.

(g) How is peace assessed? No war, no conflicts of any excuses between countries.

(h) How are differences between people treated? Everyone is different and should be treated equally. Because of the differences, the world has been so colorful. We should respect differences. --Tong Lüeya (talk) 13:31, 30 March 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 王思琪 Wang Siqi 202170081597

(a) What role does money play? Money is the material conditions that support people's survival and can meet the basic needs of human beings, such as food, clothing, housing and transportation. To a certain extent, the economy affects the quality of life and spiritual needs, and the economic foundation determines the superstructure,but money is not omnipotent. (b) What role do physical work and machines play? Machines are unconsciously following human procedures to complete specified tasks, machines can save time and labor costs, and physical work provides more job opportunities for those with little knowledge compared to mental labor. (c) How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved? The soft and hard power of a nation has a profound impact on a nation's status in the international arena, and economic, cultural, and military aspects may be the hallmarks of a nation; one way to resolve conflicts is to insist on seeking common ground while reserving differences and resolving national conflicts in a peaceful manner. (d) What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China? In terms of certain technologies, the West is indeed better than us at the moment, and it is worth learning. However, Chinese economy is developing steadily and rapidly, with advanced high-speed rail technology, aerospace technology, quantum technology, and rice technology, etc. The West cannot match China in certain technological fields, so it is not clear whether Western technology will continue to lead in the future; in terms of morality, we cannot generalize, and some Western countries are standing on the moral high ground and trying to disturb the situation of world peace, and some Western countries are morally less superior. (e) What is China's position in Asia / the world? China's role as a developing power in Asia and the world is to maintain the international order while providing innovative solutions to global governance, assuming the responsibility of a great power and being an important force for peace in Asia and the world, and China's economic growth plays a positive role for the people of Asia and the world. (e) What government system prevails? How did it come about? A system that always puts the people first prevails, the people are in charge and their legitimate rights and interests are protected. (f) How is peace assessed? There are no wars or conflicts, the country is prosperous and the people are at peace，and everything is running smoothly and orderly. (g) How are differences between people treated? people are inherently different in various ways and we should not treat them unfairly because they are different from us.we should give them equal treatment.--Wang Siqi (talk) 14:42, 28 March 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 王亚娟 Wang Yajuan 202170081598

(a) Money plays an indispensable role in our daily life. Money can be used to buy all our daily necessities, to participate in recreational activities, to treat diseases, etc. Money is the basis of all material life. (b) Engagement in manual labor is very common in production, and the function of machines overlap with that of manual labor to a large extent. The advent of machines has greatly increased productivity and has replaced some of the manual labor. At present, both manual labor and machines are present in some production activities. In the future, machines will replace more manual labor and play a greater role in people’s life. (c) The nation is distinctly class-based and has a tightly organized system. Conflicts between nations are generally resolved through negotiation (a common way in modern societies) or war (a common way in history), or war followed by negotiation. (d) There is a conflict between the two views. The underlying reasons behind it are related to their different histories and cultures. But it also shows that both sides recognize that technology and morality can be in contradiction in many situations. (e) As an influential player in Asia and the world, China has always been a promoter of peace and development. (f) Democracy is prevailing. It first arose in ancient Greece and has developed over time. (g) There is no war, no conflict between countries. (h) In economic, political, and social terms, colored people are discriminated against in comparison to Caucasians; women are discriminated against in comparison to men.--Wang Yajuan (talk) 08:22, 28 March 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 肖冬晴 Xiao Dongqing 202170081599

(a) Money plays an important part in people’s everyday life and serves as the basis on which individuals sustain themselves. In the entangled literary circle where multiple powers interact, money takes its form of sponsorship from the patron and to some extent dictates the ideology and content of the writing.

(b) Physical work and machine play as the supplement of each other. Hard and strenuous as physical works might be, users may feel much relieved as proper aid from machines set them free.

(c) The air of its people, citizens, the profound history and culture, alongside with territories of certain scale serve as the attributes which jointly characterise a nation. Conflicts arise mainly from the discrepancies in national interests. In today’s world where peace remains the common aspiration of all, it is through dialogue and negotiation featuring win-win cooperation that would help end the tension.

(d) The western countries may take the lead in the development of science and technology for the early start of industrial revolutions and with that boast their acclaimed liberty, democracy, and fraternity of starry origins from a superior perspective, disdaining the rest part of the world. Yet China is progressing and outperformed many western countries in the prevention of the covid-19 pandemic with the belief of people priority, protecting to the largest extent the life and health of its people. The accusations from the west against China of “no freedom” and “no human rights” are made with condescension and is completely groundless.

(e) China ranks as the largest country in Asia and the third largest in the world. With continuous efforts and development over the years, China now becomes the second largest economy in the world and has greatly enhanced its comprehensive national strength.

(f) It is only the government system chosen by the people that will prevail regardless of the ups and downs in the course of history. The government system of each country didn’t come from as a bolt of the blue. Instead, it was through the fighting of generations that it was finally settled.

(g) Peace refers to a situation or period of time in which there is no war or violence in a country or an area. Today’s world is witnessing an era of peace and development.

(h) Everyone is born different with differences in races, gender, personality and skin colour. There used to be wrong ways to treat these differences in history and what is sadly true is that these prejudices and discriminations still pervade in certain parts of the world. But the thing is, it is differences that makes the world charming and colourful.--Xiao Dongqing (talk) 08:49, 30 March 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 肖佳莉 Xiao Jiali 202170081600

(a) What role does money play? Sometimes, in literature, money gives birth to literary creation; literary creation reversely leads to monetary material (happens to writers with wealthy status and talent), money becomes the purpose of literary creation. As writers and readers keep changing, this relationship will be constantly new and will take different forms in different regions and cultures.(b) What role do physical work and machines play? Previously, the entire production power relied on human and animal power. As the market demand increased, manual production in factories could no longer meet the demand, and there was an urgent need for large factory production. Machines then replaced human labor, driving the industrial revolution. (c) How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved? The nation’s characteristics derive from its history, we can summarize them like Chinese virtues: loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, compassion, fidelity, righteousness, peacefulness, equality. Conflicts between nations can be solved by mutual benefit and effective communication. (d) What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China?The West is earlier than our industrial revolution, so in technology, we have to learn from the West, and in the field of moral, we have a longer history than the West, some ideas may be more specialized after a long time of accumulation.The last but not least, it's a mutual learning, mutual integration process between East and West(e) What is China's position in Asia / the world?We are a developing country now, we adhere to the policy of independent and peaceful diplomacy, adhere to the five principles of peaceful coexistence, and resolutely maintain peace and oppose war. (f) What government system prevails? How did it come about?We adhere to socialism, which is related to our history and national conditions, and socialism is the right path for us(g) How is peace assessed? Peace usually means a state where there is no war or other hostile acts of violence, where each person is focused on himself, and each nation is focused on itself. (h) How are differences between people treated? We should think more about the reasons for the differences,, and understand these differences in a more tolerant manner.--Xiao Jiali (talk) 10:28, 28 March 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 张国浩 Zhang Guohao 202170081606

(a) What role does money play? Money is very important for us but is not the most important things in our life. Many things are more important than money ,such as friendship ,love ,and family ,and so on .We can use money to buy many things but for people's hearts. A people only care the money ,which is very sorrowful.Gradually,he will lose many things that is more important than money.And last,he will become lonely. Sometimes money can let many people gather and make friends with you .However,you have to know they may be not your true friends and they just want you money. A true friend never care whether his friend is poor or rich.A firend in need is a friend indeed.Having some sincere friends is the true happiness. (b) What role do physical work and machines play? Physical workcreates civilization and wealth, including material wealth and spiritual wealth. It can also promote human development and promote the continuous progress of history. Machines are indispensable in society. In our society, there are many dangerous jobs that can be replaced by machines. In this way, personal safety can be guaranteed and labor force can be liberated. The efficiency is higher than that of people and quality can be guaranteed. (c) How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved? The nations have five characteristics. The first one is distinct class character. The second is that nations are historic. The third one is state organizations enjoy special social rights. The fourth one is that nations have a strict organizational system. The fifth is coordination. For countries with friendly relations, based on the basis of trust and cooperation and the overall situation, when there is a contradiction between them, it can be solved by means of communication and consultation. For countries that are neither enemies nor friends, if there are contradictions with such countries, they can be solved through diplomatic negotiations based on the overall relationship of seeking truth from facts and maintaining equal transactions. For hostile arrogant and unreasonable countries, if there is a contradiction with such countries, newspapers, magazines and radio stations are used to expose, criticize and mobilize public opinion, forming huge international and domestic public opinion pressure. (d) What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China? The rapid development of science and technology in western countries has contributed to their sense of moral superiority, that is, they believe that they are the highest race in the world, and other races should submit to themselves. (e) What is China's position in Asia / the world? China is the objective geographical center of Asian regional cooperation. China provides a huge market for the development of Asian countries. China is an important driving force for regional cooperation in Asia.China is an important force in maintaining regional stability and security. As a responsible big country in the world, China plays a vital role in safeguarding world peace and stability. At the same time, China is also one of the important driving forces driving world economic growth. (f) What government system prevails? How did it come about? There are three kinds of government system: autocracy, democracy and oligarchy. When it comes to China, Chinese government stands up for socialism. A system suitable for one's own national conditions is a good system. (g) How is peace assessed? Peace and development have become the theme of our times, which is the result of the development and changes of various contradictions in the world and the rational role of the world in restraining the growing factors of war. (h) How are differences between people treated? Everyone has his own personality. I think the differences between people are inevitable, but don't look at other people's personality with different eyes, which will embarrass others. So we should treat them equally.--Zhang Guohao (talk) 14:34, 29 March 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 张瑞 Zhang Rui 202170081608

(a) What role does money play? Money plays a huge role in the society in variety of ways such as in business, at peoples job, and even in education. Money helps people achieve a better quality of education, larger chance of business success, and higher work output.People value education highly in their lives and a quality education is dependent on the amount of money spent on this type of investment. Every single person in this world has to invest their money on education for them to gain learning. (b) What role do physical work and machines play? Physical work can refine machines work and improves work quality. Machines make work easier. Machines make tasks simpler by reducing the amount of effort it takes for humans to perform certain tasks. (c) How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved? A nation is a large group of people who inhabit a specific territory and are connected by history, culture, or another commonality. A nation-state is a cultural group.Public conflicts can also be resolved by an international body, such as the U.N., but that does not occur very often. More often, the countries engage in diplomacy, negotiating a settlement to their differences, or they continue their conflict at varying degrees of intensity and violence. (d) What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China? China views the global governance system as a direct outcome of the distribution of power among nations. According to the Chinese view, powerful nations design global institutions, rules, and norms to reflect and further their own national interests. Since the United States and other Western developed nations designed many of today’s institutions in an era when China was a much weaker power.Their superiority over China in many aspects would lead to a conflict in the international community. (e) What is China's position in Asia / the world? China has taken on an outsized role in international economics and politics. As its economy expands, the world’s most populous nation is branching out in efforts ranging from transportation infrastructure expansion in Asia—known as the Belt and Road Initiative—to significant investment in Africa and South America. (e) What government system prevails? How did it come about? Democratic socialism.Democratic socialism is defined as having a socialist economy in which the means of production are socially and collectively owned or controlled, alongside a liberal democratic political system of government. Democratic socialists reject most self-described socialist states and Marxism–Leninism. (f) How is peace assessed? We can achieve world peace through having international bodies that will ensure that every nation upholds world peace. Such a body is United Nations and other world organizations that ensure every country has the responsibility of promoting peace. We can also achieve world peace through upholding democracy. The main cause of world violence is dictatorship. When countries have the freedom to vote, they are able to choose the right leaders who are peace friendly. World peace is also achieved through globalization. When globalization is encouraged, countries will uphold peace since they will avoid going into war with countries that have economic ties with them. (g) How are differences between people treated? We should focus on each other's strengths. Focusing on core values, beliefs and perceived strengths can motivate people to succeed, and may even buffer the negative effects of bias. Overcoming hardship can also make people more resilient and better able to face future challenges.--Zhang Rui (talk) 02:44, 30 March 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 郑冬琴 Zheng Dongqin 202170081610

a)What role does money play? In the age of money worship, money is the master of literature. In the 1990s, the commercialization of Chinese literature resulted in a lack of quality and artistic skills. So literature remained enslaved, although its master changed from politics to money.b)What role do physical work and machines play? Physical work and machines accelerated the Industrial Revolution, which greatly increased the productivity of western countries. However, it also promoted the outbreak of the war of aggression to some extent.c)How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved? A state is a social group with settled people, defined territory, an independent government, and complete sovereignty. Conflicts between states should be resolved in a peaceful manner. We should seek the greatest common good and adopt a diplomatic attitude of mutual respect.d) What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China? They influence and transform each other. Some Chinese writers believe that western technology is more advanced than China, but China is morally and spiritually superior to western countries. Finally China will be technologically superior to the West on account of its age-old moral and spiritual superiority.e)What is China's position in Asia / the world? China is playing an increasingly important role in the world, which has contributed greatly to promoting world economic growth, maintaining world peace and promoting world cultural prosperity.f) What government system prevails? How did it come about? Socialism is the most popular system of government. China, for example, is a socialist country. In China, all the power of the state belongs to the people. Our country is committed to protecting all the rights and interests of the people.g) How is peace assessed? Peace is evaluated by different people in terms of technology, the pace of national development, new global order and universal values. But what we really need for world peace is universal morality and a pure human nature.h) How are differences between people treated?All men are born to be equal. All people should be treated equally no matter what color of skin we are, what religion we believe in, or how rich we are. People should live in harmony, respect, accept and tolerate each other.--Zheng Dongqin (talk) 06:25, 28 March 2022 (UTC)

英语笔译 周皓熙 Zhou Haoxi 202170081612

(a)What role does money play?

Money is equivalent. It is the son of commodity economy as well as a spur to economy. With money, commodities could be sold and bought.

(b)What role do physical work and machines play?

Physical work was simple labor which entails less brain. With the development of techonology, machines was invented, which greatly extended human's physical strength. Therefore, physical work and machine could be combined together to advance effectiveness. They both helped the production of products.

(c)How are nations characterized, how are conflicts between nations resolved?

Nataions are charaterized by history, geography and culture cultivated by them. In ancient times, conflicts between nations were mainly resolved by war and conquer. While in modern time, we suggest solving conflicts through discussion and negotiation.

(d)What is the relationship between the technical and moral superiority of Western nations and China?

Technical superiority defines moral superiority. Whether western nations or China, the stronger nations distinguish right and wrong.

(e) What is China's position in Asia / the world?

China is a huge country and a ancient nation in east Asia and also the world. China believes itself to be a developing country and partner of nations around the world.

(f) What government system prevails? How did it come about?

Political system is determined by history, classes and ideology. Constitutionalism is the most prevailing system in the world. Government system changes with productivity.

(g) How is peace assessed?

When war is ceased.

(h) How are differences between people treated?

People are born different. Many methods have been taken to narrow gaps between different nations and classes. It has to be admitted that differences exist but active methods have to be taken.