20221231 LangCult 6

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202270081706 汪世博 Wang Shibo 日语笔译(Japanese translation)

The Phenomenon of Student Confucian Rituals and the Reasons Behind It

汪世博 Wang Shibo, 202270081706

Abstract

Many of today's student population will worship Confucius before major exams and use stationery with Confucius-related elements on it in order to get the desired results. This paper will focus on this cultural phenomenon, analysing the contemporary status of Confucius in ancient Chinese education and the impact of his words and actions on contemporary students.

Key Words

Chinese culture，Confucius，Examination culture

Introduction

The worship of Confucius originated in China and spread to the East Asian cultural circle and overseas Chinese Confucian traditions. Because Confucius and his Confucian education are so deeply rooted in Chinese culture, in recent years many students have chosen to pay homage to Confucius prior to their exams in order to obtain the desired grades in the exams. This paper will focus on this theme, outline the phenomenon and analyze the reasons behind it.

1.Worship to Confucius before the examination

Such activities have been reported not only in mainland China, but also in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore and other areas where Chinese people live. Its activities are also very flexible and can be simple or grand.

1.1 Major regions where Confucius rituals are held

Rituals to Confucius in the traditional sense are distributed all over the world in places where Chinese people have settled or are deeply influenced by Confucianism, such as mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and the United States. However, the activities of worshipping Confucius before examinations are mainly concentrated in predominantly Chinese societies, especially in mainland China and Singapore, where the activities of worshipping Confucius before examinations are frequently seen in news reports.

1.2 Event Flow

Generally speaking, there are several processes for pre-examination prayer rituals.

(1) Lining up in line

(2) Cross the “Lingxingmen”

(3) Cross the “Panchi” and walk through the “Zhuangyuanqiao”

(4) Stand alone and touch the “Aotou”

(5) Cross the “Dachengmen”

(6) Pray for blessing and ring the bell

(7) Offer incense to worship Confucius

(8) Tie the red ribbon, issue the blessing bag, wishing sign.

(9) Take a group photo and a small video.

The above activity flow is not universal, but only one of them can be done as a representative. In the specific implementation, according to the site conditions and facilities can be adjusted accordingly.

1.3 Other expressions

In recent years, it has become increasingly common to use stationery with relevant patterns and characters for examinations instead of paying homage to Confucius on site. To meet this market demand, Chinese stationery brand Chenguang has launched the "Confucius Temple Prayer" series of stationery, which has been widely welcomed by the student community. The stationery is often seen on major social media platforms in mainland China.

2.Reasons for the pre-examination worship activities of Confucius

This article analyzes the reasons why students worship Confucius before exams from both the past and present

2.1The Status of Confucius' Educational Thought in China

Confucius enjoys a high status and respect in Chinese educational circles. Confucius' approach to education, its content, principles and objectives have been an important inspiration for the development of contemporary teaching. His policy of 'teaching without discrimination' has laid the foundations for contemporary educational equity, while his teaching of “word and deed” emphasises contemporary moral education in China. Therefore, students choose to worship Confucius before exams in order to get the desired grade.

2.2 The pressure of exams on students under the test-based education system

Under the test-based education system, students are generally overburdened. In some provinces and cities of primary and secondary schools, some elementary school first and second grade students book bag mail more than ten pounds heavy, every day to do homework until 11 or 12 o'clock late at night. In test-based education, the function of the test is alienated from the means of testing to the purpose and motivation of learning. Ultimately, the test can neither test the quality of teaching and students' level, nor effectively select talents. At the same time, the secondary and high school exams under the test-based education system are "once-in-a-lifetime", i.e., one exam alone has a great impact on the tone of future development, so students and parents are ripe with great pressure before the exams and will do anything to get a good score. It is driven by this logical relationship that students and their parents go to the ritual of Confucius.

Conclusion

In areas with a large Chinese population, it is gradually becoming a trend to worship Confucius before exams. The reasons behind this are mainly divided into two parts, historical factors and social factors. The historical factor is the status of Confucius in Chinese education, and the social factor is the pressure that the examination-based education system puts on students, especially primary and secondary school students.

References

[1].Reichenbach, R., & Kwak, D. J. (Eds.). (2020). Confucian perspectives on learning and self-transformation: international and cross-disciplinary approaches (Vol. 14). Springer Nature.

[2].You, Y. (2020). Learning experience: An alternative understanding inspired by thinking through Confucius. ECNU Review of Education, 3(1), 66-87.

[3].侯金亮.（2012). 考前集体“拜神”只是娱乐节目？.河北教育：综合版(1),48-48.

[4].陈定山.(2015).别把“考前文庙祭孔”太当回事． 湖南教育：中旬(B), (6), 15-15.

[5].王营.（2018). 拜孔子像祈求通过考研是迷信不是仪式．甘肃教育,(2),6-6.

[6].周颖. (2015). 橡皮外衣. 中学生博览, (1), 86-86.

[7].(2009).考试笔打出“孔庙祈福”招牌. 共产党员(16),37.

[8]孙复初.(2006).应试教育的危害、风源、及其治理思路. 湖北招生考试(04),33-37+63.

202270081654 王雅姝 Wang Yashu 英语笔译(English translation)

Swear Words in Ancient China

王雅姝 Wang Yashu, 202270081654

Abstract

Most words were not offensive at first. In some situations, at some time, they acquired taboo properties and became swears. Swear words tell a lot about society, gender, class, etc. This paper aims to explore the typical swear words in ancient China, discuss about their origin, background and usage, and try to conclude the development of those filthy words. Such information may offer a fascinating insight into Chinese language and culture.

202270081655 王植碧 Wang Zhibi 英语笔译(English translation)

Post-editing of Machine of Translation

王植碧Wang Zhibi，202270081655

Abstract

As a new language service technology, machine translation will certainly replace human translation in the long run. However, due to its imperfect technology, machine translation still has a lot of room for development. Post editing is a new translation method based on machine translation, which realizes the "intelligent+manual" cooperative translation mode and can make up for the defects of machine translation to a certain extent. Therefore, in a considerable period of time, post editing translation will become the dominant translation mode.

Key words

Machine translation; Post-editing; Cognitive effort.

202270081656 王智灵 Wang Zhiling 英语笔译(English translation)

王智灵 Wang Zhiling 202270081656

Abstract Ink and wash is a unique genre of traditional Chinese painting. It uses little or no color but applies black ink in different shades to white paper or silk. As a typical representative of traditional Chinese painting, it is one of the styles that best represent the spirit of China’s fine arts. This paper aims to first explore the origin of ink and wash, then discuss the development of ink and wash in different dynasties.

202270081698 吴博涵 Wu Bohan 英语口译(English interpretation)

Ancient Chinese's Wisdom in Water Conservancy Projects

吴博涵Wu Bohan, 202270081698

Abstract

The water management today is no longer confined to one place or one country. There is still a long way to go to properly understand the water situation and future trends, objectively analyse the relationship between water and nature and human social development, and from the perspective of national public affairs management, this paper seriously sums up the experience and lessons of history, scientific planning and comprehensive management.

Key Words

Water conservancy, Wisdom of ancient China, Society govenance, Human and nature, Comprehensive management

202270081659 伍超穎 Wu Chaoying 英语笔译(English translation)

Lavish Burials in Chinese Funeral Culture

伍超穎Wu Chaoying，202270081659

Abstract

Throughout long Chinese history, lavish burials have basically occupied a dominant position in Chinese funeral culture. The lavish burials of the ancients were related to their soul concepts, ancestor worship and Chinese concept of filial piety. In addition, the rise of lavish burials has led to the spread of the concept of filial piety, the emergence of professional grave robbers and environmental impact. This paper makes a brief introduction on lavish burials.

Key Words

lavish burials; views on death; ancestor worship

202270081658 吴敏 Wu Min 英语笔译(English translation)

Chinese Kung Fu

202270081707 伍晓莉 Wu Xiaoli 日语笔译(Japanese translation)

The reason why Chinese online novels go overseas - represented by WebNovel

伍晓莉Wu Xiaoli,202270081707

Abstract

In 2016, WebNovel became the first official platform for the overseas dissemination of Chinese online literature. Network literature has been given a new mission to help people read, and it needs to show its due social responsibility. This article is represented by WebNovel, explains the current situation of contemporary online novels, analyzes the reasons why online novels can go abroad, and lists some representative works.

202270081660 席书涵 Xi Shuhan 英语笔译(English translation)

Lying Flat Culture in China

席书涵Xi Shuhan，202270081660

Abstract

“Lying Flat” is a translation of the Chinese phrase tang ping which refers to a social movement and attitude towards life that goes viral among Chinese youngsters who adopt a more leisurely and nonmaterialistic life in rejection of professional demands and societal expectations. This chapter is on the reasons behind Lying Flat culture, and its influence on our society and country.

key words

Lying Flat; Involution; Lifestyle; Subculture