20221231 LangCult 8

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Chinese Mystery Novel

谢紫佳Xie Zijia,202270081670

Abstract

The term 'Zhiguai' refers to the account of strange and bizarre events, and generally refers to the Zhiguai novel, one of the classical Chinese novels, which mainly recounts stories and legends of ghosts and spirits. The 'ghost'is an object of legend and belief that has been perpetuated from ancient China, forming a unique Chinese ghost culture. It was a genre that took 'ghosts' as the subject of storytelling, created and flourished in the Wei, Jin and North and South Dynasties, reflecting the spread of metaphysical culture and Buddhism and Taoism at the time.

Key words

Mystery novels; Ghost culture; Wei,Jin and North-South dynasties

Comparison of Chinese and western food culture under the background of “Chinese Culture Exporting

熊丹Xiong Dan,202270081671

Abstract

Chinese and Western food cultures are very different, their dining methods, objects, etiquette and eating concepts are also different. However, with the development trend of globalization, the communication of various nationalities is increasing, and the food culture begins to learn from and integrate with each other to a certain extent. Starting with the differences in the focus of Chinese and Western food cultures, this paper compares Chinese and Western food cultures under the background of cultural export.

= = Key Words = =

Food culture,differences

= =摘要 = =

中西方饮食文化千差万别,其用餐方式、对象、礼仪与饮食观念也各不相同。但伴随着全球化的发展趋势,各民族交流日益增多,饮食文化开始出现一定程度的借鉴与融合。本文从中西方饮食文化中所关注的重点的差异等方面入手,基于文化背景输出下对中西方饮食文化进行了比较

= =关键词 = =

饮食文化，区别

= =Introduction= =

Food culture is an important part of human civilization, which is influenced by different food cultures in China and the West. Chinese and Western countries have great differences in dietary concept, dietary content, cooking way and tableware use and so on. Under the current background of promoting cultural prosperity, this paper takes food culture as the entry point and analyzes the differences between Chinese and western food cultures, hoping to reduce some cultural conflicts in cross-cultural communication. This paper makes a comparative analysis of Chinese and Western food cultures from the perspective of intercultural communication to provide reference experience for promoting the prosperity and development of Chinese food culture and cross-cultural communication.

= = Manifestation of differences between Chinese and Western diets = =

1. Dietary Concept Influenced by different historical and cultural environments and geographical conditions, Chinese and western food cultures are different in many aspects. 1) The diet concept in our country is mainly extreme taste.Under the influence of this concept, people pay more attention to the eating experience, and the taste of food is an important source to give people good feelings. 2) Chinese food concept more attention to Yin and Yang harmony. In the diet to pay more attention to the food itself for the harmonization and health care of the viscera. 3) The food concept of our country is still mainly reflected in the principle. Food can not only maintain survival, but also give people taste enjoyment with rich and delicious taste. At the same time, it can make people feel healthy and positive cultural sentiment from food, and also reflect the pursuit of noble sentiments in cooking and tasting food. The western concept of diet is reflected in the following aspects: 1) The western concept of diet is reflected in the collocation of dietary nutrition. This combination is analyzed more from a professional nutritional perspective. Under this concept of diet, Westerners do not pay much attention to the appearance, flavor and taste of food itself, but to ensure the health and safety of human body by eating large pieces of meat and raw fresh vegetables. 2) In the western diet concept, although the ingredients of western food are very fine, the preparation methods are mostly simple, so it has high efficiency, which is well reflected in the fast food industry. 3) The western concept of diet is also mainly reflected in seasoning. In the process of making food, there are a variety of seasonings, such as milk and cheese and so on. 4) In western food culture, the collocation of food materials mainly depends on the shape and color, which is mainly based on the bright color, because this kind of food collocation can stimulate the appetite better. 2 Diet Content 1) Our diet is mainly composed of grains and other crops, while vegetables, fruits and meat are mostly eaten as complementary foods. And our country tends more to cooked food. 2) There is a great difference between the north and the south, which is mainly sweet in the south and salty in the north. 1) Western countries are mainly based on animal food, red meat is the staple food on the table, vegetables are complementary food. 2) Western food are mainly cold food 3 Diet style 1)In Chinese families, "reunion dinner" and "New Year's Eve dinner" are the outstanding manifestations of Chinese food culture. This is because China has always been a family culture, and the connection of blood relationship and family has always been a highly respected culture. 2)Chopsticks are the most commonly used tableware in our country and spoon is an auxiliary tableware. 1)In the Western,occidentals put into practice Individual Dining System, which is influenced by the individualism culture of the West. People respect individuality and each other's space. 2)Dining is generally AA - based, Western tableware is also based on knife and fork.

= = Reasons for the differences in food culture = =

1. The influence of geographical environment. The geographical environment provides the physical basis for people's diet. China has fertile soil and mild climate,which is suitable for the growth of crops. In the west, there is a temperate maritime climate, which is suitable for the development of animal husbandry, so meat and dairy products become the main body of western diet culture. 2. The influence of national character. Under the influence of Confucianism, China pursues harmonious beauty, which is reflected in the dietary emphasis on the harmony of the five flavors, drinking and eating together. Influenced by nomadic culture and maritime culture, the West is independent and aggressive, so the separation of knives and forks in the diet and meals are the embodiment of its national character 3. The influence of religious culture. The West is dominated by Christianity, and the "Blessed Virgin Mary" has influenced the respect for women in Western food culture. However, in China, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are in parallel. In its teachings, the diet mainly avoids raw food and neither affirms the status of women in society. The former has influenced a preference for cooked food and vegetarianism in the Chinese diet, while the latter has kept women away from the table for years.

= = Conclusion = =

By comparing the differences between Chinese and western food culture, the barriers of Chinese and Western food culture can be eliminated and reduced. At the same time, understand the root of differences, so as to achieve smooth communication in cross-cultural communication. More importantly, with the export of culture, Chinese food culture will also keep pace with The Times. Take food innovation as an example. KFC, as a world-famous fast food skin brand, introduced burger flavors more in line with Chinese people's habits, such as "Sichuan-flavored double chicken leg burger", when it was promoted in China. KFC also operates the main fried chicken products at the same time launched the century egg lean porridge, fried dough sticks and other very Chinese characteristics of the food. It is KFC's understanding of Chinese people's eating habits on the basis of a thorough understanding, so that the brand can achieve long-term development.

= = References = =

[1]孙远用.跨文化视域下的中外饮食文化对比研究；评《中西饮食文化比较》[J].食品安全质量检测学报，2021，12（20）；8299-8300 [2]李纪扬.跨文化交际背景下中西方饮食文化的对比[J] .北方文学，2019（32）：188-190 [3]林伟杰.中西方国家饮食文化与餐桌礼仪对比分析[J].大众文艺，2019（20）：261-262 [4]陈思妍.中西方饮食文化差异对比在大学英语教学中的应用研究[J].校园英语，2019（8）：19. [5]彭希艳.中西方思维方式差异对饮食文化的影响分析[J].食品安全导刊，2020（33）；57-58 [6]任闯.简析中西方饮食文化的差异[J].现代交际，2019（8）：72. [7]胡文仲，跨文化交际学概论[M]，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1999. [8]The Differences in Food Culture between China and Western Countries[J]. 廖紫锐.  校园英语. 2018(41) [9]Study on the Differences Between Chinese and Western Diet Culture[J]. 卢冬梅,邱凌锋.  校园英语. 2017(36)

= = Questions = =

1.what’s the differences between Chinese and Western diets? A.Dietary Concept B. Diet Content C.Diet style D.all of above.

2.what is the the western concept of diet?(多选） A.The western concept of diet is reflected in the collocation of dietary nutrition. B.the ingredients of western food are very fine, the preparation methods are mostly simple, so it has high efficiency C.The western concept of diet is also mainly reflected in seasoning. D.the collocation of food materials mainly depends on the shape and color

3.Does the infuence of geographical environment is the reason for the differences in food culture? A .Yes B.No C.Not clear

4.what’s the significance by comparing the differences between Chinese and western food culture ? A.the barriers of Chinese and Western food culture can be eliminated and reduced. B.understand the root of differences, so as to achieve smooth communication in cross-cultural communication C.Chinese food culture will also keep pace with The Times. D.all of above.

An Introduction of Errenzhuan in Northeast China

Xu Siyu 202270081700

Abstract

Errenzhuan is popular in the northeastern part of China, just as Yu Opera is in Henan province. It is fair to say that Er ren zhuan has exerted great influence on China, and that it is an important part of northeastern culture. This paper will give a brief introduction of it.

Eunuchs in Ancient China

颜琦Yan Qi, 202270081672

Abstract

Eunuchs have long functioned as an integral part of Chinese imperial feudal system since they were created. In Chinese history, the castrated or emasculated imperial court servants dealt with the court affairs for the emperors but some of them took part in politics and economic activities and even owned military rights. This paper will discuss the characteristics of eunuchs and important historical events on them during different historical periods, so that readers can understand the political power of eunuchs to the feudal dynasties in ancient China.

202270081673 杨思吟 Yang Siyin 英语笔译(English translation)

==Topic== The Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Yang Siyin, 202270081673.

Abstract

Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history, and the development of TCM can be devided into 5 parts, be they the primitive society, the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period, Qin and Han dynasties, the Sui, the Tang and the Five Dynasties, and Ming and Qing dynasties. Over these five periods, TCM continued to envolve, from a beneficial life experience to a systematical system. Also, there comes four crucial medical books that palys an important role.

Foshan Paper-cutting Culture

杨晰微 Yang Xiwei, 202270081674

Abstract

With a long history of over one thousand years in China, Paper-cutting art has formed different local styles throughout the country. Foshan paper-cutting, reputed for its unique regional styles and distinctive cultural features, was listed as one of the intangible cultural heritages of China in 2006. This paper focuses on introducing the origin, development, categories and themes of Foshan paper-cut, and further exploring its current situation.

Key Words

Foshan paper-cut art, Cultural heritage, Features

题目

佛山剪纸文化

摘要

剪纸艺术在中国有一千多年的悠久历史，在全国各地形成了不同的地方风格。佛山剪纸以其独特的地域风格和鲜明的文化特色而闻名，于2006年被列为中国非物质文化遗产之一。本文着重介绍了佛山剪纸的起源、发展、种类和题材，并进一步探讨了佛山剪纸的现状。

关键词

佛山剪纸艺术，文化遗产，特色

Introduction

Located in Guangdong province, Foshan is a main birthplace of Lingnan culture, which is featured with ingenuity, diversity, openness and so on. Foshan paper-cutting is deep rooted in broad and profound Lingnan culture. Consequently, it possesses strong Lingnan cultural features. Then it becomes one of major schools of Chinese paper cutting. Foshan paper-cut is different from that in northern China which is resolute, bold and magnificent, and reflects the unique dexterity, elegance and fresh and beautiful features of that in southern China.(Yang Mingxia 2015, 82)

Origin and Development

Paper-cutting in Foshan originated during the Song Dynasty and flourished during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with a history of more than 800 years. Since the Ming Dynasty, Foshan paper-cutting has been produced in large quantities by specialized industries, and the products were sold across the country and even exported to South Asian countries. (Liang Genxiang 2001, 16) After the heyday of traditional paper-cutting in the Ming and Qing dynasties, Foshan's commerce and handicrafts were hit hard by the invasion of foreign capitalism after the Opium War. Foshan traditional paper-cutting has begun to decline during the period of the Republic of China, is moribund during the anti-Japanese war period. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Foshan paper-cutting was given a new lease of life. On May 4, 1956, the Foshan Qiuse Craft Society was established, and in September of the same year, it was renamed the Foshan Folk Art Research Society, with a paper-cutting workshop, and became the main base for the creation, research and sale of modern Foshan paper-cutting. Since the reform and opening up, the Foshan Folk Art Research Society has invested a total of more than 2 million yuan to protect, transform and innovate the traditional craft of Foshan paper-cutting.(Liang Daguang 2009, 221)

Categories

There are two categories: one is cut with scissors and the other is carved with an engraving knife. The later is a characteristic in Foshan, and is also the main industry of Foshan paper-cutting. This type of paper cuttings can be carved into 20-30 sheets at a time, which is suitable for mass production. This category of paper cuttings can be divided as followings.

A.Single-color Paper-cuts

This type of paper cutting contains one color and red is the most often used. It is the basis for all other types of paper cutting.

B.Lining Paper-cuts

According to the different materials uesd, it can be divided into paper lining material, copper lining material, silver lining material, etc. Among them, copper lining paper cuttings is unique to Foshan. This technique is to use copper foil to cut the pattern of main body and then add different colored pieces of paper onto it as the back.

C.Color Paper-cuts

Different materials can be used like paper, silver or copper. Among them, copper material is the most special. It is a combination of painting and paper-cutting art form. Firstly, use a knife to carve out the outline of the picture on the copper foil sticked onto a paper later. Then, mix watercolor with glue to paint lines.

D.Copper Chisel Paper-cuts

This is one of the most characteristic varieties of Foshan paper-cutting, which is not engraved with a knife, but with a small copper chisel on copper foil, similar to a ball pen, with a wooden mallet to knock out small round beads in line with the image. (Su Liman, Liang Danni 2010, 160)

Themes

The themes of Foshan paper-cuts are mostly loved by the masses. According to different themes, Foshan paper-cut can be divided into three categories.

The first one is the auspicious and festive category, which usually expresses good wishes and implications with the help of flowers, birds, insects, fish and other auspicious things, which are often matched with other elements. (Wang Juan 2008, 131)

The second is the folk custom activities which have strong ethnic customs and local characteristics under the long-term influence of Lingnan culture. Such as lion dances, dragon dance, weddings and temple fairs. These folk custom activities with Foshan characteristics are the indispensable paper-cut themes.

The third is folk stories from the past, mythology and literature, which reflect people's spirits, virtues and cultural concepts. For example, one of Foshan's representive paper cutting works of Qing Dynasty, "Ms Chan's boat chase", is the love story between nun Chan Miaochang and scholar Pan Bizheng who broke through the fedual ethical code and finally got married in the story of Jade Hairpin written by Gao Lian of Ming Dynasty.(Yu Xiangyi et al. 2020, 51)

Current Situation

Modern Foshan paper-cut has formed new characteristics. For example, the production division of labor has been specialized. The function of paper-cutting has changed from folkloric practical to artistic appreciation. The form of paper-cutting has been derived from small window flowers to large murals. Based on above, Foshan paper-cutting as a cultural resource has been transformed into a cultural product, realizing the interaction between skill transmission and production and marketing. (Zou Jinlin 2014, 36)

However, it also faces problems such as the loss of inheritors, the extinction of related industries such as raw materials, market instability and tax pressure, which need to be solved by all parties. For instance, schools in Foshan could launch handicraft courses to help students get closer to this charming art andlearn the culture behind it.(Huang Huanchen 2019, 136)

Conclusion

For hundreds of years, Foshan paper-cuts not only represents the people's pursuit for a better life but also influences every part of human lives. This paper aims to promote the protection and dissemination of Foshan paper-cutting culture and increase cultural confidence.

References

Huang Huanchen黄浣尘.(2019).佛山剪纸文化发展研究初探[Research on the Development of Foshan Paper-cutting Culture].艺术教育Art Education (05) 135-136.

Liang Daguang梁达光.(2009).佛山剪纸.[Foshan paper-cutting].大众文艺(理论)Popular Literature and Art (Theory) (20) 221.

Liang Genxiang 梁根祥.(2001).佛山剪纸[Foshan Paper-cuttings].Guangzhou:Lingnan Art Publishing House广州:岭南美术出版社.

Su Liman, Liang Danni苏里曼,梁丹妮.(2010).佛山剪纸造型艺术的探讨[Discussion on Foshan Paper-cut Plastic Art].包装工程Packaging Engineering (24) 160-162+166.

Wang Juan王娟.(2008).论佛山剪纸艺术特色[On the Characteristics of Foshan Paper-cut Art].装饰Decoration (08) 130-132.

Yan Mingxia颜明霞.(2015).广东佛山剪纸的岭南文化特色[The Lingnan Cultural Features of Poaper-cutting in Foshan, Guangdong Province].延边党校学报Journal of Yanbian Party School (05) 82-85.

Yu Xiangyi, Yi Xin, Hu Fangyuan, et al.余香怡，易欣，胡芳园，等.(2020).非物质文化遗产的活化与传承——以佛山剪纸在家具设计中的应用为例[The Activation and Inheritance of Intangible Cultural Heritage -- Taking the Application of Foshan Paper-cut in Furniture Design as an Example].家具Furniture (01) 50-53.

Zou Jinlin邹瑾琳.(2014).佛山剪纸艺术的传承与发展探究[The Inheritance and Development of Foshan Paper-cut Art].美术教育研究Art Education Research (11) 34-37.

Terms and Expressions

Lingnan culture 岭南文化

Foshan Qiuse Craft Society 佛山秋色工艺社

Foshan Folk Art Research Society 佛山市民间艺术研究会

single-color paper-cuts 纯色剪纸

lining paper-cuts 衬料剪纸

color Paper-cuts 写色剪纸

copper chisel paper-cuts 铜凿剪纸

copper foil 铜箔

Ms Chan's boat chase 陈姑追舟

Jade Hairpin 《玉簪记》

large mural 大型壁画

Questions

1.When was Foshan paper-cutting listed as one of the outstanding intangible cultural heritages of China？

A.In 2005. B.In 2006. C.In 2007. D.In 2008.

2.When did the Foshan paper-cutting flourish?

A.Tang Dynasty. B.Song Dynasty. C.The Ming and Qing Dynasties. D.The Southern and Northern Dynasties.

3.What is one of the most characteristic varieties of Foshan paper-cutting?

A.Single-color paper-cuts. B.Lining paper-cuts. C.Color Paper-cuts. D.Copper chisel paper-cuts.

4.What are the themes of Foshan paper-cutting?

A.The auspicious and festive category. B.The folk custom activities. C.Folk stories. D.Above all.

Answers

Correct answers are： 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.D

Chinese minority costume culture

余海铭 Yu Haiming, 202270081712

Abstract

The costumes of China's ethnic minorities are the national costumes worn by each of China's ethnic minorities in their daily lives and on festive and ceremonial occasions. Due to geography, climate, customs, economy and culture, the 55 ethnic minorities in China have formed different styles of costumes. Chinese minority costume culture is a treasure trove of colorful art with a long history.

Chinese Classical Gardens

Zeng Chen, 202270081626

Abstract

The Chinese classical gardens recreate natural landscapes in mininature, including both the vast imperial gardens and smaller private gardens. It takes great important part in Chinese culture and shows many aspects of aesthetic standards for Chinese art. This essay will focus on the history, design and philosophy of the classical gardens and will introduce some typical examples.

Warfare in Ancient China

张海珊 Zhang Haishan, 202270081675

Abstract

China's long history witnessed its own practices and innovations in warfare as rulers perpetually fought to dominate this vast nation and protect its borders from invading neighbors. Since the Warring States, China had produced perhaps the largest and most advanced technology and manual on warfare in the ancient world. This short paper will focus on some major weapons, equipment, and vehicles used specifically for the purpose of warfare in ancient China.

Chinese Noodles Culture

Zhang Keke张珂珂202270081676

Abstract

Noodles are a traditional Chinese noodle dish and are loved by the people. Noodles have a long history of consumption in China, and the richness of local produce and customs has given rise to a wide variety of noodles with different characteristics and flavours, which are integrated into people's lives. In this article, we will focus on the history of noodles, development status and the cultural connotation behind noodles.

Key Words

History of noodles, Noodles by region, Chinese custom

题目

中国的面条文化

摘要

面条是中华民族的传统面食，深受各界各族人民群众的喜爱。 面条在中国的食用历史悠久，各地丰富的物产和生活习俗，蕴育出了不同特色和口味的面条，其种类繁多，面条融入人们的生活。在这篇文章中，我们将重点介绍面条的历史，发展现状以及面条背后的文化内涵。

关键词

面条历史，各地面条，中国习俗

Introduction

Noodles are a common food. Originated in China, noodles have more than 4,000 years of production and consumption history. Noodle is a kind of health food, which is easy to make, convenient to eat and rich in nutrition. It can also be used as both staple food and fast food. It is made by grinding flour of grains or beans with water into a dough, then pressing or rolling or stretching into pieces and then cutting or pressing, or using rubbing, pulling, kneading and other means to make strips (or narrow or wide, or flat or round) or small pieces, and finally boiling, frying, stewing and frying. There are many kinds of patterns and varieties. In China, there are different kinds of noodles, such as Lo Mein, Lulu Mein, Braised Mein, Fried Mein, Mixed Mein, Soup Mein.

The History of Chinese Noodles

Noodle is a very ancient food with a long history, and it has been recorded in China's Eastern Han Dynasty. At that time, cooked wheaten food was called pancake. It was because noodles should be cooked in soup that noodles were also known as biscuit. They were sheets or strips. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, new types of noodles increased. In the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, there were more kinds of noodles, one of which had hardness and chewiness and was called "wet noodles can tie shoelaces." By the Song and Yuan Dynasties, dried noodles began to appear.

1.In the Han Dynasty, cooked wheaten food was collectively known as “pancake”.

Noodles had a long history and the earliest recorded usage of the word “Mina” was in the Eastern Han Dynasty. At that time, cooked wheaten food was called pancake. It was because noodles should be cooked in soup that noodles were also known as biscuit. While the word “Miantiao” came later.

2.In the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, noodles were being built.

During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the "water cake" in Jia Sixie's Qi Min Yao Shu was similar to modern noodles. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, people began to try to roll noodles and cut noodles with some tools instead of tearing them with their hands. A variety of noodles became more abundant and the custom of eating birthday noodles arose.

3.By the Song Dynasty, new types of noodles increased at a faster pace.

People in the Song Dynasty know about eating, which is famous in history. For example, Su Shi, the famous poet, loved to eat and cook. As many as thirty kinds of noodles have been well documented in many books in the Southern Song Dynasty

4.In the Yuan Dynasty, dry noodles were invented.

In the Yuan Dynasty when dry noodles began to appear, people have already known the simple preservation of noodles. It was also an achievement of noodles in history.

5.In the Ming and Qing Dynasty, noodles had a solid foundation.

In the Ming Dynasty, the technology of making noodles was so mature and new types of noodles began to appear, which laid a solid foundation for the development of noodles. In the Qing Dynasty, the appearance of “Wu Xiang noodles” and“Ba Zhen noodles” marked the proficiency of noodles. (Zhang Hejira, Qin Gaimei 2020, 18-19)

The Current Situation of Noodles

In the 21st century, there are more varieties of noodles. Different regions also produced distinctive noodles. Well-known examples of distinctive noodles include Noodles with Soy Bean Paste, Beijing Style (zhajiangmian), stewed noodles(huimian) in Henan, Shanxi sliced noodles, Lanzhou beef noodles, Shaanxi oil splashed noodles, Wuhan hot-and-dry noodles, Chongqing noodles, etc. (Xu Ping 2016, 58-59) Noodle is the common meal for most northern people and they focus on the quality of noodles. However, rice is more common for southern people, so they are not adept at making noodles and eat dry noodles more often.

1.Lanzhou Beef Noodles

Lanzhou beef noodles is a traditional food in Lanzhou, originated from the Qing Dynasty Jiaqing years. A classic bowl of hand-pulled noodles comes with beef broth, slices of beef, coriander and spring onions. It is said that the best beef noodles should acquire the following five features: clear soup, clean white turnips, brilliant red chili oil, green parsley and yellow noodles.

2.Shanxi Sliced Noodles

Sliced noodle is the most popular food in Shanxi province. Cutting by knives, it earns its name: shaved or sliced noodle. It is well-known at home and abroad due to its unique flavor. Sliced noodles include a variety of condiments, such as tomato sauce, meat sauce, mutton soup, etc., loved by people in China and even around the world. With the development of the times, knife noodles machine came into being. It can knead and cut noodle very fast with high production.

3.Wuhan hot-dry noodles with sesame paste

It is said that in Wuhan, where the summer heat is high and the span of time is long, people have long added edible alkali to the noodles to prevent spoilage, and this is the predecessor of hot noodles - cut noodles. Traditional hot-and-dry noodles are yellow. Generally, noodles will be cooked and cooled. When eating, people will heat noodles in boiling water, add seasonings such as sesame paste, chopped dried radish, vinegar, soy sauce and chili sauce. Finally, noodles will be sprinkled with chopped green onion and stirred with chopsticks.

4.Henan Stewed Noodles

Henan also has a flu out Chinese snack: stewed noodles(huimian). What a cheap and delicious delicacy! In the streets of Zhengzhou in Henan province, there are numerous restaurants mainly providing the stewed noodles and they vary in size and tastes. A bowl of delicious Henan stewed noodles, soup and noodles are very important. In general, the soup is boiled with tender lamb and various vegetables. People mix and knead repeatedly the floor dough. After that, the noodles will be smoother, softer and tougher. (Li Xuzheng, Han Yaren, Hong Weiwei 2022, 37)

The cultural Connotation behind Chinese Noodles

Noodles always play an important role in people's festive banquets. Chinese people often eat noodles on their birthdays, so noodles are also called “longevity noodles.” It is said that, one day, the imperial chef made a table full of delicious noodles in order to celebrate the birthday of Emperor Wu. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty felt that noodles were very cheap and did not conform to his status, so he felt unhappy. The chef was so afraid. At that time, there was a wise person beside the emperor, called Dongfang Shuo. Seeing such a dilemma, Dongfang Shuo said loudly: “Long live our great emperor!” And then the emperor felt so confused. So the wise person explained, “the reason why Peng Zu in ancient time lived to age 800 was that his face was long. Therefore, the moral of long and thin noodles is wishing you a good health and longevity of life. Hearing that, the emperor was very happy. So the story spread by word of mouth. On the wedding day, The bride’s family would prepare longevity noodles and send to the bridegroom’s. At night, the noodles would be boiled and distributed into two bowls, one was for the bride and the other was for the bridegroom. And then someone would ask the groom:“raw or not?” The groom would answer:“raw!” It turns that In China, raw has the similar pronunciation with the word “having a baby”, meaning a wish for children. (Xue Cui 2022, 35)

Conclusion

As a traditional staple food of the Chinese，noodle has a history of more than 4 000 years. Noodle is simple but nutritious delicacy. Only in China, there are a variety of noodles. In addition, noodles have their distinctive characteristics in different parts of China. They have both unique flavor and many other cultural connotations. A bowl of authentic Chinese noodles is not only local cultural continuity, but also contains rich folk cultural connotation.

References

Zhang Hejia张合家，Qin Gaimei秦改梅(2021). 探索面条的演进史[J] . 科学之友 18-19

面条沿着黄河走[J] 餐饮世界 2021（07）54-57

我国面条的历史[J] 文史天地 2021（10）93

Xu Ping 徐平. (2016). 让你想念的那一味：京城南北面条[J] 农产品市场周刊（21）58-59

Li Xuzheng李旭正, Han Yaren韩亚仁, Hong Weiwei洪微微(2022). 面条之路：传承三千年的奇妙饮食[J] 餐饮世界（02）37

Xue Cui雪翠. (2022) 面条与婚育习俗 山东农机化 35

Terms and Expressions

Noodles with Soy Bean Paste, Beijing Style北京炸酱面

Stewed noodles河南烩面

Shanxi sliced noodles山西刀削面

Lanzhou beef noodles兰州牛肉拉面

Wuhan hot-and-dry noodles武汉热干面

Questions

1.When has noodle been recorded in China?

A.Han Dynasty B.Song Dynasty C.Yuan Dynasty

2. When did dried noodles begin to appear?

A.Han Dynasty B.Yuan Dynasty C. Qing Dynasty

3.Which is originated from Shanxi Province?

A.Sliced noodles B.Beef noodles C.Hot-and-dry noodles

Answers

1.A 2.B 3.A