Difference between revisions of "20221231 LangCult 8"
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===Key Words=== | ===Key Words=== | ||
Food culture,differences | Food culture,differences | ||
| + | ===题目=== | ||
| + | 基于中国文化输出背景下的中西方饮食文化对比 | ||
| + | ===摘要=== | ||
| + | 中西方饮食文化千差万别,其用餐方式、对象、礼仪与饮食观念也各不相同。但伴随着全球化的发展趋势,各民族交流日益增多,饮食文化开始出现一定程度的借鉴与融合。本文从中西方饮食文化中所关注的重点的差异等方面入手,基于文化背景输出下对中西方饮食文化进行了比较 | ||
| + | ===关键词=== | ||
| + | 饮食文化，区别 | ||
| + | ===Introduction=== | ||
| + | Food culture is an important part of human civilization, which is influenced by different food cultures in China and the West. Chinese and Western countries have great differences in dietary concept, dietary content, cooking way and tableware use and so on. Under the current background of promoting cultural prosperity, this paper takes food culture as the entry point and analyzes the differences between Chinese and western food cultures, hoping to reduce some cultural conflicts in cross-cultural communication. This paper makes a comparative analysis of Chinese and Western food cultures from the perspective of intercultural communication to provide reference experience for promoting the prosperity and development of Chinese food culture and cross-cultural communication. | ||
| + | ===Manifestation of differences between Chinese and Western diets=== | ||
| + | 1. Dietary Concept | ||
| + | Influenced by different historical and cultural environments and geographical conditions, Chinese and western food cultures are different in many aspects. | ||
| + | 1) The diet concept in our country is mainly extreme taste.Under the influence of this concept, people pay more attention to the eating experience, and the taste of food is an important source to give people good feelings. 2) Chinese food concept more attention to Yin and Yang harmony. In the diet to pay more attention to the food itself for the harmonization and health care of the viscera. 3) The food concept of our country is still mainly reflected in the principle. Food can not only maintain survival, but also give people taste enjoyment with rich and delicious taste. At the same time, it can make people feel healthy and positive cultural sentiment from food, and also reflect the pursuit of noble sentiments in cooking and tasting food. | ||
| + | The western concept of diet is reflected in the following aspects: 1) The western concept of diet is reflected in the collocation of dietary nutrition. This combination is analyzed more from a professional nutritional perspective. Under this concept of diet, Westerners do not pay much attention to the appearance, flavor and taste of food itself, but to ensure the health and safety of human body by eating large pieces of meat and raw fresh vegetables. 2) In the western diet concept, although the ingredients of western food are very fine, the preparation methods are mostly simple, so it has high efficiency, which is well reflected in the fast food industry. 3) The western concept of diet is also mainly reflected in seasoning. In the process of making food, there are a variety of seasonings, such as milk and cheese and so on. 4) In western food culture, the collocation of food materials mainly depends on the shape and color, which is mainly based on the bright color, because this kind of food collocation can stimulate the appetite better. | ||
| + | 2 Diet Content | ||
| + | 1) Our diet is mainly composed of grains and other crops, while vegetables, fruits and meat are mostly eaten as complementary foods. And our country tends more to cooked food. 2) There is a great difference between the north and the south, which is mainly sweet in the south and salty in the north. | ||
| + | 1) Western countries are mainly based on animal food, red meat is the staple food on the table, vegetables are complementary food. 2) Western food are mainly cold food | ||
| + | 3 Diet style | ||
| + | 1)In Chinese families, "reunion dinner" and "New Year's Eve dinner" are the outstanding manifestations of Chinese food culture. This is because China has always been a family culture, and the connection of blood relationship and family has always been a highly respected culture. 2)Chopsticks are the most commonly used tableware in our country and spoon is an auxiliary tableware. | ||
| + | 1)In the Western,occidentals put into practice Individual Dining System, which is influenced by the individualism culture of the West. People respect individuality and each other's space. 2)Dining is generally AA - based, Western tableware is also based on knife and fork. | ||
| + | ===Reasons for the differences in food culture=== | ||
| + | 1. The influence of geographical environment. The geographical environment provides the physical basis for people's diet. China has fertile soil and mild climate,which is suitable for the growth of crops. In the west, there is a temperate maritime climate, which is suitable for the development of animal husbandry, so meat and dairy products become the main body of western diet culture. | ||
| + | 2. The influence of national character. Under the influence of Confucianism, China pursues harmonious beauty, which is reflected in the dietary emphasis on the harmony of the five flavors, drinking and eating together. Influenced by nomadic culture and maritime culture, the West is independent and aggressive, so the separation of knives and forks in the diet and meals are the embodiment of its national character | ||
| + | 3. The influence of religious culture. The West is dominated by Christianity, and the "Blessed Virgin Mary" has influenced the respect for women in Western food culture. However, in China, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are in parallel. In its teachings, the diet mainly avoids raw food and neither affirms the status of women in society. The former has influenced a preference for cooked food and vegetarianism in the Chinese diet, while the latter has kept women away from the table for years. | ||
| + | ===Conclusion=== | ||
| + | By comparing the differences between Chinese and western food culture, the barriers of Chinese and Western food culture can be eliminated and reduced. At the same time, understand the root of differences, so as to achieve smooth communication in cross-cultural communication. More importantly, with the export of culture, Chinese food culture will also keep pace with The Times. Take food innovation as an example. KFC, as a world-famous fast food skin brand, introduced burger flavors more in line with Chinese people's habits, such as "Sichuan-flavored double chicken leg burger", when it was promoted in China. KFC also operates the main fried chicken products at the same time launched the century egg lean porridge, fried dough sticks and other very Chinese characteristics of the food. It is KFC's understanding of Chinese people's eating habits on the basis of a thorough understanding, so that the brand can achieve long-term development. | ||
| + | === References=== | ||
| + | [1]孙远用.跨文化视域下的中外饮食文化对比研究；评《中西饮食文化比较》[J].食品安全质量检测学报，2021，12（20）；8299-8300 | ||
| + | [2]李纪扬.跨文化交际背景下中西方饮食文化的对比[J] .北方文学，2019（32）：188-190 | ||
| + | [3]林伟杰.中西方国家饮食文化与餐桌礼仪对比分析[J].大众文艺，2019（20）：261-262 | ||
| + | [4]陈思妍.中西方饮食文化差异对比在大学英语教学中的应用研究[J].校园英语，2019（8）：19. | ||
| + | [5]彭希艳.中西方思维方式差异对饮食文化的影响分析[J].食品安全导刊，2020（33）；57-58 | ||
| + | [6]任闯.简析中西方饮食文化的差异[J].现代交际，2019（8）：72. | ||
| + | [7]胡文仲，跨文化交际学概论[M]，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1999. | ||
| + | [8]The Differences in Food Culture between China and Western Countries[J]. 廖紫锐. 校园英语. 2018(41) | ||
| + | [9]Study on the Differences Between Chinese and Western Diet Culture[J]. 卢冬梅,邱凌锋. 校园英语. 2017(36) | ||
| + | ===Questions === | ||
| + | 1.what’s the differences between Chinese and Western diets? | ||
| + | A.Dietary Concept B. Diet Content C.Diet style D.all of above. | ||
| + | 2.what is the the western concept of diet?(多选） | ||
| + | A.The western concept of diet is reflected in the collocation of dietary nutrition. | ||
| + | B.the ingredients of western food are very fine, the preparation methods are mostly simple, so it has high efficiency | ||
| + | C.The western concept of diet is also mainly reflected in seasoning. | ||
| + | D.the collocation of food materials mainly depends on the shape and color | ||
| + | 3.Does the infuence of geographical environment is the reason for the differences in food culture? | ||
| + | A .Yes B.No C.Not clear | ||
| + | 4.what’s the significance by comparing the differences between Chinese and western food culture ? | ||
| + | A.the barriers of Chinese and Western food culture can be eliminated and reduced. | ||
| + | B.understand the root of differences, so as to achieve smooth communication in cross-cultural communication | ||
| + | C.Chinese food culture will also keep pace with The Times. | ||
| + | D.all of above. | ||
| + | ===Answers=== | ||
| + | Correct answers are: | ||
| + | . | ||
| + | 1. D | ||
| + | . | ||
| + | 2.ABCD | ||
| + | . | ||
| + | 3.A | ||
| + | . | ||
| + | 5.D | ||
==202270081700 徐思禹 Xu Siyu 英语口译(English interpretation)== | ==202270081700 徐思禹 Xu Siyu 英语口译(English interpretation)== | ||
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202270081670 谢紫佳 Xie Zijia 英语笔译(English translation)
Chinese Mystery Novel
Abstract
The term 'Zhiguai' refers to the account of strange and bizarre events, and generally refers to the Zhiguai novel, one of the classical Chinese novels, which mainly recounts stories and legends of ghosts and spirits. The 'ghost'is an object of legend and belief that has been perpetuated from ancient China, forming a unique Chinese ghost culture. It was a genre that took 'ghosts' as the subject of storytelling, created and flourished in the Wei, Jin and North and South Dynasties, reflecting the spread of metaphysical culture and Buddhism and Taoism at the time.
Key words
Mystery novels; Ghost culture; Wei,Jin and North-South dynasties
202270081671 熊丹 Xiong Dan 英语笔译(English translation)
Comparison of Chinese and western food culture under the background of “Chinese Culture Exporting
Abstract
Chinese and Western food cultures are very different, their dining methods, objects, etiquette and eating concepts are also different. However, with the development trend of globalization, the communication of various nationalities is increasing, and the food culture begins to learn from and integrate with each other to a certain extent. Starting with the differences in the focus of Chinese and Western food cultures, this paper compares Chinese and Western food cultures under the background of cultural export.
Key Words
Food culture,differences
题目
基于中国文化输出背景下的中西方饮食文化对比
摘要
中西方饮食文化千差万别,其用餐方式、对象、礼仪与饮食观念也各不相同。但伴随着全球化的发展趋势,各民族交流日益增多,饮食文化开始出现一定程度的借鉴与融合。本文从中西方饮食文化中所关注的重点的差异等方面入手,基于文化背景输出下对中西方饮食文化进行了比较
关键词
饮食文化，区别
Introduction
Food culture is an important part of human civilization, which is influenced by different food cultures in China and the West. Chinese and Western countries have great differences in dietary concept, dietary content, cooking way and tableware use and so on. Under the current background of promoting cultural prosperity, this paper takes food culture as the entry point and analyzes the differences between Chinese and western food cultures, hoping to reduce some cultural conflicts in cross-cultural communication. This paper makes a comparative analysis of Chinese and Western food cultures from the perspective of intercultural communication to provide reference experience for promoting the prosperity and development of Chinese food culture and cross-cultural communication.
Manifestation of differences between Chinese and Western diets
1. Dietary Concept Influenced by different historical and cultural environments and geographical conditions, Chinese and western food cultures are different in many aspects. 1) The diet concept in our country is mainly extreme taste.Under the influence of this concept, people pay more attention to the eating experience, and the taste of food is an important source to give people good feelings. 2) Chinese food concept more attention to Yin and Yang harmony. In the diet to pay more attention to the food itself for the harmonization and health care of the viscera. 3) The food concept of our country is still mainly reflected in the principle. Food can not only maintain survival, but also give people taste enjoyment with rich and delicious taste. At the same time, it can make people feel healthy and positive cultural sentiment from food, and also reflect the pursuit of noble sentiments in cooking and tasting food. The western concept of diet is reflected in the following aspects: 1) The western concept of diet is reflected in the collocation of dietary nutrition. This combination is analyzed more from a professional nutritional perspective. Under this concept of diet, Westerners do not pay much attention to the appearance, flavor and taste of food itself, but to ensure the health and safety of human body by eating large pieces of meat and raw fresh vegetables. 2) In the western diet concept, although the ingredients of western food are very fine, the preparation methods are mostly simple, so it has high efficiency, which is well reflected in the fast food industry. 3) The western concept of diet is also mainly reflected in seasoning. In the process of making food, there are a variety of seasonings, such as milk and cheese and so on. 4) In western food culture, the collocation of food materials mainly depends on the shape and color, which is mainly based on the bright color, because this kind of food collocation can stimulate the appetite better. 2 Diet Content 1) Our diet is mainly composed of grains and other crops, while vegetables, fruits and meat are mostly eaten as complementary foods. And our country tends more to cooked food. 2) There is a great difference between the north and the south, which is mainly sweet in the south and salty in the north. 1) Western countries are mainly based on animal food, red meat is the staple food on the table, vegetables are complementary food. 2) Western food are mainly cold food 3 Diet style 1)In Chinese families, "reunion dinner" and "New Year's Eve dinner" are the outstanding manifestations of Chinese food culture. This is because China has always been a family culture, and the connection of blood relationship and family has always been a highly respected culture. 2)Chopsticks are the most commonly used tableware in our country and spoon is an auxiliary tableware. 1)In the Western,occidentals put into practice Individual Dining System, which is influenced by the individualism culture of the West. People respect individuality and each other's space. 2)Dining is generally AA - based, Western tableware is also based on knife and fork.
Reasons for the differences in food culture
1. The influence of geographical environment. The geographical environment provides the physical basis for people's diet. China has fertile soil and mild climate,which is suitable for the growth of crops. In the west, there is a temperate maritime climate, which is suitable for the development of animal husbandry, so meat and dairy products become the main body of western diet culture. 2. The influence of national character. Under the influence of Confucianism, China pursues harmonious beauty, which is reflected in the dietary emphasis on the harmony of the five flavors, drinking and eating together. Influenced by nomadic culture and maritime culture, the West is independent and aggressive, so the separation of knives and forks in the diet and meals are the embodiment of its national character 3. The influence of religious culture. The West is dominated by Christianity, and the "Blessed Virgin Mary" has influenced the respect for women in Western food culture. However, in China, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are in parallel. In its teachings, the diet mainly avoids raw food and neither affirms the status of women in society. The former has influenced a preference for cooked food and vegetarianism in the Chinese diet, while the latter has kept women away from the table for years.
Conclusion
By comparing the differences between Chinese and western food culture, the barriers of Chinese and Western food culture can be eliminated and reduced. At the same time, understand the root of differences, so as to achieve smooth communication in cross-cultural communication. More importantly, with the export of culture, Chinese food culture will also keep pace with The Times. Take food innovation as an example. KFC, as a world-famous fast food skin brand, introduced burger flavors more in line with Chinese people's habits, such as "Sichuan-flavored double chicken leg burger", when it was promoted in China. KFC also operates the main fried chicken products at the same time launched the century egg lean porridge, fried dough sticks and other very Chinese characteristics of the food. It is KFC's understanding of Chinese people's eating habits on the basis of a thorough understanding, so that the brand can achieve long-term development.
References
[1]孙远用.跨文化视域下的中外饮食文化对比研究；评《中西饮食文化比较》[J].食品安全质量检测学报，2021，12（20）；8299-8300 [2]李纪扬.跨文化交际背景下中西方饮食文化的对比[J] .北方文学，2019（32）：188-190 [3]林伟杰.中西方国家饮食文化与餐桌礼仪对比分析[J].大众文艺，2019（20）：261-262 [4]陈思妍.中西方饮食文化差异对比在大学英语教学中的应用研究[J].校园英语，2019（8）：19. [5]彭希艳.中西方思维方式差异对饮食文化的影响分析[J].食品安全导刊，2020（33）；57-58 [6]任闯.简析中西方饮食文化的差异[J].现代交际，2019（8）：72. [7]胡文仲，跨文化交际学概论[M]，北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1999. [8]The Differences in Food Culture between China and Western Countries[J]. 廖紫锐. 校园英语. 2018(41) [9]Study on the Differences Between Chinese and Western Diet Culture[J]. 卢冬梅,邱凌锋. 校园英语. 2017(36)
Questions
1.what’s the differences between Chinese and Western diets? A.Dietary Concept B. Diet Content C.Diet style D.all of above. 2.what is the the western concept of diet?(多选） A.The western concept of diet is reflected in the collocation of dietary nutrition. B.the ingredients of western food are very fine, the preparation methods are mostly simple, so it has high efficiency C.The western concept of diet is also mainly reflected in seasoning. D.the collocation of food materials mainly depends on the shape and color 3.Does the infuence of geographical environment is the reason for the differences in food culture? A .Yes B.No C.Not clear 4.what’s the significance by comparing the differences between Chinese and western food culture ? A.the barriers of Chinese and Western food culture can be eliminated and reduced. B.understand the root of differences, so as to achieve smooth communication in cross-cultural communication C.Chinese food culture will also keep pace with The Times. D.all of above.
Answers
Correct answers are: . 1. D . 2.ABCD . 3.A . 5.D
202270081700 徐思禹 Xu Siyu 英语口译(English interpretation)
An Introduction of Errenzhuan in Northeast China
Abstract
Errenzhuan is popular in the northeastern part of China, just as Yu Opera is in Henan province. It is fair to say that Er ren zhuan has exerted great influence on China, and that it is an important part of northeastern culture. This paper will give a brief introduction of it.
202270081672 颜琦 Yan Qi 英语笔译(English translation)
Eunuchs in Ancient China
Abstract
Eunuchs have long functioned as an integral part of Chinese imperial feudal system since they were created. In Chinese history, the castrated or emasculated imperial court servants dealt with the court affairs for the emperors but some of them took part in politics and economic activities and even owned military rights. This paper will discuss the characteristics of eunuchs and important historical events on them during different historical periods, so that readers can understand the political power of eunuchs to the feudal dynasties in ancient China.
202270081673 杨思吟 Yang Siyin 英语笔译(English translation)
==Topic== The Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history, and the development of TCM can be devided into 5 parts, be they the primitive society, the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period, Qin and Han dynasties, the Sui, the Tang and the Five Dynasties, and Ming and Qing dynasties. Over these five periods, TCM continued to envolve, from a beneficial life experience to a systematical system. Also, there comes four crucial medical books that palys an important role.
202270081674 杨晰微 Yang Xiwei 英语笔译(English translation)
Foshan Paper-cutting Culture
Abstract
With a long history of over one thousand years in China, Paper-cutting art has formed different local styles throughout the country. Foshan paper-cutting, reputed for its unique regional styles and distinctive cultural features, was listed as one of the intangible cultural heritages of China in 2006. This paper focuses on introducing the origin, development, categories and themes of Foshan paper-cut, and further exploring its current situation.
Key Words
Foshan paper-cut art, Cultural heritage, Features
题目
佛山剪纸文化
摘要
剪纸艺术在中国有一千多年的悠久历史，在全国各地形成了不同的地方风格。佛山剪纸以其独特的地域风格和鲜明的文化特色而闻名，于2006年被列为中国非物质文化遗产之一。本文着重介绍了佛山剪纸的起源、发展、种类和题材，并进一步探讨了佛山剪纸的现状。
关键词
佛山剪纸艺术，文化遗产，特色
Introduction
Located in Guangdong province, Foshan is a main birthplace of Lingnan culture, which is featured with ingenuity, diversity, openness and so on. Foshan paper-cutting is deep rooted in broad and profound Lingnan culture. Consequently, it possesses strong Lingnan cultural features. Then it becomes one of major schools of Chinese paper cutting. Foshan paper-cut is different from that in northern China which is resolute, bold and magnificent, and reflects the unique dexterity, elegance and fresh and beautiful features of that in southern China.(Yang Mingxia 2015, 82)
Origin and Development
Paper-cutting in Foshan originated during the Song Dynasty and flourished during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with a history of more than 800 years. Since the Ming Dynasty, Foshan paper-cutting has been produced in large quantities by specialized industries, and the products were sold across the country and even exported to South Asian countries. (Liang Genxiang 2001, 16) After the heyday of traditional paper-cutting in the Ming and Qing dynasties, Foshan's commerce and handicrafts were hit hard by the invasion of foreign capitalism after the Opium War. Foshan traditional paper-cutting has begun to decline during the period of the Republic of China, is moribund during the anti-Japanese war period. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Foshan paper-cutting was given a new lease of life. On May 4, 1956, the Foshan Qiuse Craft Society was established, and in September of the same year, it was renamed the Foshan Folk Art Research Society, with a paper-cutting workshop, and became the main base for the creation, research and sale of modern Foshan paper-cutting. Since the reform and opening up, the Foshan Folk Art Research Society has invested a total of more than 2 million yuan to protect, transform and innovate the traditional craft of Foshan paper-cutting.(Liang Daguang 2009, 221)
Categories
There are two categories: one is cut with scissors and the other is carved with an engraving knife. The later is a characteristic in Foshan, and is also the main industry of Foshan paper-cutting. This type of paper cuttings can be carved into 20-30 sheets at a time, which is suitable for mass production. This category of paper cuttings can be divided as followings.
A.Single-color Paper-cuts
This type of paper cutting contains one color and red is the most often used. It is the basis for all other types of paper cutting.
B.Lining Paper-cuts
According to the different materials uesd, it can be divided into paper lining material, copper lining material, silver lining material, etc. Among them, copper lining paper cuttings is unique to Foshan. This technique is to use copper foil to cut the pattern of main body and then add different colored pieces of paper onto it as the back.
C.Color Paper-cuts
Different materials can be used like paper, silver or copper. Among them, copper material is the most special. It is a combination of painting and paper-cutting art form. Firstly, use a knife to carve out the outline of the picture on the copper foil sticked onto a paper later. Then, mix watercolor with glue to paint lines.
D.Copper Chisel Paper-cuts
This is one of the most characteristic varieties of Foshan paper-cutting, which is not engraved with a knife, but with a small copper chisel on copper foil, similar to a ball pen, with a wooden mallet to knock out small round beads in line with the image. (Su Liman, Liang Danni 2010, 160)
Themes
The themes of Foshan paper-cuts are mostly loved by the masses. According to different themes, Foshan paper-cut can be divided into three categories.
The first one is the auspicious and festive category, which usually expresses good wishes and implications with the help of flowers, birds, insects, fish and other auspicious things, which are often matched with other elements. (Wang Juan 2008, 131)
The second is the folk custom activities which have strong ethnic customs and local characteristics under the long-term influence of Lingnan culture. Such as lion dances, dragon dance, weddings and temple fairs. These folk custom activities with Foshan characteristics are the indispensable paper-cut themes.
The third is folk stories from the past, mythology and literature, which reflect people's spirits, virtues and cultural concepts. For example, one of Foshan's representive paper cutting works of Qing Dynasty, "Ms Chan's boat chase", is the love story between nun Chan Miaochang and scholar Pan Bizheng who broke through the fedual ethical code and finally got married in the story of Jade Hairpin written by Gao Lian of Ming Dynasty.(Yu Xiangyi et al. 2020, 51)
Current Situation
Modern Foshan paper-cut has formed new characteristics. For example, the production division of labor has been specialized. The function of paper-cutting has changed from folkloric practical to artistic appreciation. The form of paper-cutting has been derived from small window flowers to large murals. Based on above, Foshan paper-cutting as a cultural resource has been transformed into a cultural product, realizing the interaction between skill transmission and production and marketing. (Zou Jinlin 2014, 36)
However, it also faces problems such as the loss of inheritors, the extinction of related industries such as raw materials, market instability and tax pressure, which need to be solved by all parties. For instance, schools in Foshan could launch handicraft courses to help students get closer to this charming art andlearn the culture behind it.(Huang Huanchen 2019, 136)
Conclusion
For hundreds of years, Foshan paper-cuts not only represents the people's pursuit