20230709 cult finals

Back to course homepage: Chin_Cult_2023

link title=Topics= Please write in Chinese 1,000 characters. (Please also add an English translation.) Please think of a new text book chapter about a phenomenon of Chinese culture and list your topic with your name here. As soon as it will be approved by the teacher, you can start writing in one of the sub-websites beneath (see bottom of the page).

1. Lukasz 黄旭明 Huang Xuming, 题目 Topic: 中国产生日式文化出品 (China produces Japanese-style products)
2. Martyna 泊语丰 Bo Yufeng, 题目 Topic: 中国文化中的象征主义——动物 (The Symbolism in Chinese Culture. The Example of Animals.)
3. Alicja 柯之川 Ke Zhichuan, 题目 Topic: 中国人幸运和不吉利的数字 (Lucky and Unfortunate Numbers in the Eyes of Chinese People)
4. Marianna 麻亮 Ma Liang, 题目 Topic: _ _ _
5. Kalina 吴凯庭 Wu Kaiting, 题目 Topic: 基督教和佛教之间的差别 (The Differences between Christianity and Buddhism)
6. Izabela 夏颖姗 Xia Yingshan, 题目 Topic: 中国烹饪文化——语言方面 (Culinary Culture of China: The Art of Naming Chinese Dishes)
7. Aleksandra 韩美琳 Han Meilin, 题目 Topic: 中国佛教 (Chinese Buddhism)
8. Weronika, 题目 Topic: 缠足 (Foot-binding)
9. Daria, 题目 Topic: 鬼怪和辟邪 (Monsters and Exorcism)
10. Milena 1, 题目 Topic: _ _ _ (PLEASE CHOOSE A TOPIC NOW!)
11. Milena 2, 题目 Topic: _ _ _ (PLEASE CHOOSE A TOPIC NOW!)

How to write your final exam papers?

The deadline has been extended to July 9, 2023. Please find a paper you want to proof read, contact the author, proof read (by copying each paragraph and make corrections/suggestions in the copy) and sign until June 30. The author then finalizes (works in the suggestions) until the final deadline July 9!

Structure

需要有topic、学生姓名、学号、专业、Abstract、Key words、不同的章回（比如1. Introduction、2. ....、3. ……、4.……、5. Conclusion、References, Terms and Expressions, Questions, Answers)。Total number of Chinese characters: 1,000.

Tips for writing your final exam paper: How to indicate your references

• You can use the existing book chapters here as an example.
• Please write the text and indicate ALL SOURCES with bibliographical references. That means: At least for every paragraph, sometimes for single sentences, you have to indicate at the end, where you have found this information. E.g. (Liu Miqing 2010, 17). This means you have found it in the book or paper written by Ms Liu on page 17. And then, you need to add a section at the end called "References". There you write the full version of the reference: Liu Miqing 刘宓庆. (2010). 翻译基础 [Translation Basis]. Shanghai: East China Normal University 华东师范大学. Similarly, you do it for papers: Jin Wenlu 靳文璐. (2019). 机器翻译可以取代人工翻译吗? [Can machine translation replace human translation?]. 智库时代 Think Tank Times (40) 282-284.
• Do not write any references like in one of the sample chapters:

[1] dsalkfkdsa

[2] adsfadsfag

But only the following way:

(Liu Miqing 2010, 17) in the text

and then

References

• Jin Wenlu 靳文璐. (2019). 机器翻译可以取代人工翻译吗? [Can machine translation replace human translation?]. 智库时代 Think Tank Times (40) 282-284.
• Liu Miqing 刘宓庆. (2010). 翻译基础 [Translation Basis]. Shanghai: East China Normal University 华东师范大学.

Also, please avoid using the three apostrophes like ' ' ' (without spaces). Use the equal signs to mark headers and subheaders instead. If your paper topic has two equal signs at the beginning and end of your topic, then use three equal signs for your sub headers. Example (without spaces):

= = Topic = =
< c e n t e r > Student Name, Student no. < / c e n t e r >
= = = Abstract = = =
This chapter is on ....
= = = Key Words = = =
Egg, Hen
= = = 题目 = = =
= = = 摘要 = = =
= = = 关键词 = = =
= = = Introduction = = =
Here starts the normal text of the chapter. Please remember to indicate the source of EACH PARAGRAPH, sometimes even of single sentences. You can indicate it like this. (Woesler 2020, 345) And don't forget to mention the full bibliographical entry beneath under References.
= = = The Egg = = =
Bla, bla, bla
= = = The Hen = = =
Bla, bla, bla
= = = Conclusion = = =
Bla, bla, bla
= = = References = = =
Woesler, Martin. (2020). Responsibility and Ethics in Times of Corona. Woesler, Martin and Hans-Martin Sass eds. Medicine and Ethics in Times of Corona Muenster: LIT

Sample papers

You can find the full papers also on the Webpage History of Translation Studies). They are marked with "Sample paper".

• A Comparative Study between Functional Equivalence Theory and Skopos Theory and My thoughts on the Two Theories
• An Analysis of the Book of Contemporary Translation Theories and Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications
• Comparative Study on Functional Equivalence Theory and Skopos Theroy
• Comparison of Derrida’s and Benjamin’s Translation View
• Impacts of Western Translation Theories on The Translator’s Guide to Chinglish
• On the Comparison between "Sublimation" an "Functonal Equivalence" Theories
• Study on Gladys’ Translation of The Border Town from the Perspective of Translation Aesthetics
• The Translation of Culture-loaded Words in Chinese-English Communication
• Translators' Views on Translation Influence Their Translation Behavior

Sub-Websites to write your final exam paper on

As a reference, here is the information about last year's final exam papers:

The website where everybody wrote their final exam paper on became too big and produced a database error. Therefore we split the website into 10 small websites. They are sorted like the chapters in the book. Please look for your name and find the right of the 10 small websites to edit your book chapter. Everybody also needs to help to improve other book chapters (copy a paragraph, paste it beneath, make your corrections in the paragraph and sign it).

These are samples by Chinese students:

• Part 1, (samples)
• Part 2, (samples)
• 20230630_final_exam_culture_01 First group of students Tang Yingzi唐英姿 Zeng Jinquan曾锦泉 Shu Sijing舒思靖
• 20230630_final_exam_culture_02 2nd group of students Liu Xinwen刘欣雯 Qin Anni秦安妮 Xie Shyi谢诗祎
• 20230630_final_exam_culture_03 3rd group of students Gu Yuting谷钰婷 Liu Yingchi刘盈池 He Ying何颖
• 20230630_final_exam_culture_04 4th group of students Jiang Luyun姜露云 Wu Songyun吴松芸 Wen Xi文茜
• 20230630_final_exam_culture_05 5th group of students Wu Ting吴婷 Hu Yiqiang胡艺镪 Shu Jinyu舒锦玉
• 20230630_final_exam_culture_06 6th group of students Zhao Xizhen赵喜珍 Cao Wen曹文 Wang Jiaozi 王佳绮
• 20230630_final_exam_culture_07 7th group of students Song Yifang宋奕芳 Hu Xinping胡欣平 Deng Yingjie邓颖杰
• 20230630_final_exam_culture_08 8th group of students Wang Yihan汪奕含 Wu Qian吴倩 Xu Puliang许谱亮
• 20230630_final_exam_culture_09 9th group of students Ding Qian 丁倩 Wang Xinpeng王鑫鹏 Li Luyao李璐瑶

Lukasz 黄旭明 Huang Xuming, 题目 Topic: 中国产生日式文化出品 (China produces Japanese-style products)

中国产生日式文化出品 Lukasz 黄旭明 Huang Xuming

Alicja 柯之川 Ke Zhichuan, 题目 Topic: 中国人幸运和不吉利的数字 (Lucky and Unfortunate Numbers in the Eyes of Chinese People)

中国人幸运和不吉利的数字

Alicja 柯之川

摘要 (Abstract)

在中国人信仰中有些数字可以给它们带来幸运或者不好运。这种迷信跟同音有关，而且我们可以看到数字对生活的不同方面的影响。

Izabela 夏颖姗 Xia Yingshan, 题目 Topic: 中国烹饪文化——中国菜的命名艺术 (Culinary Culture of China: The Art of Naming Chinese Dishes)

中国烹饪文化——中国菜的命名艺术 (Culinary Culture of China: The Art of Naming Chinese Dishes)

Izabela 夏颖姗 Xia Yingshan

摘要 (Abstract)

...

关键词 (Key Words)

...

引言 (Introduction)

...

参考资料 (References)

...

Questions

...

Answers

...

Aleksandra 韩美琳 Han Meilin, 题目 Topic: 中国佛教 (Chinese Buddhism)

Chinese style Buddhism

Differences to Indian Buddhism

Some parallels with Daoism and Confucianism

The main schools and translators in Chinese Traditional Buddhism (Dacheng: Tiantai, Chan, Bailian jiao, Jingtu, Huayan)

Weronika, 题目 Topic: 缠足 (Foot-binding)

缠足 (Foot-binding)

Weronika

摘要 (Abstract)

在中国传统社会，女人美丽的主要特征之一就是小脚。 结果，缠足的习俗出现了——一种极其痛苦的习俗，将脚上的骨头折断，然后用绷带包扎，使其尽可能小。

背景 (Background)

中国传统社会的缠足习俗

在传统中国，有一种仪式被称为"缠足"，它目前在当地女性权益方面引起了巨大的争议和震惊。这是一种从公元十世纪开始的极其痛苦的实践，目的是使脚尽可能地小。为了进行这个仪式，为女性准备了特殊的饮食，以软化骨头，以便更容易裹绑。实践本身以将脚浸泡在加入不同草药和尿液的水中开始。然后，母亲会用明矾擦拭脚部，以收缩组织并减少出血。接下来，她会修剪指甲并浸湿绷带，当绷带干燥时，会更加紧缩脚部。她会从脚弓开始裹绑，弯曲四个小脚趾并用力旋转。然后，她会用绷带绕过脚后跟，并以一个小环收尾。这个过程需要每四天进行一次，以使脚部更加纤细，绑得更紧。在这个过程中，还需要使用绣花鞋作为必要的工具，其中有专门用于开始和结束过程的不同款式。（杨思蒙 2022, 46-48)

在行走过程中，脚弓和骨骼会断裂。如果这种情况没有发生，就会将小石块绑在脚上，直到骨骼断裂为止。即使这样做也没有帮助，或者女孩太小以至于无法行走，母亲会亲自用大石头折断骨骼。毋庸置疑，这个仪式给女性带来了难以形容的痛苦：极大地困难了行走，并导致许多健康并发症，甚至死亡。据估计，高达10％的女孩因为这种实践而丧生。在脚被绑好之初，母亲会照料，而成年女性则自己负责。这种习俗的起源并不完全清楚。据说它起源于关于姚宁的传说——她是李厚主宫廷的皇后妃。她用丝绸紧紧地包裹脚，使它们看起来非常小巧，而且动作变得非常优雅和娴静。君主对她的舞蹈非常赞叹，命令珠宝商为她准备了一朵两米高的金莲花，并镶嵌着宝石，她在其中为君主表演。据说她的舞蹈非常轻盈和精致，给人一种舞者在金色百合花瓣上滑行的感觉。 皇帝的其他嫉妒的妃子也开始用绷带缠住脚。（杨兴梅，罗志田1999, 2）

整个痛苦的仪式旨在确保女性将来嫁给一个好丈夫，从而实现社会晋升。被称为"黄金莲"（因为绑脚的被称为"黄金莲"）被认为代表女性的品格和价值，似乎证明了她的内在纪律和忍耐痛苦的能力，显示她适合成为一个好母亲。选择潜在配偶时，不会考虑脚大的女性。小脚成为性感的象征，也是男性的恋物对象。此外，绷带和鞋子本身也成为"黄金莲"的情趣元素。（Li Fajun 2022, 674-678)

在1672年的康熙皇帝和1902年的慈禧皇后的敕令下，这种实践受到了限制。然而，这个根深蒂固的传统习俗一直延续到20世纪30年代。直到全国范围内进行了"解放脚"的运动后，才停止了这种实践。尽管如此，在农村地区仍有一段时间束缚着女孩们的脚。即使在今天，仍然有少数女性保留着"莲花脚"。 (Błaszczyk, Sikora 2015, 123)

参考资料 References

A. Błaszczyk, M. Sikora, Kilka uwag o prawno-społecznym statusie kobiet w Chińskiej Republice Ludowej, „Kobieta w prawie i polityce” 2015, nr 9, s. 233

杨思蒙, 从缠足看宋代以后的大众审美观, 今古文创. 2022(32) Page:46-48

杨兴梅，罗志田，近代中国人对女性小脚美的否定 1999, Page: 2

Terms and Experessions

缠足 - foot-binding

"莲花脚" - lotus feet

绑 - bind,tie

"解放脚"的运动 - Free-foot Movement

Questions

1.中国古代缠足的过程是怎样的？ 2. 缠足的习俗源自什么传说？ 3、什么是“莲花脚”？ 4. 缠足是哪一年开始禁止的？

Answers

1. 为了进行这个仪式，为女性准备了特殊的饮食，以软化骨头，以便更容易裹绑。实践本身以将脚浸泡在加入不同草药和尿液的水中开始。然后，母亲会用明矾擦拭脚部，以收缩组织并减少出血。接下来，她会修剪指甲并浸湿绷带，当绷带干燥时，会更加紧缩脚部。她会从脚弓开始裹绑，弯曲四个小脚趾并用力旋转。然后，她会用绷带绕过脚后跟，并以一个小环收尾。这个过程需要每四天进行一次，以使脚部更加纤细，绑得更紧。在这个过程中，还需要使用绣花鞋作为必要的工具，其中有专门用于开始和结束过程的不同款式。在行走过程中，脚弓和骨骼会断裂。如果这种情况没有发生，就会将小石块绑在脚上，直到骨骼断裂为止。即使这样做也没有帮助，或者女孩太小以至于无法行走，母亲会亲自用大石头折断骨骼。

2. 据说它起源于关于姚宁的传说——她是李厚主宫廷的皇后妃。她用丝绸紧紧地包裹脚，使它们看起来非常小巧，而且动作变得非常优雅和娴静。君主对她的舞蹈非常赞叹，命令珠宝商为她准备了一朵两米高的金莲花，并镶嵌着宝石，她在其中为君主表演。据说她的舞蹈非常轻盈和精致，给人一种舞者在金色百合花瓣上滑行的感觉。 皇帝的其他嫉妒的妃子也开始用绷带缠住脚。

3.就是缠足

4.1672