20230630 final exam culture 09

Back to course homepage. Back to final exam paper overview: [1]]

Ding Qian 丁倩 Traditional Cuisine: Sugar Figurine

Abstract

Sugar figurine is an important category of Chinese traditional folk art. With sugar as raw material, the figures, animals and utensils made of sugar are colorful and lifelike. The origin of sugar figurine can be traced back to the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644) , which has a history of more than 600 years. According to the different production techniques, there are three kinds of sugar figurines: sugar shaping, sugar painting and blowing sugar. Today, sugar figurine is not only a folk art, but also a vivid embodiment of people's constant pursuit of a better life.

Key words

sugar figurine; sugar shaping; sugar painting; sugar painting;

摘要

糖人，是中国传统民间艺术的一个重要门类，以糖为原料，用糖制成的人物、动物、器具等，色彩鲜艳，栩栩如生。糖人起源可以追溯到明朝，已有六百多年历史。依据制作方法的差异，糖人可分为三种：塑糖人、画糖人和吹糖人。糖人如今不仅仅只是一种民间艺术，更是人们对美好生活的不断追求的生动体现。

关键词

糖人；塑糖人；画糖人；吹糖人；

Introduction

Among the five tastes, sour, sweet, bitter, spicy and salty, sweet has been loved and pursued by people throughout the ages. In China, there are records related to sugar in the Western Zhou Dynasty(1045 BC-771 BC), when sugar was called yi, commonly known as malt sugar. The real production of sugar began in the Tang Dynasty(618-907). Tang Emperor Taizong (he was called Li Shimin, the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty, who laid a solid foundation for the development and prosperity of the Tang Dynasty) learned that ancient India was ahead of the world in sugar production, and dispatched an emissary to India to learn the method of boiling sugar. Since the Tang Dynasty, the people of ancient times researched the process of decolorizing sugar and continuously improved the technology to achieve mass production. With the development and popularity of sugar production, numerous varieties of sugar products emerged, and at the same time, the craft of sugar figurine could be developed. 酸甜苦辣咸”五味之中，甜味古往今来都为人们喜爱和追求。中国西周时期就有与糖相关的记载，那时的糖叫做“饴”，俗称麦芽糖。而真正的制糖始于唐朝。唐太宗了解到古印度的制糖术领先世界，便派遣使者去印度学习熬糖法。自唐代以后，古人研究出糖的脱色工艺，并不断提升技术实现量产。随着制糖的发展与普及，各类糖产品层出不穷，同时糖人手工艺得以发展。

The origin of sugar figurine

It is said that the sugar figurine was invented by Liu Bowen, the most ingenious minister of the Ming Dynasty (around the time of the Western Renaissance), and has a history of more than 600 years. The founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, in order to ensure that his descendants would be rulers for thousands of years and the Zhu family would last for thousands of generations, burning the "Court of Merit" to kill meritorious officials. Liu Bowen was saved by an old man selling sugar on Liu’s way to escape, by exchanging their clothes. In order to cover his tracks, Liu carried a sugar stretcher through the streets and alleys every day. With his ingenuity, Liu made sugar figurine in varying shapes after the sugar was heated and softened, which were of great popularity for both eating and watching. He taught this craft to the people, and since then the figure of the craftsman of sugar figurine and the sound of hawking became an inseparable scene in the streets and alleys.(Nie, Shen 2017) 相传，糖人是由大明第一谋臣刘伯温发明的，距今已有600多年的历史。明朝的开国皇帝朱元璋为了确保子孙万世为君，朱家江山千秋万代，火烧“功臣阁”坑杀功臣猛将。刘伯温逃跑途中被一位卖糖老人救下。刘伯温为掩人耳目，从此每天背着糖担子穿行大街小巷。刘伯温凭借其聪明才智，在糖加热变软后，制作出形状各异的糖人，既可吃，亦可观，深受大众喜爱。他将这门手艺传授出去，自此有糖人担子的身影和叫卖声成了街头巷尾的必不可少的一幕。(聂，申 2017）

Types of sugar figurine

Making sugar figurine is a traditional Chinese folk handicraft. Sugar is made by heating sucrose and maltose, and various shapes are made of boiled sucrose or maltose. Seemingly simple, but in fact complex, the control of fire is inseparable from the accumulation of experience. If the fire is too hot, it will be too thin and easily deformed; if it is cold, it will be too hard and cannot be shaped. Sugar figurine come in a variety of shapes,, including flowers and animals, pagodas and mythological figures, all of which are inscribed with people's expectations of good luck and the pursuit of a happy life. According to the production process, there are three types of sugar figurine: sugar shaping, sugar painting and blowing sugar. 制作糖人是一种中国民间传统手工艺。糖料由蔗糖和麦芽糖加热调制而成，用熬化的蔗糖或麦芽糖做成的各种造型。看似简单，实则复杂，火候的控制离不开经验的积累，过热则太稀易变形，冷了又会太硬无法塑形。糖人造型丰富多样，有花草鸟兽，罗汉宝塔，也有神话人物，但无一例外都寄托了人们对吉祥如意的期许和幸福生活的追求。糖人按制作工艺可分为三种：塑糖人、画糖人和吹糖人。

(1)Sugar shaping

Sugar shaping is the simplest of the three, and the requirements of the craftsman are not very high. A set of molds, a portion of sugar is enough. Because it is with the help of mold, so the shapes is slightly single, there are arhat, god of wealth, lion, pagoda and other shapes. 塑糖人是三种技艺当中最简单的一种，对手艺人的要求并不是很高。模具一套，糖稀一份就足以。因为是借助模具，所以造型略显单一，有罗汉、财神、狮子、宝塔等造型。

(2)Sugar painting

Sugar painting, as the name implies, is painting with sugar. Sugar painting uses a spoon as the brush, sugar as the ink, and marble as the paper. Sugar painting looks like a painting and tastes delicious. Sugar painting demands a higher level of skill and constant learning and operating than sugar shaping. The slabs for sugar painting are mostly made of smooth marble, and a layer of oil is laid on the slabs to prevent the sugar painting from sticking to the slabs. 画糖人，顾名思义就是以糖作画，也称“糖画”。糖画以勺为笔，以糖为墨，以板为纸，观之若画，食之有味。画糖人较塑糖人需要更高的技艺，不断的学习与操作。画糖人多在大理石板上进行，制作时还需铺上一层油，防止糖画与石板粘连。

Exquisite sugar painting is not easy to come by. The proportion of sugar, the heat of the pot, and the stirring of the spoon are all essential. When the sugar is golden brown in the pot and starts boiling with crystal bubbles is the time to stop heating. At this point, the sugar is ready to be used to draw the pattern. The craftsman will quickly scoop up the sugar with a spoon and move quickly with the spoon in his right hand to draw the pattern on the slabs. Since the sugar will solidify quickly, the craftsman must have a clear idea of the pattern he intends to draw and must draw it in one stroke with a quick eye and hand. After the pattern of sugar painting is completed, a bamboo stick is used to stick the sugar painting while it is still fresh, and then the sugar painting will be separated from the slab before it is finished. (Baidu Baike: Sugar figurine) 精美的糖画来之不易，糖的比例、锅的火候，勺的搅拌，缺一不可。待糖浆在锅中呈金黄色，开始沸腾，冒出晶莹的气泡时停火。这时的糖浆就可以用于绘制了，手艺人要飞快的用勺子挖取糖浆，右手拿勺飞速移动，在石板上浇绘出图案。因为糖浆很快会凝固，所以手艺人必须对自己想绘制的图案胸有成竹，绘制时得眼明手快，一气呵成。糖画造型完成后，趁糖浆未干，用一根竹签黏住，再将其与石板分离，才算制作完成。(百度百科：糖人）

(3)Blowing sugar

The blowing sugar is derived from sugar painting . The craftsman heats the sugar in a small charcoal stove to a suitable temperature. Taking one part of the sugar and kneading it in the hands to a certain extent, the craftsman then presses a deep pit with a small amount of starch on his index finger to make the shape of a bag. The craftsman then quickly pulls out a thin, hollow sugar tube and immediately blow into it, at which point the sugar will gradually inflame like a balloon. It is time for craftsmen to make shapes. They have to grasp the flow of blowing and the strength of pinching, coupled with dexterity and versatility, and delicate and vibrant shapes are born in the hands, such as the Monkey King, Pigsy, the Golden Cockerel Dawns, the fish leap Dragon Gate.(Sugar figurines: The sweet blows of traditional folk art) 吹糖人是在画糖人的基础上衍生出来的。手艺人将糖在木炭炉中加热到适宜的温度，取其中一部分，在手上揉搓，揉搓到一定程度，就用食指沾上少量淀粉压一个深坑，做成袋子的形状，迅速拉出一条细长中空的糖管，马上对其吹一口气，这时的糖浆就会如同气球一样渐渐膨胀起来。这就是手艺人制作造型的黄金时期了，把握好吹的流速和捏的力度，加上灵巧多变的手法，一个个精美可爱，栩栩如生的形状就在手中诞生，如孙悟空、猪八戒、金鸡报晓、鱼跃龙门。(糖人：民间老行当“吹”出甜蜜记忆)

The cultural meaning of Sugar Figure

The small sugar figurine contains the diligence and wisdom of the Chinese people for thousands of years and carries countless cultures and histories. In ancient times, the sugar figurine was used as an auspicious symbol because sugar was not easy to preserve. Sugar was often made into the shape of human who appeared as the incarnation of divine beings or heroes in ancient mythology. Later in folklore, sugar figurines were also made into statues of gods or ancestors for the blessing. Sugar figurines give us a glimpse into the minds of our ancestors, leaving behind a rich and fanciful imagination. The expectations for a better life, the yearning for sweetness and the pursuit of beauty contained within them also resonate with our hearts across time.(Yan 2015) 糖人虽小,却蕴含着中国人千百年来的勤劳与智慧，承载无数的文化与历史。在古代，由于糖不易保存，所以糖人是作为一种吉祥物来使用的。在古代神话中常有以糖塑作人形，作为神仙或英雄的化身而出现的神话人物或历史人物。后来在民间也有将糖塑作为神灵或祖先像供奉之用，以求神灵赐福，祖宗保佑。糖人让我们得以窥见先辈们的积极思想，留下丰富和美好的想象。其中蕴含的对美好生活的期待，对甜蜜的向往，对美的追求也让我们的跨越千年的心产生共鸣。（闫 2015）

Nowadays, sugar figurines are constantly passing down and evolving, with advances in craftsmanship, more diverse techniques and richer topics. Modern sugar figurines not only retain the essence of traditional techniques and bring in innovations on the basis of traditional craftsmanship, but also integrate modern concepts and modern consciousness to meet the aesthetic interests of the masses. 现如今，糖人也在不断地传承发展，工艺不断进步，手法更加多样，题材更加丰富。现代糖人不仅保留着传统技艺中的精华，在传统工艺的基础上加以创新，更注入了现代观念、现代意识，以满足广大人民群众的审美情趣。

Terms and Expressions

sugar figurine 糖人 yi 饴糖 malt sugar麦芽糖 sucrose 蔗糖 sugar shaping 塑糖人 sugar painting 画糖人/糖画 blowing sugar 吹糖人 Court of Merit 功臣阁 arhat 罗汉 Pigsy 猪八戒 the Golden Cockerel Dawns 金鸡报晓 the fish leap Dragon Gate 鱼跃龙门

Questions

1.What are the three types of sugar figurine? 2.What was sugar called in the Western Zhou Dynasty? 3.When did the real production of sugar begin? 4.Who was said to be the inventor of sugar figurine? 5.Can you give some examples of the shapes of sugar figurine?

Answers

1.Sugar shaping, sugar painting and blowing sugar. 2.Yi. 3.It began in the Tang Dynasty. 4.It is said that the sugar figurine was invented by Liu Bowen. 5.Arhat, god of wealth, the fish leap Dragon Gate and so on.

References

[1]聂相珍,申丽媛. 中国民间技艺扬州吹糖人的渊源与发展[J]. 南宁职业技术学院学报,2017,22(04):1-4. [2]闫亚楠.吹糖人艺术的产生及文化价值[J].美与时代(上),2015,(01):52-53. [3]百度百科：糖人 https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%B3%96%E4%BA%BA/1429296?fr=aladdin [4]Sugar figurines: The sweet blows of traditional folk art https://english.news.cn/20220418/68e9c5f3aa984ed2a6741574ea72b3a8/c.html

Wang Xinpeng 王鑫鹏 Technology: PC games in China

Introduction

China has a huge and prosperous mobile game market, with games such as Glory of Kings and Genshin Impact generating huge profits every year. In contrast, China's computer game market, which is the PC game market in short, really looks bleak. Compared with Europe, America and Japan, where 3A games are frequently produced and classic IPs are constantly played, China's PC games also seem to be stretched to the limit. So, what exactly are the reason for this situation today? Let's go back in time and explore the history of PC games.

A brief history of PC games

In the 1960s, with the development of information technology, electronic computers began to appear on college campuses, and a group of students who were good at programming began to appear. In 1962, a college student named Steve Russell created a computer game called Spacewar!. The game was a huge success, and Steve Russell is widely considered as "the father of computer games". However, although simple computer games such as tic-tac-toe, tennis, etc. emerged at that time, they were not intended for entertainment, but to show the performance of computers. It was not until the 1970s, when the cost of computers decreased with technological development, that commercial computer games really appeared, and the first computer game company, Atari, also emerged at that time. In the 1980s and 1990s, as computer hardware and software technologies advanced, personal computers became more widely used, and multimedia technologies began to mature, computer games became the forerunner of these technological advances. In the 21st century, the development of the Internet also has greatly contributed to the progress of PC games.

The development history of PC games in China

Compared with the West, the development of PC games in China has been much more difficult. Firstly, technically speaking, China was far behind Europe and America in terms of information technology at that time. Secondly, economically speaking, when commercialized video games were developing rapidly in Europe and America, China first experienced the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution and then experienced the Reform and Opening-up. During the Cultural Revolution, China was diplomatically blocked, not to mention the introduction of foreign games, and by the time of the Reform and Opening-up, the energy of society was generally devoted to economic development, and only a few people had the energy and money to buy games. Thirdly, in terms of social environment, Chinese gamers were unable to get access to genuine games in the early days, and their awareness of copyright was weak, which made it difficult for Chinese game companies to profit by making and selling games. In 2000, Guangming Daily, an official newspaper with great influence in China, published articles "Don't let game consoles harm a generation" and "Computer Games: Targeting Children's "Electronic Heroin"", which not only made video games bear the reputation of "mental opium" even until today, but also made the development of China's console game and computer game market, which was already rampant with piracy at that time, even more difficult. Some parents even regarded the behavior of playing computer games as a disease that needed to be "treated", and a psychiatrist named Yang Yongxin used this as an entry point to set up a so-called "Internet addiction treatment center", demanding high fees from parents of children with Internet addiction, and forcing children to listen by means of electric shock. So we could conclude the attitude of most Chinese parents towards computer games through this. It is only in recent years, with the development of the economy, the awareness of the masses to pay for legitimate games, and the unremitting efforts and dedication of game practitioners, that some high-quality, independent computer games have really begin to appear in China.

Famous foreign games with Chinese characteristics

China has a long history and a brilliant civilization, and although at that time China itself did not have the ability to develop games on its own, that doesn't mean that game developers from other countries would just ignore games with Chinese themes, and the best of these game developers is the Japanese company Koei. It is not surprising to us that Japan, which has a long history of being influenced by Chinese culture, has been able to gain an edge in this area. Among the Chinese history, Japanese people love the history of the Three Kingdoms period the best, which may remind them of their own history of the Sengoku period. Seeing this, Koei lanuched the game series Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Dynasty Warriors, which have gained great success in Japan and around the world. 2023, Koei launched another Three Kingdoms game callled Wo Long: Fallen Dynasty. In addition, well-known games set in Chinese culture include the game Total War: Three Kingdoms developed by Creative Assembly and published by Sega and the game Sifu developed and published by French studio Sloclap, and the Assassin's Creed series has also released games set in ancient China.

Some exanples of Chinese high-quality computer games

In the early days of independent game development in China, game developers, like their foreign counterparts, devoted themselves to finding game ideas our history, and the most well-known of the games thus produced is the Chinese Paladin: Sword and Fairy series, which was produced and published by Taiwan's Softstar released in 1995, and it is the longest-running computer game IP in China. Today, the series covers not only games, but also TV series, comics, novels and so on. The series is based on ancient Chinese mythology and immortal stories, building a huge fantasy world, and the game characters it portrays have become valuable memories for its players. In recent years, Chinese computer games are no longer limited to looking at the past for inspiration, but look at the present and the future, too. And developers are also seeking to use different methods to present games with a unique Chinese charm to players from all over the world. Amazing Cultivation Simulator vividly shows the establishment of an immortal cultivation sect from scratch through pixel-style graphics and a large number of texts with ancient Chinese styles.Chinese Parents simulates the whole process of a Chinese child from birth to college entrance examination, and explores the shortcomings of Chinese family education and various aspects of Chinese society; Dyson Sphere Program looks at the universe and the future, with its interesting gameplay and stunning graphics, has won the love of players all over the world and is called the Wandering Earth of the game world. The release of the video of Black Myth: Wukong has even made people exclaim that "China's first 3A game is coming". In the future, with the continuous progress of China's technology, economy and society, I believe the future of Chinese computer games will be even better.

介绍

中国拥有一个巨大且繁荣的手游市场，《王者荣耀》、《原神》等游戏每年都能够创造巨大的利润。相较之下，中国的电脑游戏市场，也就是PC游戏市场实在显得黯淡无光。而与欧美、日本3A游戏频出，经典IP不断的游戏环境相比，中国的PC游戏也显得捉襟见肘。那么，究竟是什么原因促成了当今这种情况呢？让我们回到过去，探究一下PC游戏的前世今生。

PC游戏简史

1960年代，随着信息技术的发展，电子计算机开始在大学校园中出现，而一批擅长编程的学生也随之涌现了出来。1962年，一位名叫史蒂夫·罗素的大学生在PDP-1型电子计算机上制作出了一款名为《太空大战！》（Spacewar!）的电脑游戏。这款游戏取得了巨大的成功，史蒂夫·罗素也被普遍认为是 “电脑游戏之父”。 然而，尽管当时出现了一些简单的电脑游戏，比如井字棋、网球等等，它们的目的并不是用于娱乐，而是为了展现电脑的性能。直到1970年代，电脑的成本随着技术发展而降低，商业化的电脑游戏才真正出现，第一家电脑游戏公司——雅达利也是在这时出现的。 1980年代和90年代，随着电脑软硬件技术的进步，个人电脑的使用越来越广泛，多媒体技术也开始成熟，电脑游戏成为了这些技术进步的先行者。到了21世纪，互联网的发展更是极大的促进了电脑游戏的进步。

PC游戏在中国的发展历程

相较于西方，PC游戏在中国的发展历程要艰难的多。首先，从技术上讲，当时的中国在信息技术上是远远落后于欧美的。第二，从经济上讲，当商业化的电子游戏在欧美飞速发展时，中国先是经历了文化大革命的动荡，又迎来了改革开放。文化大革命时，中国在外交上是封锁的，更遑论引进外国的游戏了，而到了改革开放时，社会的精力普遍用于发展经济，有精力和金线购买游戏的人少之又少。第三，从社会环境来讲，中国的游戏玩家由于早期无法接触到正版游戏，版权意识薄弱，导致中国很难出现靠制作并售卖游戏盈利的游戏公司，另外，玩电子游戏还被普遍视作不务正业，2000年，在中国具有巨大影响力的官方报纸《光明日报》先后刊载文章《别让游戏机害了一代人》和《电脑游戏：瞄准孩子的“电子海洛因”》 ，不仅使电子游戏直至今日还背负着“精神鸦片”的骂名，更使当时本就盗版横行的中国主机游戏和电脑游戏市场的发展更加艰难。一些家长甚至把玩电脑游戏这一行为视作疾病，需要“治疗”，一位名为杨永信的精神科医生以此为切入点，设立了所谓的“戒网瘾中心”，向有网瘾的孩子的家长索要高额费用，并以电击等手段强制逼迫孩子听话。中国大多数家长对于电脑游戏这一事物的态度也由此可见一斑。直到近年来，随着经济的发展，群众的正版付费意识逐渐提高，以及一众游戏从业者的不懈努力和付出，中国才真正出现了一些高质量的，独立自主的电脑游戏。

具有中国特色的著名国外游戏

中国具有悠久的历史和灿烂的文明，虽然在那个年代，中国本身尚不具有开发游戏的能力，但这并不意味着其他国家的游戏开发者不会对中国题材的游戏视若不见，而这些游戏开发者中的佼佼者当属日本的光荣公司。日本与中国一衣带水，历史上长期以来受中国文化熏陶，因此在这一方面能够取得优势也就不足为奇了。而在中国的历史中，日本人最爱的当属三国时期的历史，可能这能使他们联想到自己战国时期的历史。光荣看中了这一点，先后推出了《三国志》系列和与《真·三国无双》系列，在日本乃至全世界都取得了巨大的成功。2023年，光荣又推出了一款三国题材的游戏《卧龙：苍天陨落》。 此外，以中国文化为背景的知名游戏还包括由Creative Assembly开发、世嘉发行的游戏《全面战争：三国》、由法国工作室Sloclap开发和发行的游戏《师父》等，《刺客信条》系列也曾发布以古代中国为背景的游戏。

一些中国的优质电脑游戏

在中国独立开发游戏的早期阶段，游戏开发者们与外国的同行们一样，致力于从我们悠久的历史中寻找游戏素材，而由此而制作出来的游戏中中最为知名的当属《仙剑奇侠传》系列了，该系列由台湾大宇资讯制作发行，首发于1995年，可以说是中国历史最为悠久的电脑游戏IP了。时至今日，这一系列不仅涵盖了游戏，还包括了电视剧、漫画、小说等。这一系列以古代中国的神话与仙侠故事为背景，构建了一个庞大的幻想世界，其所塑造的一众游戏角色更是成为了玩家的宝贵回忆。而在最近几年，中国电脑游戏不再局限于仅仅从过去寻找游戏灵感的来源，而是着眼当今，展望未来，并追求运用不同的表现手法为来自世界各地玩家呈现出具有独特的中国魅力的游戏。《了不起的修仙模拟器》通过像素风格的画面以及大量具有古代中国特色的文本，生动地展现了一个修仙门派从无到有的建立；《中国式家长》则通过游戏模拟了一个中国孩子从出生到高考的全过程，并以此探讨了当今中国家庭教育的种种不足以及中国社会的方方面面；《戴森球计划》则放眼星河，以有趣的玩法和震撼人心的画面博得了全世界玩家的喜爱，堪称游戏界的《流浪地球》。而《黑神话：悟空》的宣传片的发布更是让人感叹“中国的第一款3A游戏就要来了”。未来，随着中国科技、经济与社会的不断进步，我相信中国电脑游戏的未来会更美好。

Li Luyao 李璐瑶 Landscapes and Tourism：The Peach Garden

Abstract

The Peach Garden of China（中国桃花源）（located in Changde city， Hunan province） is the original place of "The Peach Garden" described in Tao Yuanming's "The Peach Garden"（《桃花源记》）, the only original place of the "The Peach Garden" annotated in Ci Hai and Etymology, and the only "National Peach Garden scenic place" registered and approved by The State Council. China Peach Blossom Land adheres to the concept of "sharing The Peach Garden", adheres to the core scenic spots to drive the revitalization of characteristic towns and villages, makes great achievements through cultural tourism "combination", introduces rich and colorful cultural tourism products, strives to integrate "three sceneries", adheres to the ecological background, activates the cultural experience scene, creates the romantic leisure scene, and strives to build the whole region tourism demonstration area. To create a new landmark for the integration of culture and tourism in Hunan.

Key Words

The Peach Garden，Natural Scenery，Live performance ，Ancient town，Lei tea

The origin of the name of The Peach Garden

The name of The Peach Garden given by Tao Yuanming, from his poem “The Peach Garden”. The beginning of the poem is the story of a worldly fisherman who stumbled into an isolated land. This story imagines a society with no class, no exploitation, self-sufficiency and everyone enjoying themselves. It is a stark contrast to the dark society at that time and an ideal society that the author and people yearn for. It reflects people's pursuit and aspiration, as well as people's dissatisfaction and resistance to the reality. Most scholars believe that Tao Yuanming was dissatisfied with the society at that time and hoped to pursue a peaceful and harmonious society.

The beautiful natural scenery of The Peach Garden

The Peach Garden is located near Water Creek, 15 kilometers southwest of Taoyuan County, Hunan Province, 34 kilometers away from Changde City. In front of the YuanJiang River, behind is the rolling northwest part of Xuefeng mountain（雪峰山）, ancient towering trees, tall and slender bamboo, winding rattan, fragrant flowers, stone steps, pavilions monument decorations, like a fairy-land. The Peach Garden is divided into four scenic spots, peach blossom Mountain（桃花山）, Taoyuan Mountain（桃源山）, Xiantao Ridge（仙桃岭） and Qinren Village(秦人村）, among which peach Blossom Mountain and Qinren Village are the center of the peach Garden, with more than 70 scenic spots, such as Peach Blossom Mountain Archway（桃花山牌坊）, Peach Blossom Creek（桃花溪）， Square bamboo Pavilion（方竹亭）and so on.

Large-scale stream roaming live performance of "The Peach Garden"

Large-scale stream roaming live performance of"The peach Garden", to bring visitors ceiling level enjoyment. Between the mountains and rivers, the reproduction of Tao Yuanming's The Peach Garden. More than 1,600 years ago, Tao Yuanming painted a picture of a paradise for the world. More than a thousand years later, we followed the footsteps of fishmans of Wuling, boating on Qinxi River（秦溪）, looking for The Peach Garden.

The ancient town of The Peach Garden

In the dream, The ancient town of The Peach Garden is an ancient town handed down from generation to generation. The ancient town of The Peach Garden complex built according to national 5A standard, there has extremely beautiful Jiangnan idyllic scenery, and visitors are able to enjoy "The Peach Garden" cultural scenery in a zero-distance way. East to Water Creek（水溪）, north stop Yuanjiang（沅江）. The ancient town of The Peach Garden not only can appreciate the architectural culture of Ming and Qing dynasties, but also has the charm of small Bridges and rivers south of the Yangtze River. The ancient town's north and south archway, ancient opera stage, Fubo tower（伏波楼）, Wenxing Tower（文星塔）, ancient opera stage, marriage building（姻缘楼）, fully mechanized art hall, Town God Temple（城隍庙）, Nuo Hall（傩堂） and so on. Visitors who immerse themselves in such beautiful scenery are able to learn about the traditional architectural style and culture，experencing various kinds of Jiangnan idyllic scenes in the journey.

Lei tea(擂茶） of The Peach Garden

Lei tea, commonly use raw rice, peanuts, ginger and tea as raw materials, mash these raw material in a bowl and brew it with boiled water. It has the functions of generating fluid and quenching thirst, clearing heat and detoxifying, reducing inflammation and eliminating disease. It is the best drink for people in Peach Blossom. While drinking Lei tea, with fried local characteristics of pasta and specially made jar dishes(坛子菜）, known as "presses the table"（压桌）, less than a dozen kinds, more than one hundred kinds, although no delicacies, delicacies but based on nature; Although not produced by famous chefs, the dishes originate from home and are intriguing. It is one of the grand ways to receive guests in The Peach Garden.

Conclusion

Stunning natural scenery, romantic evening live performance, calming rural atmosphere and charming Lei tea. Here is the hometown of people's hearts, here is the heaven of people's dreams and here is The Peach Garden of China.

Terms and Expressions

The Peach Garden桃花源 The Peach Garden 《桃花源记》 Ci Hai and Etymology《辞海》《词源》 Tao Yuanming 陶渊明 （约365—427年），名潜，字元亮，别号五柳先生，私谥靖节，世称靖节先生，一说浔阳柴桑（今江西九江 [1]  ）人，另一说江西宜丰人 [43-46]    ，东晋末到刘宋初杰出的诗人、辞赋家、散文家。 Water Creek 水溪 Large-scale stream roaming live performance of "The Peach Garden"大型漫流实景演出《桃花源记》 压桌：1.宴席中预先摆定的菜，多为冷荤之类。

Questions

1.Who is the author of The Peach Garden? 2.What are the common raw material of Lei tea? 3.What is the meaning of “presses the table”?

Answers

4.Tao Yuanming. 5.The common raw material of Lei tea are raw rice, peanuts, ginger and tea. 6.While drinking Lei tea, with fried local characteristics of pasta and specially made jar dishes, known as "presses the table".

附中文版：

摘要

中国桃花源是陶渊明笔下《桃花源记》所描述的“世外桃源”真迹地，是《辞海》《词源》中唯一添加注释的《桃花源记》原型地，是国务院唯一备案认可的“桃花源国家级风景名胜区”。中国桃花源秉承“共享桃花源”的理念，坚持核心景区带动特色小镇与乡村振兴，通过文旅“合璧”做大文章，推出丰富多彩的文旅产品，力求“三景”相融，坚持以生态为自然背景，活化文化体验场景，营造浪漫的休闲情景，全力打造全域旅游示范区，打造湖南文旅融合新地标。

关键词

桃花源、自然风光、实景演出、古镇、擂茶

桃花源名称的由来

桃花源的名字是陶渊明根据他的诗《桃花源记》取的。这首诗的开头是一个世俗的渔夫偶然来到一个与世隔绝的地方的故事。这个故事想象了一个没有阶级、没有剥削、自给自足、人人享乐的社会。这与当时黑暗的社会形成了鲜明的对比，是作者和人们所向往的理想社会。它反映了人们的追求和渴望，也反映了人们对现实的不满和反抗。大多数学者认为，陶渊明对当时的社会不满，希望追求一个和平和谐的社会。

桃花源秀丽的自然风光

桃花源位于湖南省桃源县西南15公里的水溪附近，距常德市34公里。前面有滔滔不绝的沅江，后面是绵延起伏的雪峰山西北部群峰，境内古树参天，修竹婷婷，寿藤缠绕，花草芬芳，有石阶曲径、亭台碑坊装点，宛若仙境。桃花源分桃花山、桃源山、桃仙岭、秦人村4个景区，其中桃花山、秦人村为桃花源的中心，有桃花山牌坊、桃花溪、桃树林、方竹亭等70余处景点。

《桃花源记》大型溪水流漫实景演出

大规模流漫游实景表演《桃花源记》，给游客带来天花板级的享受。山水之间，再现陶渊明的《桃花源》。早在1600多年前，陶渊明就描绘了一幅人间天堂的景象。一千多年后，我们追随武陵渔夫的足迹，在秦溪泛舟，寻找桃花源。

桃花源古镇

梦里中国，传世古镇。按照国家5A级标准建造的桃园古镇建筑群，拥有极其优美的江南田园风光，游客可以零距离欣赏“桃花源”文化风光。东至水溪，北止沅江。桃园古镇既能领略明清建筑文化，又具有江南小桥小水的韵味。古镇南北牌坊、古戏舞台、福波塔、文星塔、古戏舞台、姻缘楼、机械化艺术殿堂、城隍庙、傩殿等。那些美丽的风景，可以让游客感受到中国传统建筑和文化的魅力，欣赏到不同于参观之间的江南美景。

桃花源擂茶

桃花源擂茶，常用生米、花生、生姜、茶叶等为原料，擂钵捣碎，开水冲饮。擂茶具有生津止渴，清热解毒，消炎去疾之功能，是桃花源百姓待客的上乘饮料。喝时，佐以炸炒的富有地方特色面点以及专门制作的坛子菜，称之为“压桌”，少则十几种，多则达一百多种，虽无山珍海味，道道佳肴却取材于自然；虽不是名厨匠心出品，件件菜羹源于家常，耐人寻味，是桃花源接待客人的隆重方式之一。

问题

1.《桃花源记》的作者是谁? 2.擂茶常见的原料有哪些? 3.“压桌”是什么意思?

答案

4.陶渊明。 5.擂茶的常见原料是生米、花生、姜和茶。 6.喝擂茶时，用炸出的地方特色面食和特制的坛子菜，称为“压桌”。

总结

迷人的自然风光，浪漫的晚间实景表演，宁静的乡村氛围，可口的擂茶。这里是人们心灵的故乡，这里是人们梦想的天堂，这里是中国桃花源。