Critical Review of Chinese Literature

FRI 9:45-11:15 sal. 413 Critical Review of Chinese Literature Krytyczny przeglad literatury chinskiej SIN m I (1) 30, fall 2023, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan

Session 1: Organizational Things and Self-Introduction

• 教学助理 - Karolina Teaching assistant
• 维基管理员 - Malwina Wiki admin

Student roll (1st year Master)

1. Gabriela Krukowska 王美芬 大學老師和教育 翻譯 電腦游戲本地化
2. Ewa Kopania 田小龍 外交官 對亞洲、歷史感興趣，因爲瞭解到日本的歷史責任轉到對中國感興趣 喜歡讀書 23，畢業以後參加外交部的考試
3. Zyta Rydz 魏雨昕 新疆 語言政策 筆譯翻譯 喜歡文學
4. Asia (Joanna) Zawada 金樂 金乐 中国人觉得他们的精英怎么样？ 古代和20世紀的中國人 翻譯波蘭文學翻譯成漢語，數學 數據分析
5. Karol Perka 康明傑在中國文學裏翻譯成中文的西方外文名稱，外語，老師
6. Malwina Filipowicz 李美琳 對中國文化感興趣，外語，翻譯
7. Anna Proskura 張宇璇 外語（俄語、烏克蘭語、波蘭語、漢語、英語）
8. Julia Dereżyṅska 楊思藝 外語（俄語、英語、漢語、波蘭語、韓文）、lgbt的詞語、語言分析
9. Paweł Andraszak 安浩阳 中國文化，文學，歷史 中國農村宗教 （武俠電影）
10. Aleksandra Urbanska 晏黎 动物象征，对仙侠电视剧的影响 外语（英語老師、波蘭語、漢語）以後要學韓語、泰語 西哈(Hip Hop)跳舞
11. Karolina Englert 安凱榕 華沙大學、中醫：氣功的發展
12. Natalia Gloc 裴夢姣 翻譯 粵語、中國方言和文字
13. Edyta Skorupa 艾希 從小對中國文化感興趣，要儅漢語老師 成都方言（語法）
14. Wiktoria Wolny 王曉彤 中國文化和文學、喜歡看文學、相當筆譯，翻譯小説，奇幻小説（Fantasy） 中國長篇小説的兩種英文翻譯
15. Ada Dan 愛答 外語、俄語、學西班牙語 營業代表 喜歡音樂，自己創造音樂 跳舞（Dance Hall）美國和中國在天空的比賽 現在：文學題目

课程安排 Schedule

• 1 Oct 6, 2023 9:45-11:15 424
• 2 Oct 13 9:45-11:15
• 3 Oct 27 9:45-11:15
• 4 Dec 1 9:45-11:15
• 5 Dec 1 11:30-13:00
• 6 Dec 8 9:45-11:15
• 7 Dec 8 11:30-13:00
• 8 Dec 15 9:45-11:15
• 9 Dec 15 11:30-13:00
• 10 Dec 16 9:45-11:15
• 11 Jan 12 9:45-11:15
• 12 Jan 19 9:45-11:15
• 13 Jan 26 9:45-11:15
• 14 Feb 2 9:45-11:15
• 15 Feb 9 Final Paper (homework)

Literary Works (schedule, topics and presenters - please add your name)

Please write your names behind the topics

• 1 Oct 6, 2023 9:45-11:15 424 Organizational things
• 2 Oct 13 9:45-11:15 Song Poems (ci): Su Dongpo: "Trampled Green"
• 3 Oct 27 9:45-11:15 Yuan Drama (Zaju): Guan Hanqing: “The Injustice to Dou E”
• 7 Dec 1 9:45-11:15, 11:30-13:00? Ming novels (Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West, Outlaws of the Marsh, The Scholars) 康明杰, 杨思艺
• 8 Dec 8 9:45-11:15, 11:30-13:00? Qing novels (Cao Xueqin: Red Chamber Dreams) 裴梦姣
• 9 Dec 15 9:45-11:15, 11:30-13:00? Late Qing dystopian literature (Liang Qichao: The Future of New China, Kang Youwei: Datong shu) 王晓彤
• 10 Dec 16 9:45-11:15 Republican literature (Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Zhou Zuoren, Yu Dafu)
• 11 Jan 12 9:45-11:15 Modern literature (Underground poets, Wang Meng, Mo Yan)安浩阳
• 12 Jan 19 9:45-11:15 Contemporary literature (Han Han, Zhang Wei, Xu Zechen, Han Shaogong) 张宇璇; 金乐
• 13 Jan 26 9:45-11:15 Web literature (excerpts live on http://qidian.com) 王美芬, 晏黎
• 14 Feb 2 9:45-11:15 Science fiction (Liu Cixin: The Three Body Problem, The Wandering Earth) 爱答
• 15 Feb 9 Final Paper (homework)

Session 2: Su Dongpo - Families on a Spring Outing

和子由踏青 Go on a Spring Outing with [my little brother] Ziyou

朝代：宋朝|作者：蘇軾

春風陌上驚微塵，遊人初樂歲華新。

The spring wind surprisingly whirls small dust onto the paths

Strollers enjoy the new season for the first time,

人閑正好路旁飲，麥短未怕遊車輪。

For the idle people there are rightly prepared (?) drinks at the roadside,

the grain sprouts fearless of the wheels of the strollers' vehicles.

城中居人厭城郭，喧闐①曉出空四鄰。

The city inhabitants detest the city walls

at daybreak, the voices' and drums' noise drives out all the neighbors from the city.

歌鼓驚山草木動，簞②瓢散野烏鳶馴。

The sound of songs and drums alarm the mountains and the plants tremble,

baskets are scattered on the fields, crows and milans pick without fear.

何人聚眾稱道人？③遮道④賣符色怒嗔：

Wiktoria: Who is he who calls himself a Taoist among the crowd gathered around him?

He blocks the way and sells talismans with an angry expression.

Julia: Who’s the one that claims to be a Taoist? Everyone gathers around him as he’s blocking the pathway, selling talismans with an angry expression.

“宜蠶使汝繭如甕，宜畜使汝羊如麇。”⑤

Wiktoria: “It should cause your silkworms to make cocoons as big as urns,

it should cause your sheep to become as big as deer.”

Julia: „It will make your silkworm cocoons as big as clay jars and your sheep as meaty as deer .”

路人未必信此語，強⑥為買服禳新春。

Wiktoria: Passers-by may not believe in these words.

Still, they reluctantly buy talismans to wear them for good luck in the New Year.

Julia: The people walking by don’t necessarily belive these words, but they reluctantly buy the talismans for good luck in the New Year anyway.

道人得錢徑沽酒，醉倒自謂吾符神⑦！

Wiktoria: The Taoist earns the money and goes directly to buy some wine.

Drunk, he says to himself: “My talismans truly are effective!”

Julia: When the Taoist earns enough money from the sale, he goes and buys some wine. Drunk, he says to himself: „My talismans really are working!”

何人聚眾稱道人？③遮道④賣符色怒嗔：

Karol: Who in the crowd is a Taoist? The one blocking the road that sells talismans, visibly angry:

“宜蠶使汝繭如甕，宜畜使汝羊如麇。”⑤

Karol: "It suits the silkworms - cocoons of your silkworms will be as thick as an urn, It suits the livestock, your sheep will be as big as deer."

路人未必信此語，強⑥為買服禳新春。

Karol:Passers-by may not believe these words, yet they reluctantly buy talismans to wear them for protection from bad luck in the New Year.

道人得錢徑沽酒，醉倒自謂吾符神⑦！

Karol: The Taoist earns the money and goes straightaway to buy some wine, Drunk, he says to himself: "My talismans are working!". 和子由踏青

Paweł(安浩阳）: Treading the green Aleksandra（晏黎）：Green spring outing

朝代：宋朝|作者：苏轼

春风陌上惊微尘，游人初乐岁华新。

Paweł: East wind stirs fine dust on the pathways,

fine opportunity for strollers to enjoy the new spring

Aleksandra: Eastern spring wind flutters fine dust on paths, wanderers can enjoy the first taste of the new season.

人闲正好路旁饮，麦短未怕游车轮。

Paweł: Season of idleness, just right for drinking by the side of the road,

to be crushed by carriage wheels - too short is the grain,

Aleksandra: Idleness period, just in time for drinks by the roadside, even the short grain does not fear the carriage wheels.

城中居人厌城郭，喧阗①晓出空四邻。

Paweł: City people detest the walls which surround them,

they bustle loudly at the break of day and leave the whole town empty,

Aleksandra: Residents of the city loathe the surrounding walls, thundering at daybreak, vacating the town.

歌鼓惊山草木动，箪②瓢散野乌鸢驯。

Paweł: Songs and rhythms shake the hills, grass and trees tremble,

picnic baskets scattered in the fields where crows pick them over,

Aleksandra: Songs and drums rattle the mountains, flora trembles, baskets and ladles scattered on the fields where crows batten.

何人聚众称道人？③遮道④卖符色怒嗔：

Paweł: Who is the one who draws the crowds there? A Taoist priest,

blocking the pathway, selling charms and frowning,

Aleksandra: Who is the one known as the Taoist priest gathering the crowds? Blocks the way, selling talismans and scowling:

“宜蚕使汝茧如瓮，宜畜使汝羊如麇。”⑤

Paweł: "It is good for silkworms - cocoons will be just like pots of water,

it is good for livestock, your sheep will be as big as a deer",

Aleksandra: "Ideal for silkworms, your cocoons will be as urns, ideal for livestock, you sheep will be as deer."

路人未必信此语，强⑥为买服禳新春。

Paweł: People passing by are not sure they believe his words,

yet they buy these charms in order to consecrate the spring,

Aleksandra: Passing people do not necessarily trust those words, yet reluctantly buy the talismans to bless the new spring.

道人得钱径沽酒，醉倒自谓吾符神⑦！

Paweł: The Taoist priest takes their money, and goes to a winehouse,

completely drunk he mumbles: "The charms, they really work!"

Aleksandra: The Taoist priest takes the money, directly goes to buy the wine, and drunkenly proclaims himself a talisman god!

Hé zǐ yóu tàqīng

Cháodài: Sòngcháo | zuòzhě: Sū Shì

Chūnfēng mò shàng jīng wēichén, yóurén chū lè suìhuá xīn.

Rén xián zhènghǎo lùpáng yǐn, mài duǎn wèi pà yóu chēlún.

Chéngzhōng jū rén yàn chéngguō, xuāntián xiǎo chū kōng sìlín.

Gē gǔ jīng shān cǎomù dòng, dān piáo sàn yě wū yuān xùn.

Hérén jùzhòng chēngdào rén? Zhēdào mài fú sè nù chēn:

“Yí cán shǐ rǔ jiǎn rú wèng, yí xù shǐ rǔ yáng rú jūn.”

Lùrén wèibì xìn cǐ yǔ, qiáng wèi mǎi fú ráng xīnchūn.

Dàoren de qián jìng gūjiǔ, zuìdǎo zì wèi wú fú shén!

和子由踏青

Hé zǐ yóu tàqīng

朝代：宋朝|作者：苏轼

Cháodài: Sòngcháo | zuòzhě: Sū Shì

春风陌上惊微尘，游人初乐岁华新。

Chūnfēng mò shàng jīng wēichén, yóurén chū lè suìhuá xīn.

人闲正好路旁饮，麦短未怕游车轮。

Rén xián zhènghǎo lùpáng yǐn, mài duǎn wèi pà yóu chēlún.

城中居人厌城郭，喧阗①晓出空四邻。

Chéngzhōng jū rén yàn chéngguō, xuāntián xiǎo chū kōng sìlín.

①喧阗——形容人声、鼓声相杂。

歌鼓惊山草木动，箪②瓢散野乌鸢驯。

Gē gǔ jīng shān cǎomù dòng, dān piáo sàn yě wū yuān xùn.

②箪，食器；瓢，炊具。这句形容郊游的人有许多在那儿野餐，乌鸢也来捡食，并不避人。

何人聚众称道人？③遮道④卖符色怒嗔：

Hérén jùzhòng chēngdào rén? Zhēdào mài fú sè nù chēn:

③何人聚众称道人 这句是倒装句，意思是说：那称道人的是什么人，众人都聚观他。

④遮道——拦路。

“宜蚕使汝茧如瓮，宜畜使汝羊如麇。”⑤

“Yí cán shǐ rǔ jiǎn rú wèng, yí xù shǐ rǔ yáng rú jūn.”

⑤瓮——瓦坛子。麇（jūn）——野獐子。这两句是说道人吹嘘他的符十分灵验；能使你的蚕茧像坛子那样粗大，羊饲得像獐子那样肥、那样健、那样活泼。

路人未必信此语，强⑥为买服禳新春。

Lùrén wèibì xìn cǐ yǔ, qiáng wèi mǎi fú ráng xīnchūn.

⑥强——勉强。服——佩带在身上。禳——祈福除灾。

道人得钱径沽酒，醉倒自谓吾符神⑦！

Dàoren de qián jìng gūjiǔ, zuìdǎo zì wèi wú fú shén!

⑦神——灵验。这句是说道人自己相信自己的符，颇有骗钱买酒的“灵验”。

此诗为公元1063年（嘉祐八年）正月苏轼在凤翔所作。苏轼弟苏辙时在京师侍父，当看到北方新年之初的异域风俗，不由想起了家乡眉山岁首乡俗，便写下了《踏青》、《蚕市》诗二首。苏轼应弟之作也和诗二首。这是其中之一。 此诗描写了苏轼青少年时在家乡新春之际，与家人及“城中居人”游春踏青的盛况，具有浓郁的乡情。后四句刻化了一位骗钱道人的生动形象，增添了郊游的喜庆气氛。故乡的风俗民情令人倍感亲切，耐人回味。

译文：东风微排的田间小路上惊起了微尘，游人们开始来到野外感受春天的喜悦与温馨。人们难得清闲，正好停车在路旁小饮，麦苗短而柔韧，不怕那辗轧过来的车轮。城里人厌倦了高高的城墙，向往着郊外的景致，许多人家一大早就爬起来，用腾腾地涌出城来踏青。鼓乐声惊醒了冬眠的山岭，草木在欢歌笑语中摇动。野餐用的箪瓢遍野都是，前来捡食的乌鸢像列养熟了一样全不避人。那边是个什么人在自称道人，引得众人都来围观？ 只见他挡在路上卖符，脸红脖子粗地夸说它是多么灵：我这符能使你家养蚕结茧似瓮大，养羊如獐圆滚滚。路上的人未必就信他的话，只是为了图个新春吉利，才勉强买下佩带在身。道人卖得了钱就径自去买酒喝，醉倒后还自言自语说我这符可真灵。

Su Dongpo / Su Shi:

Trampled green

East wind whirls fine dust onto the streets:

First possibility for walkers,

to enjoy the new spring.

Season of idleness, just right

for refreshment at the roadside

The grain is still too short,

to be crushed by agricultural machinery.

City people sick through the walls around them.

Noisy start at daybreak,

leaving the whole city empty.

Songs and rhythms measure the hills,

Grass and trees shake,

Picnic baskets scattered in the fields,

where crows peck them out.

Su Shi: Trampled Green

Session 3: Oct 27 9:45-11:15 Yuan Drama (Zaju)

Original Text: Guan Hanqing: “The Injustice to Dou E”

See also the Reader.

Session 4: Ming novels I

Dec 1 9:45-11:15 Ming novels I (Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West) 康明杰

Session 5: Ming novels II

Dec 1 11:30-13:00 Ming novels II (Outlaws of the Marsh, The Scholars) 杨思艺

Session 6: Qing novel I

Dec 8 9:45-11:15 Qing novel I (Cao Xueqin: Red Chamber Dreams I) 裴梦姣

See Reader.

Session 7: Qing novel II

Dec 8 11:30-13:00 Qing novel II (Cao Xueqin: Red Chamber Dreams II)

Session 8: Dystopian literature

• 9 Dec 15 9:45-11:15 Late Qing dystopian literature (Liang Qichao: The Future of New China, Kang Youwei: Datong shu) 王晓彤

Session 9: Republican literature

• 9 Dec 15 11:30-13:00 Republican literature (Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Zhou Zuoren, Yu Dafu)

Session 10: Modern literature

• 10 Dec 16 9:45-11:15 Modern literature (Underground poets, Wang Meng, Mo Yan)安浩阳

Session 11: Contemporary literature I

• 11 Jan 12 9:45-11:15 Contemporary literature I (Han Han, Zhang Wei, Mian Mian) 张宇璇

Session 12: Contemporary literature II

• 12 Jan 19 9:45-11:15 Contemporary literature II (Xu Zechen, Han Shaogong, Yan Lianke) 张宇璇; 金乐

Session 13: Web literature

• 13 Jan 26 9:45-11:15 Web literature (excerpts live on http://qidian.com) 王美芬, 晏黎

Session 14: Science Fiction

• 14 Feb 2 9:45-11:15 Science fiction (Liu Cixin: The Three Body Problem, The Wandering Earth) 爱答

Session 15: Final Paper

• 15 Feb 9 Final Paper (homework)

Syllabus

Krytyczny przegląd literatury chińskiej

Educational subject description sheet

Basic information

<tbody> </tbody>

Field of study Sinologia Speciality - Department Faculty of Modern Languages and Literatures Study level Second-cycle programme Study form Full-time Education profile General academic	Didactic cycle 2023/24 Subject code 09SNLS.21K.05754.23 Lecture languages Chinese Mandatory Obligatory Block Major subjects
Subject coordinator	Kamil Burkiewicz
Lecturer	Kamil Burkiewicz

Period

Semester 1

Activities and hours

• Conversatory classes: 30, Graded credit

ECTS points

3
<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_002.png" width="682" height="1">
<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_003.png" width="681" height="55">

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Goals

<tbody> </tbody>

Code	Goal
C1	The course aims to let students get an overview and understand certain characteristics of Chinese literature from 2,500 years ago until today by reading prominent examples and increasing reading ability in Chinese as a Foreign Language.
C2	The selection of works aims at displaying the continuity and development over 2,500 years and showing the great variety of genres, styles and forms.
C3	The course aims to let students understand research methods, compare literary works, learn the relevant terminology, understand challenges and topics of Chinese civilization, are able to trace back cultural roots of contemporary phenomena/beliefs, appreciate the work of experts in the field, critically evaluate their knowledge and update it.

Entry requirements

Chinese level of at least B2 of the European Framework of References for Languages (CEFR).

Subject's learning outcomes

<tbody> </tbody>

Code	Outcomes in terms of	Learning outcomes	Examination methods
Knowledge – Student:
W1	has a wide knowledge of Chinese literature from classical to modern	SNL_K2_W02, SNL_K2_W05	Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia presentation
W2	knows the theories and research methodology in the field of sinology in relation to literary studies	SNL_K2_W03	Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia presentation
W3	knows selected issues of comparative literature against the background of the ongoing processes of cultural exchange and globalization	SNL_K2_W04	Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia presentation
W4	knows the rich terminology in the field of sinology in the field of literary studies	SNL_K2_W05	Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia presentation
W5	knows and understand deeply the fundamental dilemmas and challenges of contemporary civilization related to the literature of East Asia/China	SNL_K2_W08	Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia presentation
Skills – Student:
U1	formulates and tests hypotheses related to simple research problems and tasks, as well as communicate their observations	SNL_K2_U01	Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia presentation
Social competences – Student:
K1	is ready to critically evaluate the acquired knowledge of Chinese literature and to constantly update it	SNL_K2_K01	Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia presentation
K2	is ready to deeply appreciate the importance of specialist knowledge in solving cognitive problems related to multiculturalism and intercultural communication	SNL_K2_K02	Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia presentation

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<tbody> </tbody>

K3

is ready to critically consult problems that he/she is unable to solve on his/her own with experts in relevant scientific fields and to actively cooperate with them in search of appropriate solutions

SNL_K2_K03

Written colloquium, Essay, Multimedia presentation

Study content

<tbody> </tbody>

No.	Course content	Subject's learning outcomes	Activities
1.	Song Poetry	W1, W2, W4, U1, K3	Conversatory classes
2.	Yuan Drama	W1, K3	Conversatory classes
3.	Ming Novels	W1, U1, K3	Conversatory classes
4.	Qing novels	W1, K3	Conversatory classes
5.	Late Qing literature	W1, K2, K3	Conversatory classes
6.	Republican literature	W1, W2, W3, W4, U1, K1	Conversatory classes
7.	Modern literature	W1, W2, W4, W5	Conversatory classes
8.	Contemporary literature	W1, W4, W5, K1	Conversatory classes
9.	Web literature	W1, W4, W5, K1	Conversatory classes
10.	Science fiction	W1, W5, K2	Conversatory classes

Course advanced

<tbody> </tbody>

Activities	Teaching and learning methods and activities
Conversatory classes	Conversation lecture, Discussion, Work with text, Problem-based learning, Work in groups, Creative writing and reviewing fellow students' work

<tbody> </tbody>

Activities	Credit conditions
Conversatory classes	Students are required to prepare for each class, including preliminary reading of indicated texts and checking of new words. The completion of this obligation will be checked through online multiple-choice tests. Each student will prepare one short oral presentation. The semester essay should contain at least 1000 Chinese characters.

<img src="09snls-21k-05754-23/Image_005.png" width="682" height="1">

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Literature

Obligatory

1. Woesler Martin (ed.) 2023. Reader Chinese Literature – Selections, Bochum: European University Press [free e-book copies provided].

Optional

1. Song Poems (ci): Su Dongpo: “Autumn day in Kui Prefecture”
2. Yuan Drama (Zaju): Guan Hanqing: “The Injustice to Dou E”
3. Ming novels (Three Kingdoms, Journey to the West, Outlaws of the Marsh, The Scholars)
4. Qing novels (Cao Xueqin: Red Chamber Dreams)
5. Late Qing dystopian literature (Liang Qichao: The Future of New China, Kang Youwei: Datong shu)
6. Republican literature (Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Zhou Zuoren, Yu Dafu)
7. Modern literature (Underground poets, Wang Meng, Mo Yan)
8. Contemporary literature (Han Han, Zhang Wei, Xu Zechen, Han Shaogong)
9. Web literature (excerpts live on http://qidian.com)
10. Science fiction (Liu Cixin: The Three Body Problem, The Wandering Earth)

Calculation of ECTS points

<tbody> </tbody>

Activity form	Activity hours*
Conversatory classes	30
Preparation for classes	10
Reading the indicated literature	20
Preparation of a multimedia presentation	5
Other	10
Paper preparation	5
Preparation for the assessment	10
Student workload	Hours 90
Number of ECTS points	ECTS 3

* hour means 45 minutes
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Learning outcomes

<tbody> </tbody>

Code	Content
SNL_K2_K01	The graduate is ready to krytycznej oceny zdobywanej wiedzy o języku i literaturze chińskiej i ciągłego jej aktualizowania.
SNL_K2_K02	The graduate is ready to dogłębnego doceniania znaczenia wiedzy specjalistycznej w rozwiązywaniu problemów poznawczych i językowych związanych z wielokulturowością i komunikacją międzykulturową.
SNL_K2_K03	The graduate is ready to krytycznego konsultowania problemów, których nie jest w stanie samodzielnie rozwiązać, z ekspertami w odpowiednich dziedzinach naukowych i aktywnego współdziałania z nimi w poszukiwaniu właściwych rozwiązań.
SNL_K2_U01	The graduate can formułować i testować hipotezy związane z prostymi problemami badawczymi i realizowanymi zadaniami, a także komunikować swoje spostrzeżenia.
SNL_K2_W02	The graduate knows and understands w pogłębionym stopniu wybrane fakty, pojęcia i kluczowe zagadnienia z językoznawstwa, literaturoznawstwa i badań interdyscyplinarnych w obszarze sinologii.
SNL_K2_W03	The graduate knows and understands teorie i metodologie badań z wybranej dyscypliny (językoznawstwo bądź literaturoznawstwo sinologiczne) właściwe dla różnych szkół badawczych i paradygmatów, a także ich główne tendencje rozwojowe.
SNL_K2_W04	The graduate knows and understands wybrane zagadnienia komparatystyki językowej lub literackiej i translatoryki na tle zachodzących procesów wymiany kulturowej i globalizacji.
SNL_K2_W05	The graduate knows and understands bogatą terminologię z zakresu sinologii w obszarze badań językoznawczych, literaturoznawczych i interdyscyplinarnych.
SNL_K2_W08	The graduate knows and understands w pogłębionym stopniu fundamentalne dylematy i wyzwania współczesnej cywilizacji związane z językami, literaturą i kulturą Azji Wschodniej.